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Ghaemi M, Soleimani F, Gholamipour S. Heavy metal and persistent organic pollutant profile of sediments from marine protected areas: the northern Persian Gulf. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120877-120891. [PMID: 37945966 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of the policy tools to support marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of marine resources. The distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals (HMs) in sediments of MPAs in the northern Persian Gulf, were evaluated for the first time in this study. The Σ16PAHs ranged from 4.65 to 20.86 μg/kg dry weight (dw). The molecular ratios and ring's pattern of PAHs suggested a mixed origin with a predominance of pyrogenic sources. The TPH concentration varied from 5.21 to 17.90 μg/g dw. Ecological risk assessment suggested that sediment samples in Bushehr Province's MPAs can be categorized as medium risk. The mean concentration of ∑18PCB was 0.345-0.419 ng/g dw, and the main components correspond to PCB-77, PCB-105, PCB-81, PCB-101, and PCB-114. The mean concentration of As, Co, Cr, Ni, V, Mg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Al, and Fe varied from 4.79 to 9.69, 2-12, 39-142, 18-90, 15-58, 184-425, 7-45.9, 6-42.4, 4-20 μg/g dw, 0.75-4.12%, and 0.35-1.62%, respectively. Multivariate analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, was used to analyze the analytical data and to identify possible pollution sources. The results of this study provided the background information on the extent of POP contamination in the sediment and highlighted the need to further control pollution in MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaemi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran, 1411813389, Iran.
| | - Farshid Soleimani
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran, 1411813389, Iran
- Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sara Gholamipour
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran, 1411813389, Iran
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2
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Cheshmvahm H, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Zarei M, Esmaeili HR, Hooda PS. Investigation of the concentration, origin and health effects of PAHs in the Anzali wetland: The most important coastal freshwater wetland of Iran. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115191. [PMID: 37356126 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentration of PAHs in 19 water samples, 34 sediment samples and 22 fish samples of Anzali Wetland, located in north of Iran. The average concentration of ∑PAHs in the wetland sediment was 89.19 μg/kg (8.28-806.64) and 78.31 ng/L (5.14-253.37) in the wetland water. Also, the average concentration of ∑PAHS in the muscle of the investigated fish in the wetland was 23 μg/kg (56.1 to 7.6). The source apportionment of PAHs in water and sediment considering isomeric ratios and statistical methods reveals the predominance of petrogenic origin of the compounds in water and pyrogenic origin in sediment. Overall, the level of contamination in fish is relatively low to moderate, considering ∑PAHs. The findings present clear evidence of low to moderate level of contamination in the wetland, the PAHs contamination however could cross their ecological thresholds in future unless control measures are taken to protect the wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Cheshmvahm
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Peter S Hooda
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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Dehvari M, Takdastan A, Jorfi S, Ahmadi M, Tahmasebi Birgani Y, Babaei AA. Distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons in superficial sediments of Karun River Basin, southwest of Iran: spatial and seasonal variations, source identification, and ecological risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:71-82. [PMID: 34781808 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) are common environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystems that tend to adsorb onto the sediments. This study aimed to monitor the concentration and assessment of contamination level of TPHs in the sediments of Karun River and Bahmanshir estuary, which will eventually flow into the Persian Gulf. GIS-mapping technique was used to indicate the distribution of TPHs. The samples were collected during dry and wet seasons at 15 monitoring stations. - The maximum amount of TPHs was obtained at station No. 14 in the dry season (225.29 μg/g). The indices of determining the pollution source showed that hydrocarbons in polluted areas were mainly of biogenic origin. Compared to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and contamination factor (Cf), the study area sediments were in the conditions of moderate pollution and had a low ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Dehvari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afshin Takdastan
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaser Tahmasebi Birgani
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Mora M, Walker TR, Willis R. Spatiotemporal characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in small craft harbour sediments in Nova Scotia, Canada. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113524. [PMID: 35279547 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals has been conducted in small craft harbour (SCH) sediments in Nova Scotia, Canada, but petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have not been spatiotemporally assessed. This study characterized the distribution of over 500 PHCs and PCBs samples in 31 SCHs sediments between 2000 and 2017. Federal and regional sediment quality guidelines were used to determine exceedances. Results showed exceedances for diesel and oil resembling PHCs, expected given their longer permanence in sediments and lower volatility. However, only 7% of the samples exceeded 500 ppm, threshold where benthic impairment is observed, showing low risk. PCBs do not pose high risk to biota since only six samples exceeded the higher effect level and 25% of them exceeded the lower effect one. Monitoring is recommended for SCHs with significant exceedances, as well as collectively assessing all contaminants characterized in SCHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mora
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rob Willis
- Dillon Consulting Limited, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3S 1B3, Canada
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Abbasi S, Sheikh Fakhradini S, Jaafarzadeh N, Ebrahimi P, Ashayeri SY. Eutrophication and sediment-water exchange of total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals of Hashilan wetland, a national heritage in NW Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27007-27025. [PMID: 34923615 PMCID: PMC8989912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal(loid)s concentrations in water and sediments were analyzed in the Hashilan wetland to assess the spatial distribution, pollution status, fate, partitioning, and ecological risk and also to identify the heavy metal(loid)s sources in sediments using PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) and APCs-MLR (absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression) receptor models. According to the pollution indices, (Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo), and (Zn, Cr, and Cu) are considered the most important pollutants in sediments and water, respectively. Ni, Cr, and Cu are the main contributors to ecological risks in sediments of some stations. The potential ecological risk assessment proposed low ecological risk in water of the study area. Higher distribution coefficient (Kp) values of Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Co, Pb, As, and Zn indicated the majority of these heavy metals present in the sediments; whereas, the majority of Cd concentration occurs in water. PMF and APCs-MLR results indicated the natural sources were the main factors affecting the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Zn, Al, Co, Fe, Pb, As, Cd and somewhat Cu. Mixed natural and agricultural activities are the main sources of Mo, and somewhat Cu. According to the results, there is low pollution of TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) in the sediment samples. Also, phosphate (PO42-) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations were below the recommended permissible limits at all sampling sites except the S8 station for NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sara Sheikh Fakhradini
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pooria Ebrahimi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Shirin Yavar Ashayeri
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
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Asejeje GI, Ipeaiyeda AR, Onianwa PC. Occurrence of BTEX from petroleum hydrocarbons in surface water, sediment, and biota from Ubeji Creek of Delta State, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15361-15379. [PMID: 33231851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum exploration and production activities pose great threat worldwide in the marine environment with numerous occurrences of spills every year. Ubeji Creek in Nigeria suffers environmental pollution attributable to petroleum exploration. The hydrocarbons in petroleum encompass a large number of toxicants such as BTEX, which are frequently discharged into water bodies during spillage. In terms of scope, this study assessed for the first time BTEX levels in surface water, sediment, and biota of the Ubeji Creek. Environmental samples were collected at designated sampling locations along the Ubeji Creek quarterly for 2 years. Water quality was determined in situ, while BTEX levels in water, sediment, and biota were assessed in the laboratory using GC-FID. The physico-chemical characteristics of water were within the acceptable WHO limits with the exception of DO of 3.01 ± 0.25 mg/L. Organic pollution load could have contributed to the depression of DO level below the limit. BTEX of 5.57 ± 0.62 mg/kg in sediment samples was higher than the level in control sample. The BTEX levels in fish, shrimps, pawpaw fruit, pineapple tissue, bitter leaf, and cassava were 0.37 ± 0.05, 0.39 ± 0.01, 0.56 ± 0.02, 1.35 ± 0.04, 0.46 ± 0.06, and 0.22 ± 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Accumulation of BTEX in this biota can affect their nutritive quality and consequently pose threat to humans who daily consume them.
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Vane CH, Kim AW, Emmings JF, Turner GH, Moss-Hayes V, Lort JA, Williams PJ. Grain size and organic carbon controls polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), mercury (Hg) and toxicity of surface sediments in the River Conwy Estuary, Wales, UK. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111412. [PMID: 32753196 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Conwy estuary was evaluated for sediment quality. Microtox bioassay revealed 38 of 39 sites were non-toxic. Hg ranged from 0.001 to 0.153 μg kg-1, mean 0.026 mg kg-1, Σ16 PAH from 18 to 1578 μg kg-1, mean 269 μg kg-1, Σ22 PAH, 18 to 1871 μg kg-1 mean to 312 μg kg-1, two sites had high perylene relative to ΣPAH. Σ22PAH correlated positively with TOC, clay and silt (R2 0.89, 0.92, 0.90) and negatively with sand. Multivariate statistics, delineated four spatial (site) and five variable (measurements) clusters. Spatial clustering relates to sediment grain size, in response to hydrodynamic processes in estuary; fine (clay to silt) sized sediments exhibit the highest Hg and PAH content, because these components partitioned into the fine fraction. Comparison to national and international environmental standards suggests Hg and PAH content of Conwy sediments are unlikely to harm ecology or transfer up into the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander W Kim
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | | | - Gren H Turner
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | | | - Jack A Lort
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Peter J Williams
- British Geological Survey, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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8
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Vane CH, Kim AW, Moss-Hayes V, Turner G, Mills K, Chenery SR, Barlow TS, Kemp AC, Engelhart SE, Hill TD, Horton BP, Brain M. Organic pollutants, heavy metals and toxicity in oil spill impacted salt marsh sediment cores, Staten Island, New York City, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110721. [PMID: 32056581 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediment cores from Staten Island's salt marsh contain multiple historical oil spill events that impact ecological health. Microtox solid phase bioassay indicated moderate to high toxicity. Multiple spikes of TPH (6524 to 9586 mg/kg) and Σ16 PAH (15.5 to 18.9 mg/kg) were co-incident with known oil spills. A high TPH background of 400-700 mg/kg was attributed to diffuse sources. Depth-profiled metals Cu (1243 mg/kg), Zn (1814 mg/kg), Pb (1140 mg/kg), Ni (109 mg/kg), Hg (7 mg/kg), Cd 15 (mg/kg) exceeded sediment quality guidelines confirming adverse biological effects. Changes in Pb206/207 suggested three metal contaminant sources and diatom assemblages responded to two contamination events. Organic and metal contamination in Saw Mill Creek Marsh may harm sensitive biota, we recommend caution in the management of the 20-50 cm sediment interval because disturbance could lead to remobilisation of pre-existing legacy contamination into the waterway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
| | - Alexander W Kim
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Vicky Moss-Hayes
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Grenville Turner
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Keely Mills
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Simon R Chenery
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Thomas S Barlow
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Andrew C Kemp
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Simon E Engelhart
- Department of Geography, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Troy D Hill
- United States Department of the Interior, South Florida Natural Resources Center, Homestead, FL 33030, USA
| | - Benjamin P Horton
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Matthew Brain
- Department of Geography, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Thomas MJ, Collinge E, Witt M, Palacio Lozano DC, Vane CH, Moss-Hayes V, Barrow MP. Petroleomic depth profiling of Staten Island salt marsh soil: 2ω detection FTICR MS offers a new solution for the analysis of environmental contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:852-862. [PMID: 30708300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Staten Island is located in one of the most densely populated regions of the US: the New York/New Jersey Estuary. Marine and industrial oil spills are commonplace in the area, causing the waterways and adjacent marshes to become polluted with a range of petroleum-related contaminants. Using Rock-Eval pyrolysis, the hydrocarbon impact on a salt marsh was assessed at regular intervals down to 90 cm, with several key sampling depths of interest identified for further analysis. Ultrahigh resolution data are obtained by direct infusion (DI) atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) on a 12 T solariX Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICR MS) allowing trends in the compositional profile with depth to be observed, such as changes in the relative hydrocarbon intensity and the relative contributions from oxygen- and sulfur-containing groups. These trends may correlate with the timing of major oil spills and leaks of petroleum and other industrial chemicals into the waterways. The use of gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a 7 T solariX 2XR FTICR MS equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ion source offers retention time resolved and extensive compositional information for the complex environmental samples complementary to that obtained by DI-APPI. The compositional profile observed using GC-APCI FTICR MS includes contributions from phosphorous-containing groups, which may be indicative of contamination from other anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Thomas
- MAS CDT, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Emma Collinge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Diana Catalina Palacio Lozano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Christopher H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, Keyworth NG12 5GG, UK.
| | - Vicky Moss-Hayes
- British Geological Survey, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, Keyworth NG12 5GG, UK.
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Sheikh Fakhradini S, Moore F, Keshavarzi B, Lahijanzadeh A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment of Hoor Al-Azim wetland, Iran: a focus on source apportionment, environmental risk assessment, and sediment-water partitioning. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:233. [PMID: 30900011 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The concentration, source, and ecological risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment samples in Hoor Al-Azim wetland, a significant freshwater wetland in Lower Mesopotamia, were evaluated. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 15.3 to 160.15 ng/L, and 15.78 to 410.2 μg/Kg in water and sediment, respectively. PAHs pollution levels in sediments compared with sediment quality guidelines (SQG) were found to be moderate in two stations and low in water and the rest of sediment stations. Based on the diagnostic ratio analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), the mean percentage contributions were 62.62% for mixed pyrogenic and petrogenic sources (e.g., unburned and combusted fossil fuels from fishing boats and vehicle engines, incomplete combustion, oil leakage), 20.68% for auto emission, and 16.7% for pyrogenic sources (fossil fuels and biomass combustion). According to the sediment risk assessment indices such as mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q), the ecological risk of multiple PAHs was low. Risk quotient (RQ) calculation of water samples suggested high ecological risk level for Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), and low to moderate for other individual PAHs and ΣPAHs. The result of PAHs partitioning between sediment and water phases revealed that most PAHs prefer to accumulate in sediment. Sediments probably act as a secondary source for some PAHs in the oil collection and pumping station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikh Fakhradini
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
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Wolfson SJ, Porter AW, Kerkhof LJ, McGuinness LM, Prince RC, Young LY. Sulfate-Reducing Naphthalene Degraders Are Picky Eaters. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030059. [PMID: 29941798 PMCID: PMC6163709 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common organic contaminants found in anoxic environments. The capacity for PAH biodegradation in unimpacted environments, however, has been understudied. Here we investigate the enrichment, selection, and sustainability of a microbial community from a pristine environment on naphthalene as the only amended carbon source. Pristine coastal sediments were obtained from the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve in Tuckerton, New Jersey, an ecological reserve which has no direct input or source of hydrocarbons. After an initial exposure to naphthalene, primary anaerobic transfer cultures completely degraded 500 µM naphthalene within 139 days. Subsequent transfer cultures mineralized naphthalene within 21 days with stoichiometric sulfate loss. Enriched cultures efficiently utilized only naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene from the hydrocarbon mixtures in crude oil. To determine the microorganisms responsible for naphthalene degradation, stable isotope probing was utilized on cultures amended with fully labeled 13C-naphthalene as substrate. Three organisms were found to unambiguously synthesize 13C-DNA from 13C-naphthalene within 7 days. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16S rRNA genes from two of these organisms are closely related to the known naphthalene degrading isolates NaphS2 and NaphS3 from PAH-contaminated sites. A third 16S rRNA gene was only distantly related to its closest relative and may represent a novel naphthalene degrading microbe from this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Wolfson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Abigail W Porter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Lee J Kerkhof
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Lora M McGuinness
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | | | - Lily Y Young
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Kim AW, Vane CH, Moss-Hayes V, Engelhart SE, Kemp AC. PAH, PCB, TPH and mercury in surface sediments of the Delaware River Estuary and Delmarva Peninsula, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:835-845. [PMID: 29033171 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediment concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and mercury, were compared from two areas with contrasting land use history, the industrial Delaware Estuary and the rural Delmarva Peninsula (USA). TPH in the Delaware (38-616mg/kg) and saturate/aromatic fractions suggested petroleum/industrial sources compared to biogenic sources in the Delmarva coastal control (<34-159mg/kg). Within the Delaware the ∑PAH18 ranged from 3749 to 22,324μg/kg with isomeric ratios indicative of petroleum combustion source/s, conversely, those in the Delmarva (5-2139μg/kg) also yielded relatively higher perylene that were consistent with natural background levels derived from vegetation/coal combustion source/s. ∑PCB(tri-hepta) concentrations in the Delmarva (0.6-6.5μg/kg) were less than the threshold effect concentration (TEC), whereas the Delaware had received much higher PCB loading (18.1-136.8μg/kg) as evidenced by a significantly higher amounts in some samples (>TEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Kim
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
| | - C H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - V Moss-Hayes
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - S E Engelhart
- Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - A C Kemp
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Adeniji AO, Okoh OO, Okoh AI. Petroleum Hydrocarbon Profiles of Water and Sediment of Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101263. [PMID: 29053634 PMCID: PMC5664764 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbon profiles of water and sediment samples of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were assessed using standard analytical procedures. Water (from surface and bottom levels) and sediment samples were collected from five locations in the bay from February to June 2016. Extraction of the petroleum hydrocarbons from the water and sediment samples collected was achieved using liquid-liquid and Soxhlet extraction techniques, respectively, followed by column clean up. Target compounds were analytically determined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and quantified by integrating the areas of both the resolved and unresolved components. Physicochemical properties of the water samples were also determined on site using a SeaBird 19plusV2 CTD SBE 55 device. Estimated limit of detection, limit of quantitation and relative standard deviation for the 35 n-alkane standards ranged from 0.06 to 0.13 μg/L, 0.30 to 0.69 μg/L and 3.61 to 8.32%, respectively. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) varied from 45.07 to 307 μg/L in the water and 0.72 to 27.03 mg/kg in the sediments. The mean concentrations of TPH in both the water and sediment samples from Algoa Bay revealed a slight level of pollution. The diagnostic indices used showed that the hydrocarbons in the area were from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Hence, there is need for adequate regulation and control of all activities contributing to the levels of petroleum hydrocarbon in the marine environment for the safety of human, aquatic and wild lives in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Omobola O Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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Tombesi N, Pozo K, Álvarez M, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Audy O, Klánová J. Tracking polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments and soils from the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (South eastern part of the GRULAC region). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1470-1476. [PMID: 27780594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PCBs and PBDEs (7 and 10 congeners, respectively) were analyzed in four coastal surface sediments collected from the northern shore of Bahía Blanca estuary and in nine soils from different locations of Bahía Blanca city and the surrounding region (Southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). Sediment samples showed PCBs(Σ7) concentrations ranged from 0.61 to 17.6ngg-1 (dry weight=dw) and PBDEs(Σ10) from 0.16 to 2.02ngg-1 dw, whereas in soil samples ranged from 0.04 to 1.67ngg-1 dw for PCBs(Σ7) and 0.04 to 10.7ngg-1 dw for PBDEs(Σ10). The highest concentrations of both chemicals were detected in the urban and industrial/port areas showing a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCB congeners: in sediments for PCB-180 (56±33%) and PCB-153 (11±6%); and in soils for PCB-138 (23±3%), PCB-153 (22±2%) and PCB-180 (18±7%). In contrast, lower chlorinated PCB congeners were predominant at more distant sites; in sediments for congeners PCB-28 (33±4%) and PCB-52 (14.5±0.2%); and in soils PCB-28 (56±14%) and PCB-52 (33±19%). PBDE-209 (high brominated PBDE) showed the highest relative abundance in both sample types i.e., sediment (94±7%) and soil (80±12%). These findings can be considered lower or similar when compared with other sites of the world, and are likely associated with anthropogenic activities in their surrounding area, which has experienced a fast industrial growth in the last decade. This is the first investigation of PBDEs levels in the whole study area and of PCBs in soils from the Bahía Blanca city and surrounding region. This article provides new and useful information on POP levels in the South eastern part of the GRULAC region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Tombesi
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Química, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias, Alonso de Ribera 2850, 407 01 29 Concepción, Chile; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mónica Álvarez
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Química, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Analytical Methods for the Determination of the Distribution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Water and Sediment of Aquatic Systems: A Review. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/5178937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several methods of extraction and analytical determination for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHCs) in aqueous and solid samples are reviewed. Infrared spectroscopy is one of the efficient methods that are being replaced today pursuant to getting rid of some halogenated solvents classified as ozone-depleting substances. The gravimetric method which uses n-hexane as an extraction solvent for the determination of oil and grease, as well as the nonpolar materials, has become a preferred choice, despite being not suitable for volatiles because of the mandatory evaporation step. Other frequently used methods include gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (FID) or mass spectrometric detector (MSD) which has the capacity to reveal the type of hydrocarbons present and is applicable to both volatile and semivolatile samples. Ultraviolet fluorescence is another method that is available both as a portable field device and as off-site laboratory equipment. Each of the methods has its own advantages and disadvantages; hence, the choice of method is guided by the type of data needed as discussed in detail in this review. The distribution of TPHC in water and sediments across the globe and the factors influencing the distribution were also reviewed.
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16
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Akhbarizadeh R, Moore F, Keshavarzi B, Moeinpour A. Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons risk assessment in coastal water and sediments of Khark Island, SW Iran. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:33-45. [PMID: 27207022 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential sources and ecotoxicological risks of 26 aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were investigated in coastal water and sediments of Khark Island, SW Iran. The major sources of the contamination were petroleum and petroleum combustion based on the PCA analysis and diagnostic indices of AHs and PAHs, and also ring classification of PAHs. The ecological risk of both individual and multiple PAHs was quite low in sediments compared with screening benchmarks. Likewise, the low concentration of TEQ, MEQ and TEQ(carc) of sediments suggest low toxicity of PAHs in the study area. However, environmental control is recommended to reduce the pollution burden of PAHs in seawater. The human health risk assessment for PAHs through dermal adsorption indicated that the possibility of negative adverse effects of PAHs in sediments is rare but swimming in the vicinity of industrial facilities should be done cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razegheh Akhbarizadeh
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Moeinpour
- Health, Safety and the Environment (HSE), Department of Iranian Oil Terminal Company (IOTC), Khark, Iran
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17
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Romanok KM, Szabo Z, Reilly TJ, Defne Z, Ganju NK. Sediment chemistry and toxicity in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey: Pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-13. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:472-488. [PMID: 27158047 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hurricane Sandy made landfall in Barnegat Bay, October, 29, 2012, damaging shorelines and infrastructure. Estuarine sediment chemistry and toxicity were investigated before and after to evaluate potential environmental health impacts and to establish post-event baseline sediment-quality conditions. Trace element concentrations increased throughout Barnegat Bay up to two orders of magnitude, especially north of Barnegat Inlet, consistent with northward redistribution of silt. Loss of organic compounds, clay, and organic carbon is consistent with sediment winnowing and transport through the inlets and sediment transport modeling results. The number of sites exceeding sediment quality guidance levels for trace elements tripled post-Sandy. Sediment toxicity post-Sandy was mostly unaffected relative to pre-Sandy conditions, but at the site with the greatest relative increase for trace elements, survival rate of the test amphipod decreased (indicating degradation). This study would not have been possible without comprehensive baseline data enabling the evaluation of storm-derived changes in sediment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Romanok
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States.
| | - Timothy J Reilly
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States
| | - Zafer Defne
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02453, United States
| | - Neil K Ganju
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02453, United States
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18
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Ng K, Szabo Z, Reilly PA, Barringer JL, Smalling KL. An assessment of mercury in estuarine sediment and tissue in Southern New Jersey using public domain data. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:22-35. [PMID: 27158049 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is considered a contaminant of global concern for coastal environments due to its toxicity, widespread occurrence in sediment, and bioaccumulation in tissue. Coastal New Jersey, USA, is characterized by shallow bays and wetlands that provide critical habitat for wildlife but share space with expanding urban landscapes. This study was designed as an assessment of the magnitude and distribution of Hg in coastal New Jersey sediments and critical species using publicly available data to highlight potential data gaps. Mercury concentrations in estuary sediments can exceed 2μg/g and correlate with concentrations of other metals. Based on existing data, the concentrations of Hg in mussels in southern New Jersey are comparable to those observed in other urbanized Atlantic Coast estuaries. Lack of methylmercury data for sediments, other media, and tissues are data gaps needing to be filled for a clearer understanding of the impacts of Hg inputs to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Ng
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States; The City College of New York, The Graduate Center, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, New York, NY 10016, United States; The City College of New York, Division of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States.
| | - Pamela A Reilly
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States
| | - Julia L Barringer
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States
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19
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Wang X, Xu H, Zhou Y, Wu C, Kanchanopas-Barnette P. Distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from Zhoushan Archipelago and Xiangshan Harbor, East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 101:895-902. [PMID: 26563544 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zhoushan Archipelago and the adjacent Xiangshan Harbor are important commercial, tourism, fishing, and mariculture areas. Considering the concern on the effects of anthropogenic activities on the environment, the level and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments were investigated. The sum of 16 PAH (∑16 PAH) concentrations in the Zhoushan Archipelago ranged from 3.67 to 31.30 ng g(-1) d.w., with a mean of 15.01 ± 1.21 ng g(-1) d.w., and that in Xiangshan Harbor varied from 11.58 to 481.44 ng g(-1) d.w., with a mean of 62.52 ± 32.85 ng g(-1) d.w. Diagnostic ratios and factor analysis were performed to identify PAH sources. Results show that PAHs have mixed origins (i.e., traffic-related sources, coal combustion, petrogenic sources, and biomass burning), with pyrolytic-related pollution as the dominant source. This study provided a baseline to promote environmental protection and pollution episode monitoring in the East China Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China; Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
| | - Huanzhi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China.
| | - Yongdong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316004, PR China.
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, PR China.
| | - Praparsiri Kanchanopas-Barnette
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; The Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok, Thailand.
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20
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Le Bihanic F, Sommard V, Perrine DL, Pichon A, Grasset J, Berrada S, Budzinski H, Cousin X, Morin B, Cachot J. Environmental concentrations of benz[a]anthracene induce developmental defects and DNA damage and impair photomotor response in Japanese medaka larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:321-8. [PMID: 25528488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) is a ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in numerous aquatic ecosystems. However, ecotoxicological data in aquatic organisms are scarce. To remedy this lack of data, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to BaA and toxic effects were investigated at multiple toxicological endpoints. Japanese medaka embryos were incubated onto BaA-spiked artificial sediment for 9 days at low or moderate environmental concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 12 µgg(-1) dw. BaA-exposed embryos exhibited significant tachycardia. BaA exposure was also shown to increase CYP1A activity in the hepato-biliary tissue as well as craniofacial deformities and DNA damage in pro-larvae. The photomotor response of BaA-exposed larvae was reduced in comparison to the control group. According to this set of tests, the lowest tested and observed effect concentration (LOEC) for Japanese medaka early life stages was equivalent to 0.92 µgg(-1) dw of BaA. This concentration fall into the range of concentrations frequently encountered in sediments of polluted aquatic ecosystems. Taking into consideration these results, BaA represents a threat for fish early life stages in particular those developing onto or into contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivien Sommard
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | | | - Anaïk Pichon
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Julie Grasset
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | | | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- IFREMER, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France; INRA LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33405 Talence, France.
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21
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Zhou R, Qin X, Peng S, Deng S. Total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay, China: long-term variations in pollution status and adverse biological risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 83:290-297. [PMID: 24837025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediments collected from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and five heavy metals. The sediment concentration ranges of TPH, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg were 6.3-535 μg/g, 58-332 μg/g, 7.2-63 μg/g, 4.3-138 μg/g, 0-0.98μg/g, and 0.10-0.68 μg/g, respectively. These results met the highest marine sediment quality standards in China, indicating that the sediment was fairly clean. However, based on the effects range-median (ERM) quotient method, the calculated values for all of the sampling sites were higher than 0.10, suggesting that there was a potential adverse biological risk in Bohai Bay. According to the calculated results, the biological risk decreased from 2001 to 2007 and increased afterwards. High-risk sites were mainly distributed along the coast. This study suggests that anthropogenic influences might be responsible for the potential risk of adverse biological effects from TPH and heavy metals in Bohai Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Xuebo Qin
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shitao Peng
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- College of Resource and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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22
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Vane CH, Rawlins BG, Kim AW, Moss-Hayes V, Kendrick CP, Leng MJ. Sedimentary transport and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from managed burning of moorland vegetation on a blanket peat, South Yorkshire, UK. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 449:81-94. [PMID: 23416203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from managed burning of moorland vegetation and compares them to PAH in catchment vegetation, underlying peats, head water suspended sediment (HSS), stream water and reservoir sediment cores. Total PAH ranged from 203 to 11,112 μg/kg in the blanket peats, 101-290 μg/kg in the fresh moorland vegetation, 4186 μg/kg at the burnt site, 17,439 μg/kg in the HSS, 56 ng/L in the stream water and 987 to 7346 μg/kg in the reservoir sediments. No total or individual PAH concentrations exceeded the published sediment quality guidelines. The perylene content of selected moorland vegetation (sphagnum, heather and bilberry) ranged from 10 to 18% as compared to only 2% for the sediment hosted PAH. A comparison of whole and <250 μm fractions from the burnt surface layer revealed a near threefold increase in PAH concentration in the fine fraction and a change in the PAH distribution such that naphthalene>>phenanthrene>2-methylnaphthalene. Elevated total PAH contents were observed close to the blanket peat sediment surface (0-10 cm) and then declined at greater depths. The high PAH content of the HSS was attributed to the high sorption capacity of the organic-rich particles (TOC 25.8% (wt/wt)). The distribution of individual PAH in reservoir cores and HSS was consistent and the results of the principal component analysis and isomeric ratios suggest mainly pyrolytic inputs, from either vegetation burning and coal combustion. A comparison of the reservoir core PAH profiles shows that the source(s) have remained largely unchanged since the reservoir construction in 1929A.D. reflecting consistent moorland management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.
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23
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Chatain V, Blanc D, Borschneck D, Delolme C. Determining the experimental leachability of copper, lead, and zinc in a harbor sediment and modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:66-74. [PMID: 23086130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential leaching of pollutants present in harbor sediments has to be evaluated in order to choose the best practices for managing them. Little is known about the speciation and mobility of heavy metals in these specific solid materials. The objective of this paper is to determine and model the leachability of copper, lead, and zinc present in harbor sediments in order to obtain essential new data. The mobility of inorganic contaminants in a polluted harbor sediment collected in France was investigated as a function of physicochemical conditions. The investigation relied mainly on the use of leaching tests performed in combination with mineralogical analysis and thermodynamic modeling using PHREEQC. The modeling phase was dedicated to both confirm the hypothesis formulated to explain the experimental results and improve the determination of the main physico-chemical parameters governing mobility. The experimental results and modeling showed that the release of copper, lead, and zinc is very low with deionized water which is due to the stability of the associated solid phases (organic matter, carbonate minerals, and/or iron sulfides) at natural slightly basic conditions. However, increased mobilization is observed under pH values below 6.0 and above 10.0. This methodology helped to consistently obtain the geochemical parameters governing the mobility of the contaminants studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chatain
- INSA-Lyon, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale LGCIE, Université de Lyon, 20 avenue Albert Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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Tobiszewski M, Namieśnik J. PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 162:110-9. [PMID: 22243855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 899] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) diagnostic ratios have recently come into common use as a tool for identifying and assessing pollution emission sources. Some diagnostic ratios are based on parent PAHs, others on the proportions of alkyl-substituted to non-substituted molecules. The ratios are applicable to PAHs determined in different environmental media: air (gas + particle phase), water, sediment, soil, as well as biomonitor organisms such as leaves or coniferous needles, and mussels. These ratios distinguish PAH pollution originating from petroleum products, petroleum combustion and biomass or coal burning. The compounds involved in each ratio have the same molar mass, so it is assumed they have similar physicochemical properties. Numerous studies show that diagnostic ratios change in value to different extents during phase transfers and environmental degradation. The paper reviews applications of diagnostic ratios, comments on their use and specifies their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Tobiszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Gdańsk, Poland.
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25
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Vane CH, Chenery SR, Harrison I, Kim AW, Moss-Hayes V, Jones DG. Chemical signatures of the Anthropocene in the Clyde estuary, UK: sediment-hosted Pb, (207/206)Pb, total petroleum hydrocarbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl pollution records. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:1085-111. [PMID: 21282161 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The sediment concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Pb and (207/206)Pb isotope ratios were measured in seven cores from the middle Clyde estuary (Scotland, UK) with an aim of tracking the late Anthropocene. Concentrations of TPHs ranged from 34 to 4386 mg kg(-1), total PAHs from 19 to 16,163 μg kg(-1) and total PCBs between less than 4.3 to 1217 μg kg(-1). Inventories, distributions and isomeric ratios of the organic pollutants were used to reconstruct pollutant histories. Pre-Industrial Revolution and modern non-polluted sediments were characterized by low TPH and PAH values as well as high relative abundance of biogenic-sourced phenanthrene and naphthalene. The increasing industrialization of the Clyde gave rise to elevated PAH concentrations and PAH isomeric ratios characteristic of both grass/wood/coal and petroleum and combustion (specifically petroleum combustion). Overall, PAHs had the longest history of any of the organic contaminants. Increasing TPH concentrations and a concomitant decline in PAHs mirrored the lessening of coal use and increasing reliance on petroleum fuels from about the 1950s. Thereafter, declining hydrocarbon pollution was followed by the onset (1950s), peak (1965-1977) and decline (post-1980s) in total PCB concentrations. Lead concentrations ranged from 6 to 631 mg kg(-1), while (207/206)Pb isotope ratios spanned 0.838-0.876, indicative of various proportions of 'background', British ore/coal and Broken Hill type petrol/industrial lead. A chronology was established using published Pb isotope data for aerosol-derived Pb and applied to the cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
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Hsieh CY, Lee CL, Kuo WC, Chen TC, Wang YK, Yu BY. PCBs in Donggang River Watershed sediments, Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:480-489. [PMID: 21469008 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.551727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in the sediments of the Donggang River Watershed, one of the most polluted bodies of water in southern Taiwan. Field data showed that detectable concentrations of 121 PCB congeners were found and total PCBs were measured in 32 out of 33 samples, and 98 congeners were detected. The total concentrations of PCBs in the sediment ranged from 25.5-63.5 ngg(-1) dw with a geometric mean ± standard deviation of 4.00 ± 1.73 ngg(-1) dw, with one sample below the detection limit. The highest concentration (20.79 ngg(-1) dw) was found at the most downstream sampling site near the head of the estuary, while average levels were highest at the tributary sampling site, ranging from 8.81-019.4 ngg(-1) dw. In general, the average concentrations in the tributary sampling sites were higher than those in the main stem sampling sites, which were 24.02 ± 10.15 and 19.97 ± 8.9 ngg(-1) dw, respectively. Among the 121 congeners, congener 1, 3, 22, 25, 33, 21, 53, 47, 41, 64, 71, 107, 136, 146, 158, 157, 200, 172, 189, 207, 205, 206, and 209 were all below the detection limit and were not found in any samples. Congeners 191, 85, and 26 were the most commonly detected, however, PCB 26, 12+13, and 52 were the most abundant congeners and contributed 11.5, 8.4, and 6.96% to the total PCBs, respectively. The results indicated that trace PCBs were still detectable in the sediment of the Donggang River and its tributaries. However, the concentrations were considerably lower than those found in other studies of nearby areas in Taiwan and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Y Hsieh
- Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Vane CH, Jones DG, Lister TR. Mercury contamination in surface sediments and sediment cores of the Mersey Estuary, UK. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:940-946. [PMID: 19356771 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
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