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Bahia W, Soltani I, Abidi A, Mahdhi A, Mastouri M, Ferchichi S, Almawi WY. Structural impact, ligand-protein interactions, and molecular phenotypic effects of TGF-β1 gene variants: In silico analysis with implications for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Gene 2024; 922:148565. [PMID: 38762014 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease resulting in progressively deteriorating lung function. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) belongs to the TGF superfamily and exerts a profibrotic role in promoting lung fibrosis by facilitating fibroblast infiltration and activity, extracellular matrix deposition, and inhibition of collagen breakdown, thus promoting tissue remodelling and IPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the link between pathogenic TGF-β1 SNPs and IPF pathogenesis and the structure-activity functional consequences of those SNPs on the TGF-β1 protein. Several computational algorithms were merged to address the functional consequences of TGF-β1 gene mutations to protein stability, putative post-translational modification sites, ligand-protein interactions, and molecular phenotypic effects. These included FATHMM, POLYPHEN2, PROVEAN, and SIFT tools (identifying deleterious nsSNPs in the TGF-β1 gene), along with Pmut, PhD-SNP, SNAP, MutPred and the related TMHMM, MARCOIL, and DisProt algorithms (predicting structural disorders). INPS-MD was also used to evaluate the mutation-induced TGF-β1 protein's stability and MODPRED for recognition of post-translational TGF-β1 modification. RESULTS In total, 14 major pathogenic variants markedly impact the destabilization of the TGF-β1 protein, with most of these high-risk mutations associated with decreased stability of the TGF-β1 protein as per the I-Mutant, MUpro, and INPS-MD tools. R205W, R185W, R180Q, D86Y, and I300T variants were proposed to participate in the post-translational modifications, thus affecting affect protein-ligand interactions. Furthermore, at-risk genetic variants appear to target conserved regions in the alpha helices, random coils, and extracellular loops, resulting in a varied composition of amino acids, charge, hydrophobicity, and spatial architecture. CONCLUSIONS This study manuscript comprehensively analyzes gene variants within the TGF-β1 gene, offering novel insights into their structural and functional implications in interacting with target sites. This study is significant for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches for patients with inflammatory lung diseases such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Bahia
- Research Unit of Clinical and Molecular Biology (UR17ES29), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ismael Soltani
- Research Unit of Clinical and Molecular Biology (UR17ES29), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Anouar Abidi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, la Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, High Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Abdelkarim Mahdhi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salima Ferchichi
- Research Unit of Clinical and Molecular Biology (UR17ES29), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Jamshidi Naeini A, Sheibani M, Gholamine B, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin and oral diseases: possible therapeutic roles based on cellular mechanisms. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:487-503. [PMID: 38607587 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral cancer, periodontitis, and mucositis are the major challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. These conditions often involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired cellular processes, leading to symptoms ranging from discomfort to severe debilitation. Conventional treatments for such oral diseases exhibit constraints, prompting the investigation of innovative therapeutic approaches. Considering the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects of melatonin, this study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin in mitigating the severity of oral diseases. Studies indicate that melatonin influences the differentiation of periodontal stem cells, inhibits oral cancer progression, reduces inflammation associated with periodontitis, and alleviates the severity of oral mucositis. Melatonin has demonstrated potential efficacy in both preclinical and clinical investigations; however, findings are frequently heterogeneous and contingent upon contextual factors. This review provides a comprehensiveoverview of current state of knowledge in this domain, elucidating the multifaceted role that melatonin may assume in combatingoral diseases. Further research should be directed toward determining the most effective dosing, timing, and administration methods for melatonin-based therapies for oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi Naeini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Gholamine
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen PC, Yen MH, Hsiao SY, Kao WC, Wang MT, Chiou PC, Chao CC. Melatonin prevents pulmonary fibrosis caused by PM 2.5 exposure by targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 487:116949. [PMID: 38688425 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular matrix, scar tissue formation, and tissue stiffness. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEII) play a critical role in repairing lung tissue after injury, and repeated injury to these cells is a key factor in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Chronic exposure to PM2.5, a type of air pollution, has been shown to increase the incidence and severity of pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the activation of EMT in lung epithelial cells. Melatonin, a hormone with antioxidant properties, has been shown to prevent EMT and reduce fibrosis in previous studies. However, the mechanism through which melatonin targets EMT to prevent pulmonary fibrosis caused by PM2.5 exposure has not been extensively discussed before. In this current study, we found that melatonin effectively prevented pulmonary fibrosis caused by prolonged exposure to PM2.5 by targeting EMT. The study demonstrated changes in cellular morphology and expression of EMT markers. Furthermore, the cell migratory potential induced by prolonged exposure to PM2.5 was greatly reduced by melatonin treatment. Finally, in vivo animal studies showed reduced EMT markers and improved pulmonary function. These findings suggest that melatonin has potential clinical use for the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Translational medicine center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Yen
- Department of Chest Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Kao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ting Wang
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chen Chiou
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Chao
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Khafaji AWM, Al-Zubaidy AAK, Farhood IG, Salman HR. Ameliorative effects of topical ramelteon on imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03017-7. [PMID: 38446218 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a long-lasting, immune-related inflammatory skin disease that affects 2-3% of the global population. It is distinguished by erythematous, silvery, and scaly patches. Ramelteon is a type of melatonin agonist that is used to treat insomnia. It has enhanced non-classical immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the study is to assess the ameliorative effects of topical ramelteon on imiquimod (IMQ)-aggravated psoriasiform-like dermatosis in mice. The 32 albino mouse males were placed into six groups of eight animals, all of them. With the exception of the control group, all groups gained a once-a-day regimen of topical imiquimod 5% cream at a dose of 62.5 mg for eight uninterrupted days, while mice in the control group gained vaseline-based ointment alternately. Immediately after an 8-day induction period in the imiquimod group, mice in the clobetasol and ramelteon treatment groups obtained a twice-daily regimen of topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment and 0.1% ointment, respectively, for a further 8 days. This extends the total duration of the experimental study to 16 continuous days. The findings of our study found that ramelteon significantly mitigated the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the skin tissue, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as the scores associated with psoriatic lesions, including erythema, scaling, skin thickening, ear thickness, and overall cumulative PASI scores. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory impact of ramelteon was achieved by markedly increasing IL-10 levels in the skin tissue and correcting cutaneous histopathological alterations. Ramelteon ointment (0.1%) was comparable to that of clobetasol (0.05%) ointment in alleviating a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation; this is probably due to its potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, ramelteon could be a good additive option for therapeutic management of immune-triggered inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iqbal Ghalib Farhood
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayder Ridha Salman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University, 510001, Hillah, Iraq
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Hosseinzadeh A, Pourhanifeh MH, Amiri S, Sheibani M, Irilouzadian R, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Therapeutic potential of melatonin in targeting molecular pathways of organ fibrosis. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:25-50. [PMID: 37995089 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the excessive deposition of fibrous connective tissue in an organ in response to injury, is a pathological condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Fibrosis causes the failure of tissue function and is largely irreversible as the disease progresses. Pharmacologic treatment options for organ fibrosis are limited, but studies suggest that antioxidants, particularly melatonin, can aid in preventing and controlling fibrotic damage to the organs. Melatonin, an indole nocturnally released from the pineal gland, is commonly used to regulate circadian and seasonal biological rhythms and is indicated for treating sleep disorders. While it is often effective in treating sleep disorders, melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also make it a promising molecule for treating other disorders such as organ fibrosis. Melatonin ameliorates the necrotic and apoptotic changes that lead to fibrosis in various organs including the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. Moreover, melatonin reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells during fibrosis development. This article outlines the protective effects of melatonin against fibrosis, including its safety and potential therapeutic effects. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of data accumulated to date and to encourage further experimentation with melatonin and increase its use as an anti-fibrotic agent in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shiva Amiri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Irilouzadian
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dwivedi J, Wal P, Dash B, Ovais M, Sachan P, Verma V. Diabetic Pneumopathy- A Novel Diabetes-associated Complication: Pathophysiology, the Underlying Mechanism and Combination Medication. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1027-1052. [PMID: 37817659 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303265960230926113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "diabetic lung" has been identified as a possible target organ in diabetes, with abnormalities in ventilation control, bronchomotor tone, lung volume, pulmonary diffusing capacity, and neuroadrenergic bronchial innervation. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes studies related to diabetic pneumopathy, pathophysiology and a number of pulmonary disorders including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Electronic searches were conducted on databases such as Pub Med, Wiley Online Library (WOL), Scopus, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using standard keywords "diabetes," "diabetes Pneumopathy," "Pathophysiology," "Lung diseases," "lung infection" for review articles published between 1978 to 2023 very few previous review articles based their focus on diabetic pneumopathy and its pathophysiology. RESULTS Globally, the incidence of diabetes mellitus has been rising. It is a chronic, progressive metabolic disease. The "diabetic lung" may serve as a model of accelerated ageing since diabetics' rate of respiratory function deterioration is two to three-times higher than that of normal, non-smoking people. CONCLUSION Diabetes-induced pulmonary dysfunction has not gained the attention it deserves due to a lack of proven causality and changes in cellular properties. The mechanism underlying a particular lung illness can still only be partially activated by diabetes but there is evidence that hyperglycemia is linked to pulmonary fibrosis in diabetic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Dwivedi
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Biswajit Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, ADAMAS University, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Pranjal Sachan
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
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7
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Hanyu F, Zheng H, Jiaqi W, Tairan D, Yiyuanzi Z, Qiwen Y, Ying L, Hongchun Z, Lu L. Protective effects and mechanism of curcumin in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1258885. [PMID: 37900163 PMCID: PMC10613035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1258885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: At present, there is a lack of effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and a number of studies have confirmed that curcumin (CUR) has a good effect on PF. Research Qusetion: Is CUR effective in preclinical trials for PF and what is its mechanism of action? Methods: Animal reports of PF treated with CUR were searched from Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from 1 January 2000 to 19 April 2023 to compare CUR treatment of PF with a no-intervention model group. A previous registration (nsply registration number: INPLASY202360084) of this review protocol was undertaken. Results: The meta-analysis included 27 publications and 29 studies involving 396 animals. CUR significantly improved the degree of fibrosis, levels of inflammation, and oxidative imbalances in lung tissue in animal models of PF. In terms fibrosis, such as HYP content (SMD = -4.96; 95% CI = -6.05 to -3.87; p = 0.000).In terms of inflammatory indicators, such as MPO activity (SMD = -2.12; 95% CI = -4.93 to 0.69; p = 0.000). In terms of oxidation index, such as MDA (SMD = -5.63; 95% CI = -9.66 to -1.6; p = 0.000). Conclusion: CUR significantly improved the degree of fibrosis, levels of inflammation, and oxidative imbalances in lung tissue in animal models of PF. Due to the quantitative and qualitative limitations of current research, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hanyu
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jiaqi
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Tairan
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yiyuanzi
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Qiwen
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Ying
- The Second Health and Medical Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Hongchun
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Jining Hospital of Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Jining, Shandong, China
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Ali T, Rogala S, Krause NM, Bains JK, Melissari MT, Währisch S, Schwalbe H, Herrmann B, Grote P. Fendrr synergizes with Wnt signalling to regulate fibrosis related genes during lung development via its RNA:dsDNA triplex element. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6227-6237. [PMID: 37207329 PMCID: PMC10325902 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs are a very versatile class of molecules that can have important roles in regulating a cells function, including regulating other genes on the transcriptional level. One of these mechanisms is that RNA can directly interact with DNA thereby recruiting additional components such as proteins to these sites via an RNA:dsDNA triplex formation. We genetically deleted the triplex forming sequence (FendrrBox) from the lncRNA Fendrr in mice and found that this FendrrBox is partially required for Fendrr function in vivo. We found that the loss of the triplex forming site in developing lungs causes a dysregulation of gene programs associated with lung fibrosis. A set of these genes contain a triplex site directly at their promoter and are expressed in lung fibroblasts. We biophysically confirmed the formation of an RNA:dsDNA triplex with target promoters in vitro. We found that Fendrr with the Wnt signalling pathway regulates these genes, implicating that Fendrr synergizes with Wnt signalling in lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Ali
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha13518, Egypt
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Sandra Rogala
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Nina M Krause
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Jasleen Kaur Bains
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Sandra Währisch
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Herrmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Phillip Grote
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
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Ahmed S, Mansour M, Ishak RAH, Mortada ND. Customizable Resveratrol Spray-dried Micro-composites for Inhalation as a Promising Contender for Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Pharm 2023:123117. [PMID: 37315636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed tremendous expansion in utilization of plant-derived medicines as resveratrol (RES) in treating several diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). RES can exhibit its role in treating IPF via its outstanding antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The goal of this work was to formulate RES-loaded spray-dried composite microparticles (SDCMs) suitable for pulmonary delivery via dry powder inhaler (DPI). They were prepared by spray drying of a previously prepared RES-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) dispersion using different carriers. RES-loaded BSA NPs, prepared by the desolvation technique, acquired suitable particle size of 177.67±0.95 nm and entrapment efficiency of 98.7±0.35% with perfectly uniform size distribution and high stability. Considering the attributes of the pulmonary route, NPs were co-spray dried with compatible carriers viz. mannitol, dextran, trehalose, leucine, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid to fabricate SDCMs. All formulations showed suitable mass median aerodynamic diameter less than 5 µm; that is suitable for deep lung deposition. However, the best aerosolization behavior was attained from using leucine with fine particle fraction (FPF) of 75.74%, followed by glycine with FPF of 54.7%. Finally, a pharmacodynamic study was conducted on bleomycin-induced mice, and it strongly revealed the role of the optimized formulations in alleviating PF through suppressing the levels of hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor-α and matrix metalloproteinase-9 with obvious improvements in the treated lung histopathology. These findings indicate that in addition to leucine, the glycine amino acid, which is not commonly used yet, is very promising in the formulation of DPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Postal Code 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Postal Code 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania A H Ishak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Postal Code 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nahed D Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Postal Code 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Vorster M. Gallium-68 Labelled Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging Inflammatory Disorders. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:199-212. [PMID: 36270829 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important component of several chronic and debilitating diseases that result in significant morbidity and mortality. This is best evidenced within the cardiovascular system where it may manifest as atherosclerosis or myocarditis, and at the extreme end of the spectrum as myocardial infarction, ventricular remodeling, or cardiac failure. Early non-invasive detection and monitoring of inflammation in these and other settings may better guide patient management with resultant improved outcomes. Key role players in inflammation pathophysiology include chemokines, macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, integrins, and reactive oxygen species, amongst others. Examples of receptor expression and over-expression include somatostatin receptors, CXCR4-, folate-, mannose-, TSPO- receptors and secretion of various vascular adhesion molecules (such as VCAM and ICAM). Gallium-68-based PET offers imaging possibilities for nearly all the major pathophysiological role players in inflammation, with mounting recent interest in macrophage differentiation, various forms of receptor expression and secretion of chemokines and vascular adhesion molecules. The advantages in terms of logistics and costs of having generator-produced PET probes available is well known, and a 68Ga-based tracer provides easily translatable theranostic possibilities to especially Lu-177. Some of the more versatile and better validated Ga-68-based inflammation probes include 68Ga-DOTA-TATE/NOC/TOC, 68Ga-NOTA-RGD, 68Ga-CXCR4, 68Ga-citrate and 68Ga-FAPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Vorster
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Berea, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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11
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Gaun S, Ali SA, Singh P, Patwa J, Flora SJS, Datusalia AK. Melatonin ameliorates chronic copper-induced lung injury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:24949-24962. [PMID: 35359208 PMCID: PMC8970640 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an important trace element required for several biological processes. The use of copper is increasing gradually in several applications. Previous studies suggest that excess levels of copper are attributed to induce oxidative stress and inflammation, mediating tissue damage. Inline, melatonin the hormone of darkness has been reported to exhibit various therapeutic effects including strong free radical scavenging properties and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its effects against pulmonary injury promoted by copper are not explored and remain unclear so far. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of melatonin against copper-induced lung damage. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 250 ppm of copper in drinking water for 16 weeks and treated with melatonin (i.p.) 5 and 10 mg/kg from the week (13-16th). The extent of tissue damage was assessed by tissue oxidative stress parameters, metal estimation and histological analysis. Copper-challenged rats showed altered oxidative stress variables. In addition, metal analysis revealed increased copper accumulation in the lungs and histological staining results further indicated severe tissue injury and inflammatory cell infiltration in copper-exposed rats. To this side, treatment with melatonin showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities evidenced by reduced oxidative stress, tissue inflammation and collagen deposition as compared to copper-exposed animals. Moreover, spectral findings suggested melatonin treatment modulated the frequency sift, as compared to copper-challenged animals. Altogether, the present results suggest that melatonin might play a potential role in preventing copper-induced lung aberrations via inhibiting the ROS-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gaun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit campus, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - Syed Afroz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit campus, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit campus, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - Jayant Patwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit campus, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit campus, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit campus, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India.
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit campus, Lucknow, U.P., 226002, India.
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12
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Zhou C, Ding Y, Yu L, Nie Y, Yang M. Melatonin regulates proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of trophoblasts in preeclampsia by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13585. [PMID: 35716034 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Clinical evidence indicated the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), and the regulatory role of melatonin (MT) in ERS. This study aims to explore the possible effect and mechanism of MT on ERS and on the infiltration of trophoblasts in PE. METHODS The serum expression levels of MT and GRP78 in pregnant women with PE were measured. The cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of trophoblasts were also determined. The trophoblast cell infiltration in placenta tissues was detected in EVOS image system. The expressions of ERS related proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and western blot. KEY RESULTS The PE-serum treatment on HTR-8/SVneo cells led to activated ERS and suppressed cell biological functions. PE mouse models after MT treatment or 4-PBA treatment had reduced blood pressure, proteinuria, apoptosis and increased foetus and placenta weight, in addition to enhanced cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS In vivo and in vitro evidence demonstrated MT can simultaneously suppress ERS and ASK1/JNK signal pathway in PE to promote the infiltration of trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Hosseinzadeh A, Bagherifard A, Koosha F, Amiri S, Karimi-Behnagh A, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin effect on platelets and coagulation: Implications for a prophylactic indication in COVID-19. Life Sci 2022; 307:120866. [PMID: 35944663 PMCID: PMC9356576 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is associated with the dynamic changes in coagulation parameters. Coagulopathy is considered as a major extra-pulmonary risk factor for severity and mortality of COVID-19; patients with elevated levels of coagulation biomarkers have poorer in-hospital outcomes. Oxidative stress, alterations in the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, development of the cytokine storm and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) enzyme malfunction and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance are among other mechanisms suggested to be involved in the coagulopathy induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The activity and function of coagulation factors are reported to have a circadian component. Melatonin, a multipotential neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland exclusively at night, regulates the cytokine system and the coagulation cascade in infections such as those caused by coronaviruses. Herein, we review the mechanisms and beneficial effects of melatonin against coagulopathy induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Transcriptome Classification Reveals Molecular Subgroups in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:7448481. [PMID: 35919036 PMCID: PMC9308534 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7448481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of progressive lung fibrosis with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to uncover the underlying molecular features for different types of IPF. IPF microarray datasets were retrieved from GEO databases. Weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) was used and identified subgroup-specific WGCNA modules. Infiltration-level immune cells in different subgroups of microenvironments were analyzed with CIBERSORT algorithms. The result is we classified 173 IPF cases into two subgroups based on gene expression profiles, which were retrieved from the GEO databases. The SGRQ score and age were significantly higher in C2 than in C1. Using WGCNA, five subgroup-specific modules were identified. M4 was mainly enriched by MAPK signaling, which was mainly expressed in C2; M1, M2, and M3 were mainly enriched by metabolic pathways and Chemokine signaling, and the pathway of M5 was phagosome inflammation; M1, M2, M3, and M5 were mainly expressed in C1. Utilizing the CIBERSORT, we showed that the number of M1 macrophage cells, CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and Plasma cells was significantly different between C1 and C2. We found the molecular subgroups of IPF revealed that cases from different subgroups may have their unique patterns and provide novel information to understand the mechanisms of IPF itself.
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Kang JY, Xu MM, Sun Y, Ding ZX, Wei YY, Zhang DW, Wang YG, Shen JL, Wu HM, Fei GH. Melatonin attenuates LPS-induced pyroptosis in acute lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3-GSDMD pathway via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108782. [PMID: 35468366 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is featured by intensive inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, which lead to cytokine storms and pyroptosis. Here, we aimed to investigate whether melatonin was capable of alleviating LPS-induced ALI via activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling axis and inhibiting pyroptosis. Mice were injected with melatonin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for consecutive five days before LPS instillation intratracheally, and human alveolar epithelial cell (AECⅡ) A549 cell lines and murine macrophages Raw264.7 cell lines were pretreated with melatonin (400 μM) before LPS (10 μg/ml) stimulation. The result demonstrated that LPS induced obvious lung injury characterized by alveolar damage, neutrophil infiltration and lung edema as well as the reduction of the survival rate of mice, which were totally reversed by melatonin pretreatment. Mechanistically, melatonin pretreatment activated nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor (Nrf) 2 signaling, subsequently, drove antioxidant pathways including significant increases in the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, Mn-SOD and Catalase in vivo and in vitro. Simultaneously, melatonin inhibited ROS and MDA overproduction, iNOS expression as well as TNF-α and IL-1β expression and release. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited LPS-induced pyroptosis by reversing the overexpression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD-N, as well as LDH release and TUNEL-positive cells in A549 cells and Raw264.7 cells. Overall, the current study suggests that melatonin exerts protective roles on LPS-induced ALI and pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3-GSDMD pathway via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Meng Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue-Guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Long Shen
- Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Geriatric Institute, Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Li L, Gang X, Wang J, Gong X. Role of melatonin in respiratory diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:271. [PMID: 35251337 PMCID: PMC8892605 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochao Gang
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Gong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Okeke ES, Ogugofor MO, Nkwoemeka NE, Nweze EJ, Okoye CO. Phytomelatonin: a potential phytotherapeutic intervention on COVID-19-exposed individuals. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104886. [PMID: 34534695 PMCID: PMC8440003 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that originated in higher plants with many diverse actions and is primarily an antioxidant. The recent identification and advancement of phytomelatonin unraveled the potential of this modulatory molecule being considered a new plant hormone, suggesting its relevance in treating respiratory infections, including COVID-19. Besides, this molecule is also involved in multiple hormonal, physiological, and biological processes at different levels of cell organization and has been marked for its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and prominent antioxidant effects, reducing mitochondrial electron leakage, up-regulating antioxidant enzymes, acting as a free radical scavenger, and interfering with pro-inflammatory signaling pathways as seen in mood swings, body temperature, sleep, cancer, cardiac rhythms, and immunological regulation modulators. However, due to its diversity, availability, affordability, convenience, and high safety profile, phytomelatonin has also been suggested as a natural adjuvant. This review discussed the origin, content in various plant species, processes of extraction, and detection and therapeutic potentials of phytomelatonin in treating COVID-19-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, SGS, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria; School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martins Obinna Ogugofor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Coal City University, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ndidi Ethel Nkwoemeka
- Natural Science Unit, SGS, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ekene John Nweze
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, PR China; Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Estornut C, Milara J, Bayarri MA, Belhadj N, Cortijo J. Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794997. [PMID: 35126133 PMCID: PMC8815729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and in different clinical trials. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of IPF and its underlying mechanisms as well as the evidence of oxidative stress in human IPF. Finally, we analyze the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the current status of different drugs developed to inhibit the oxidative stress as anti-fibrotic therapy in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nada Belhadj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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Zheng P, Sun S, Wang J, Cheng ZJ, Lei KC, Xue M, Zhang T, Huang H, Zhang XD, Sun B. Integrative omics analysis identifies biomarkers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:66. [PMID: 35015148 PMCID: PMC11075137 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by chronic progressive pulmonary fibrosis and a poor prognosis. Genetic studies, including transcriptomic and proteomics, have provided new insight into revealing mechanisms of IPF. Herein we provided a novel strategy to identify biomarkers by integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of IPF patients. We examined the landscape of IPF patients' gene expression in the transcription and translation phases and investigated the expression and functions of two new potential biomarkers. Differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were mainly enriched in pathways associated with immune system activities and inflammatory responses, while DE proteins are related to extracellular matrix production and wound repair. The upregulated genes in both phases are associated with wound repair and cell differentiation, while the downregulated genes in both phases are associated with reduced immune activities and the damage of the alveolar tissues. On this basis, we identified thirteen potential marker genes. Among them, we validated the expression changes of butyrophilin-like 9 (BTNL9) and plasmolipin (PLLP) and investigated their functional pathways in the IPF mechanism. Both genes are downregulated in the tissues of IPF patients and Bleomycin-induced mice, and co-expression analysis indicates that they have a protective effect by inhibiting extracellular matrix production and promoting wound repair in alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shixue Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Zhangkai Jason Cheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kuan Cheok Lei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | | | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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20
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Hosseinzadeh A, Mehrzadi S, Siahpoosh A, Basir Z, Bahrami N, Goudarzi M. Gallic acid ameliorates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular injury in adult mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221078867. [PMID: 35196152 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221078867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting compound inducing degeneration of testes. Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol with various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Purpose: This research evaluated effects of different doses of GA on DEHP-induced testicular injury in adult mice.Research Design: Male mice were randomly divided into five groups and treated with agents for two weeks; group (I) received normal saline and corn oil (5 mL/kg/day, p. o.), group (II) received DEHP (2 g/kg/day, dissolved in corn oil, p. o.), groups (III, IV, and V) received DEHP + GA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, p. o.). Body and testes weights, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were evaluated. The number of sperms and sperm motility and viability were analyzed in the cauda epididymis. Histological changes, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines levels were examined in testes.Results: Body and testes weights, the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and early spermatid, and late spermatid and sperm vitality, and progressive motility were significantly reduced in mice exposed to DEHP. Serum testosterone level decreased and serum LH and FSH levels increased in DEHP-exposed mice. These alterations were associated with the increased oxidative stress level and inflammatory responses in testicular tissue. Treatment with GA (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) attenuated DEHP-induced alterations in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines and reversed abnormality in sperm characteristic and number, tissue structure, and serum hormones levels.Conclusions: Results indicated that GA might be a promising agent against male gonadal toxicity induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals including DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, 440827Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, 440827Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Siahpoosh
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Basir
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 48513Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nosrat Bahrami
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, 393563Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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21
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Li Y, Li M, Wang Y, Guan L, Liu X, Zeng M. The interplay between ASMase signaling pathway and NLRP3 in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of HBE cells induced by silica. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:1057-1066. [PMID: 34969174 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important part of pulmonary fibrosis. Our earlier study illustrated that the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) pathway plays significant role in silica (SiO2 )-induced transformation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. The metabolite of ASMase, ceramide (Cer), activates the inflammatory response by activating Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in macrophages, and NLRP3 is also involved in the EMT process. However, whether ASMase and NLRP3 are involved in regulating SiO2 -induced EMT has not been confirmed. In this study, an in vitro model of EMT in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells was established by SiO2 dust staining to investigate the role of ASMase and NLRP3 in EMT and to provide new clues for the molecular mechanism of silicosis. HBE cells were stained with 100 μg/ml SiO2 dust for 72 h to establish the EMT model. The ASMase inhibitor desipramine decreased the level of S1P and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and NLRP3 in SiO2 dust-stained HBE cells, whereas the expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) increased. The NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and decreased the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and α-SMA in SiO2 dust-stained HBE cells, whereas E-cad expression increased and ASMase activity and S1P levels decreased. It was concluded that SiO2 dust increases the release of the inflammatory factor and induces EMT in HBE cells. Inhibition of ASMase activity or NLRP3 expression reduced the SiO2 dust-induced cell inflammatory response and slowed the occurrence of EMT in HBE cells. Therefore, NLRP3 and ASMase may interact in SiO2 dust-induced EMT in HBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Photograph and Article Office, Anhui Health Publicity and Education Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Obayemi MJ, Akintayo CO, Oniyide AA, Aturamu A, Badejogbin OC, Atuma CL, Saidi AO, Mahmud H, Olaniyi KS. Protective role of melatonin against adipose-hepatic metabolic comorbidities in experimentally induced obese rat model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260546. [PMID: 34879109 PMCID: PMC8654266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunctions are critical comorbidities that
also aggravate insulin resistance in obese individuals. Melatonin is a
low-cost agent and previous studies suggest that its use may promote
metabolic health. However, its effects on some comorbidities associated with
obesity are unknown. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that melatonin
supplementation would attenuate adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction in
high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male Wistar rats. Materials and methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used: Control group
received vehicle (normal saline), obese group received 40% high fat diet,
melatonin-treated group received 4 mg/kg of melatonin, and obese plus
melatonin group received 40% HFD and melatonin. The treatment lasted for 12
weeks. Results HFD caused increased food intake, body weight, insulin level, insulin
resistance and plasma and liver lipid but decreased adipose lipid. In
addition, HFD also increased plasma, adipose and liver malondialdehyde,
IL-6, uric acid and decreased Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
glutathione, nitric oxide and circulating obestatin concentration. However,
these deleterious effects except food intake were attenuated when
supplemented with melatonin. Conclusion Taken together, the present results indicate that HFD exposure causes
adipose-hepatic metabolic disturbance in obese animals, which are
accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the present
results suggest that melatonin supplementation attenuates adipose-hepatic
metabolic dysfunction, accompanying obesity by suppression of oxidative
stress/inflammation-dependent mechanism and increasing circulating
obestatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Obayemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Christopher O. Akintayo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adesola A. Oniyide
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Aturamu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olabimpe C. Badejogbin
- Department of Physiology, Benjamin Carson School of Medicine, Babcock
University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Chukwubueze L. Atuma
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Azeezat O. Saidi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Mahmud
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde S. Olaniyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe
Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- * E-mail: ,
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Oladele CA, Akintayo CO, Badejogbin OC, Oniyide AA, Omoaghe AO, Agunbiade TB, Olaniyi KS. Melatonin ameliorates endocrine dysfunction and defective sperm integrity associated with high-fat diet-induced obesity in male Wistar rats. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14242. [PMID: 34490912 DOI: 10.1111/and.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity (OBS) has been established as a link to male hypogonadism with consequent infertility. Previous studies have shown that melatonin (MEL) modulates hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function. The present study therefore investigated the hypothesis that MEL supplementation would attenuate spermatogenic and steroidogenic dysfunctions associated with obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used: control group received vehicle (normal saline), obese group received 40% high-fat diet and distilled water, MEL-treated group received MEL (4 mg/kg), and OBS + MEL group received MEL and 40% HFD and the treatment lasted for 12 weeks. HFD caused increased body weight, glucose intolerance, plasma triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/ very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde, as well as decreased antioxidant capacity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone and altered sperm parameters. However, all these alterations were attenuated when supplemented with MEL. Taken together, these results indicate that HFD exposure causes endocrine dysfunction and disrupted sperm parameters in obese animals, which are accompanied by lipid peroxidation/defective antioxidant capacity. In addition, the present results suggest that melatonin supplementation restores endocrine function and sperm integrity in obese rat model by suppression of oxidative stress-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort Abisola Oladele
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Adesola Adedotun Oniyide
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adams Olalekan Omoaghe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Toluwani Bosede Agunbiade
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Melatonin as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment for COVID-19 beyond Sleep Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168623. [PMID: 34445329 PMCID: PMC8395320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is registered to treat circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders and insomnia in patients aged 55 years and over. The essential role of the circadian sleep rhythm in the deterioration of sleep quality during COVID-19 confinement and the lack of an adverse effect of melatonin on respiratory drive indicate that melatonin has the potential to be a recommended treatment for sleep disturbances related to COVID-19. This review article describes the effects of melatonin additional to its sleep-related effects, which make this drug an attractive therapeutic option for treating patients with COVID-19. The preclinical data suggest that melatonin may inhibit COVID-19 progression. It may lower the risk of the entrance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into cells, reduce uncontrolled hyper-inflammation and the activation of immune cells, limit the damage of tissues and multiorgan failure due to the action of free radicals, and reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and the risk of disability resulting from fibrotic changes within the lungs. Melatonin may also increase the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination. The high safety profile of melatonin and its potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects make this molecule a preferable drug for treating sleep disturbances in COVID-19 patients. However, randomized clinical trials are needed to verify the clinical usefulness of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Ramos E, López-Muñoz F, Gil-Martín E, Egea J, Álvarez-Merz I, Painuli S, Semwal P, Martins N, Hernández-Guijo JM, Romero A. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Key Emphasis on Melatonin Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1152. [PMID: 34356384 PMCID: PMC8301107 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections constitute a tectonic convulsion in the normophysiology of the hosts. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not an exception, and therefore the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, like any other invading microbe, enacts a generalized immune response once the virus contacts the body. Melatonin is a systemic dealer that does not overlook any homeostasis disturbance, which consequently brings into play its cooperative triad, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulant backbone, to stop the infective cycle of SARS-CoV-2 or any other endogenous or exogenous threat. In COVID-19, the corporal propagation of SARS-CoV-2 involves an exacerbated oxidative activity and therefore the overproduction of great amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The endorsement of melatonin as a possible protective agent against the current pandemic is indirectly supported by its widely demonstrated beneficial role in preclinical and clinical studies of other respiratory diseases. In addition, focusing the therapeutic action on strengthening the host protection responses in critical phases of the infective cycle makes it likely that multi-tasking melatonin will provide multi-protection, maintaining its efficacy against the virus variants that are already emerging and will emerge as long as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate among us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain;
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i + 12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Portucalense Institute of Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Neurosciences (INPP), Portucalense University, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 541, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Thematic Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Addictive Disorders Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Nutrition, Food & Plant Science Group NF1, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Javier Egea
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Álvarez-Merz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.Á.-M.); (J.M.H.-G.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India; (S.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India; (S.P.); (P.S.)
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Jesús M. Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.Á.-M.); (J.M.H.-G.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Possible benefits of exogenous melatonin for individuals on dialysis: a narrative review on potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1599-1611. [PMID: 34097094 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) on dialysis may reduce dialysis-associated complications. Administration of powerful antioxidants may improve the consequences of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). This narrative review aimed to show the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin (MLT) on the consequences of CKD patients receiving HD or PD. The results of preclinical and clinical studies have proven that CKD and dialysis are accompanied by reduced endogenous MLT levels and related complications such as sleep disorders. Enhanced oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular damages, and renal fibrosis, along with dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), have been observed in CKD and patients on dialysis. Results of studies have revealed that the restoration of MLT via the exogenous source may regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and RAS functions, inhibit fibrosis, and improve complications in patients with long-term dialysis patients. In summary, treatment of patients with CKD and dialysis with exogenous MLT is suggested as a practical approach in reducing the outcomes and improving the quality of life in patients via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic signaling pathways. Therefore, this hormone can be considered in clinical practice to manage dialysis-related complications.
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27
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Kwon J, Lee EJ, Cho HJ, Jang JA, Han MS, Kwak E, Kim H, An J, Park D, Han S, Shimizu N, Suzuki T, Takaoka EI, Yoshimura N. Antifibrosis treatment by inhibition of VEGF, FGF, and PDGF receptors improves bladder wall remodeling and detrusor overactivity in association with modulation of C-fiber afferent activity in mice with spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 40:1460-1469. [PMID: 34015154 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Spinal cord injury (SCI) above the sacral level causes bladder dysfunction and remodeling with fibrosis. This study examined the antifibrotic effects using nintedanib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors, on detrusor overactivity (DO) and bladder fibrosis, as well as the modulation mechanisms of C-fiber afferent pathways. METHODS Thirty female C57BL/6 mice were divided into group A (spinal intact), group B (SCI with vehicle), and group C (SCI with nintedanib). At 2 weeks after SCI, vehicle or 50 mg/kg nintedanib was administered subcutaneously for 2 weeks. Then, cystometry was conducted, followed by RT-PCR measurements of fibrosis-related molecules, muscarinic, β-adrenergic, TRP and purinergic receptors in the bladder or L6-S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Trichrome stain and Western blot analysis of transforming growth factor-beta and fibronectin were performed in the bladder. TRPV1 expression in L6 DRG was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In cystometry, intercontraction intervals, nonvoiding contractions, voided volume, and voiding efficiency were significantly improved in group C versus group B. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and trichrome staining revealed the fibrotic changes in the bladder of group B, which was improved in group C. Increased messenger RNA levels of TRPV1, TRPA1, P2X2 , and P2X3 in DRG of group B were significantly decreased in group C. TRPV1 immunoreactivity in DRG was increased in group B, but decreased in group C. CONCLUSIONS Nintedanib improves storage and voiding dysfunctions and bladder fibrosis in SCI mice. Also, nintedanib-induced improvement of DO is associated with reduced expression of C-fiber afferent markers, suggesting the modulation of bladder C-fiber afferent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbeom Kwon
- Department of Urology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Jang
- Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Haesoo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Donghwi Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seungwoo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ei-Ichiro Takaoka
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Assanga S, Lujan LML, O'Keefe JH. A nutraceutical strategy for downregulating TGFβ signalling: prospects for prevention of fibrotic disorders, including post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2021-001663. [PMID: 33879509 PMCID: PMC8061562 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies in Food, University of Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Morchang A, Malakar S, Poonudom K, Noisakran S, Yenchitsomanus PT, Limjindaporn T. Melatonin Inhibits Dengue Virus Infection via the Sirtuin 1-Mediated Interferon Pathway. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040659. [PMID: 33920458 PMCID: PMC8070382 DOI: 10.3390/v13040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative pathogen in the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. DENV is transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. Approximately 100 million people are infected annually worldwide, and most of those live in tropical and subtropical areas. There is still no effective drug or vaccine for treatment of DENV infection. In this study, we set forth to investigate the effect of melatonin, which is a natural hormone with multiple pharmacological functions, against DENV infection. Treatment with subtoxic doses of melatonin dose-dependently inhibited DENV production. Cross-protection across serotypes and various cell types was also observed. Time-of-addition assay suggested that melatonin exerts its influence during the post-entry step of viral infection. The antiviral activity of melatonin partly originates from activation of the sirtuin pathway since co-treatment with melatonin and the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor reversed the effect of melatonin treatment alone. Moreover, melatonin could modulate the transcription of antiviral genes that aid in suppression of DENV production. This antiviral mechanism of melatonin suggests a possible new strategy for treating DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atthapan Morchang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (A.M.); (P.-t.Y.)
| | - Shilu Malakar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Kanchanaphan Poonudom
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Sansanee Noisakran
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (A.M.); (P.-t.Y.)
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-419-2754
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Li RF, Chen XY, Xu Y, Feng FC, He HL, Zhou XM. Inhibitory effects of alkaline extract from the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco on collagen behavior in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113761. [PMID: 33383114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peel of Citrus reticulata, a Chinese herbal drug with functions of regulating Qi and expelling phlegm, has been used for the treatment of lung related diseases in Chinese medicine for a long time. Its detailed effects on collagen in anti-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effects of citrus alkaline extract (CAE) on collagen synthesis, crosslinking and deposition in pulmonary fibrosis and understand the possible signal pathways involved in the activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAE was prepared from C. reticulata. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was applied. Pulmonary fibrosis of lung was estimated with histopathology analysis, and collagen deposition was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Collagen crosslinking related biomarkers and enzymes were analyzed with chemical methods, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. RESULTS CAE oral administration lowered hydroxyproline content, inhibited the collagen deposition including expressions of collagen I and III, and relieved bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice model. The productions of a collagen crosslink pyridinoline and crosslinking related enzymes including lysyl oxidase (LOX), lysyl oxidase-like protein 1 (LOXL1) in lung were suppressed by CAE treatment. Furthermore, the protein expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 levels in lungs were also downregulated by CAE. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that CAE inhibited collagen synthesis, crosslinking and deposition, and ameliorated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Preliminary mechanism study revealed that CAE exerted its bioactivity at least via downregulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Our findings provided a great potential in fighting IPF based on CAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fei Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin-Yue Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Fan-Chao Feng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Hai-Lang He
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Xian-Mei Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
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Wu Q, Fang L, Yang Y, Wang A, Chen X, Sun J, Wan J, Hong C, Tong J, Tao S, Tian H. Protection of melatonin against long-term radon exposure-caused lung injury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:472-483. [PMID: 33107683 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radon is one of the major pathogenic factors worldwide. Recently, epidemiological studies have suggested that radon exposure plays an important role in lung injury, which could further cause cancer. However, the toxic effects and underlying mechanism on lung injury are still not clear. Here, we identified the detailed toxic effects of long-term radon exposure. Specifically, the manifestations were inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. In detail, it caused the mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as determined by the abnormal levels of mitochondrial DNA copy number, adenosine triphosphate, mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide dismutase, and cycloxygenase-2. Furthermore, we found that melatonin treatment ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuated the levels of oxidative stress caused by long-term radon exposure, which could further inhibit the lung tissue apoptosis as determined by the decreased levels of cleaved caspase 3. Our study would provide potential therapeutic application of melatonin on lung tissue injury caused by long-term radon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Fang
- Shanghai Minhang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Youjing Yang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aiqing Wang
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Sun
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianmei Wan
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Jian Tong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shasha Tao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailin Tian
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Mehrzadi S, Pourhanifeh MH, Mirzaei A, Moradian F, Hosseinzadeh A. An updated review of mechanistic potentials of melatonin against cancer: pivotal roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:188. [PMID: 33789681 PMCID: PMC8011077 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are serious life-threatening diseases which annually are responsible for millions of deaths across the world. Despite many developments in therapeutic approaches for affected individuals, the rate of morbidity and mortality is high. The survival rate and life quality of cancer patients is still low. In addition, the poor prognosis of patients and side effects of the present treatments underscores that finding novel and effective complementary and alternative therapies is a critical issue. Melatonin is a powerful anticancer agent and its efficiency has been widely documented up to now. Melatonin applies its anticancer abilities through affecting various mechanisms including angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Regarding the implication of mentioned cellular processes in cancer pathogenesis, we aimed to further evaluate the anticancer effects of melatonin via these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Moradian
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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MicroRNA-27a targets Sfrp1 to induce renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by activating Wnt/β-Catenin signalling. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225114. [PMID: 32484208 PMCID: PMC7295625 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) commonly causes end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increasing evidence indicates that abnormal miRNA expression is tightly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This work aimed to investigate whether miR-27a can promote the occurrence of renal fibrosis in DN by suppressing the expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (Sfrp1) to activate Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Therefore, we assessed the expression levels of miR-27a, Sfrp1, Wnt signalling components, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related molecules in vitro and in vivo. Sfrp1 was significantly down-regulated in a high-glucose environment, while miR-27a levels were markedly increased. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-27a down-regulated Sfrp1 by binding to the 3′ untranslated region directly. Further, NRK-52E cells under high-glucose conditions underwent transfection with miR-27a mimic or the corresponding negative control, miR-27a inhibitor or the corresponding negative control, si-Sfrp1, or combined miR-27a inhibitor and si-Sfrp1. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the relative expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and ECM components. The mRNA levels of Sfrp1, miR-27a, and ECM-related molecules were also detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We found that miR-27a inhibitor inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signalling and reduced ECM deposition. Conversely, Wnt/β-catenin signalling was activated, while ECM deposition was increased after transfection with si-Sfrp1. Interestingly, miR-27a inhibitor attenuated the effects of si-Sfrp1. We concluded that miR-27a down-regulated Sfrp1 and activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling to promote renal fibrosis.
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Vlachou M, Siamidi A, Dedeloudi A, Konstantinidou SK, Papanastasiou IP. Pineal hormone melatonin as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:47. [PMID: 33576451 PMCID: PMC7891824 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial properties of the pineal hormone, melatonin, as a neuroprotective and cardioprotective agent, have been previously identified. Furthermore, melatonin plays essential roles in biological rhythms resynchronization, sleep initiation/maintenance and metabolic, ocular, rheumatological diseases. In addition to these functions, melatonin is known to exert immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Due to these properties, coupled with its non-toxic nature, melatonin has been suggested to limit viral infections; however, melatonin cannot be classified as a viricidal drug. In addition, the recent increase in the number of clinical trials on melatonin's role, as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19, has resurged the interest of the scientific community in this hormone. The present short review aimed to improve the understanding of the antiviral/anti-COVID-19 profile of melatonin and the clinical trials that have recently been conducted, with respect to its co-administration in treating individuals with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vlachou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Siamidi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Dedeloudi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia K Konstantinidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Papanastasiou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
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35
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Pang X, Shao L, Nie X, Yan H, Li C, Yeo AJ, Lavin MF, Xia Q, Shao H, Yu G, Jia Q, Peng C. Emodin attenuates silica-induced lung injury by inhibition of inflammation, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107277. [PMID: 33352442 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a fatal pulmonary disease caused by the inhalation of silica dust, and characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung, with no effective treatment to date. Here we investigate the effect of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative isolated from rhubarb using a mouse silicosis model and in vitro cultured human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Results from histological examination indicated that emodin reduced the degree of alveolitis and fibrosis in the lungs of mice exposed to silica particles. We also demonstrated that emodin effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3 and NF-κB and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in the lung tissue of mice treated with silica particles. In addition, we found that emodin inhibited apoptosis and demonstrated an anti-fibrotic effect by down-regulating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and up-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Furthermore, emodin increased E-cadherin levels, reduced the expression of Vimentin, α-SMA and Col-I, as well as pro-inflammatory factors TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that emodin can regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway to prevent alveolar inflammation and apoptotic process. Overall, this study showed that emodin can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis through regulating the inflammatory response and fibrotic process at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Pang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Nie
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyue Yan
- Shandong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qing Xia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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36
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mehrzadi S, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and regulation of miRNAs: novel targeted therapy for cancerous and noncancerous disease. Epigenomics 2020; 13:65-81. [PMID: 33350862 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs, small noncoding RNAs with crucial diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, play essential therapeutic roles in different human diseases. These biomarkers are involved in several biological mechanisms and are responsible for the regulation of multiple genes expressions in cells. miRNA-based therapy has shown a very bright future in the case of clinical interventions. Melatonin, the main product of the pineal gland, is a multifunctional neurohormone with numerous therapeutic potentials in human diseases. Melatonin is able to regulate miRNAs in different pathologies such as malignant and nonmalignant diseases, which can be considered as a novel kind of targeted therapy. Herein, this review discusses possible therapeutic utility of melatonin for the regulation of miRNAs in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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37
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黄 晓, 全 裕, 严 隆, 赵 琳. [Expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 in lung tissue of preterm rats after hyperoxia exposure]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020; 22:1331-1337. [PMID: 33328006 PMCID: PMC7735927 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2007147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression and significance of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) and the key factors of the Wnt signaling pathway in the lung tissue of preterm rats after hyperoxia exposure. METHODS A total of 180 preterm neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into an air control group, an air intervention group, a hyperoxia control group, and a hyperoxia intervention group, with 45 rats in each group. Lung injury was induced by hyperoxia exposure in the hyperoxia groups. The preterm rats in the intervention groups were given intraperitoneal injection of the USP7 specific inhibitor P5091 (5 mg/kg) every day. The animals were sacrificed on days 3, 5, and 9 of the experiment to collect lung tissue specimens. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of USP7 and the key factors of the Wnt signaling pathway β-catenin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in lung tissue. RESULTS The air groups had normal morphology and structure of lung tissue; on days 3 and 5, the hyperoxia control group showed obvious alveolar compression and disordered structure, with obvious inflammatory cells, erythrocyte diapedesis, and interstitial edema. On day 9, the hyperoxia control group showed alveolar structural disorder and obvious thickening of the alveolar septa. Compared with the hyperoxia control group at the corresponding time points, the hyperoxia intervention group had significantly alleviated disordered structure, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bleeding in lung tissue. At each time point, the hyperoxia groups had a significantly lower radial alveolar count (RAC) than the corresponding air groups (P < 0.05), and the hyperoxia intervention group had a significantly higher RAC than the hyperoxia control group (P < 0.05). On days 3, 5, and 9 of the experiment, the hyperoxia groups had significantly higher mRNA expression of USP7 and β-catenin and protein expression of USP7, β-catenin, and α-SMA than the corresponding air groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the hyperoxia control group, the hyperoxia intervention group had significant reductions in the mRNA expression of β-catenin and the protein expression of β-catenin and α-SMA (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the mRNA and protein expression of USP7 between the hyperoxia intervention and hyperoxia control groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of USP7 and β-catenin and the protein expression of USP7, β-catenin, and α-SMA between the air intervention and air control groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hyperoxia exposure can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and USP7 may participate in hyperoxic lung injury through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The USP7 specific inhibitor P5091 may accelerate the degradation of β-catenin by enhancing its ubiquitination, reduce lung epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and thus exert a certain protective effect against hyperoxic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晓悦 黄
- 桂林医学院附属医院新生儿科, 广西 桂林 541001Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - 裕凤 全
- 桂林医学院附属医院新生儿科, 广西 桂林 541001Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - 隆丽 严
- 广东省妇幼保健院新生儿科, 广东 广州 511400Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - 琳 赵
- 河北省儿童医院新生儿科, 河北 石家庄 050000
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38
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Shahriari M, Mehrzadi S, Naseripour M, Fatemi I, Hosseinzadeh A, Kanavi MR, Ghaznavi H. Beneficial Effects of Melatonin and Atorvastatin on Retinopathy in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Rats. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666191204104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Atorvastatin (ATO)
plus Melatonin (MEL) on streptozocin-induced Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in rats.
Methods:
Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin
(50 mg/kg). Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups (8 rats/group): Control
group, Diabetic group, Diabetic + MEL group (20 mg/kg/day), Diabetic + ATO group (10
mg/kg/day), Diabetic + MEL + ATO group (as above). Treatments were started one week after
induction of diabetes and continued for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, angiography was
performed and the rats were killed and retinas were harvested for pathological and molecular examinations.
Results:
Administration of MEL reduced the fluorescein leakage, MDA and ROS levels compared
to diabetic group. Treatment with ATO only reduced ROS levels compared to diabetic group. In
addition, administration of ATO plus MEL decreased these indices compared to the diabetic and
ATO groups. Histologically, retinal vascular congestion was not observed in the combined ATO
and MEL group as compared to the diabetic, ATO, and MEL groups.
Conclusion:
These data provide evidence for the therapeutic value of MEL in combination with
ATO in clinical practice for prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Shahriari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Naseripour
- Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Fang Y, Tian J, Fan Y, Cao P. Latest progress on the molecular mechanisms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9811-9820. [PMID: 33230784 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious life-threatening lung disease, and the median survival period of PF patients after diagnosis is only 2.5-3.5 years. At present, there are no effective drugs or therapeutics to reverse or even inhibit IPF. The main pathological characteristics of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) include damage to alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix accumulation, which gradually lead to damage to the lung structure and decreased lung function. It is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PF comprehensively and clearly. In this paper, critical signaling pathways related to PF were reviewed to present updates on the molecular mechanisms of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jingya Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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40
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Melatonin potentials against viral infections including COVID-19: Current evidence and new findings. Virus Res 2020; 287:198108. [PMID: 32768490 PMCID: PMC7405774 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are dangerous diseases for human health worldwide, which lead to significant morbidity and mortality each year. Because of their importance and the lack of effective therapeutic approaches, further attempts should be made to discover appropriate alternative or complementary treatments. Melatonin, a multifunctional neurohormone mainly synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland, plays some roles in the treatment of viral infections. Regarding a deadly outbreak of COVID-19 across the world, we decided to discuss melatonin functions against various viral infections including COVID-19. Therefore, in this review, we summarize current evidence on melatonin therapy for viral infections with focus on possible underlying mechanisms of melatonin actions.
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41
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Yang D, Wei Y, Lu Q, Qin D, Zhang M, Du X, Xu W, Yu X, He C, Li N, Peng S, Li G, Hua J. Melatonin alleviates LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in spermatogonial stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3536-3551. [PMID: 32996162 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orchitis is one of the leading causes of male animal infertility and is associated with inflammatory reactions caused by the bacterium. It has been reported that there is a mutual coupling effect between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammatory response. Our studies showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could cause testicular damages, apoptosis, ERS, and inflammatory responses in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs); ERS-related apoptosis proteins were activated and the expression of ERS genes was significantly upregulated; meanwhile, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and inflammation factors was apparently increased with LPS treatment. Moreover, melatonin (MEL) could rescue testicular damage, and significantly inhibited the expression of ERS-related apoptosis genes, ERS markers, and inflammatory factors in SSCs and MEL played repairing and anti-infection roles in LPS-induced testicular damage. Therefore, MEL may be used as a drug to prevent and control bacterial infections in male reproductive systems. However, the specific molecular mechanism of MEL to resist ERS and inflammatory response remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yudong Wei
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qizhong Lu
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dezhe Qin
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Du
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuwei Yu
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen He
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Clinical Application of Melatonin in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Evidence and New Insights into the Cardioprotective and Cardiotherapeutic Properties. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 36:131-155. [PMID: 32926271 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of mortality and disability, tending to happen in younger individuals in developed countries. Despite improvements in medical treatments, the therapy and long-term prognosis of CVDs such as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and other CVDs threatening human life are not satisfactory enough. Therefore, many researchers are attempting to identify novel potential therapeutic methods for the treatment of CVDs. Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent with a wide range of therapeutic properties. Recently, several investigations have been carried out to evaluate its effectiveness and efficiency in CVDs therapy, focusing on mechanistic pathways. Herein, this review aims to summarize current findings of melatonin treatment for CVDs.
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Fang L, Chen H, Kong R, Que J. Endogenous tryptophan metabolite 5-Methoxytryptophan inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-β/SMAD3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 260:118399. [PMID: 32918977 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the end stage of many interstitial lung diseases, characterized by the deposition of excess extracellular matrix (ECM), destruction of normal alveolar structure, and resulting in the obstruction of gas exchange and respiratory failure. The idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of pulmonary fibrosis with little effective therapies. 5-Methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a newly found tryptophan metabolite. Previous studies suggested that 5-MTP has the effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenesis, vascular protection and anti-fibrosis in renal disease. Whether 5-MTP has therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis is not clear. In our study, we used TGF-β1 to stimulate human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and bleomycin (BLM) induced pulmonary fibrosis model to investigate the effect of 5-MTP on pulmonary fibrosis. Our study demonstrated that 5-MTP could improve the lung function and attenuate the destruction of alveolar structure in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. Furthermore, 5-MTP significantly decreased accumulation of myofibroblasts and the deposition of ECM by inhibiting the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and suppressing the protein expression of the ECM both in vivo and in vitro. Our results also revealed 5-MTP could inhibit the proliferation and migration of the fibroblasts in vitro, which played an important role in the progressive pulmonary fibrosis. To further investigate the mechanism of the anti-fibrosis of 5-MTP, several canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways were examined. Our results revealed that 5-MTP could inhibit the pulmonary fibrosis through downregulating the phosphorylation of TGF-β/SMAD3, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Together, our study indicated that 5-MTP promises to be therapeutic agent of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renyi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Que
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mehrzadi S, Kamali M, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and gastrointestinal cancers: Current evidence based on underlying signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173471. [PMID: 32877658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, leading causes of cancer-related deaths, have been serious challenging human diseases up to now. Because of high rates of mortality, late-stage diagnosis, metastasis to distant locations, and low effectiveness and adverse events of routine standard therapies, the quality of life and survival time are low in patients with GI cancers. Hence, many efforts need to be done to explore and find novel efficient treatments. Beneficial effects of melatonin have been reported in a wide variety of human diseases. Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Various studies have showed the regulatory effects of melatonin on apoptotsis, autophagy and angiogenesis; these properties result in the inhibition of invasion, migration, and proliferation of GI cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Together, this review suggests that melatonin in combination with anticancer agents may improve the efficacy of routine medicine and survival rate of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Effect of Total Flavonoids of Oxytropis falcata Bunge on the Expression of p-JAK1-and p-STAT1-Related Proteins in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2407239. [PMID: 32908556 PMCID: PMC7474768 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2407239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to explore the effect of total flavonoids of Oxytropis falcata Bunge (FOFB) on the expression of p-JAK1/p-STAT1 and SOCS3 proteins in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods Rats model with IPF was established by one-off intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/kg). After 14 days, the same volume of low dose (100 mg/kg), medium dose (200 mg/kg), and high dose (400 mg/kg) of FOFB and prednisolone acetate (20 mg/kg) as positive control drugs, as well as normal saline, were orally administered to rats once a day for 28 consecutive days. Subsequently, the degree of fibrosis and alveolitis in rat lung tissue was observed, respectively, by HE and Masson staining. Further more, observing the ultrastructure of lung tissue by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the detection of JAK/STAT pathway related indicators including p-JAK1, p-STAT1, and SOCS3 with immunohistochemistry and SOCS3 with real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed. Results Compared with the BLM group, the degree of alveolitis and fibrosis improved significantly, and the expression of p-JAK1 and p-STAT1 decreased; conversely, the expression of SOCS3 increased in the treatment group. Conclusion IPF causes high expression of p-JAK1 and p-STAT1 and low expression of SOCS3. FOFB can play a role in the treatment of IPF via upregulating SOCS3 and downregulating p-JAK1 and p-STAT1.
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Chung MK, Karnik S, Saef J, Bergmann C, Barnard J, Lederman MM, Tilton J, Cheng F, Harding CV, Young JB, Mehta N, Cameron SJ, McCrae KR, Schmaier AH, Smith JD, Kalra A, Gebreselassie SK, Thomas G, Hawkins ES, Svensson LG. SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2: The biology and clinical data settling the ARB and ACEI controversy. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102907. [PMID: 32771682 PMCID: PMC7415847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 enters cells by binding of its spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been reported to increase ACE2 expression in animal models, and worse outcomes are reported in patients with co-morbidities commonly treated with these agents, leading to controversy during the COVID-19 pandemic over whether these drugs might be helpful or harmful. METHODS Animal, in vitro and clinical data relevant to the biology of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), its interaction with the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) and SARS-CoV-2, and clinical studies were reviewed. FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION SARS-CoV-2 hijacks ACE2to invade and damage cells, downregulating ACE2, reducing its protective effects and exacerbating injurious Ang II effects. However, retrospective observational studies do not show higher risk of infection with ACEI or ARB use. Nevertheless, study of the RAS and KKS in the setting of coronaviral infection may yield therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina K Chung
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, United States; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States.
| | - Sadashiva Karnik
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Joshua Saef
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, United States
| | - Cornelia Bergmann
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - John Barnard
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Case Western Reserve University, United States; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - John Tilton
- Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States
| | - Clifford V Harding
- Case Western Reserve University, United States; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James B Young
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, United States; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Neil Mehta
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, United States; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Case Western Reserve University, United States; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, United States; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Ankur Kalra
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, United States
| | - Surafel K Gebreselassie
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - George Thomas
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Edward S Hawkins
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Lars G Svensson
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, United States; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, United States; Case Western Reserve University, United States
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Hemati K, Pourhanifeh MH, Dehdashtian E, Fatemi I, Mehrzadi S, Reiter RJ, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and morphine: potential beneficial effects of co-use. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:25-39. [PMID: 32415694 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Morphine is a potent analgesic agent used to control acute or chronic pain. Chronic administration of morphine results in analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, and other side effects including dependence, addiction, respiratory depression, and constipation, which limit its clinical usage. Therefore, identifying the new analgesics with fewer side effects which could increase the effect of morphine and reduce its side effects is crucial. Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule produced in the body, is known to play an important role in pain regulation. The strong anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin is suggested to be involved in the attenuation of the pain associated with inflammation. Melatonin also increases the anti-nociceptive actions of opioids, such as morphine, and reverses their tolerance through regulating several cellular signaling pathways. In this review, published articles evaluating the effect of the co-consumption of melatonin and morphine in different conditions were investigated. Our results show that melatonin has pain-killing properties when administered alone or in combination with other anti-nociceptive drugs. Melatonin decreases morphine consumption in different pathologies. Furthermore, attenuation of morphine intake can be accompanied by reduction of morphine-associated side-effects, including physical dependence, morphine tolerance, and morphine-related hyperalgesia. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that the combination of melatonin with morphine could reduce morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia, which may result from anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of melatonin. Overall, we underscore that, to further ameliorate patients' life quality and control their pain in various pathological conditions, melatonin deserves to be used with morphine by anesthesiologists in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ghotb-e-Ravandy Boulevard, Kashan, 8715988141, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dehdashtian
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, IRAN, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, imam Ali Bolvard, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7762, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
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Martín Giménez VM, Inserra F, Tajer CD, Mariani J, Ferder L, Reiter RJ, Manucha W. Lungs as target of COVID-19 infection: Protective common molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and melatonin as a new potential synergistic treatment. Life Sci 2020; 254:117808. [PMID: 32422305 PMCID: PMC7227533 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has a high mortality rate and is affecting practically the entire world population. The leading cause of death is severe acute respiratory syndrome as a consequence of exacerbated inflammatory response accompanied by uncontrolled oxidative stress as well as the inflammatory reaction at the lung level. Until now, there is not a specific and definitive treatment for this pathology that worries the world population, especially the older adults who constitute the main risk group. In this context, it results in a particular interest in the evaluation of the efficacy of existing pharmacological agents that may be used for overcoming or attenuating the severity of this pulmonary complication that has ended the lives of many people worldwide. Vitamin D and melatonin could be good options for achieving this aim, taking into account that they have many shared underlying mechanisms that are able to modulate and control the immune adequately and oxidative response against COVID-19 infection, possibly even through a synergistic interaction. The renin-angiotensin system exaltation with consequent inflammatory response has a leading role in the physiopathology of COVID-19 infection; and it may be down-regulated by vitamin D and melatonin in many organs. Therefore, it is also essential to analyze this potential therapeutic association and their relation with RAS as part of this new approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virna Margarita Martín Giménez
- Institute of Research in Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Cuyo Catholic University, San Juan, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos D Tajer
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Cruce, Calchaqui 5401, Florencio Varela, Provincia de Buenos Aires 1418857983, Argentina
| | - Javier Mariani
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital El Cruce Néstor C. Kirchner, Av. Calchaquí 5401, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires 1888, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Pathology Department, Pharmacology Area Medical Sciences College, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Medical and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Anderson G, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Roles in influenza, Covid-19, and other viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2109. [PMID: 32314850 PMCID: PMC7235470 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that the regulation of the melatonergic pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive the cellular changes that underpin their control of cellular function. We review the melatonergic pathway role in viral infections, emphasizing influenza and covid-19 infections. Viral, or preexistent, suppression of pineal melatonin disinhibits neutrophil attraction, thereby contributing to an initial "cytokine storm", as well as the regulation of other immune cells. Melatonin induces the circadian gene, Bmal1, which disinhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), countering viral inhibition of Bmal1/PDC. PDC drives mitochondrial conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), thereby increasing the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production. Pineal melatonin suppression attenuates this, preventing the circadian "resetting" of mitochondrial metabolism. This is especially relevant in immune cells, where shifting metabolism from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation, switches cells from reactive to quiescent phenotypes. Acetyl-CoA is a necessary cosubstrate for arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, providing an acetyl group to serotonin, and thereby initiating the melatonergic pathway. Consequently, pineal melatonin regulates mitochondrial melatonin and immune cell phenotype. Virus- and cytokine-storm-driven control of the pineal and mitochondrial melatonergic pathway therefore regulates immune responses. Virus-and cytokine storm-driven changes also increase gut permeability and dysbiosis, thereby suppressing levels of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, and increasing circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The alterations in butyrate and LPS can promote viral replication and host symptom severity via impacts on the melatonergic pathway. Focussing on immune regulators has treatment implications for covid-19 and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science at San AntonioSan Antonio, Texas
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Shaikh SB, Prabhu A, Bhandary YP. Interleukin-17A: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lung Diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:921-928. [PMID: 30652654 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190116115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has gained a lot of attention because of its involvement in respiratory diseases. Interleukin-17 cytokine family includes six members, out of which, IL-17A participates towards the immune responses in allergy and inflammation. It also modulates the progression of respiratory disorders. OBJECTIVE The present review is an insight into the involvement and contributions of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in chronic respiratory diseases like Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obliterative bronchiolitis, lung cancer and many others. CONCLUSION IL-17A is a major regulator of inflammatory responses. In all the mentioned diseases, IL- 17A plays a prime role in inducing the diseases, whereas the lack of this pro-inflammatory cytokine reduces the severity of respective respiratory diseases. Thereby, this review suggests IL-17A as an instrumental target in chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka, India
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