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Liu C, Li J, Xu F, Chen L, Ni M, Wu J, Zhao H, Wu Y, Li J, Wu X, Chen X. PARP1-DOT1L transcription axis drives acquired resistance to PARP inhibitor in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:111. [PMID: 38778348 PMCID: PMC11110363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) resistance poses a significant challenge in ovarian carcinoma (OC). While the role of DOT1L in cancer and chemoresistance is acknowledged, its specific role in PARPi resistance remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of DOT1L in PARPi resistance in OC patients. METHODS This study analyzed the expression of DOT1L in PARPi-resistant cell lines compared to sensitive ones and correlated it with clinical outcomes in OC patients. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were conducted using cellular and mouse models. Molecular investigations, including RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assays, were employed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of DOT1L-mediated PARPi resistance. RESULTS Our investigation revealed a robust correlation between DOT1L expression and clinical PARPi resistance in non-BRCA mutated OC cells. Upregulated DOT1L expression in PARPi-resistant tissues was associated with diminished survival in OC patients. Mechanistically, we identified that PARP1 directly binds to the DOT1L gene promoter, promoting transcription independently of its enzyme activity. PARP1 trapping induced by PARPi treatment amplified this binding, enhancing DOT1L transcription and contributing to drug resistance. Sequencing analysis revealed that DOT1L plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of PLCG2 and ABCB1 via H3K79me2. This established the PARP1-DOT1L-PLCG2/ABCB1 axis as a key contributor to PARPi resistance. Furthermore, we discovered that combining a DOT1L inhibitor with PARPi demonstrated a synergistic effect in both cell line-derived xenograft mouse models (CDXs) and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that DOT1L is an independent prognostic marker for OC patients. The PARP1-DOT1L/H3K79me2-PLCG2/ABCB1 axis is identified as a pivotal contributor to PARPi resistance. Targeted inhibition of DOT1L emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing PARPi treatment outcomes in OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdong Ni
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangchun Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangjun Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Du P, Long Y, Wang M, Huang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Lin Y, Wu J, Shen J, Jia Y. Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of a new PARP inhibitor fuzuloparib capsules in healthy volunteers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00280-024-04672-6. [PMID: 38703321 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed effect of food on pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of fuzuloparib capsules. METHODS A randomized, open-label, two-cycle, two-sequence, crossover clinical trial was conducted. 20 subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups at a 1:1 ratio. The first group subjects were orally administered 150 mg fuzuloparib capsules under fasting condition in first dosing cycle. The same dose of fuzuloparib capsules were taken under postprandial state after a 7-day washout period. The second group was reversed. 3 ml whole blood was collected at each blood collection point until 72 h post dose. PK parameters were calculated. Furthermore, safety assessment was performed. RESULTS The time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was prolonged to 3 h and maximum concentration (Cmax) decreased by 18.6% on high-fat diets. 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for Cmax, area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time t (AUC0-t), and area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞) after high-fat meal were 71.6-92.6%, 81.7-102.7% and 81.6-102.5%, respectively. All treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were grade 1; No serious adverse events (SAEs), serious unexpected suspected adverse reaction (SUSAR) or deaths were reported. CONCLUSION Food decreased the absorption rate and slowed time to peak exposure of fuzuloparib capsules, without impact on absorption extent. Dosing with food was found to be safe for fuzuloparib capsules in this study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with chinadrugtrials.org.cn (identifier: CTR20221498).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Long
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhui Wang
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhe Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanwei Jia
- Anhui Provincial Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Bamgbose G, Bordet G, Lodhi N, Tulin A. Mono-methylated histones control PARP-1 in chromatin and transcription. eLife 2024; 13:RP91482. [PMID: 38690995 PMCID: PMC11062633 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 is central to transcriptional regulation under both normal and stress conditions, with the governing mechanisms yet to be fully understood. Our biochemical and ChIP-seq-based analyses showed that PARP-1 binds specifically to active histone marks, particularly H4K20me1. We found that H4K20me1 plays a critical role in facilitating PARP-1 binding and the regulation of PARP-1-dependent loci during both development and heat shock stress. Here, we report that the sole H4K20 mono-methylase, pr-set7, and parp-1 Drosophila mutants undergo developmental arrest. RNA-seq analysis showed an absolute correlation between PR-SET7- and PARP-1-dependent loci expression, confirming co-regulation during developmental phases. PARP-1 and PR-SET7 are both essential for activating hsp70 and other heat shock genes during heat stress, with a notable increase of H4K20me1 at their gene body. Mutating pr-set7 disrupts monomethylation of H4K20 along heat shock loci and abolish PARP-1 binding there. These data strongly suggest that H4 monomethylation is a key triggering point in PARP-1 dependent processes in chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbolahan Bamgbose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North DakotaGrand ForksUnited States
| | - Guillaume Bordet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North DakotaGrand ForksUnited States
| | - Niraj Lodhi
- Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Alexei Tulin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North DakotaGrand ForksUnited States
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Bamgbose G, Johnson S, Tulin A. Cooperative targeting of PARP-1 domains to regulate metabolic and developmental genes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1152570. [PMID: 37347109 PMCID: PMC10281051 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1152570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP-1, also known as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, is a multifunctional nuclear enzyme that plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation through its three functional domains: the N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) containing two zinc fingers for DNA binding and a third zinc finger for maintaining interdomain contacts, the auto modification domain (AD), and the C-terminal domain, which includes the protein-interacting WGR domain and the catalytic domain. Despite the critical role that PARP-1 plays in regulating gene expression, the mechanisms by which it is targeted to chromatin are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to understand the targeting of PARP-1 to chromatin using ChIP-seq of YFP-tagged deletional isoforms of PARP-1 (ZnI, ZnII, AD-WGR) and a construct that lacks only ZnI (ΔZnI). Our results indicate that other PARP-1 domains are sufficient to target PARP-1 to active genes in the absence of ZnI. Furthermore, we found that PARP-1 represses metabolic gene pathways and activates developmental gene pathways. The results of ChIP-seq analysis showed that PARP-1 and ΔZnI were preferentially bound to the gene bodies of PARP-1-regulated metabolic genes compared to developmental genes. PARP-1 domains (ZnI, ZnII and AD-WGR) also preferentially occupied the gene bodies of PARP-1-regulated metabolic genes, however, they were more enriched at the TSS of PARP-1-regulated developmental genes compared to metabolic genes. Thus, we propose that PARP-1 domains cooperatively target PARP-1 to PARP-1-regulated genes to coordinate metabolic and developmental gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexei Tulin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, , United States
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Bianchi AR, La Pietra A, Guerretti V, De Maio A, Capriello T, Ferrandino I. Synthesis and Degradation of Poly(ADP-ribose) in Zebrafish Brain Exposed to Aluminum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108766. [PMID: 37240112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADPribosyl)ation is a post-translational protein modification, catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs) enzymes, responsible for ADP-ribose polymer synthesis (PAR) from NAD+. PAR turnover is assured by poly(ADPR) glycohydrolase (PARGs) enzymes. In our previous study, the altered histology of zebrafish brain tissue, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration also with poly(ADPribosyl)ation hyperactivation, was demonstrated after aluminum (Al) exposure for 10 and 15 days. On the basis of this evidence, the aim of the present research was to study the synthesis and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) in the brain of adult zebrafish exposed to 11 mg/L of Al for 10, 15, and 20 days. For this reason, PARP and PARG expression analyses were carried out, and ADPR polymers were synthesized and digested. The data showed the presence of different PARP isoforms, among which a human PARP1 counterpart was also expressed. Moreover, the highest PARP and PARG activity levels, responsible for the PAR production and its degradation, respectively, were measured after 10 and 15 days of exposure. We suppose that PARP activation is related to DNA damage induced by Al, while PARG activation is needed to avoid PAR accumulation, which is known to inhibit PARP and promote parthanatos. On the contrary, PARP activity decrease at longer exposure times suggests that neuronal cells could adopt the stratagem of reducing polymer synthesis to avoid energy expenditure and allow cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra La Pietra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Guerretti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Bordet G, Bamgbose G, Bhuiyam SH, Johnson S, Tulin AV. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Approach to Determine How PARP1 Domains Affect Binding Pattern to Chromatin. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2609:297-313. [PMID: 36515842 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2891-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of different cellular mechanisms, ranging from DNA repair to regulation of gene expression. The different PARP1 domains have been shown to influence PARP1 binding pattern to chromatin. However, which loci bound by PARP1 are affected in the absence of a specific domain is not known. To determine the binding pattern of the different PARP1 domains, we used a ChIP-seq approach on different GFP-tagged versions of PARP1. Here, we described how to perform and analyze ChIP-seq performed with a GFP antibody in Drosophila melanogaster third instar larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bordet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| | - Gbolahan Bamgbose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Sayem H Bhuiyam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Alexei V Tulin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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7
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PARP inhibitors in small cell lung cancer: The underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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8
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Sun X, Zhang J, Cao C. CTCF and Its Partners: Shaper of 3D Genome during Development. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081383. [PMID: 36011294 PMCID: PMC9407368 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D genome organization and its dynamic modulate genome function, playing a pivotal role in cell differentiation and development. CTCF and cohesin, acting as the core architectural components involved in chromatin looping and genome folding, can also recruit other protein or RNA partners to fine-tune genome structure during development. Moreover, systematic screening for partners of CTCF has been performed through high-throughput approaches. In particular, several novel protein and RNA partners, such as BHLHE40, WIZ, MAZ, Aire, MyoD, YY1, ZNF143, and Jpx, have been identified, and these partners are mostly implicated in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling, offering a unique opportunity for dissecting their roles in higher-order chromatin organization by collaborating with CTCF and cohesin. Here, we review the latest advancements with an emphasis on features of CTCF partners and also discuss the specific functions of CTCF-associated complexes in chromatin structure modulation, which may extend our understanding of the functions of higher-order chromatin architecture in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Sun
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Center for Reproductive Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Center for Reproductive Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Center for Reproductive Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510320, China
- Correspondence:
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Human PARP1 Facilitates Transcription through a Nucleosome and Histone Displacement by Pol II In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137107. [PMID: 35806109 PMCID: PMC9266421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a global regulator of various cellular processes, from DNA repair to gene expression. The underlying mechanism of PARP1 action during transcription remains unclear. Herein, we have studied the role of human PARP1 during transcription through nucleosomes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in vitro. PARP1 strongly facilitates transcription through mononucleosomes by Pol II and displacement of core histones in the presence of NAD+ during transcription, and its NAD+-dependent catalytic activity is essential for this process. Kinetic analysis suggests that PARP1 facilitates formation of “open” complexes containing nucleosomal DNA partially uncoiled from the octamer and allowing Pol II progression along nucleosomal DNA. Anti-cancer drug and PARP1 catalytic inhibitor olaparib strongly represses PARP1-dependent transcription. The data suggest that the negative charge on protein(s) poly(ADP)-ribosylated by PARP1 interact with positively charged DNA-binding surfaces of histones transiently exposed during transcription, facilitating transcription through chromatin and transcription-dependent histone displacement/exchange.
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Liu Y, Hua Q, Li M, Li X, Chen W, Zeng H, Diao Q, Shi C, Ling Y, Jiang Y. Circular RNA circNIPBL promotes NNK-induced DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells via the base excision repair pathway. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2049-2065. [PMID: 35435490 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposure often causes DNA damage, which leads to cellular dysfunction and the development of diseases. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a tobacco-specific carcinogen that is known to cause DNA damage, while remains unknown about the underlying mechanism. In this study, simulated doses of NNK exposure in smokers, ranging from 50 to 300 μM, were used to detect the DNA damage effects of NNK in two human bronchial epithelial cells, 16HBE and BEAS-2B. The comet assay revealed increased DNA damage in response to NNK treatment, as measured by increased Olive tail moment (OTM). NNK treatment also led to elevated foci formation and protein expression of γ-H2AX, a DNA damage sensor. Dysregulation of proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, was also observed in NNK-treated cells. Furthermore, the most effective dose of NNK (300 μM) was used in subsequent mechanistic studies. A circular RNA circNIPBL was identified to be significantly up-regulated in NNK-treated cells, circNIPBL knockdown successfully alleviated NNK-induced DNA damage and reversed the cellular dysregulation, while circNIPBL overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we identified an interaction between circNIPBL and PARP1, a critical enzyme of the base excision repair (BER) pathway. CircNIPBL silencing successfully alleviated the NNK-induced inhibition of BER pathway proteins, including PARP1, XRCC1, PCNA and FEN1, while overexpression of circNIPBL had the opposite effect. In summary, our study shows for the first time that circNIPBL promotes NNK-induced DNA damage and cellular dysfunction through the BER pathway. In addition, our findings reveal the crucial role of epigenetic regulation in carcinogen-induced genetic lesions and further our understanding of environmental carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qiuhan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Huixian Zeng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qinqin Diao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yihui Ling
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Wu X, Zhu J, Wang J, Lin Z, Yin R, Sun W, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Wang D, Shi H, Gao Y, Huang Y, Li G, Wang X, Cheng Y, Lou G, Gao Q, Wang L, Du X, Pan M, Mu X, Li L, Li M, Mu S, Kong B. Pamiparib Monotherapy for Patients with Germline BRCA1/2-Mutated Ovarian Cancer Previously Treated with at Least Two Lines of Chemotherapy: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase II Study. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:653-661. [PMID: 34844979 PMCID: PMC9377729 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phase I results of this phase I/II study showed that pamiparib 60 mg twice a day had antitumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in Chinese patients with advanced cancer, including epithelial ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label phase II study was conducted in China and enrolled adult (≥18 years) patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (PSOC; disease progression occurring ≥6 months after last platinum treatment) or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC; disease progression occurring <6 months after last platinum treatment). Eligible patients had known or suspected deleterious germline BRCA mutation (gBRCAmut) and had previously received ≥2 lines of therapy. Pamiparib 60 mg orally twice a day was administered until disease progression, toxicity, or patient withdrawal. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by independent review committee (IRC) per RECIST version 1.1. RESULTS In the total patient population (N = 113; PSOC, n = 90; PROC, n = 23), median age was 54 years (range, 34-79) and 25.6% of patients received ≥4 prior systemic chemotherapy lines. Median study follow-up was 12.2 months (range, 0.2-21.5). Eighty-two patients with PSOC and 19 patients with PROC were evaluable for efficacy. In patients with PSOC, 8 achieved a complete response (CR) and 45 achieved a partial response (PR); ORR was 64.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 53.3-74.9]. In patients with PROC, 6 achieved a PR; ORR was 31.6% (95% CI, 12.6-56.6). Frequently reported grade ≥3 adverse events were hematologic toxicities, including anemia and decreased neutrophil count. CONCLUSIONS Pamiparib 60 mg twice a day showed antitumor activity with durable responses in patients with PSOC or PROC with gBRCAmut, and had a manageable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding Author: Xiaohua Wu, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 8621-6417-5590, ext. 81006; Fax: 8621-6417-2585; E-mail:
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danbo Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunong Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiuping Du
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mei Pan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- Department of Clinical Development, BeiGene, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biostatistics, BeiGene, Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Clinical Development, BeiGene, Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Song Mu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, BeiGene USA, Inc., San Mateo, California
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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12
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Xu W, Li Y, Dong Y, Xiao L, Li L, Jiao K. Integrative RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses of phosphodiesterase 6 mutation-induced retinitis pigmentosa. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:2385-2395. [PMID: 35147831 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibition of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) could relieve phosphodiesterase 6 mutation-induced retinitis pigmentosa (RP). However, the mechanism related to PARP1 overexpression in the RP has not been clarified. We attempted to explore the potential mechanism related to PARP1 regulating RP. METHODS ATAC-seq and RNA-seq were performed for retina tissues of C3H and rd1 mice. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, followed by the construction of PARP1-DEG co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Gene ontology-biological process and pathway enrichment of DEGs were performed by clusterProfiler software. The overlapped genes that might play regulatory roles in PARP1 expression were mined by integrated analysis of RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data. RESULTS A total of 1061 DEGs were identified between C3H and rd1 group. Co-expression network was constructed with 313 PARP1-gene co-expression pairs. The down-regulated DEGs were closely related to visual perception and light stimulus-related biological process, while the up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in phototransduction and PPAR signaling pathway. PPI network was constructed with 202 nodes and 375 edges, which was clustered into 3 modules. Module 1 genes were closely related to detection of light stimulus, visual perception related biological process and phototransduction pathway (involved with Gnat1/Guca1b/Gnat2/Sag/Pde6g). By integrated analysis of the RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, the overlapped up-regulated genes were Asxl3 and Nyap2, while the down-regulated genes were Tmem136 and Susd3. CONCLUSION Gnat1 may play a key role in RP development by interacting with PARP1. Susd3 may play a regulatory role in PARP1 expression and affect RP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650024, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 650021, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Yujie Dong
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 650021, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Libo Xiao
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 650021, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Lan Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650024, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Kangwei Jiao
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 650021, Kunming, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming, 650021, China.
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13
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Wright RHG, Vastolo V, Oliete JQ, Carbonell-Caballero J, Beato M. Global signalling network analysis of luminal T47D breast cancer cells in response to progesterone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:888802. [PMID: 36034422 PMCID: PMC9403329 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.888802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer cells enter into the cell cycle following progestin exposure by the activation of signalling cascades involving a plethora of enzymes, transcription factors and co-factors that transmit the external signal from the cell membrane to chromatin, ultimately leading to a change of the gene expression program. Although many of the events within the signalling network have been described in isolation, how they globally team up to generate the final cell response is unclear. METHODS In this study we used antibody microarrays and phosphoproteomics to reveal a dynamic global signalling map that reveals new key regulated proteins and phosphor-sites and links between previously known and novel pathways. T47D breast cancer cells were used, and phospho-sites and pathways highlighted were validated using specific antibodies and phenotypic assays. Bioinformatic analysis revealed an enrichment in novel signalling pathways, a coordinated response between cellular compartments and protein complexes. RESULTS Detailed analysis of the data revealed intriguing changes in protein complexes involved in nuclear structure, epithelial to mesenchyme transition (EMT), cell adhesion, as well as transcription factors previously not associated with breast cancer cell proliferation. Pathway analysis confirmed the key role of the MAPK signalling cascade following progesterone and additional hormone regulated phospho-sites were identified. Full network analysis shows the activation of new signalling pathways previously not associated with progesterone signalling in T47D breast cancer cells such as ERBB and TRK. As different post-translational modifications can mediate complex crosstalk mechanisms and massive PARylation is also rapidly induced by progestins, we provide details of important chromatin regulatory complexes containing both phosphorylated and PARylated proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes an important resource for the scientific community, as it identifies novel players and connections meaningful for breast cancer cell biology and potentially relevant for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni H. G. Wright
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Roni H. G. Wright, ; Miguel Beato,
| | - Viviana Vastolo
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Quilez Oliete
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Carbonell-Caballero
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Beato
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Roni H. G. Wright, ; Miguel Beato,
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14
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Bordet G, Kotova E, Tulin AV. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating pathway regulates development from stem cell niche to longevity control. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/3/e202101071. [PMID: 34949666 PMCID: PMC8739260 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of homopolymer ADP-ribose chains on nuclear proteins, has been extensively studied over the last decades for its involvement in tumorigenesis processes. However, the regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), the enzyme responsible for removing this posttranslational modification, has attracted little attention. Here we identified that PARG activity is partly regulated by two phosphorylation sites, ph1 and ph2, in Drosophila We showed that the disruption of these sites affects the germline stem-cells maintenance/differentiation balance as well as embryonic and larval development, but also the synchronization of egg production with the availability of a calorically sufficient food source. Moreover, these PARG phosphorylation sites play an essential role in the control of fly survivability from larvae to adults. We also showed that PARG is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 and that this phosphorylation seems to protect PARG protein against degradation in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that the regulation of PARG protein activity plays a crucial role in the control of several developmental processes.
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15
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Lickliter JD, Voskoboynik M, Mileshkin L, Gan HK, Kichenadasse G, Zhang K, Zhang M, Tang Z, Millward M. Phase 1A/1B dose-escalation and -expansion study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, food effects and antitumor activity of pamiparib in advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2021; 126:576-585. [PMID: 34795408 PMCID: PMC8854719 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pamiparib, a PARP1/2 inhibitor, demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models. METHODS This Phase 1A/1B dose-escalation/dose-expansion study enrolled adults (≥18 years) with advanced/metastatic cancer. The dose-escalation phase evaluated the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics; the dose-expansion phase evaluated the antitumor activity and food effects. RESULTS Patients (N = 101) were enrolled in dose-escalation (n = 64) and dose-expansion (n = 37). During BID dose-escalation, dose-limiting toxicities were Grade 2 nausea (n = 1, 40 mg; n = 1, 80 mg); Grade 2 nausea and Grade 2 anorexia (n = 1, 120 mg), Grade 2 nausea, Grade 3 fatigue and Grade 3 paraesthesia (n = 1, 120 mg); MTD was 80 mg BID and RP2D was 60 mg BID. Common adverse events (AEs) were nausea (69.3%), fatigue (48.5%) and anaemia (35.6%); the most common Grade ≥3 AE was anaemia (24.8%). There was a dose-proportional increase in pamiparib exposure; no food effects on pharmacokinetics were observed. In the efficacy-evaluable population (n = 77), objective response rate (ORR) was 27.3% (95% CI, 17.7-38.6%). Median duration of response was 14.9 months (95% CI, 8.7-26.3). In the epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)-evaluable population (n = 51), ORR was 41.2% (95% CI, 27.6-55.8%). CONCLUSIONS Pamiparib was tolerated with manageable AEs, and antitumor activity was observed in patients with EOC. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02361723.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Voskoboynik
- Nucleus Network, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre-East Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ganessan Kichenadasse
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Michael Millward
- Linear Clinical Research & University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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16
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Bell NAW, Haynes PJ, Brunner K, de Oliveira TM, Flocco MM, Hoogenboom BW, Molloy JE. Single-molecule measurements reveal that PARP1 condenses DNA by loop stabilization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/33/eabf3641. [PMID: 34380612 PMCID: PMC8357241 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an abundant nuclear enzyme that plays important roles in DNA repair, chromatin organization and transcription regulation. Although binding and activation of PARP1 by DNA damage sites has been extensively studied, little is known about how PARP1 binds to long stretches of undamaged DNA and how it could shape chromatin architecture. Here, using single-molecule techniques, we show that PARP1 binds and condenses undamaged, kilobase-length DNA subject to sub-piconewton mechanical forces. Stepwise decondensation at high force and DNA braiding experiments show that the condensation activity is due to the stabilization of DNA loops by PARP1. PARP inhibitors do not affect the level of condensation of undamaged DNA but act to block condensation reversal for damaged DNA in the presence of NAD+ Our findings suggest a mechanism for PARP1 in the organization of chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A W Bell
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Philip J Haynes
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Katharina Brunner
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Taiana Maia de Oliveira
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria M Flocco
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bart W Hoogenboom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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17
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Shawki MA, Elsayed NS, Mantawy EM, Said RS. Promising drug repurposing approach targeted for cytokine storm implicated in SARS-CoV-2 complications. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:395-409. [PMID: 34057871 PMCID: PMC8171013 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1931302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A global threat has emerged in 2019 due to the rapid spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As of January 2021, the number of cases worldwide reached 103 million cases and 2.22 million deaths which were confirmed as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This global pandemic galvanized the scientific community to study the causative virus (SARS-CoV2) pathogenesis, transmission, and clinical symptoms. Remarkably, the most common complication associated with this disease is the cytokine storm which is responsible for COVID-19 mortality. Thus, targeting the cytokine storm with new medications is needed to hamper COVID-19 complications where the most prominent strategy for the treatment is drug repurposing. Through this strategy, several steps are skipped especially those required for testing drug safety and thus may help in reducing the dissemination of this pandemic. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to outline the pathogenesis, clinical features, and immune complications of SARS-CoV2 in addition to suggesting several repurposed drugs with their plausible mechanism of action for possible management of severe COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ahmed Shawki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Salah Elsayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham S. Said
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Kumbhar R, Sanchez A, Perren J, Gong F, Corujo D, Medina F, Devanathan SK, Xhemalce B, Matouschek A, Buschbeck M, Buck-Koehntop BA, Miller KM. Poly(ADP-ribose) binding and macroH2A mediate recruitment and functions of KDM5A at DNA lesions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212163. [PMID: 34003252 PMCID: PMC8135068 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase KDM5A erases histone H3 lysine 4 methylation, which is involved in transcription and DNA damage responses (DDRs). While DDR functions of KDM5A have been identified, how KDM5A recognizes DNA lesion sites within chromatin is unknown. Here, we identify two factors that act upstream of KDM5A to promote its association with DNA damage sites. We have identified a noncanonical poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR)–binding region unique to KDM5A. Loss of the PAR-binding region or treatment with PAR polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi’s) blocks KDM5A–PAR interactions and DNA repair functions of KDM5A. The histone variant macroH2A1.2 is also specifically required for KDM5A recruitment and function at DNA damage sites, including homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks and repression of transcription at DNA breaks. Overall, this work reveals the importance of PAR binding and macroH2A1.2 in KDM5A recognition of DNA lesion sites that drive transcriptional and repair activities at DNA breaks within chromatin that are essential for maintaining genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramhari Kumbhar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Anthony Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jullian Perren
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Fade Gong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David Corujo
- Cancer and Leukemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Cancer Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Medina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Sravan K Devanathan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Blerta Xhemalce
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Andreas Matouschek
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Cancer and Leukemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Cancer Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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19
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The pharmacokinetics of pamiparib in the presence of a strong CYP3A inhibitor (itraconazole) and strong CYP3A inducer (rifampin) in patients with solid tumors: an open-label, parallel-group phase 1 study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:81-88. [PMID: 33772633 PMCID: PMC8149352 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pamiparib is an investigational, selective, oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1/2 (PARP1/2) inhibitor that has demonstrated PARP–DNA complex trapping and CNS penetration in preclinical models, as well as preliminary anti-tumor activity in early-phase clinical studies. We investigated whether the single-dose pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of pamiparib is altered by coadministration of a strong CYP3A inducer (rifampin) or a strong CYP3A inhibitor (itraconazole) in patients with solid tumors. Methods In this open-label, phase 1 study, adults with advanced solid tumors received either oral pamiparib 60 mg (days 1 and 10) and once-daily oral rifampin 600 mg (days 3–11) or oral pamiparib 20 mg (days 1 and 7) and once-daily oral itraconazole 200 mg (days 3–8). Primary endpoints included pamiparib maximum observed concentration (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from zero to last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–tlast) and infinity (AUC0–inf). Secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability. Results Rifampin coadministration did not affect pamiparib Cmax (geometric least-squares [GLS] mean ratio 0.94; 90% confidence interval 0.83–1.06), but reduced its AUC0–tlast (0.62 [0.54–0.70]) and AUC0–inf (0.57 [0.48–0.69]). Itraconazole coadministration did not affect pamiparib Cmax (1.05 [0.95–1.15]), AUC0–tlast (0.99 [0.91–1.09]), or AUC0–inf (0.99 [0.90–1.09]). There were no serious treatment-related adverse events. Conclusions Pamiparib plasma exposure was reduced 38–43% with rifampin coadministration but was unaffected by itraconazole coadministration. Pamiparib dose modifications are not considered necessary when coadministered with CYP3A inhibitors. Clinical safety and efficacy data will be used with these results to recommend dose modifications when pamiparib is coadministered with CYP3A inducers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00280-021-04253-x.
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20
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Wright RHG, Beato M. Role of the NUDT Enzymes in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2267. [PMID: 33668737 PMCID: PMC7956304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite global research efforts, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The majority of these deaths are due to metastasis occurring years after the initial treatment of the primary tumor and occurs at a higher frequency in hormone receptor-positive (Estrogen and Progesterone; HR+) breast cancers. We have previously described the role of NUDT5 (Nudix-linked to moiety X-5) in HR+ breast cancer progression, specifically with regards to the growth of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs are known to be the initiators of epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT), metastatic colonization, and growth. Therefore, a greater understanding of the proteins and signaling pathways involved in the metastatic process may open the door for therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of NUDT5 and other members of the NUDT family of enzymes in breast and other cancer types. We highlight the use of global omics data based on our recent phosphoproteomic analysis of progestin signaling pathways in breast cancer cells and how this experimental approach provides insight into novel crosstalk mechanisms for stratification and drug discovery projects aiming to treat patients with aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni H. G. Wright
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Beato
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Life Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Ahmed EA, Alzahrani AM, Scherthan H. Parp1-Dependent DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Irradiated Late Pachytene Spermatocytes. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:209-218. [PMID: 33337266 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp1) is a member of nuclear enzymes family involved in to the response to genotoxic stresses, DNA repair, and is critical for the maintenance of genome stability. During gametogenesis, genome stability is essential for inheritance and formation of healthy gametes. The latter involves DNA double-strand break (DSB)-driven pairing of homologous chromosomes in first meiotic prophase. By analysis of DSB repair kinetics in male meiotic prophase cells of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)-deficient mouse models, we previously demonstrated an interplay between HR and the conventional NHEJ repair pathway. In the current work, we evaluate the relative contribution of Parp1-dependent NHEJ to the repair of ectopic ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DSBs in control and Parp1-inhibited mouse pachytene spermatocytes before and after the completion of meiotic recombination in stages VI-XI. The disappearance of large, exogenous DSB-related γ-H2AX foci was quantified 1 and 8 h after 1 Gy γ-irradiation of control and 3,4-dihydro-5-[4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxy]-1(2H)quinolinone (DPQ) Parp1-inhibited mice. Late pachytene control spermatocytes obtained 8 h after IR had repaired >80% of DSBs observed at 1 h after IR. However, only 64% of DSBs were repaired in late spermatocytes of DPQ-treated (Parp1-inhibited) mice. Thus, it appears that Parp1 contributes to the repair of a fraction of DSBs in late prophase I, providing further insights in DNA repair pathway choreography during spermatogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Ahmed
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Munich, Germany
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Xu B, Yin Y, Dong M, Song Y, Li W, Huang X, Wang T, He J, Mu X, Li L, Mu S, Zhang W, Li M. Pamiparib dose escalation in Chinese patients with non-mucinous high-grade ovarian cancer or advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 10:109-118. [PMID: 33128299 PMCID: PMC7826463 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of pamiparib, an investigational PARP1/2 inhibitor, was established as 60 mg twice daily (BID) in a first‐in‐human (FIH) study (NCT02361723). Methods Chinese patients with advanced non‐mucinous high‐grade ovarian cancer (HGOC) or triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) whose disease either progressed despite standard therapy, or for which there is no standard therapy were enrolled in the dose‐escalation (DE) portion of a phase 1/2 study (NCT03333915). The primary endpoint was safety/tolerability; secondary objectives were pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity. BRCA1/2 mutation status was retrospectively evaluated. Results Nine HGOC and six TNBC patients (N = 15; n = 4, 20 mg; n = 4, 40 mg; n = 7, 60 mg) were enrolled; as of 30 September 2019, one HGOC patient remained on treatment. Seven patients (n = 5, HGOC; n = 2, TNBC) had germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAmut); all HGOC patients were resistant/refractory to platinum. Asthenia and nausea (n = 12 each) were the most common treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). Decreased hemoglobin was the most common grade 3 TRAE (n = 3); no grade ≥4 AEs were observed. No dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported. Pamiparib plasma exposure was similar to exposure observed in the FIH study after a single‐dose administration, albeit slightly higher at steady state. Among 13 RECIST‐evaluable patients, two with HGOC (gBRCAmut, n = 1) achieved a confirmed partial response and six with HGOC (gBRCAmut, n = 4) achieved stable disease; all TNBC RECIST‐evaluable patients (n = 5) reported progressive disease. Conclusions Pamiparib was generally well tolerated in Chinese patients, with durable responses observed in patients with HGOC. Based on these results, pamiparib 60 mg BID was confirmed as the RP2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghe Xu
- National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yongmei Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mei Dong
- National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yan Song
- National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tongshan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiyan Mu
- BeiGene (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Li Li
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Song Mu
- BeiGene USA, Inc.San MateoCAUSA
| | - Wa Zhang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Miao Li
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
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23
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Makhov P, Uzzo RG, Tulin AV, Kolenko VM. Histone-dependent PARP-1 inhibitors: A novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of prostate and renal cancers. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:312-315. [PMID: 32402770 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical interest in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has increased over the past decade with the recognition of its roles in transcription regulation, DNA repair, epigenetic bookmarking, and chromatin restructuring. A number of PARP-1 inhibitors demonstrating clinical efficacy against tumors of various origins have emerged in recent years. These inhibitors have been essentially designed as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) mimetics. However, because NAD+ is utilized by many enzymes other than PARP-1, NAD+ competitors tend to produce certain off-target effects. To overcome the limitation of NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors, we have developed a new class of PARP-1 inhibitors that specifically targets the histone-dependent route of PARP-1 activation, a mechanism of activation that is unique to PARP-1. Novel histone-dependent inhibitors are highly specific for PARP-1 and demonstrate promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy against prostate and renal tumors. Our findings suggest that novel PARP-1 inhibitors have strong therapeutic potential for the treatment of urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makhov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert G Uzzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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24
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Gallyas Jr. F, Sumegi B. Mitochondrial Protection by PARP Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082767. [PMID: 32316192 PMCID: PMC7215481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the nuclear DNA damage sensor and signalling enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have recently been introduced in the therapy of cancers deficient in double-strand DNA break repair systems, and ongoing clinical trials aim to extend their use from other forms of cancer non-responsive to conventional treatments. Additionally, PARP inhibitors were suggested to be repurposed for oxidative stress-associated non-oncological diseases resulting in a devastating outcome, or requiring acute treatment. Their well-documented mitochondria- and cytoprotective effects form the basis of PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic use for non-oncological diseases, yet can limit their efficacy in the treatment of cancers. A better understanding of the processes involved in their protective effects may improve the PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in the non-oncological indications. To this end, we endeavoured to summarise the basic features regarding mitochondrial structure and function, review the major PARP activation-induced cellular processes leading to mitochondrial damage, and discuss the role of PARP inhibition-mediated mitochondrial protection in several oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Gallyas Jr.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-278
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Identification of PARP-1, Histone H1 and SIRT-1 as New Regulators of Breast Cancer-Related Aromatase Promoter I.3/II. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020427. [PMID: 32059481 PMCID: PMC7072628 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine interactions between malignant estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells and breast adipose fibroblasts (BAFs) stimulate estrogen biosynthesis by aromatase in BAFs. In breast cancer, mainly the cAMP-responsive promoter I.3/II-region mediates excessive aromatase expression. A rare single nucleotide variant (SNV) in this promoter region, which caused 70% reduction in promoter activity, was utilized for the identification of novel regulators of aromatase expression. To this end, normal and mutant promoter activities were measured in luciferase reporter gene assays. DNA-binding proteins were captured by DNA-affinity and identified by mass spectrometry. The DNA binding of proteins was analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, immunoprecipitation-based in vitro binding assays and by chromatin immunoprecipitation in BAFs in vivo. Protein expression and parylation were analyzed by western blotting. Aromatase activities and RNA-expression were measured in BAFs. Functional consequences of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) knock-out, rescue or overexpression, respectively, were analyzed in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and the 3T3-L1 cell model. In summary, PARP-1 and histone H1 (H1) were identified as critical regulators of aromatase expression. PARP-1-binding to the SNV-region was crucial for aromatase promoter activation. PARP-1 parylated H1 and competed with H1 for DNA-binding, thereby inhibiting its gene silencing action. In MEFs (PARP-1 knock-out and wild-type) and BAFs, PARP-1-mediated induction of the aromatase promoter showed bi-phasic dose responses in overexpression and inhibitor experiments, respectively. The HDAC-inhibitors butyrate, panobinostat and selisistat enhanced promoter I.3/II-mediated gene expression dependent on PARP-1-activity. Forskolin stimulation of BAFs increased promoter I.3/II-occupancy by PARP-1, whereas SIRT-1 competed with PARP-1 for DNA binding but independently activated the promoter I.3/II. Consistently, the inhibition of both PARP-1 and SIRT-1 increased the NAD+/NADH-ratio in BAFs. This suggests that cellular NAD+/NADH ratios control the complex interactions of PARP-1, H1 and SIRT-1 and regulate the interplay of parylation and acetylation/de-acetylation events with low NAD+/NADH ratios (reverse Warburg effect), promoting PARP-1 activation and estrogen synthesis in BAFs. Therefore, PARP-1 inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancers.
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26
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Karpova Y, Wu C, Divan A, McDonnell ME, Hewlett E, Makhov P, Gordon J, Ye M, Reitz AB, Childers WE, Skorski T, Kolenko V, Tulin AV. Non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors in prostate cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:149-162. [PMID: 30880062 PMCID: PMC6702078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies of the molecular mechanisms of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)-mediated transcriptional regulation we identified a novel class of PARP-1 inhibitors targeting the histone-dependent route of PARP-1 activation. Because histone-dependent activation is unique to PARP-1, non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors have the potential to bypass the off-target effects of classical NAD-dependent PARP-1 inhibitors, such as olaparib, veliparib, and rucaparib. Furthermore, our recently published studies demonstrate that, compared to NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors that are used clinically, the non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitor 5F02 exhibited superior antitumor activity in cell and animal models of human prostate cancer (PC). In this study, we further evaluated the antitumor activity of 5F02 and several of its novel analogues against PC cells. In contrast to NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors, non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors demonstrated efficacy against androgen-dependent and -independent routes of androgen receptor signaling activation. Our experiments reveal that methylation of the quaternary ammonium salt and the presence of esters were critical for the antitumor activity of 5F02 against PC cells. In addition, we examined the role of a related regulatory protein of PARP-1, called Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), in prostate carcinogenesis. Our study reveals that PARG expression is severely disrupted in PC cells, which is associated with decreased integrity and localization of Cajal bodies (CB). Overall, the results of our study strengthen the justification for using non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Wu
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ali Divan
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Mark E McDonnell
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hewlett
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter Makhov
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Gordon
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Min Ye
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wayne E Childers
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Alexei V Tulin
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States.
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27
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Rudolph J, Luger K. Kinetics of DNA-protein association and dissociation by stopped-flow spectroscopy. Methods Enzymol 2019; 625:135-156. [PMID: 31455524 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability of proteins to recognize a specific nucleotide sequence or structural feature in the genome is central to DNA replication and repair as well as gene transcription. To understand how DNA-binding proteins accomplish this feat it is important to characterize how they efficiently recognize specific DNA sequences or various structural features in the milieu of a crowded nucleus containing 50mM basepairs of DNA. This minimally entails the determination of thermodynamic (equilibrium) parameters that characterize the relative affinities of DNA-binding proteins with their cognate and non-cognate DNA sequences of interest. Additionally, elucidating the kinetic parameters that govern DNA-protein association and dissociation can provide essential mechanistic insights into the underlying mechanisms, and can inform on how these processes can be controlled under varying cellular conditions. Unfortunately, the acquisition of kinetic data can appear intimidating and are usually not included in the characterization of most DNA binding proteins. Here we provide detailed theoretical considerations and practical, easy-to-follow protocols for using stopped-flow spectroscopy to study the kinetics of DNA-protein association and dissociation, using poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase 1 as a practical example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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28
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He Y, Gao M, Tang H, Cao Y, Liu S, Tao Y. Metabolic Intermediates in Tumorigenesis and Progression. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1187-1199. [PMID: 31223279 PMCID: PMC6567815 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional antitumor drugs inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumour cells by restraining the replication and expression of DNA. These drugs are usually highly cytotoxic. They kill tumour cells while also cause damage to normal cells at the same time, especially the hematopoietic cells that divide vigorously. Patients are exposed to other serious situations such as a severe infection caused by a decrease in the number of white blood cells. Energy metabolism is an essential process for the survival of all cells, but differs greatly between normal cells and tumour cells in metabolic pathways and metabolic intermediates. Whether this difference could be used as new therapeutic target while reducing damage to normal tissues is the topic of this paper. In this paper, we introduce five major metabolic intermediates in detail, including acetyl-CoA, SAM, FAD, NAD+ and THF. Their contents and functions in tumour cells and normal cells are significantly different. And the possible regulatory mechanisms that lead to these differences are proposed carefully. It is hoped that the key enzymes in these regulatory pathways could be used as new targets for tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008 China.,Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078 China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Menghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008 China.,Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078 China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haosheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008 China.,Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078 China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008 China.,Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078 China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008 China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008 China.,Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078 China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Hit and run versus long-term activation of PARP-1 by its different domains fine-tunes nuclear processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9941-9946. [PMID: 31028139 PMCID: PMC6525528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901183116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how multiple functions of a single protein are coordinated in a living cell. PARP-1 is a multidomain nuclear protein that plays a critical role in regulating developmental processes including apoptosis, DNA repair, epigenetic marking of chromatin, assembly of higher-order chromatin structures, and transcriptional activation. Using deletional isoforms of PARP-1 in in vivo and in vitro experiments, we have demonstrated that the multiple domains of PARP-1 cooperate in response to interactions with different PARP-1 targets, leading either to short-term activation of the enzyme or to prolonged and sustained activity. This sustained activity produces accumulation of pADPr in the surrounding chromatin, leading to prolonged chromatin loosening. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a multidomain multifunctional nuclear enzyme involved in the regulation of the chromatin structure and transcription. PARP-1 consists of three functional domains: the N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) containing three zinc fingers, the automodification domain (A), and the C-terminal domain, which includes the protein interacting WGR domain (W) and the catalytic (Cat) subdomain responsible for the poly(ADP ribosyl)ating reaction. The mechanisms coordinating the functions of these domains and determining the positioning of PARP-1 in chromatin remain unknown. Using multiple deletional isoforms of PARP-1, lacking one or another of its three domains, as well as consisting of only one of those domains, we demonstrate that different functions of PARP-1 are coordinated by interactions among these domains and their targets. Interaction between the DBD and damaged DNA leads to a short-term binding and activation of PARP-1. This “hit and run” activation of PARP-1 initiates the DNA repair pathway at a specific point. The long-term chromatin loosening required to sustain transcription takes place when the C-terminal domain of PARP-1 binds to chromatin by interacting with histone H4 in the nucleosome. This long-term activation of PARP-1 results in a continuous accumulation of pADPr, which maintains chromatin in the loosened state around a certain locus so that the transcription machinery has continuous access to DNA. Cooperation between the DBD and C-terminal domain occurs in response to heat shock (HS), allowing PARP-1 to scan chromatin for specific binding sites.
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30
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Qin W, Wu HJ, Cao LQ, Li HJ, He CX, Zhao D, Xing L, Li PQ, Jin X, Cao HL. Research Progress on PARP14 as a Drug Target. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:172. [PMID: 30890936 PMCID: PMC6411704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) implements posttranslational mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation modification of target proteins. Among the known 18 members in the enormous family of PARP enzymes, several investigations about PARP1, PARP2, and PARP5a/5b have been launched in the past few decades; more specifically, PARP14 is gradually emerging as a promising drug target. An intact PARP14 (also named ARTD8 or BAL2) is constructed by macro1, macro2, macro3, WWE, and the catalytic domain. PARP14 takes advantage of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a metabolic substrate to conduct mono-ADP-ribosylation modification on target proteins, taking part in cellular responses and signaling pathways in the immune system. Therefore, PARP14 has been considered a fascinating target for treatment of tumors and allergic inflammation. More importantly, PARP14 could be a potential target for a chemosensitizer based on the theory of synthetic lethality and its unique role in homologous recombination DNA repair. This review first gives a brief introduction on several representative PARP members. Subsequently, current literatures are presented to reveal the molecular mechanisms of PARP14 as a novel drug target for cancers (e.g., diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma) and allergic inflammatory. Finally, potential PARP inhibitor-associated adverse effects are discussed. The review could be a meaningful reference for innovative drug or chemosensitizer discovery targeting to PARP14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Jie Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu-Qi Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Jin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Xia He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Xing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Quan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Ling Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Pavlaki I, Docquier F, Chernukhin I, Kita G, Gretton S, Clarkson CT, Teif VB, Klenova E. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation associated changes in CTCF-chromatin binding and gene expression in breast cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:718-730. [PMID: 29981477 PMCID: PMC6074063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CTCF is an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed architectural protein regulating a plethora of cellular functions via different molecular mechanisms. CTCF can undergo a number of post-translational modifications which change its properties and functions. One such modifications linked to cancer is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). The highly PARylated CTCF form has an apparent molecular mass of 180 kDa (referred to as CTCF180), which can be distinguished from hypo- and non-PARylated CTCF with the apparent molecular mass of 130 kDa (referred to as CTCF130). The existing data accumulated so far have been mainly related to CTCF130. However, the properties of CTCF180 are not well understood despite its abundance in a number of primary tissues. In this study we performed ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses in human breast cells 226LDM, which display predominantly CTCF130 when proliferating, but CTCF180 upon cell cycle arrest. We observed that in the arrested cells the majority of sites lost CTCF, whereas fewer sites gained CTCF or remain bound (i.e. common sites). The classical CTCF binding motif was found in the lost and common, but not in the gained sites. The changes in CTCF occupancies in the lost and common sites were associated with increased chromatin densities and altered expression from the neighboring genes. Based on these results we propose a model integrating the CTCF130/180 transition with CTCF-DNA binding and gene expression changes. This study also issues an important cautionary note concerning the design and interpretation of any experiments using cells and tissues where CTCF180 may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pavlaki
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - France Docquier
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Igor Chernukhin
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Georgia Kita
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Svetlana Gretton
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Christopher T Clarkson
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Vladimir B Teif
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Elena Klenova
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK.
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Lüscher B, Bütepage M, Eckei L, Krieg S, Verheugd P, Shilton BH. ADP-Ribosylation, a Multifaceted Posttranslational Modification Involved in the Control of Cell Physiology in Health and Disease. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1092-1136. [PMID: 29172462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to modify target proteins with ADP-ribose. This modification can occur as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. The latter involves the synthesis of long ADP-ribose chains that have specific properties due to the nature of the polymer. ADP-Ribosylation is reversed by hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bonds either between ADP-ribose units or between the protein proximal ADP-ribose and a given amino acid side chain. Here we discuss the properties of the different enzymes associated with ADP-ribosylation and the consequences of this PTM on substrates. Furthermore, the different domains that interpret either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation and the implications for cellular processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Eckei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brian H Shilton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , Medical Sciences Building Room 332, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
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Butler TM, Pater JA, MacPhee DJ. Integrin linked kinase regulates syncytialization of BeWo trophoblast cells. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:673-685. [PMID: 28339614 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.145748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During placental development, mononuclear villous cytotrophoblast cells differentiate and fuse with the overlying syncytiotrophoblast. This process requires the dissolution of E-cadherin (CDH1)-containing adherens junctions in cytotrophoblast. Integrin linked kinase (ILK) can downregulate CDH1 through poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and Snail-1 (SNAI1) during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ILK is known to be expressed in cytotrophoblast; thus, the role of a potential ILK-PARP1-SNAI1 pathway in aiding trophoblast syncytialization via the downregulation of CDH1 was examined. The spatiotemporal expression of PARP1, SNAI1, and CDH1 were determined in first and early second trimester chorionic villi, term villi, and BeWo cells by immunofluorescence analysis. PARP1 and SNAI1 were highly detectable in villous cytotrophoblast nuclei of human chorionic villi and SNAI1 expression, in particular, also persisted in syncytiotrophoblast. In BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization, PARP1 and SNAI1 increasingly localized to cell nuclei in correlation with decreased CDH1 expression. Using luciferase reporter assays, it was determined that PARP1 and SNAI1 promoter activities were significantly higher in BeWo cells during syncytialization compared to the activities in proliferating cells. Overexpression of wild type or constitutively active ILK also resulted in significantly increased PARP1 and SNAI1 promoter activities while dominant negative ILK overexpression significantly reduced promoter activities. Lastly, siRNA-mediated depletion of ILK expression in BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization resulted in significantly reduced SNAI1 expression and a significant reduction in the incidence of syncytialization correlating with increased CDH1 expression. These results demonstrate that ILK aids trophoblast syncytialization via the downregulation of CDH1, perhaps through an ILK-PARP1-SNAI1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina M Butler
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Justin A Pater
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada.,Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,One Reproductive Health Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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He Q, Zong L, Sun Y, Vijayalaxmi, Prihoda TJ, Tong J, Cao Y. Adaptive response in mouse bone marrow stromal cells exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields: Impact of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 820:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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PARP-1 Interaction with and Activation by Histones and Nucleosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28695515 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6993-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is an abundant chromatin associated protein, typical for most eukaryotic nuclei. The localization of PARP-1 in chromatin and its enzymatic activation involves multiple interactions of PARP-1 with nucleosomal histones, other proteins, and DNA. We report a set of methods designed to reconstitute PARP-1 regulation in vitro. These methods involve the expression of PARP-1 and PARP-1-regulating proteins using bacterial and eukaryotic systems, purification of these proteins using chromatography, testing of individual interactions in vitro, assembly of active complexes, and reconstitution of PARP-1 regulating reactions in vitro.
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Abbotts R, Wilson DM. Coordination of DNA single strand break repair. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:228-244. [PMID: 27890643 PMCID: PMC5443707 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic material of all organisms is susceptible to modification. In some instances, these changes are programmed, such as the formation of DNA double strand breaks during meiotic recombination to generate gamete variety or class switch recombination to create antibody diversity. However, in most cases, genomic damage is potentially harmful to the health of the organism, contributing to disease and aging by promoting deleterious cellular outcomes. A proportion of DNA modifications are caused by exogenous agents, both physical (namely ultraviolet sunlight and ionizing radiation) and chemical (such as benzopyrene, alkylating agents, platinum compounds and psoralens), which can produce numerous forms of DNA damage, including a range of "simple" and helix-distorting base lesions, abasic sites, crosslinks and various types of phosphodiester strand breaks. More significant in terms of frequency are endogenous mechanisms of modification, which include hydrolytic disintegration of DNA chemical bonds, attack by reactive oxygen species and other byproducts of normal cellular metabolism, or incomplete or necessary enzymatic reactions (such as topoisomerases or repair nucleases). Both exogenous and endogenous mechanisms are associated with a high risk of single strand breakage, either produced directly or generated as intermediates of DNA repair. This review will focus upon the creation, consequences and resolution of single strand breaks, with a particular focus on two major coordinating repair proteins: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Abbotts
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Berger NA, Besson VC, Boulares AH, Bürkle A, Chiarugi A, Clark RS, Curtin NJ, Cuzzocrea S, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Haskó G, Liaudet L, Moroni F, Pacher P, Radermacher P, Salzman AL, Snyder SH, Soriano FG, Strosznajder RP, Sümegi B, Swanson RA, Szabo C. Opportunities for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors for the therapy of non-oncological diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:192-222. [PMID: 28213892 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent clinical availability of the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) opens the door for potential therapeutic repurposing for non-oncological indications. Considering (a) the preclinical efficacy data with PARP inhibitors in non-oncological diseases and (b) the risk-benefit ratio of treating patients with a compound that inhibits an enzyme that has physiological roles in the regulation of DNA repair, we have selected indications, where (a) the severity of the disease is high, (b) the available therapeutic options are limited, and (c) the duration of PARP inhibitor administration could be short, to provide first-line options for therapeutic repurposing. These indications are as follows: acute ischaemic stroke; traumatic brain injury; septic shock; acute pancreatitis; and severe asthma and severe acute lung injury. In addition, chronic, devastating diseases, where alternative therapeutic options cannot halt disease development (e.g. Parkinson's disease, progressive multiple sclerosis or severe fibrotic diseases), should also be considered. We present a preclinical and clinical action plan for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie C Besson
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Headache Center - University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert S Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Physiology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burn Center, University Hospital Medical Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Moroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neurology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Gross S, Kotova EY, Maluchenko NV, Pascal JM, Studitsky VM. Evaluating Parp1 domains as gossypol targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0096392516040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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PARP1 regulates the protein stability and proapoptotic function of HIPK2. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2438. [PMID: 27787517 PMCID: PMC5134000 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase that functions in DNA damage response and development. In the present study, we propose that the protein stability and proapoptotic function of HIPK2 are regulated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). We present evidence indicating that PARP1 promotes the proteasomal degradation of HIPK2. The tryptophan-glycine-arginine (WGR) domain of PARP1 was necessary and sufficient for the promotion of HIPK2 degradation independently of the PARP1 enzymatic activity. The WGR domain mediated the interaction between HIPK2 and C-terminus of HSP70-interacting protein (CHIP) via HSP70. We found that CHIP can function as a ubiquitin ligase for HIPK2. The interaction between PAPR1 and HIPK2 was weakened following DNA damage. Importantly, PARP1 reduced the HIPK2-mediated p53 phosphorylation, proapoptotic transcriptional activity and cell death. These results suggest that PARP1 can modulate the tumor-suppressing function of HIPK2 by regulating the protein stability of HIPK2.
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Thomas C, Ji Y, Lodhi N, Kotova E, Pinnola AD, Golovine K, Makhov P, Pechenkina K, Kolenko V, Tulin AV. Non-NAD-Like poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitors effectively Eliminate Cancer in vivo. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:90-98. [PMID: 27727003 PMCID: PMC5264309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical potential of PARP-1 inhibitors has been recognized >10years ago, prompting intensive research on their pharmacological application in several branches of medicine, particularly in oncology. However, natural or acquired resistance of tumors to known PARP-1 inhibitors poses a serious problem for their clinical implementation. Present study aims to reignite clinical interest to PARP-1 inhibitors by introducing a new method of identifying highly potent inhibitors and presenting the largest known collection of structurally diverse inhibitors. The majority of PARP-1 inhibitors known to date have been developed as NAD competitors. NAD is utilized by many enzymes other than PARP-1, resulting in a trade-off trap between their specificity and efficacy. To circumvent this problem, we have developed a new strategy to blindly screen a small molecule library for PARP-1 inhibitors by targeting a highly specific rout of its activation. Based on this screen, we present a collection of PARP-1 inhibitors and provide their structural classification. In addition to compounds that show structural similarity to NAD or known PARP-1 inhibitors, the screen identified structurally new non-NAD-like inhibitors that block PARP-1 activity in cancer cells with greater efficacy and potency than classical PARP-1 inhibitors currently used in clinic. These non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors are effective against several types of human cancer xenografts, including kidney, prostate, and breast tumors in vivo. Our pre-clinical testing of these inhibitors using laboratory animals has established a strong foundation for advancing the new inhibitors to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Thomas
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yingbiao Ji
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Niraj Lodhi
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elena Kotova
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Peter Makhov
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Alexei V Tulin
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Li G, Cunin P, Wu D, Diogo D, Yang Y, Okada Y, Plenge RM, Nigrovic PA. The Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Variant CCR6DNP Regulates CCR6 via PARP-1. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006292. [PMID: 27626929 PMCID: PMC5023119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the implications of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for disease biology requires both identification of causal variants and definition of how these variants alter gene function. The non-coding triallelic dinucleotide polymorphism CCR6DNP is associated with risk for rheumatoid arthritis, and is considered likely causal because allelic variation correlates with expression of the chemokine receptor CCR6. Using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) gene editing, we confirmed that CCR6DNP regulates CCR6. To identify the associated transcription factor, we applied a novel assay, Flanking Restriction Enhanced Pulldown (FREP), to identify specific association of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) with CCR6DNP consistent with the established allelic risk hierarchy. Correspondingly, manipulation of PARP-1 expression or activity impaired CCR6 expression in several lineages. These findings show that CCR6DNP is a causal variant through which PARP-1 regulates CCR6, and introduce a highly efficient approach to interrogate non-coding genetic polymorphisms associated with human disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify loci associated with human disease risk, but bridging the gap between locus and mechanism has proven particularly difficult in cases where associated variants do not alter coding. We aimed to develop a generalizable approach to this problem. Previously, a dual nucleotide polymorphism within the first intron of CCR6 (termed the CCR6DNP) had been associated with risk for rheumatoid arthritis, but the pathway by which this variant altered gene expression could not be determined. Here, we employed sequence perturbation to confirm a regulatory role for the CCR6DNP. Next, using a new technique termed Flanking Restriction Enhanced Pulldown (FREP), we identified PARP-1 as the protein that regulates CCR6 expression through allelic association with the CCR6DNP, a finding confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and functional assays. These findings reveal an unexpected regulatory pathway for CCR6 implicated in rheumatoid arthritis and other disease by human genetics, and more generally introduce a novel approach to identifying regulatory protein-DNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GL); (PAN)
| | - Pierre Cunin
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorothée Diogo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yu Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Robert M. Plenge
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GL); (PAN)
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Induction of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase in Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Exposed to 900 MHz Radiofrequency Fields: Preliminary Observations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4918691. [PMID: 27190989 PMCID: PMC4848421 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4918691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background. Several investigators have reported increased levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a nuclear enzyme which plays an important role in the repair of damaged DNA, in cells exposed to extremely low dose ionizing radiation which does not cause measurable DNA damage. Objective. To examine whether exposure of the cells to nonionizing radiofrequency fields (RF) is capable of increasing messenger RNA of PARP-1 and its protein levels in mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Methods. BMSCs were exposed to 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm2 power intensity for 3 hours/day for 5 days. PARP-1 mRNA and its protein levels were examined at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours after exposure using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Sham-exposed (SH) cells and those exposed to ionizing radiation were used as unexposed and positive control cells. Results. BMSCs exposed to RF showed significantly increased expression of PARP-1 mRNA and its protein levels after exposure to RF while such changes were not observed in SH-exposed cells. Conclusion. Nonionizing RF exposure is capable of inducing PARP-1.
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Lodhi N, Ji Y, Tulin A. Mitotic bookmarking: maintaining post-mitotic reprogramming of transcription reactivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:10-16. [PMID: 27042400 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-016-0029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Restoring chromatin structure with high fidelity after mitosis is critical for cell survival. Transcriptional reactivation of genes is the first step toward establishing identity of the daughter cell. During mitosis, chromatin bookmarking factors associated with specific chromatin regions ensure the restoration of the original gene expression pattern in daughter cells. Recent findings have provided new insights into the mechanisms, regulation, and biological significance of gene bookmarking in eukaryotes. In this review, we discuss how epigenetic factors, such as Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1, establish epigenetic memory in mitotic chromatin.
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Edmonds CE, Makvandi M, Lieberman BP, Xu K, Zeng C, Li S, Hou C, Lee H, Greenberg RA, Mankoff DA, Mach RH. [(18)F]FluorThanatrace uptake as a marker of PARP1 expression and activity in breast cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 6:94-101. [PMID: 27069769 PMCID: PMC4749508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear enzyme PARP1 plays a central role in sensing DNA damage and facilitating repair. Tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations are highly dependent on PARP1 as an alternative mechanism for DNA repair, and PARP inhibitors generate synthetic lethality in tumors with BRCA mutations, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Zhou et al. recently synthesized an (18)F-labeled PARP1 inhibitor ([(18)F]FluorThanatrace) for PET, and demonstrated high specific tracer uptake in a xenograft model of breast cancer [1]. In the current study, we characterize the level of baseline PARP expression and activity across multiple human breast cancer cell lines, including a BRCA1 mutant line. PARP expression and activity, as measured by levels of PAR and PARP1, is correlated with in vitro [(18)F]FluorThanatrace binding as well as tracer uptake on PET in a xenograft model of breast cancer. Radiotracer uptake in genetically-engineered mouse fibroblasts indicates [(18)F]FluorThanatrace is selective for PARP1 versus other PARP enzymes. This motivates further studies of [(18)F]FluorThanatrace as an in vivo measure of PARP1 expression and activity in patients who would benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Edmonds
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mehran Makvandi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian P Lieberman
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chenbo Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Catherine Hou
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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46
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Valenciano A, Foro-Arnalot P, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Cozar JM, Suárez-Novo JF, Castells-Esteve M, Fernández-Gonzalo P, De-Paula-Carranza B, Ferrer M, Guedea F, Sancho-Pardo G, Craven-Bartle J, Ortiz-Gordillo MJ, Cabrera-Roldán P, Rodríguez-Melcón JI, Herrera-Ramos E, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Lara PC. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA double-strand break repair genes and prostate cancer aggressiveness in the Spanish population. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:28-34. [PMID: 26754263 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel predictors of prognosis and treatment response for prostate cancer (PCa) are required to better individualize treatment. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genes directly (XRCC5 (X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5) and XRCC6 (X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 6)) or indirectly (PARP1 and major vault protein (MVP)) involved in non-homologous end joining were examined in 494 Spanish PCa patients. METHODS A total of 22 SNPs were genotyped in a Biotrove OpenArray NT Cycler. Clinical tumor stage, diagnostic PSA serum levels and Gleason score at diagnosis were obtained for all participants. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were determined using the web-based environment SNPator. RESULTS (XRCC6) rs2267437 appeared as a risk factor for developing more aggressive PCa tumors. Those patients carrying the GG genotype were at higher risk of developing bigger tumors (odds ratio (OR)=2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-3.29, P=0.004), present higher diagnostic PSA levels (OR=2.12, 95% CI 1.19-3.78, P=0.011), higher Gleason score (OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.01-2.68, P=0.044) and D'Amico higher risk tumors (OR=2.38, 95% CI 1.24-4.58, P=0.009) than those patients carrying the CC/CG genotypes. Those patients carrying the (MVP) rs3815824 TT genotype were at higher risk of presenting higher diagnostic PSA levels (OR=4.74, 95% CI 1.40-16.07, P=0.013) than those patients carrying the CC genotype. When both SNPs were analyzed in combination, those patients carrying the risk genotypes were at higher risk of developing D'Amico higher risk tumors (OR=3.33, 95% CI 1.56-7.17, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS We believe that for the first time, genetic variants at XRCC6 and MVP genes are associated with risk of more aggressive disease, and would be taken into account when assessing the malignancy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Henríquez-Hernández
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Las Palmas, Spain.,Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - A Valenciano
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - P Foro-Arnalot
- Radiation Oncology Department, Institud d'Oncologia Radioteràpica, Hospital de la Esperanza, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Álvarez-Cubero
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - J M Cozar
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - J F Suárez-Novo
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Castells-Esteve
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - M Ferrer
- Health Services Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Guedea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Sancho-Pardo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Craven-Bartle
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Ortiz-Gordillo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Cabrera-Roldán
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J I Rodríguez-Melcón
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - E Herrera-Ramos
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez-Gallego
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - P C Lara
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer, Las Palmas, Spain.,Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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47
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New Therapeutic Concept of NAD Redox Balance for Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4048390. [PMID: 26881219 PMCID: PMC4736397 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4048390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various tumors. In addition to its antitumor activity, cisplatin affects normal cells and may induce adverse effects such as ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy. Various mechanisms such as DNA adduct formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses are closely associated with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a key regulator of cellular energy metabolism and homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated associations between disturbance in intracellular NAD+ levels and clinical progression of various diseases through the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that reduction of the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio is critically involved in cisplatin-induced kidney damage through inflammation and oxidative stress and that increase of the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio suppresses cisplatin-induced kidney damage by modulation of potential damage mediators such as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In this review, we describe the role of NAD+ metabolism in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and discuss a potential strategy for the prevention or treatment of cisplatin-induced adverse effects with a particular focus on NAD+-dependent cellular pathways.
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48
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Chandramouly G, McDevitt S, Sullivan K, Kent T, Luz A, Glickman JF, Andrake M, Skorski T, Pomerantz RT. Small-Molecule Disruption of RAD52 Rings as a Mechanism for Precision Medicine in BRCA-Deficient Cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1491-1504. [PMID: 26548611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of RAD52 causes synthetic lethality in BRCA-deficient cells. Yet pharmacological inhibition of RAD52, which binds single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and lacks enzymatic activity, has not been demonstrated. Here, we identify the small molecule 6-hydroxy-DL-dopa (6-OH-dopa) as a major allosteric inhibitor of the RAD52 ssDNA binding domain. For example, we find that multiple small molecules bind to and completely transform RAD52 undecamer rings into dimers, which abolishes the ssDNA binding channel observed in crystal structures. 6-OH-Dopa also disrupts RAD52 heptamer and undecamer ring superstructures, and suppresses RAD52 recruitment and recombination activity in cells with negligible effects on other double-strand break repair pathways. Importantly, we show that 6-OH-dopa selectively inhibits the proliferation of BRCA-deficient cancer cells, including those obtained from leukemia patients. Taken together, these data demonstrate small-molecule disruption of RAD52 rings as a promising mechanism for precision medicine in BRCA-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurushankar Chandramouly
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shane McDevitt
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Katherine Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Tatiana Kent
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Antonio Luz
- High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Fraser Glickman
- High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark Andrake
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Richard T Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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49
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Young LM, Marzio A, Perez-Duran P, Reid DA, Meredith DN, Roberti D, Star A, Rothenberg E, Ueberheide B, Pagano M. TIMELESS Forms a Complex with PARP1 Distinct from Its Complex with TIPIN and Plays a Role in the DNA Damage Response. Cell Rep 2015; 13:451-459. [PMID: 26456830 PMCID: PMC4618055 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP1 is the main sensor of single- and double-strand breaks in DNA and, in building chains of poly(ADP-ribose), promotes the recruitment of many downstream signaling and effector proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). We show a robust physical interaction between PARP1 and the replication fork protein TIMELESS, distinct from the known TIMELESS-TIPIN complex, which activates the intra-S phase checkpoint. TIMELESS recruitment to laser-induced sites of DNA damage is dependent on its binding to PARP1, but not PARP1 activity. We also find that the PARP1-TIMELESS complex contains a number of established PARP1 substrates, and TIMELESS mutants unable to bind PARP1 are impaired in their ability to bind PARP1 substrates. Further, PARP1 binding to certain substrates and their recruitment to DNA damage lesions is impaired by TIMELESS knockdown, and TIMELESS silencing significantly impairs DNA double-strand break repair. We hypothesize that TIMELESS cooperates in the PARP1-mediated DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Young
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Antonio Marzio
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pablo Perez-Duran
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dylan A Reid
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel N Meredith
- Google, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94114 USA
| | - Domenico Roberti
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ayelet Star
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Proteomics Resource Center, Office of Collaborative Science, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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50
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Ciccarone F, Valentini E, Bacalini MG, Zampieri M, Calabrese R, Guastafierro T, Mariano G, Reale A, Franceschi C, Caiafa P. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in the epigenetic control of TET1 gene transcription. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10356-67. [PMID: 24939750 PMCID: PMC4279378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TET enzymes are the epigenetic factors involved in the formation of the sixth DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, whose deregulation has been associated with tumorigenesis. In particular, TET1 acts as tumor suppressor preventing cell proliferation and tumor metastasis and it has frequently been found down-regulated in cancer. Thus, considering the importance of a tight control of TET1 expression, the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of TET1 gene are here investigated. The involvement of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the control of DNA and histone methylation on TET1 gene was examined. PARP activity is able to positively regulate TET1 expression maintaining a permissive chromatin state characterized by DNA hypomethylation of TET1 CpG island as well as high levels of H3K4 trimethylation. These epigenetic modifications were affected by PAR depletion causing TET1 down-regulation and in turn reduced recruitment of TET1 protein on HOXA9 target gene. In conclusion, this work shows that PARP activity is a transcriptional regulator of TET1 gene through the control of epigenetic events and it suggests that deregulation of these mechanisms could account for TET1 repression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Valentini
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Bacalini
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Calabrese
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Guastafierro
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Germano Mariano
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Reale
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Caiafa
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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