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Yenigun S, Ipek Y, Marah S, Demirtas I, Ozen T. DNA protection, molecular docking, antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition, and enzyme kinetic studies for parietin, isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:848-862. [PMID: 37021462 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Parietin was isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.' (methanol:chloroform) extract, using a silica column. 13 C NMR and 1H NMR were used to confirm the structure of the isolated parietin. For the first time, parietin was investigated for its antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA protective activities. Molecular docking was carried out to determine the binding affinity and interactions between the enzymes and our molecule. Inhibition and kinetic mechanism studies for the action of the enzymes were performed too. Parietin exhibited high metal chelating activity. The MIC values of parietin were sufficient to inhibit different bacterial strains; E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. Molecular docking applications exhibited that acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), lipase, and tyrosinase have high potential for binding with the parietin. Especially, the parietin's highest binding affinity was recorded with AChE and tyrosinase. These results were confirmed by the inhibition and kinetics results, where, parietin observed a potent inhibition with an IC50 values between 0.013-0.003 µM. Moreover, parietin acts' as a non-competitive inhibitor against AChE, BChE, and lipase, and as a competitive inhibitor against tyrosinase with a high rate of inhibition stability. The promising biological properties of parietin revealed its effectiveness in terms of suitability in the food and pharmaceutical industries.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Yenigun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yasar Ipek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Sarmad Marah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Ozen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Thakur M, Kasi IK, Islary P, Bhatti SK. Nutritional and Health-Promoting Effects of Lichens Used in Food Applications. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:555-566. [PMID: 37581862 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lichens have a huge significance which is used in nutrition due to the bioactive components within. Lichen is a nutrient-dense resourceful diet nearly every day meal and has long been used as food; also, these valuable natural resources are now being utilized for a wide range of other purposes. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the nutritional and edible qualities of lichens as well as the possible health benefits of lichens. It is interesting to note that lichen is a nutrient-dense and functional food. It is a nutritional resource that can mitigate the effects of malnutrition to some amount. RECENT FINDINGS There is an indication that an intake of lichens as natural foods was associated with nutritional and health-promoting properties. Lichens have proven to have theoretically rich nutritional value, and their extracts and active constituents have also been shown to have multiple health benefits. Low-fat content, high carbohydrate, and crude fibre content; plentiful mineral components; and good protein sources are all thought to contribute to lichen's nutritional value. There is a lot of potential for using lichens as an effective food source and ensuring people's food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Thakur
- Division Botany, Department of Bio-Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, 176041, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Indra Kumar Kasi
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Yaswant, Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pungbili Islary
- Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam, India
| | - Sayeeda Kousar Bhatti
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College Mendhar, Jammu and Kashmir, 185211, UT, India
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Gaikwad SB, Mapari SV, Sutar RR, Syed M, Khare R, Behera BC. In Vitro and in Silico Studies of Lichen Compounds Atranorin and Salazinic Acid as Potential Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301229. [PMID: 37888876 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of alga/cyanobacterium and fungus. We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties of two lichen compounds, atranorin and salazinic acid, and five lichen species: Heterodermia boryi, Heterodermia diademata, Heterodermia hypocaesia, Parmotrema reticulatum, and Stereocaulon foliolosum. Free radical scavenging, Ferric reducing potential, Nitric oxide scavenging, and Trolox equivalent capacity were used to measure antioxidant activity. Strong radical scavenging action was demonstrated by atranorin and salazinic acid, with IC50 values of 39.31 μM and 12.14 μM, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay based on resazurin, was used to measure antibacterial activity. Parmotrema reticulatum demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Raoultella planticola with MIC of 7.8 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay on breast cancer cell line was used to assess anticancer activity. To further understand the binding locations on the target proteins Er (Estrogen Receptor alpha), EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin), and PgR (Progesterone Receptor), molecular docking experiments were conducted. Docking study showed that the binding energies of atranorin and salazinic acid with mTOR were -5.31 kcal/mol and -3.43 kcal/mol, respectively. The results suggest that atranorin has the potential to be a multitargeted molecule with natural antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash B Gaikwad
- Biodiversity-Lichens, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, Maharashtra, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin V Mapari
- Biodiversity-Lichens, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, Maharashtra, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchira R Sutar
- Biodiversity-Lichens, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, Maharashtra, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muntjeeb Syed
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roshni Khare
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhaskar C Behera
- Biodiversity-Lichens, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, Maharashtra, India
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Dominy NJ, Hobaiter C, Harris JM. Reindeer and the quest for Scottish enlichenment. Iperception 2023; 14:20416695231218520. [PMID: 38107029 PMCID: PMC10725117 DOI: 10.1177/20416695231218520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hall of animal oddities, the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is the only mammal with a color-shifting tapetum lucidum and the only ruminant with a lichen-dominated diet. These puzzling traits coexist with yet another enigma--ocular media that transmit up to 60% of ultraviolet (UV) light, enough to excite the cones responsible for color vision. It is unclear why any day-active circum-Arctic mammal would benefit from UV visual sensitivity, but it could improve detection of UV-absorbing lichens against a background of UV-reflecting snows, especially during the extended twilight hours of winter. To explore this idea and advance our understanding of reindeer visual ecology, we recorded the reflectance spectra of several ground-growing (terricolous), shrubby (fruticose) lichens in the diets of reindeer living in Cairngorms National Park, Scotland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Dominy
- Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Catherine Hobaiter
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Julie M. Harris
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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Torres-Benítez A, Ortega-Valencia JE, Jara-Pinuer N, Sanchez M, Vargas-Arana G, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Simirgiotis MJ. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity and phytoconstituents of lichen extracts with temperate and polar distribution. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1251856. [PMID: 38026927 PMCID: PMC10646315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1251856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to characterize the chemical composition of ethanolic extracts of the lichen species Placopsis contortuplicata, Ochrolechia frigida, and Umbilicaria antarctica, their antioxidant activity, and enzymatic inhibition through in vitro and molecular docking analysis. In total phenol content, FRAP, ORAC, and DPPH assays, the extracts showed significant antioxidant activity, and in in vitro assays for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, together with in silico studies for the prediction of pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity risks, and intermolecular interactions of compounds, the extracts evidenced inhibitory potential. A total of 13 compounds were identified by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in P. contortuplicata, 18 compounds in O. frigida, and 12 compounds in U. antarctica. This study contributes to the knowledge of the pool of bioactive compounds present in lichens of temperate and polar distribution and biological characteristics that increase interest in the discovery of natural products that offer alternatives for treatment studies of diseases related to oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Torres-Benítez
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Nicolás Jara-Pinuer
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Sanchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Vargas-Arana
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Avenue Abelardo Quiñones, Iquitos, Peru
- Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Pradhan S, Dash S, Parida S, Sahoo B, Rath B. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and GC/MS-based phytochemical analysis of two traditional Lichen species Trypethellium virens and Phaeographis dendritica. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:41. [PMID: 37014475 PMCID: PMC10073361 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are complex plants living in symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae. They are used for human and animal nutrition and are used in folk medicine in many countries over a considerable period of time. In the present study, various solvent extracts of Trypethelslium virens and Phaeographis dendritica were tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis by GC/MS revealed phenolics (1.273%), terpene (0.963%), hydrocarbons (2.081%), benzofurans (2.081%), quinone (1.273%), alkanes (0.963%), and aliphatic aldehydes (0.963%) as the predominant compounds in Trypethellium virens SPTV02, whereas secondary alcohol (1.184%), alkaloids (1.184%), and fatty acids (4.466) were the major constituents in Phaeographis dendritica. The antioxidant property of methanolic extract of T. virens and P. dendritica revealed the presence of total phenolic and terpenoids. The methanolic extracts of both the lichens exhibited encouraging DPPH antiradical activity, with the IC50 of 62.4 ± 0.76 µg/ml for T. virens and 68.48 ± 0.45 µg/ml for P. dendritica. Similarly, ferric reducing power assay result exhibited higher reducing activity. Further, the lichen extracts (methanolic) indicated promising antimicrobial activities against pathogens showing MIC from 62.5 to 500 µg/ml. CONCLUSION The study results concludes that both the lichens could be used as new natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents which can be exploited for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Pradhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
| | - Satyabrata Dash
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
| | - Sabyasachy Parida
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
| | - Bijayananda Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Rath
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Sriram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Baripada-757003, Odisha, India.
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Maulidiyah M, Rachman F, Mulkiyan LOMZ, Natsir M, Nohong N, Darmawan A, Salim LOA, Nurdin M. Antioxidant Activity of Usnic Acid Compound from Methanol Extract of Lichen Usnea sp. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:179-188. [PMID: 36631103 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen Usnea sp. is one of the sources of natural bioactive compounds which are currently being developed as medicinal ingredients. The purpose of this study was the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from methanol extract, toxicity test and antioxidant activity of Usnea sp. Lichen was isolated by maceration using methanol solvent, then separated by liquid-liquid partition and separation using vacuum chromatography. Based on the results of the study, NMR-1D spectral data and FTIR spectrum is the presence of functional groups showed the presence of F15 compound is usnic acid consisting of 18 carbons with 3 carbons from the C=O carbonyl group. The results of the toxicity test showed that all of them were active against Artemia salina L. shrimp larvae with LC50 values of 0.820 µg/mL (Usnea sp.), 1.030 µg/mL (n-hexane), 1.056 µg/mL (ethyl acetate), and 1.236 µg/mL (methanol extract). The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the inhibitory activity of usnic acid isolate was very active with an IC50 value of 11.696 µg/mL. Meanwhile, methanol extracts and ethyl acetate showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 18.098 and 26.917 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | - Faradillah Rachman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | | | - Muhammad Natsir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | - Nohong Nohong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
| | - Akhmad Darmawan
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
| | - La Ode Agus Salim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Technology and Health, Institut Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan (ISTEK)
| | - Muhammad Nurdin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo
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UHPLC-MS Chemical Fingerprinting and Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibition, Anti-Inflammatory In Silico and Cytoprotective Activities of Cladonia chlorophaea and C. gracilis (Cladoniaceae) from Antarctica. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010010. [PMID: 36670872 PMCID: PMC9854829 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lichen species Cladonia chlorophaea and C. gracilis (Cladoniaceae) are widely distributed in the island archipelago of maritime Antarctica and represent a natural resource of scientific interest. In this work, the metabolomic characterization of the ethanolic extracts of these species and the determination of the antioxidant activity, enzymatic inhibition and anti-inflammatory potential of selected compounds on the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme by molecular docking and cytoprotective activity in the SH-SY5Y cell line were carried out. Nineteen compounds were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) in each of the species. The contents of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, the inhibition of cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) and digestive enzymes (α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase) were variable among species, with better results in C. chlorophaea. Molecular docking evidenced significant binding affinities of some compounds for the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, together with outstanding pharmacokinetic properties. Both extracts were shown to promote cell viability and a reduction in reactive oxygen species production in an H2O2-induced oxidative stress model. This study contributes to the chemical knowledge of the Cladonia species and demonstrates the biological potential for the prevention and promising treatment of central nervous system pathologies, inflammatory disorders and metabolic alterations.
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Urbanska N, Simko P, Leskanicova A, Karasova M, Jendzelovska Z, Jendzelovsky R, Rucova D, Kolesarova M, Goga M, Backor M, Kiskova T. Atranorin, a Secondary Metabolite of Lichens, Exhibited Anxiolytic/Antidepressant Activity in Wistar Rats. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111850. [PMID: 36430984 PMCID: PMC9697363 DOI: 10.3390/life12111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atranorin (ATR) is one of lichens' many known secondary metabolites. Most current studies have investigated the various effects of ATR in vitro and only sporadically in vivo. The latest data indicate that ATR may have anxiolytic/antidepressive effects. This study aimed to analyze the potential of ATR in a depression-like state in male Wistar rats. Pregnant females were stressed by restricting their mobility in the final week of pregnancy three times a day for 45 min each, for three following days. After birth, progeny aged 60 days was stressed repeatedly. The male progeny was divided into three groups as follows: CTR group as a healthy control (n = 10), DEP group as a progeny of restricted mothers (n = 10), and ATR group as a progeny of restricted mothers, treated daily for one month with ATR (n = 10; 10 mg/kg of body weight, p.o.). Our results show that ATR acts as an antioxidant and markedly changes animal behavior. Concomitantly, hippocampal neurogenesis increases in the hilus and subgranular zone, together with the number of NeuN mature neurons in the hilus and CA1 regions. Our results indicate a potential antidepressant/anxiolytic effect of ATR. However, further studies in this area are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Urbanska
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Simko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Leskanicova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Karasova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 04180 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Jendzelovska
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Jendzelovsky
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dajana Rucova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Kolesarova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Goga
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Backor
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Terezia Kiskova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 04154 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Thuan NH, Polimati H, Alluri R, Tatipamula VB. Bioassay-guided isolation of antimycobacterial substances from the traditionally used lichen Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:95. [PMID: 35371903 PMCID: PMC8927554 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to provide a scientific rationale for the folklore usage of Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. in treating tuberculosis (Tb). Through bioassay-guided isolation, antimycobacterial metabolites were isolated from under-investigated lichen C. pyxidata and examined against M.t H37Ra and six MDR strains. Further, the cytotoxicity of all isolated metabolites was evaluated on THP-1 macrophages. Bioassay-guided isolation of acetone extract of C. pyxidata yielded four metabolites, namely usnic acid, atranorin, barbatic acid, and fumarprotocetraric acid. Among those, the MIC values of usnic acid and fumarprotocetraric acid showed more effective in inhibiting the growth of six MDR strains, compared to first-line drug rifampicin. In addition, the 50% inhibitory concentration values of these two compounds on THP-1 were found to be far higher than MIC values against tested Tb strains, indicating that THP-1 macrophages were not harmfully affected at concentrations that were effective against M.t and MDR strains. The results exposed the traditional use of C. pyxidata for treating Tb, and the key metabolites were found to be usnic acid and fumarprotocetraric acid. The current study lends the first evidence for the presence of antimycobacterial compounds in C. pyxidata. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03159-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
| | - Haritha Polimati
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Ramesh Alluri
- Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narspapur, 502313 Telangana India
| | - Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Center for Molecular Biology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
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Mohammadi M, Bagheri L, Badreldin A, Fatehi P, Pakzad L, Suntres Z, van Wijnen AJ. Biological Effects of Gyrophoric Acid and Other Lichen Derived Metabolites, on Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109768. [PMID: 34864007 PMCID: PMC8808380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites from fungi, algae and lichens have remarkable biological activities as antibiotics, fungicides, antiviral drugs, and cancer therapeutics. This review focuses on the lichen-derived metabolite gyrophoric acid and other select secondary metabolites (e.g., usnic acid, salazinic acid, physodic acid, vulpinic acid ceratinalone, flavicansone, ramalin, physciosporin, tumidulin, atranorin, parmosidone) that modulate a number of cellular pathways relevant to several biomedical diseases and disorders, including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We discuss the chemical structure and biochemical activities of gyrophoric acid and other compounds relative to the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that these metabolites target in a distinct human and rodent cell types. The therapeutic promise of gyrophoric acid and similar lichen derived metabolites is associated with the chemical versatility of these compounds as polyaromatic depsides with functional carboxyl and hydroxyl side-groups that may permit selective interactions with distinct enzymatic active sites. Gyrophoric acid has been examined in a series of studies as an effective anticancer drug because it impinges on topoisomerase 1 activity, as well as causes cell cycle arrest, comprises cell survival, and promotes apoptosis. Because gyrophoric acid has cytostatic properties, its biological roles and possible medicinal utility may extend beyond effects on cancer cells and be relevant to any process that is controlled by cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
| | - Leila Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Amr Badreldin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
| | - Leila Pakzad
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
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The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:100. [PMID: 34964912 PMCID: PMC8716355 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of literature data on the antifungal potential of extracted lichen compounds and individual secondary metabolites against mold species of the genus Aspergillus is provided. Crude extracts from 49 epiphytic, 16 epigeic and 22 epilithic species of lichens and 44 secondary metabolites against 10 species, Aspergillus candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. restrictus, A. stellatus and A. ustus, were analysed. Several measuring techniques were employed for such analyses. Lichen substances were extracted with alcoholic and other organic solvents mainly using the Soxhlet apparatus. Among the three most-studied mold species, the results showed that the crude extracts from the thalli of the lichens Cladonia foliacea, Hypotrachyna cirrhata, Leucodermia leucomelos, Platismatia glauca and Pseudevernia furfuracea against Aspergillus flavus, from C. foliacea, Nephroma arcticum and Parmelia sulcata against A. fumigatus and from Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Umbilicaria cylindrica and Variospora dolomiticola against A. niger have the greatest antifungal potential. The lichen secondary metabolites showed a higher inhibitory potential, e.g. protolichesterinic acid against A. flavus, lecanoric acid against A. fumigatus and orsellinic acid against A. niger; the other seven species of Aspergillus have been poorly studied and require further investigation. A comparison of the inhibitory potential of the tested mixtures of lichen substances and their secondary metabolites shows that they can compete with commonly used antifungal substances, such as ketoconazole and clotrimazole against A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger and A. parasiticus and fluconazole in the case of A. fumigatus.
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Micheletti AC, Honda NK, Ravaglia LM, Matayoshi T, Spielmann AA. Antibacterial potencial of 12 Lichen species. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:S0001-37652021000700904. [PMID: 34705932 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant bacterial infections are a major public health problem worldwide, which entails the need to search for new therapeutic agents. In this context, lichens stand out, provided that they are producers of structurally diverse compounds that have attractive biological properties, including antimicrobial activity. Thus, extracts of 12 lichen species were prepared and their potential to inhibit the growth of 5 bacterial strains was evaluated in this work. The chemical compositions of these extracts were examined using TLC and microcrystallization, being the identity of the active compounds in each extract attributed based on the bioautography technique. The most active extracts (and their identified active compounds) were from Cladonia borealis (usnic, barbatic and 4-O-demethylbarbatic acids), Cladina confusa (usnic and perlatolic acids), Stereocaulom ramulosum (atranorin, perlatolic and anziaic acids) and Canoparmelia cryptochlorophaea (cryptochlorophaeic and caperatic acids), with MICs ranging from 7.8 to 31.25 μg/mL, including for resistant clinical strains. MIC values were also obtained for substances isolated from lichens for comparison purposes. A group of four extracts containing usnic acid was analyzed by 1H NMR in order to correlate relative proportion of major metabolites and extracts activity. The less active extracts in this group, in fact, presented low proportion of usnic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Micheletti
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Neli K Honda
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Ravaglia
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Matayoshi
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Adriano A Spielmann
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Comparative Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Four Major Medicinal Halophytes from Qassim Flora. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102208. [PMID: 34686017 PMCID: PMC8538075 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four halophytic plants, Lycium shawii, Anabasis articulata, Rumex vesicarius, and Zilla spinosa, growing in the central Qassim area, Saudi Arabia, were phytochemically and biologically investigated. Their hydroalcoholic extracts’ UPLC-ESIQ-TOF analyses demonstrated the presence of 44 compounds of phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids chemical classes. Among all the plants’ extracts, L. shawii showed the highest quantities of total phenolics, and flavonoids contents (52.72 and 13.01 mg/gm of the gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively), along with the antioxidant activity in the TAA (total antioxidant activity), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and DPPH-SA (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-scavenging activity) assays with 25.6, 56.68, and 19.76 mg/gm, respectively, as Trolox equivalents. The hydroalcoholic extract of the L. shawii also demonstrated the best chelating activity at 21.84 mg/gm EDTA equivalents. Among all the four halophytes, the hydroalcoholic extract of L. shawii exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity against MCF7 and K562 cell lines with IC50 values at 194.5 µg/mL and 464.9 µg/mL, respectively. The hydroalcoholic extract of A. articulata demonstrated better cytotoxic activity amongst all the tested plants’ extracts against the human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC1) with an IC50 value of 998.5 µg/mL. The L. shawii induced apoptosis in the MCF7 cell lines, and the percentage of the necrotic cells changed to 28.1% and 36.5% for the IC50 and double-IC50 values at 22.9% compared with the untreated groups. The hydroalcoholic extract of L. shawii showed substantial antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 with a MIC value of 12.5 mg/mL. By contrast, the A. articulata and Z. spinosa exhibited antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275 with MIC values at 12.5 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. These findings suggested that the L. shawii is a potential halophyte with remarkable biological properties, attributed to its contents of phenolics and flavonoid classes of compounds in its extract.
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In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Status Determined by Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. Dry Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071141. [PMID: 34356377 PMCID: PMC8301184 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens represent an important resource for common traditional medicines due to their numerous metabolites that can exert diverse pharmacological activities including anticancer effects. To find new anticancer compounds with fewer side effects and low tumor resistance, a bioprospective study of Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. (U. barbata), a lichen from the Călimani Mountains (Suceava county, Romania) was performed. The aim of this research was to investigate the anticancer potential, morphologic changes, wound healing property, clonogenesis, and oxidative stress biomarker status of four extracts of U. barbata in different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate), and also of usnic acid (UA) as a positive control on the CAL-27 (ATCC® CRL-2095™) oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC) cell line and V79 (ATCC® CCL-93™) lung fibroblasts as normal cells. Using the MTT assay and according to IC50 values, it was found that the most potent anticancer property was displayed by acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. All U. barbata extracts determined morphological modifications (losing adhesion capacity, membrane shrinkage, formation of abnormal cellular wrinkles, and vacuolization) with higher intensity in tumor cells than in normal ones. The most intense anti-migration effect was established in the acetone extract treatment. The clonogenic assay showed that some U. barbata extracts decreased the ability of cancer cells to form colonies compared to untreated cells, suggesting a potential anti-tumorigenic property of the tested extracts. Therefore, all the U. barbata extracts manifest anticancer activity of different intensity, based, at least partially, on an imbalance in antioxidant defense mechanisms, causing oxidative stress.
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Characteristics, Chemical Analysis and Biological Activities of Methanol Extracts of Lichens Pleurosticta acetabulum and Cladonia subulata. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition of methanol extracts of the lichens Pleurosticta acetabulum and Cladonia subulata and their antioxidant, and anticancer activities. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts of lichens was determined by HPLC-UV method. The predominant phenolic compounds in these extracts were norstictic acid and salazinic acids in P. acetabulum, while hypoprotocetraric acid and fumarprotocetraric acid were the major metabolites detected in C. subulata. Total phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically, with the varied amount from 21.31 to 73.45 mg GA/g and from 8.48 to 15.42 mg RU/g, respectively. The lichen extracts showed comparable and strong antioxidant activity, exhibited higher DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavengings, inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation and reducing power. Cytotoxic effects of lichens were tested against HeLa S3 and LS174 cell lines using MTT method.The cytotoxic effects of P. acetabulum and C. subulata extracts toward two cancer cell lines were in the range from 39.17 to >200 μg/mL IC50 value. The present study showed that the tested extracts of lichens demonstrated important antioxidant and anticancer effects. That suggests that these lichens can be used as new sources of the natural antioxidants and anti-cancer compounds.
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Mendili M, Seaward MRD, Khadhri A. Does the lichenicolous fungus Heterocephalacria bachmannii affect the antimicrobial potential of its host Cladonia foliacea? Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3095-3099. [PMID: 34058928 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1933974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the lichenicolous fungus Heterocephalacria bachmannii on the antimicrobial potential of the lichen Cladonia foliacea demonstrated that the extracts investigated have antimicrobial potential against gram-positive and negative bacteria, and yeast, and inhibit the germination of fungal spores. Inhibition activity varied considerably depending on the extract, the bacterial species, and the absence or presence of H. bachmannii; unparasitised C. foliacea has a higher antimicrobial activity. Methanol and acetone extracts of C. foliacea alone have higher inhibition diameters than C. foliacea with H. bachmannii against Enterobacter cloacae; the methanol extract of C. foliacea showed the best inhibition (250 µg/ml). C. foliacea also has a high lysozyme potential against Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. Fungal hyphae of Alternaria alternata were more affected by the methanol extract from C. foliacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mendili
- Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Research of Plant Ecology, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mark R D Seaward
- School of Archaeological & Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ayda Khadhri
- Faculty of Sciences, Unit of Research of Plant Ecology, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
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Dar TUH, Dar SA, Islam SU, Mangral ZA, Dar R, Singh BP, Verma P, Haque S. Lichens as a repository of bioactive compounds: an open window for green therapy against diverse cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1120-1137. [PMID: 34052413 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichens, algae and fungi-based symbiotic associations, are sources of many important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. Wide range of experiments based on in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that lichens are a rich treasure of anti-cancer compounds. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen compounds can interact with all biological entities currently identified to be responsible for tumor development. The critical ways to control the cancer development include induction of cell cycle arrests, blocking communication of growth factors, activation of anti-tumor immunity, inhibition of tumor-friendly inflammation, inhibition of tumor metastasis, and suppressing chromosome dysfunction. Also, lichen-based compounds induce the killing of cells by the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, that inturn positively modulates metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. Many lichen-based compounds have proven to possess potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with other anti-cancer compounds. This review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of the repository of secondary metabolites reported in lichens. Besides, we discuss the anti-cancer potential and possible mechanism of the most frequently reported secondary metabolites derived from lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahid Ahmed Mangral
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Chemical Constituents of the Hexane Fraction of the Lichen Parmotrema dilatatum and their α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Kalra R, Conlan XA, Areche C, Dilawari R, Goel M. Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629695. [PMID: 34040518 PMCID: PMC8141859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a well-known epiphytic lichen commonly used in Indian spice mixtures and food preparations such as curries. This study is an attempt to find the best extraction methodology with respect to extractive yield, total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of lichen P. furfuracea. Two phenolic compounds, atraric acid and olivetoric acid were isolated and quantified in their respective extracts with the aid of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest concentration of both the compounds, atraric acid (4.89 mg/g DW) and olivetoric acid (11.46 mg/g DW) were found in 70% methanol extract. A direct correlation was also observed between the concentrations of these compounds with the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts which might contribute towards the antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and HPLC analysis which was used to study the effect of pre-processing on extraction process highlighted the capacity of a mixer grinder technique for improved separation of surface localized metabolites and enrichment of the fraction. An investigation of the chemical profile of the bioactive extract 70% methanol extract using UHPLC-DAD-MS lead to tentative identification of forty nine compounds. This extract was also assessed towards HEK 293 T cell line for cytotoxicity analysis. Concentration range of 0.156 to 100 µg/ml of PF70M extract exhibited no significant cell death as compared to control. Further, the active extract showed protective effect against hydroxyl radical's destructive effects on DNA when assessed using DNA nicking assay. Based upon this, it can be concluded that optimization of extraction solvent, sample pre-proceesing and extraction techniques can be useful in extraction of specific antioxidant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Kalra
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India.,Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Nuñoa, Chile
| | - Rahul Dilawari
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mayurika Goel
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India
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21
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Xu B. A comprehensive review on secondary metabolites and health-promoting effects of edible lichen. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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22
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Tripathi AH, Negi N, Gahtori R, Kumari A, Joshi P, Tewari LM, Joshi Y, Bajpai R, Upreti DK, Upadhyay SK. A Review of Anti-Cancer and Related Properties of Lichen-Extracts and Metabolites. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:115-142. [PMID: 34225637 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210322094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are a composite consortium of fungus and alga. The symbiotic organisms are naturally equipped with distinct characteristics as compared to constituting organisms separately. Lichens due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology, are the reservoir of more than 600 unique secondary metabolites, also known as 'lichen substances'. Since ancient times, many ethnic groups from various parts of the world had knowledge about the applications of lichens as major provenance of food/fodder, medicine, dyes, spices, perfumes, etc. Lichen substances have shown impressive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities under experimental conditions. Usnic acid, a well-known metabolite, found in several species of lichens, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has significant anti-proliferative potential as revealed through testing in different cancer cell lines. Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Norstictic acid, Lobaric acid, Stictic acid, Ramalin, Gyrophoric acid, Salazinic acid, Protolichesterinic, and Fumarprotocetraric acid are some of the other purified lichen metabolites with potent anti-cancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study presents an overview of lichen derived extracts/compounds augmenting the anti-cancer (related) properties. METHOD The review comprehends different studies (in vivo and in vitro) backing up the possibility of lichen extracts and metabolites towards their use as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and EMT-inhibiting agents. RESULTS The review focuses on anti-cancer and related properties of lichen extracts and metabolites that include their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic, cancer stemness reduction, activities and, the potential of inhibition of cancer-associated Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is responsible for multiple drug-resistance and metastasis of cancer cells in a large proportion of cases. CONCLUSION Lichens can be the repertoire of a plethora of lichen metabolites with putative bioactive potential, which is needed to be explored in order to find out novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Negi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Penny Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 0
| | - Lalit M Tewari
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Joshi
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Dalip K Upreti
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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Sagaya Jansi R, Khusro A, Agastian P, Alfarhan A, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Rajagopal R, Barcelo D, Al-Tamimi A. Emerging paradigms of viral diseases and paramount role of natural resources as antiviral agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143539. [PMID: 33234268 PMCID: PMC7833357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, the increasing prevalence of diverse microbial infections as well as emergence and re-emergence of viral epidemics with high morbidity and mortality rates are major public health threat. Despite the persistent production of antiviral drugs and vaccines in the global market, viruses still remain as one of the leading causes of deadly human diseases. Effective control of viral diseases, particularly Zika virus disease, Nipah virus disease, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus disease, Herpes simplex virus infection, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and Ebola virus disease remain promising goal amidst the mutating viral strains. Current trends in the development of antiviral drugs focus solely on testing novel drugs or repurposing drugs against potential targets of the viruses. Compared to synthetic drugs, medicines from natural resources offer less side-effect to humans and are often cost-effective in the productivity approaches. This review intends not only to emphasize on the major viral disease outbreaks in the past few decades and but also explores the potentialities of natural substances as antiviral traits to combat viral pathogens. Here, we spotlighted a comprehensive overview of antiviral components present in varied natural sources, including plants, fungi, and microorganisms in order to identify potent antiviral agents for developing alternative therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sagaya Jansi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JORDI GIRONA 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amal Al-Tamimi
- Ecology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Kerboua M, Ahmed MA, Samba N, Aitfella-Lahlou R, Silva L, Boyero JF, Raposo C, Lopez Rodilla JM. Phytochemical Investigation of New Algerian Lichen Species: Physcia Mediterranea Nimis. Molecules 2021; 26:1121. [PMID: 33672591 PMCID: PMC7924039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study provides new data concerning the chemical characterisation of Physcia mediterranea Nimis, a rare Mediterranean species belonging to the family Physciaceae. The phytochemical screening was carried out using GC-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS-MS, and NMR techniques. Hot extraction of n-hexane was carried out, followed by separation of the part insoluble in methanol: wax (WA-hex), from the part soluble in methanol (ME-hex). GC-MS analysis of the ME-hex part revealed the presence of methylbenzoic acids such as sparassol and atraric acid and a diterpene with a kaurene skeleton which has never been detected before in lichen species. Out of all the compounds identified by HPLC-ESI-MS-MS, sixteen compounds are common between WA-hex and ME-hex. Most are aliphatic fatty acids, phenolic compounds and depsides. The wax part is characterised by the presence of atranorin, a depside of high biological value. Proton 1H and carbon 13C NMR have confirmed its identification. Atranol, chloroatranol (depsides compound), Ffukinanolide (sesquiterpene lactones), leprolomin (diphenyl ether), muronic acid (triterpenes), and ursolic acid (triterpenes) have also been identified in ME-hex. The results suggested that Physcia mediterranea Nimis is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that could be useful for several applications as functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Kerboua
- Laboratory of Vegetal Biology and Environment, Biology Department, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (M.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Monia Ali Ahmed
- Laboratory of Vegetal Biology and Environment, Biology Department, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (M.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Nsevolo Samba
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (N.S.); (R.A.-L.); (L.S.)
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Public Health, University Kimpa Vita, Uige 77, Angola
| | - Radhia Aitfella-Lahlou
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (N.S.); (R.A.-L.); (L.S.)
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratory of Valorisation and Conservation of Biological Resources, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University M’Hamed Bougara, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
| | - Lucia Silva
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (N.S.); (R.A.-L.); (L.S.)
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Juan F. Boyero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Chromatographic and mass analysis service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (J.F.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Cesar Raposo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Chromatographic and mass analysis service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (J.F.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Jesus Miguel Lopez Rodilla
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (N.S.); (R.A.-L.); (L.S.)
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Berdugo M, Mendoza-Aguilar DO, Rey A, Ochoa V, Gozalo B, García-Huss L, Maestre FT. Litter Decomposition Rates of Biocrust-Forming Lichens Are Similar to Those of Vascular Plants and Are Affected by Warming. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mendili M, Bannour M, Araújo MEM, Seaward MRD, Khadhri A. Lichenochemical Screening and Antioxidant Capacity of Four Tunisian Lichen Species. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000735. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mendili
- University of Tunis El-Manar II Faculty of Sciences Plant Ecology Research Unit Campus Academia 2092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Marwa Bannour
- University of Tunis El-Manar II Faculty of Sciences Plant Ecology Research Unit Campus Academia 2092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Maria Eduarda M. Araújo
- Faculty of Sciences Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lisbon Lisboan Portugal
| | - Mark R. D. Seaward
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences University of Bradford Bradford BD7 1DP UK
| | - Ayda Khadhri
- University of Tunis El-Manar II Faculty of Sciences Plant Ecology Research Unit Campus Academia 2092 Tunis Tunisia
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Linciano P, Cavalloro V, Martino E, Kirchmair J, Listro R, Rossi D, Collina S. Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance with Small Molecules Targeting LsrK: Challenges and Opportunities. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15243-15257. [PMID: 33152241 PMCID: PMC8016206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat with severe health and economic consequences. The available antibiotics are losing efficacy, and the hunt for alternative strategies is a priority. Quorum sensing (QS) controls biofilm and virulence factors production. Thus, the quenching of QS to prevent pathogenicity and to increase bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics is an appealing therapeutic strategy. The phosphorylation of autoinducer-2 (a mediator in QS) by LsrK is a crucial step in triggering the QS cascade. Thus, LsrK represents a valuable target in fighting AMR. Few LsrK inhibitors have been reported so far, allowing ample room for further exploration. This perspective aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge about the structural and biological properties of LsrK and the state-of-the-art technology for LsrK inhibitor design. We elaborate on the challenges in developing novel LsrK inhibitors and point out promising avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Linciano
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavalloro
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Science, University
of Pavia, Via Sant’Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martino
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Science, University
of Pavia, Via Sant’Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberta Listro
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department
of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Goncu B, Sevgi E, Kizilarslan Hancer C, Gokay G, Ozten N. Differential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of lichen species on human prostate carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238303. [PMID: 32997661 PMCID: PMC7527208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are stable symbiotic associations between fungus and algae and/or cyanobacteria that have different biological activities. Around 60% of anti-cancer drugs are derived from natural resources including plants, fungi, sea creatures, and lichens. This project aims to identify the apoptotic effects and proliferative properties of extracts of Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw, Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr., Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach., Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav., Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., and Usnea florida (L.) Weber ex Wigg. lichen species on prostate cancer cells. Lichen extracts were performed by ethanol, methanol, and acetone separately by using the Soxhlet apparatus and the effects of the extracts on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were measured with the utilization of MTT, LDH assay, Annexin V assay, and Western Blot. Findings of our study revealed a positive correlation between the elevation of cell sensitivity and the increase in the treatment doses of the extract in that higher doses applied reverberate to higher cell sensitivity. A similar correlation was also identified between cell sensitivity elevation and the duration of the treatment. Evidence in our study have shown the existence of an anti-proliferative effect in the extracts of Bryoria capillaris, Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach., Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav., Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., and Usnea florida (L.) Weber ex Wigg., while a similar effect was not observed in the extracts of Cladonia fimbriata. Evernia divaricata induced anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in PC-3 cells, which induced apoptotic cell death by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Hypogymnia tubulosa has been shown to have anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in all extractions methods and our findings identified that both the percentage of the apoptotic cells and apoptotic protein expressions recorded an increase at lower treatment concentrations. Although Lobaria pulmonaria is known to have significant cytotoxic effects, we did not observe a decrease in cell proliferation. Indeed, proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression levels have shown an increase in all extracts, while Usnea florida exhibited apoptosis induction and slight proliferation reduction in extract treatments with lower concentrations. We tested 18 extracts of six lichen species during our study. Of these, Evernia divaricata and Hypogymnia tubulosa demonstrated significant apoptotic activity on prostate cancer cells including at low concentrations, which implies that it is worth pursuing the biologically active lead compounds of these extracts on prostate cancer in vitro. Further corroboratory studies are needed to validate the relative potential of these extracts as anti-metastatic and anti-tumorigenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Goncu
- Experimental Research Center, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Sevgi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, BezmialemVakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagla Kizilarslan Hancer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, BezmialemVakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guzin Gokay
- Experimental Research Center, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Ozten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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Mohammadi M, Zambare V, Malek L, Gottardo C, Suntres Z, Christopher L. Lichenochemicals: extraction, purification, characterization, and application as potential anticancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:575-601. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1730325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadi
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasudeo Zambare
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- School of Sciences, Sandip University, Nashik, India
| | - Ladislav Malek
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Gottardo
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zacharias Suntres
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lew Christopher
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Biorefinery World, LLC, Rapid City, SD, USA
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Zolovs M, Jakubāne I, Kirilova J, Kivleniece I, Moisejevs R, Koļesnikova J, Pilāte D. The potential antifeedant activity of lichen-forming fungal extracts against the invasive Spanish slug ( Arion vulgaris). CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The protection of horticultural crops from slug feeding can be achieved using slug pellets; however, application of molluscicides is not always safe for the environment. There is a need for alternative methods to reduce the palatability of crop plants. Chemical properties of secondary compounds from lichens influence the feeding behaviour of slugs. Liquid extracts of three lichen species (Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F.H. Wigg., Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vězda, and Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf) were applied to three different crops and tested for their antifeedant properties against an important agricultural pest, the Spanish slug (Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855). All three extracts had specific activity, showing a decrease in grazing intensity as well as slug mass loss after feeding on treated food. Slugs significantly gained mass after feeding under control condition; however, they did not gain mass when fed on extract-treated food. The most effective extract was from P. furfuracea. We propose to use properties of lichen extracts to develop new environmentally friendly molluscicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Zolovs
- Department of Biosystematics, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parades Str. 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Iveta Jakubāne
- Department of Biosystematics, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parades Str. 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Jelena Kirilova
- Department of Chemistry and Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Daugavpils University, Parades Str. 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Inese Kivleniece
- Department of Biosystematics, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parades Str. 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Rolands Moisejevs
- Department of Biosystematics, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parades Str. 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Jelena Koļesnikova
- Department of Chemistry and Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Daugavpils University, Parades Str. 1A, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Digna Pilāte
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rīgas Str. 111, Salaspils, Latvia
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Ozgencli I, Budak H, Ciftci M, Anar M. Lichen Acids May Be Used as A Potential Drug For Cancer Therapy; by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase Purified From Rat Lung. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:1599-1605. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180525095520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Thioredoxin reductase (E.C 1.6.4.5.; TrxR) is a widely distributed flavoprotein that
catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of thioredoxin (Trx) in many cellular events such as DNA synthesis,
DNA repair, angiogenesis, antioxidative defense, and regulating apoptosis. Although TrxR is indispensible in
protecting cells against oxidative stress, the overexpression of TrxR is seen in many aggressive tumors. Therefore,
targeted inhibition of TrxR has been accepted as a new approach for chemotherapy.
Objective:
In this study, in vitro inhibition effect of the lichen acids (diffractaic, evernic, lobaric, lecanoric, and
vulpinic acid) on mitochondrial TrxR purified from rat lung was investigated.
Method:
It was the first time the enzyme was purified from rat lungs by using 2’, 5’-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity
chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was checked with SDS-PAGE. In vitro inhibition effect of the lichen
acids was investigated spectrophotometrically. To emphasize the importance of the obtained data, the commercial
anticancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin were used as positive controls.
Results:
Molecular mass of the enzyme was calculated as approximately 52.4 kDa. The enzyme was purified
with a 63.6% yield, 208.3 fold, and 0.5 EU/mg proteins specific activity. The IC50 values of five lichen acids
were significantly lower than IC50 values of anticancer drugs.
Conclusion:
All of the lichen acids, especially lecanoric and vulpinic acid, exhibited much stronger inhibitory
effect on TrxR than the anticancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin. These lichen acids have pharmacological
potential as effective natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Ozgencli
- Department of Chemisrty, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ciftci
- Department of Chemisrty, Art and Science Faculty, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Anar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Pandır D, Hilooglu M, Kocakaya M. Assessment of anticytotoxic effect of lichen Cladonia foliacae extract on Allium cepa root tips. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32478-32490. [PMID: 30238257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of lichen Cladonia foliacae (Huds.) (CF) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity through cell death, chromosome aberrations, mitotic index, oxidative stress parameters, and DNA damage in a Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Any chemical was not given for control group. Two doses of H2O2 (3 and 7%) were given to the roots for 1 h and the root tips were treated with CF water extract (50 and 100 μL) with increasing times for treatment groups. The roots were taken from control and treatment groups, and mitotic index, cell death, and chromosome aberrations were performed by light microscope. Changing antioxidant capacity of roots was revealed by FRAP and TEAC assay. Also, DNA damage was measured by comet assay and RAPD-PCR technique. Chromosome aberration values were obtained with increasing concentrations with longer treatment times, such as chromosome bridge, vagrant, and polyploidy in both groups. Increasing exposure doses of H2O2 caused decreasing mitotic index values at 72 h. TEAC and FRAP assay demonstrated that roots' capacity of antioxidant was altered by increasing concentrations of H2O2. The tail DNA% and tail length significantly increased in all exposure times when compared to control group. Three and seven percent of H2O2 caused the genotoxic effect on genetic material at 72 h according to RAPD-PCR technique. Increasing the doses of H2O2 resulted in increased toxicity to all studied parameters of A. cepa, but CF extract altered all changing parameters of A. cepa root cell. The H2O2 tested in this study have cytotoxic and mutagenic potential, but extract of CF was protective against H2O2 caused toxicological changes. But, it did not protect completely in the A. cepa root meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Pandır
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Bozok University, 66100, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Müge Hilooglu
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kocakaya
- Technical College of Boğazlayan, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Huang X, Ma J, Wei L, Song J, Li C, Yang H, Du Y, Gao T, Bi H. An antioxidant α-glucan from Cladina rangiferina (L.) Nyl. and its protective effect on alveolar epithelial cells from Pb2+-induced oxidative damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brigham LM, Allende LM, Shipley BR, Boyd KC, Higgins TJ, Kelly N, Anderson Stewart CR, Keepers KG, Pogoda CS, Lendemer JC, Tripp EA, Kane NC. Genomic insights into the mitochondria of 11 eastern North American species of Cladonia. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:508-512. [PMID: 33490518 PMCID: PMC7801001 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1463827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladonia is among the most species-rich genera of lichens globally. Species in this lineage, commonly referred to as reindeer lichens, are ecologically important in numerous regions worldwide. In some locations, species of Cladonia can comprise the dominant groundcover, and are a major food source for caribou and other mammals. Additionally, many species are known to produce substances with antimicrobial properties or other characteristics with potentially important medical applications. This exceptional morphological and ecological variation contrasts sharply with the limited molecular divergence often observed among species. As a new resource to facilitate ongoing and future studies of these important species, we analyse here the sequences of 11 Cladonia mitochondrial genomes, including new mitochondrial genome assemblies and annotations representing nine species: C. apodocarpa, C. caroliniana, C. furcata, C. leporina, C. petrophila, C. peziziformis, C. robbinsii, C. stipitata, and C. subtenuis. These 11 genomes varied in size, intron content, and complement of tRNAs. Genes annotated within these mitochondrial genomes include 15 protein-coding genes, the large and small ribosomal subunits (mtLSU and mtSSU), and 23-26 tRNAs. All Cladonia mitochondrial genomes contained atp9, an important energy transport gene that has been lost evolutionarily in some lichen mycobiont mitochondria. Using a concatenated alignment of five mitochondrial genes (nad2, nad4, cox1, cox2, and cox3), a Bayesian phylogeny of relationships among species was inferred and was consistent with previously published phylogenetic relationships, highlighting the utility of these regions in reconstructing phylogenetic history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M. Brigham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Luis M. Allende
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Shipley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kayla C. Boyd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tanya J. Higgins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Kelly
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Kyle G. Keepers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cloe S. Pogoda
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James C. Lendemer
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin A. Tripp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nolan C. Kane
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Roleira FM, Varela CL, Costa SC, Tavares-da-Silva EJ. Phenolic Derivatives From Medicinal Herbs and Plant Extracts: Anticancer Effects and Synthetic Approaches to Modulate Biological Activity. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64057-4.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Galanty A, Koczurkiewicz P, Wnuk D, Paw M, Karnas E, Podolak I, Węgrzyn M, Borusiewicz M, Madeja Z, Czyż J, Michalik M. Usnic acid and atranorin exert selective cytostatic and anti-invasive effects on human prostate and melanoma cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:161-169. [PMID: 28095330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Lichens are an interesting source of potential anti-tumor compounds, among which usnic acid and atranorin seem to be the most promising, but their impact on invasive potential of tumor cells has not yet been comprehensively addressed. The aim of the study was focused on the impact of the two lichen metabolites, on the viability (by Trypan blue test and fluoresceine diacetate and ethidium bromide assay), proliferation (cell counting in a Bürker's chamber), apoptosis (flow cytometry analysis and Western blot) and motile activity (cell movement recording and image analysis) and actin cytoskeleton organization (immunofluorescent staining) of melanoma HTB-140, prostate cancers DU-145 and PC-3, normal human skin fibroblasts and prostate epithelial PNT2 cells, with special emphasis to their selectivity and versatility. RESULTS Both compounds exerted strong inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, migration and actin cytoskeleton organization, while their effect on apoptosis process was less relevant. The impact of usnic acid on the examined cancer cells was found more efficient in comparison to atranorin. Also, selective effect of both agents on tumor cells was observed. SIGNIFICANCE The ability of usnic acid and atranorin to inhibit cancer cells motility may have future implications for development of new therapeutic strategies targeted at the interference with the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Węgrzyn
- Prof. Z. Czeppe Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Borusiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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Zhang BW, Xu JL, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Lu J, Wang JH. Structure Elucidation of a Polysaccharide from Umbilicaria esculenta and Its Immunostimulatory Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168472. [PMID: 27997616 PMCID: PMC5172621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilicaria esculenta has been used as a tonic food in China for several centuries owing to its pleasant flavor and health benefits. In this study, a water soluble polysaccharide, which we designated as UP2, with an average molecular weight of 3.33 × 105 Da, was isolated from U. esculenta cultivated in the Huangshan Mountain, by consecutive hot water extraction and anion-exchange chromatography. Gas chromatography analysis indicated that UP2 contained three kinds of monosaccharides, including mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.7:1.0:1.2. Linkage analysis of UP2 revealed the presence of (1 → 6)-linked glucosyl, (1 → 3,6)-linked glucosyl, t-linked galactosyl, (1 → 6)-linked galactosyl and (1 → 6)-linked mannosyl at a molar ratio of 0.7:4.6:4.1:2.2:9.1. Structural analysis determined that UP2 possessed a backbone consisting of (1 → 6)-linked β-D-glucopyranosyl and (1 → 6)-linked α-D-mannopyranosyl residues, which substituted at the O-3 position of (1 → 6)-linked β-D-glucopyranosyl residues by branches of (1 → 6)-linked α-D-galactopyranosyl and 1-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl residues. Immunostimulatory activity analysis showed that UP2 could stimulate the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and all the samples (20-500 μg/mL) were found to enhance nitric oxide production. The highest phagocytic activity of UP2 was observed at 200 μg/mL. Thus, UP2 may be a potential source of biological and pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Wei Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Anhui Qiangwang Flavouring Food Co., LTD, Dongcheng Development Zone, Jieshou City, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Anhui Qiangwang Flavouring Food Co., LTD, Dongcheng Development Zone, Jieshou City, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Hui Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Structural Elucidation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a new o-Orsellinic Acid Derivative Isolated from the Lichen Cladonia rappii. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rappiidic acid, a new o-orsellinic acid derivative, was isolated from the lichen Cladonia rappii. Its capability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) was investigated and compared with resveratrol and (+)-usnic acid. Usnic acid at 100 μM was the most efficient ROS scavenger, exhibiting activity 3-fold higher than that of resveratrol. At the same concentration, rappidic acid scavenged 23.1% of ROS formed, demonstrating that this compound is twice as active as resveratrol. Both compounds were shown to be poor RNS scavengers.
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Emsen B, Aslan A, Togar B, Turkez H. In vitro antitumor activities of the lichen compounds olivetoric, physodic and psoromic acid in rat neuron and glioblastoma cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1748-1762. [PMID: 26704132 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Since methods utilised in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are inadequate and have too many side effects, usage of herbal products in the treatment process comes into prominence. Lichens are symbiotic organisms used for medicinal purposes for many years. There are various anticancer treatments about components of two lichen species used in the present study. Objective Antitumor potential of three lichen secondary metabolites including olivetoric acid (OLA) and physodic acid (PHA) isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) and psoromic acid (PSA) isolated from Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert (Lecanoraceae) were investigated on human U87MG-GBM cell lines and primary rat cerebral cortex (PRCC) cells for the first time. Materials and methods PRCC cells used as healthy brain cells were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats. The treatments were carried out on the cells cultured for 48 h. Cytotoxic effects of different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) of metabolites on the cells were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) parameters were used for assessing oxidative alterations. Oxidative DNA damage potentials of metabolites were investigated via evaluating 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. Results Median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of OLA, PHA and PSA were 125.71, 698.19 and 79.40 mg/L for PRCC cells and 17.55, 410.72 and 56.22 mg/L for U87MG cells, respectively. It was revealed that cytotoxic effects of these metabolites showed positive correlation with concentration, LDH activity and oxidative DNA damage. Discussion and conclusion The present findings obtained in this study revealed that primarily OLA and then PSA had high potential for use in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugrahan Emsen
- a Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science , Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University , Karaman , Turkey
| | - Ali Aslan
- b Department of Biology Education, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Basak Togar
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science , Erzurum Technical University , Erzurum , Turkey
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Xu M, Heidmarsson S, Olafsdottir ES, Buonfiglio R, Kogej T, Omarsdottir S. Secondary metabolites from cetrarioid lichens: Chemotaxonomy, biological activities and pharmaceutical potential. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:441-459. [PMID: 27064003 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens, as a symbiotic association of photobionts and mycobionts, display an unmatched environmental adaptability and a great chemical diversity. As an important morphological group, cetrarioid lichens are one of the most studied lichen taxa for their phylogeny, secondary chemistry, bioactivities and uses in folk medicines, especially the lichen Cetraria islandica. However, insufficient structure elucidation and discrepancy in bioactivity results could be found in a few studies. PURPOSE This review aimed to present a more detailed and updated overview of the knowledge of secondary metabolites from cetrarioid lichens in a critical manner, highlighting their potentials for pharmaceuticals as well as other applications. Here we also highlight the uses of molecular phylogenetics, metabolomics and ChemGPS-NP model for future bioprospecting, taxonomy and drug screening to accelerate applications of those lichen substances. CHAPTERS The paper starts with a short introduction in to the studies of lichen secondary metabolites, the biological classification of cetrarioid lichens and the aim. In light of ethnic uses of cetrarioid lichens for therapeutic purposes, molecular phylogeny is proposed as a tool for future bioprospecting of cetrarioid lichens, followed by a brief discussion of the taxonomic value of lichen substances. Then a delicate description of the bioactivities, patents, updated chemical structures and lichen sources is presented, where lichen substances are grouped by their chemical structures and discussed about their bioactivity in comparison with reference compounds. To accelerate the discovery of bioactivities and potential drug targets of lichen substances, the application of the ChemGPS NP model is highlighted. Finally the safety concerns of lichen substances (i.e. toxicity and immunogenicity) and future-prospects in the field are exhibited. CONCLUSION While the ethnic uses of cetrarioid lichens and the pharmaceutical potential of their secondary metabolites have been recognized, the knowledge of a large number of lichen substances with interesting structures is still limited to various in vitro assays with insufficient biological annotations, and this area still deserves more research in bioactivity, drug targets and screening. Attention should be paid on the accurate interpretation of their bioactivity for further applications avoiding over-interpretations from various in vitro bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonian Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Starri Heidmarsson
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Akureyri Division, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Elin Soffia Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rosa Buonfiglio
- Chemistry Innovation Centre, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Thierry Kogej
- Chemistry Innovation Centre, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
| | - Sesselja Omarsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Le Corvec M, Boussard-Plédel C, Charpentier F, Fatih N, Le Dare B, Massart F, Rojas F, Tariel H, Loréal O, Bureau B, Boustie J, Sire O, LohézicLe Dévéhat F. Chemotaxonomic discrimination of lichen species using an infrared chalcogenide fibre optic sensor: a useful tool for on-field biosourcing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectral analysis of lichen extracts obtained by MIR-FEWS permits to discriminate species and the identification of their major compounds. MIR-FEWS is a rapid, efficient and convenient tool for metabolic profiling.
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Fernández-Moriano C, Divakar PK, Crespo A, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Neuroprotective activity and cytotoxic potential of two Parmeliaceae lichens: Identification of active compounds. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:847-855. [PMID: 26220632 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are symbiotic organisms capable of producing unique secondary metabolites, whose pharmacological activities are attracting much interest. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro neuroprotective effects and anticancer potential of methanol extracts of two Parmeliaceae lichens: Cetraria islandica and Vulpicida canadensis. The chemical composition of the two lichens was also determined. METHODS Neuroprotective activity was studied with respect to the antioxidant properties of the extracts; radical scavenging tests (ORAC and DPPH assays) were performed and oxidative stress markers (intracellular ROS production, caspase-3 activity, MDA and glutathione levels) were assessed in a hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress model in astrocytes. Cytotoxic activity was tested against human HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. RESULTS Cell viability studies identified a single concentration for each extract that was subsequently used to measure oxidative stress markers. Lichen extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, thus promoting astrocyte survival. Both lichen extracts also had anticancer activity in the cell lines, with IC50 values of 19.51-181.05 µg/ml. The extracts had a high total phenolic content, and the main constituents identified by HPLC were fumarprotocetraric acid in Cetraria islandica, and usnic, pinastric and vulpinic acids in Vulpicida canadensis. The biological activities of the lichen extracts can be attributed to these secondary metabolites. CONCLUSION The lichen species studied are promising sources of natural compounds with neuroprotective activity and cytotoxic potential, and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández-Moriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pradeep Kumar Divakar
- Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Crespo
- Department of Plant Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Antioxidant activity and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from lichens: a systematic review. Molecules 2014; 19:14496-527. [PMID: 25221871 PMCID: PMC6271897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases are characterized by an enhanced state of oxidative stress, which may result from the overproduction of reactive species and/or a decrease in antioxidant defenses. The search for new chemical entities with antioxidant profile is still thus an emerging field on ongoing interest. Due to the lack of reviews concerning the antioxidant activity of lichen-derived natural compounds, we performed a review of the antioxidant potential and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from lichens. The search terms “lichens”, “antioxidants” and “antioxidant response elements” were used to retrieve articles in LILACS, PubMed and Web of Science published until February 2014. From a total of 319 articles surveyed, 32 met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was observed that the most common isolated compound studied was usnic acid, cited in 14 out of the 32 articles. The most often described antioxidant assays for the study of in vitro antioxidant activity were mainly DPPH, LPO and SOD. The most suggested mechanisms of action were scavenging of reactive species, enzymatic activation and inhibition of iNOS. Thus, compounds isolated from lichens are possible candidates for the management of oxidative stress, and may be useful in the treatment of chronic diseases.
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