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Caneos WG, Shrivastava J, Ndugwa M, De Boeck G. Physiological responses of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to increased carbon dioxide and reduced seawater salinities. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:496. [PMID: 38587695 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The iono- and osmoregulatory capacities of marine teleosts, such as European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) are expected to be challenged by high carbon dioxide exposure, and the adverse effects of elevated CO2 could be amplified when such fish migrate into less buffered hypo-osmotic estuarine environments. Therefore, the effects of increased CO2 on the physiological responses of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) acclimated to 32 ppt, 10 ppt and 2.5 ppt were investigated. METHODS Following acclimation to different salinities for two weeks, fish were exposed to present-day (400 µatm) and future (1000 µatm) atmospheric CO2 for 1, 3, 7 and 21 days. Blood pH, plasma ions (Na+, K+, Cl-), branchial mRNA expression of ion transporters such as Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporters (NKCC) and ammonia transporters (e.g. Rhesus glycoproteins Rhbg, Rhcg1 and Rhcg2) were examined to understand the iono- and osmoregulatory consequences of elevated CO2. RESULTS A transient but significant increase in the blood pH of exposed fish acclimated at 10 ppt (day 1) and 2.5 ppt (day 21) was observed possibly due to an overshoot of the blood HCO3- accumulation while a significant reduction of blood pH was observed after 21 days at 2.5ppt. However, no change was seen at 32 ppt. Generally, Na + concentration of control fish was relatively higher at 10 ppt and lower at 2.5 ppt compared to 32 ppt control group at all sampling periods. Additionally, NKA was upregulated in gill of juvenile sea bass when acclimated to lower salinities compared to 32 ppt control group. CO2 exposure generally downregulated NKA mRNA expression at 32ppt (day 1), 10 ppt (days 3, 7 and 21) and 2.5ppt (days 1 and 7) and also a significant reduction of NKCC mRNA level of the exposed fish acclimated at 32 ppt (1-3 days) and 10 ppt (7-21 days) was observed. Furthermore, Rhesus glycoproteins were generally upregulated in the fish acclimated at lower salinities indicating a higher dependance on gill ammonia excretion. Increased CO2 led to a reduced expression of Rhbg and may therefore reduce ammonia excretion rate. CONCLUSION Juvenile sea bass were relatively successful in keeping acid base balance under an ocean acidification scenario. However, this came at a cost for ionoregulation with reduced NKA, NKCC and Rhbg expression rates as a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Caneos
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, BE-2020, Belgium.
- Fisheries Department, College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Mindanao State University-Marawi, Marawi City, 9700, Philippines.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines.
| | - Jyotsna Shrivastava
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, BE-2020, Belgium
| | - Moses Ndugwa
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, BE-2020, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, BE-2020, Belgium
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Roussel S, Coheleach M, Martin S, Day R, Badou A, Huchette S, Dubois P, Servili A, Gaillard F, Auzoux-Bordenave S. From reproductive behaviour to responses to predators: Ocean acidification does not impact the behaviour of an herbivorous marine gastropod. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167526. [PMID: 37793449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), which reduces ocean pH and leads to substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, may strongly impact organisms, especially those with carbonate skeletons. In marine molluscs, while the physiological effects of OA are well known, with a reduction of growth and shell calcification, there are few studies on behavioural effects. A large marine gastropod, Haliotis tuberculata, was exposed to ambient (pHT 8.0) or low pH (pHT 7.7) during a 5-month experiment. Because animal fitness can be affected through various behavioural changes, a broad spectrum of behavioural parameters was investigated, including situations involving no stress, responses to predators, righting to evaluate indirectly the level of energy reserves, and finally, reproductive behaviour. In addition, we measured the expression profile of the GABA A-like and serotonin receptor genes, often described as central neuromodulators of sensory performance and behaviour and known to be affected by OA in molluscs. No significant effect of low pH as compared to ambient pH was observed on abalone behaviour for any of these behavioural traits or gene expressions after either one week or several months of exposure to OA. The significance tests were corroborated by estimating the size of pH effects. The behaviour of this mollusc appears not to be affected by pH decrease expected by the end of the century, suggesting some resilience of the species to OA at the adult stage. This is probably related to the ecological niche of this abalone, where important pH variations can be observed at tidal, diurnal or seasonal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Roussel
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané F-29280, France.
| | - Manon Coheleach
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Plouzané F-29280, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- UMR 7144 "Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin" (AD2M), CNRS/SU, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex 29680, France
| | - Rob Day
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Aicha Badou
- Direction Générale Déléguée à la Recherche, l'Expertise, la Valorisation et l'Enseignement (DGD REVE), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Station marine de Concarneau, Concarneau 29900, France
| | | | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels CP160/15 1050, Belgium
| | - Arianna Servili
- IFREMER, Université de Brest, CNRS, Plouzané IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, France
| | - Fanny Gaillard
- UMR 7144 "Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin" (AD2M), CNRS/SU, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff Cedex 29680, France
| | - Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques" (BOREA), MNHN/CNRS/SU/IRD, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Station Marine de Concarneau, Concarneau 29900, France
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3
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Borges FO, Sampaio E, Santos CP, Rosa R. Climate-Change Impacts on Cephalopods: A Meta-Analysis. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1240-1265. [PMID: 37468442 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from being one of the most fascinating groups of marine organisms, cephalopods play a major role in marine food webs, both as predators and as prey, while representing key living economic assets, namely for artisanal and subsistence fisheries worldwide. Recent research suggests that cephalopods are benefitting from ongoing environmental changes and the overfishing of certain fish stocks (i.e., of their predators and/or competitors), putting forward the hypothesis that this group may be one of the few "winners" of climate change. While many meta-analyses have demonstrated negative and overwhelming consequences of ocean warming (OW), acidification (OA), and their combination for a variety of marine taxa, such a comprehensive analysis is lacking for cephalopod molluscs. In this context, the existing literature was surveyed for peer-reviewed articles featuring the sustained (≥24 h) and controlled exposure of cephalopod species (Cephalopoda class) to these factors, applying a comparative framework of mixed-model meta-analyses (784 control-treatment comparisons, from 47 suitable articles). Impacts on a wide set of biological categories at the individual level (e.g., survival, metabolism, behavior, cell stress, growth) were evaluated and contrasted across different ecological attributes (i.e., taxonomic lineages, climates, and ontogenetic stages). Contrary to what is commonly assumed, OW arises as a clear threat to cephalopods, while OA exhibited more restricted impacts. In fact, OW impacts were ubiquitous across different stages of ontogeny, taxonomical lineages (i.e., octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish). These results challenge the assumption that cephalopods benefit from novel ocean conditions, revealing an overarching negative impact of OW in this group. Importantly, we also identify lingering literature gaps, showing that most studies to date focus on OW and early life stages of mainly temperate species. Our results raise the need to consolidate experimental efforts in a wider variety of taxa, climate regions, life stages, and other key environmental stressors, such as deoxygenation and hypoxia, to better understand how cephalopods will cope with future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Borges
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Sampaio
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Universitatsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitatsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Catarina P Santos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Environmental Economics Knowledge Center, Nova School of Business and Economics, New University of Lisbon, Carcavelos 2775-405, Portugal
- Sphyrna Association, Boa Vista Island, Sal Rei, Cape Verde
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa1 749-016, Portugal
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Sundin J. The effects of ocean acidification on fishes - history and future outlook. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:765-772. [PMID: 36648022 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) on the Earth's temperature have been known since the end of the 19th century. It was long believed that the oceans' buffering capacity would counteract any effects of dissolved CO2 in marine environments, but during recent decades, many studies have reported detrimental effects of ocean acidification on aquatic organisms. The most prominent effects can be found within the field of behavioural ecology, e.g., complete reversal of predator avoidance behaviour in CO2 -exposed coral reef fish. Some of the studies have been very influential, receiving hundreds of citations over recent years. The results have also been conveyed to policymakers and publicized in prominent media outlets for the general public. Those extreme effects of ocean acidification on fish behaviour have, however, spurred controversy, given that more than a century of research suggests that there are few or no negative effects of elevated CO2 on fish physiology. This is due to sophisticated acid-base regulatory mechanisms that should enable their resilience to near-future increases in CO2 . In addition, an extreme "decline effect" has recently been shown in the literature regarding ocean acidification and fish behaviour, and independent research groups have been unable to replicate some of the most profound effects. Here, the author presents a brief historical overview on the effects of elevated CO2 and ocean acidification on fishes. This historical recap is warranted because earlier work, prior to a recent (c. 10 year) explosion in interest, is often overlooked in today's ocean acidification studies, despite its value to the field. Based on the historical data and the current knowledge status, the author suggests future strategies with the aim to improve research rigour and clarify the understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Sundin
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, Sweden
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5
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Greatorex R, Knights AM. Differential effects of ocean acidification and warming on biological functioning of a predator and prey species may alter future trophic interactions. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 186:105903. [PMID: 36841179 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Independently, ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) from increased anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide are argued to be two of the greatest threats to marine organisms. Increasingly, their interaction (ocean acidification and warming, OAW) is shown to have wide-ranging consequences to biological functioning, population and community structure, species interactions and ecosystem service provision. Here, using a multi-trophic experiment, we tested the effects of future OAW scenarios on two widespread intertidal species, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and its predator Nucella lapillus. Results indicate negative consequences of OAW on the growth, feeding and metabolic rate of M. edulis and heightened predation risk. In contrast, Nucella growth and metabolism was unaffected and feeding increased under OAW but declined under OW suggesting OA may offset warming consequences. Should this differential response between the two species to OAW, and specifically greater physiological costs to the prey than its predator come to fruition in the nature, fundamental change in ecosystem structure and functioning could be expected as trophic interactions become disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Greatorex
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Antony M Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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Identification and Characterization of 5-HT Receptor 1 from Scylla paramamosain: The Essential Roles of 5-HT and Its Receptor Gene during Aggressive Behavior in Crab Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044211. [PMID: 36835632 PMCID: PMC9960410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) play an important role in the aggressive behavior of crustaceans. In mammals and birds, 5-HT and its receptor genes (5-HTRs) are characterized as essential regulators involved in neural signaling pathways during aggressive behavior. However, only one 5-HTR transcript has been reported in crabs. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the 5-HTR1 gene, named Sp5-HTR1, was first isolated from the muscle of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. The transcript encoded a peptide of 587 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 63.36 kDa. Western blot results indicate that the 5-HTR1 protein was expressed at the highest level in the thoracic ganglion. Furthermore, the results of quantitative real-time PCR show that the expression levels of Sp5-HTR1 in the ganglion at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after 5-HT injection were significantly upregulated compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the behavioral changes in 5-HT-injected crabs were analyzed with EthoVision. After 0.5 h of injection, the speed and movement distance of the crab, the duration of aggressive behavior, and the intensity of aggressiveness in the low-5-HT-concentration injection group were significantly higher than those in the saline-injection and control groups (p < 0.05). In this study, we found that the Sp5-HTR1 gene plays a role in the regulation of aggressive behavior by BAs, including 5-HT in the mud crab. The results provide reference data for the analysis of the genetic mechanism of aggressive behaviors in crabs.
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Bass AV, Falkenberg LJ. Contrasting behavioural responses to ocean acidification and warming have the potential to disrupt herbivory. CLIMATE CHANGE ECOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecochg.2023.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Spatafora D, Cattano C, Aglieri G, Quattrocchi F, Turco G, Quartararo G, Dudemaine J, Calosi P, Milazzo M. Limited behavioural effects of ocean acidification on a Mediterranean anemone goby (Gobius incognitus) chronically exposed to elevated CO 2 levels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 181:105758. [PMID: 36183457 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An in situ reciprocal transplant experiment was carried around a volcanic CO2 vent to evaluate the anti-predator responses of an anemone goby species exposed to ambient (∼380 μatm) and high (∼850 μatm) CO2 sites. Overall, the anemone gobies displayed largely unaffected behaviors under high-CO2 conditions suggesting an adaptive potential of Gobius incognitus to ocean acidification (OA) conditions. This is also supported by its 3-fold higher density recorded in the field under high CO2. However, while fish exposed to ambient conditions showed an expected reduction in the swimming activity in the proximity of the predator between the pre- and post-exposure period, no such changes were detected in any of the other treatments where fish experienced acute and long-term high CO2. This may suggest an OA effect on the goby antipredator strategy. Our findings contribute to the ongoing debate over the need for realistic predictions of the impacts of expected increased CO2 concentration on fish, providing evidence from a natural high CO2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Spatafora
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, I-90123, Palermo, Italy; Shimoda Marine Research Centre, Tsukuba University, Shimoda City, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan.
| | - Carlo Cattano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Sicily, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Aglieri
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Sicily, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Quattrocchi
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council CNR, Mazara del Vallo (TP), Italy
| | - Gabriele Turco
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Quartararo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jeanne Dudemaine
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, I-90123, Palermo, Italy
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Fu CW, Horng JL, Chou MY. Fish Behavior as a Neural Proxy to Reveal Physiological States. Front Physiol 2022; 13:937432. [PMID: 35910555 PMCID: PMC9326089 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.937432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behaviors are the integrative outcomes of the nervous system, which senses and responds to the internal physiological status and external stimuli. Teleosts are aquatic organisms which are more easily affected by the surrounding environment compared to terrestrial animals. To date, behavioral tests have been widely used to assess potential environmental risks using fish as model animals. In this review, we summarized recent studies regarding the effects of internal and external stimuli on fish behaviors. We concluded that behaviors reflect environmental and physiological changes, which have possible implications for environmental and physiological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Fu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Chou
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ming-Yi Chou,
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Manríquez PH, Jara ME, González CP, Jeno K, Domenici P, Watson SA, Duarte C, Brokordt K. Multiple-stressor effects of ocean acidification, warming and predation risk cues on the early ontogeny of a rocky-shore keystone gastropod. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:118918. [PMID: 35227850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To understand how climate change stressors might affect marine organisms and support adequate projections it is important to know how multiple stressors may be modulated by the presence of other species. We evaluated the direct effects of ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA) together with non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of the predatory crab Acanthocyclus hassleri on early ontogeny fitness-related traits of the commercially important rocky-shore keystone gastropod Concholepas concholepas. We measured the response of nine traits to these stressors at either the organismal level (survival, growth, feeding rates, tenacity, metabolic rate, calcification rate) or sub-organismal level (nutritional status, ATP-supplying capacity, stress condition). C. concholepas survival was not affected by any of the stressors. Feeding rates were not affected by OW or OA; however, they were reduced in the presence of crab NCEs compared with control conditions. Horizontal tenacity was affected by the OA × NCEs interaction; in the presence of NCEs, OA reduced tenacity. The routine metabolic rate, measured by oxygen consumption, increased significantly with OW. Nutritional status assessment determined that carbohydrate content was not affected by any of the stressors. However, protein content was affected by the OA × NCEs interaction; in the absence of NCEs, OA reduced protein levels. ATP-supplying capacity, measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity, and cellular stress condition (HSP70 expression) were reduced by OA, with reduction in CS activity found particularly at the high temperature. Our results indicate C. concholepas traits are affected by OA and OW and the effects are modulated by predator risk (NCEs). We conclude that some C. concholepas traits are resilient to climate stressors (survival, growth, horizontal tenacity and nutritional status) but others are affected by OW (metabolic rate), OA (ATP-supplying capacity, stress condition), and NCEs (feeding rate). The results suggest that these negative effects can adversely affect the associated community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - María Elisa Jara
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio P González
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Katherine Jeno
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias de Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IBF Istituto di Biofisica, Pisa, Italy; CNR-IAS Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Oristano, Italy
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum Network, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina de Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
| | - Katherina Brokordt
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias de Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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11
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Direct and latent effects of ocean acidification on the transition of a sea urchin from planktonic larva to benthic juvenile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5557. [PMID: 35365731 PMCID: PMC8976010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing ocean acidification is expected to affect marine organisms and ecosystems. While sea urchins can tolerate a wide range of pH, this comes at a high energetic cost, and early life stages are particularly vulnerable. Information on how ocean acidification affects transitions between life-history stages is scarce. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of pH (pHT 8.0, 7.6 and 7.2) on the development and transition between life-history stages of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotusdroebachiensis, from fertilization to early juvenile. Continuous exposure to low pH negatively affected larval mortality and growth. At pH 7.2, formation of the rudiment (the primordial juvenile) was delayed by two days. Larvae raised at pH 8.0 and transferred to 7.2 after competency had mortality rates five to six times lower than those kept at 8.0, indicating that pH also has a direct effect on older, competent larvae. Latent effects were visible on the larvae raised at pH 7.6: they were more successful in settling (45% at day 40 post-fertilization) and metamorphosing (30%) than larvae raised at 8.0 (17 and 1% respectively). These direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification on settlement and metamorphosis have important implications for population survival.
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Jellison BM, Elsmore KE, Miller JT, Ng G, Ninokawa AT, Hill TM, Gaylord B. Low‐pH seawater alters indirect interactions in rocky‐shore tidepools. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8607. [PMID: 35169457 PMCID: PMC8840877 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is expected to degrade marine ecosystems, yet most studies focus on organismal‐level impacts rather than ecological perturbations. Field studies are especially sparse, particularly ones examining shifts in direct and indirect consumer interactions. Here we address such connections within tidepool communities of rocky shores, focusing on a three‐level food web involving the keystone sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, a common herbivorous snail, Tegula funebralis, and a macroalgal basal resource, Macrocystis pyrifera. We demonstrate that during nighttime low tides, experimentally manipulated declines in seawater pH suppress the anti‐predator behavior of snails, bolstering their grazing, and diminishing the top‐down influence of predators on basal resources. This attenuation of top‐down control is absent in pools maintained experimentally at higher pH. These findings suggest that as ocean acidification proceeds, shifts of behaviorally mediated links in food webs could change how cascading effects of predators manifest within marine communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. Jellison
- Department of Biological Sciences University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Kristen E. Elsmore
- Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California Davis Bodega Bay California USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Miller
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Gabriel Ng
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland USA
- Marine Invasions Laboratory Estuary Ocean Science Center Tiburon California USA
| | - Aaron T. Ninokawa
- Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California Davis Bodega Bay California USA
| | - Tessa M. Hill
- Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California Davis Bodega Bay California USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Brian Gaylord
- Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California Davis Bodega Bay California USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis Davis California USA
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13
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Mitchell A, Booth DJ, Nagelkerken I. Ocean warming and acidification degrade shoaling performance and lateralization of novel tropical-temperate fish shoals. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1388-1401. [PMID: 34918444 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gregarious behaviours are common in animals and provide various benefits such as food acquisition and protection against predators. Many gregarious tropical species are shifting poleward under current ocean warming, creating novel species and social interactions with local temperate taxa. However, how the dynamics of these novel shoals might be altered by future ocean warming and acidification remains untested. Here we evaluate how novel species interactions, ocean acidification and warming affect shoaling dynamics, motor lateralization and boldness of range-extending tropical and co-shoaling temperate fishes under controlled laboratory conditions. Fishes were exposed to 1 of 12 treatments (combinations of three temperature levels, two pCO2 levels and two shoal type levels: mixed species or temperate only) for 38 days. Lateralization (a measure of asymmetric expression of cognitive function in group coordination and predator escape) of tropical and temperate species was right-side biased under present-day conditions, but side bias significantly diminished in tropical and temperate fishes under ocean acidification. Ocean acidification also decreased shoal cohesion irrespective of shoaling type, with mixed-species shoals showing significantly lower cohesion than temperate-only shoals irrespective of climate stressors. Tropical fish became bolder under ocean acidification (after 4 weeks), and temperate fish became bolder with increasing temperature, while ocean acidification dampened temperate fish boldness. Our findings highlight the direct effect of climate stressors on fish behaviour and the interplay with the indirect effects of novel species interactions. Because strong shoal cohesion and lateralization are key determinants of species fitness, their degradation under ocean warming and acidification could adversely affect species performance in novel assemblages in a future ocean, and might slow down tropical species range extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Mitchell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Booth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Fisher DN, Kilgour RJ, Siracusa ER, Foote JR, Hobson EA, Montiglio PO, Saltz JB, Wey TW, Wice EW. Anticipated effects of abiotic environmental change on intraspecific social interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2661-2693. [PMID: 34212487 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions are ubiquitous across the animal kingdom. A variety of ecological and evolutionary processes are dependent on social interactions, such as movement, disease spread, information transmission, and density-dependent reproduction and survival. Social interactions, like any behaviour, are context dependent, varying with environmental conditions. Currently, environments are changing rapidly across multiple dimensions, becoming warmer and more variable, while habitats are increasingly fragmented and contaminated with pollutants. Social interactions are expected to change in response to these stressors and to continue to change into the future. However, a comprehensive understanding of the form and magnitude of the effects of these environmental changes on social interactions is currently lacking. Focusing on four major forms of rapid environmental change currently occurring, we review how these changing environmental gradients are expected to have immediate effects on social interactions such as communication, agonistic behaviours, and group formation, which will thereby induce changes in social organisation including mating systems, dominance hierarchies, and collective behaviour. Our review covers intraspecific variation in social interactions across environments, including studies in both the wild and in laboratory settings, and across a range of taxa. The expected responses of social behaviour to environmental change are diverse, but we identify several general themes. First, very dry, variable, fragmented, or polluted environments are likely to destabilise existing social systems. This occurs as these conditions limit the energy available for complex social interactions and affect dissimilar phenotypes differently. Second, a given environmental change can lead to opposite responses in social behaviour, and the direction of the response often hinges on the natural history of the organism in question. Third, our review highlights the fact that changes in environmental factors are not occurring in isolation: multiple factors are changing simultaneously, which may have antagonistic or synergistic effects, and more work should be done to understand these combined effects. We close by identifying methodological and analytical techniques that might help to study the response of social interactions to changing environments, highlight consistent patterns among taxa, and predict subsequent evolutionary change. We expect that the changes in social interactions that we document here will have consequences for individuals, groups, and for the ecology and evolution of populations, and therefore warrant a central place in the study of animal populations, particularly in an era of rapid environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, U.K
| | - R Julia Kilgour
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, U.S.A
| | - Erin R Siracusa
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, U.K
| | - Jennifer R Foote
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Hobson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 318 College Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, U.S.A
| | - Pierre-Olivier Montiglio
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Avenue Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 3X8, Canada
| | - Julia B Saltz
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005-1827, U.S.A
| | - Tina W Wey
- Maelstrom Research, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Eric W Wice
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005-1827, U.S.A
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15
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Anthropogenic water conditions amplify predatory impact of the non-native Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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High turbidity levels alter coral reef fish movement in a foraging task. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5976. [PMID: 33742061 PMCID: PMC7979735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems allow animals to detect and respond to stimuli in their environment and underlie all behaviour. However, human induced pollution is increasingly interfering with the functioning of these systems. Increased suspended sediment, or turbidity, in aquatic habitats reduces the reactive distance to visual signals and may therefore alter movement behaviour. Using a foraging task in which fish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus) had to find six food sites in an aquarium, we tested the impact of high turbidity (40-68 NTU; 154 mg/L) on foraging efficiency using a detailed and novel analysis of individual movements. High turbidity led to a significant decrease in task efficacy as fish took longer to begin searching and find food, and they travelled further whilst searching. Trajectory analyses revealed that routes were less efficient and that fish in high turbidity conditions were more likely to cover the same ground and search at a slower speed. These results were observed despite the experimental protocol allowing for the use of alternate sensory systems (e.g. olfaction, lateral line). Given that movement underlies fundamental behaviours including foraging, mating, and predator avoidance, a reduction in movement efficiency is likely to have a significant impact on the health and population dynamics of visually-guided fish species.
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17
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Clements JC, Ramesh K, Nysveen J, Dupont S, Jutfelt F. Animal size and sea water temperature, but not pH, influence a repeatable startle response behaviour in a wide-ranging marine mollusc. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Antipredator behaviour affected by prey condition, food availability and pH-mediated info-disruption. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Montory JA, Cumillaf JP, Gebauer P, Urbina M, Cubillos VM, Navarro JM, Marín SL, Cruces E. Early development and metabolic rate of the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi under different scenarios of temperature and pCO 2. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105154. [PMID: 32998067 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions have led to ocean acidification and a rise in the temperature. The present study evaluates the effects of temperature (10, 15 and 20 °C) and pCO2 (400 and 1200 μatm) on the early development and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. Only temperature has an effect on the hatching and development times of nauplius I. But both factors affected the development time of nauplius II (<temperature = longer development time). Copepodid survival time was also affected by temperature and pCO2, at 10 °C and 400 μatm, survival was 30 and 44% longer than at 15 and 20 °C. OCRs were impacted by temperature but not by pCO2. In all treatments, OCR was lower for nauplius II than for the copepodid. Our results show the need to further evaluate the effects of a combination of environmental drivers on the performance of C. rogercresseyi, in a changing and uncertain future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Montory
- Centro i~mar, Universidad De Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Juan P Cumillaf
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Paulina Gebauer
- Centro i~mar, Universidad De Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Mauricio Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Víctor M Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile
| | - Sandra L Marín
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile; Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla, 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Edgardo Cruces
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras-Universidad de Atacama (CIC-UDA), Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapo, Chile
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20
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Gravinese PM, Page HN, Butler CB, Spadaro AJ, Hewett C, Considine M, Lankes D, Fisher S. Ocean acidification disrupts the orientation of postlarval Caribbean spiny lobsters. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18092. [PMID: 33093550 PMCID: PMC7581715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic inputs into coastal ecosystems are causing more frequent environmental fluctuations and reducing seawater pH. One such ecosystem is Florida Bay, an important nursery for the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Although adult crustaceans are often resilient to reduced seawater pH, earlier ontogenetic stages can be physiologically limited in their tolerance to ocean acidification on shorter time scales. We used a Y-maze chamber to test whether reduced-pH seawater altered the orientation of spiny lobster pueruli toward chemical cues produced by Laurencia spp. macroalgae, a known settlement cue for the species. We tested the hypothesis that pueruli conditioned in reduced-pH seawater would be less responsive to Laurencia spp. chemical cues than pueruli in ambient-pH seawater by comparing the proportion of individuals that moved to the cue side of the chamber with the proportion that moved to the side with no cue. We also recorded the amount of time (sec) before a response was observed. Pueruli conditioned in reduced-pH seawater were less responsive and failed to select the Laurencia cue. Our results suggest that episodic acidification of coastal waters might limit the ability of pueruli to locate settlement habitats, increasing postsettlement mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Gravinese
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement Program, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL, 33801, USA.
| | - Heather N Page
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA.,Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Casey B Butler
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, FL, 33050, USA
| | - Angelo Jason Spadaro
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, FL, 33050, USA.,Department of Marine Science and Technology, The College of the Florida Keys, Key West, FL, 33042, USA
| | - Clay Hewett
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA
| | - Megan Considine
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA
| | - David Lankes
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA
| | - Samantha Fisher
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement Program, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
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21
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Fernández‐Llamazares Á, Garteizgogeascoa M, Basu N, Brondizio ES, Cabeza M, Martínez‐Alier J, McElwee P, Reyes‐García V. A State-of-the-Art Review of Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Pollution. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:324-341. [PMID: 31863549 PMCID: PMC7187223 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples (IPs) worldwide are confronted by the increasing threat of pollution. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature (n = 686 studies), we present the current state of knowledge on: 1) the exposure and vulnerability of IPs to pollution; 2) the environmental, health, and cultural impacts of pollution upon IPs; and 3) IPs' contributions to prevent, control, limit, and abate pollution from local to global scales. Indigenous peoples experience large burdens of environmental pollution linked to the expansion of commodity frontiers and industrial development, including agricultural, mining, and extractive industries, as well as urban growth, waste dumping, and infrastructure and energy development. Nevertheless, IPs are contributing to limit pollution in different ways, including through environmental monitoring and global policy advocacy, as well as through local resistance toward polluting activities. This work adds to growing evidence of the breadth and depth of environmental injustices faced by IPs worldwide, and we conclude by highlighting the need to increase IPs' engagement in environmental decision-making regarding pollution control. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:324-341. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández‐Llamazares
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Global Change and Conservation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - María Garteizgogeascoa
- Global Change and Conservation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Artec Forschungszentrum NachhaltigkeitUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMcGill UniversityMontreal, QuebecCanada
| | | | - Mar Cabeza
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Global Change and Conservation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Joan Martínez‐Alier
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia AmbientalsUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellatera, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Victoria Reyes‐García
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia AmbientalsUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellatera, BarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, BarcelonaSpain
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22
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Horwitz R, Norin T, Watson SA, Pistevos JCA, Beldade R, Hacquart S, Gattuso JP, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Vidal-Dupiol J, Killen SS, Mills SC. Near-future ocean warming and acidification alter foraging behaviour, locomotion, and metabolic rate in a keystone marine mollusc. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5461. [PMID: 32214174 PMCID: PMC7096400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-induced changes in fitness are mediated by direct effects on physiology and behaviour, which are tightly linked. We investigated how predicted ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) affect key ecological behaviours (locomotion speed and foraging success) and metabolic rate of a keystone marine mollusc, the sea hare Stylocheilus striatus, a specialist grazer of the toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. We acclimated sea hares to OW and/or OA across three developmental stages (metamorphic, juvenile, and adult) or as adults only, and compare these to sea hares maintained under current-day conditions. Generally, locomotion speed and time to locate food were reduced ~1.5- to 2-fold when the stressors (OW or OA) were experienced in isolation, but reduced ~3-fold when combined. Decision-making was also severely altered, with correct foraging choice nearly 40% lower under combined stressors. Metabolic rate appeared to acclimate to the stressors in isolation, but was significantly elevated under combined stressors. Overall, sea hares that developed under OW and/or OA exhibited a less severe impact, indicating beneficial phenotypic plasticity. Reduced foraging success coupled with increased metabolic demands may impact fitness in this species and highlight potentially large ecological consequences under unabated OW and OA, namely in regulating toxic cyanobacteria blooms on coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rael Horwitz
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France.
| | - Tommy Norin
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Jennifer C A Pistevos
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Ricardo Beldade
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simon Hacquart
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 chemin du Lazaret, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
- ENTROPIE IRD - Université de La Réunion - CNRS, Nouméa, 98848, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
- IFREMER, UMR 241 EIO, BP 7004, 98719, Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- IHPE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Shaun S Killen
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne C Mills
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
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23
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Strader ME, Wong JM, Hofmann GE. Ocean acidification promotes broad transcriptomic responses in marine metazoans: a literature survey. Front Zool 2020; 17:7. [PMID: 32095155 PMCID: PMC7027112 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For nearly a decade, the metazoan-focused research community has explored the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animals, noting that changes in ocean chemistry can impact calcification, metabolism, acid-base regulation, stress response and behavior in organisms that hold high ecological and economic value. Because OA interacts with several key physiological processes in marine organisms, transcriptomics has become a widely-used method to characterize whole organism responses on a molecular level as well as inform mechanisms that explain changes in phenotypes observed in response to OA. In the past decade, there has been a notable rise in studies that examine transcriptomic responses to OA in marine metazoans, and here we attempt to summarize key findings across these studies. We find that organisms vary dramatically in their transcriptomic responses to pH although common patterns are often observed, including shifts in acid-base ion regulation, metabolic processes, calcification and stress response mechanisms. We also see a rise in transcriptomic studies examining organismal response to OA in a multi-stressor context, often reporting synergistic effects of OA and temperature. In addition, there is an increase in studies that use transcriptomics to examine the evolutionary potential of organisms to adapt to OA conditions in the future through population and transgenerational experiments. Overall, the literature reveals complex organismal responses to OA, in which some organisms will face more dramatic consequences than others. This will have wide-reaching impacts on ocean communities and ecosystems as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Strader
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.,2Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Juliet M Wong
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.,3Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181 USA
| | - Gretchen E Hofmann
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
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24
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Turra A, Ragagnin MN, McCarthy ID, Fernandez WS. The effect of ocean acidification on the intertidal hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis is not modulated by cheliped amputation and sex. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 153:104794. [PMID: 31582297 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of the interactive effects of ocean acidification (OA) with other anthropogenic environmental stressors on marine biodiversity are receiving increasing attention in recent years. However, little is known about how organismal responses to OA may be influenced by common phenomena such as autotomy and sexual dimorphism. This study evaluated the long-term (120 days) combined effects of OA (pH 7.7), experimental cheliped amputation and sex on physiological stress (mortality, growth, number of molts, cheliped regeneration and startle response) and energy budget (lipid and calcium contents) in the intertidal sexually-dimorphic hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis. Crabs exposed to OA reduced survivorship (46%), molting frequency (36%) and lipid content (42%). Autotomised crabs and males molted more frequently (39% and 32%, respectively). Males presented higher regeneration (33%) and lower lipid content (24%). The few synergistic effects recorded did not indicate any clear pattern among treatments however, (1) a stronger reduction in lipid content was recorded in non-autotomised crabs exposed to low pH; (2) calcium content was higher in males than females only for autotomised crabs under control pH; and (3) autotomised females showed a proportionally slower activity recovery than autotomised males. Although our results suggest an effect of long-term exposure to low pH on the physiological stress and energy budget of Pagurus criniticornis, the physiological repertoire and plasticity associated with limb regeneration and the maintenance of dimorphism in secondary sexual characters may provide resilience to long-term exposure to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marilia N Ragagnin
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Ian D McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
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Manríquez PH, González CP, Brokordt K, Pereira L, Torres R, Lattuca ME, Fernández DA, Peck MA, Cucco A, Antognarelli F, Marras S, Domenici P. Ocean warming and acidification pose synergistic limits to the thermal niche of an economically important echinoderm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133469. [PMID: 31635008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To make robust projectios of the impacts of climate change, it is critical to understand how abiotic factors may interact to constrain the distribution and productivity of marine flora and fauna. We evaluated the effects of projected end of the century ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) on the thermal tolerance of an important living marine resource, the sea urchin Loxechinus albus, a benthic shallow water coastal herbivore inhabiting part of the Pacific coast of South America. After exposing young juveniles for a 1-month period to contrasting pCO2 (~500 and 1400 μatm) and temperature (~15 °C and 20 °C) levels, critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and minimum (CTmin) as well as thermal tolerance polygons were assessed based on self-righting success as an end point. Transcription of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a chaperone protecting cellular proteins from environmental stress, was also measured. Exposure to elevated pCO2 significantly reduced thermal tolerance by increasing CTmin at both experimental temperatures and decreasing CTmax at 20 °C. There was also a strong synergistic effect of OA × OW on HSP70 transcription levels which were 75 times higher than in control conditions. If this species is unable to adapt to elevated pCO2 in the future, the reduction in thermal tolerance and HSP response suggests that near-future warming and OA will disrupt their performance and reduce their distribution with ecological and economic consequences. Given the wider latitudinal range (6 to 56°S) and environmental tolerance of L. albus compared to other members of this region's benthic invertebrate community, OW and OA may cause substantial changes to the coastal fauna along this geographical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Claudio P González
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Katherina Brokordt
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Luis Pereira
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias de Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile; Centro de Investigación: Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - María E Lattuca
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Fuegia Basket 251, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, GroßeElbstrasse 133, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Cucco
- CNR-IAMC-Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano 09170, Italy
| | - Fabio Antognarelli
- CNR-IAMC-Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano 09170, Italy
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR-IAMC-Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano 09170, Italy
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAMC-Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Localita Sa Mardini, Torregrande, Oristano 09170, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim G. Frommen
- Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Hinterkappelen Switzerland
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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Cohen‐Rengifo M, Agüera A, Bouma T, M'Zoudi S, Flammang P, Dubois P. Ocean warming and acidification alter the behavioral response to flow of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12128-12143. [PMID: 31832148 PMCID: PMC6854335 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) are intensively investigated as they pose major threats to marine organism. However, little effort is dedicated to another collateral climate change stressor, the increased frequency, and intensity of storm events, here referred to as intensified hydrodynamics. A 2-month experiment was performed to identify how OW and OA (temperature: 21°C; pHT: 7.7, 7.4; control: 17°C-pHT7.9) affect the resistance to hydrodynamics in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus using an integrative approach that includes physiology, biomechanics, and behavior. Biomechanics was studied under both no-flow condition at the tube foot (TF) scale and flow condition at the individual scale. For the former, TF disk adhesive properties (attachment strength, tenacity) and TF stem mechanical properties (breaking force, extensibility, tensile strength, stiffness, toughness) were evaluated. For the latter, resistance to flow was addressed as the flow velocity at which individuals detached. Under near- and far-future OW and OA, individuals fully balanced their acid-base status, but skeletal growth was halved. TF adhesive properties were not affected by treatments. Compared to the control, mechanical properties were in general improved under pHT7.7 while in the extreme treatment (21°C-pHT7.4) breaking force was diminished. Three behavioral strategies were implemented by sea urchins and acted together to cope with flow: improving TF attachment, streamlining, and escaping. Behavioral responses varied according to treatment and flow velocity. For instance, individuals at 21°C-pHT7.4 increased the density of attached TF at slow flows or controlled TF detachment at fast flows to compensate for weakened TF mechanical properties. They also showed an absence of streamlining favoring an escaping behavior as they ventured in a riskier faster movement at slow flows. At faster flows, the effects of OW and OA were detrimental causing earlier dislodgment. These plastic behaviors reflect a potential scope for acclimation in the field, where this species already experiences diel temperature and pH fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Cohen‐Rengifo
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes Marins et BiomimétismeInstitut de recherches en BiosciencesUniversité de MonsMonsBelgium
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (CP160/15)Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Antonio Agüera
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (CP160/15)Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Institute of Marine ResearchAustevoll Research StationStorebøNorway
| | - Tjeerd Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)Utrecht UniversityYersekeThe Netherlands
| | - Saloua M'Zoudi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (CP160/15)Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes Marins et BiomimétismeInstitut de recherches en BiosciencesUniversité de MonsMonsBelgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (CP160/15)Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
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Draper AM, Weissburg MJ. Impacts of Global Warming and Elevated CO2 on Sensory Behavior in Predator-Prey Interactions: A Review and Synthesis. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Hurst TP, Copeman LA, Haines SA, Meredith SD, Daniels K, Hubbard KM. Elevated CO 2 alters behavior, growth, and lipid composition of Pacific cod larvae. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 145:52-65. [PMID: 30808579 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
High-latitude seas, which support a number of commercially important fisheries, are predicted to be most immediately impacted by ongoing ocean acidification (OA). Elevated CO2 levels have been shown to induce a range of impacts on the physiology and behavior of marine fish larvae. However, these responses have yet to be characterized for most fishery species, including Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). Based on laboratory experiments, we present a multi-faceted analysis of the sensitivity of Pacific cod larvae to elevated CO2. Fish behavior in a horizontal light gradient was used to evaluate the sensitivity of behavioral phototaxis in 4-5 week old cod larvae. Fish at elevated CO2 levels (∼1500 and 2250 μatm) exhibited a stronger phototaxis (moved more quickly to regions of higher light levels) than fish at ambient CO2 levels (∼600 μatm). In an independent experiment, we examined the effects of elevated CO2 levels on growth of larval Pacific cod over the first 5 weeks of life under two different feeding treatments. Fish exposed to elevated CO2 levels (∼1700 μatm) were smaller and had lower lipid levels at 2 weeks of age than fish at low (ambient) CO2 levels (∼500 μatm). However, by 5 weeks of age, this effect had reversed: fish reared at elevated CO2 levels were slightly (but not significantly) larger and had higher total lipid levels and storage lipids than fish reared at low CO2. Fatty acid composition differed significantly between fish reared at high and low CO2 levels (p < 0.01) after 2 weeks of feeding, but this effect diminished by week 5. Effects of CO2 on FA composition of the larvae differed between the two diets, an effect possibly related more to dietary equilibrium and differential lipid class storage than a fundamental effect of CO2 on fatty acid metabolism. These experiments point to a stage-specific sensitivity of Pacific cod to the effects of OA. Further understanding of these effects will be required to predict the impacts on production of Pacific cod fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Hurst
- Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA.
| | - Louise A Copeman
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA; Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Haines
- Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Summer D Meredith
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | | | - Kalyn M Hubbard
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
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Nagelkerken I, Goldenberg SU, Coni EOC, Connell SD. Microhabitat change alters abundances of competing species and decreases species richness under ocean acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:615-622. [PMID: 30029136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Niche segregation allows competing species to capture resources in contrasting ways so they can co-exist and maintain diversity, yet global change is simplifying ecosystems and associated niche diversity. Whether climate perturbations alter niche occupancy among co-occurring species and affect species diversity is a key, but unanswered question. Using CO2 vents as natural analogues of ocean acidification, we show that competing fish species with overlapping diets are partially segregated across microhabitat niches and differently-orientated substrata under ambient CO2 conditions. Under elevated CO2, benthic microhabitats experienced a significant increase in non-calcifying turf and fleshy algae but a sharp reduction in calcareous algae. The increased availability of turf and fleshy algae supported increased densities of a competitively dominant species, whilst the reduction in calcifying algal microhabitats decreased densities of several subordinate species. The change in microhabitat availability also drove an increased overlap in microhabitat use among competing fishes at the vents, associated with a reduced fish species richness on horizontal substrates. We conclude that loss of preferred microhabitat niches, exacerbated by population proliferation of competitively dominant species, can drive population losses of less common and subordinate species, and reduce local species richness. The indirect effects of ocean acidification on microhabitat availability can therefore impair maintenance of species populations, and drive changes in local community and biodiversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Silvan U Goldenberg
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ericka O C Coni
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Ragagnin MN, McCarthy ID, Fernandez WS, Tschiptschin AP, Turra A. Vulnerability of juvenile hermit crabs to reduced seawater pH and shading. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 142:130-140. [PMID: 30316461 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple simultaneous stressors induced by anthropogenic activities may amplify their impacts on marine organisms. The effects of ocean acidification, in combination with other anthropogenic impacts (apart from temperature) are poorly understood, especially in coastal regions. In these areas, shading caused by infrastructure development, such as harbor construction, may potentially interact with CO2-induced pH reduction and affect invertebrate populations. Here, we evaluated the effects of reduced pH (7.6) and shading (24h in darkness) on mortality, growth, calcification and displacement behavior to live predator (danger signal) and dead gastropod (resource availability signal) odors using juveniles of the hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis collected in Araçá Bay (São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil). After a 98 day experimental period, both stressors had a significant interaction effect on mortality, and an additive effect on total growth. No difference in calcification was recorded among treatments, indicating that individuals were able to maintain calcification under reduced pH conditions. When exposed to odor of live predators, crab responses were only affected by shading. However, an interactive effect between both stressors was observed in response to gastropod odor, leading to reduced displacement behavior. This study shows how local disturbance impacts may enhance the effects of global environmental change on intertidal crustacean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Nagata Ragagnin
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ian Donald McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew St, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, United Kingdom.
| | - Wellington Silva Fernandez
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - André Paulo Tschiptschin
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 2463, 05508-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Duarte C, Navarro JM, Quijón PA, Loncon D, Torres R, Manríquez PH, Lardies MA, Vargas CA, Lagos NA. The energetic physiology of juvenile mussels, Mytilus chilensis (Hupe): The prevalent role of salinity under current and predicted pCO 2 scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:156-163. [PMID: 29980033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a result of human activities, climate forecasts predict changes in the oceans pCO2 and salinity levels with unknown impacts on marine organisms. As a consequence, an increasing number of studies have begun to address the individual influence of pCO2 and salinity but much remains to be done to understand their combined effects on the physiology and ecology of marine species. Our study addressed this knowledge gap by measuring the influence of current and predicted levels of pCO2 (380 and 1200 ppm, respectively) and salinity (20, 25 and 30 psμ) on the energetic physiology of juvenile mussels (Mytilus chilensis) from the south-eastern Pacific region. Our results indicate that a reduced salinity caused a significant reduction in clearance rate, absorption efficiency and scope for growth of this species. Meanwhile, an increase in pCO2 levels caused a reduction in excretion rates and interacted significantly with salinity in the rate of oxygen uptake measured in the mussel. These results suggest that potential changes in salinity might have a direct role on the physiology of M. chilensis. The effect of pCO2, although less prevalent among the variables measured here, did interact with salinity and is also likely to alter the physiology of this species. Given the ecological and economic importance of M. chilensis, we call for further studies exploring the influence of pCO2 across a wider range of salinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - J M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - P A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - D Loncon
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R Torres
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - P H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - M A Lardies
- Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Vargas
- Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Funcionamiento de Ecosistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, & Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N A Lagos
- Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
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Lee C, Kwon BO, Hong S, Noh J, Lee J, Ryu J, Kang SG, Khim JS. Sub-lethal and lethal toxicities of elevated CO 2 on embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages of marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:586-595. [PMID: 29885629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential leakage from marine CO2 storage sites is of increasing concern, but few studies have evaluated the probable adverse effects on marine organisms. Fish, one of the top predators in marine environments, should be an essential representative species used for water column toxicity testing in response to waterborne CO2 exposure. In the present study, we conducted fish life cycle toxicity tests to fully elucidate CO2 toxicity mechanism effects. We tested sub-lethal and lethal toxicities of elevated CO2 concentrations on marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) at different developmental stages. At each developmental stage, the test species was exposed to varying concentrations of gaseous CO2 (control air, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), with 96 h of exposure at 0-4 d (early stage), 4-8 d (middle stage), and 8-12 d (late stage). Sub-lethal and lethal effects, including early developmental delays, cardiac edema, tail abnormalities, abnormal pigmentation, and mortality were monitored daily during the 14 d exposure period. At the embryonic stage, significant sub-lethal and lethal effects were observed at pH < 6.30. Hypercapnia can cause long-term and/or delayed developmental embryonic problems, even after transfer back to clean seawater. At fish juvenile and adult stages, significant mortality was observed at pH < 5.70, indicating elevated CO2 exposure might cause various adverse effects, even during short-term exposure periods. It should be noted the early embryonic stage was found more sensitive to CO2 exposure than other developmental stages of the fish life cycle. Overall, the present study provided baseline information for potential adverse effects of high CO2 concentration exposure on fish developmental processes at different life cycle stages in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gil Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hypercapnia-induced disruption of long-distance mate-detection and reduction of energy expenditure in a coastal keystone crustacean. Physiol Behav 2018; 195:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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35
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Wang Y, Hu M, Wu F, Storch D, Pörtner HO. Elevated pCO 2 Affects Feeding Behavior and Acute Physiological Response of the Brown Crab Cancer pagurus. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1164. [PMID: 30246790 PMCID: PMC6110915 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change exposes marine organisms to CO2 induced ocean acidification (OA). Marine animals may make physiological and behavioral adaptations to cope with OA. Elevated pCO2 may affect metabolism, feeding, and energy partition of marine crabs, and thereby affect their predator-prey dynamics with mussels. Therefore, we examined the effects of simulated future elevated pCO2 on feeding behavior and energy metabolism of the brown crab Cancer pagurus. Following 54 days of pre-acclimation to control CO2 levels (360 μatm) at 11°C, crabs were exposed to consecutively increased oceanic CO2 levels (2 weeks for 1200 and 2300 μatm, respectively) and subsequently returned to control CO2 level (390 μatm) for 2 weeks in order to study their potential to acclimate elevated pCO2 and recovery performance. Standard metabolic rate (SMR), specific dynamic action (SDA) and feeding behavior of the crabs were investigated during each experimental period. Compared to the initial control CO2 conditions, the SMRs of CO2 exposed crabs were not significantly increased, but increased significantly when the crabs were returned to normal CO2 levels. Conversely, SDA was significantly reduced under high CO2 and did not return to control levels during recovery. Under high CO2, crabs fed on smaller sized mussels than under control CO2; food consumption rates were reduced; foraging parameters such as searching time, time to break the prey, eating time, and handling time were all significantly longer than under control CO2, and prey profitability was significantly lower than that under control conditions. Again, a two-week recovery period was not sufficient for feeding behavior to return to control values. PCA results revealed a positive relationship between feeding/SDA and pH, but negative relationships between the length of foraging periods and pH. In conclusion, elevated pCO2 caused crab metabolic rate to increase at the expense of SDA. Elevated pCO2 affected feeding performance negatively and prolonged foraging periods. These results are discussed in the context of how elevated pCO2 may impair the competitiveness of brown crabs in benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Fangli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniela Storch
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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36
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Raby GD, Sundin J, Jutfelt F, Cooke SJ, Clark TD. Exposure to elevated carbon dioxide does not impair short-term swimming behaviour or shelter-seeking in a predatory coral-reef fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:138-142. [PMID: 29931691 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult bluespotted rockcod Cephalopholis cyanostigma, a coral-reef grouper, were acclimated to either ambient (mean ± s.d. 406 ± 21 μatm; 1 atmos = 101325 Pa) or high pCO2 (945 ± 116 μatm) conditions in a laboratory for 8-9 days, then released at the water surface directly above a reef (depth c. 5 m) and followed on video camera (for 191 ± 21 s) by scuba divers until they sought cover in the reef. No differences were detected between groups in any of the six measured variables, which included the time fish spent immobile after release, tail beat frequency during swimming and the time required to locate and enter the protective shelter of the reef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham D Raby
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Josefin Sundin
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Timothy D Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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37
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Spady BL, Munday PL, Watson SA. Predatory strategies and behaviours in cephalopods are altered by elevated CO 2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2585-2596. [PMID: 29460508 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that projected near-future carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels can alter predator avoidance behaviour in marine invertebrates, yet little is known about the possible effects on predatory behaviours. Here we tested the effects of elevated CO2 on the predatory behaviours of two ecologically distinct cephalopod species, the pygmy squid, Idiosepius pygmaeus, and the bigfin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Both species exhibited an increased latency to attack and altered body pattern choice during the attack sequence at elevated CO2 . I. pygmaeus also exhibited a 20% decrease in predation rate, an increased striking distance, and reduced preference for attacking the posterior end of prey at elevated CO2 . Elevated CO2 increased activity levels of S. lessoniana comparable to those previously shown in I. pygmaeus, which could adversely affect their energy budget and increase their potential to be preyed upon. The effects of elevated CO2 on predatory behaviours, predation strategies and activity levels of cephalopods reported here could have far-reaching consequences in marine ecosystems due to the ecological importance of cephalopods in the marine food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Spady
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Cattano C, Claudet J, Domenici P, Milazzo M. Living in a high CO2
world: a global meta-analysis shows multiple trait-mediated fish responses to ocean acidification. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cattano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM); Università di Palermo; Via Archirafi 20 Palermo I-90123 Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa); Piazzale Flaminio 9 Roma I-00196 Italy
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research; PSL Université Paris; CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD; Maison des Océans; 195 rue Saint-Jacques Paris 75005 France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL; Perpignan 66860 France
| | - Paolo Domenici
- IAMC-CNR Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero Sezione di Oristano; Località Sa Mardini Torregrande (Oristano) 09072 Italy
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM); Università di Palermo; Via Archirafi 20 Palermo I-90123 Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa); Piazzale Flaminio 9 Roma I-00196 Italy
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McCormick MI, Watson SA, Simpson SD, Allan BJM. Effect of elevated CO 2 and small boat noise on the kinematics of predator-prey interactions. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20172650. [PMID: 29563262 PMCID: PMC5897633 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceans of the future are predicted to be more acidic and noisier, particularly along the productive coastal fringe. This study examined the independent and combined effects of short-term exposure to elevated CO2 and boat noise on the predator-prey interactions of a pair of common coral reef fishes (Pomacentrus wardi and its predator, Pseudochromis fuscus). Successful capture of prey by predators was the same regardless of whether the pairs had been exposed to ambient control conditions, the addition of either playback of boat noise, elevated CO2 (925 µatm) or both stressors simultaneously. The kinematics of the interaction were the same for all stressor combinations and differed from the controls. The effects of CO2 or boat noise were the same, suggesting that their effects were substitutive in this situation. Prey reduced their perception of threat under both stressors individually and when combined, and this coincided with reduced predator attack distances and attack speeds. The lack of an additive or multiplicative effect when both stressors co-occurred was notable given the different mechanisms involved in sensory disruptions and highlights the importance of determining the combined effects of key drivers to aid in predicting community dynamics under future environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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40
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Hannan KD, Rummer JL. Aquatic acidification: a mechanism underpinning maintained oxygen transport and performance in fish experiencing elevated carbon dioxide conditions. J Exp Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.154559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Aquatic acidification, caused by elevating levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), is increasing in both freshwater and marine ecosystems worldwide. However, few studies have examined how acidification will affect oxygen (O2) transport and, therefore, performance in fishes. Although data are generally lacking, the majority of fishes investigated in this meta-analysis exhibited no effect of elevated CO2 at the level of O2 uptake, suggesting that they are able to maintain metabolic performance during a period of acidosis. Notably, the mechanisms that fish employ to maintain performance and O2 uptake have yet to be verified. Here, we summarize current data related to one recently proposed mechanism underpinning the maintenance of O2 uptake during exposure to aquatic acidification, and reveal knowledge gaps that could be targeted for future research. Most studies have examined O2 uptake rates while fishes were resting and did not calculate aerobic scope, even though aerobic scope can aid in predicting changes to whole-animal metabolic performance. Furthermore, research is lacking on different age classes, freshwater species and elasmobranchs, all of which might be impacted by future acidification conditions. Finally, this Review further seeks to emphasize the importance of developing collaborative efforts between molecular, physiological and ecological approaches in order to provide more comprehensive predictions as to how future fish populations will be affected by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D. Hannan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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41
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Davis BE, Komoroske LM, Hansen MJ, Poletto JB, Perry EN, Miller NA, Ehlman SM, Wheeler SG, Sih A, Todgham AE, Fangue NA. Juvenile rockfish show resilience to CO 2-acidification and hypoxia across multiple biological scales. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy038. [PMID: 30018763 PMCID: PMC6041801 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
California's coastal ecosystems are forecasted to undergo shifting ocean conditions due to climate change, some of which may negatively impact recreational and commercial fish populations. To understand if fish populations have the capacity to respond to multiple stressors, it is critical to examine interactive effects across multiple biological scales, from cellular metabolism to species interactions. This study examined the effects of CO2-acidification and hypoxia on two naturally co-occurring species, juvenile rockfish (genus Sebastes) and a known predator, cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus). Fishes were exposed to two PCO2 levels at two dissolved oxygen (DO) levels: ~600 (ambient) and ~1600 (high) μatm PCO2 and 8.0 (normoxic) and 4.5 mg l-1 DO (hypoxic) and assessments of cellular metabolism, prey behavior and predation mortality rates were quantified after 1 and 3 weeks. Physiologically, rockfish showed acute alterations in cellular metabolic enzyme activity after 1 week of acclimation to elevated PCO2 and hypoxia that were not evident in cabezon. Alterations in rockfish energy metabolism were driven by increases in anaerobic LDH activity, and adjustments in enzyme activity ratios of cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase and LDH:CS. Correlated changes in rockfish behavior were also apparent after 1 week of acclimation to elevated PCO2 and hypoxia. Exploration behavior increased in rockfish exposed to elevated PCO2 and spatial analysis of activity indicated short-term interference with anti-predator responses. Predation rate after 1 week increased with elevated PCO2; however, no mortality was observed under the multiple-stressor treatment suggesting negative effects on cabezon predators. Most noteworthy, metabolic and behavioral changes were moderately compensated after 3 weeks of acclimation, and predation mortality rates also decreased suggesting that these rockfish may be resilient to changes in environmental stressors predicted by climate models. Linking physiological and behavioral responses to multiple stressors is vital to understand impacts on populations and community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Davis
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Komoroske
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Hansen
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamilynn B Poletto
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Emily N Perry
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Miller
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Ehlman
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sarah G Wheeler
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel: +(530) 752-4997;
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42
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Clements JC, Hicks C, Tremblay R, Comeau LA. Elevated seawater temperature, not pCO 2, negatively affects post-spawning adult mussels ( Mytilus edulis) under food limitation. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:cox078. [PMID: 29383255 PMCID: PMC5786221 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pre-spawning blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) appear sensitive to elevated temperature and robust to elevated pCO2; however, the effects of these stressors soon after investing energy into spawning remain unknown. Furthermore, while studies suggest that elevated pCO2 affects the byssal attachment strength of Mytilus trossulus from southern latitudes, pCO2 and temperature impacts on the byssus strength of other species at higher latitudes remain undocumented. In a 90 day laboratory experiment, we exposed post-spawning adult blue mussels (M. edulis) from Atlantic Canada to three pCO2 levels (pCO2 ~625, 1295 and 2440 μatm) at two different temperatures (16°C and 22°C) and assessed energetic reserves on Day 90, byssal attachment strength on Days 30 and 60, and condition index and mortality on Days 30, 60 and 90. Results indicated that glycogen content was negatively affected under elevated temperature, but protein, lipid, and overall energy content were unaffected. Reduced glycogen content under elevated temperature was associated with reduced condition index, reduced byssal thread attachment strength, and increased mortality; elevated pCO2 had no effects. Overall, these results suggest that the glycogen reserves of post-spawning adult M. edulis are sensitive to elevated temperature, and can result in reduced health and byssal attachment strength, leading to increased mortality. These results are similar to those reported for pre-spawning mussels and suggest that post-spawning blue mussels are tolerant to elevated pCO2 and sensitive to elevated temperature. In contrast to previous studies, however, elevated pCO2 did not affect byssus strength, suggesting that negative effects of elevated pCO2 on byssus strength are not universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C Clements
- Aquaculture and Coastal Ecosystems, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, 343 Université Avenue, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Corresponding author: Aquaculture and Coastal Ecosystems, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, 343 Université Avenue, Moncton, NB, E1C 9B6, Canada. Tel: +1 506 851 2218 (office), +1 506 608 8014. ;
| | - Carla Hicks
- Aquaculture and Coastal Ecosystems, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, 343 Université Avenue, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Réjan Tremblay
- Rimouski Institute of Ocean Sciences, University of Quebec at Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Luc A Comeau
- Aquaculture and Coastal Ecosystems, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, 343 Université Avenue, Moncton, NB, Canada
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43
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Watson SA, Fields JB, Munday PL. Ocean acidification alters predator behaviour and reduces predation rate. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2016.0797. [PMID: 28148828 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification poses a range of threats to marine invertebrates; however, the emerging and likely widespread effects of rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on marine invertebrate behaviour are still little understood. Here, we show that ocean acidification alters and impairs key ecological behaviours of the predatory cone snail Conus marmoreus Projected near-future seawater CO2 levels (975 µatm) increased activity in this coral reef molluscivore more than threefold (from less than 4 to more than 12 mm min-1) and decreased the time spent buried to less than one-third when compared with the present-day control conditions (390 µatm). Despite increasing activity, elevated CO2 reduced predation rate during predator-prey interactions with control-treated humpbacked conch, Gibberulus gibberulus gibbosus; 60% of control predators successfully captured and consumed their prey, compared with only 10% of elevated CO2 predators. The alteration of key ecological behaviours of predatory invertebrates by near-future ocean acidification could have potentially far-reaching implications for predator-prey interactions and trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems. Combined evidence that the behaviours of both species in this predator-prey relationship are altered by elevated CO2 suggests food web interactions and ecosystem structure will become increasingly difficult to predict as ocean acidification advances over coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | | | - Philip L Munday
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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44
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Allan BJM, Domenici P, Watson SA, Munday PL, McCormick MI. Warming has a greater effect than elevated CO 2 on predator-prey interactions in coral reef fish. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.0784. [PMID: 28659450 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming, driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are considered to be among the greatest threats facing marine organisms. While each stressor in isolation has been studied extensively, there has been less focus on their combined effects, which could impact key ecological processes. We tested the independent and combined effects of short-term exposure to elevated CO2 and temperature on the predator-prey interactions of a common pair of coral reef fishes (Pomacentrus wardi and its predator, Pseudochromis fuscus). We found that predator success increased following independent exposure to high temperature and elevated CO2 Overall, high temperature had an overwhelming effect on the escape behaviour of the prey compared with the combined exposure to elevated CO2 and high temperature or the independent effect of elevated CO2 Exposure to high temperatures led to an increase in attack and predation rates. By contrast, we observed little influence of elevated CO2 on the behaviour of the predator, suggesting that the attack behaviour of P. fuscus was robust to this environmental change. This is the first study to address how the kinematics and swimming performance at the basis of predator-prey interactions may change in response to concurrent exposure to elevated CO2 and high temperatures and represents an important step to forecasting the responses of interacting species to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridie J M Allan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia .,Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande (Oristano), Italy
| | - Sue Ann Watson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Mark I McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.,Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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45
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Nagelkerken I, Pitt KA, Rutte MD, Geertsma RC. Ocean acidification alters fish-jellyfish symbiosis. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1146. [PMID: 27358374 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships are common in nature, and are important for individual fitness and sustaining species populations. Global change is rapidly altering environmental conditions, but, with the exception of coral-microalgae interactions, we know little of how this will affect symbiotic relationships. We here test how the effects of ocean acidification, from rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions, may alter symbiotic interactions between juvenile fish and their jellyfish hosts. Fishes treated with elevated seawater CO2 concentrations, as forecast for the end of the century on a business-as-usual greenhouse gas emission scenario, were negatively affected in their behaviour. The total time that fish (yellowtail scad) spent close to their jellyfish host in a choice arena where they could see and smell their host was approximately three times shorter under future compared with ambient CO2 conditions. Likewise, the mean number of attempts to associate with jellyfish was almost three times lower in CO2-treated compared with control fish, while only 63% (high CO2) versus 86% (control) of all individuals tested initiated an association at all. By contrast, none of three fish species tested were attracted solely to jellyfish olfactory cues under present-day CO2 conditions, suggesting that the altered fish-jellyfish association is not driven by negative effects of ocean acidification on olfaction. Because shelter is not widely available in the open water column and larvae of many (and often commercially important) pelagic species associate with jellyfish for protection against predators, modification of the fish-jellyfish symbiosis might lead to higher mortality and alter species population dynamics, and potentially have flow-on effects for their fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, DX 650 418, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Kylie A Pitt
- Griffith School of Environment and Australian Rivers Institute (ARI)-Coast and Estuaries, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Melchior D Rutte
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, DX 650 418, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Robbert C Geertsma
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, DX 650 418, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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46
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Jellison BM, Ninokawa AT, Hill TM, Sanford E, Gaylord B. Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0890. [PMID: 27358371 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Organism-level effects of ocean acidification (OA) are well recognized. Less understood are OA's consequences for ecological species interactions. Here, we examine a behaviourally mediated predator-prey interaction within the rocky intertidal zone of the temperate eastern Pacific Ocean, using it as a model system to explore OA's capacity to impair invertebrate anti-predator behaviours more broadly. Our system involves the iconic sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, that elicits flee responses in numerous gastropod prey. We examine, in particular, the capacity for OA-associated reductions in pH to alter flight behaviours of the black turban snail, Tegula funebralis, an often-abundant and well-studied grazer in the system. We assess interactions between these species at 16 discrete levels of pH, quantifying the full functional response of Tegula under present and near-future OA conditions. Results demonstrate the disruption of snail anti-predator behaviours at low pH, with decreases in the time individuals spend in refuge locations. We also show that fluctuations in pH, including those typical of rock pools inhabited by snails, do not materially change outcomes, implying little capacity for episodically benign pH conditions to aid behavioural recovery. Together, these findings suggest a strong potential for OA to induce cascading community-level shifts within this long-studied ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron T Ninokawa
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Tessa M Hill
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric Sanford
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian Gaylord
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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47
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Clements JC, Bourque D, McLaughlin J, Stephenson M, Comeau LA. Extreme ocean acidification reduces the susceptibility of eastern oyster shells to a polydorid parasite. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1573-1585. [PMID: 28429861 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification poses a threat to marine organisms. While the physiological and behavioural effects of ocean acidification have received much attention, the effects of acidification on the susceptibility of farmed shellfish to parasitic infections are poorly understood. Here we describe the effects of moderate (pH 7.5) and extreme (pH 7.0) ocean acidification on the susceptibility of Crassostrea virginica shells to infection by a parasitic polydorid, Polydora websteri. Under laboratory conditions, shells were exposed to three pH treatments (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0) for 3- and 5-week periods. Treated shells were subsequently transferred to an oyster aquaculture site (which had recently reported an outbreak of P. websteri) for 50 days to test for effects of pH and exposure time on P. websteri recruitment to oyster shells. Results indicated that pH and exposure time did not affect the length, width or weight of the shells. Interestingly, P. websteri counts were significantly lower under extreme (pH 7.0; ~50% reduction), but not moderate (pH 7.5; ~20% reduction) acidification levels; exposure time had no effect. This study suggests that extreme levels - but not current and projected near-future levels - of acidification (∆pH ~1 unit) can reduce the susceptibility of eastern oyster shells to P. websteri infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Clements
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - D Bourque
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - J McLaughlin
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - M Stephenson
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - L A Comeau
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, Moncton, NB, Canada
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48
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Ong EZ, Briffa M, Moens T, Van Colen C. Physiological responses to ocean acidification and warming synergistically reduce condition of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 130:38-47. [PMID: 28712827 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the common cockle Cerastoderma edule was investigated in a fully crossed laboratory experiment. Survival of the examined adult organisms remained high and was not affected by elevated temperature (+3 °C) or lowered pH (-0.3 units). However, the morphometric condition index of the cockles incubated under high pCO2 conditions (i.e. combined warming and acidification) was significantly reduced after six weeks of incubation. Respiration rates increased significantly under low pH, with highest rates measured under combined warm and low pH conditions. Calcification decreased significantly under low pH while clearance rates increased significantly under warm conditions and were generally lower in low pH treatments. The observed physiological responses suggest that the reduced food intake under hypercapnia is insufficient to support the higher energy requirements to compensate for the higher costs for basal maintenance and growth in future high pCO2 waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Z Ong
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - M Briffa
- Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - T Moens
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Van Colen
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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49
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Ferrari MC, McCormick MI, Watson SA, Meekan MG, Munday PL, Chivers DP. Predation in High CO2 Waters: Prey Fish from High-Risk Environments are Less Susceptible to Ocean Acidification. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:55-62. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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50
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Wu F, Wang T, Cui S, Xie Z, Dupont S, Zeng J, Gu H, Kong H, Hu M, Lu W, Wang Y. Effects of seawater pH and temperature on foraging behavior of the Japanese stone crab Charybdis japonica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:99-108. [PMID: 28479147 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined prey selection and foraging behaviors of the crab Charybdis japonica exposed to four combinations of pH (7.3 and 8.1) and temperature (18°C and 25°C). The order of prey selection by C. japonica was Potamocorbula laevis, Ruditapes philippinarum, Tegillarca granosa and Mactra veneriformis. Under high pCO2, times for searching, breaking, eating and handling were all significantly longer than those at the normal pCO2, and the prey profitability and predation rate under high pCO2 were significantly lower than normal pCO2. Moreover, temperature significantly influenced the foraging behaviors, but its effects were not as strong as those of pH; times for searching, eating and handling under high temperature were significantly lower than the low temperature, and the prey predation rates under high temperature was significantly higher than low temperature. In conclusion, high pCO2 negatively affected the foraging behavior, but high temperature actively stimulated the foraging behaviors of crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuaikang Cui
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhe Xie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Infrastructure - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Jiangning Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaxin Gu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Kong
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Infrastructure - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden; National Marine Biosciences International Joint Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China.
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