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Mancon A, Raccagni AR, Gagliardi G, Moschese D, Rizzo A, Giacomelli A, Cutrera M, Salari F, Bracchitta F, Antinori S, Gori A, Rizzardini G, Castagna A, Gismondo MR, Nozza S, Mileto D. Evaluation of analytical performance of the STANDARD TM M10 MPX/OPX assay for the simultaneous DNA detection and clade attribution of Monkeypox virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2337666. [PMID: 38572513 PMCID: PMC11018020 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection confirmation needs reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays; in addition, viral clade attribution is a key factor in containment measures, considering a more severe syndrome in clade I and the possibility of simultaneous circulation. This study evaluates the performance of all-in-one STANDARD M10 MPX/OPX (SD BIOSENSOR, South Korea - M10). Frozen samples from 205 subjects were selected and stratified according to routine test results (RealStar® Orthopoxvirus PCR Kit 1.0, Altona DIAGNOTICS, Germany - RS; RS-1): in detail, 100 negative skin lesions (SL) and 200 positive samples at the variable stage of infection were analysed. Positive samples were retested with RS (RS-2). Positive and Negative Percent Agreements (PPA, NPA) were calculated. The median (IQR) Ct values of RS and M10 (OPXV target) assays were highly similar. The PPA of M10 compared to RS-1 was 89.5% considering system interpretation, and 96.0% when the operator classified results as positive if any target was detected; NPA was 100%. Comparing the RS-2 run and M10, an overall concordance of 95.3% between assays was found; however, considering operator interpretation, M10 returned more positive results than RS-2. The occurrence of False-Negative results was likely associated with the influence of thawing on low viral concentration; no False-Positive tests were observed. All samples collected at the time of Mpox diagnosis were positive and M10 correctly attributed the clade (West-Africa/II). The M10 MPX/OPX assay demonstrated high reliability in confirming MPXV infection and clade attribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mancon
- Laboratory of Clincal Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Moschese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Rizzo
- Laboratory of Clincal Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Spinello Antinori
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Rizzardini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Gismondo
- Laboratory of Clincal Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Nozza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mileto
- Laboratory of Clincal Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- CNR-SCITEC, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, via C. Golgi 19, 20133Milan, Italy
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2
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Desai AN, Koopmans M, Otter A, Grobusch MP, Jokelainen P, Atkinson B, Cunha F, Valdoleiros SR, Preda VG, Fusco FM, Rovers CP, Greub G, Di Caro A, Simonsen L, Ntoumi F, Petersen E. Implications of the 2023-2024 MPXV clade I outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo to global public health. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:1092-1094. [PMID: 38697394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel N Desai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; ESCMID, Switzerland
| | - Marion Koopmans
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience and Pandemic and Disaster Research Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley Otter
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Emerging Pathogen Serology Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barry Atkinson
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Flavia Cunha
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia R Valdoleiros
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Veronica G Preda
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Francesco Maria Fusco
- ESCMID, Switzerland; D. Cotugno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chantal P Rovers
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert Greub
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Di Caro
- ESCMID, Switzerland; Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy; Unicamillus, International Medical University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lone Simonsen
- PandemiX Center, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, People's Republic of Congo; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübinge, Germany
| | - Eskild Petersen
- ESCMID, Switzerland; PandemiX Center, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
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3
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Dhanasekaran B, Chandran M, Chellasamy G, Veerapandian M, Govindaraju S, Yun K. Red Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters for Fluorescence, Smartphone, and Electrochemical Sensor Arrays to Detect the Monkeypox A29 Protein. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39207467 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
An Orthopox zoonotic viral infection called monkeypox (MPXV) is the leading infectious disease globally. MPXV can easily spread from human to human through direct and indirect sexual contact; therefore, accurate and early detection of MPXV is crucial for reducing mortality. Fluorescence-based materials have received significant attention in recent years for biomedical applications. In this study, we synthesized red-fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) with a size of less than 10 nm, which was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (Bio-AFM) analysis. The synthesized CuNCs had a high fluorescence nature and were utilized for the detection of the MPXV (A29P) by an antigen-antibody conjugation using fluorescence, smartphone colorimetric, and electrochemical sensing techniques. The antigen (A29P) and antibody (Ab A29) interaction mechanisms were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. Furthermore, fluorescence and electrochemical sensing were performed in PBS with detection limits of 0.096 and 0.114 nM, respectively. For real-world applications, the prepared immunosensor array can detect A29P in spiked serum samples, and point-of-care (POC) analysis, a smartphone-integrated sensor array, was used to measure the RGB color changes. The results showed that synthesized CuNCs are potential materials for detecting A29P via fluorescence and smartphone colorimetric and electrochemical sensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkavi Dhanasekaran
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Murugesan Chandran
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayathri Chellasamy
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Mekala Veerapandian
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Saravanan Govindaraju
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
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4
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Hurley S, Kim KW, Domazetovska A, Yau C, Yeang M, Donovan L, Kok J, Rawlinson W. Mpox detection in clinical specimens by three commercial real-time PCR assays demonstrates comparable results. Pathology 2024; 56:736-740. [PMID: 38395680 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Hurley
- Department of Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Ki Wook Kim
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New Souh Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana Domazetovska
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Yau
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New Souh Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Malinna Yeang
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda Donovan
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jen Kok
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - William Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division, Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Schools of Clinical Medicine, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Sha Y, Huang B, Hua C, Zhu Y, Tai W, Sun J, Li Y, Xia A, Wang Q, Lu L, Tan W, Jiang S. A clinically used anti-human papilloma virus agent (3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified bovine β-lactoglobulin) has a potential for topical application to prevent sexual transmission of monkeypox virus. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e677. [PMID: 39105195 PMCID: PMC11298542 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A global outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) caused by the mpox virus (MPXV) has posed a serious threat to public health worldwide, thus calling for the urgent development of antivirals and vaccines to curb its further spread. In this study, we screened 41 anhydride-modified proteins and found that 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified β-lactoglobulin (3HP-β-LG), a clinically used anti-HPV agent, was highly effective in inhibiting infection of vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VACV-VTT) and MPXV. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that 3HP-β-LG bound to the virus, not the host cell, by targeting the early stage of virus entry, possibly through the interaction between the amino acids with negatively charges in 3HP-β-LG and the key amino acids with positive charges in the target region of A29L, a key surface protein of MPXV. A synergistic effect was observed when 3HP-β-LG was combined with tecovirimat, a small-molecule antiviral drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency for the treatment of smallpox and mpox. Because of its clinically proven safety and stability, 3HP-β-LG shows promise for further development as a prophylactic agent to prevent the sexual transmission of MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi'ou Sha
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID)NHC Key Laboratory of BiosafetyNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Chen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Proteins, Fudan‐Jinbo Functional Protein Joint Research CenterShanxi Jinbo Bio‐Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.TaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wanbo Tai
- Institute of Infectious DiseasesShenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Jiewei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID)NHC Key Laboratory of BiosafetyNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Yixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Anqi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Proteins, Fudan‐Jinbo Functional Protein Joint Research CenterShanxi Jinbo Bio‐Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.TaiyuanShanxiChina
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6
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Mejia EM, Hizon NA, Dueck CE, Lidder R, Daigle J, Wonitowy Q, Medina NG, Mohammed UP, Cox GW, Safronetz D, Hagan M, Strong J, Nichani A, Mulvey MR, Mangat CS. Detection of mpox virus in wastewater provides forewarning of clinical cases in Canadian cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173108. [PMID: 38729376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has shown to be an effective tool in monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and has helped guide public health actions. Consequently, WBS has expanded to now include the monitoring of mpox virus (MPXV) to contribute to its mitigation efforts. In this study, we demonstrate a unique sample processing and a molecular diagnostic strategy for MPXV detection that can inform on the epidemiological situation of mpox outbreaks through WBS. We conducted WBS for MPXV in 22 Canadian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for 14 weeks. Three MPXV qPCR assays were assessed in this study for the detection of MPXV which include the G2R assays (G2R_WA and G2R_G) developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2010, and an in-house-developed assay that we have termed G2R_NML. The G2R_NML assay was designed using reference genomes from the 2022 MPXV outbreak and provides a larger qPCR amplicon size to facilitate Sanger sequencing. Results show that all three assays have similar limits of detection and are able to detect the presence of MPXV in wastewater. The G2R_NML assay produced a significantly greater number of Sanger sequence-confirmed MPXV results compared to the CDC G2R assays. Detection of MPXV was possible where provincial surveillance indicated overall low caseloads, and in some sites forewarning of up to several weeks was observed. Overall, this study proposes that WBS of MPXV provides additional information to help fill knowledge gaps in clinical case-surveillance and is potentially an essential component to the management of mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard M Mejia
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Nikho A Hizon
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Codey E Dueck
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ravinder Lidder
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jade Daigle
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Quinn Wonitowy
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nestor G Medina
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Umar P Mohammed
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Graham W Cox
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mable Hagan
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jim Strong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anil Nichani
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael R Mulvey
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Antimicrobial Resistance Nosocomial Infections, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chand S Mangat
- Wastewater Surveillance Unit, Bacterial Pathogens, AMR, and Wastewater, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Antimicrobial Resistance Nosocomial Infections, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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7
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Fan Z, Xie Y, Huang B, Zhao F, Hu Y, Huang Y, Mei S, Wei L, Wang L, Wang L, Gao Z, Ai B, Fang J, Liang C, Xu F, Tan W, Guo F. Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of mpox virus and orthopoxvirus infections. J Virol Methods 2024; 328:114957. [PMID: 38788978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Since May 2022, the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) has raised a great concern worldwide. Early detection of mpox virus infection is recognized as an efficient way to prevent mpox transmission. Mpox specific detection methods reported up to now are based on the SNPs among mpox virus and other orthopoxviruses. We have therefore developed a real-time PCR based mpox detection method targeting mpox virus specific sequences (N3R and B18Rplus). We have also optimized an orthopoxvirus detection system which targets the highly conserved E9L and D6R genes. The mpox and orthopoxvirus real-time PCR assays have a high sensitivity (1 copy/reaction) and specificity. Mpox viral DNA and clinical samples from mpox patients are detected with the mpox detection system. Furthermore, we have established a multiplex real-time PCR detection system allowing simultaneous and efficient detection of mpox and orthopoxvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yu Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Baoying Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Fei Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yamei Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Shan Mei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Liang Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Lingwa Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhao Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Bin Ai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jugao Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Fengwen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| | - Fei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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8
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Lima A, Rowe L, Silbert S. Validation of a new extraction-free real-time PCR test to detect MPOX virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116265. [PMID: 38520832 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The monkeypox (Mpox) virus has raised significant concerns given its recent spread with an increasing number of confirmed cases worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a laboratory developed test (LDT) using BioGX Xfree hMPXV/OPXV reagents for the qualitative detection of non-variola Orthopoxviruses and Mpox virus DNA, in swabs from human pustular or vesicular rash specimens. Analytical and clinical testing analysis were carried out on two different platforms: the BD MAX™ System (BD Diagnostics) and the new pixl.16 Real-Time PCR Platform (BioGX), using a synthetic Mpox virus DNA (ATCC VR-3270SD) and residual clinical samples previously identified with an EUA approved Mpox real-time PCR assay. In the end, the Xfree hMPXV/OPXV LDT proved to be a sensitive, specific, and reproducible test for the detection of Mpox on both platforms evaluated with the pixl.16 having an advantage of a small footprint and providing faster TAT facilitated by an extraction-free workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amorce Lima
- Esoteric Testing/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital, 1 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
| | - Laura Rowe
- Esoteric Testing/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital, 1 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Suzane Silbert
- Esoteric Testing/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital, 1 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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9
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Piralla A, Mileto D, Rizzo A, Ferrari G, Giardina F, Gaiarsa S, Petazzoni G, Bianchi M, Salari F, Bracchitta F, Sammartino JC, Ferrari A, Gagliardi G, Mancon A, Fenizia C, Biasin M, Rovida F, Paolucci S, Percivalle E, Lombardi A, Micheli V, Nozza S, Castagna A, Moschese D, Antinori S, Gori A, Bonfanti P, Rossotti R, D'Arminio Monforte A, Attanasi F, Tirani M, Cereda D, Baldanti F, Gismondo MR. Dynamics of viral DNA shedding and culture viral DNA positivity in different clinical samples collected during the 2022 mpox outbreak in Lombardy, Italy. Travel Med Infect Dis 2024; 59:102698. [PMID: 38556220 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mpox virus (MPXV) has recently spread outside of sub-Saharan Africa. This large multicentre study was conducted in Lombardy, the most densely populated Italian region accounting for more than 40% of Italian cases. The present study aims to: i) evaluate the presence and the shedding duration of MPXV DNA in different body compartments correlating the MPXV viability with the time to onset of symptoms; ii) provide evidence of MPXV persistence in different body compartment as a source of infection and iii) characterize the MPXV evolution by whole genome sequencing (WGS) during the outbreak occurred in Italy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 353 patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of MPXV infection screened in several clinical specimens in the period May 24th - September 1st, 2022. Viral isolation was attempted from different biological matrices and complete genome sequencing was performed for 61 MPXV strains. RESULTS MPXV DNA detection was more frequent in the skin (94.4%) with the longest median time of viral clearance (16 days). The actively-replicating virus in cell culture was obtained for 123/377 (32.6%) samples with a significant higher viral quantity on isolation positive samples (20 vs 31, p < 0.001). The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the high genetic identity of the MPXV strains collected, both globally and within the Lombardy region. CONCLUSION Skin lesion is gold standard material and the high viral load and the actively-replicating virus observed in genital sites confirms that sexual contact plays a key role in the viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piralla
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Mileto
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Rizzo
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Ferrari
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Giardina
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Gaiarsa
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Greta Petazzoni
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Micol Bianchi
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Salari
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Bracchitta
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferrari
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Gagliardi
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mancon
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Fenizia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L.Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L.Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rovida
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolucci
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lombardi
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Micheli
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Nozza
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Moschese
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Department of Infectious Diseases Ospedale "Luigi Sacco", Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital - University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Rossotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Tirani
- Directorate General for Health, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Cereda
- Directorate General for Health, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Gismondo
- Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergency Diagnostics, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L.Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
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10
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Onodera A, Imai K, Sato A, Tanaka M, Omachi R, Maeda T. Retrospective investigation of overlooked Mpox virus infection in saliva samples from patients with suspected syphilis in Japan. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29663. [PMID: 38727088 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Onodera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- KARADA Internal Medicine Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryuha Omachi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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11
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Wang Y, Chen H, Lin K, Han Y, Gu Z, Wei H, Mu K, Wang D, Liu L, Jin R, Song R, Rong Z, Wang S. Ultrasensitive single-step CRISPR detection of monkeypox virus in minutes with a vest-pocket diagnostic device. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3279. [PMID: 38627378 PMCID: PMC11021474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The emerging monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concern, thereby highlighting the need for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use diagnostics. Here, we develop a single-step CRISPR-based diagnostic platform, termed SCOPE (Streamlined CRISPR On Pod Evaluation platform), for field-deployable ultrasensitive detection of MPXV in resource-limited settings. The viral nucleic acids are rapidly released from the rash fluid swab, oral swab, saliva, and urine samples in 2 min via a streamlined viral lysis protocol, followed by a 10-min single-step recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas13a reaction. A pod-shaped vest-pocket analysis device achieves the whole process for reaction execution, signal acquisition, and result interpretation. SCOPE can detect as low as 0.5 copies/µL (2.5 copies/reaction) of MPXV within 15 min from the sample input to the answer. We validate the developed assay on 102 clinical samples from male patients / volunteers, and the testing results are 100% concordant with the real-time PCR. SCOPE achieves a single-molecular level sensitivity in minutes with a simplified procedure performed on a miniaturized wireless device, which is expected to spur substantial progress to enable the practice application of CRISPR-based diagnostics techniques in a point-of-care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Han
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixia Gu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjuan Wei
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Mu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Rong
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China.
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12
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Sun Y, Nie W, Tian D, Ye Q. Human monkeypox virus: Epidemiologic review and research progress in diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Virol 2024; 171:105662. [PMID: 38432097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is responsible for causing a zoonotic disease called monkeypox (mpox), which sporadically infects humans in West and Central Africa. It first infected humans in 1970 and, along with the variola virus, belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the poxvirus family. Since the World Health Organization declared the MPXV outbreak a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" on July 23, 2022, the number of infected patients has increased dramatically. To control this epidemic and address this previously neglected disease, MPXV needs to be better understood and reevaluated. In this review, we cover recent research on MPXV, including its genomic and pathogenic characteristics, transmission, mutations and mechanisms, clinical characteristics, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment measures, as well as prevention of MPXV infection in light of the 2022 and 2023 global outbreaks. The 2022 MPXV outbreak has been primarily associated with close intimate contact, including sexual activity, with most cases diagnosed among men who have sex with men. The incubation period of MPXV infection usually lasts from 6 to 13 days, and symptoms include fever, muscle pains, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic painful rash, including several stages, such as macules, papules, blisters, pustules, scabs, and scab shedding involving the genitals and anus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is usually used to detect MPXV in skin lesion material. Treatment includes supportive care, antivirals, and intravenous vaccinia immune globulin. Smallpox vaccines have been designed with four givens emergency approval for use against MPXV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Wenjian Nie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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13
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Agarwala P, Sharma A. Role of the Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Poxvirus Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1451:239-252. [PMID: 38801582 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Although WHO-led global efforts led to eradication of smallpox over four decades ago, other poxviruses, especially monkeypox, have re-emerged to occupy the ecological niche vacated by smallpox. Many of these viruses produce similar lesions thus mandating a prompt laboratory confirmation. There has been considerable evolution in the techniques available to diagnose these infections and differentiate between them. With the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox, significant efforts were made to apprise the laboratory diagnosis of the virus and numerous real-time-PCR-based assays were made commercially available. This chapter discusses the sample collection and biosafety aspects along with the repertoire of diagnostic modalities, both traditional and emerging, for poxviruses which a special focus on monkeypox. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique have been illustrated. We have also reflected upon the newer advances and the existing lacunae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Agarwala
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, 492001, India.
| | - Archa Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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14
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Schuele L, Boter M, Nieuwenhuijse DF, Götz H, Fanoy E, de Vries H, Vieyra B, Bavalia R, Hoornenborg E, Molenkamp R, Jonges M, van den Ouden A, Simões M, van den Lubben M, Koopmans M, Welkers MRA, Oude Munnink BB. Circulation, viral diversity and genomic rearrangement in mpox virus in the Netherlands during the 2022 outbreak and beyond. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29397. [PMID: 38235923 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease which has now spread to over 113 countries as of August 2023, with over 89,500 confirmed human cases. The Netherlands had one of the highest incidence rates in Europe during the peak of the outbreak. In this study, we generated 158 near-complete mpox virus (MPXV) genomes (12.4% of nationwide cases) that were collected throughout the Netherlands from the start of the outbreak in May 2022 to August 2023 to track viral evolution and investigate outbreak dynamics. We detected 14 different viral lineages, suggesting multiple introductions followed by rapid initial spread within the country. The estimated evolutionary rate was relatively high compared to previously described in orthopoxvirus literature, with an estimated 11.58 mutations per year. Genomic rearrangement events occurred at a rate of 0.63% and featured a large deletion event. In addition, based on phylogenetics, we identified multiple potential transmission clusters which could be supported by direct source- and contact tracing data. This led to the identification of at least two main transmission locations at the beginning of the outbreak. We conclude that whole genome sequencing of MPXV is essential to enhance our understanding of outbreak dynamics and evolution of a relatively understudied and emerging zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Schuele
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjan Boter
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David F Nieuwenhuijse
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannelore Götz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, (Infectious Disease Control and Center Sexual Health) Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewout Fanoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry de Vries
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Vieyra
- Department of Public Health, (Infectious Disease Control and Center Sexual Health) Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roisin Bavalia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elske Hoornenborg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Jonges
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Margarida Simões
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- European Program for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariken van den Lubben
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs R A Welkers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas B Oude Munnink
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Wang X, Rao Q, Lu Z, Deng X, Shen R, Wang R, Dong W, Qi X, Jin Z, Tang Y, Du D. Rapid and sensitive Cas13a/Cas12a-based one-pot dual-target strategy to detect monkeypox virus and its co-infected viruses. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3142-3148. [PMID: 37989676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiao Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhengrong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaobao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weiyi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianhua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Youzhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Coppens J, Liesenborghs L, Vercauteren K, Van Esbroeck M, Van Dijck C. No Varicella Zoster Virus Infection among Mpox Cases in Antwerp, Belgium. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1282-1283. [PMID: 38061061 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies in tropical settings have reported that ∼20% of patients infected with Monkeypox virus (MPXV) also tested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for Varicella zoster virus (VZV). Researchers have hypothesized that VZV infection predisposes to monkeypox (mpox), or vice versa, or that MPXV triggers the reactivation of VZV. We tested samples for VZV from a cohort of patients infected with clade IIb MPXV diagnosed between May 23 and October 14, 2022 in Antwerp, Belgium. Leftover DNA extracts of skin lesion samples from 108 mpox patients were tested with in-house PCR for VZV. No VZV infections were found. The absence of concurrent VZV-MPXV infections in our cohort indicates that VZV did not cocirculate in the population at risk for MPXV during the Belgian 2022 outbreak, but also that MPXV does not commonly trigger reactivation of latent VZV in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Coppens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Vercauteren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Dijck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Oghuan J, Chavarria C, Vanderwal SR, Gitter A, Ojaruega AA, Monserrat C, Bauer CX, Brown EL, Cregeen SJ, Deegan J, Hanson BM, Tisza M, Ocaranza HI, Balliew J, Maresso AW, Rios J, Boerwinkle E, Mena KD, Wu F. Wastewater analysis of Mpox virus in a city with low prevalence of Mpox disease: an environmental surveillance study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 28:100639. [PMID: 38076410 PMCID: PMC10701415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Tracking infectious diseases at the community level is challenging due to asymptomatic infections and the logistical complexities of mass surveillance. Wastewater surveillance has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring infectious disease agents including SARS-CoV-2 and Mpox virus. However, detecting the Mpox virus in wastewater is particularly challenging due to its relatively low prevalence in the community. In this study, we aim to characterize three molecular assays for detecting and tracking the Mpox virus in wastewater from El Paso, Texas, during February and March 2023. Methods In this study, a combined approach utilizing three real-time PCR assays targeting the C22L, F3L, and F8L genes and sequencing was employed to detect and track the Mpox virus in wastewater samples. The samples were collected from four sewersheds in the City of El Paso, Texas, during February and March 2023. Wastewater data was compared with reported clinical case data in the city. Findings Mpox virus DNA was detected in wastewater from all the four sewersheds, whereas only one Mpox case was reported during the sampling period. Positive signals were still observed in multiple sewersheds after the Mpox case was identified. Higher viral concentrations were found in the pellet than in the supernatant of wastewater. Notably, an increasing trend in viral concentration was observed approximately 1-2 weeks before the reporting of the Mpox case. Further sequencing and epidemiological analysis provided supporting evidence for unreported Mpox infections in the city. Interpretation Our analysis suggests that the Mpox cases in the community is underestimated. The findings emphasize the value of wastewater surveillance as a public health tool for monitoring infectious diseases even in low-prevalence areas, and the need for heightened vigilance to mitigate the spread of Mpox disease for safeguarding global health. Funding Center of Infectious Diseases at UTHealth, the University of Texas System, and the Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of these funding organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Oghuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Chavarria
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scout R. Vanderwal
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Gitter
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akpevwe Amanda Ojaruega
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Monserrat
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cici X. Bauer
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Spatial-temporal Modeling of Applications in Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric L. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Javornik Cregeen
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Deegan
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blake M. Hanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Tisza
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony W. Maresso
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- TAILOR Labs, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janelle Rios
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristina D. Mena
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fuqing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Epidemic Public Health Institute (TEPHI), UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Choi Y, Kim Y. Application of multiplex realtime PCR detection for hemorrhagic fever syndrome viruses. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1933-1941. [PMID: 37866271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiplex real-time PCR is a quick and cost effective method for detection of various gene simultaneously. HFSV (Hemorrhagic Fever Syndrome Virus) is a newly emerging infectious disease because of globalization and climate change. We tried to develop a molecular diagnostic technique for various causative viruses and evaluate its usefulness for improving public health. METHODS Molecular diagnostic test method that qualitatively detects viruses causing viral hemorrhagic fevers hired Taq-Man Real-time RT-PCR technique. The Ct value was experimentally observed three or more times at the RNA concentration before and after the detection limit. After designing a multiplex real-time RT-PCR test for target gene of selected 17 viruses, the detection limit for each target and the presence or absence of cross-reaction and interference reaction were evaluated to determine its availability. RESULTS Six kinds of viruses, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, Sabia virus, Chapare virus, Yellow fever virus, and Variola virus (A4L gene, B12R gene), were able to confirm the detection limit of 0.5 copies/μl, and other Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Kyasanur Forest disease virus, Junin virus, Guanarito virus, Machupo virus, Chikungunya virus, Hantavirus, Dengue virus types 1-4, and Lassa virus (L gene, GPC gene), and 11 kinds of viruses, the detection limit was confirmed at 5 copies/μl. No cross-reaction or interference between detected genes was observed. CONCLUSION The virus test method developed through this study using multiplex is expected to be used for public health and quarantine as a test method that can be used when a hemorrhagic fever virus of unknown cause is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhyuk Choi
- Department of Convergence Engineering, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University, Seoul, 06724, South Korea; MDx Center, Diagnosis Division, iNtRON Biotechnology, South Korea
| | - Younghee Kim
- Department of Convergence Engineering, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University, Seoul, 06724, South Korea.
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19
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Song K, Brochu HN, Zhang Q, Williams JD, Iyer LK. An In Silico Analysis of PCR-Based Monkeypox Virus Detection Assays: A Case Study for Ongoing Clinical Surveillance. Viruses 2023; 15:2327. [PMID: 38140568 PMCID: PMC10747849 DOI: 10.3390/v15122327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2022 global Mpox outbreak swiftly introduced unforeseen diversity in the monkeypox virus (MPXV) population, resulting in numerous Clade IIb sublineages. This propagation of new MPXV mutations warrants the thorough re-investigation of previously recommended or validated primers designed to target MPXV genomes. In this study, we explored 18 PCR primer sets and examined their binding specificity against 5210 MPXV genomes, representing all the established MPXV lineages. Our results indicated that only five primer sets resulted in almost all perfect matches against the targeted MPXV lineages, and the remaining primer sets all contained 1-2 mismatches against almost all the MPXV lineages. We further investigated the mismatched primer-genome pairs and discovered that some of the primers overlapped with poorly sequenced and assembled regions of the MPXV genomes, which are consistent across multiple lineages. However, we identified 173 99% genome-wide conserved regions across all 5210 MPXV genomes, representing 30 lineages/clades with at least 80% lineage-specific consensus for future primer development and primer binding evaluation. This exercise is crucial to ensure that the current detection schemes are robust and serve as a framework for primer evaluation in clinical testing development for other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuncheng Song
- Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics, Data Science and AI, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA; (K.S.); (H.N.B.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Hayden N. Brochu
- Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics, Data Science and AI, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA; (K.S.); (H.N.B.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qimin Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics, Data Science and AI, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA; (K.S.); (H.N.B.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jonathan D. Williams
- Labcorp Research and Development, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA;
| | - Lakshmanan K. Iyer
- Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics, Data Science and AI, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA; (K.S.); (H.N.B.); (Q.Z.)
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20
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Yang X, Cheng X, Wei H, Tu Z, Rong Z, Wang C, Wang S. Fluorescence-enhanced dual signal lateral flow immunoassay for flexible and ultrasensitive detection of monkeypox virus. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:450. [PMID: 38001482 PMCID: PMC10675944 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) worldwide in 2022 highlights the need for a rapid and low-cost MPXV detection tool for effectively monitoring and controlling monkeypox disease. In this study, we developed a flexible lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) with strong colorimetric and enhanced fluorescence dual-signal output for the rapid, on-site, and highly sensitive detection of the MPXV antigen in different scenarios. A multilayered SiO2-Au core dual-quantum dot (QD) shell nanocomposite (named SiO2-Au/DQD), which consists of a large SiO2 core (~ 200 nm), one layer of density-controlled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 20 nm), and thousands of small QDs, was fabricated instead of a traditional colorimetric nanotag (i.e., AuNPs) and a fluorescent nanotag (QD nanobead) to simultaneously provide good stability, strong colorimetric ability and superior fluorescence intensity. With the dual-signal output LFIA, we achieved the specific screening of the MPXV antigen (A29L) in 15 min, with detection limits of 0.5 and 0.0021 ng/mL for the colorimetric and fluorometric modes, respectively. Moreover, the colorimetric mode of SiO2-Au/DQD-LFIA exhibits the same sensitivity as the traditional AuNP- LFIA, whereas the overall sensitivity of this method on the basis of the fluorescent signal can achieve 238- and 3.3-fold improvements in sensitivity for MPXV compared with the AuNP-based LFIA and ELISA methods, respectively, indicating the powerful performance and good versatility of the dual-signal method in the point-of-care testing of the MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingsheng Yang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Cheng
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Wei
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Tu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Rong
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Chongwen Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
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21
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Aggarwal S, Agarwal P, Nigam K, Vijay N, Yadav P, Gupta N. Mapping the Landscape of Health Research Priorities for Effective Pandemic Preparedness in Human Mpox Virus Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:1352. [PMID: 38003816 PMCID: PMC10674790 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The global re-emergence of monkeypox (Mpox) in non-endemic regions in 2022 has highlighted the critical importance of timely virus detection and robust public health surveillance in assessing outbreaks and their impact. Despite significant Mpox research being conducted worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize key research areas in order to create a roadmap that maximizes the utilization of available resources. The present research article provides a comprehensive mapping of health research priorities aimed at advancing our understanding of Mpox and developing effective interventions for managing its outbreaks, and, as evidenced by the fact that achieving this objective requires close interdisciplinary collaboration. The key research priorities observed were identifying variants responsible for outbreaks; discovering novel biomarkers for diagnostics; establishing suitable animal models; investigating reservoirs and transmission routes; promoting the One Health approach; identifying targets for vaccination; gaining insight into the attitudes, experiences, and practices of key communities, including stigma; and ensuring equity during public health emergencies. The findings of this study hold significant implications for decision making by multilateral partners, including research funders, public health practitioners, policy makers, clinicians, and civil society, which will facilitate the development of a comprehensive plan not only for Mpox but also for other similar life-threatening viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Aggarwal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.A.)
| | - Pragati Agarwal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.A.)
| | - Kuldeep Nigam
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.A.)
| | - Neetu Vijay
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.A.)
| | - Pragya Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India
| | - Nivedita Gupta
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.A.)
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22
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Aid M, Sciacca M, McMahan K, Hope D, Liu J, Jacob-Dolan C, Powers O, Barrett J, Wu C, Mutoni A, Murdza T, Richter H, Velasco J, Teow E, Boursiquot M, Cook A, Orekov T, Hamilton M, Pessaint L, Ryan A, Hayes T, Martinot AJ, Seaman MS, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Barouch DH. Mpox infection protects against re-challenge in rhesus macaques. Cell 2023; 186:4652-4661.e13. [PMID: 37734373 PMCID: PMC10591870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The mpox outbreak of 2022-2023 involved rapid global spread in men who have sex with men. We infected 18 rhesus macaques with mpox by the intravenous, intradermal, and intrarectal routes and observed robust antibody and T cell responses following all three routes of infection. Numerous skin lesions and high plasma viral loads were observed following intravenous and intradermal infection. Skin lesions peaked on day 10 and resolved by day 28 following infection. On day 28, we re-challenged all convalescent and 3 naive animals with mpox. All convalescent animals were protected against re-challenge. Transcriptomic studies showed upregulation of innate and inflammatory responses and downregulation of collagen formation and extracellular matrix organization following challenge, as well as rapid activation of T cell and plasma cell responses following re-challenge. These data suggest key mechanistic insights into mpox pathogenesis and immunity. This macaque model should prove useful for evaluating mpox vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Aid
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michaela Sciacca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Powers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cindy Wu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Audrey Mutoni
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tetyana Murdza
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hannah Richter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alaina Ryan
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Tammy Hayes
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Amanda J Martinot
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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23
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Davis I, Payne JM, Olguin VL, Sanders MP, Clements T, Stefan CP, Williams JA, Hooper JW, Huggins JW, Mucker EM, Ricks KM. Development of a specific MPXV antigen detection immunodiagnostic assay. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243523. [PMID: 37744911 PMCID: PMC10516133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human monkeypox (mpox) has recently become a global public health emergency; however, assays that detect mpox infection are not widely available, largely due to cross-reactivity within the Orthopoxvirus genus. Immunoassay development was largely confined to researchers who focus on biothreats and endemic areas (Central and West Africa) until the 2022 outbreak. As was noted in the COVID-19 pandemic, antigen detection assays, integrated with molecular assays, are necessary to help curb the spread of disease. Antigen-detecting immunoassays offer the advantage of providing results ranging from within min to h and in lateral flow formats; they can be deployed for point-of-care, home, or field use. This study reports the development of an mpox-specific antigen detection immunoassay developed on a multiplexed, magnetic-bead-based platform utilizing reagents from all research sectors (commercial, academic, and governmental). Two semi-quantitative assays were developed in parallel and standardized with infectious mpox virus (MPXV) cell culture fluid and MPXV-positive non-human primate (NHP) sera samples. These assays could detect viral antigens in serum, were highly specific toward MPXV as compared to other infectious orthopoxviruses (vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, and camelpox virus), and exhibited a correlation with quantitative PCR results from an NHP study. Access to a toolbox of assays for mpox detection will be key for identifying cases and ensuring proper treatment, as MPXV is currently a global traveler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Davis
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jackie M. Payne
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Victoria L. Olguin
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Madison P. Sanders
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tamara Clements
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher P. Stefan
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Janice A. Williams
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - John W. Huggins
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Eric M. Mucker
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
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24
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Siami H, Asghari A, Parsamanesh N. Monkeypox: Virology, laboratory diagnosis and therapeutic approach. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3521. [PMID: 37132057 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox infection outbreaks have been observed sporadically in Africa, usually as a result of interaction with wildlife reservoirs. The genomes of the new strain range in size from 184.7 to 198.0 kb and are identified with 143-214 open reading frames. Viral cores are rapidly carried on microtubules away from the cell's perimeter and deeper into the cytoplasm once the virus and cell membranes fuse. Depending on the kind of exposure, patients with monkeypox may experience a febrile prodrome 5-13 days after exposure, which frequently includes lymphadenopathy, malaise, headaches, and muscle aches. A different diagnostic approach is available for monkeypox, including histopathological analysis, electron microscopy, immunoassays, polymerase chain reaction, genome sequencing, microarrays, loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology and CRISPR (i.e., "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats"). There are currently no particular, clinically effective treatments available for the monkeypox virus. An initial treatment is cidofovir. As a monophosphate nucleotide analog, cidofovir is transformed into an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase by cellular kinases, which is analogous to cidofovir's function in inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. The European Medicine Agency and the Food and Drug Administration have both granted permission for IMVAMUNE, a replication-deficient, attenuated third-generation modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine, to be used for the prevention of smallpox and monkeypox in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Siami
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arghavan Asghari
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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25
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Siegenbeek van Heukelom ML, Jongen VW, Schouten J, Hoornenborg E, Bruisten S, Westerhuis B, Welkers MR, Vergunst CE, Prins M, Schim van der Loeff MF, de Vries HJC. Characteristics of mpox positive, versus mpox negative, and mpox unsuspected clients from the Centre of Sexual Health, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 20 May to 15 September 2022. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:1891-1896. [PMID: 37212540 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In May 2022, an outbreak of mpox (monkeypox) in men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) emerged and quickly affected over 100 countries. In the early stages of the outbreak, overlap in symptoms with sexually transmitted infections (STI) made triage for mpox testing challenging. More information was needed on whom to screen and the main route of transmission. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify characteristics of mpox cases to further strengthen case definitions. We also compared Cycle threshold (Ct) values of the DNA positive mpox samples as a proxy for viral load by body location. METHODS From 20 May 2022 to 15 September 2022, we tested all MSM who presented with malaise, and/or ulcerative lesions, and/or proctitis and/or a papular-vesicular-pustular eruption attending the Centre of Sexual Health in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, for mpox, with a PCR test. In the same period, 6932 MSM mpox unsuspected clients were not tested. We compared those tested positive for mpox with those tested negative and those unsuspected for mpox. RESULTS Of the 374 MSM tested, 135 (36%) were positive for mpox. The mpox-positive MSM were older (median age, respectively, 36, 34 and 34 years, p = 0.019) and more often lived with HIV (30% vs. 16% and 7%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, mpox-positive patients more often reported receptive anal sex without a condom, sexualized drug use, more sex partners, and were more often diagnosed with bacterial STI (p < 0.001). Systemic symptoms and anogenital lesions were associated with mpox infection. For mpox-positive patients, anal samples (p = 0.009) and lesional samples (p = 0.006) showed significantly lower median mpox Ct values compared to throat samples. CONCLUSIONS Mpox-positive patients more often reported receptive anal sex without a condom, had more sex partners and more often lived with HIV. Our results suggest that in the current mpox outbreak among MSM, sexual transmission is the main route.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Siegenbeek van Heukelom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V W Jongen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Schouten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Hoornenborg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Bruisten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Westerhuis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M R Welkers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C E Vergunst
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M F Schim van der Loeff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J C de Vries
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Mizushima D, Shintani Y, Takano M, Shiojiri D, Ando N, Aoki T, Watanabe K, Nakamoto T, Gatanaga H, Oka S. Prevalence of Asymptomatic Mpox among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Japan, January-March 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1872-1876. [PMID: 37506678 PMCID: PMC10461655 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We prospectively assessed asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among men who have sex with men in Tokyo, Japan, during the initial phase of the mpox epidemic. Our findings suggest that asymptomatic infections were likely underestimated and were comparable in magnitude to symptomatic infections, highlighting the need to improve testing accessibility among high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Misao Takano
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D. Mizushima, Y. Shintani, M. Takano, D. Shiojiri, N. Ando, T. Aoki, K. Watanabe, T. Nakamoto, H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
- Personal Health Clinic, Tokyo (D. Shiojiri); Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
| | - Daisuke Shiojiri
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D. Mizushima, Y. Shintani, M. Takano, D. Shiojiri, N. Ando, T. Aoki, K. Watanabe, T. Nakamoto, H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
- Personal Health Clinic, Tokyo (D. Shiojiri); Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
| | - Naokatsu Ando
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D. Mizushima, Y. Shintani, M. Takano, D. Shiojiri, N. Ando, T. Aoki, K. Watanabe, T. Nakamoto, H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
- Personal Health Clinic, Tokyo (D. Shiojiri); Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
| | - Takahiro Aoki
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D. Mizushima, Y. Shintani, M. Takano, D. Shiojiri, N. Ando, T. Aoki, K. Watanabe, T. Nakamoto, H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
- Personal Health Clinic, Tokyo (D. Shiojiri); Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
| | - Koji Watanabe
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D. Mizushima, Y. Shintani, M. Takano, D. Shiojiri, N. Ando, T. Aoki, K. Watanabe, T. Nakamoto, H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
- Personal Health Clinic, Tokyo (D. Shiojiri); Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
| | - Takato Nakamoto
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D. Mizushima, Y. Shintani, M. Takano, D. Shiojiri, N. Ando, T. Aoki, K. Watanabe, T. Nakamoto, H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
- Personal Health Clinic, Tokyo (D. Shiojiri); Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D. Mizushima, Y. Shintani, M. Takano, D. Shiojiri, N. Ando, T. Aoki, K. Watanabe, T. Nakamoto, H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
- Personal Health Clinic, Tokyo (D. Shiojiri); Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
| | - Shinichi Oka
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (D. Mizushima, Y. Shintani, M. Takano, D. Shiojiri, N. Ando, T. Aoki, K. Watanabe, T. Nakamoto, H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
- Personal Health Clinic, Tokyo (D. Shiojiri); Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H. Gatanaga, S. Oka)
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Zhou Y, Chen Z. Mpox: a review of laboratory detection techniques. Arch Virol 2023; 168:221. [PMID: 37543543 PMCID: PMC10404179 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which, like smallpox, is characterised by skin rashes. While the world is currently grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the appearance of MPXV has presented a global threat and raised concerns worldwide. Since May 2022, MPXV has spread rapidly in non-endemic mpox areas. As of 27 June 2023, the virus has spread to more than 112 countries and regions, with over 88,060 laboratory-confirmed cases and 147 deaths. Thus, measures to control the mpox epidemic are urgently needed. As the principal methods for identifying and monitoring mpox, laboratory detection techniques play an important role in mpox diagnosis. This review summarises the currently-used laboratory techniques for MPXV detection, discusses progress in improving these methods, and compares the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic detection methods. Currently, nucleic acid amplification tests, such as the polymerase chain reaction, are the most commonly used. Immunological methods have also been applied to diagnose the disease, which can help us discover new features of MPXV, improve diagnostic accuracy, track epidemic trends, and guide future prevention and control strategies, which are also vital for controlling mpox epidemics. This review provides a resource for the scientific community and should stimulate more research and development in alternative diagnostics to be applied to this and future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Zhou
- School of Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zixin Chen
- School of Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Huang P, Huang Z, Liu M, Bai Y, Jin H, Huang J, Liu X, Guan Z, Duan M, Zhang H, Li Y, Chiu S, Wang H. A visual assay panel for the identification of monkeypox virus DNA belonging to the clades I and II. Virol Sin 2023; 38:635-638. [PMID: 37286135 PMCID: PMC10241493 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zanheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Meihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jingbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xingqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhenhong Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ming Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 244199, China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Suzuki T, Saito S, Tsuzuki S, Ashida S, Takakusaki M, Yoshikawa T, Shimojima M, Ebihara H, Ohmagari N, Morioka S. Protocol of Tecopox study: a multicentre, open-label, double-arm trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral tecovirimat therapy for patients with smallpox or monkeypox. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069550. [PMID: 37527886 PMCID: PMC10394549 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monkeypox was originally endemic locally in West Africa; however, outbreaks in non-endemic countries have been recognised since May 2022. The effectiveness of tecovirimat has been estimated against smallpox, which belongs to the same Orthopoxvirus genus as monkeypox. Thus, tecovirimat is expected to be effective against monkeypox. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral tecovirimat therapy for patients with smallpox and monkeypox and to prepare a scheme for oral tecovirimat use in Japan. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This nationwide, multicentre, non-randomised, open-label, double-arm study will involve viral examination of the blood, throat swabs, urine and skin lesions, performed periodically. Participants will freely decide whether to participate in an administered group (supportive treatment plus oral tecovirimat) or a non-administered group (only supportive treatment). Tecovirimat will be administered for 14 days. To ensure that financial problems do not preclude participation in the study, the research fund will cover the cost of tecovirimat and basic hospitalisation fees. The primary endpoint is the percentage of patients with negative PCR results (cycle threshold value ≥40) for skin lesion specimens at 14 days after inclusion in the study. Secondary endpoints include mortality at 14 and 30 days, viral load in each sample, duration of fever and adverse events. The sample size is estimated to be 50 patients with monkeypox or smallpox. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. This study was approved by the Certified Review Board of National Center for Global Health and Medicine and published in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and/or in presentations at academic conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER jRCTs031220169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sho Saito
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsuzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ashida
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizue Takakusaki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Qudus MS, Cui X, Tian M, Afaq U, Sajid M, Qureshi S, Liu S, Ma J, Wang G, Faraz M, Sadia H, Wu K, Zhu C. The prospective outcome of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1196699. [PMID: 37533932 PMCID: PMC10391643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1196699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new threat to global health re-emerged with monkeypox's advent in early 2022. As of November 10, 2022, nearly 80,000 confirmed cases had been reported worldwide, with most of them coming from places where the disease is not common. There were 53 fatalities, with 40 occurring in areas that had never before recorded monkeypox and the remaining 13 appearing in the regions that had previously reported the disease. Preliminary genetic data suggest that the 2022 monkeypox virus is part of the West African clade; the virus can be transmitted from person to person through direct interaction with lesions during sexual activity. It is still unknown if monkeypox can be transmitted via sexual contact or, more particularly, through infected body fluids. This most recent epidemic's reservoir host, or principal carrier, is still a mystery. Rodents found in Africa can be the possible intermediate host. Instead, the CDC has confirmed that there are currently no particular treatments for monkeypox virus infection in 2022; however, antivirals already in the market that are successful against smallpox may mitigate the spread of monkeypox. To protect against the disease, the JYNNEOS (Imvamune or Imvanex) smallpox vaccine can be given. The spread of monkeypox can be slowed through measures such as post-exposure immunization, contact tracing, and improved case diagnosis and isolation. Final Thoughts: The latest monkeypox epidemic is a new hazard during the COVID-19 epidemic. The prevailing condition of the monkeypox epidemic along with coinfection with COVID-19 could pose a serious condition for clinicians that could lead to the global epidemic community in the form of coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaib Qudus
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Uzair Afaq
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts Worcester, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sonia Qureshi
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - June Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guolei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Muhammad Faraz
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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31
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Jiang T, Li G, Liu R, Zhou J, Gao N, Shen J. Creating an ultra-sensitive detection platform for monkeypox virus DNA based on CRISPR technology. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28905. [PMID: 37386903 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent major worldwide outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) has highlighted the urgent need for accurate MPXV detection methods. Although quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique is currently the gold standard for MPXV diagnosis, the high costs associated with the technique and the need for complex instrumentation, limits its application in resource-poor settings. CRISPR technology has developed rapidly in recent years and provides an effective tool for point-of-care testing pathogen identification. Here, we exploited the cleavage properties of the Cas12a enzyme and Cas13a enzyme, to detect the MPXV specific genes, F3L gene and B6R gene, respectively. We developed two detection protocols: a 2-step method in which the CRISPR Dual System reaction and the multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification reaction were carried out in separate tubes and a single-tube method in which both reactions were carried out in one tube. Evaluation of the two methods showed that our protocol can detect the MPXV genome down to 10° copies/μL with good specificity and no cross-reactivity with other poxviruses pseudoviruses, and bacteria. Mock positive samples were used to assess clinical applicability, with the results showing satisfactory concordance with the qPCR method for parallel testing. In conclusion, our study provides a reliable molecular diagnostic strategy for detection of MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ge Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Runde Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nana Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jilu Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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32
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Gong L, Chen X, Wang Y, Liang J, Liu X, Wang Y. Rapid, sensitive, and highly specific detection of monkeypox virus by CRISPR-based diagnostic platform. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1137968. [PMID: 37441636 PMCID: PMC10335395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1137968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monkeypox (MPX), caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), has incurred global attention since it broke out in many countries in recent times, which highlights the need for rapid and reliable diagnosis of MPXV infection. Methods We combined recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with CRISPR/Cas12a-based detection to devise a diagnostic test for detection of MPXV and differentiation of its two clades [Central Africa clade (MPXV-CA) and West Africa clade (MPXV-WA)], and called it MPXV-RCC. The sensitivity, specificity and practicability of this method have been analyzed. Results The optimal conditions of MPXV-RCC assay include two RPA reactions at 38°C for 25 min and a CRISPR/Cas12a-gRNA detection at 37°C for 10 min. The results of MPXV-RCC assay were indicated by a real-time fluorescence analysis software. Thus, the whole detection process, including rapid template preparation (20 min), RPA reaction (25 min) and CRISPR-based detection (10 min), could be finished within 1 hour. The sensitivity of MPXV-RCC for MPXV-CA and MPXV-WA detection was down to 5~10 copies of recombination plasmids and pseudovirus per reaction. Particularly, MPXV-RCC assay could clearly differentiate MPXV-CA from MPXV-WA, and had no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. In addition, the feasibility of MPXV-RCC assay was further validated by using spiked clinical samples. Conclusion The MPXV-RCC assay developed here is a promising tool for quick and reliable diagnosis of MPXV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gong
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Erster O, Levy I, Kabat A, Mannasse B, Levy V, Assraf H, Azar R, Ben-Zvi H, Bradenstein R, Bunder O, Fadeela A, Keren-Naus A, Peretz A, Roif-Kaminsky D, Saleh L, Schreiber L, Schwartz O, Shaked-Mishan P, Sorek N, Strauss M, Steinberg R, Treygerman O, Zisman-Rozen S, Yishai R, Tejman-Yarden N, Mendelson E, Sofer D. A Multi-Laboratory Evaluation of Commercial Monkeypox Virus Molecular Tests. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0022523. [PMID: 37140382 PMCID: PMC10269769 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00225-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe the first national scale multi-laboratory evaluation of monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA commercial PCR kits. The objective of this study was to evaluate 2 kits by different diagnostic laboratories across Israel. Ten standardized samples were tested simultaneously using the Novaplex (15 laboratories) and Bio-Speedy (seven laboratories) kits. An in-house assay based on previously published reactions was used as reference. Comparison of the results showed high intra-assay agreement between laboratories, with small variations for most samples. The in-house assay had an analytical detection limit of less than 10 copies per reaction. While the 2 commercial kits were able to detect specimens with low viral loads similarly to the in-house assay, significant differences were observed, in the Cq values and relative fluorescence (RF), between the assays. The RF signal of the in-house and Bio-Speedy assays ranged between 5,000 and 10,000 RFU, while the signal in the Novaplex assay was less than 600 RFU. Due to the kit measurement protocol, the Cq values of the Bio-Speedy kit were 5 to 7.5 cycles lower than those of the in-house assay. On the contrary, the Cq values of the Novaplex kit were significantly higher than those of the in-house assay, with differences of 3 to 5 cycles per sample. Our results suggest that while all assays were similar in their overall sensitivity, direct comparison of Cq values between them may be misleading. To our knowledge, this is the first methodical evaluation of commercial MPX test kits. We therefore anticipate that this study would help diagnostic laboratories in choosing a specific MPX detection assay. IMPORTANCE To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first methodical evaluation of commercial kits designed for Monkeypox virus detection. This was done by performing the same tests using the same sample set in multiple laboratories, simultaneously, on a national scale. It therefore provides important and unique information on the performance of such kits and provides a guideline for choosing the assay of choice for monkeypox virus diagnosis in a standard diagnostic laboratory. It also demonstrates potential complications when trying to compare the results of different assays, even when testing exactly the same samples, under identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oran Erster
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Areej Kabat
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Batya Mannasse
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Virginia Levy
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Assraf
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Roberto Azar
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Haim Ben-Zvi
- Beilinson-Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Olga Bunder
- Shamir Medical Center, Beer Yaacov Zerifin, Israel
| | | | | | - Avi Peretz
- The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Lolu Saleh
- Beilinson-Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Nadav Sorek
- Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Yishai
- Department of Laboratories, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Tejman-Yarden
- Department of Laboratories, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Danit Sofer
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Peris MP, Clusa L, Alonso H, Escolar C, Fortuño B, Rezusta A, Milagro A. Clinical Performance Evaluation of a Rapid Real-Time PCR Assay for Monkeypox Diagnosis: a Retrospective and Comparative Study. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0051023. [PMID: 37191553 PMCID: PMC10269760 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00510-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, the outbreak of an infectious disease in one country can become a worrying health emergency for the whole world. A current example is the 2022 monkeypox virus (mpox) outbreak affecting multiple areas across the world. In this context, strategies to interrupt transmission as soon as possible by identifying cases, clusters, and sources of infection should be developed around the world to prevent these crises. The aim of this retrospective and collaborative study was to perform external clinical validation of the VIASURE monkeypox virus real-time PCR detection kit (CerTest Biotec, Spain) with ready-to-use reagents designed for the rapid detection of mpox. A total of 165 samples with suspected infection were used for this analysis. The standard procedures of the clinical microbiology laboratory of the Miguel Servet University Hospital, using the RealStar Orthopoxvirus PCR kit v1.0 (Altona Diagnostics) and bidirectional Sanger sequencing (STAB VIDA, Caparica, Portugal), were considered reference techniques. Furthermore, a subset of 67 mpox-negative samples and 13 mpox-positive samples were routinely tested for clinical diagnosis of other rash/ulcerative pathologies. Accuracy testing resulted in appropriate clinical validation values, as follows: sensitivity, 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1); specificity, 1 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1); positive predictive value, 1 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1); negative predictive value, 1 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1). The strength of agreement between assays was almost perfect. The added value is the useful support for the specific diagnosis of mpox infections due to the diagnostic specificity data obtained. IMPORTANCE Given that a large number of mpox outbreaks have been reported worldwide since 2022 in countries in which the disease is not endemic, the main concern for clinicians and global health systems should be to develop effective, available, and easy-to-implement diagnostic strategies to interrupt mpox transmission as soon as possible. This retrospective study demonstrates the satisfactory clinical parameters of a commercially available molecular diagnostic kit for routine testing for mpox in clinical diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Peris
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Clusa
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Henar Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Escolar
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Fortuño
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Miguel Servet University Hospital, Microbiology, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Rezusta
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Miguel Servet University Hospital, Microbiology, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Milagro
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Miguel Servet University Hospital, Microbiology, Zaragoza, Spain
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Wang Y, Leng P, Zhou H. Global transmission of monkeypox virus-a potential threat under the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174223. [PMID: 37215147 PMCID: PMC10198437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) cases have increased dramatically worldwide since May 2022. The Atlanta Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta CDC) had reported a total of 85,922 cases as of February 20th, 2023. During the COVID-19 pandemic, MPXV has emerged as a potential public threat. MPXV transmission and prevalence must be closely monitored. In this comprehensive review, we explained the basic characteristics and transmission routes of MPXV, individuals susceptible to it, as well as highlight the impact of the behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) and airline traveling on recent outbreaks of MPXV. We also describe the clinical implications, the prevention of MPXV, and clinical measures of viral detection.
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Sammartino JC, Cassaniti I, Ferrari A, Piralla A, Bergami F, Arena FA, Paolucci S, Rovida F, Lilleri D, Percivalle E, Baldanti F. Characterization of immune response against monkeypox virus in cohorts of infected patients, historic and newly vaccinated subjects. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28778. [PMID: 37212258 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic disease endemic in the rainforest countries of Central and West Africa. Understanding the immune response in zoonosis is fundamental to prevent and contrast viral spreading. MPXV is a close relative of Variola (smallpox) virus and vaccination with vaccinia virus gives approximatively 85% of protection against MPXV. With the emergence of the recent MPXV outbreak, JYNNEOS vaccine has been proposed to individuals at high-risk of exposure. Comparative data on MPXV immune response in vaccinated or infected subjects are still limited. Here we set-up an immunofluorescence method for the evaluation of humoral response elicited by natural infection and healthy vaccinated subjects, including historically smallpox-vaccinated individuals and newly vaccinated subjects. Neutralization assay was also included, and in vaccinated subjects, cell-mediated response was evaluated. We observed that the natural infection produces a strong immune response that can control the disease. In naïve subjects, a second dose boosts the serological response to levels similar to those of the MPXV patients. Last, smallpox-vaccinated controls retain a degree of protection, even after years from vaccination, most visible in the t-cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostics and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferrari
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Piralla
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Bergami
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Adua Arena
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolucci
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Rovida
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostics and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Lilleri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostics and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Algarate S, Bueno J, Crusells MJ, Ara M, Alonso H, Alvarado E, Ducons M, Arnal S, Benito R. Usefulness of Non-Skin Samples in the PCR Diagnosis of Mpox (Monkeypox). Viruses 2023; 15:v15051107. [PMID: 37243193 DOI: 10.3390/v15051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases of mpox have been reported in several European countries, including Spain. Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of serum and nasopharyngeal samples for diagnosis of mpox. The presence of MPXV DNA was studied using real-time PCR (CerTest Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain) in 106 samples from 50 patients: 32 skin, 31 anogenital, 25 sera, and 18 nasopharyngeal/pharyngeal, in the Hospital Clínico Universitario of Zaragoza (Spain). Sixty-three samples from twenty-seven patients were MPXV PCR-positive. The real-time PCR Ct values in the anogenital and skin samples were lower than serum and nasopharyngeal samples. More than 90% of anogenital (95.7%), serum (94.4%), and skin (92.9%) samples were real-time PCR-positive. Eighteen (66.7%) of the twenty-seven patients who were MPXV PCR-positive had antecedents or presented with one to three sexually transmitted infection (STI) agents. Our results indicate that the use of serum samples can help facilitate the diagnosis of MPXV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Algarate
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, Microbiology Department, University of Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jessica Bueno
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J Crusells
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, Microbiology Department, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mariano Ara
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, Microbiology Department, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Henar Alonso
- Microbiology Department, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Alvarado
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ducons
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Arnal
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Benito
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, Microbiology Department, University of Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Chauhan RP, Fogel R, Limson J. Overview of Diagnostic Methods, Disease Prevalence and Transmission of Mpox (Formerly Monkeypox) in Humans and Animal Reservoirs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1186. [PMID: 37317160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mpox-formerly monkeypox-is a re-emerging zoonotic virus disease, with large numbers of human cases reported during multi-country outbreaks in 2022. The close similarities in clinical symptoms that Mpox shares with many orthopoxvirus (OPXV) diseases make its diagnosis challenging, requiring laboratory testing for confirmation. This review focuses on the diagnostic methods used for Mpox detection in naturally infected humans and animal reservoirs, disease prevalence and transmission, clinical symptoms and signs, and currently known host ranges. Using specific search terms, up to 2 September 2022, we identified 104 relevant original research articles and case reports from NCBI-PubMed and Google Scholar databases for inclusion in the study. Our analyses observed that molecular identification techniques are overwhelmingly being used in current diagnoses, especially real-time PCR (3982/7059 cases; n = 41 studies) and conventional PCR (430/1830 cases; n = 30 studies) approaches being most-frequently-used to diagnose Mpox cases in humans. Additionally, detection of Mpox genomes, using qPCR and/or conventional PCR coupled to genome sequencing methods, offered both reliable detection and epidemiological analyses of evolving Mpox strains; identified the emergence and transmission of a novel clade 'hMPXV-1A' lineage B.1 during 2022 outbreaks globally. While a few current serologic assays, such as ELISA, reported on the detection of OPXV- and Mpox-specific IgG (891/2801 cases; n = 17 studies) and IgM antibodies (241/2688 cases; n = 11 studies), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) detected Mpox antibodies in human samples (88/430 cases; n = 6 studies), most other serologic and immunographic assays used were OPXV-specific. Interestingly, virus isolation (228/1259 cases; n = 24 studies), electron microscopy (216/1226 cases; n = 18 studies), and immunohistochemistry (28/40; n = 7 studies) remain useful methods of Mpox detection in humans in select instances using clinical and tissue samples. In animals, OPXV- and Mpox-DNA and antibodies were detected in various species of nonhuman primates, rodents, shrews, opossums, a dog, and a pig. With evolving transmission dynamics of Mpox, information on reliable and rapid detection methods and clinical symptoms of disease is critical for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravendra P Chauhan
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Ronen Fogel
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Janice Limson
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Sohal P, Gupta A, Gupta S, Gupta V, Jain R, Jain R. Monkeypox: another pandemic in the making? Proc AMIA Symp 2023; 36:370-374. [PMID: 37091775 PMCID: PMC10120548 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2188542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which is a member of the Poxviridae family of viruses. It is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with fluid secretions. Initial symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and malaise, followed by a maculopapular rash that starts on the face and progresses centrifugally. Polymerase chain reaction is the preferred laboratory test for the diagnosis, and management is mostly supportive. The clinical presentation of monkeypox is quite similar to that of another member of the Poxviridae family: smallpox, which wreaked havoc in the 20th century, before being eradicated with the help of the vaccinia virus vaccine in 1977. This vaccine protects not only against smallpox but also monkeypox; therefore, when use of this vaccine was discontinued, monkeypox had a new susceptible population to infect and way to proliferate and evolve. Initially the disease spread in Africa, but now the more evolved monkeypox is quickly spreading to other countries. On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization declared this multicountry outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. Given its mutating ability and high transmissibility, we need to quickly devise measures to control this virus before it turns into a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinay Sohal
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Shefali Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS Raebareli, Raebareli, India
| | - Vasu Gupta
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ridhimaa Jain
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre of Excellence-Early Intervention Centre, Lok Nayak Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Centre, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Inada M, Saito S, Tsuzuki S, Okumura N, Sato L, Kamegai K, Sanada M, Komatsubara M, Shimojima M, Ebihara H, Kasuya F, Nagashima M, Sadamasu K, Yamamoto K, Ujiie M, Morioka S, Ohmagari N. Treatment with tecovirimat of the first two cases of monkeypox in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:418-421. [PMID: 36690208 PMCID: PMC9859650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of monkeypox in Europe and North America have been reported since May 2022. At the end of July, we encountered the first two cases of monkeypox diagnosed in Japan. Case 1 was a white man who traveled to Spain where he had sexual intercourse with men. He presented to our hospital with fever, rash, and tiredness, and was diagnosed with monkeypox based on positive PCR test results from the skin lesions. He was admitted to our hospital, received tecovirimat 600 mg twice daily, and was discharged on day 15. Case 2 involved a Japanese man who visited us because of fatigue, muscle pain, headache, and oral ulcers. He was living in New York and traveled to Japan one day before presentation. He had experienced sexual intercourse with men four times during the previous month. The patient was diagnosed with monkeypox based on positive PCR results from the blood. He was admitted to our hospital, received tecovirimat 600 mg twice daily, and was discharged on day 14. These were the first two cases of monkeypox diagnosed in Japan. Based on their history and epidemiology, the viruses seem to have been imported from Europe and North America, respectively. After initiation of tecovirimat, both patients showed mild symptoms and immediate disappearance of viral DNA. The second case was notable for being diagnosed without skin rash. Our report suggests that tecovirimat could decrease the viral load rapidly, and that our prompt diagnosis contributed to the prevention of a monkeypox outbreak in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Inada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Saito
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shinya Tsuzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Okumura
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lubna Sato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamegai
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Sanada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Komatsubara
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Kasuya
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Mami Nagashima
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mugen Ujiie
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Hong KH, Kim GJ, Roh KH, Lee H, Park OK, Kim TS, Kim JS, Lee J, Seong MW, Kim SY, Park JS, Park Y, Huh HJ, Ryoo N, Kim HS, Sung H, Yoo CK. Guidelines for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Monkeypox in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2023; 43:137-144. [PMID: 36281507 PMCID: PMC9618902 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.43.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
While the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is ongoing, monkeypox has been rapidly spreading in non-endemic countries since May 2022. Accurate and rapid laboratory tests are essential for identifying and controlling monkeypox. Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Disease Prevention and Control Agency have proposed guidelines for diagnosing monkeypox in clinical laboratories in Korea. These guidelines cover the type of tests, selection of specimens, collection of specimens, diagnostic methods, interpretation of test results, and biosafety. Molecular tests are recommended as confirmatory tests. Skin lesion specimens are recommended for testing in the symptomatic stage, and the collection of both blood and oropharyngeal swabs is recommended in the presymptomatic or prodromal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ho Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gab Jung Kim
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Kyu Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Park
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | - Younhee Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namhee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheon Kwon Yoo
- Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
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42
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Vatsyayan A, Arvinden VR, Scaria V. Systematic In-Silico Evaluation of the Diagnostic Impact of Mpox Genome Variants in the Current Outbreak. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:275-280. [PMID: 36495397 PMCID: PMC9736716 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The rapid rate at which the current mpox virus outbreak has spread across the globe has led the World Health Organization to declare it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Polymerase chain reaction-based methods are one of the cornerstones for effective molecular detection of viruses including mpox virus. Genetic variants in primer binding sites are known to impact the efficiency of polymerase chain reaction and therefore diagnosis. Here we have analyzed the genetic variants and their impact on efficient binding of oligonucleotides used in diagnostics. METHODS In this study, we have systematically collected primers and probes used in the detection of mpox virus from published literature and public resources, and assessed the impact of primer binding region genetic variants in the detection of mpox virus by analysing the thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energy and melting temperature. These were calculated using the nearest neighbour method for variants in mpox virus genomes available and the deviation in parameters was computed with respect to the reference genome sequence. RESULTS We have identified 170 genetic variations that fall within the oligo binding region in 1176 mpox virus genomes out of which five oligos showed at least a 2 °C decrease in melting temperature, which could potentially affect the diagnostic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows the importance of continuous monitoring of mpox virus detection primer efficacy and provides the list of oligos with potentially reduced detection efficiency in the current mpox virus outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Vatsyayan
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V R Arvinden
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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43
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Lim EY, Whitehorn J, Rivett L. Monkeypox: a review of the 2022 outbreak. Br Med Bull 2023; 145:17-29. [PMID: 36751952 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In May 2022, the World Health Organisation declared a multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries following cases reported from 12 member states that were not endemic for monkeypox virus. SOURCES OF DATA Pubmed search. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The virology, epidemiology, transmission, incubation and aspects of infection control are described. Clinical features of previous and current outbreaks are described, with growing observations that the current outbreak presents with clinical features distinct from previous outbreaks. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY There are variations in clinical presentations seen in the current outbreak that have not been seen in prior outbreaks. More research is needed to investigate the reasons for these differences. GROWING POINTS The higher numbers of HIV-positive patients in the current outbreak has allowed better description of the disease in patients co-infected with HIV and monkeypox. The absence of more severe symptoms in HIV-positive patients in the current outbreak could possibly be due to the fact that most of these patients had well-controlled HIV, although further characterization of this cohort of patients would be useful. AREAS FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Current treatment and vaccination options have been extrapolated from studies of other Orthopox viruses. There remains a need for more data on the safety and efficacy of these options in the context of monkeypox infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Y Lim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James Whitehorn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England, Cambridge CB21 5XA, UK
| | - Lucy Rivett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England, Cambridge CB21 5XA, UK
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Mills MG, Juergens KB, Gov JP, McCormick CJ, Sampoleo R, Kachikis A, Amory JK, Fang FC, Pérez-Osorio AC, Lieberman NA, Greninger AL. Evaluation and clinical validation of monkeypox (mpox) virus real-time PCR assays. J Clin Virol 2023; 159:105373. [PMID: 36603329 PMCID: PMC9783225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spring of 2022, an outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) spread worldwide. Here, we describe performance characteristics of monkeypox virus (MPXV)-specific and pan-orthopoxvirus qPCR assays for clinical use. METHODS We validated probe-based qPCR assays targeting MPXV-specific loci F3L and G2R (genes MPXVgp052/OPG065 and MPXVgp002 and gp190/OPG002, respectively) and a pan-orthopoxvirus assay targeting the E9L locus (MPXVgp057/OPG071). Clinical samples and synthetic controls were extracted using the Roche MP96 or Promega Maxwell 48 instrument. qPCR was performed on the AB7500 thermocycler. Synthetic control DNA and high concentration clinical samples were quantified by droplet PCR. Cross-reactivity was evaluated for camelpox and cowpox genomic DNA, vaccinia culture supernatant, and HSV- and VZV-positive clinical specimens. We also tested the performance of the F3L assay using dry swabs, Aptima vaginal and rectal swabs, nasopharyngeal, rectal, and oral swabs, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, whole blood, breastmilk, urine, saliva, and semen. RESULTS The MPXV-F3L assay is reproducible at a limit of detection (LoD) of 65.6 copies/mL of viral DNA in viral transport medium/universal transport medium (VTM/UTM), or 3.3 copies/PCR reaction. No cross-reactivity with herpesviruses or other poxviruses was observed. MPXV-F3L detects MPXV DNA in alternative specimen types, with an LoD ranging between 260-1000 copies/mL, or 5.7-10 copies/PCR reaction. In clinical swab VTM specimens, MPXV-F3L and MPXV-G2R assays outperformed OPXV-E9L by an average of 2.4 and 2.8 Cts, respectively. MPXV-G2R outperformed MPXV-F3L by 0.4 Cts, consistent with presence of two copies of G2R present in labile inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of MPXV genome. CONCLUSIONS MPXV is readily detected by qPCR using three clinically validated assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G. Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kate B. Juergens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jolene P. Gov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carter J. McCormick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Reigran Sampoleo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alisa Kachikis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - John K. Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ferric C. Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ailyn C. Pérez-Osorio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nicole A.P. Lieberman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alexander L. Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA,Corresponding author
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45
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Joy BK, Donovan AL, McCracken GR, Pettipas J, Grudeski E, Majer A, Mandes R, Booth TF, Hatchette TF, Patriquin G, LeBlanc JJ. Hunting for mpox (monkeypox) mimickers: Use of the Biofire meningitis/encephalitis panel on lesion swabs to support alternative viral diagnoses. J Clin Virol 2023; 159:105356. [PMID: 36608619 PMCID: PMC9789924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is an emerging zoonotic disease of public health concern that presents as a rash mimicking other common viral exanthems. Unlike traditional testing algorithms relying on several assays, the BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel simultaneously detects common viruses causing rashes; however, Biofire ME is only licensed for testing on cerebral spinal fluid. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated use of the Biofire ME panel for detection and discrimination of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human herpesviruses type 6 (HHV-6), enteroviruses (EVs), and human paraechoviruses (HPeVs) from a dermal or mucocutaneous swabs collected in universal transport media (UTM). STUDY DESIGN Results of the BioFire ME panel were compared against methods used during clinical testing. Ten-fold serial dilutions in UTM of cultured viruses were used to compare analytical sensitivity, and analytical specificity was assessed using panels of microorganisms in UTM. Clinical sensitivity and specificity were assessed using 20 positive specimens each for HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-6, VZV, EVs, and HPeV, as well as 35 known negative specimens that included 15 mpox-positive specimens. RESULTS Biofire ME was as sensitive as comparator methods, and correctly discriminated all HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, HHV-6, EVs, and HPeVs from mpox and mpox-mimickers. Cross-reaction between EV and rhinoviruses A, B, and C were noted in the specificity panel. CONCLUSIONS Swabs in UTM collected for mpox testing are suitable for use on the Biofire ME panel, allowing more streamlined diagnostic testing for viral exanthems in patients under investigation for mpox infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn K. Joy
- Medical Sciences Program, Faculty of Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alexis L. Donovan
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RSCI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gregory R. McCracken
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Janice Pettipas
- Nova Scotia Provincial Public Health Laboratory Network (PPHLN), Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elsie Grudeski
- Enteroviruses and Enteric Viruses Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anna Majer
- Enteroviruses and Enteric Viruses Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Russell Mandes
- Enteroviruses and Enteric Viruses Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tim F. Booth
- Enteroviruses and Enteric Viruses Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Todd F. Hatchette
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Glenn Patriquin
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jason J. LeBlanc
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Corresponding author at: Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health (NSH), Room 404B, MacKenzie Building, 5788 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1V8, Canada
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46
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Wu F, Oghuan J, Gitter A, Mena KD, Brown EL. Wide mismatches in the sequences of primers and probes for monkeypox virus diagnostic assays. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28395. [PMID: 36504122 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections is fundamental to containment of disease. Several monkeypox virus (MPV) real-time diagnostic assays have been recommended by the CDC; however, the specificity of the primers and probes in these assays for the ongoing MPV outbreak has not been investigated. We analyzed the primer and probe sequences present in the CDC recommended MPV generic real-time PCR assay by aligning those sequences against 1730 MPV complete genomes reported in 2022 worldwide. Sequence mismatches were found in 99.08% and 97.46% of genomes for the MPV generic forward and reverse primers, respectively. Mismatch-corrected primers were synthetized and compared to the generic assay for MPV detection. Results showed that the two primer-template mismatches resulted in a ~11-fold underestimation of initial template DNA in the reaction and 4-fold increase in the 95% LOD. We further evaluated the specificity of seven other real-time PCR assays used for MPV and orthopoxvirus (OPV) detection and identified two assays with the highest matching score (>99.6%) to the global MPV genome database in 2022. Genetic variations in the primer-probe regions across MPV genomes could indicate the temporal and spatial emergence pattern of monkeypox disease. Our results show that the current MPV real-time generic assay may not be optimal to accurately detect MPV, and the mismatch-corrected assay with full complementarity between primers and current MPV genomes could provide a more sensitive and accurate detection of MPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremiah Oghuan
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Gitter
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristina D Mena
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric L Brown
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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47
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Chen Q, Gul I, Liu C, Lei Z, Li X, Raheem MA, He Q, Haihui Z, Leeansyah E, Zhang CY, Pandey V, Du K, Qin P. CRISPR-Cas12-based field-deployable system for rapid detection of synthetic DNA sequence of the monkeypox virus genome. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28385. [PMID: 36478250 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) highlights the need for rapid and cost-effective MPXV detection tools to effectively monitor and control the monkeypox disease. Herein, we demonstrated a portable CRISPR-Cas-based system for naked-eye detection of MPXV. The system harnesses the high selectivity of CRISPR-Cas12 and the isothermal nucleic acid amplification potential of recombinase polymerase amplification. It can detect both the current circulating MPXV clade and the original clades. We reached a limit of detection (LoD) of 22.4 aM (13.5 copies/µl) using a microtiter plate reader, while the visual LoD of the system is 75 aM (45 copies/µl) in a two-step assay, which is further reduced to 25 aM (15 copies/µl) in a one-pot system. We compared our results with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and obtained satisfactory consistency. For clinical application, we demonstrated a sensitive and precise visual detection method with attomolar sensitivity and a sample-to-answer time of 35 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Changyue Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Lei
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad A Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Qian He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Haihui
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Can Y Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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48
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Pond MJ, Al-Mufti J, Madona P, Crone MA, Laing KG, Hale RS, Muir D, Randell P. Mpox infection investigation using multiplexed syndromic diagnostics: Evaluation of an AusDiagnostics multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) syndromic panel. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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49
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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Laboratory Diagnosis for Monkeypox: Clinical Practice and Important Points to Be Recognized. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:13-20. [PMID: 36396924 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a unique variety of pox infection. WHO has already acknowledged the seriousness of the large monkeypox outbreak in 2022. The disease commonly presents as acute febrile illness with skin lesion. However, a fever or a skin lesion, however, is sometimes not detectable. Without the peculiar appearance, the physician might have missed the problem and made a false diagnosis. Basically, the clinical diagnosis is the simplest procedure and must be used by practitioners. Laboratory methods can help confirm diagnosis. The gold standard for diagnosis is the molecular-based diagnosis. There are also other available approaches such as point of care testing. In this article, we also summarize and discuss important practical points in laboratory diagnosis for monkeypox.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Joseph Ayobabalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Nigeria
- Dr DY Patil University, Pune, India
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50
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Paniz-Mondolfi A, Guerra S, Muñoz M, Luna N, Hernandez MM, Patino LH, Reidy J, Banu R, Shrestha P, Liggayu B, Umeaku A, Chen F, Cao L, Patel A, Hanna A, Li S, Look A, Pagani N, Albrecht R, Pearl R, Garcia-Sastre A, Bogunovic D, Palacios G, Bonnier L, Cera F, Lopez H, Calderon Y, Eiting E, Mullen K, Shin SJ, Lugo LA, Urbina AE, Starks C, Koo T, Uychiat P, Look A, van Bakel H, Gonzalez-Reiche A, Betancourt AF, Reich D, Cordon-Cardo C, Simon V, Sordillo EM, Ramírez JD. Evaluation and validation of an RT-PCR assay for specific detection of monkeypox virus (MPXV). J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28247. [PMID: 36271493 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus within the Poxviridae family. MPXV is endemic to Central and West Africa. However, the world is currently witnessing an international outbreak with no clear epidemiological links to travel or animal exposure and with ever-increasing numbers of reported cases worldwide. Here, we evaluated and validated a new, sensitive, and specific real-time PCR-assay for MPXV diagnosis in humans and compare the performance of this novel assay against a Food & Drug Administration-cleared pan-Orthopox RT-PCR assay. We determined specificity, sensitivity, and analytic performance of the PKamp™ Monkeypox Virus RT-PCR assay targeting the viral F3L-gene. In addition, we further evaluated MPXV-PCR-positive specimens by viral culture, electron microscopy, and viral inactivation assays. The limit of detection was established at 7.2 genome copies/reaction, and MPXV was successfully identified in 20 clinical specimens with 100% correlation against the reference method with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Our results demonstrated the validity of this rapid, robust, and reliable RT-PCR assay for specific and accurate diagnosis of MPXV infection in human specimens collected both as dry swabs and in viral transport media. This assay has been approved by NYS Department of Health for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susana Guerra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Luna
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Matthew M Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luz H Patino
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Reidy
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Radhika Banu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paras Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bernadette Liggayu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Audrey Umeaku
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liyong Cao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Armi Patel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ayman Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunny Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andy Look
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Pagani
- Department of Biotechnology Laboratory Sciences, Valencia College, Orlando, Florida, USA.,Infectious Diseases Research Branch, Venezuelan Science Incubator and The Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Cabudare, Lara, Venezuela
| | - Randy Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Pearl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lucia Bonnier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Freddy Cera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heidi Lopez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yvette Calderon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erick Eiting
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karr Mullen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sangyoon Jason Shin
- Department of Medicine, Ambulatory Care, The Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery (CTMS) of Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luz Amarilis Lugo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonio E Urbina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlotta Starks
- Mount Sinai Institute for Advanced Medicine, Jack Martin Fund Clinic and Comprehensive Health Clinic, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tonny Koo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patricia Uychiat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai West, New York, New York, USA
| | - Avery Look
- Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adolfo Firpo Betancourt
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Reich
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilia M Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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