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Nath P, Alfarsi LH, El-Ansari R, Masisi BK, Erkan B, Fakroun A, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. The amino acid transporter SLC7A11 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2291855. [PMID: 38073087 PMCID: PMC10761065 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2291855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), characterized by its diverse molecular profiles and clinical outcomes, presents a significant challenge in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Metabolic reprogramming, a defining characteristic of cancer, has emerged as a promising target for novel therapies. SLC7A11, an amino acid transporter that facilitates cysteine uptake in exchange for glutamate, plays a crucial role in sustaining the altered metabolism of cancer cells. This study delves into the comprehensive analysis of SLC7A11 at the genomic, transcriptomic, and protein levels in extensive BC datasets to elucidate its potential role in different BC subtypes. SLC7A11 gene copy number and mRNA expression were evaluated using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort (n = 1,980) and Breast Cancer Gene Expression Miner (n = 4,712). SLC7A11 protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry in a large BC cohort (n = 1,981). Additionally, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was used to explore SLC7A11 DNA methylation patterns using MethSurv (n = 782) and association of SLC7A11 mRNA expression with immune infiltrates using TIMER (n = 1,100). High SLC7A11 mRNA and SLC7A11 protein expression were significantly associated with high tumor grade (p ≤ .02), indicating a potential role in cancer progression. Interestingly, SLC7A11 copy number gain was observed in HER2+ tumors (p = .01), suggesting a subtype-specific association. In contrast, SLC7A11 mRNA expression was higher in the basal-like/triple-negative (TN; p < .001) and luminal B tumors (p = .02), highlighting its differential expression across BC subtypes. Notably, high SLC7A11 protein expression was predominantly observed in Estrogen Receptor (ER)-negative and Triple Negative (TN) BC, suggesting a role in these aggressive subtypes. Further analysis revealed that SLC7A11 was positively correlated with other amino acid transporters and enzymes associated with glutamine metabolism, implying a coordinated role in metabolic regulation. Additionally, SLC7A11 gene expression was positively associated with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, suggesting a potential link between SLC7A11 and tumor immunity. Our findings suggest that SLC7A11 plays a significant role in BC metabolism, demonstrating differential expression across subtypes and associations with poor patient outcomes. Further functional studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which SLC7A11 contributes to BC progression and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyanka Nath
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lutfi H. Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rokaya El-Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brendah K. Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Busra Erkan
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ali Fakroun
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
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Hu Z, Yan R. Structural basis for the inhibition mechanism of LAT1-4F2hc complex by JPH203. Cell Discov 2024; 10:73. [PMID: 38956038 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Renhong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Ajao AM, Liu G, Taylor J, Ball MEE, Mercier Y, Applegate TJ, Selvaraj R, Kyriazakis I, Kim WK, Olukosi OA. Phase-specific outcmes of arginine or branched-chain amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of tissue protein synthesis and degradation in broiler chickens infected with mixed Eimeria spp. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103811. [PMID: 38763061 PMCID: PMC11111822 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A 35-d study investigated the impact of dietary supplementation with Arginine (Arg) or branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) of broilers receiving low-protein diets whilst infected with mixed Eimeria species. All birds were given the same starter (d0-10) and finisher (d28-35) diets. The 4 grower diets used were a positive control (PC) with adequate protein (18.5%), a low protein diet (NC;16.5% CP), or the NC supplemented with Arg or BCAA. Supplemental AA was added at 50% above the recommended levels. The treatments were in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 diets, with or without Eimeria inoculation on d14. Birds and feed were weighed after inoculation in phases: prepatent (d14-17), acute (d18-21), recovery (d22-28), and compensatory (d29-35). Ileal digesta, jejunum, and breast tissue were collected on d21, 28, and 35. There was no diet × Eimeria inoculation on growth performance at any phase. Infected birds weighed less and consumed less feed (P < 0.05) in all phases. In the prepatent and acute phases, birds on the Arg diets had higher weight gain (P < 0.05) and lower FCR, similar to PC, when compared to NC and BCAA-fed ones. Infection reduced AA digestibility on d21 and 28 (Met and Cys). However, birds that received supplemental AA had higher digestibility (P < 0.05) of their respective supplemented AA on d 21 only. Infected birds had lower (P < 0.05) BO + AT and higher PEPT1 expression on d21. There was a diet × Eimeria interaction (P = 0.004) on gene expression at d28; 4EBP1 genes were significantly downwardly expressed (P < 0.05) in birds fed Arg diet, irrespective of infection. Infected birds exhibited an upward expression (P < 0.05) of Eef2 on d21 and d28 but experienced a downward expression on d35. Supplemental Arg and BCAA had variable effects on growth performance, apparent ileal AA digestibility, and genes of protein synthesis and degradation, but the effect of Arg on promoting weight gain, irrespective of the Eimeria challenge, was more consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleye M Ajao
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Guanchen Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James Taylor
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
| | - M Elizabeth E Ball
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Todd J Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Woo K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Oluyinka A Olukosi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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4
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Frye BM, Negrey JD, Johnson CSC, Kim J, Barcus RA, Lockhart SN, Whitlow CT, Chiou KL, Snyder-Mackler N, Montine TJ, Craft S, Shively CA, Register TC. Mediterranean diet protects against a neuroinflammatory cortical transcriptome: Associations with brain volumetrics, peripheral inflammation, social isolation, and anxiety in nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis). Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:681-692. [PMID: 38636565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean diets may be neuroprotective and prevent cognitive decline relative to Western diets; however, the underlying biology is poorly understood. We assessed the effects of Western versus Mediterranean-like diets on RNAseq-generated transcriptional profiles in lateral temporal cortex and their relationships with longitudinal changes in neuroanatomy, circulating monocyte gene expression, and observations of social isolation and anxiety in 38 socially-housed, middle-aged female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Diet resulted in differential expression of seven transcripts (FDR < 0.05). Cyclin dependent kinase 14 (CDK14), a proinflammatory regulator, was lower in the Mediterranean group. The remaining six transcripts [i.e., "lunatic fringe" (LFNG), mannose receptor C type 2 (MRC2), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLCA32), butyrophilin subfamily 2 member A1 (BTN2A1), katanin regulatory subunit B1 (KATNB1), and transmembrane protein 268 (TMEM268)] were higher in cortex of the Mediterranean group and generally associated with anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective pathways. KATNB1 encodes a subcomponent of katanin, important in maintaining microtubule homeostasis. BTN2A1 is involved in immunomodulation of γδ T-cells which have anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. CDK14, LFNG, MRC2, and SLCA32 are associated with inflammatory pathways. The latter four differentially expressed cortex transcripts were associated with peripheral monocyte transcript levels, neuroanatomical changes determined by MRI, and with social isolation and anxiety. These results provide important insights into the potential mechanistic processes linking diet, peripheral and central inflammation, and behavior. Collectively, our results provide evidence that, relative to Western diets, Mediterranean diets confer protection against peripheral and central inflammation which is reflected in preserved brain structure and socioemotional behavior. Ultimately, such protective effects may confer resilience to the development of neuropathology and associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Frye
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, VA, USA; Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jacob D Negrey
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jeongchul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Richard A Barcus
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Samuel N Lockhart
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher T Whitlow
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth L Chiou
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Craft
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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5
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Latifi-Navid H, Lotfi J, Khodagholi F, Shojaei S, Ghavami S, Fahanik Babaei J. CSF amino acid profiles in ICV-streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar rat: a metabolomics and systems biology perspective. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1116-1132. [PMID: 38769074 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly important public health concern due to the increasing proportion of older individuals within the general population. The impairment of processes responsible for adequate brain energy supply primarily determines the early features of the aging process. Restricting brain energy supply results in brain hypometabolism prior to clinical symptoms and is anatomically and functionally associated with cognitive impairment. The present study investigated changes in metabolic profiles induced by intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in an AD-like animal model. To this end, male Wistar rats received a single injection of STZ (3 mg·kg-1) by ICV (2.5 μL into each ventricle for 5 min on each side). In the second week after receiving ICV-STZ, rats were tested for cognitive performance using the Morris Water Maze test and subsequently prepared for positron emission tomography (PET) to confirm AD-like symptoms. Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis was used to detect amino acid changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) samples. Our metabolomics study revealed a reduction in the concentrations of various amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophane, tyrosine, and valine) in CSF of ICV-STZ-treated animals as compared to controls rats. The results of the current study indicate amino acid levels could potentially be considered targets of nutritional and/or pharmacological interventions to interfere with AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jabar Lotfi
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Kanaan MN, Pileggi CA, Karam CY, Kennedy LS, Fong-McMaster C, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Harper ME. Cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT controls skeletal muscle glutathione redox, bioenergetics and differentiation. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103213. [PMID: 38815331 PMCID: PMC11167394 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine, the rate-controlling amino acid in cellular glutathione synthesis is imported as cystine, by the cystine/glutamate antiporter, xCT, and subsequently reduced to cysteine. As glutathione redox is important in muscle regeneration in aging, we hypothesized that xCT exerts upstream control over skeletal muscle glutathione redox, metabolism and regeneration. Bioinformatic analyses of publicly available datasets revealed that expression levels of xCT and GSH-related genes are inversely correlated with myogenic differentiation genes. Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) isolated from Slc7a11sut/sut mice, which harbour a mutation in the Slc7a11 gene encoding xCT, required media supplementation with 2-mercaptoethanol to support cell proliferation but not myotube differentiation, despite persistently lower GSH. Slc7a11sut/sut primary myotubes were larger compared to WT myotubes, and also exhibited higher glucose uptake and cellular oxidative capacities. Immunostaining of myogenic markers (Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin) in cardiotoxin-damaged tibialis anterior muscle fibres revealed greater MuSC activation and commitment to differentiation in Slc7a11sut/sut muscle compared to WT mice, culminating in larger myofiber cross-sectional areas at 21 days post-injury. Slc7a11sut/sut mice subjected to a 5-week exercise training protocol demonstrated enhanced insulin tolerance compared to WT mice, but blunted muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in response to exercise training. Our results demonstrate that the absence of xCT inhibits cell proliferation but promotes myotube differentiation by regulating cellular metabolism and glutathione redox. Altogether, these results support the notion that myogenesis is a redox-regulated process and may help inform novel therapeutic approaches for muscle wasting and dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel N Kanaan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Dr. Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Charbel Y Karam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Luke S Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Claire Fong-McMaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Adla SK, Virtanen H, Thongsodsaeng T, Huttunen KM. Amino acid transporters in neurological disorders and neuroprotective effects of cysteine derivatives. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105771. [PMID: 38761853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
For most diseases and disorders occurring in the brain, the full causes behind them are yet unknown, but many show signs of dysfunction of amino acid transporters or abnormalities in amino acid metabolism. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in supporting the function of the central nervous system (CNS). Because of its unique structure, the BBB can maintain the optimal environment for CNS by controlling the passage of hydrophilic molecules from blood to the brain. Nutrients, such as amino acids, can cross the BBB via specific transporters. Many amino acids are essential for CNS function, and dysfunction of these amino acid transporters can lead to abnormalities in amino acid levels. This has been linked to causes behind certain genetic brain diseases, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and Huntington's disease (HD). One example of crucial amino acids is L-Cys, the rate-limiting factor in the biosynthesis of an important antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Deficiency of L-Cys and GSH has been linked to oxidative stress and has been shown as a plausible cause behind certain CNS diseases, like schizophrenia and HD. This review presents the current status of potential L-Cys therapies and gives future directions that can be taken to improve amino acid transportation related to distinct CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Heinileena Virtanen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thanavit Thongsodsaeng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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8
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Shimada H, Powell TL, Jansson T. Regulation of placental amino acid transport in health and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14157. [PMID: 38711335 PMCID: PMC11162343 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal fetal growth, i.e., intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or fetal growth restriction (FGR) and fetal overgrowth, is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality and is strongly linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease in childhood and later in life. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in placental amino acid transport may contribute to abnormal fetal growth. This review is focused on amino acid transport in the human placenta, however, relevant animal models will be discussed to add mechanistic insights. At least 25 distinct amino acid transporters with different characteristics and substrate preferences have been identified in the human placenta. Of these, System A, transporting neutral nonessential amino acids, and System L, mediating the transport of essential amino acids, have been studied in some detail. Importantly, decreased placental Systems A and L transporter activity is strongly associated with IUGR and increased placental activity of these two amino acid transporters has been linked to fetal overgrowth in human pregnancy. An array of factors in the maternal circulation, including insulin, IGF-1, and adiponectin, and placental signaling pathways such as mTOR, have been identified as key regulators of placental Systems A and L. Studies using trophoblast-specific gene targeting in mice have provided compelling evidence that changes in placental Systems A and L are mechanistically linked to altered fetal growth. It is possible that targeting specific placental amino acid transporters or their upstream regulators represents a novel intervention to alleviate the short- and long-term consequences of abnormal fetal growth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, US
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, US
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, US
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, US
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9
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Yu Y, Zhang L, Zhang D, Dai Q, Hou M, Chen M, Gao F, Liu XL. The role of ferroptosis in acute kidney injury: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05056-3. [PMID: 38943027 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and severe clinical renal syndromes with high morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), is characterized by iron overload, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and lipid peroxidation. As ferroptosis has been increasingly studied in recent years, it is closely associated with the pathophysiological process of AKI and provides a target for the treatment of AKI. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, summarizes its role in various AKI models, and explores its interaction with other forms of cell death, it also presents research on ferroptosis in AKI progression to other diseases. Additionally, the review highlights methods for detecting and assessing AKI through the lens of ferroptosis and describes potential inhibitors of ferroptosis for AKI treatment. Finally, the review presents a perspective on the future of clinical AKI treatment, aiming to stimulate further research on ferroptosis in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Yu
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Die Zhang
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Qiangfang Dai
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Mingzheng Hou
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Meini Chen
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
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10
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Hou X, Song S, Xu Z, Shi Y, Yang Y, Zhang L, Cui Y, Wang C, Lin Y. Prolactin upregulates amino acids uptake in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via LAT1. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00966-4. [PMID: 38945262 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The uptake of AA in mammary tissues is affected by prolactin (PRL). To investigate whether PRL-induced AA uptake is involved in L-type AA transporter 1 (LAT1), we analyzed the changes of AA in the medium of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells in the presence of PRL or PRL plus BCH, an inhibitor of LAT1. Then Western blot and luciferase assay were used to detect the regulation mechanism of PRL on LAT1 expression and function. Our results showed that Thr, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Lys, Phe, and His are LAT1 substrates and could be transported into mammary epithelial cells via LAT1. PRL stimulation increased the uptake of most AA into mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows, however, inhibition of LAT1 transport activity reduced PRL-induced AA uptake, suggesting that the effect of PRL on AA transport depends on LAT1 expression and function. PRL stimulation upregulated LAT1 expression and plasma membrane location not only in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells, but also in mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11. Western blot showed that PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling could be activated in PRL-stimulated mammary epithelial cells. Treatment of cells with LY294002 decreased PI3K-AKT-mTOR activation, as well LAT1 expression, that in turn decreased milk protein synthesis. Luciferase assay showed PRL treatment increased the promoter activity of LAT1 promoter fragment -419∼-86 bp. Treatment of cells with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, or SC79, an activator of AKT abolished or promoted the transcriptional activity of this promoter fragment in the presence of PRL. These results suggested that the -419∼-86 bp fragment of LAT1 promoter mediates the action of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling on LAT1 transcription in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows, which in turn increased LAT1 expression and AA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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11
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Gai X, Liu Y, Lan X, Chen L, Yuan T, Xu J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Yan Y, Yang L, Fu Y, Tang S, Cao S, Dai X, Zhu H, Geng M, Ding J, Pu C, Huang M. Oncogenic KRAS Induces Arginine Auxotrophy and Confers a Therapeutic Vulnerability to SLC7A1 Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1963-1977. [PMID: 38502865 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The urea cycle is frequently rewired in cancer cells to meet the metabolic demands of cancer. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism by which oncogenic signaling mediates urea cycle reprogramming could help identify targetable metabolic vulnerabilities. In this study, we discovered that oncogenic activation of KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) silenced the expression of argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), a urea cycle enzyme that catalyzes the production of arginine from aspartate and citrulline, and thereby diverted the utilization of aspartate to pyrimidine synthesis to meet the high demand for DNA replication. Specifically, KRAS signaling facilitated a hypoacetylated state in the promoter region of the ASS1 gene in a histone deacetylase 3-dependent manner, which in turn impeded the recruitment of c-MYC for ASS1 transcription. ASS1 suppression in KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells impaired the biosynthesis of arginine and rendered a dependency on the arginine transmembrane transporter SLC7A1 to import extracellular arginine. Depletion of SLC7A1 in both patient-derived organoid and xenograft models inhibited KRAS-driven NSCLC growth. Together, these findings uncover the role of oncogenic KRAS in rewiring urea cycle metabolism and identify SLC7A1-mediated arginine uptake as a therapeutic vulnerability for treating KRAS-mutant NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE ASS1 deficiency is induced by mutant KRAS in NSCLC to facilitate DNA synthesis and creates a dependency on SLC7A1, revealing dietary arginine restriction and SLC7A1 inhibition as potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiameng Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingluo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
| | - Luoyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yize Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixian Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
| | - Siyuwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
| | - Congying Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
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12
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Hu K, Ou Y, Xiao L, Gu R, He F, Peng J, Shu Y, Li T, Hao L. Identification and Construction of a Disulfidptosis-Mediated Diagnostic Model and Associated Immune Microenvironment of Osteoarthritis from the Perspective of PPPM. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3753-3770. [PMID: 38882183 PMCID: PMC11179642 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s462179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of human disability. Despite receiving treatment, patients with the middle and late stage of OA have poor survival outcomes. Therefore, within the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM), early personalized diagnosis of OA is particularly prominent. PPPM aims to accurately identify disease by integrating multiple omic techniques; however, the efficiency of currently available methods and biomarkers in predicting and diagnosing OA should be improved. Disulfidptosis, a novel programmed cell death mechanism and appeared in particular metabolic status, plays a mysterious characteristic in the occurrence and development of OA, which warrants further investigation. Methods In this study, we integrated three public datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 26 OA samples and 20 normal samples. Via a series of bioinformatic analysis and machine learning, we identified the diagnostic biomarkers and several subtypes of OA. Moreover, the expression of these biomarkers were verified in our in-house cohort and the single cell dataset. Results Three significant regulators of disulfidptosis (NCKAP1, OXSM, and SLC3A2) were identified through differential expression analysis and machine learning. And a nomogram constructed based on these three regulators exhibited ideal efficiency in predicting early- and late-stage OA. Furthermore, based on the expression of three regulators, we identified two disulfidptosis-related subtypes of OA with different infiltration of immune cells and personalized expression level of immune checkpoints. Notably, the expression of the three regulators was demonstrated in a single-cell RNA profile and verified in the synovial tissue in our in-house cohort including 6 OA patients and 6 normal people. Finally, an efficient disulfidptosis-mediated diagnostic model was constructed for OA, with the AUC value of 97.6923% in the training set and 93.3333% and 100% in two validation sets. Conclusion Overall, with regard to PPPM, this study provided novel insights into the role of disulfidptosis regulators in the personalized diagnosis and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanghuan Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
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13
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Dhas N, Kudarha R, Tiwari R, Tiwari G, Garg N, Kumar P, Kulkarni S, Kulkarni J, Soman S, Hegde AR, Patel J, Garkal A, Sami A, Datta D, Colaco V, Mehta T, Vora L, Mutalik S. Recent advancements in nanomaterial-mediated ferroptosis-induced cancer therapy: Importance of molecular dynamics and novel strategies. Life Sci 2024; 346:122629. [PMID: 38631667 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of controlled cell death resulting from an imbalance between oxidative harm and protective mechanisms, demonstrating significant potential in combating cancer. It differs from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis and necrosis. Molecular therapeutics have hard time playing the long-acting role of ferroptosis induction due to their limited water solubility, low cell targeting capacity, and quick metabolism in vivo. To this end, small molecule inducers based on biological factors have long been used as strategy to induce cell death. Research into ferroptosis and advancements in nanotechnology have led to the discovery that nanomaterials are superior to biological medications in triggering ferroptosis. Nanomaterials derived from iron can enhance ferroptosis induction by directly releasing large quantities of iron and increasing cell ROS levels. Moreover, utilizing nanomaterials to promote programmed cell death minimizes the probability of unfavorable effects induced by mutations in cancer-associated genes such as RAS and TP53. Taken together, this review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in ferroptosis along with the classification of ferroptosis induction. It also emphasized the importance of cell organelles in the control of ferroptosis in cancer therapy. The nanomaterials that trigger ferroptosis are categorized and explained. Iron-based and noniron-based nanomaterials with their characterization at the molecular and cellular levels have been explored, which will be useful for inducing ferroptosis that leads to reduced tumor growth. Within this framework, we offer a synopsis, which traverses the well-established mechanism of ferroptosis and offers practical suggestions for the design and therapeutic use of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Kudarha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kalpi road, Bhauti, Kanpur 208020, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Tiwari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kalpi road, Bhauti, Kanpur 208020, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jahnavi Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Soji Soman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aswathi R Hegde
- Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bangalore 560054, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India; Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Anam Sami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Deepanjan Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Viola Colaco
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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14
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Nguyen NT, Sennoune SR, Dharmalingam-Nandagopal G, Sivaprakasam S, Bhutia YD, Ganapathy V. Impact of Oncogenic Changes in p53 and KRAS on Macropinocytosis and Ferroptosis in Colon Cancer Cells and Anticancer Efficacy of Niclosamide with Differential Effects on These Two Processes. Cells 2024; 13:951. [PMID: 38891084 PMCID: PMC11171492 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in p53 and KRAS are seen in most cases of colon cancer. The impact of these mutations on signaling pathways related to cancer growth has been studied in depth, but relatively less is known on their effects on amino acid transporters in cancer cells. This represents a significant knowledge gap because amino acid nutrition in cancer cells profoundly influences macropinocytosis and ferroptosis, two processes with opposing effects on tumor growth. Here, we used isogenic colon cancer cell lines to investigate the effects of p53 deletion and KRAS activation on two amino acid transporters relevant to macropinocytosis (SLC38A5) and ferroptosis (SLC7A11). Our studies show that the predominant effect of p53 deletion is to induce SLC7A11 with the resultant potentiation of antioxidant machinery and protection of cancer cells from ferroptosis, whereas KRAS activation induces not only SLC7A11 but also SLC38A5, thus offering protection from ferroptosis as well as improving amino acid nutrition in cancer cells via accelerated macropinocytosis. Niclosamide, an FDA-approved anti-helminthic, blocks the functions of SLC7A11 and SLC38A5, thus inducing ferroptosis and suppressing macropinocytosis, with the resultant effective reversal of tumor-promoting actions of oncogenic changes in p53 and KRAS. These findings underscore the potential of this drug in colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (N.T.N.); (S.R.S.); (G.D.-N.); (S.S.); (Y.D.B.)
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15
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Ajao AM, Olukosi OA. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, gut morphometrics, and gene expression of peptide and amino acid transporters in broiler chickens fed low-crude-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids with soybean meal, canola meal, or corn DDGS as protein feedstuffs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4189-4200. [PMID: 38349054 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the impact of using canola meal (CM) or corn distillers dried grain soluble (cDDGS) in place of soybean meal (SBM) in low-crude-protein diets supplemented with amino acids (AA) on AA digestibility, gut morphometrics, and AA transporter genes in broiler chicken. On day 0, 540 Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to six diets in 36-floor pens. The positive control (PC) was a corn-SBM diet with adequate crude protein (CP). The CP level of negative control (NC) was decreased by 45 and 40 g kg-1 relative to PC for grower and finisher phases, respectively. The subsequent two diets had the same CP levels as NC but with cDDGS added at 50 or 125 g kg-1. The last two diets had the same CP as NC but with CM added at 50 or 100 g kg-1. RESULTS Dietary CP reduction in corn-SBM diets increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Lys (88.5%), Met (90.7%), Thr (77.4%), Cys (80.7%), and Gly (84.7%). Increasing levels of cDDGS linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Asp, Cys, Glu, and Ser, whereas increasing CM level linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Cys, Pro, and Ser. The CP reduction in corn-SBM diets produced downward expression of peptide transporter1 and decreased (P < 0.05) absolute pancreas and ileum weight and length of jejunum and ileum. CONCLUSIONS Partial replacement of SBM with alternative protein feedstuffs (cDDGS or CM) in low-CP diets had minimal effects on AA digestibility and mRNA levels of peptides and AA transporters. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleye M Ajao
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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16
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Chidley C, Darnell AM, Gaudio BL, Lien EC, Barbeau AM, Vander Heiden MG, Sorger PK. A CRISPRi/a screening platform to study cellular nutrient transport in diverse microenvironments. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:825-838. [PMID: 38605144 PMCID: PMC11098743 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Blocking the import of nutrients essential for cancer cell proliferation represents a therapeutic opportunity, but it is unclear which transporters to target. Here we report a CRISPR interference/activation screening platform to systematically interrogate the contribution of nutrient transporters to support cancer cell proliferation in environments ranging from standard culture media to tumours. We applied this platform to identify the transporters of amino acids in leukaemia cells and found that amino acid transport involves high bidirectional flux dependent on the microenvironment composition. While investigating the role of transporters in cystine starved cells, we uncovered a role for serotonin uptake in preventing ferroptosis. Finally, we identified transporters essential for cell proliferation in subcutaneous tumours and found that levels of glucose and amino acids can restrain proliferation in that environment. This study establishes a framework for systematically identifying critical cellular nutrient transporters, characterizing their function and exploring how the tumour microenvironment impacts cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chidley
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alicia M Darnell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Gaudio
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Barbeau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Hutchinson K, Schlessinger A. Comprehensive Characterization of LAT1 Cholesterol-Binding Sites. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3349-3358. [PMID: 38597304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1; SLC7A5), is an amino acid exchanger protein, primarily found in the blood-brain barrier, placenta, and testis, where it plays a key role in amino acid homeostasis. Cholesterol is an essential lipid that has been highlighted to play a role in regulating the activity of membrane transporters, such as LAT1, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving this phenomenon. Here we perform a comprehensive computational analysis to investigate cholesterol's role in LAT1 structure and function, focusing on four cholesterol-binding sites (CHOL1-4) identified in a recent LAT1-apo inward-open conformation cryo-EM structure. Through a series of independent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, molecular docking, MM/GBSA free energy calculations, and other analysis tools, we explored the interactions between LAT1 and cholesterol. Our findings suggest that CHOL3 forms the most stable and favorable interactions with LAT1. Principal component analysis (PCA) and center of mass (COM) distance assessments show that CHOL3 binding stabilizes the inward-open state of LAT1 by preserving the spatial arrangement of the hash and bundle domains. Additionally, we propose an alternative cholesterol-binding site for originally assigned CHOL1. Overall, this study improves the understanding of cholesterol's modulatory effect on LAT1 and proposes candidate sites for the discovery of future allosteric ligands with rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keino Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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18
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Li Y, Guo Y, Bröer A, Dai L, Brӧer S, Yan R. Cryo-EM structure of the human Asc-1 transporter complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3036. [PMID: 38589439 PMCID: PMC11001984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Alanine-Serine-Cysteine transporter 1 (Asc-1 or SLC7A10) forms a crucial heterodimeric transporter complex with 4F2hc (SLC3A2) through a covalent disulfide bridge. This complex enables the sodium-independent transport of small neutral amino acids, including L-Alanine (L-Ala), Glycine (Gly), and D-Serine (D-Ser), within the central nervous system (CNS). D-Ser and Gly are two key endogenous glutamate co-agonists that activate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by binding to the allosteric site. Mice deficient in Asc-1 display severe symptoms such as tremors, ataxia, and seizures, leading to early postnatal death. Despite its physiological importance, the functional mechanism of the Asc-1-4F2hc complex has remained elusive. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human Asc-1-4F2hc complex in its apo state, D-Ser bound state, and L-Ala bound state, resolved at 3.6 Å, 3.5 Å, and 3.4 Å, respectively. Through detailed structural analysis and transport assays, we uncover a comprehensive alternating access mechanism that underlies conformational changes in the complex. In summary, our findings reveal the architecture of the Asc-1 and 4F2hc complex and provide valuable insights into substrate recognition and the functional cycle of this essential transporter complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Angelika Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Stefan Brӧer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Renhong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Wu X, Fang Y, Gu Y, Shen H, Xu Y, Xu T, Shi R, Xu D, Zhang J, Leng K, Shu Y, Ma P. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) mediated m 6A modification of circFAM192A promoted gastric cancer proliferation by suppressing SLC7A5 decay. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:11. [PMID: 38556586 PMCID: PMC10982225 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide, especially in East Asia, with high incidence and mortality rate. Epigenetic modifications have been reported to participate in the progression of gastric cancer, among which m6A is the most abundant and important chemical modification in RNAs. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is the first identified RNA demethylase but little is known about its role in gastric cancer. In our study, data from TCGA and clinical samples showed that FTO was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. Kaplan-Meier plotter suggested that patients with the high level of FTO had a poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the role of FTO in promoting gastric cancer cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we found that FTO bound to circFAM192A at the specific site and removed the m6A modification in circFAM192A, protecting it from degradation. CircFAM192A subsequently interacted with the leucine transporter solute carrier family 7 member 5 (SLC7A5) and enhancing its stability. As a result, an increased amount of SLC7A5 was on the membrane, which facilitated leucine uptake and activated the mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, our study demonstrated that FTO promoted gastric cancer proliferation through the circFAM192A/SLC7A5 axis in the m6A-dependent manner. Our study shed new light on the role of FTO in gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunru Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Shen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyue Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Shi
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Clinic School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Leng
- Department of Medical Informatics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang B, Pei J, Xu S, Liu J, Yu J. A glutamine tug-of-war between cancer and immune cells: recent advances in unraveling the ongoing battle. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:74. [PMID: 38459595 PMCID: PMC10921613 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, immune cell function, and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Dysregulated glutamine metabolism has been implicated in cancer development and immune responses, supported by mounting evidence. Cancer cells heavily rely on glutamine as a critical nutrient for survival and proliferation, while immune cells require glutamine for activation and proliferation during immune reactions. This metabolic competition creates a dynamic tug-of-war between cancer and immune cells. Targeting glutamine transporters and downstream enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism holds significant promise in enhancing anti-tumor immunity. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying this interplay is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic approaches that improve anti-tumor immunity and patient outcomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in unraveling the tug-of-war of glutamine metabolism between cancer and immune cells and explore potential applications of basic science discoveries in the clinical setting. Further investigations into the regulation of glutamine metabolism in cancer and immune cells are expected to yield valuable insights, paving the way for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinli Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zhang J, Xiang F, Ding Y, Hu W, Wang H, Zhang X, Lei Z, Li T, Wang P, Kang X. Identification and validation of RNA-binding protein SLC3A2 regulates melanocyte ferroptosis in vitiligo by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:236. [PMID: 38438962 PMCID: PMC10910712 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains unclear. The genes encoding vitiligo-related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their underlying pathogenic mechanism have not been determined. RESULTS Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the CNCB database was obtained to identify distinct cell types and subpopulations and the relative proportion changes in vitiligo and healthy samples. We identified 14 different cell types and 28 cell subpopulations. The proportion of each cell subpopulation significantly differed between the patients with vitiligo and healthy groups. Using RBP genes for unsupervised clustering, we obtained the specific RBP genes of different cell types in vitiligo and healthy groups. The RBP gene expression was highly heterogeneous; there were significant differences in some cell types, such as keratinocytes, Langerhans, and melanocytes, while there were no significant differences in other cells, such as T cells and fibroblasts, in the two groups. The melanocyte-specific RBP genes were enriched in the apoptosis and immune-related pathways in the patients with vitiligo. Combined with the bulk RNA-seq data of melanocytes, key RBP genes related to melanocytes were identified, including eight upregulated RBP genes (CDKN2A, HLA-A, RPL12, RPL29, RPL31, RPS19, RPS21, and RPS28) and one downregulated RBP gene (SLC3A2). Cell experiments were conducted to explore the role of the key RBP gene SLC3A2 in vitiligo. Cell experiments confirmed that melanocyte proliferation decreased, whereas apoptosis increased, after SLC3A2 knockdown. SLC3A2 knockdown in melanocytes also decreased the SOD activity and melanin content; increased the Fe2+, ROS, and MDA content; significantly increased the expression levels of TYR and COX2; and decreased the expression levels of glutathione and GPX4. CONCLUSION We identified the RBP genes of different cell subsets in patients with vitiligo and confirmed that downregulating SLC3A2 can promote ferroptosis in melanocytes. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Xiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zixian Lei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China.
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Xia R, Peng HF, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Comprehensive review of amino acid transporters as therapeutic targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129646. [PMID: 38272411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) family, with more than 400 membrane-bound proteins, facilitates the transport of a wide array of substrates such as nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across biological membranes. Amino acid transporters (AATs) are membrane transport proteins that mediate transfer of amino acids into and out of cells or cellular organelles. AATs participate in many important physiological functions including nutrient supply, metabolic transformation, energy homeostasis, redox regulation, and neurological regulation. Several AATs have been found to significantly impact the progression of human malignancies, and dysregulation of AATs results in metabolic reprogramming affecting tumor growth and progression. However, current clinical therapies that directly target AATs have not been developed. The purpose of this review is to highlight the structural and functional diversity of AATs, the molecular mechanisms in human diseases such as tumors, kidney diseases, and emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting AATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hai-Feng Peng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China.
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23
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Le J, Chen Y, Yang W, Chen L, Ye J. Metabolic basis of solute carrier transporters in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:437-454. [PMID: 38322335 PMCID: PMC10840401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) constitute the largest superfamily of membrane transporter proteins. These transporters, present in various SLC families, play a vital role in energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of diverse substances, including glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, and ions. They actively participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism at various steps, such as glucose uptake (e.g., SLC2A4/GLUT4), glucose reabsorption (e.g., SLC5A2/SGLT2), thermogenesis (e.g., SLC25A7/UCP-1), and ATP production (e.g., SLC25A4/ANT1 and SLC25A5/ANT2). The activities of these transporters contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Notably, SLC5A2 has emerged as a valid drug target for T2DM due to its role in renal glucose reabsorption, leading to groundbreaking advancements in diabetes drug discovery. Alongside SLC5A2, multiple families of SLC transporters involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis hold potential applications for T2DM therapy. SLCs also impact drug metabolism of diabetic medicines through gene polymorphisms, such as rosiglitazone (SLCO1B1/OATP1B1) and metformin (SLC22A1-3/OCT1-3 and SLC47A1, 2/MATE1, 2). By consolidating insights into the biological activities and clinical relevance of SLC transporters in T2DM, this review offers a comprehensive update on their roles in controlling glucose metabolism as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Le
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Research Center for Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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24
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England AD, Heras-Saldana SDL, Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Wu SB. The effect of sex and dietary crude protein level on nutrient transporter gene expression and cecal microbiota populations in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103268. [PMID: 38035473 PMCID: PMC10698011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that male and female broilers differ in their growth performance and that many physiological factors contribute to this difference. The aim of this experiment is to investigate if there are differences between male and female broilers in cecal microbiota and nutrient transporter gene expression and if these differences play a role in the growth performance of broilers. The possible effect of protein level and its interaction with sex on microbiota and expression of the nutrient transporters were also investigated. Samples were collected from male and female birds fed either standard crude protein (SCP) or reduced crude protein diets (RCP) at the age of d 35. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of 448 Cobb 500 broilers assigned to 32-floor pens with 4 treatments, 8 replicates, and 14 birds per pen for performance measurements. The factors were sex (male or female) and dietary crude protein (CP) level (standard or reduced). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded for each pen. Sex had a significant effect on BWG and FCR (P < 0.001) where males had a significantly higher BWG and better FCR compared to females. There was a significant interaction between sex and protein level on feed intake (FI) (P < 0.05), where male birds had a higher FI compared to female birds only when the birds were fed SCP but not RCP diets. There was a significant interaction between CP level and sex on the expression of CAT2 (P = 0.02) and PEPT2 (P = 0.026) where the genes were significantly upregulated in females but only when the RCP diet was fed. The RCP diet upregulated the expression of BoAT (P = 0.03) as a main effect. Female birds had significantly higher expression of the PepT-2 gene compared to the males. The alpha diversity of the cecal microbiota showed differences among the treatments. The Shannon diversity index was statistically higher (P = 0.036) for males fed the SCP diet and the Chao1 index for evenness was statistically higher (P = 0.027) in females fed the SCP diet. There was also a difference in the relative abundance of the 15 most common genera found in the cecal content of the broilers in this experiment and lastly, the differential composition of microbiota between the different treatments was also significantly different. This study suggests that chickens are able to compensate for a reduction in AA substrates when fed a low CP diet through the upregulation of certain AA transporters, females may adapt to low CP diets better by such upregulation compared to males, and lastly, sex has an effect on the cecal microbial population and these differences contribute towards the performance differences between male and female broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D England
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Sara de Las Heras-Saldana
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Kosar Gharib-Naseri
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia.
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25
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Chaves JCS, Dando SJ, White AR, Oikari LE. Blood-brain barrier transporters: An overview of function, dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and strategies for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166967. [PMID: 38008230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) has a major function in maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules from the blood to the brain. Key players in BBB function are BBB transporters which are highly expressed in brain endothelial cells (BECs) and critical in mediating the exchange of nutrients and waste products. BBB transporters can also influence drug delivery into the brain by inhibiting or facilitating the entry of brain targeting therapeutics for the treatment of brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that AD is associated with a disrupted BBB and transporter dysfunction, although their roles in the development in AD are not fully understand. Modulation of BBB transporter activity may pose a novel approach to enhance the delivery of drugs to the brain for enhanced treatment of AD. In this review, we will give an overview of key functions of BBB transporters and known changes in AD. In addition, we will discuss current strategies for transporter modulation for enhanced drug delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C S Chaves
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha J Dando
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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26
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Shao L, Yang M, Sun T, Xia H, Du D, Li X, Jie Z. Role of solute carrier transporters in regulating dendritic cell maturation and function. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350385. [PMID: 38073515 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters mediate diverse physiological functions and maintain cellular metabolite homeostasis. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of SLCs in immune processes. Notably, upon activation, immune cells undergo rapid and robust metabolic reprogramming, largely dependent on SLCs to modulate diverse immunological responses. In this review, we explore the central roles of SLC proteins and their transported substrates in shaping DC functions. We provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies on amino acid transporters, metal ion transporters, and glucose transporters, emphasizing their essential contributions to DC homeostasis under varying pathological conditions. Finally, we propose potential strategies for targeting SLCs in DCs to bolster immunotherapy for a spectrum of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxin Yang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haotang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuliang Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Awad S, Skipper W, Vostrejs W, Ozorowski K, Min K, Pfuhler L, Mehta D, Cooke A. The YBX3 RNA-binding protein posttranscriptionally controls SLC1A5 mRNA in proliferating and differentiating skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105602. [PMID: 38159852 PMCID: PMC10837625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, skeletal muscles comprise nearly 40% of total body mass, which is maintained throughout adulthood by a balance of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Cellular amino acid (AA) levels are critical for these processes, and mammalian cells contain transporter proteins that import AAs to maintain homeostasis. Until recently, the control of transporter regulation has largely been studied at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. However, here, we report that the RNA-binding protein YBX3 is critical to sustain intracellular AAs in mouse skeletal muscle cells, which aligns with our recent findings in human cells. We find that YBX3 directly binds the solute carrier (SLC)1A5 AA transporter messenger (m)RNA to posttranscriptionally control SLC1A5 expression during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. YBX3 regulation of SLC1A5 requires the 3' UTR. Additionally, intracellular AAs transported by SLC1A5, either directly or indirectly through coupling to other transporters, are specifically reduced when YBX3 is depleted. Further, we find that reduction of the YBX3 protein reduces proliferation and impairs differentiation in skeletal muscle cells, and that YBX3 and SLC1A5 protein expression increase substantially during skeletal muscle differentiation, independently of their respective mRNA levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that YBX3 regulates AA transport in skeletal muscle cells, and that its expression is critical to maintain skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silina Awad
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Skipper
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Vostrejs
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kristen Min
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liva Pfuhler
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Cooke
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Lamsal M, Luker HA, Pinch M, Hansen IA. RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Acidic Ribosomal Stalk Protein P1 Arrests Egg Development in Adult Female Yellow Fever Mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2024; 15:84. [PMID: 38392504 PMCID: PMC10889338 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
After taking a blood meal, the fat body of the adult female yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, switches from a previtellogenic state of arrest to an active state of synthesizing large quantities of yolk protein precursors (YPPs) that are crucial for egg development. The synthesis of YPPs is regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Previously, we identified the cytoplasmic protein general control nonderepressible 1 (GCN1) as a part of the translational regulatory pathway for YPP synthesis. In the current study, we used the C-terminal end of GCN1 to screen for protein-protein interactions and identified 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 (P1). An expression analysis and RNAi-mediated knockdown of P1 was performed to further investigate the role of P1 in mosquito reproduction. We showed that in unfed (absence of a blood meal) adult A. aegypti mosquitoes, P1 was expressed ubiquitously in the mosquito organs and tissues tested. We also showed that the RNAi-mediated knockdown of P1 in unfed adult female mosquitoes resulted in a strong, transient knockdown with observable phenotypic changes in ovary length and egg deposition. Our results suggest that 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 is necessary for mosquito reproduction and is a promising target for mosquito population control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Lamsal
- Molecular Vector Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Hailey A Luker
- Molecular Vector Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Immo A Hansen
- Molecular Vector Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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Wu S, Li C, Li Y, Liu J, Rong C, Pei H, Li X, Zeng X, Mao W. SLC2A9 rs16890979 reduces uric acid absorption by kidney organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1268226. [PMID: 38269090 PMCID: PMC10806012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The excretion and absorption of uric acid (UA) by the kidneys helps regulate serum UA levels. GLUT9, encoded by SLC2A9, is mainly expressed in the renal tubules responsible for UA absorption. SLC2A9 polymorphisms are associated with different serum UA levels. However, the lack of proper in vitro models has stalled research on the mechanisms of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect UA metabolism in human urate transporters. Methods: In this study, we constructed a gene-edited human embryonic stem cells-9 (ESC-H9) derived kidney organoid bearing rs16890979, an SLC2A9 missense mutation with undetermined associations with hyperuricemia or hypouricemia. Kidney organoids derived from ESC-H9 with genetical overexpression (OE) and low expression (shRNA) of SLC2A9 to serve as controls to study the function of SLC2A9. The function of rs16890979 on UA metabolism was evaluated after placing the organoids to urate-containing medium and following histopathological analysis. Results: The kidney organoids with heterozygous or homozygous rs16890979 mutations showed normal SLC2A9 expression levels and histological distribution, phenotypically similar to the wild-type controls. However, reduced absorption of UA by the kidney organoids with rs16890979 mutants was observed. This finding together with the observation that UA absorption is increased in organoids with SLC2A9 overexpression and decreased in those with SLC2A9 knockdown, suggest that GLUT9 is responsible for UA absorption, and the rs16890979 SNP may compromise this functionality. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was detected in organoids after UA treatment, especially in the kidney organoid carrying GLUT9OE, suggesting the cytobiological mechanism explaining the pathological features in hyperuricosuria-related renal injury. Discussion: This study showing the transitional value of kidney organoid modeling the function of SNPs on UA metabolism. With a defined genetic background and a confirmed UA absorption function should be useful for studies on renal histological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms with this organoid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lab of Stem Cell Biology and Innovative Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Institute for Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Rai S, Roy G, Hajam YA. Melatonin: a modulator in metabolic rewiring in T-cell malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1248339. [PMID: 38260850 PMCID: PMC10800968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) an indoleamine exerts multifaced effects and regulates numerous cellular pathways and molecular targets associated with circadian rhythm, immune modulation, and seasonal reproduction including metabolic rewiring during T cell malignancy. T-cell malignancies encompass a group of hematological cancers characterized by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of malignant T-cells. These cancer cells exhibit a distinct metabolic adaptation, a hallmark of cancer in general, as they rewire their metabolic pathways to meet the heightened energy requirements and biosynthesis necessary for malignancies is the Warburg effect, characterized by a shift towards glycolysis, even when oxygen is available. In addition, T-cell malignancies cause metabolic shift by inhibiting the enzyme pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDK) which in turn results in increased acetyl CoA enzyme production and cellular glycolytic activity. Further, melatonin plays a modulatory role in the expression of essential transporters (Glut1, Glut2) responsible for nutrient uptake and metabolic rewiring, such as glucose and amino acid transporters in T-cells. This modulation significantly impacts the metabolic profile of T-cells, consequently affecting their differentiation. Furthermore, melatonin has been found to regulate the expression of critical signaling molecules involved in T-cell activations, such as CD38, and CD69. These molecules are integral to T-cell adhesion, signaling, and activation. This review aims to provide insights into the mechanism of melatonin's anticancer properties concerning metabolic rewiring during T-cell malignancy. The present review encompasses the involvement of oncogenic factors, the tumor microenvironment and metabolic alteration, hallmarks, metabolic reprogramming, and the anti-oncogenic/oncostatic impact of melatonin on various cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Gunja Roy
- Department of Zoology Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Department of Life Sciences and Allied Health Sciences, Sant Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, India
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31
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Wei BR, Zhao YJ, Cheng YF, Huang C, Zhang F. Helicobacter pylori infection and Parkinson's Disease: etiology, pathogenesis and levodopa bioavailability. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38166953 PMCID: PMC10759355 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown etiology, is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons. The prevalence of PD has experienced a significant surge in recent years. The unidentified etiology poses limitations to the development of effective therapeutic interventions for this condition. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has affected approximately half of the global population. Mounting evidences suggest that H. pylori infection plays an important role in PD through various mechanisms. The autotoxin produced by H. pylori induces pro-inflammatory cytokines release, thereby facilitating the occurrence of central inflammation that leads to neuronal damage. Simultaneously, H. pylori disrupts the equilibrium of gastrointestinal microbiota with an overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestinal known as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). This dysbiosis of the gut flora influences the central nervous system (CNS) through microbiome-gut-brain axis. Moreover, SIBO hampers levodopa absorption and affects its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of PD. Also, H. pylori promotes the production of defensins to regulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, facilitating the entry of harmful factors into the CNS. In addition, H. pylori has been found to induce gastroparesis, resulting in a prolonged transit time for levodopa to reach the small intestine. H. pylori may exploit levodopa to facilitate its own growth and proliferation, or it can inflict damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, leading to gastrointestinal ulcers and impeding levodopa absorption. Here, this review focused on the role of H. pylori infection in PD from etiology, pathogenesis to levodopa bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Rong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Huang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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32
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Xia H, Zhu J, Zheng Z, Xiao P, Yu X, Wu M, Xue L, Xu X, Wang X, Guo Y, Zheng C, Ding S, Wang Y, Peng X, Fu S, Li J, Deng X. Amino acids and their roles in tumor immunotherapy of breast cancer. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3647. [PMID: 38084655 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. The primary treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapy. The effectiveness of breast cancer therapy varies depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, as well as individual factors. Advances in early detection and improved treatments have significantly increased survival rates for breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, specific subtypes of breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer, still lack effective treatment strategies. Thus, novel and effective therapeutic targets for breast cancer need to be explored. As substrates of protein synthesis, amino acids are important sources of energy and nutrition, only secondly to glucose. The rich supply of amino acids enables the tumor to maintain its proliferative competence through participation in energy generation, nucleoside synthesis and maintenance of cellular redox balance. Amino acids also play an important role in immune-suppressive microenvironment formation. Thus, the biological effects of amino acids may change unexpectedly in tumor-specific or oncogene-dependent manners. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of amino acid metabolism, particularly in their potential application as therapeutic targets in breast cancer. In this review, we provide an update on amino acid metabolism and discuss the therapeutic implications of amino acids in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuomeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoning Peng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Malinowski D, Piotrowska K, Droździk M, Pawlik A. Solute Carrier Transporters in Synovial Membrane and Hoffa's Pad of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0014. [PMID: 38932672 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease that leads to joint destruction. A number of immune cells that affect joint tissues are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. This leads to the synthesis of many pro-inflammatory mediators. The transport of drugs, as well as many cytokines involved in the development of inflammation in RA patients, is mediated by membrane transporters. Membrane transporters are proteins that mediate the transfer of substrates across biological membranes. But to date there are no studies examining the expression of solute carrier (SLC) transporters in joint tissues. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of individual SLC family transporters in the synovial membranes (SMs) and infrapatellar fat pad (Hoffa's pad) of RA patients. The study included 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 20 with osteoarthritis as the control group who were undergoing joint replacement surgery as a normal part of clinical care. In the SM and Hoffa's pad of RA patients the following 17 membrane transporters were defined at relevant expression levels for SLC transporter superfamily: SLC15A2, SLC16A3, SLC19A1, SLC2A9, SLC22A1, SLC22A3, SLC22A4, SLC22A5, SLC22A18, SLC33A1, SLC47A1, SLC51A, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC01C1, SLC02B1, SLC04A1. The confirmed expression of these transporters in the SMs as well as Hoffa's pad of patients with RA and OA, and the differences in their expression between these groups, suggests the involvement of SLC transporters in both the maintenance of homeostasis under physiological conditions in the tissues of the joints, as well as in the inflammatory process in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Marek Droździk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Zaugg J, Albrecht C. Assessment of Placental Sodium-Independent Leucine Uptake and Transfer in Trophoblast Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2728:105-121. [PMID: 38019395 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3495-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The placenta maintains the balance between nutrition and growth control of the fetus through selective and regulated supply of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and critical micronutrients. Perturbations in the balanced supply of nutrients as found in gestational diseases and altered fetal development have been associated with changes in amino acid transport proteins, such as the System L amino acid heterodimeric exchangers LAT1/SLC7A5 and LAT2/SLC7A8. Syncytiotrophoblasts (STB) form the crucial cell layer at the placental barrier coordinating the transfer of essential amino acids such as leucine from the maternal to the fetal circulation. The System L-mediated leucine transport across the placental barrier is a Na+-independent process against a counter-directed gradient, maintained by a tightly regulated interplay between accumulative transporters, exchangers, and facilitators.The two methods described here allow to standardize and characterize the uptake kinetics of leucine in conventionally cultured BeWo cells and the transfer of leucine across the placental cell barrier using a BeWo monolayer in the Transwell® system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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35
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Galluccio M, Mazza T, Scalise M, Tripicchio M, Scarpelli M, Tolomeo M, Pochini L, Indiveri C. Over-Production of the Human SLC7A10 in E. coli and Functional Assay in Proteoliposomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:536. [PMID: 38203703 PMCID: PMC10779382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human SLC7A10 transporter, also known as ASC-1, catalyzes the transport of some neutral amino acids. It is expressed in astrocytes, neurons, and adipose tissues, playing roles in learning, memory processes, and lipid metabolism, thus being involved in neurological and metabolic pathologies. Structure/function studies on this transporter are still in their infancy. In this study, we present a methodology for producing the recombinant human transporter in E. coli. Its transport function was assayed in proteoliposomes following the uptake of radiolabeled L-serine. After the testing of several growth conditions, the hASC-1 transporter was successfully expressed in BL21(DE3) codon plus RIL in the presence of 0.5% glucose and induced with 0.05 mM IPTG. After solubilization with C12E8 and cholesteryl hemisuccinate and purification by Ni-chelating chromatography, hASC-1 was reconstituted in proteoliposomes. In this experimental system it was able to catalyze an Na+-independent homologous antiport of L-serine. A Km for L-serine transport of 0.24 mM was measured. The experimental model developed in this work represents a reproducible system for the transport assay of hASC-1 in the absence of interferences. This tool will be useful to unveil unknown transport properties of hASC-1 and for testing ligands with possible application in human pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Galluccio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (T.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Tiziano Mazza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (T.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (T.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Martina Tripicchio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (T.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Martina Scarpelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (T.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Tolomeo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (T.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (T.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (L.P.)
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (T.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (L.P.)
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Misawa N, Honda S. Increased sodium fluorescein transport by corticosteroids is inhibited by a LAT-1 specific inhibitor in retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22981. [PMID: 38151501 PMCID: PMC10752866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether aldosterone (ALD) and hydrocortisone (HC) change the gene expression of SLC7A5, which encodes the large neutral amino acid transporter small subunit 1 (LAT1), and the transport activity of LAT1 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro. ARPE-19 cells were grown to confluence. After withdrawing the serum, ALD or HC was added with several doses and incubated, and SLC7A5 gene expression was measured. The influx and efflux transport of sodium fluorescein (Na-F) were evaluated using the Transwell culture system. SLC7A5 gene expression was upregulated by ALD and downregulated by HC in a dose-dependent manner. Both ALD and HC significantly increased the influx and efflux Na-F transport of RPE cells at a dose that did not change the expression of SLC7A5. JPH203, a specific inhibitor of LAT1, significantly reduced accelerated Na-F transport. Both ALD and HC increased the gene expression of zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1) although they did not change the immunoreactivity of ZO-1 in RPE cells. LAT1 may play an important role in increasing Na-F transport associated with ALD and HC administration. A specific LAT1 inhibitor may effectively regulate the increased material transport of RPE induced by ALD and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Misawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Honda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Weh KM, Tripp BA, Clarke JL, Howard CL, Sunilkumar S, Howell AB, Kresty LA. Cranberry Proanthocyanidins Mitigate Reflux-Induced Transporter Dysregulation in an Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1697. [PMID: 38139823 PMCID: PMC10747310 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that cranberry proanthocyanidins (C-PACs) inhibit esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) by 83% through reversing reflux-induced bacterial, inflammatory and immune-implicated proteins and genes as well as reducing esophageal bile acids, which drive EAC progression. This study investigated whether C-PACs' mitigation of bile reflux-induced transporter dysregulation mechanistically contributes to EAC prevention. RNA was isolated from water-, C-PAC- and reflux-exposed rat esophagi with and without C-PAC treatment. Differential gene expression was determined by means of RNA sequencing and RT-PCR, followed by protein assessments. The literature, coupled with the publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE26886, was used to assess transporter expression levels in normal and EAC patient biopsies for translational relevance. Significant changes in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters implicated in therapeutic resistance in humans (i.e., Abcb1, Abcb4, Abcc1, Abcc3, Abcc4, Abcc6 and Abcc10) and the transport of drugs, xenobiotics, lipids, and bile were altered in the reflux model with C-PACs' mitigating changes. Additionally, C-PACs restored reflux-induced changes in solute carrier (SLC), aquaporin, proton and cation transporters (i.e., Slc2a1, Slc7a11, Slc9a1, Slco2a1 and Atp6v0c). This research supports the suggestion that transporters merit investigation not only for their roles in metabolism and therapeutic resistance, but as targets for cancer prevention and targeting preventive agents in combination with chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.L.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Katherine M. Weh
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.L.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Bridget A. Tripp
- Bioinformatics Core Research Facility, Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, N300 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Clarke
- Department of Statistics and Department of Food Science Technology, Quantitative Life Sciences Initiative, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 253 Food Innovation Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Connor L. Howard
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.L.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Shruthi Sunilkumar
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.L.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Amy B. Howell
- Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA;
| | - Laura A. Kresty
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.Z.); (K.M.W.); (C.L.H.); (S.S.)
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An H, Yan C, Ma J, Gong J, Gao F, Ning C, Wang F, Zhang M, Li B, Su Y, Liu P, Wei H, Jiang X, Yu Q. Immune inhibitory receptor-mediated immune response, metabolic adaptation, and clinical characterization in patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19221. [PMID: 37932287 PMCID: PMC10628246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune inhibitory receptors (IRs) play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses to various respiratory viral infections. However, in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the roles of these IRs in immune modulation, metabolic reprogramming, and clinical characterization remain to be determined. Through consensus clustering analysis of IR transcription in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19, we identified two distinct IR patterns in patients with COVID-19, which were named IR_cluster1 and IR_cluster2. Compared to IR_cluster1 patients, IR_cluster2 patients with lower expressions of immune inhibitory receptors presented with a suppressed immune response, lower nutrient metabolism, and worse clinical manifestations or prognosis. Considering the critical influence of the integrated regulation of multiple IRs on disease severity, we established a scoring system named IRscore, which was based on principal component analysis, to evaluate the combined effect of multiple IRs on the disease status of individual patients with COVID-19. Similar to IR_cluster2 patients, patients with high IRscores had longer hospital-free days at day 45, required ICU admission and mechanical ventilatory support, and presented higher Charlson comorbidity index and SOFA scores. A high IRscore was also linked to acute infection phase and absence of drug intervention. Our investigation comprehensively elucidates the potential role of IR patterns in regulating the immune response, modulating metabolic processes, and shaping clinical manifestations of COVID-19. All of this evidence suggests the essential role of prognostic stratification and biomarker screening based on IR patterns in the clinical management and drug development of future emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying An
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congrui Yan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayuan Gong
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Gao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changwen Ning
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army Lanzhou General Hospital Anning Branch, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Li
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqi Su
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqi Wei
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwei Jiang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qun Yu
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Negrey JD, Frye BM, Johnson CSC, Kim J, Barcus RA, Lockhart SN, Whitlow CT, Sutphen C, Chiou KL, Snyder-Mackler N, Montine TJ, Craft S, Shively CA, Register TC. Mediterranean Diet Protects Against a Neuroinflammatory Cortical Transcriptome: Associations with Brain Volumetrics, Peripheral Inflammation, Social Isolation and Anxiety. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565068. [PMID: 37961556 PMCID: PMC10635044 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mediterranean diets may be neuroprotective and prevent cognitive decline relative to Western diets, however the underlying biology is poorly understood. METHODS We assessed the effects of Western vs. Mediterranean-like diets on RNAseq generated transcriptional profiles in temporal cortex and their relationships with changes in MRI neuroimaging phenotypes, circulating monocyte gene expression, and observations of social isolation and anxiety in 38 socially-housed, middle-aged female cynomolgus macaques. RESULTS Diet resulted in differential expression of seven transcripts (FDR<0.05). Cyclin dependent kinase 14 ( CDK14 ), a proinflammatory regulator, was lower in the Mediterranean group. The remaining six transcripts [i.e., "lunatic fringe" ( LFNG ), mannose receptor C type 2 ( MRC2 ), solute carrier family 3 member 2 ( SLCA32 ), butyrophilin subfamily 2 member A1 ( BTN2A1 ), katanin regulatory subunit B1 ( KATNB1 ), and transmembrane protein 268 ( TMEM268 )] were higher in cortex of the Mediterranean group and generally associated with anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective pathways. KATNB1 encodes a subcomponent of katanin, important in maintaining microtubule homeostasis. BTN2A1 is involved in immunomodulation of γδ T-cells which have anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. CDK14 , LFNG , MRC2, and SLCA32 are associated with inflammatory pathways. The latter four differentially expressed cortex transcripts were associated with monocyte transcript levels, changes in AD-relevant brain volumes determined by MRI over the course of the study, and social isolation and anxiety. CDK14 was positively correlated with monocyte inflammatory transcripts, changes in total brain, gray matter, cortical gray matter volumes, and time alone and anxious behavior, and negatively correlated with changes in total white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes. In contrast, LFNG , MRC2 , and SLCA32 were negatively correlated with monocyte inflammatory transcripts and changes in total gray matter volume, and positively correlated with CSF volume changes, and SLCA32 was negatively correlated with time alone. DISCUSSION Collectively, our results suggest that relative to Western diets, Mediterranean diets confer protection against peripheral and central inflammation which is reflected in preserved brain structure and behavior.
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Duan X, Liu C, Gong X, Yang Y, Jiao H, Lin Y, Hou X. mTORC2-AKT-LAT1 signalling participates in methionine-induced β-CASEIN expression in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1320-1327. [PMID: 36961053 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)-protein kinase B (AKT) signalling in methionine (Met)-induced L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression and milk protein production. Primary mammary epithelial cells (MECs) from mammary parenchymal tissues of three lactating cows and MAC-T bovine MECs were cultured with or without 0.6 mM Met. Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) siRNA, the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin and the AKT activator SC79 were used to evaluate the effects of mTORC2-AKT signalling on Met-induced LAT1 expression and function. Each experiment was performed three times. Data were analysed with a two-sided unpaired t test or ANOVA with the Bonferroni multiple-comparison test. Western blotting showed that Met stimulation increased RICTOR expression (~244.67%; p < 0.05; control, 0.15 ± 0.026; Met, 0.517 ± 0.109) and AKT-S473 levels (~281.42%; p < 0.01; control, 0.253 ± 0.067; Met, 0.965 ± 0.019) in both primary MECs and MAC-T cells. Rapamycin-induced mTORC1 signalling inhibition decreased only Met-induced β-CASEIN expression by ~21.24% (p < 0.01; Met, 0.777 ± 0.01; Met and rapamycin, 0.612 ± 0.04) and did not affect Met-stimulated AKT-S473 levels, suggesting that mTORC2-AKT activation upon Met stimulation also contributes to milk protein synthesis. LAT1 participates in Met-induced β-CASEIN expression. In dairy cow MECs, mTORC2 inhibition by RICTOR siRNA decreased LAT1 levels on the plasma membrane by ~45.13% (p < 0.01; control, 0.359 ± 0.006; siRICTOR, 0.197 ± 0.004). However, SC79-induced AKT activation had the opposite effect (p < 0.01). In primary MECs and MAC-T cells, Met stimulation increased cytosolic and plasma membrane LAT1 expression respectively (MECs, 113.98% and 58.43%; MAC-T, 165.85% and 396.39%; p < 0.05). However, RICTOR siRNA significantly reduced Met-induced plasma membrane LAT1 expression (~76.48%; Met, 0.539 ± 0.05; Met and siRICTOR, 0.127 ± 0.012; p < 0.05). Thus, Met increased LAT1 expression and function via mTORC2-AKT signalling, upregulating milk protein synthesis in dairy cow MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Food Science College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Food Science College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Drehmann P, Milanos S, Schaefer N, Kasaragod VB, Herterich S, Holzbach-Eberle U, Harvey RJ, Villmann C. Dual Role of Dysfunctional Asc-1 Transporter in Distinct Human Pathologies, Human Startle Disease, and Developmental Delay. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0263-23.2023. [PMID: 37903619 PMCID: PMC10668224 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0263-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human startle disease is associated with mutations in distinct genes encoding glycine receptors, transporters or interacting proteins at glycinergic synapses in spinal cord and brainstem. However, a significant number of diagnosed patients does not carry a mutation in the common genes GLRA1, GLRB, and SLC6A5 Recently, studies on solute carrier 7 subfamily 10 (SLC7A10; Asc-1, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter) knock-out (KO) mice displaying a startle disease-like phenotype hypothesized that this transporter might represent a novel candidate for human startle disease. Here, we screened 51 patients from our patient cohort negative for the common genes and found three exonic (one missense, two synonymous), seven intronic, and single nucleotide changes in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) in Asc-1. The identified missense mutation Asc-1G307R from a patient with startle disease and developmental delay was investigated in functional studies. At the molecular level, the mutation Asc-1G307R did not interfere with cell-surface expression, but disrupted glycine uptake. Substitution of glycine at position 307 to other amino acids, e.g., to alanine or tryptophan did not affect trafficking or glycine transport. By contrast, G307K disrupted glycine transport similar to the G307R mutation found in the patient. Structurally, the disrupted function in variants carrying positively charged residues can be explained by local structural rearrangements because of the large positively charged side chain. Thus, our data suggest that SLC7A10 may represent a rare but novel gene associated with human startle disease and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Drehmann
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sinem Milanos
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natascha Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vikram Babu Kasaragod
- Neurobiology Division, Medical Reserach Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Herterich
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzbach-Eberle
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Neurology, Social Pediatrics and Epileptology, University Hospital Gießen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert J Harvey
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4558, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Kahlhofer J, Teis D. The human LAT1-4F2hc (SLC7A5-SLC3A2) transporter complex: Physiological and pathophysiological implications. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:459-472. [PMID: 36460306 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
LAT1 and 4F2hc form a heterodimeric membrane protein complex, which functions as one of the best characterized amino acid transporters. Since LAT1-4F2hc is required for the efficient uptake of essential amino acids and hormones, it promotes cellular growth, in part, by stimulating mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) signalling and by repressing the integrated stress response (ISR). Gain or loss of LAT1-4F2hc function is associated with cancer, diabetes, and immunological and neurological diseases. Hence, LAT1-4F2hc represents an attractive drug target for disease treatment. Specific targeting of LAT1-4F2hc will be facilitated by the increasingly detailed understanding of its molecular architecture, which provides important concepts for its function and regulation. Here, we summarize (i) structural insights that help to explain how LAT1 and 4F2hc assemble to transport amino acids across membranes, (ii) the role of LAT1-4F2hc in key metabolic signalling pathways, and (iii) how derailing these processes could contribute to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kahlhofer
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Teis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Shao L, Wang W, Gong X, Yu Y, Xue J, Zeng X, Liu J. The Toxicity Differences of Fluralaner against the Red Imported Fire Ant ( Solenopsis invicta) at Different Developmental Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15627. [PMID: 37958611 PMCID: PMC10649654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta, is an invasive pest that causes damage to agricultural and ecological environments worldwide. Fluralaner is a new isoxazoline pesticide with the potential to become a control agent against RIFA. However, it is not clear whether S. invicta responds the same way to fluralaner at different reproductive stages. The present study firstly evaluated the toxicity of fluralaner to S. invicta at different developmental stages, finding that fourth instar larvae (LD50, 1744.23 mg/kg) and worker ants (LD50, 8.62 mg/kg) were differently susceptible to fluralaner, while the mortality rate of fourth instar larvae was significantly lower at the same concentration of 10 mg/L (5.56 ± 3.14%) than that of worker ants (62.22 ± 3.14%), demonstrating a greater tolerance to fluralaner. Subsequently, the metabolic responses of worker and larval ants to fluralaner stress (10 mg/L) were investigated using non-targeted metabolomics, which indicated that the amount of differential metabolites and the KEGG metabolic pathways enriched were different between workers and larvae when exposed to the same dose (10 mg/L) of fluralaner. Differential metabolites of larvae and worker ants under fluralaner stress were mainly concentrated in organic acids and their derivatives, lipids and lipid-like molecules, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues, combined with the enriched metabolic pathways, revealed that the differential metabolic responses of larvae and worker ants were mainly in energy metabolism, detoxification metabolism, and neurotransmitter ligands. Workers consumed more substrates in the arginine synthesis pathway (l-glutamic acid, l-aspartic acid, and fumaric acid) to provide energy for the detoxification (glutathione) of pesticides when exposed to fluralaner stress, and the high accumulation of l-aspartic acid induced excitotoxicity in the worker ants. Larval ants consumed more arachidonic acid to synthesize PG D2, and changes in the metabolism of antioxidants such as catechins, hesperidin, and l-ascorbic acid suggested that larvae were more capable of scavenging the ROS response than worker ants. The results of non-targeted metabolomics successfully revealed differences in the sensitivity of larvae and workers to fluralaner agents, providing insights into the fluralaner control of Solenopsis invicta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiali Liu
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.S.); (W.W.); (X.G.); (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (X.Z.)
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Tae K, Kim SJ, Cho SW, Lee H, Cha HS, Choi CY. L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) Promotes PMA-Induced Cell Migration through mTORC2 Activation at the Lysosome. Cells 2023; 12:2504. [PMID: 37887348 PMCID: PMC10605051 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway integrates signaling inputs from nutrients, including glucose and amino acids, which are precisely regulated by transporters depending on nutrient levels. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) affects the activity of mTORC1 through upstream regulators that sense intracellular amino acid levels. While mTORC1 activation by LAT1 has been thoroughly investigated in cultured cells, the effects of LAT1 expression on the activity of mTORC2 has scarcely been studied. Here, we provide evidence that LAT1 recruits and activates mTORC2 on the lysosome for PMA-induced cell migration. LAT1 is translocated to the lysosomes in cells treated with PMA in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Lysosomal LAT1 interacted with mTORC2 through a direct interaction with Rictor, leading to the lysosomal localization of mTORC2. Furthermore, the depletion of LAT1 reduced PMA-induced cell migration in a wound-healing assay. Consistent with these results, the LAT1 N3KR mutant, which is defective in PMA-induced endocytosis and lysosomal localization, did not induce mTORC2 recruitment to the lysosome, with the activation of mTORC2 determined via Akt phosphorylation or the LAT1-mediated promotion of cell migration. Taken together, lysosomal LAT1 recruits and activates the mTORC2 complex and downstream Akt for PMA-mediated cell migration. These results provide insights into the development of therapeutic drugs targeting the LAT1 amino acid transporter to block metastasis, as well as disease progression in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cheol-Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (K.T.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-W.C.); (H.L.); (H.-S.C.)
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Scanga R, Scalise M, Marino N, Parisi F, Barca D, Galluccio M, Brunocilla C, Console L, Indiveri C. LAT1 (SLC7A5) catalyzes copper(histidinate) transport switching from antiport to uniport mechanism. iScience 2023; 26:107738. [PMID: 37692288 PMCID: PMC10492218 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
LAT1 (SLC7A5) is one of the most studied membrane transporters due to its relevance to physiology in supplying essential amino acids to brain and fetus, and to pathology being linked to nervous or embryo alterations; moreover, LAT1 over-expression is always associated with cancer development. Thus, LAT1 is exploited as a pro-drug vehicle and as a target for anti-cancer therapy. We here report the identification of a new substrate with pathophysiological implications, i.e., Cu-histidinate, and an unconventional uniport mechanism exploited for the Cu-histidinate transport. Crystals of the monomeric species Cu(His)2 were obtained in our experimental conditions and the actual transport of the complex was evaluated by a combined strategy of bioinformatics, site-directed mutagenesis, radiolabeled transport, and mass spectrometry analysis. The LAT1-mediated transport of Cu(His)2 may have profound implications for both the treatment of copper dysmetabolism diseases, such as the rare Menkes disease, and of cancer as an alternative to platinum-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Scanga
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nadia Marino
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Parisi
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Donatella Barca
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Chiara Brunocilla
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
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Rega LR, Janssens V, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK, Cairoli S, Goffredo BM, Nevo N, Courtoy GE, Jouret F, Antignac C, Emma F, Pierreux CE, Courtoy PJ. Dietary supplementation of cystinotic mice by lysine inhibits the megalin pathway and decreases kidney cystine content. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17276. [PMID: 37828038 PMCID: PMC10570359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Megalin/LRP2 is a major receptor supporting apical endocytosis in kidney proximal tubular cells. We have previously reported that kidney-specific perinatal ablation of the megalin gene in cystinotic mice, a model of nephropathic cystinosis, essentially blocks renal cystine accumulation and partially preserves kidney tissue integrity. Here, we examined whether inhibition of the megalin pathway in adult cystinotic mice by dietary supplementation (5x-fold vs control regular diet) with the dibasic amino-acids (dAAs), lysine or arginine, both of which are used to treat patients with other rare metabolic disorders, could also decrease renal cystine accumulation and protect cystinotic kidneys. Using surface plasmon resonance, we first showed that both dAAs compete for protein ligand binding to immobilized megalin in a concentration-dependent manner, with identical inhibition curves by L- and D-stereoisomers. In cystinotic mice, 2-month diets with 5x-L-lysine and 5x-L-arginine were overall well tolerated, while 5x-D-lysine induced strong polyuria but no weight loss. All diets induced a marked increase of dAA urinary excretion, most prominent under 5x-D-lysine, without sign of kidney insufficiency. Renal cystine accumulation was slowed down approx. twofold by L-dAAs, and totally suppressed by D-lysine. We conclude that prolonged dietary manipulation of the megalin pathway in kidneys is feasible, tolerable and can be effective in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Rega
- Nephrology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - V Janssens
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J H Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S K Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Cairoli
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - B M Goffredo
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - N Nevo
- Laboratoire des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires, Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - G E Courtoy
- Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Antignac
- Laboratoire des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires, Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - F Emma
- Nephrology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C E Pierreux
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - P J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
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Shakeri F, Mohamadynejad P, Moghanibashi M. Identification of autophagy and angiogenesis modulators in colorectal cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:340-355. [PMID: 37791824 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2259431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to discover novel molecular pathways and potential prognosis biomarkers. To achieve this, we acquired five microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified differentially expressed genes between CRC and adjacent normal tissue samples and further validated them using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using various analytical approaches, including the construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, as well as survival analysis, we identified key genes and pathways associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. We obtained a total of 185 differentially expressed genes, comprising 17 lncRNAs, 30 miRNAs, and 138 mRNAs. The ceRNA network consisted of 17 lncRNAs, 25 miRNAs, and 7 mRNAs. Among the 7 mRNAs involved in the ceRNA network, SLC7A5 and KRT80 were found to be upregulated, while ADIPOQ, CCBE1, KCNB1, CADM2, and CHRDL1 were downregulated in CRC. Further analysis revealed that ADIPOQ and SLC7A5 are involved in the AMPK and mTOR signaling pathway, respectively. In addition, survival analysis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between ADIPOQ, SLC7A5, and overall survival rates in CRC patients. In conclusion, our findings suggest that downregulation of ADIPOQ and upregulation of SLC7A5 in tumor cells lead to increased mTORC1 activity, reduced autophagy, enhanced angiogenesis, and ultimately contribute to cancer progression and decreased survival in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Shakeri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moghanibashi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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You S, Han X, Xu Y, Yao Q. Research progress on the role of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family members in malignant tumors and immune microenvironment. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1213-1222. [PMID: 37572157 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for the survival of all living organisms and living cells. Amino acid transporters mediate the transport and absorption of amino acids, and the dysfunction of these proteins can induce human diseases. Cationic amino acid transporters (CAT family, SLC7A1-4, and SLC7A14) are considered to be a group of transmembrane transporters, of which SLC7A1-3 are essential for arginine transport in mammals. Numerous studies have shown that CAT family-mediated arginine transport is involved in signal crosstalk between malignant tumor cells and immune cells, especially T cells. The modulation of extracellular arginine concentration has entered a number of clinical trials and achieved certain therapeutic effects. Here, we review the role of CAT family on tumor cells and immune infiltrating cells in malignant tumors and explore the therapeutic strategies to interfere with extracellular arginine concentration, to elaborate its application prospects. CAT family members may be used as biomarkers for certain cancer entities and might be included in new ideas for immunotherapy of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiahui Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yuance Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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Xia P, Dubrovska A. CD98 heavy chain as a prognostic biomarker and target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1251100. [PMID: 37823053 PMCID: PMC10562705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1251100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLC3A2 gene encodes for a cell-surface transmembrane protein CD98hc (4F2). CD98hc serves as a chaperone for LAT1 (SLC7A5), LAT2 (SLC7A8), y+LAT1 (SLC7A7), y+LAT2 (SLC7A6), xCT (SLC7A11) and Asc1 (SLC7A10) providing their recruitment to the plasma membrane. Together with the light subunits, it constitutes heterodimeric transmembrane amino acid transporters. CD98hc interacts with other surface molecules, such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147 (EMMPRIN) and adhesion receptors integrins, and regulates glucose uptake. In this way, CD98hc connects the signaling pathways sustaining cell proliferation and migration, biosynthesis and antioxidant defense, energy production, and stem cell properties. This multifaceted role makes CD98hc one of the critical regulators of tumor growth, therapy resistance, and metastases. Indeed, the high expression levels of CD98hc were confirmed in various tumor tissues, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, colon adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and others. A high expression of CD98hc has been linked to clinical prognosis and response to chemo- and radiotherapy in several types of cancer. In this mini-review, we discuss the physiological functions of CD98hc, its role in regulating tumor stemness, metastases, and therapy resistance, and the clinical significance of CD98hc as a tumor marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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50
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Goo D, Choi J, Ko H, Choppa VSR, Liu G, Lillehoj HS, Kim WK. Effects of Eimeria maxima infection doses on growth performance and gut health in dual-infection model of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1269398. [PMID: 37799512 PMCID: PMC10547889 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1269398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the different doses of Eimeria maxima (EM) oocysts on growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens challenged with a dual infection model of necrotic enteritis (NE) using EM and NetB+ Clostridium perfringens (CP). A total of 432 fourteen-d-old male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates each. The six different groups were as follows: Control, non-challenged; T0+, challenged with CP at 1 × 109 colony forming unit; T5K+, T0+ + 5,000 EM oocysts; T10K+, T0+ + 10,000 EM oocysts; T20K+; T0+ + 20,000 EM oocysts; and T40K+; T0+ + 40,000 EM oocysts. The challenge groups were orally inoculated with EM strain 41A on d 14, followed by NetB+ CP strain Del-1 on 4 days post inoculation (dpi). Increasing EM oocysts decreased d 21 body weight, body weight gain, feed intake (linear and quadratic, p < 0.001), and feed efficiency (linear, p < 0.001) from 0 to 7 dpi. Increasing EM oocysts increased jejunal NE lesion score and intestinal permeability on 5, 6, and 7 dpi (linear, p < 0.05). On 7 dpi, increasing the infection doses of EM oocysts increased jejunal CP colony counts (linear, p < 0.05) and increased fecal EM oocyst output (linear and quadratic, p < 0.001). Furthermore, increasing the infection doses of EM oocysts decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratios and the goblet cell counts (linear, p < 0.05) on 6 dpi. Increasing EM oocysts downregulated the expression of MUC2, B0AT, B0,+AT, PepT1, GLUT2, AvBD3 and 9, LEAP2, and TLR4, while upregulating CLDN1, CATHL3, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNFSF15, TNF-α, IL-10, and Gam56 and 82 on 6 dpi (linear, p < 0.05). Additionally, increasing EM oocysts decreased Pielou's evenness and Shannon's entropy (linear, p < 0.01). In conclusion, increasing the infection doses of EM significantly aggravated the severity of NE and exerted negative impact on intestinal health from 5 to 7 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Goo
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hanseo Ko
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Guanchen Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hyun Soon Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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