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Espinasse B, Pagano M, Basedow SL, Chevalier C, Malengros D, Carlotti F. Water column distribution of zooplanktonic size classes derived from in-situ plankton profilers: Potential use to contextualize contaminant loads in plankton. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115573. [PMID: 37778243 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollution is one of the main anthropogenic threats to marine ecosystems. Studies analysing the accumulation and transfer of contaminants in planktonic food webs tend to rely on samples collected in discrete water bodies. Here, we assessed the representativeness of measurements at the chlorophyll-a maximum layer during the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise for the entire water column by investigating the vertical distribution of particles and plankton obtained by in-situ optical profilers at nine stations across the Mediterranean Sea. We identified specific conditions where the interpretation of results from contaminant analyses can be improved by detailing plankton size structure and vertical distributions. First, the presence of higher than usual plankton concentrations can result in sampling issues that will affect biomass estimation within each size class and therefore bias our understanding of the contaminant dynamics. Secondly, the presence of an unsampled water layer with high zooplankton biomass might imply non-resolved contaminant pathways along the trophic structure. This study lays the basis for optimizing sampling strategy in contaminant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Espinasse
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - M Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S L Basedow
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - C Chevalier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - D Malengros
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - F Carlotti
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
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2
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Guigue C, Tesán-Onrubia JA, Guyomarc'h L, Bănaru D, Carlotti F, Pagano M, Chifflet S, Malengros D, Chouba L, Tronczynski J, Tedetti M. Hydrocarbons in size-fractionated plankton of the Mediterranean Sea (MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE campaign). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115386. [PMID: 37591021 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs and PAHs, respectively) were analyzed in the dissolved fraction (<0.7 μm) of surface water and in various particulate/planktonic size fractions (0.7-60, 60-200, 200-500 and 500-1000 μm) collected at the deep chlorophyll maximum, along a North-South transect in the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2019 (MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE campaign). Suspended particulate matter, biomass, total chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, C and N isotopic ratios, and lipid biomarkers were also determined to help characterizing the size-fractionated plankton and highlight the potential link with the content in AHs and PAHs in these size fractions. Ʃ28AH concentrations ranged 18-489 ng L-1 for water, 3.9-72 μg g-1 dry weight (dw) for the size fraction 0.7-60 μm, and 3.4-55 μg g-1 dw for the fractions 60-200, 200-500 and 500-1000 μm. AH molecular profiles revealed that they were mainly of biogenic origin. Ʃ14PAH concentrations were 0.9-16 ng L-1 for water, and Ʃ27PAH concentrations were 53-220 ng g-1 dw for the fraction 0.7-60 μm and 35-255 ng g-1 dw for the three higher fractions, phenanthrene being the most abundant compound in planktonic compartment. Two processes were evidenced concerning the PAH patterns, the bioreduction, i.e., the decrease in concentrations from the small size fractions (0.7-60 and 60-200 μm) to the higher ones (200-500 μm and 500-1000 μm), and the biodilution, i.e., the decrease in concentrations in plankton at higher suspended matter or biomass, especially for the 0.7-60 and 60-200-μm size fractions. We estimated the biological pump fluxes of Ʃ27PAHs below 100-m depth in the Western Mediterranean Sea at 15 ± 10 ng m-2 day-1, which is comparable to those previously reported in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Léa Guyomarc'h
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Daniela Bănaru
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - François Carlotti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Chifflet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Deny Malengros
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Lassaad Chouba
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Jacek Tronczynski
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
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3
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Fierro-González P, Pagano M, Guilloux L, Makhlouf N, Tedetti M, Carlotti F. Zooplankton biomass, size structure, and associated metabolic fluxes with focus on its roles at the chlorophyll maximum layer during the plankton-contaminant MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115056. [PMID: 37352804 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that plankton can be a key pathway for the uptake and transfer of contaminants entering the marine environment up to top predators. The plankton-contaminant MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise was devoted to quantifying contaminants in water and the whole plankton size range (10 size fractions) at 10 stations along a north-south transect in the western Mediterranean Sea from the French to the Tunisian coasts through the Provençal and Algerian basins. Pumping and filtering devices and net sampling have been used for collecting very high amounts of small particles and planktonic organisms in the chlorophyll maximum layer (CML). The present paper characterizes the zooplankton components for which the contaminant measurements were carried out. At each station, a horizontal towed Hydro-Bios net with a 60 μm mesh-size net was used to discriminate 5 size-fractions from 60 μm to a few mm. For each size-fraction, one part of the sample was used for dry weight measurements and the other one for estimating the contribution to biomass of detritus, phytoplankton, and among zooplankton of the major taxonomic groups based on the imagery tools ZOOSCAN and FLOWCAM. In each zooplankton size fraction, metabolic rates were calculated from the size spectrum to estimate trophic and excretion fluxes flowing through this fraction. These observations were compared to a similar analysis of tows in the upper layer (vertical) and the surface layer (horizontal). The total sampled biomass concentration at the CML was higher than in the water column (COL) and much higher than at the surface (SURF) in most of the stations, but in the CML and COL a substantial contribution was due to detritus mostly concentrated in the smallest size-fractions (60-200 μm and 200-500 μm). Absolute values of zooplankton biomass show neither a clear spatial pattern nor a significant difference between strata. The CML layer was dominated by copepods similarly to COL and SURF, but presented a higher contribution of nauplii and a near absence of appendicularians. At some stations, crustaceans and gelatinous plankton could be important contributors to CML. The zooplankton biomass composition of the two smallest fractions (<500 μm) was dominated by nauplii, small copepods and, occasionally, by small miscellaneous organisms (mostly pteropodes). In contrast, clear differences between stations appeared for the largest fractions (>500 μm) due to large crustaceans, gelatinous organisms, and chaetognaths. These changes in biomass composition according to size fractions suggest a progressive trophic shift from dominant herbivory in the smallest fractions to more contrasted trophic structure (including carnivory) in the largest fractions. The daily carbon demand and the N and P excretion of zooplankton were on average higher at the CML but with no significant difference with COL. The zooplankton grazing represented 2.7 to 22.7 % of the phytoplankton stock per day, whereas its excretion represented a daily N and P recycling compared to dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus stocks ranging respectively from 0.2 to 19 % and from 0 to 21 %. This information should help in the interpretation of the content of various contaminants in zooplankton fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Fierro-González
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Loïc Guilloux
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Nouha Makhlouf
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; Université de Carthage Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - François Carlotti
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
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Tedetti M, Tronczynski J, Carlotti F, Pagano M, Ismail SB, Sammari C, Hassen MB, Desboeufs K, Poindron C, Chifflet S, Zouari AB, Abdennadher M, Amri S, Bănaru D, Abdallah LB, Bhairy N, Boudriga I, Bourin A, Brach-Papa C, Briant N, Cabrol L, Chevalier C, Chouba L, Coudray S, Yahia MND, de Garidel-Thoron T, Dufour A, Dutay JC, Espinasse B, Fierro-González P, Fornier M, Garcia N, Giner F, Guigue C, Guilloux L, Hamza A, Heimbürger-Boavida LE, Jacquet S, Knoery J, Lajnef R, Belkahia NM, Malengros D, Martinot PL, Bosse A, Mazur JC, Meddeb M, Misson B, Pringault O, Quéméneur M, Radakovitch O, Raimbault P, Ravel C, Rossi V, Rwawi C, Hlaili AS, Tesán-Onrubia JA, Thomas B, Thyssen M, Zaaboub N, Garnier C. Contamination of planktonic food webs in the Mediterranean Sea: Setting the frame for the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE oceanographic cruise (spring 2019). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114765. [PMID: 36898272 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper looks at experiential feedback and the technical and scientific challenges tied to the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise that took place in the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2019. This cruise proposes an innovative approach to investigate the accumulation and transfer of inorganic and organic contaminants within the planktonic food webs. We present detailed information on how the cruise worked, including 1) the cruise track and sampling stations, 2) the overall strategy, based mainly on the collection of plankton, suspended particles and water at the deep chlorophyll maximum, and the separation of these particles and planktonic organisms into various size fractions, as well as the collection of atmospheric deposition, 3) the operations performed and material used at each station, and 4) the sequence of operations and main parameters analysed. The paper also provides the main environmental conditions that were prevailing during the campaign. Lastly, we present the types of articles produced based on work completed by the cruise that are part of this special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.
| | - Jacek Tronczynski
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - François Carlotti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Sana Ben Ismail
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Cherif Sammari
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Malika Bel Hassen
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Karine Desboeufs
- Université Paris Cité et Université Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Poindron
- Université Paris Cité et Université Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chifflet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Amel Bellaaj Zouari
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Abdennadher
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Amri
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Daniela Bănaru
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Lotfi Ben Abdallah
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Nagib Bhairy
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Ismail Boudriga
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Aude Bourin
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Brach-Papa
- Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Zone portuaire de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Léa Cabrol
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Cristele Chevalier
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Lassaad Chouba
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Sylvain Coudray
- Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Zone portuaire de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Nejib Daly Yahia
- Environmental Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Aurélie Dufour
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Dutay
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Boris Espinasse
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Michel Fornier
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Nicole Garcia
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Giner
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SRTE-LRTA, Cadarache, France
| | - Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Loïc Guilloux
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Asma Hamza
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | | | - Stéphanie Jacquet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Joel Knoery
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Rim Lajnef
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Makhlouf Belkahia
- Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Deny Malengros
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline L Martinot
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Bosse
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Mazur
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
| | - Marouan Meddeb
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale et Phytoplanctonologie, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Benjamin Misson
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
| | - Olivier Pringault
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Marianne Quéméneur
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Radakovitch
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SRTE-LRTA, Cadarache, France
| | - Patrick Raimbault
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Ravel
- Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Zone portuaire de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Rossi
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Chaimaa Rwawi
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Asma Sakka Hlaili
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques LR18ES41, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale et Phytoplanctonologie, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | | | - Bastien Thomas
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Melilotus Thyssen
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Noureddine Zaaboub
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
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Tesán-Onrubia JA, Tedetti M, Carlotti F, Tenaille M, Guilloux L, Pagano M, Lebreton B, Guillou G, Fierro-González P, Guigue C, Chifflet S, Garcia T, Boudriga I, Belhassen M, Zouari AB, Bănaru D. Spatial variations of biochemical content and stable isotope ratios of size-fractionated plankton in the Mediterranean Sea (MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE campaign). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114787. [PMID: 36878021 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plankton represents the main source of carbon in marine ecosystems and is consequently an important gateway for contaminants into the marine food webs. During the MERITE- HIPPOCAMPE campaign in the Mediterranean Sea (April-May 2019), plankton was sampled from pumping and net tows at 10 stations from the French coast to the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia) to obtain different size fractions in contrasted regions. This study combines various approaches, including biochemical analyses, analyses of stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N), cytometry analyses and mixing models (MixSiar) on size-fractions of phyto- and zooplankton from 0.7 to >2000 μm. Pico- and nanoplankton represented a large energetic resource at the base of pelagic food webs. Proteins, lipids, and stable isotope ratios increased with size in zooplankton and were higher than in phytoplankton. Stable isotope ratios suggest different sources of carbon and nutrients at the base of the planktonic food webs depending on the coast and the offshore area. In addition, a link between productivity and trophic pathways was shown, with high trophic levels and low zooplankton biomass recorded in the offshore area. The results of our study highlight spatial variations of the trophic structure within the plankton size-fractions and will contribute to assess the role of the plankton as a biological pump of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - François Carlotti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Melissa Tenaille
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Loïc Guilloux
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Lebreton
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (CNRS - La Rochelle Université), La Rochelle, France
| | - Gaël Guillou
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (CNRS - La Rochelle Université), La Rochelle, France
| | - Pamela Fierro-González
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Chifflet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Théo Garcia
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Ismail Boudriga
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, 24, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Malika Belhassen
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, 24, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Amel Bellaaj Zouari
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, 24, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Daniela Bănaru
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
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6
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Boldrocchi G, Monticelli D, Bettinetti R. To what extent are filter feeder elasmobranchs exposed to marine pollution? A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120881. [PMID: 36528198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Filter feeding elasmobranchs may be considered as biological indicators of marine pollution, despite most of these species are under some degree of extinction risk. Among threats to this taxonomic group, marine pollution might represent an additional concern for their survival. In this review, a comprehensive systematic search of scientific literature on pollutants in filter feeding elasmobranchs was conducted to evaluate the bioaccumulation patterns, and risk for human consumers. We found that, despite an increasing trend in the number of published studies, the geographical coverage is still very limited and most of the studies focused solely on trace elements (70.8%). Among sharks, Rhincodon typus was the most represented species (66.7%), while Mobula mobular the most studied ray species (41.7%). Comparing the levels of pollutants in filter feeders between ocean basins, this review highlighted that Hg, As and Cd levels are mostly higher in those areas affected by both strong natural and anthropogenic source of emissions, such as the Indian Ocean. With regards to OCs, ΣPCB levels in muscle of C. maximus were between 4.3 and 50.5 μg kg-1 ww, highlighting a persistent contamination of PCB in the Mediterranean Sea. Some species exceeded the maximum allowable limits for foodstuff consumption for As, Cd and Pb. A total of 77.8% of the analyzed species exceeded the Environmental Quality Standards for Hg, while they were always below the EQSbiota for HCB, PBDEs, PFOS and DDT. Given their feeding mechanism that continuously samples the marine environment, further investigations are urgently needed to determine not only the extent of contaminant exposure in different hotspot locations but also the risks posed to the elasmobranch health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boldrocchi
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
| | - D Monticelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
| | - R Bettinetti
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
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7
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Akcha F, Coquillé N, Sussarellu R, Rouxel J, Chouvelon T, Gonzalez P, Legeay A, Bruzac S, Sireau T, Gonzalez JL, Gourves PY, Godfrin Y, Buchet V, Stachowski-Haberkorn S. Trophic transfer of copper decreases the condition index in Crassostrea gigas spat in concomitance with a change in the microalgal fatty acid profile and enhanced oyster energy demand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153841. [PMID: 35181356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to new usages and sources, copper (Cu) concentrations are increasing in the Arcachon Basin, an important shellfish production area in France. In the present paper, the trophic transfer of Cu was studied between a microalga, Tetraselmis suecica, and Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster) spat. An experimental approach was developed to assess Cu exposure, transfer and toxicity on both phytoplankton and spat. Exposure of microalgal cultures to Cu for 7-8 days (3.1 ± 0.1, 15.7 ± 0.2 and 50.4 ± 1.0 μg Cu·L-1 for the control, Cu15 and Cu50 conditions, respectively) led to concentrations in microalgae (28.3 ± 0.9 and 110.7 ± 11.9 mg Cu·kg dry weight-1 for Cu15 and Cu50, respectively) close to those measured in the field. Despite Cu accumulation, the physiology of the microalgae remained poorly affected. Exposed cultures could only be discriminated from controls by a higher relative content in intracellular reactive oxygen species, and a lower relative content in lipids together with a reduced metabolic activity. By contrast, the fatty acid profile of microalgae was modified, with a particularly relevant lower content of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]). Following 21 days of spat feeding with Cu15 and Cu50 microalgal cultures, trophic transfer of Cu was observed with a high initial Cu concentration in spat tissues. No effect was observed on oxidative stress endpoints. Cu exposure was responsible for a decrease in the spat condition index, an outcome that could be related to an insufficient DHA supply and extra energy demand as suggested by the overexpression of genes involved in energy metabolism, ATP synthesis and glycogen catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France.
| | - N Coquillé
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - R Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - J Rouxel
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - T Chouvelon
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Metallic Contaminants, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - P Gonzalez
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Arcachon, France
| | - A Legeay
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Arcachon, France
| | - S Bruzac
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Metallic Contaminants, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - T Sireau
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Metallic Contaminants, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - J-L Gonzalez
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Metallic Contaminants, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - P-Y Gourves
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Arcachon, France
| | - Y Godfrin
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - V Buchet
- Ifremer, Experimental Facilities for Marine Mollusks, 85230 Bouin, France
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Seawater, Sediment and Biota of Neritic Ecosystems: Occurrence and Partition Study in Southern Ligurian Sea. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is subjected to a high anthropic pressure, which determines direct or indirect discharges of persistent organic pollutants deriving from intensive industrial activities. These compounds could easily enter and contaminate the whole marine compartment, with possible transfers (and contamination) among water, sediment and biota. Based on the above-mentioned assumptions, in this work we studied the presence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 14 dioxin and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the neritic protected marine area of the Southern Ligurian Sea, affected by the impact of human activities. The study was focused on the possible partition of micropollutants within seawater, sediment and zooplankton. Results showed that both seasonal and anthropic causes strongly affect contaminant transfer behaviors, with summertime periods more impacted by PAH and PCB contamination. Regarding the PAH contamination, low molecular weight congeners were mainly detected in the target matrices, revealing concentrations up to 1 µg/L in seawater (anthracene), 250 µg/Kg in sediments (benzo[b]fluoranthene) and 2.3 mg/Kg in carnivorous copepods. Concerning PCBs, only few congeners were detected in the matrices studied. To better understand the occurrence of preferential bioaccumulation pathways in zooplankton, partition studies were also performed in several taxa (hyperbenthic Isopoda, holoplanktonic crustacean copepods and ichthyoplankton) through the calculation of BAF values, observing that both living and feeding habits could influence the bioaccumulation process.
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Schmidt N, Castro-Jiménez J, Oursel B, Sempéré R. Phthalates and organophosphate esters in surface water, sediments and zooplankton of the NW Mediterranean Sea: Exploring links with microplastic abundance and accumulation in the marine food web. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115970. [PMID: 33168380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surface seawater, sediment and zooplankton samples were collected from three different sampling stations in Marseille Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea) and were analyzed for both microplastics and organic plastic additives including seven phthalates (PAEs) and nine organophosphate esters (OPEs). PAE concentrations ranged from 100 to 527 ng L-1 (mean 191 ± 123 ng L-1) in seawater, 12-610 ng g-1 dw (mean 194 ± 193 ng g-1 dw) in sediment and 0.9-47 μg g-1 dw (mean 7.2 ± 10 μg g-1 dw) in zooplankton, whereas OPE concentrations varied between 9 and 1013 ng L-1 (mean 243 ± 327 ng L-1) in seawater, 13-49 ng g-1 dw (mean 25 ± 11 ng g-1 dw) in sediment and 0.4-4.6 μg g-1 dw (mean 1.6 ± 1.0 μg g-1 dw) in zooplankton. Microplastic counts in seawater ranged from 0 to 0.3 items m-3 (mean 0.05 ± 0.05 items m-3). We observed high fluctuations in contaminant concentrations in zooplankton between different sampling events. However, the smallest zooplankton size class generally exhibited the highest PAE and OPE concentrations. Field-derived bioconcentration factors (BCFs) showed that certain compounds are prone to bioaccumulate in zooplankton, including some of the most widely used chlorinated OPEs, but with different intensity depending on the zooplankton size-class. The concentration of plastic additives in surface waters and the abundance of microplastic particles were not correlated, implying that they are not necessarily good indicators for each other in this compartment. This is the first comprehensive study on the occurrence and temporal variability of PAEs and OPEs in the coastal Mediterranean based on the parallel collection of water, sediment and differently sized zooplankton samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schmidt
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France.
| | - Javier Castro-Jiménez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France; IFREMER, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants (LBCO), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
| | - Benjamin Oursel
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France.
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France.
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10
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Wiśniewska K, Lewandowska AU, Śliwińska-Wilczewska S. The importance of cyanobacteria and microalgae present in aerosols to human health and the environment - Review study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104964. [PMID: 31351382 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microalgae and cyanobacteria are among the least studied organisms in aerobiology. While those of them living in freshwater and seawater are well recognized, those constituting the components of aerosols are rarely the focus of research. However, their presence has been noted by scientists from all over the world. The presence of these organisms is not indifferent to the environment as they participate in the formation of clouds and influence both the hydrological cycle and Earth's climate. Recent studies have concentrated mostly on the negative impact of airborne cyanobacteria and microalgae, as well as the toxic compounds they produce, on human health. This review focuses on measurement results published on those bioaerosols, combining the achievements of scientists from the last century with the latest reports and trends. Within it gaps in current knowledge are discussed, including the role of airborne organisms in the transport of harmful chemicals like PAHs and heavy metals. The current studies on which it is based emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of the measurement methods used in sampling and analysing. It also visualizes, in the form of maps, where research on bioaerosols has so far been conducted, while at the same time determining the share of organisms potentially dangerous to human health. In addition, we have also tried to recommend future research directions for both environmental and laboratory-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wiśniewska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Division of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Av. M. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - A U Lewandowska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Division of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Av. M. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - S Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Al. M. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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11
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Chouvelon T, Strady E, Harmelin-Vivien M, Radakovitch O, Brach-Papa C, Crochet S, Knoery J, Rozuel E, Thomas B, Tronczynski J, Chiffoleau JF. Patterns of trace metal bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in a phytoplankton-zooplankton-small pelagic fish marine food web. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:1013-1030. [PMID: 31430843 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal contamination in the European sardine and anchovy food web was investigated in the Gulf of Lions, NW Mediterranean Sea, including seawater and size fractions of plankton. The results highlighted: i) higher and more variable concentrations in the smaller plankton size classes for all metals except cadmium; ii) higher concentrations in anchovy versus sardine for all elements except lead; iii) different patterns of metal bioaccumulation through the food web: cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, lead and zinc displayed continuously decreasing concentrations (with the exception of increased zinc in fish only), while mercury concentrations dropped considerably in larger plankton size classes and rose significantly in fish. Lastly, cadmium concentrations were found to be highest in intermediate plankton size classes, with very low levels in fish. The need to efficiently characterize the biological composition of plankton in order to fully identify its role in the mobilization and transfer of metals was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Chouvelon
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Emilie Strady
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, Université de Toulon, CNRS /IRD, France
| | - Mireille Harmelin-Vivien
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, Université de Toulon, CNRS /IRD, France
| | - Olivier Radakovitch
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll. France, CEREGE, 13617 Aix-en-Provence, France; Institut de radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, BP3, 13115 Saint-Paul-Les-Durance, France
| | - Christophe Brach-Papa
- Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Zone portuaire de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507 La Seyne sur Mer Cedex, France
| | - Sylvette Crochet
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Joël Knoery
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rozuel
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Bastien Thomas
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Jacek Tronczynski
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Jean-François Chiffoleau
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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12
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Gerdes Z, Ogonowski M, Nybom I, Ek C, Adolfsson-Erici M, Barth A, Gorokhova E. Microplastic-mediated transport of PCBs? A depuration study with Daphnia magna. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0205378. [PMID: 30779782 PMCID: PMC6380591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microplastic (MP) as a carrier of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to aquatic organisms has been a topic of debate. However, the reverse POP transport can occur if relative contaminant concentrations are higher in the organism than in the microplastic. We evaluated the effect of microplastic on the PCB removal in planktonic animals by exposing the cladoceran Daphnia magna with a high body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 18, 40, 128 and 209) to a mixture of microplastic and algae; daphnids exposed to only algae served as the control. As the endpoints, we used PCB body burden, growth, fecundity and elemental composition (%C and %N) of the daphnids. In the daphnids fed with microplastic, PCB 209 was removed more efficiently, while there was no difference for any other congeners and ΣPCBs between the microplastic-exposed and control animals. Also, higher size-specific egg production in the animals carrying PCB and receiving food mixed with microplastics was observed. However, the effects of the microplastic exposure on fecundity were of low biological significance, because the PCB body burden and the microplastic exposure concentrations were greatly exceeding environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandra Gerdes
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Ogonowski
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aquabiota Water Research AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Freshwater Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inna Nybom
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ek
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Jia Y, Chen Q, Crawford SE, Song L, Chen W, Hammers-Wirtz M, Strauss T, Seiler TB, Schäffer A, Hollert H. Cyanobacterial blooms act as sink and source of endocrine disruptors in the third largest freshwater lake in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:408-418. [PMID: 30453139 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are of global concern due to the multiple harmful risks they pose towards aquatic ecosystem and human health. However, information on the fate of organic pollutants mediated by cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water remains elusive. In the present study, endocrine disruptive potentials of phytoplankton samples were evaluated throughout a year-long surveillance in a large and eutrophic freshwater lake. Severe cyanobacterial blooms persisted during our sampling campaigns. Estrogenic agonistic, anti-estrogenic, anti-androgenic, and anti-glucocorticogenic effects were observed in the phytoplankton samples using in vitro reporter gene bioassays. 27 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) of different modes of action were detected in the samples via UPLC-MS/MS system. Results from mass balance analysis indicated that the measured estrogenic activities were greater than the predicted estrogenic potencies from chemical analysis, demonstrating that chemical analysis of targeted EDCs is unable to fully explain the compounds responsible for the observed estrogenicities. Results from Spearman's correlation analysis concluded that the concentrations of ten EDCs in phytoplankton samples were negatively correlated with cyanobacterial biomass, suggesting the potential occurrence of biomass bio-dilution effects of EDCs due to the huge biomass of cyanobacteria during bloom seasons. The present study provided complementary information about the potential endocrine disruptive risks of cyanobacterial blooms, which is important for understanding and regulating EDCs in eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Qiqing Chen
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lirong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment, Gaiac, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tido Strauss
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment, Gaiac, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Chair of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China; Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, China
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14
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Alekseenko E, Thouvenin B, Tronczyński J, Carlotti F, Garreau P, Tixier C, Baklouti M. Modeling of PCB trophic transfer in the Gulf of Lions; 3D coupled model application. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 128:140-155. [PMID: 29571357 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
3D coupled modeling approach is used for the PCB dispersion assessment in the Gulf of Lion and its transfer to zooplankton via biogeochemical processes. PCB budgets and fluxes between the different species of PCB: dissolved, particulate, biosorbed on plankton, assimilated by zooplankton, which are governed by different processes: adsorption/desorption, bacteria and plankton mortality, zooplankton excretion, grazing, mineralization, volatilization have been estimated. Model outputs were compared with the available in situ data. It was found that the Rhone River outflows play an important role in the organism contamination in the coastal zone, whereas the atmospheric depositions are rather more important in the offshore zones. The transfer of the available contaminant to bacteria and phytoplankton species is mainly related to the biomass present in the water column. Absorption fluxes (grazing) to zooplankton are rather higher than the passive sorption fluxes, which are themselves also linked to the sorption coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alekseenko
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanography, Russian Academy of Sciences (SIO RAS), Nakhimosvskiy 36, 117218 Moscow, Russia; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France.
| | - B Thouvenin
- IFREMER, Dynamiques des Ecosystèmes Côtiers, Z.I. Pointe du Diable, BP70, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - J Tronczyński
- IFREMER, RBE/BE/LBCO, B.P. 21105, Nantes 44311, France
| | - F Carlotti
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Marseille, Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - P Garreau
- IFREMER, Univ. Brest, CNRS UMR 6523, IRD, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, 29280 Brest, France
| | - C Tixier
- IFREMER, RBE/BE/LBCO, B.P. 21105, Nantes 44311, France
| | - M Baklouti
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Marseille, Cedex 09 13288, France
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15
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Guo R, Du Y, Zheng F, Wang J, Wang Z, Ji R, Chen J. Bioaccumulation and elimination of bisphenol a (BPA) in the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the potential for trophic transfer to the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:460-467. [PMID: 28494397 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation and elimination of 14C-labeled BPA by the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the subsequent transfer of 14C-BPA residues from the contaminated alga to the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. After 10 days of BPA exposure, the algal cells accumulated 15% of the initial radioactivity from the medium, with 71% of the accumulated radioactivity occurring in the form of non-extractable bound residues. An approximate steady state of the accumulation of the 14C-BPA residues in the algae was reached after about 4 days of exposure. The bioconcentration factor of total radioactivity in the algae was 106 mL (g dry weight)-1 at steady state. During the elimination phase, only the extractable residues were released from the algae into the water whereas the bound residues, following their ingestion by the rotifers, were converted to extractable forms and then also released. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the biomagnification of BPA-related residues in the food chain between algae and rotifers. The trophic transfer of these BPA-derived residues from the algae to rotifers and thus the environmental hazard may posed by this pathway, because of subsequent effects on the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengzhu Zheng
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Jiangsu Academic of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, 210036, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ji
- Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, 210046, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & Department of Environmental Science, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Cibic T, Bongiorni L, Borfecchia F, Di Leo A, Franzo A, Giandomenico S, Karuza A, Micheli C, Rogelja M, Spada L, Del Negro P. Ecosystem functioning approach applied to a large contaminated coastal site: the study case of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12739-12754. [PMID: 26162444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on ecosystem functioning can largely contribute to promote ecosystem-based management and its application. The Mar Piccolo of Taranto is a densely populated area at a high risk of environmental crisis. Here, planktonic primary production (PP) and heterotrophic prokaryotic production (HPP) were measured as proxies of functioning in three sampling sites located in two inlets at different levels of industrial contamination, during three sampling surveys (June 2013, February and April 2014). To have a better overall view and provide some insights into the benthic-pelagic coupling, we integrated PP and HPP in the water column with those in the sediments and then discussed this with the origin of the organic matter pools based on analysis of stable isotopes. Heavy metals and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) were also analysed in the surface (1 cm) sediment layer and related to the overall ecosystem functioning. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, based on the main data, clearly separated the second inlet from the first one, more severely impacted by anthropogenic activities. The stable isotope mixing model suggested the prevalent terrestrial/riverine origin of the particulate organic matter pools (mean 45.5 %) in all sampling periods, whereas phytoplankton contributed up to 29 % in February. Planktonic PP and HPP rates followed the same pattern over the entire study period and seemed to respond to phytoplankton dynamics confirming this community as the main driver for the C cycling in the water column. On the contrary, benthic PP rates were almost negligible while HPP rates were lower or comparable to those in the water column indicating that although the Mar Piccolo is very shallow, the water column is much more productive than the surface sediments. The sediment resuspension is likely responsible for a pulsed input of contaminants into the water column. However, their interference with the proper functioning of the pelagic ecosystem seems to be limited to the bottom layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cibic
- OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Sezione Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lucia Bongiorni
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venezia, Italy
| | - Flavio Borfecchia
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia Roma, C.P. 2400/00123S. Maria di Galeria, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Leo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero-IAMC, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Annalisa Franzo
- OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Sezione Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Santina Giandomenico
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero-IAMC, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Ana Karuza
- OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Sezione Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carla Micheli
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia Roma, C.P. 2400/00123S. Maria di Galeria, Roma, Italy
| | - Manja Rogelja
- OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Sezione Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
- Università di Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Spada
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero-IAMC, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Paola Del Negro
- OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Sezione Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
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17
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Di Leo A, Annicchiarico C, Cardellicchio N, Cibic T, Comici C, Giandomenico S, Spada L. Mobilization of trace metals and PCBs from contaminated marine sediments of the Mar Piccolo in Taranto during simulated resuspension experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12777-12790. [PMID: 26438371 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sediment resuspension on the fate of metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied by using a short-term small reactor. Sediments and water were collected nearby the most contaminated site of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto. Contaminant partitioning was calculated between the solid and water phases and, in the latter, between the dissolved and particulate phases and related to physical-chemical variables. Before and after resuspension, metal concentrations in sediments did not vary remarkably. Except for Cd, all the analyzed metals exceeded by many folds both threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL) SQGs. Igeo index values for Hg designated the sediment quality as extremely polluted for Pb, Cu and moderately polluted for Zn. In the dissolved phase, Mn increased of about 70 times, Fe of about 7 times and Hg and Zn of 4 and 3 times, respectively. PCBs in sediments before and after resuspension did not vary for more than 15 %. PCB concentrations exceeded for more than ten times PEL values. After resuspension, PCBs increased from 0.82 to 4.82 ng L(-1) in the dissolved phase and from 0.22 to 202.21 ng L(-1) in the particulate one. The dissolved phase was initially enriched in light- to mid-weight compounds. After resuspension, the particulate phase was enriched in heavier congeners. In particular, hexachlorobiphenyl-153, 149 and 138 together with heptachlorobiphenyl-180 and 187 accounted for 57 % of total PCBs. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that increased from 1.31 to 8.55 mg L(-1) likely influenced the fate of metals and PCBs in the dissolved and particulate phases. Despite that the residence time of the contaminated resuspended sediments in the water column is limited, they are still highly toxic for the pelagic trophic web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Leo
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC)-CNR, Talassografico "A. Cerruti", via Roma 3, 74121, Taranto, Italy
| | - Cristina Annicchiarico
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC)-CNR, Talassografico "A. Cerruti", via Roma 3, 74121, Taranto, Italy
| | - Nicola Cardellicchio
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC)-CNR, Talassografico "A. Cerruti", via Roma 3, 74121, Taranto, Italy
| | - Tamara Cibic
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia of Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Sezione Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia Comici
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia of Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Sezione Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Santina Giandomenico
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC)-CNR, Talassografico "A. Cerruti", via Roma 3, 74121, Taranto, Italy.
| | - Lucia Spada
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC)-CNR, Talassografico "A. Cerruti", via Roma 3, 74121, Taranto, Italy
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18
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Staniszewska M, Nehring I, Mudrak-Cegiołka S. Changes of concentrations and possibility of accumulation of bisphenol A and alkylphenols, depending on biomass and composition, in zooplankton of the Southern Baltic (Gulf of Gdansk). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:489-501. [PMID: 26970874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The focus of the present study was to find the relationship between concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) in zooplankton and seasonal changes in the composition and biomass of particular zooplankton taxa in the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic) in the years 2011-2012. Assays of BPA, OP and NP in water and zooplankton samples were performed using the HPLC/FL system. High mean concentrations of the studied compounds, determined in spring (405.9 (BPA); 25.7 (OP); 111.2 (NP) ng g(-1) dw), can be linked to the high proportion of meroplankton in that season. Rotifera also had an influence on the rise in concentrations of the studied compounds but to a lesser degree, while the lowest concentrations (determined in summer) can be associated with the high participation of Copepoda and Cladocera in zooplankton biomass. It was also observed that juvenile forms can be more susceptible to accumulating endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). This is indicated by the positive correlation between BPA concentration in zooplankton and the proportion of Copepoda nauplii biomass in spring (r = 0.90; p < 0.05). In most cases, greater zooplankton biomass accumulated higher concentrations and loads of the studied compounds. With biomass growth (to 123.32 μg m(-3)), the bioconcentration factor also rose (to max 46.1·10(3)), demonstrating that unlike typical hydrophobic compounds the studied EDCs do not become "diluted" in zooplankton biomass. The highest BPA concentrations from all compounds may be connected with anthropogenic sources located in the coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Staniszewska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Iga Nehring
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Stella Mudrak-Cegiołka
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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19
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Cresson P, Ruitton S, Harmelin-Vivien M. Feeding strategies of co-occurring suspension feeders in an oligotrophic environment. FOOD WEBS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Staniszewska M, Nehring I, Zgrundo A. The role of phytoplankton composition, biomass and cell volume in accumulation and transfer of endocrine disrupting compounds in the Southern Baltic Sea (The Gulf of Gdansk). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:319-28. [PMID: 26433181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) like bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) are introduced to the trophic webs through among others phytoplankton. This paper describes BPA, OP and NP concentrations in phytoplankton in the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea) in the years 2011-2012. The assays of BPA, OP and NP in samples were performed using HPLC with fluorescence detection. The concentrations of BPA, the most commonly used of the three compounds, were over ten times higher than OP and NP concentrations. The concentrations of the studied EDCs in phytoplankton from the Gulf of Gdansk depended on anthropogenic factors and on phytoplankton properties (species composition, biomass, volume). An increase in phytoplankton biomass did not always result in an increase of BPA, OP and NP concentrations. However, the load of the studied EDCs accumulated in phytoplankton biomass increase with a rise of biomass. An increase in BPA, OP and NP concentrations was effected by biomass growth and the proportions ofciliates, dinoflagellates, diatoms and green algae. A strong positive correlation between OP and NP concentrations and negative correlation between BPA concentrations and biomass of organisms with cells measuring <1000 μm(3) in volume results from the differing properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Staniszewska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Iga Nehring
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Zgrundo
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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21
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Morales L, Dachs J, Fernández-Pinos MC, Berrojalbiz N, Mompean C, González-Gaya B, Jiménez B, Bode A, Ábalos M, Abad E. Oceanic Sink and Biogeochemical Controls on the Accumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in Plankton. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13853-13861. [PMID: 26115052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were measured in plankton samples from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans collected during the Malaspina circumnavigation cruise. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in plankton averaged 14 and 240 pg gdw(-1), respectively, but concentrations were highly variable. The global distribution of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs was not driven by proximity to continents but significantly correlated with plankton biomass, with higher plankton phase PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations at lower biomass. These trends are consistent with the interactions between atmospheric deposition, biomass dilution, and settling fluxes of organic matter in the water column (biological pump), as key processes driving POPs plankton phase concentrations in the global oceans. The application of a model of the air-water-plankton diffusive exchange reproduces in part the influence of biomass on plankton phase concentrations and suggests future modeling priorities. The estimated oceanic sink (Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans) due to settling fluxes of organic matter bound PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs is of 400 and 10,500 kg y(-1), respectively. The atmospheric inputs due to gross diffusive absorption and dry deposition are nearly 3 and 10 times larger for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, respectively, than the oceanic sink. These observations suggest that the coupling of atmospheric deposition with water column cycling supports and drives the accumulation of dl-PCBs and PCDD/Fs in plankton from the global oligotrophic oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Fernández-Pinos
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Naiara Berrojalbiz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Carmen Mompean
- A Coruña Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, IEO , A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Belén González-Gaya
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Bode
- A Coruña Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, IEO , A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuela Ábalos
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Esteban Abad
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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