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Lu J, Wang Y, Gao X, Li Y, Ufurahi-Pambe N, Fahad A, Jin Z, He Z, Guo Z, Xie W, Wang S, Sun X, Wang X, Yu J, Che S, Zhang G, Wei Y, Zhao L. Cancer nutritional-immunotherapy with NIR-II laser-controlled ATP release based on material repurposing strategy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4629-4641. [PMID: 38666407 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Enlightened by the great success of the drug repurposing strategy in the pharmaceutical industry, in the current study, material repurposing is proposed where the performance of carbonyl iron powder (CIP), a nutritional intervention agent of iron supplement approved by the US FDA for iron deficiency anemia in clinic, was explored in anti-cancer treatment. Besides the abnormal iron metabolic characteristics of tumors, serving as potential targets for CIP-based cancer therapy under the repurposing paradigm, the efficacy of CIP as a catalyst in the Fenton reaction, activator for dihydroartemisinin (DHA), thus increasing the chemo-sensitivity of tumors, as well as a potent agent for NIR-II photothermal therapy (PTT) was fully evaluated in an injectable alginate hydrogel form. The CIP-ALG gel caused a rapid temperature rise in the tumor site under NIR-II laser irradiation, leading to complete ablation in the primary tumor. Further, this photothermal-ablation led to the significant release of ATP, and in the bilateral tumor model, both primary tumor ablation and inhibition of secondary tumor were observed simultaneously under the synergistic tumor treatment of nutritional-photothermal therapy (NT/PTT). Thus, material repurposing was confirmed by our pioneering trial and CIP-ALG-meditated NT/PTT/immunotherapy provides a new choice for safe and efficient tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yupei Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Neema Ufurahi-Pambe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Abdul Fahad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zeping Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhijun He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhenhu Guo
- State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wensheng Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiumei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shenglei Che
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Rasul HO, Thomas NV, Ghafour DD, Aziz BK, Salgado M G, Mendoza-Huizar LH, Candia LG. Searching possible SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors in constituents from herbal medicines using in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4234-4248. [PMID: 37349945 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The largest threat to civilization since the Second World War is the spread of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic medicines to treat COVID-19. Reusing bio-actives is a workable and efficient strategy in the battle against new epidemics because the process of developing new drugs is time-consuming. This research aimed to identify which herbal remedies had the highest affinity for the receptor and assess a variety of them for potential targets to suppress the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The use of AutoDock Vina for structure-based virtual screening was done first due to the importance of protein interactions in the development of drugs. Molecular docking was used in the comparative study to assess 89 different chemicals from medicinal herbs. To anticipate their effectiveness against the primary protease of SARS-CoV-2, more analysis was done on the ADMET profile, drug-likeness, and Lipinski's rule of five. The next step involved three replicas of 100 ns-long molecular dynamics simulations on the potential candidates, which were preceded by calculations of the binding free energy of MM-GBSA. The outcomes showed that Achyrodimer A, Cinchonain Ib, Symphonone F, and Lupeol acetate all performed well and had the highest 6LU7 binding affinities. Using RMSD, RMSF, and protein-ligand interactions, the stability of the protein-ligand complex was assessed. The studies indicate that bioactive substances obtained from herbal medicines may function as a COVID-19 therapeutic agent, necessitating additional wet lab research to confirm their therapeutic potential, efficacy, and pharmacological capacity against the condition.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezha O Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Noel Vinay Thomas
- Department of BioMedical Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Dlzar D Ghafour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Bakhtyar K Aziz
- Department of Nanoscience and Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | | | - L H Mendoza-Huizar
- Academic Area of Chemistry, Mineral de la Reforma, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Hidalgo, México
| | - Lorena Gerli Candia
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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3
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Ajami M, Sotoudeheian M, Houshiar-Rad A, Esmaili M, Naeini F, Mohammadi Nasrabadi F, Doaei S, Milani-Bonab A. Quercetin may reduce the risk of developing the symptoms of COVID-19. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:189-201. [PMID: 38966631 PMCID: PMC11221767 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective Recent evidence reported that some dietary compounds like quercetin and apigenin as the most well-known flavonoids with anti-inflammatory effects may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The hypothesis of the promising effects and possible mechanisms of action of quercetin against COVID-19 were assessed in this article. Materials and Methods Related papers on the inhibitory effects of quercetin against COVID-19 were collected using the following search strategy: "corona or coronavirus or COVID or COVID-19 or viral or virus" AND "nutrient or flavonoid or Quercetin". Results The findings indicated that quercetin can be considered an effective agent against COVID-19 because of its SARS-CoV-2 main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitory effects. In addition, quercetin may attenuate angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors leading to a reduction of SARS-CoV-2 ability to enter host cells. Moreover, the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities of quercetin have been frequently reported. Conclusion Quercetin may be an effective agent for managing the complications of COVID-19. Further longitudinal human studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Ajami
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anahita Houshiar-Rad
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Esmaili
- Department of Nutrition Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran university of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi Nasrabadi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Milani-Bonab
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Zendedel E, Tayebi L, Nikbakht M, Hasanzadeh E, Asadpour S. Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of COVID 19. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1055-1071. [PMID: 37815188 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x260032230925052240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are being investigated as a treatment for a novel viral disease owing to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, tissue repair and regeneration characteristics, however, the exact processes are unknown. MSC therapy was found to be effective in lowering immune system overactivation and increasing endogenous healing after SARS-CoV-2 infection by improving the pulmonary microenvironment. Many studies on mesenchymal stem cells have been undertaken concurrently, and we may help speed up the effectiveness of these studies by collecting and statistically analyzing data from them. Based on clinical trial information found on clinicaltrials. gov and on 16 November 2020, which includes 63 clinical trials in the field of patient treatment with COVID-19 using MSCs, according to the trend of increasing studies in this field, and with the help of meta-analysis studies, it is possible to hope that the promise of MSCs will one day be realized. The potential therapeutic applications of MSCs for COVID-19 are investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zendedel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquett University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Mohammad Nikbakht
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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5
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Zhang T, Zheng N, Wang Z, Xu X. Structure-based design of oligomeric receptor-binding domain (RBD) recombinant proteins as potent vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2174755. [PMID: 36846890 PMCID: PMC10026890 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2174755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 S protein is proved to be the major target of neutralizing antibodies. However, on the S protein, only a portion of epitopes in RBD can be effectively displayed with dynamic changes in spatial conformations. Using RBD fragment as antigen can better expose the neutralizing epitopes, but the immunogenicity of RBD monomer is suboptimal. Multimeric display of RBD molecules is a feasible strategy to optimize RBD-based vaccines. In this study, RBD single-chain dimer derived from Wuhan-Hu-1 was fused with a trimerization motif, and a cysteine was also introduced at the C-terminus. The resultant recombinant protein 2RBDpLC was expressed in Sf9 cells using a baculovirus expression system. Reducing/non-reducing PAGE, size-exclusion chromatography and in silico structure prediction indicated that 2RBDpLC polymerized and possibly formed RBD dodecamers through trimerization motif and intermolecular disulfide bonds. In mice, 2RBDpLC induced higher levels of RBD-specific and neutralizing antibody responses than RBD dimer, RBD trimer and prefusion-stabilized S protein (S2P). In addition, cross-neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron VOC were also detected in the immune sera. Our results demonstrate that 2RBDpLC is a promising vaccine candidate, and the method of constructing dodecamers may be an effective strategy for designing RBD-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ningchen Zheng
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Lu J, Yu J, Xie W, Guo Z, Gao X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Fahad A, Che S, Zhao L, Wei Y. Acidity-Triggered Charge-Convertible Conjugated Polymer for Dihydroartemisinin Delivery and Tumor-Specific Chemo-Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37190932 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the nonspecificity and nonselectivity of traditional treatment models lead to the difficulty of cancer treatment, nanobased strategies are needed to fill in the gaps of current approaches. Herein, a tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive chemo-photothermal treatment model was developed based on dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-loaded conjugated polymers (DHA@PLGA-PANI). The synthesized DHA@PLGA-PANI exhibited enhanced photothermal properties under mild-acidic conditions and thus triggered local heat at the tumor site. Meanwhile, these iron-doped conjugated polymers of PLGA-PANI were used as the source of Fe, and benefiting from the Fe-dependent cytotoxicity of DHA, the burst of free radicals could be generated in tumors. Therefore, the combination of TME-responsive chemo-photothermal therapy could achieve effective tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wensheng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenhu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zeping Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Abdul Fahad
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shenglei Che
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Paul V, Tripathi AD, Agarwal A, Mahato DK, Srivastava K, Maurya KK. Herbs-derived phytochemicals - a boon for combating COVID-19. VEGETOS (BAREILLY, INDIA) 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37359125 PMCID: PMC10013230 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-023-00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), has put the whole world on alert with the threat of the virus that targets the human respiratory system. The disease has affected more than 633.6 million people globally and caused 6.5 million deaths since November 18, 2022. About 12.94 billion people are vaccinated as of November 18, 2022. Due to varied climatic conditions, SARS-CoV-2 has shown rapid mutation in recent years. Because of the lack of appropriate therapeutic drugs, inadequate diagnostic mechanisms, life-supporting medical facilities, and lack of awareness, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has become severe. Thus, the most efficient strategy to control this disease is to follow preventive measures. However, treating SARS-CoV-2 cases in Wuhan using traditional Chinese herbs has set an example to show how traditional health can contribute to treating this novel virus. Medicinal herbs are known for their antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, immunoadjuvant, and anti-inflammatory properties. These medicinal herbs are used during cooking and consumed regularly worldwide. In this view, medicinal herbs gained evident attention. These herbs can serve as a potential and economical remedy for combating the lethal effects of COVID-19. The present review highlights the phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action in preventing SARS-CoV-2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42535-023-00601-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Paul
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Food & Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, Sikandra Road, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125 VIC Australia
| | - Kartikeya Srivastava
- Department of Plant Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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8
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Al-Sehemi AG, Parulekar RS, Pannipara M, P P MA, Zubaidha PK, Bhatia MS, Mohanta TK, Al-Harrasi A. In silico evaluation of NO donor heterocyclic vasodilators as SARS-CoV-2 M pro protein inhibitor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:280-297. [PMID: 34809523 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2005682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes COVID-19 disease has been exponentially increasing throughout the world. The mortality rate is increasing gradually as effective treatment is unavailable to date. In silico based screening for novel testable hypotheses on SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protein to discover the potential lead drug candidate is an emerging area along with the discovery of a vaccine. Administration of NO-releasing agents, NO inducers or the NO gas itself may be useful as therapeutics in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, a 3D structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protein was used for the rational setting of inhibitors to the binding pocket of enzyme which proposed that phenyl furoxan derivative gets efficiently dock in the target pocket. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations helped to investigate possible effective inhibitor candidates bound to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro substrate binding pocket. Molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations revealed energetic contributions of active site residues of Mpro in binding with most stable proposed NO donor heterocyclic vasodilator inhibitor molecules. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the NO donor heterocyclic inhibitor molecules 14, 16, 18 and 19 was strongly bound to catalytic core of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protein, limiting its movement to form stable complex as like control. Thus, overall in silico investigations revealed that 5-oxopiperazine-2-carboxylic acid coupled furoxan derivatives was found to be key pharmacophore in drug design for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, a global pandemic disease with a dual mechanism of action as NO donor and a worthwhile ligand to act as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protein inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rishikesh S Parulekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzur Ali P P
- Department of Biotechnology, MES College, Marampally, Kerala, India
| | | | - Manish S Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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9
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Tekale S, Gore V, Kendrekar P, Thore S, Kótai L, Pawar R. COVID-19 Global Pandemic Fight by Drugs: A Mini-Review on Hope and Hype. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666210629103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a serious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was firstly identified in the city of Wuhan of
China in December 2019, which then spread and became a global issue due to its high transmission
rate. To date, the outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in infection to 230,868,745 people and the death
of 4,732,669 patients. It has paralyzed the economy of all the countries worldwide. Considering the
possible mutations of SARS-CoV-2, the current medical emergency requires a longer time for drug
design and vaccine development. Drug repurposing is a promising option for potent therapeutics
against the pandemic. The present review encompasses various drugs or appropriate combinations of
already FDA-approved antimalarial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic therapeutic
candidates for use in the clinical trials as a ray of hope against COVID-19. It is expected to deliver
better clinical and laboratory outcomes of drugs as a prevention strategy for the eradication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Tekale
- Department of Chemistry, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishnu Gore
- Department of Chemistry, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin Kendrekar
- Unit for Drug Discovery Research (UDDR), Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT) Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Shivaji Thore
- Department of Chemistry, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431005, Maharashtra, India
| | - László Kótai
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rajendra Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Chhatrapati College, Cidco, Aurangabad-431005, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Eslami F, Namdar R. Social, Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 on Rural Tourism. Front Public Health 2022; 10:883277. [PMID: 35619823 PMCID: PMC9127414 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.883277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, various solutions have been proposed to improve the economic situation of villages and deprived areas, among which tourism is known as the best solution for those areas with the necessary potentials for tourism development. On other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic had significant effects on human life worldwide. The prevalence of COVID-19 has caused a lot of damage to different sectors of the global economy, but without a doubt, the rural tourism industry should be considered among the economic activities that have suffered the most from this virus. In this study, with the aim of investigating these effects on the rural tourism industry, it has been analyzed and compared in three important economic, social and environmental dimensions before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19. This quantitative study was used survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of local stakeholders of rural tourism and experts of the relevant organizations in Natanz county of Iran. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the constructs used in the model have appropriate and acceptable fit. The results of the study also, showed that the prevalence of COVID-19 has adverse consequences including reducing the desirable economic and social effects of tourism mentioned among both groups of experts and rural stakeholders. from rural tourism stakeholders' opinion, environmental variables of the tourism areas before and after the COVID-19 was different, and in the absence of tourists in this area, the destructive environmental effects have strongly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Namdar
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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In silico detection of potential inhibitors from vitamins and their derivatives compounds against SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic simulation and ADMET profiling. J Mol Struct 2022; 1258:132652. [PMID: 35194243 PMCID: PMC8855669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a new infectious disease caused by SARS-COV-2 virus of the coronavirus Family. The identification of drugs against this serious infection is a significant requirement due to the rapid rise in the positive cases and deaths around the world. With this concept, a molecular docking analysis for vitamins and their derivatives (28 molecules) with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease was carried out. The results of molecular docking indicate that the structures with best binding energy in the binding site of the studied enzyme (lowest energy level) are observed for the compounds; Folacin, Riboflavin, and Phylloquinone oxide (Vitamin K1 oxide). A Molecular Dynamic simulation was carried out to study the binding stability for the selected vitamins with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme. Molecular Dynamic shows that Phylloquinone oxide and Folacin are quite unstable in binding to SARS-CoV-2 main protease, while the Riboflavin is comparatively rigid. The higher fluctuations in Phylloquinone oxide and Folacin indicate that they may not fit very well into the binding site. As expected, the Phylloquinone oxide exhibits small number of H-bonds with protein and Folacin does not form a good interaction with protein. Riboflavin exhibits the highest number of Hydrogen bonds and forms consistent interactions with protein. Additionally, this molecule respect the conditions mentioned in Lipinski's rule and have acceptable ADMET proprieties which indicates that Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) could be interesting for the antiviral treatment of COVID-19.
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12
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Elmorsy MA, El-Baz AM, Mohamed NH, Almeer R, Abdel-Daim MM, Yahya G. In silico screening of potent inhibitors against COVID-19 key targets from a library of FDA-approved drugs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:12336-12346. [PMID: 34562220 PMCID: PMC8475441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging pandemic that threatens the world since the early days of 2020. Development of vaccines or new drugs against COVID-19 comprises several stages of investigation including efficacy, safety, and approval studies. A shortcut to this delicate pathway is computational-based analysis of FDA-approved drugs against assigned molecular targets of the coronavirus. In this study, we virtually screened a library of FDA-approved drugs prescribed for different therapeutic purposes against versatile COVID-19 specific proteins which are crucial for the virus life cycle. Three antibiotics in our screening polymyxin B, bafilomycin A, and rifampicin show motivating binding stability with more than one target of the virus. Another category of tested drugs is oral antiseptics of mouth rinsing solutions that unexpectedly exhibited significant affinity to the target proteins employed by the virus for attachment and cell internalization. Other OTC drugs widely used and tested in our study are heartburn drugs and they show no significant binding. We tested also some other drugs falling under the scope of investigation regarding interference with a degree of severity of COVID-19 like angiotensin II blockers used as antihypertensive, and our study suggests a therapeutic rather than predisposing effect of these drugs against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 11152, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Baz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 11152, Egypt.
| | - Nashwa H Mohamed
- Hospitals of Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al Sharqia, 44519, Egypt
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al Sharqia, 44519, Egypt.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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13
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Miyah Y, Benjelloun M, Lairini S, Lahrichi A. COVID-19 Impact on Public Health, Environment, Human Psychology, Global Socioeconomy, and Education. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:5578284. [PMID: 35069037 PMCID: PMC8767375 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5578284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The end of the year 2019 was marked by the introduction of a third highly pathogenic coronavirus, after SARS-CoV (2003) and MERS-CoV (2012), in the human population which was officially declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Indeed, the pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19) has evolved at an unprecedented rate: after its emergence in Wuhan, the capital of the province of Hubei of the People's Republic of China, in December 2019, the total number of confirmed cases did not cease growing very quickly in the world. In this manuscript, we have provided an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on health, and we have proposed different nutrients suitable for infected patients to boost their immune systems. On the other hand, we have described the advantages and disadvantages of COVID-19 on the environment including the quality of water, air, waste management, and energy consumption, as well as the impact of this pandemic on human psychology, the educational system, and the global economy. In addition, we have tried to come up with some solutions to counter the negative repercussions of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Miyah
- Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Catalysis, and Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, School of Technology, Post Office Box 2427, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benjelloun
- Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Catalysis, and Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, School of Technology, Post Office Box 2427, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sanae Lairini
- Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Catalysis, and Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, School of Technology, Post Office Box 2427, Fez, Morocco
| | - Anissa Lahrichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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14
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Black SD. Molecular Modeling and Preliminary Clinical Data Suggesting Antiviral Activity for Chlorpheniramine (Chlorphenamine) Against COVID-19. Cureus 2022; 14:e20980. [PMID: 35154957 PMCID: PMC8820487 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Charelli LE, de Mattos GC, de Jesus Sousa-Batista A, Pinto JC, Balbino TA. Polymeric nanoparticles as therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 24:12. [PMID: 35035277 PMCID: PMC8747451 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-022-05396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to improve the combat against life-threatening conditions. Considering the COVID-19 scenario, and future outbreaks, nanotechnology can play a pivotal role in several steps, ranging from disinfection protocols, manufacture of hospital clothes, to implementation of healthcare settings. Polymeric nanoparticles are colloidal particles with size ranging from 10 to 999 nm, composed of natural or synthetic polymers. The versatility of polymeric-based nanoparticle engineering can provide (i) specificity, (ii) tunable release kinetics, and (iii) multimodal drug composition, making it possible to overcome common limitations encountered during traditional drug development. Consequently, these particles have been widely used as drug delivery systems against several diseases, such as cancer. Due to inherent competitive advantages, polymeric-based nanoparticles hold astonishing potential to counteract the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For this reason, in the present study, the latest advancements in polymer-based nanotechnology approaches used to fight against SARS-CoV-2 are compiled and discussed. Moreover, the importance of forefront in vitro technologies - such as 3D bioprinting and organ-on-chip - to evaluate the efficacy of nanotherapeutic agents is also highlighted. Polymeric nanoparticles can be functionalized to enhance its potential as a nanotherapeutic agent. Due to its many advantages, polymeric-based nanoparticles systems are a promising approach against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Emiliano Charelli
- Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Calidone de Mattos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariane de Jesus Sousa-Batista
- Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pinto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Albertini Balbino
- Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Jukič M, Kores K, Janežič D, Bren U. Repurposing of Drugs for SARS-CoV-2 Using Inverse Docking Fingerprints. Front Chem 2021; 9:757826. [PMID: 35028304 PMCID: PMC8748264 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.757826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family. This group of viruses commonly causes colds but possesses a tremendous pathogenic potential. In humans, an outbreak of SARS caused by the SARS-CoV virus was first reported in 2003, followed by 2012 when the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) led to an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Moreover, COVID-19 represents a serious socioeconomic and global health problem that has already claimed more than four million lives. To date, there are only a handful of therapeutic options to combat this disease, and only a single direct-acting antiviral, the conditionally approved remdesivir. Since there is an urgent need for active drugs against SARS-CoV-2, the strategy of drug repurposing represents one of the fastest ways to achieve this goal. An in silico drug repurposing study using two methods was conducted. A structure-based virtual screening of the FDA-approved drug database on SARS-CoV-2 main protease was performed, and the 11 highest-scoring compounds with known 3CLpro activity were identified while the methodology was used to report further 11 potential and completely novel 3CLpro inhibitors. Then, inverse molecular docking was performed on the entire viral protein database as well as on the Coronaviridae family protein subset to examine the hit compounds in detail. Instead of target fishing, inverse docking fingerprints were generated for each hit compound as well as for the five most frequently reported and direct-acting repurposed drugs that served as controls. In this way, the target-hitting space was examined and compared and we can support the further biological evaluation of all 11 newly reported hits on SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro as well as recommend further in-depth studies on antihelminthic class member compounds. The authors acknowledge the general usefulness of this approach for a full-fledged inverse docking fingerprint screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jukič
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Kores
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dušanka Janežič
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
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17
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Manik M, Singh RK. Role of toll-like receptors in modulation of cytokine storm signaling in SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 94:869-877. [PMID: 34672376 PMCID: PMC8662021 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Balanced immune regulation is crucial for recognizing an invading pathogen, its killing, and elimination. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of the innate immune system. It helps in identifying between self and nonself‐molecule and eventually eliminates the nonself. Endosomal TLR, mainly TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and membrane‐bound TLR4, has a role in the induction of cytokine storms. TLR7/8 recognizes the ssRNA SARS‐COV‐2 and when it replicates to dsRNA, it is recognized by TLR3 and drives the TRIF‐mediated inflammatory signaling like NF‐κB, MAPK. Such signaling leads to significant transcription and translation of pro‐inflammatory genes, releasing inflammatory molecules into the systemic circulation, causing an imbalance in the system. So, whenever an imbalance occurs, a surge in the pro‐inflammatory mediators is observed in the blood, including cytokines like interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐8, interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. IL‐6 and IL‐1β are one of the driving factors for bringing the cytokine storm into the systemic circulation, which migrates into the other organs, causing multiple organ failures leading to the death of the individual with severe illness. The imbalanced and hyper responsive immune system leads to a surge leading to death of the infected patients in COVID‐19. It has been observed that cytokine surge is TLR induced, mainly through activation of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8 receptors. The cytokine storm migrates into the other organ through systemic circulation. The inflammation and the organ damage occur due to the TLR mediated NF‐κB, MAPK pathway. Hence blocking these specific TLRs may alleviate the chance of SARS‐COV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Manik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Isaac-Lam MF. Molecular modeling of the interaction of ligands with ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complex. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:55. [PMID: 34631362 PMCID: PMC8495439 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a new communicable disease with a widespread outbreak that affects all populations worldwide triggering a rush of scientific interest in coronavirus research globally. In silico molecular docking experiment was utilized to determine interactions of available compounds with SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) complex. Chimera and AutoDock Vina were used for protein-ligand interaction structural analysis. Ligands were chosen based on the known characteristics and indications of the drugs as ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, quinapril, moexipril, benazepril, ramipril, perindopril, zofenopril, fosinopril), as ACE2 blockers (losartan, olmesartan), as blood thinning agent (clopidogrel), as cholesterol-lowering prescriptions (simvastatin, atorvastatin), repurposed medications (dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine), and as investigational drug (remdesivir). Experimental ACE/ACE2 inhibitors are also included: Sigma ACEI, N-(2-aminoethyl)-1-aziridine-ethanamine (NAAE), nicotianamine (NAM), and MLN-4760 (ACE2 inhibitor). The best docked conformations were all located in the ACE2 protein, 50% docked at the interface with lower scores and only clopidogrel and hydroxychloroquine docked at the spike protein. Captopril, moexipril, benazepril, fosinopril, losartan, remdesivir, Sigma ACEI, NAA, and NAM interacted and docked at the interface of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complex. This may have significant implication in enhancing our understanding of the mechanism to hinder viral entry into the host organism during infection. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00114-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meden F. Isaac-Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN 46391 USA
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19
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Swayamsiddha S, Prashant K, Shaw D, Mohanty C. The prospective of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Pandemic. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 11:1311-1320. [PMID: 34603925 PMCID: PMC8476291 DOI: 10.1007/s12553-021-00601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major threat throughout the world. The latest advancements in the field of computational techniques based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Big Data can help in detecting, monitoring and forecasting the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to review the detection of the COVID-19 pandemic empowered by AI, major implications, challenges and the future of smart health care at a glance. The AI plays a pioneering role in rapid and improved detection of the disease. It helps in modeling the disease activity and predicting the severity for better decision making and preparedness by healthcare authorities and policymakers. It is a promising technology for automatic and fully transparent monitoring system to track and treat the patients remotely without spreading the virus to others. The future application areas of AI-based healthcare are also identified. The role of AI in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic is reviewed in this paper. AI proves beneficial in early detection with improved results. It also provides solution for contact tracing, prediction, drug development thus reducing the workload of medical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Swayamsiddha
- School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Kumar Prashant
- School of Computer Science, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Devansh Shaw
- School of Computer Science, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Chandana Mohanty
- School of Applied Science, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
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20
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. COVID-19: a new emerging respiratory disease from the neurological perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40445-40459. [PMID: 33590398 PMCID: PMC7884096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a challenging public health catastrophe worldwide. The newly emerged disease spread in almost all countries and infected 100 million persons worldwide. The infection is not limited to the respiratory system but involves various body systems and may lead to multiple organ failure. Tissue degenerative changes result from direct viral invasion, indirect consequences, or through an uncontrolled immune response. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads to the brain via hematogenous and neural routes accompanied with dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. The involvement of the central nervous system is now suspected to be among the main causes of death. The present review discusses the historical background of coronaviruses, their role in previous and ongoing pandemics, the way they escape the immune system, why they are able to spread despite all undertaken measures, in addition to the neurological manifestations, long-term consequences of the disease, and various routes of viral introduction to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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21
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Shaldam MA, Yahya G, Mohamed NH, Abdel-Daim MM, Al Naggar Y. In silico screening of potent bioactive compounds from honeybee products against COVID-19 target enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40507-40514. [PMID: 33934306 PMCID: PMC8088405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
After the early advent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, myriads of FDA-approved drugs have been massively repurposed for COVID-19 treatment based on molecular docking against selected protein targets that play fundamental roles in the replication cycle of the novel coronavirus. Honeybee products are well known of their nutritional values and medicinal effects. Bee products contain bioactive compounds in the form of a collection of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenes of natural origin that display wide spectrum antiviral effects. We revealed by molecular docking the profound binding affinity of 14 selected phenolics and terpenes present in honey and propolis (bees glue) against the main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzymes of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus (the causative agent of COVID-19) using AutoDock Vina software. Of these compounds, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin have the strongest interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 target enzymes, and it may be considered an effective COVID-19 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr EL Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia, 44519, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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22
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Park A, Harris LK. Gene Expression Meta-Analysis Reveals Interferon-Induced Genes Associated With SARS Infection in Lungs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694355. [PMID: 34367154 PMCID: PMC8342995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) corona virus (CoV) infections are a serious public health threat because of their pandemic-causing potential. This work is the first to analyze mRNA expression data from SARS infections through meta-analysis of gene signatures, possibly identifying therapeutic targets associated with major SARS infections. Methods This work defines 37 gene signatures representing SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV2 infections in human lung cultures and/or mouse lung cultures or samples and compares them through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). To do this, positive and negative infectious clone SARS (icSARS) gene panels are defined from GSEA-identified leading-edge genes between two icSARS-CoV derived signatures, both from human cultures. GSEA then is used to assess enrichment and identify leading-edge icSARS panel genes between icSARS gene panels and 27 other SARS-CoV gene signatures. The meta-analysis is expanded to include five MERS-CoV and three SARS-CoV2 gene signatures. Genes associated with SARS infection are predicted by examining the intersecting membership of GSEA-identified leading-edges across gene signatures. Results Significant enrichment (GSEA p<0.001) is observed between two icSARS-CoV derived signatures, and those leading-edge genes defined the positive (233 genes) and negative (114 genes) icSARS panels. Non-random significant enrichment (null distribution p<0.001) is observed between icSARS panels and all verification icSARSvsmock signatures derived from human cultures, from which 51 over- and 22 under-expressed genes are shared across leading-edges with 10 over-expressed genes already associated with icSARS infection. For the icSARSvsmock mouse signature, significant, non-random significant enrichment held for only the positive icSARS panel, from which nine genes are shared with icSARS infection in human cultures. Considering other SARS strains, significant, non-random enrichment (p<0.05) is observed across signatures derived from other SARS strains for the positive icSARS panel. Five positive icSARS panel genes, CXCL10, OAS3, OASL, IFIT3, and XAF1, are found across mice and human signatures regardless of SARS strains. Conclusion The GSEA-based meta-analysis approach used here identifies genes with and without reported associations with SARS-CoV infections, highlighting this approach’s predictability and usefulness in identifying genes that have potential as therapeutic targets to preclude or overcome SARS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Park
- Harris Interdisciplinary Research, Davenport University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Laura K Harris
- Harris Interdisciplinary Research, Davenport University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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23
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Sayad B, Khodarahmi R, Najafi F, Miladi R, Mohseni Afshar Z, Mansouri F, Rahimi Z, Shirvani M, Salimi M, Vaziri S, Janbakhsh A, Khosravi Shadmani F, Bozorgomid A, Zamanian MH, Afsharian M. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir versus the standard of care in adults hospitalized with COVID-19: a single-centre, randomized controlled trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2158-2167. [PMID: 34037760 PMCID: PMC8194643 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of patients experience asymptomatic to mild self-limited disease, but some cases progress to respiratory and multi-organ failure. However, so far, no approved antiviral therapy has been available for treatment of COVID-19. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) is an approved anti-HCV drug that is capable of suppressing other families of positive-sense RNA viruses with conserved polymerase and may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the SOF/VEL combination in addition to the national standard of care versus the national standard of care alone (hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir as well as supportive care) in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. Methods This single-centre, randomized, open-labelled, prospective clinical trial was done in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 admitted to Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the SOF/VEL arm (SOF/VEL plus the national standard of care) or the control arm (the national standard of care alone). The main outcome of the study was the mortality on Day 28 after randomization. Secondary outcomes were time from the start of medication to clinical improvement, hospital length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation and conversion of RT–PCR results from positive to negative from the time of randomization to discharge. Adverse events were evaluated in all patients who started their assigned treatment. Results Between 11 April and 8 June 2020, 80 patients were recruited and randomly assigned into the SOF/VEL (n = 40) and control (n = 40) arms. The primary outcome was not significantly different between the two arms (P = 1.00). Secondary outcomes, including time to clinical improvement, hospital length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation and RT–PCR conversion, were not significantly different between arms either (P > 0.05). SOF/VEL treatment and the national standard of care were tolerated similarly. Conclusions Although treatment with SOF/VEL was safe, adding SOF/VEL to the standard of care did not improve the clinical status or reduce mortality in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. However, larger randomized clinical trials including more parameters are needed for accurate estimation of the efficacy of SOF/VEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Sayad
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ronak Miladi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohseni Afshar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Feizollah Mansouri
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maria Shirvani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salimi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Vaziri
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Janbakhsh
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Zamanian
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mandana Afsharian
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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24
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Montes-Grajales D, Olivero-Verbel J. Bioinformatics Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes as Vaccine Candidates for the Colombian Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070797. [PMID: 34358213 PMCID: PMC8310250 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 represents an enormous challenge to global public health, with thousands of infections and deaths in over 200 countries worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify SARS-CoV-2 epitopes with potential to interact in silico with the alleles of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA I) and class II (HLA II) commonly found in the Colombian population to promote both CD4 and CD8 immune responses against this virus. The generation and evaluation of the peptides in terms of HLA I and HLA II binding, immune response, toxicity and allergenicity were performed by using computer-aided tools, such as NetMHCpan 4.1, NetMHCIIpan 4.0, VaxiJem, ToxinPred and AllerTop. Furthermore, the interaction between the predicted epitopes with HLA I and HLA II proteins frequently found in the Colombian population was studied through molecular docking simulations in AutoDock Vina and interaction analysis in LigPlot+. One of the promising peptides proposed in this study is the HLA I epitope YQPYRVVVL, which displayed an estimated coverage of over 82% and 96% for the Colombian and worldwide population, respectively. These findings could be useful for the design of new epitope-vaccines that include Colombia among their population target.
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25
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Si R, Lu Q, Aziz N. Impact of COVID-19 on peoples' willingness to consume wild animals: Empirical insights from China. One Health 2021; 12:100240. [PMID: 33898724 PMCID: PMC8056415 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide and presented an unprecedented challenge to public health and food systems. It is debated in the literature that SARS-CoV-2 accountable for COVID-19 originated from nature, and wildlife colonized in nature are also likely to cause COVID-19 havoc. In this study, we attempted to explore the effect of COVID-19 on peoples' willingness to consume and pay for wild animals. Data were gathered online from 1250 household heads of both urban and rural residents of Hubei, Hunan, and Guangdong provinces of China from the 19th to March 26th, 2020. The Probit and Tobit models were employed to meet the study objectives, and the results showed that around 39% of residents were willing to consume wild animals (WCWA), and their amount of willingness to pay (AWP) was 134.65 USD/year. The mediating effects of market control & home restriction policies showed strong effects between COVID-19 and peoples' WCWA. In contrast, the results of ecological environment risk and food security risk perceptions showed relatively weaker effects. The overall results of the current study provided acumens for policymakers to raise awareness within the populations concerning the adverse upshots resulting from consuming wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishi Si
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Noshaba Aziz
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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26
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Vartak R, Patil SM, Saraswat A, Patki M, Kunda NK, Patel K. Aerosolized nanoliposomal carrier of remdesivir: an effective alternative for COVID-19 treatment in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1187-1202. [PMID: 33982600 PMCID: PMC8117723 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To formulate an aerosolized nanoliposomal carrier for remdesivir (AL-Rem) against coronavirus disease 2019. Methods: AL-Rem was prepared using modified hydration technique. Cytotoxicity in lung adenocarcinoma cells, stability and aerodynamic characteristics of developed liposomes were evaluated. Results: AL-Rem showed high encapsulation efficiency of 99.79%, with hydrodynamic diameter of 71.46 ± 1.35 nm and surface charge of -32 mV. AL-Rem demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity in A549 cells and retained monolayer integrity of Calu-3 cells. AL-Rem showed sustained release, with complete drug release obtained within 50 h in simulated lung fluid. Long-term stability indicated >90% drug recovery at 4°C. Desirable aerosol performance, with mass median aerodynamic diameter of 4.56 ± 0.55 and fine particle fraction of 74.40 ± 2.96%, confirmed successful nebulization of AL-Rem. Conclusion: AL-Rem represents an effective alternative for coronavirus disease 2019 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Vartak
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Suyash M Patil
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Aishwarya Saraswat
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Manali Patki
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nitesh K Kunda
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
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27
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Kim H, Lee HS, Ahn JH, Hong KS, Jang JG, An J, Mun YH, Yoo SY, Choi YJ, Yun MY, Song GY, Joo J, Na DH, Kim HN, Park HH, Lee JY, Lee W. Lung-selective 25-hydroxycholesterol nanotherapeutics as a suppressor of COVID-19-associated cytokine storm. NANO TODAY 2021; 38:101149. [PMID: 33846686 PMCID: PMC8026257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In response to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), global efforts are focused on the development of new therapeutic interventions. For the treatment of COVID-19, selective lung-localizing strategies hold tremendous potential, as SARS-CoV-2 invades the lung via ACE2 receptors and causes severe pneumonia. Similarly, recent reports have shown the association of COVID-19 with decreased 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) and increased cytokine levels. This mechanism, which involves the activation of inflammatory NF-κB- and SREBP2-mediated inflammasome signaling pathways, is believed to play a crucial role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. To resolve those clinical conditions observed in severe SARS-CoV-2 patients, we report 25-HC and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) nanovesicles (25-HC@DDAB) as a COVID-19 drug candidate for the restoration of intracellular cholesterol level and suppression of cytokine storm. Our data demonstrate that 25-HC@DDAB can selectively accumulate the lung tissues and effectively downregulate NF-κB and SREBP2 signaling pathways in COVID-19 patient-derived PBMCs, reducing inflammatory cytokine levels. Altogether, our findings suggest that 25-HC@DDAB is a promising candidate for the treatment of symptoms associated with severe COVID-19 patients, such as decreased cholesterol level and cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - June Hong Ahn
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Hong
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Geol Jang
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon An
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyeon Mun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeol Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Yun
- Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 62396, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- AREZ Co. Ltd., Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-Machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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28
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Attia YA, El-Saadony MT, Swelum AA, Qattan SYA, Al-Qurashi AD, Asiry KA, Shafi ME, Elbestawy AR, Gado AR, Khafaga AF, Hussein EOS, Ba-Awadh H, Tiwari R, Dhama K, Alhussaini B, Alyileili SR, El-Tarabily KA, Abd El-Hack ME. COVID-19: pathogenesis, advances in treatment and vaccine development and environmental impact-an updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22241-22264. [PMID: 33733422 PMCID: PMC7969349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diseases negatively impact the environment, causing many health risks and the spread of pollution and hazards. A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a recent respiratory syndrome epidemic in humans. In December 2019, the sudden emergence of this new coronavirus and the subsequent severe disease it causes created a serious global health threat and hazards. This is in contrast to the two aforementioned coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 (in 2002) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV (in 2012), which were much more easily contained. The World Health Organization (WHO) dubbed this contagious respiratory disease an "epidemic outbreak" in March 2020. More than 80 companies and research institutions worldwide are working together, in cooperation with many governmental agencies, to develop an effective vaccine. To date, six authorized vaccines have been registered. Up till now, no approved drugs and drug scientists are racing from development to clinical trials to find new drugs for COVID-19. Wild animals, such as snakes, bats, and pangolins are the main sources of coronaviruses, as determined by the sequence homology between MERS-CoV and viruses in these animals. Human infection is caused by inhalation of respiratory droplets. To date, the only available treatment protocol for COVID-19 is based on the prevalent clinical signs. This review aims to summarize the current information regarding the origin, evolution, genomic organization, epidemiology, and molecular and cellular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the diagnostic and treatment approaches for COVID-19 and its impact on global health, environment, and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Attia
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shaza Y A Qattan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel D Al-Qurashi
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Asiry
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Gado
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Elsayed O S Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 122, India
| | - Bakr Alhussaini
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem R Alyileili
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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29
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Greenwall L, Cebula M, Greenwall Cohen J, Effenberger S. COVID-19 testing in a UK dental practice - results of a pilot study. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-021-2849-7. [PMID: 33883703 PMCID: PMC8058572 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused a disease outbreak that soon became a global pandemic. Dentists are potentially exposed to infectious microorganisms, including SARS-CoV-2, by virtue of the transmission routes and work environment. This study aims to determine the infection load in a dental healthcare setting during the onset of the pandemic in the UK, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of recommended test regimens in order to estimate potential risks for caregivers and patients in a dynamically changing pandemic environment.Methods Twenty-four persons (dental personnel of one dental office and family contacts) were included in this pilot study, and their infection load was determined between March and May 2020 using antigen and antibody tests.Results Of the 24 subjects, three tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were quarantined accordingly. After six weeks, they tested negative for the virus, had built antibodies and had no remaining symptoms, enabling an efficient return to work.Conclusion This paper outlines the results of COVID-19 testing in a dental practice during the onset of the pandemic, and discusses possible strategies and protocols to gain certainty in the dental practice, assessing possible testing scenarios that can be performed in a primary healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Greenwall
- Private Practice, Greenwall Dental, 5 Elm Terrace, NW3 2LL, London, UK.
| | - Marcus Cebula
- Clinical Research, DMG Dental-Material Gesellschaft mbH, Elbgaustrasse 248, 22547, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Effenberger
- Clinical Research, DMG Dental-Material Gesellschaft mbH, Elbgaustrasse 248, 22547, Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Barreira DF, Lourenço RA, Calisto R, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Santos LL, Videira PA. Assessment of the Safety and Therapeutic Benefits of Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:660688. [PMID: 33889590 PMCID: PMC8055850 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.660688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), prompted a global health crisis, with no available specific treatments. Convalescent plasma (CP) with neutralizing antibodies could be a promising therapeutic approach to reduce mortality. Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of CP for COVID-19 and to assess its safety and efficacy in reducing the patients' mortality. Methods: We retrieved clinical trial references from multiple Databases (e.g., PubMed, B-On, SCOPUS), for complete studies until November 26th 2020. We included Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and controlled non-randomized trials (CNRT), that assessed the efficacy of CP to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Trials were included regardless of concomitant medications in the intervention's arms. Eleven trials met our eligibility criteria. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We defined a methodological protocol to extract and evaluate all pertinent baseline demographics and interventions' characteristics from trials. The primary outcomes were the safety profile of CP, measured by the type, frequency and severity of adverse events, and CP effectiveness in reducing mortality, measured by the number of deaths registered for this therapy. Results: We assessed 11 trials (5 RCT and 6 CNRT) with 3,098 participants, of whom 923 patients were treated with CP. Only 32 (3.5%) of the treated patients suffered adverse events (from which 9.4% serious transfusion-related adverse events). The overall mortality rates were significantly decreased by CP administration {risk ratio (RR) 0.71, p = 0.005, 95% confidence interval (Cl) [0.57-0.90]}, with low heterogeneity. In the sub-analysis by period of transfusion, CP transfusion within a week of hospitalization contributed to diminished mortality rate (RR = 0.71, p = 0.03, 95%Cl [0.53-0.96]). CP therapy also led to significantly reduced viral loads at 72 h after transfusion (RR = 0.61, p = 0.04, 95%Cl [0.38-0.98]), despite high heterogeneity due to disease severity. Conclusion: This meta-analysis established CP as a safe and potentially effective therapy for COVID-19, decreasing the mortality rates and promoting a swift viral clearance. Further studies are necessary to provide stronger evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferreira Barreira
- Department of Life Sciences, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Adubeiro Lourenço
- Department of Life Sciences, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Calisto
- Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Surgical Oncology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Videira
- Department of Life Sciences, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG and Allies-PPAIN), Lisboa, Portugal
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Ikonne EU, Ikpeazu VO, Ugbogu OC, Emmanuel O, Nwakuche IP, Iweala EJ, Ugbogu EA. A review on the clinical trials of repurposing therapeutic drugs, mechanisms and preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 36:dmdi-2020-0184. [PMID: 33818026 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmittable pathogenic viral infection that causes a disease known as COVID-19. It is a pandemic and public health challenge ravaging the world today. Unfortunately, with the daily increase of infected individuals, there is no known drug approved for the treatment of COVID-19. However, there are therapeutic drugs with the potentials to inhibit endocytic pathways, suppress ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase activities, and reduce the replication of SARS-CoV-2. These drugs modifications are aimed at reducing inflammation, time of recovery, and number of deaths. This review is aimed at providing updated information on the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, preventive measures and therapeutic drugs used against SARS-CoV-2. The finding of this review revealed that some of these drugs are transmembrane protease, serine 2, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors with the capacity to block the entrance/replication of SARS-CoV-2 in a host cell and therefore, may be promising in preventing the spread and mortality of SARS-CoV-2. However, these drugs may cause detrimental health effects such as toxic and non-efficacy issues. Therefore great caution should be employed by health professionals when prescribing these drugs to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazer U Ikonne
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Victor O Ikpeazu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Ositadinma C Ugbogu
- Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu P Nwakuche
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Emeka J Iweala
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Eziuche A Ugbogu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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Pooladanda V, Thatikonda S, Muvvala SP, Devabattula G, Godugu C. BRD4 targeting nanotherapy prevents lipopolysaccharide induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120536. [PMID: 33781885 PMCID: PMC7997899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life threatening respiratory disease associated with pulmonary edema, alveolar dysfunction, hypoxia, and inflammatory cell accumulation. The most contagious form of COVID-19 associated with ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 majorly produces the cytokine storm and severe lung inflammation and ultimately leads to respiratory failure. ARDS is a complex disease and there is no proper therapeutics for effective therapy. Still, there is a huge scope to identify novel targets to combat respiratory illness. In the current study, we have identified the epigenetic regulating protein BRD4 and developed siRNA based nanomedicine to treat the ARDS. The liposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration method, where BRD4 siRNA complexed with cationic lipid and exhibited 96.24 ± 18.01 nm size and stable even in the presence of RNase. BRD4 siRNA lipoplexes (BRD4-siRNA-LP) inhibited inflammatory cells in lungs and suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the neutrophil infiltration and mast cell accumulation. Also, BRD4 siRNA based nanomedicine significantly reduced the LPS induced cytokine storm followed by inflammatory signaling pathways. Interestingly, BRD4-siRNA-LP suppressed the LPS-induced p65 and STAT3 nuclear translocation and ameliorated the lung inflammation. Thus, BRD4-siRNA-LP could be a plausible therapeutic option for treating ARDS and might be useful for combating the COVID-19 associated respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sowjanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sai Priya Muvvala
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Geetanjali Devabattula
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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Lu J, Guo Z, Che S, Gao F, Gu Z, Xu J, Chi Y, Xu W, Zhang J, Takuya N, Yu J, Zhao L. Dihydroartemisinin loaded layered double hydroxide nanocomposites for tumor specific photothermal-chemodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:11082-11089. [PMID: 33206112 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01964j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the inspiration to develop new cancer nanotherapeutics by repurposing old drugs, in the current study, a novel two dimensional nanomedicine namely Mn doped, dihydroartemisinin (DHA) loaded layered double hydroxide (MnMgFe-LDH/DHA) with peroxide self-supplying properties for enhanced photothermal-chemodynamic therapy was proposed. Such nanostructures could be synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method, and the as-prepared MnMgFe-LDH/DHA exhibits excellent photothermal properties with a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 10.7%. Besides, the in situ reaction between the released DHA and Fe2+/Mn2+ produced by the degradation of LDH can lead to a burst of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Fenton-like reactions. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments demonstrate that MnMgFe-LDH/DHA exhibits a remarkable chemodynamic/photothermal therapy (CDT/PTT) synergistic effect on tumor treatment with negligible damage to normal tissues. Finally, this research provides a smart strategy to construct a DHA repurposing nanomedicine for tumor specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Lu
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenhu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shenglei Che
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongjie Chi
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wanling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nonaka Takuya
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Research Center of Magnetic and Electronic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Adeleye OA, Femi-Oyewo MN, Bamiro OA, Bakre LG, Alabi A, Ashidi JS, Balogun-Agbaje OA, Hassan OM, Fakoya G. Ethnomedicinal herbs in African traditional medicine with potential activity for the prevention, treatment, and management of coronavirus disease 2019. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:72. [PMID: 33778086 PMCID: PMC7980728 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnomedicine, a study of traditional medicine, is significant in drug discovery and development. African traditional medicine has been in existence for several thousands of years, and several drugs have been discovered and developed from it. MAIN TEXT The deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has widely spread globally with high mortality and morbidity. Its prevention, treatment and management still pose a serious challenge. A drug for the cure of this disease is yet to be developed. The clinical management at present is based on symptomatic treatment as presented by individuals infected and this is by combination of more than two drugs such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-microbials. Literature search was performed through electronic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and several research reports including WHO technical documents and monographs. CONCLUSION Drug discovery from herbs is essential and should be exploited for the discovery of drugs for the management of COVID-19. This review is aimed at identifying ethnomedicinal herbs available in Africa that could be used for the discovery and development of a drug for the prevention, treatment, and management of the novel coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutayo Ademola Adeleye
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Mbang Nyong Femi-Oyewo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Oluyemisi Adebowale Bamiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Lateef Gbenga Bakre
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Akinyinka Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Joseph Senu Ashidi
- Department of Plant Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwakemi Mary Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola Fakoya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State Nigeria
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35
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Brownstein NC, Chen YA. Predictive values, uncertainty, and interpretation of serology tests for the novel coronavirus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5491. [PMID: 33750810 PMCID: PMC7943825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies testing in the coronavirus era is frequently promoted, but the underlying statistics behind their validation has come under more scrutiny in recent weeks. We provide calculations, interpretations, and plots of positive and negative predictive values under a variety of scenarios. Prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity are estimated within ranges of values from researchers and antibodies manufacturers. Illustrative examples are highlighted, and interactive plots are provided in the Supplementary Information. Implications are discussed for society overall and across diverse locations with different levels of disease burden. Specifically, the proportion of positive serology tests that are false can differ drastically from up to 3%-88% for people from different places with different proportions of infected people in the populations while the false negative rate is typically under 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C Brownstein
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Yian Ann Chen
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tampa, FL, USA
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36
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Shahcheraghi SH, Ayatollahi J, Aljabali AAA, Shastri MD, Shukla SD, Chellappan DK, Jha NK, Anand K, Katari NK, Mehta M, Satija S, Dureja H, Mishra V, Almutary AG, Alnuqaydan AM, Charbe N, Prasher P, Gupta G, Dua K, Lotfi M, Bakshi HA, Tambuwala MM. An overview of vaccine development for COVID-19. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:235-244. [PMID: 33624533 PMCID: PMC7923686 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to endanger world health and the economy. The causative SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has a unique replication system. The end point of the COVID-19 pandemic is either herd immunity or widespread availability of an effective vaccine. Multiple candidate vaccines - peptide, virus-like particle, viral vectors (replicating and nonreplicating), nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), live attenuated virus, recombinant designed proteins and inactivated virus - are presently under various stages of expansion, and a small number of vaccine candidates have progressed into clinical phases. At the time of writing, three major pharmaceutical companies, namely Pfizer and Moderna, have their vaccines under mass production and administered to the public. This review aims to investigate the most critical vaccines developed for COVID-19 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed H Shahcheraghi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jamshid Ayatollahi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alaa AA Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Madhur D Shastri
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Niraj K Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences & National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Naresh K Katari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 340, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Abortion Research Center, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamid A Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
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Umakanthan S, Chattu VK, Ranade AV, Das D, Basavarajegowda A, Bukelo M. A rapid review of recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination for COVID-19. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:137-153. [PMID: 33575413 PMCID: PMC7870385 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, Hubei province, Central China, in December 2019 and since then has spread rapidly, resulting in a severe pandemic. The infected patient presents with varying non-specific symptoms requiring an accurate and rapid diagnostic tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. This is followed by effective patient isolation and early treatment initiation ranging from supportive therapy to specific drugs such as corticosteroids, antiviral agents, antibiotics, and the recently introduced convalescent plasma. The development of an efficient vaccine has been an on-going challenge by various nations and research companies. A literature search was conducted in early December 2020 in all the major databases such as Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines. The findings are discussed in three main thematic areas namely diagnostic approaches, therapeutic options, and potential vaccines in various phases of development. Therefore, an effective and economical vaccine remains the only retort to combat COVID-19 successfully to save millions of lives during this pandemic. However, there is a great scope for further research in discovering cost-effective and safer therapeutics, vaccines and strategies to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 prevention and treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Umakanthan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
- Division of Occupational Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2C5, Canada
| | - Anu V Ranade
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, USA
| | - Debasmita Das
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nuvance Health Danbury Hospital Campus, Connecticut, Zip 06810, USA
| | - Abhishekh Basavarajegowda
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, PIN-605006, India
| | - Maryann Bukelo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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38
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Repurposing drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Pharm Pat Anal 2021; 10:9-12. [PMID: 33445955 PMCID: PMC7814678 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li D, Hu J, Li D, Yang W, Yin SF, Qiu R. Reviews on Biological Activity, Clinical Trial and Synthesis Progress of Small Molecules for the Treatment of COVID-19. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:4. [PMID: 33428032 PMCID: PMC7797499 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has broken out rapidly in nearly all countries worldwide, and has blossomed into a pandemic. Since the beginning of the spread of COVID-19, many scientists have been cooperating to study a vast array of old drugs and new clinical trial drugs to discover potent drugs with anti-COVID-19 activity, including antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, immunosuppressants, Chinese medicines, Mpro inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, etc. The most commonly used drugs are antiviral compounds, antimalarial drugs and JAK inhibitors. In this review, we summarize mainly the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, the antiviral drugs Favipiravir and Remdesivir, and JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib, discussing their biological activities, clinical trials and synthesis progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dian Li
- Department of Modern Economy and Trade, Hunan Vocational College of Engineering, Changsha, 410151, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
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Pooladanda V, Thatikonda S, Sunnapu O, Tiwary S, Vemula PK, Talluri MVNK, Godugu C. iRGD conjugated nimbolide liposomes protect against endotoxin induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102351. [PMID: 33418136 PMCID: PMC7833751 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a deadly respiratory illness associated with refractory hypoxemia and pulmonary edema. The recent pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 is associated with severe pneumonia and inflammatory cytokine storm in the lungs. The anti-inflammatory phytomedicine nimbolide (NIM) may not be feasible for clinical translation due to poor pharmacokinetic properties and lack of suitable delivery systems. To overcome these barriers, we have developed nimbolide liposomes conjugated with iRGD peptide (iRGD-NIMLip) for targeting lung inflammation. It was observed that iRGD-NIMLip treatment significantly inhibited oxidative stress and cytokine storm compared to nimbolide free-drug (f-NIM), nimbolide liposomes (NIMLip), and exhibited superior activity compared to dexamethasone (DEX). iRGD-NIMLip abrogated the LPS induced p65 NF-κB, Akt, MAPK, Integrin β3 and β5, STAT3, and DNMT1 expression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that iRGD-NIMLip could be a promising novel drug delivery system to target severe pathological consequences observed in ARDS and COVID-19 associated cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sowjanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Omprakash Sunnapu
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shristy Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M V N Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Adithya J, Nair B, Aishwarya TS, Nath LR. The Plausible Role of Indian Traditional Medicine in Combating Corona Virus (SARS-CoV 2): A Mini-Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:906-919. [PMID: 32767920 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200807111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV 2 is a novel virus strain of Coronavirus, reported in China in late December 2019. Its highly contagious nature in humans has prompted WHO to designate the ongoing pandemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. At this moment, there is no specific treatment and the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive, with prevention aimed at reducing community transmission. A permanent solution for the pandemic, which has brought the world economy to the edge of collapse, is the need of the hour. This situation has brought intense research in traditional systems of medicine. Indian Traditional System, Ayurveda, has a clear concept of the cause and treatment of pandemics. Through this review, information on the potential antiviral traditional medicines along with their immunomodulatory pathways are discussed. We have covered the seven most important Indian traditional plants with antiviral properties: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (family: Solanaceae), Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers (family: Menispermaceae), Phyllanthus emblica L. (family: Euphorbiaceae), Asparagus racemosus L. (family: Liliaceae), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (family: Fabaceae), Ocimum sanctum L. (family: Lamiaceae) and Azadirachta indica A. Juss (family: Meliaceae) in this review. An attempt is also made to bring into limelight the importance of dietary polyphenol, Quercetin, which is a potential drug candidate in the making against the SARS-CoV2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adithya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - T S Aishwarya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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Bellera CL, Llanos M, Gantner ME, Rodriguez S, Gavernet L, Comini M, Talevi A. Can drug repurposing strategies be the solution to the COVID-19 crisis? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:605-612. [PMID: 33345645 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1863943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in disastrous human and economic costs, mainly due to the initial lack of specific treatments. Complementary to immunotherapies, drug repurposing is possibly the best option to arrive at COVID-19 treatments in the short term.Areas covered: Repurposing prospects undergoing clinical trials or with some level of evidence emerging from clinical studies are overviewed. The authors discuss some possible intellectual property and commercial barriers to drug repurposing, and strategies to facilitate equitable access to incoming therapeutic solutions, highlighting the importance of collaborative drug discovery models. Based on a critical analysis of the available literature about in silico screens against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, the authors illustrate how frequently overconfident conclusions are being drawn in COVID-19-related literature.Expert opinion: Most of the current clinical trials on potential COVID-19 treatments are, in fact, drug repurposing examples. In October 2020, the FDA approved a repurposed antiviral, remdesivir, as the first treatment for COVID-19. Considering the high expectations invested in approaching therapeutic solutions, the scientific community must be careful not to raise unrealistic expectations. Today more than ever, the conclusions drawn in scientific reports have to be fully supported by the level of evidence, avoiding any sort of unfounded speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Bellera
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (Lideb), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional De La Plata (UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Manuel Llanos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (Lideb), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional De La Plata (UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Melisa E Gantner
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (Lideb), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional De La Plata (UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (Lideb), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional De La Plata (UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Luciana Gavernet
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (Lideb), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional De La Plata (UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur De Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Research and Development (Lideb), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional De La Plata (UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
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Predictive values, uncertainty, and interpretation of serology tests for the novel coronavirus. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32577683 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies testing in the coronavirus era is frequently promoted, but the underlying statistics behind their validation has come under more scrutiny in recent weeks. We provide calculations, interpretations, and plots of positive and negative predictive values under a variety of scenarios. Prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity are estimated within ranges of values from researchers and antibodies manufacturers. Illustrative examples are highlighted, and interactive plots are provided in the Supplementary Material. Implications are discussed for society overall and across diverse locations with different levels of disease burden. Specifically, the proportion of positive serology tests that are false can differ drastically from up to 3% to 88% for people from different places with different proportions of infected people in the populations while the false negative rate is typically under 10%.
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Mulaw Belete T. An Up-to-Date Overview of Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19 Disease. Clin Pharmacol 2020; 12:203-212. [PMID: 33363416 PMCID: PMC7753885 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s284809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has a great potential to overwhelm the world healthcare systems that may lead to high morbidity and mortality. It also affects world economic development in the future. Currently, no proven effective drugs or vaccines are available for the management of COVID-19 disease. The pace of normal drug development progression is unacceptable in the context of the current pandemic. Therefore, repurposing the existing drugs that were used for the treatment of malaria, Ebola, and influenza helps rapid drug development for COVID-19. Currently, several repurposing candidate drugs are in a clinical trial including, chloroquine monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, interferon, and antiviral therapies. Antiviral drugs like arbidol, remdesiv and favirnavir are the most promising due to the similarities of the viruses regarding viral entry, fusion, uncoating, and replication. This review article provides an overview of the potential therapeutic agent, which displayed better clinical treatment outcomes. Moreover, with further understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, new drugs targeting specific SARS-CoV-2 viral components arise, and investigations on these novels anti-SARSCoV- 2 agents are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafere Mulaw Belete
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Al-Mandhari AS, Brennan RJ, Abubakar A, Hajjeh R. Tackling COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Lancet 2020; 396:1786-1788. [PMID: 33220856 PMCID: PMC7834675 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salim Al-Mandhari
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, PO Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Richard J Brennan
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, PO Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt.
| | - Abdinasir Abubakar
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, PO Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Rana Hajjeh
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, PO Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt
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Bhavana V, Thakor P, Singh SB, Mehra NK. COVID-19: Pathophysiology, treatment options, nanotechnology approaches, and research agenda to combating the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Life Sci 2020; 261:118336. [PMID: 32846164 PMCID: PMC7443335 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent corona virus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has claimed the lives of many around the world and highlighted an urgent need for experimental strategies to prevent, treat and eradicate the virus. COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by a novel corona virus and no approved specific treatment is available yet. A vast number of promising antiviral treatments involving nanotechnology are currently under investigation to aid in the development of COVID-19 drug delivery. The prospective treatment options integrating the ever-expanding field of nanotechnology have been compiled, with the objective to show that these can be potentially developed for COVID-19 treatment. This review summarized the current state of knowledge, research priorities regarding the pandemic and post COVID-19. We also focus on the possible nanotechnology approaches that have proven to be successful against other viruses and the research agenda to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valamla Bhavana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pradip Thakor
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Adhikari N, Amin SA, Jha T. Dissecting the Drug Development Strategies Against SARS-CoV-2 Through Diverse Computational Modeling Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/7653_2020_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Papageorgiou AC, Mohsin I. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein as a Drug and Vaccine Target: Structural Insights into Its Complexes with ACE2 and Antibodies. Cells 2020; 9:E2343. [PMID: 33105869 PMCID: PMC7690584 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, has so far resulted in more than 1.1 M deaths and 40 M cases worldwide with no confirmed remedy yet available. Since the first outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, researchers across the globe have been in a race to develop therapies and vaccines against the disease. SARS-CoV-2, similar to other previously identified Coronaviridae family members, encodes several structural proteins, such as spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid, that are responsible for host penetration, binding, recycling, and pathogenesis. Structural biology has been a key player in understanding the viral infection mechanism and in developing intervention strategies against the new coronavirus. The spike glycoprotein has drawn considerable attention as a means to block viral entry owing to its interactions with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which acts as a receptor. Here, we review the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and its interactions with ACE2 and antibodies. Structural information of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its complexes with ACE2 and antibodies can provide key input for the development of therapies and vaccines against the new coronavirus.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/chemistry
- Binding Sites
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Humans
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Domains/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Babich O, Sukhikh S, Prosekov A, Asyakina L, Ivanova S. Medicinal Plants to Strengthen Immunity during a Pandemic. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E313. [PMID: 33076514 PMCID: PMC7602650 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new effective anti-coronavirus drugs and therapies is important, but it requires significant human, financial and, most importantly, time expenditures. The current pandemic is neither the first nor the last. Humanity has already accumulated considerable survival experience. We cannot do without prevention and epidemiological protection measures. This study reviews medicinal plants that grow in Northeast Asia and whose antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory characteristics are already known, also in the framework of the prevention and treatment of pneumonia of various etiologies. The need for a comprehensive approach to maintaining immunodefences, including functional foods and positive emotions, is emphasized. In the period of pandemics, it is important to research various areas that allow to us accumulate a critical mass of information and cope with the next global disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Lyudmila Asyakina
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of General Mathematics and Informatics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
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Continuous tracking of COVID-19 patients' immune status. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107034. [PMID: 33039966 PMCID: PMC7518179 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immune status of COVID-19 patients is different in each stage. DN and DP cells are negatively correlated with IL-10 and IL-6, respectively. Immune indexes help to distinguish COVID-19 and its severity early. Dynamic immune monitoring can provide a reference for clinical drug selection.
Background COVID-19 is threating human health worldwide. We aim to investigate the dynamic changes of immune status in COVID-19 patients with clinical evolution. Methods Sixty-one COVID-19 patients (42 mild cases and 19 severe cases, 51 cases without secondary infection as non-infection group and 10 cases with secondary bacterial/fungal infection as infection group) and 52 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled from our hospital. Leucocyte classification, lymphocyte subsets and cytokines were detected by full-automatic blood cell analyzer and flow cytometer, respectively. Results Upon admission, eosinophils and lymphocyte subsets decreased significantly, while neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ increased significantly in COVID-19 patients compared to HCs. CD3+ T and DN (CD3+CD4−CD8−) cells appeared sustained decline, leucocytes, neutrophils and IL-10 showed sustained increase in severe group compared to mild group. Compared with the non-infection group, we observed a depletion of eosinophils, CD3+ T and CD4+ T cells, but leucocytes, neutrophils, IL-6 and IL-10 on the contrary in the infection group. Besides, in severe group of COVID-19 patients, DN cells were negatively correlated with IL-10, and DP (CD3+CD4+CD8+) cells were negatively correlated with IL-6. Lymphocytes, eosinophils, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, IL-6 and IL-10 all had great diagnostic efficacy (AUC, 0.905-0.975) for COVID-19. The laboratory indicators of COVID-19 patients with improved condition also showed a recovery trend with time. Conclusions The immune status of COVID-19 patients is different in each stage, and dynamic monitoring of related indicators can help predict the disease and may avoid cytokine storms.
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