1
|
Rasta M, Khodadoust A, S Taleshi M, S Lashkaryan N, Shi X. Potential use of gammarus (Pontogammarus maeoticus) and shrimp (Palaemon elegans) as biomonitors of microplastics pollution in coastal environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:124959. [PMID: 39278554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, necessitating robust biomonitoring to assess aquatic risks and inform effective policymaking. In this study we investigated MPs pollution in gammarus (Pontogammarus maeoticus), shrimp (Palaemon elegans), sediment and water samples of southern coast of the Caspian Sea to assess the potential use of these two crustaceans as biomonitors of MPs pollution, bioconcentration of MPs in organisms' tissue and the pollution risks of MPs in environmental matrices. Samples were collected from 6 stations during June to August 2023. MPs were found in all compartments with an average of 100 ± 45.34 items/kg dry weight, 0.45 ± 0.06 items/L, 0.38 ± 0.21 items/individual or 0.58 ± 0.34 items/g wet weight (ww) and 0.26 ± 0.15 items/individual or 8.69 ± 7.88 items/g ww, for sediments, seawaters, P. elegans and P. maeoticus, respectively. MPs were prevailed by class 300-1000 μm in size, polyamide in polymer, fiber in shape and black in color. P. maeoticus and P. elegans did not meet the selection criteria as MPs biomonitors. However, bioconcentration factor (BCF) illustrated that both crustaceans can absorb and accumulate MPs from their surrounding water (BCF >1). Based on contamination factors (CF) values, sampling stations were polluted with MPs (1 ≤ CF < 6). The overall pollution load index (PLI) for sediment and seawater stations were 2.47 and 1.88, respectively, indicating minor contamination with MPs in the risk level I. Current research provides useful information on MPs pollution in crustaceans species and the risk level of MPs in environmental matrices that can be suitable for bioaccumulation hazard assessment and future monitoring programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasta
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
| | - Ali Khodadoust
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba S Taleshi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Oceanic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Niloofar S Lashkaryan
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaotao Shi
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Köktürk M, Özgeriş FB, Atamanalp M, Uçar A, Özdemir S, Parlak V, Duyar HA, Alak G. Microplastic-induced oxidative stress response in turbot and potential intake by humans. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:296-305. [PMID: 36656072 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2168690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a health concern subject in recent years. Althoughann increasing number of studies about the ingestion of microplastics by fish, research on the oxidative stress response to MPs in natural environments is quite limited. In this study, the identification and characterization of MPs in gill (G), muscle tissues (M), and gastrointestinal tract (GI) of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were evaluated. Oxidative damage of MPs on the brain (B), liver (L), gill (G), and muscle (M) tissues as well as their effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (AR) myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) biomarkers were evaluated. The potential transmission of MPs from muscle tissues to humans was examined. Results showed that gills contain the highest amounts of MPs, ethylene propylene is the most dominant polymer type, black and blue are the most common MP color, fiber is the most common shape, and 50-200 µm is the most common MP size. Results showed that MPs cause oxidative stress of tissues with inhibiting effect on enzyme activities and promoting impact on lipid peroxidation. The oxidative damage mostly affected the liver (detoxification organ) followed by gill tissue. The intake of MPS in the European Union was estimated by EFSA as 119 items/year, while in Turkey it is 47.88 items/year. This study shows that more research is needed in terms of ecosystem health and food chain safety. The risk assessment of MPs in living organisms and environmental matrices including food safety and human health should be considered a public health issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Köktürk
- Department of Organic Agriculture Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betül Özgeriş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Uçar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Özdemir
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hünkar Avni Duyar
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cuthbert RN, Nkosi MS, Dalu T. Field and laboratory microplastics uptake by a freshwater shrimp. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11198. [PMID: 38571809 PMCID: PMC10985367 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics are widespread pollutants, but few studies have linked field prevalence in organisms to laboratory uptakes. Aquatic filter feeders may be particularly susceptible to microplastic uptake, with the potential for trophic transfer to higher levels, including humans. Here, we surveyed microplastics from a model freshwater shrimp, common caraidina (Caridina nilotica) inhabiting the Crocodile River in South Africa to better understand microplastic uptake rates per individual. We then use functional response analysis (feeding rate as a function of resource density) to quantify uptake rates by shrimps in the laboratory. We found that microplastics were widespread in C. nilotica, with no significant differences in microplastic abundances among sampled sites under varying land uses, with an average abundance of 6.2 particles per individual. The vast majority of microplastics found was fibres (86.1%). Shrimp microplastic accumulation patterns were slightly higher in the laboratory than the field, where shrimp exhibited a hyperbolic Type II functional response model under varying exposure concentrations. Maximum feeding rates of 20 particles were found over a 6 h feeding period, and uptake evidenced at even the lowest laboratory concentrations (~10 particles per mL). These results highlight that microplastic uptake is widespread in field populations and partly density dependent, with field concentrations corroborating uptake rates recorded in the laboratory. Further research is required to elucidate trophic transfer from these taxa and to understand potential physiological impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross N. Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Masimini S. Nkosi
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MpumalangaNelspruitSouth Africa
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MpumalangaNelspruitSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gholizadeh M, Bagheri T, Harsij M, Danabas D, Zakeri M, Siddique MAM. Assessment of microplastic contamination in some commercial fishes of the southern Caspian Sea and its potential risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26006-26018. [PMID: 38492137 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of 384 fishes classified into four species from 11 sites in 2022 from the southern part of the Caspian Sea. GITs of fishes were collected and digested in H2O2 and KOH at 45 °C for 72 h. After filtration, extracted MPs were observed under a stereomicroscope, and selected MP particles were identified using FTIR. Presence of MPs was 68.98% in the GIT of the investigated fish. The mean abundance of MPs was 5.9 ± 0.9 MPs/GIT in Rutilus kutum, 9.2 ± 1.2 MPs/GIT in Chelon auratus, 3.6 ± 0.7 MPs/GIT in Alosa braschnikowi, and 2.7 ± 0.5 MPs/GIT in Vimba vimba. The predominant form of MPs was fiber (58.21%), followed by fragment (34.77%). Black (34.4%), white (19.07%), and blue (14.58%) were the most frequently detected colors of MPs. Overall, 6 MP polymers were identified, dominantly polypropylene (42.86%), polystyrene (17.86%), and cellophane (14.28%). The western part of the Caspian Sea (mostly tourist spots and urban areas) showed more MP pollution in fish compared to the eastern part. Polymer hazard index (PHI) revealed alarming microplastic contamination in the southern Caspian Sea. The PHI value of the present study showed that PES (PHI = 8403.78) and PS (PHI = 535.80) were "Extreme danger" and "Danger" risk categories, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Gholizadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, P.O. box: 163, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Bagheri
- Offshore Water Research Center, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Harsij
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, P.O. box: 163, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | - Durali Danabas
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Zakeri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrogenases, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kibria G. Impacts of microplastic on fisheries and seafood security - Global analysis and synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166652. [PMID: 37652377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This review paper collected, collated, analysed, interpreted, synthesised, and documented the research investigations conducted on microplastic (MPs) pollution impacts on seafood organisms (including fish, sharks, shrimps, lobsters, crabs, oysters, mussels, and seaweeds) during the last ten years (2012-2022) covering fifty-seven locations/countries in the world. MPs contaminated 926 seafood species comprising 895 finfish, 09 crustaceans, 20 molluscs and 02 seaweeds. Seafood from Asia was found to be most contaminated with MPs. High MP contamination/ingestion was revealed in several seafood organisms. The ingestion of MPs can reduce fish growth and fish fitness, leading to reduced yield/fish production. Fish and seafood play a significant role in supporting the economy, employment, food sources, and livelihoods of people across the globe, which can be threatened due to the contamination of seafood organisms with MPs. MPs have bioaccumulated in fish skin, gills, stomachs, liver, intestine, and muscles as well as dry fish and canned fish. Hence, the consumption of MP-contaminated fresh fish, whole fish, dried fish or canned fish poses risks as it may be a pathway of MP transfer to humans. MPs can increase the health risks to seafood fish consumers since there is a probability that high risks pollutants adsorbed on MPs (heavy metals, pesticides, and oil compounds) can transfer to humans via the food chain. Several of the chemicals (heavy metals, DDT, PAHs) adsorbed onto MPs are carcinogenic. MPs have also been detected in fish meals, therefore, farmed livestock such as aquaculture fish and chicken fed to fish meals can be exposed to MPs and ultimately to humans. Preventive and safety measures are suggested to reduce the exposure of MPs to humans. In addition, several policy strategies are recommended to reduce the impacts of plastic waste and plastic pollution on the environment, aquatic biota, wildlife, seafood and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golam Kibria
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Global Artificial Mussels Pollution Watch Program, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rasta M, Khodadoust A, Rahimibashar MR, Taleshi MS, Sattari M. Microplastic Pollution in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gills of Some Teleost and Sturgeon Fish from the Caspian Sea, Northern Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2453-2465. [PMID: 37530412 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing microplastic pollution in the marine environment has raised global concern. The main risk of microplastics in aquatic ecosystem is their bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. A few studies have reported microplastic pollution in the digestive system of Caspian Sea fish species, but there is no research on sturgeon species, nor on fish gills. We investigated the occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and gills of 62 specimens belonging to four species including three teleosts (Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus kutum, and Chelon aurata) and one sturgeon (Acipenser persicus, a valuable endangered species) from the Caspian Sea between January and March 2022. Fish tissues were removed, exposed for 24 h to 10% KOH, and then dried on filter paper. Particles were observed under a stereomicroscope and analyzed by Raman microspectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. A total of 91 microplastics were detected in the GIT (average of 1.46 ± 1.17 items/individual) and 63 microplastics in the gills (average of 1.01 ± 0.62 items/individual). A significant correlation was not found between the number of microplastics found in both tissues and fish body length, body weight, GIT weight, and gill weight (p > 0.05), except between microplastics isolated from gills and gill weight in C. carpio (rs = 0.707, p = 0.022). The abundance of microplastics in fish followed the order of A. persicus > C. aurata > R. kutum > C. carpio. The microplastics were in the size range of 45 to 5000 µm, with particles of 300 to 1000 µm being the most prevalent; 74.68% of the particles were shaped like fibers, 30.53% were red, and 70.6% were composed of nylon polymer. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2453-2465. © 2023 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasta
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadoust
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba S Taleshi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Oceanic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Masoud Sattari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran
- Department of Marine Biology, The Caspian Sea Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seyyedi SR, Kowsari E, Ramakrishna S, Gheibi M, Chinnappan A. Marine plastics, circular economy, and artificial intelligence: A comprehensive review of challenges, solutions, and policies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118591. [PMID: 37423188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Global plastic production is rapidly increasing, resulting in significant amounts of plastic entering the marine environment. This makes marine litter one of the most critical environmental concerns. Determining the effects of this waste on marine animals, particularly endangered organisms, and the health of the oceans is now one of the top environmental priorities. This article reviews the sources of plastic production, its entry into the oceans and the food chain, the potential threat to aquatic animals and humans, the challenges of plastic waste in the oceans, the existing laws and regulations in this field, and strategies. Using conceptual models, this study looks at a circular economy framework for energy recovery from ocean plastic wastes. It does this by drawing on debates about AI-based systems for smart management. In the last sections of the present research, a novel soft sensor is designed for the prediction of accumulated ocean plastic waste based on social development features and the application of machine learning computations. Plus, the best scenario of ocean plastic waste management with a concentration on both energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is discussed using USEPA-WARM modeling. Finally, a circular economy concept and ocean plastic waste management policies are modeled based on the strategies of different countries. We deal with green chemistry and the replacement of plastics derived from fossil sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Seyyedi
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez St., Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez St., Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| | - Mohammad Gheibi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shu R, Li Z, Gao S, Zhang S, Yu W. Occurrence and accumulation of microplastics in commercial fish in the coastal waters of the Lvsi fishing ground in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115181. [PMID: 37542947 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the research popularity of microplastics (MPs) in offshore marine environments. However, there is still a gap in the research on the accumulation of MPs in different tissues of aquatic organisms and the trophic transfer of MPs between aquatic organisms. The common occurrence of MPs in the gills and guts of 11 species of commercial fishes was examined in the coastal waters of the Lvsi fishing ground (LSFG). The obtained results showed that >85 % of MPs existed in the gills and guts of these fish, and the abundance was 2.39 ± 1.38 pieces/fish and 2.56 ± 1.42 pieces/fish, respectively. Fibrous and blue are the most common colors and shapes of MPs, and PET is the main polymer type. At the species level, the abundance of MPs in the gills and guts of a few fishes (e.g., Larimichthys polyactis, Setipinna tenuifilis, Collichthys lucidus) decreased with increasing body length and body weight (P < 0.05). At the community level, this situation was not significant (P > 0.05). With increasing trophic level (TL), MPs tended to decrease in the gills (trophic magnification factor, TMF = 0.86) but did not significantly vary in the gut. We believe that MPs are multidimensional pollutants, and their accumulation in tissues/organs of organisms has not been accurately and qualitatively determined. To establish the relationship of MP transport and trophic transfer among water, sediments and organisms, we suggest that more efforts should be made to investigate MPs in aquatic organisms in the coastal waters of LSFG and to increase the examination of MPs in the water column and sediments. This study will help us improve our understanding of MPs pollution, and provide a good reference and basis for the management, monitoring and implementation of pollutants in marine organism of coastal water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Shu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shike Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources In the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Jiangsu Research Institute of Marine Fisheries, Nantong 226007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu Y, Lin S, Tang J, Li Y, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang B. Effects of microplastics and lead exposure on gut oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121528. [PMID: 36997146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly being detected in freshwater environments, which have the potential to cause combined toxicity with other contaminants on aquatic organisms. To reveal the ecological risks, the combined effects of lead (Pb) and polyvinyl chloride microplastics (MPs) were explored in the gut of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The results confirmed that exposure of Pb alone accelerated Pb accumulation, increased oxidative stress, and activated the inflammation response of the gut. However, the aforementioned effects all decreased under the co-exposure of Pb and MPs. In addition, MPs altered intestinal microbial community of common carp, especially the abundance of immune system-related species. All measured variables were organized for partial least square path modeling, which revealed the combined effects of Pb and MPs on inflammation response. The results implied that MPs reduced inflammation response in two ways, including the reduction of intestinal Pb accumulation and the alteration of the intestinal microbial community. Overall, this study provides a novel aspect of ecological effects on aquatic animals from Pb and MPs exposure. The interesting results remind us that when exploring the ecological risks of MPs, combined effects from other toxic substances must be considered simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Sihan Lin
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Jinglan Tang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yusha Jiang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - He Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Binliang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Onay H, Karslı B, Minaz M, Dalgıç G. Seasonal monitoring of microplastic pollution in the Southeast Black Sea: An example of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) gastrointestinal tracts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114886. [PMID: 37043931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated seasonal presence of microplastic (MP) in gastrointestinal tracts of red mullet (Mullus barbatus) sampled from the Southeast Black Sea Region. A total of 335 MPs were detected in 120 individuals. While the most MP was observed in the winter and autumn seasons, quite few MPs were found in the summer and spring seasons. MP size did not show significant difference among seasons. While all of the MPs in the autumn and spring and most of the MPs in the winter were fiber-shaped, most of the MPs in the summer were fragments. The most observed MP color for all seasons was white. While polymer structures did not show much variation in spring and summer, six different polymers were determined for both autumn and winter. In general, less MPs were detected during fishing ban period (summer) and the characteristic properties of the detected MPs suggest a MP pollution in the region due to intense fishing activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Onay
- Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Barış Karslı
- Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mert Minaz
- Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Göktuğ Dalgıç
- Faculty of Fisheries, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hasan J, Siddik MA, Ghosh AK, Mesbah SB, Sadat MA, Shahjahan M. Increase in temperature increases ingestion and toxicity of polyamide microplastics in Nile tilapia. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138502. [PMID: 36965532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) pollution and global warming are worldwide concerns, creating various physiological problems for aquatic organisms. This study was carried out to know the effects of different temperature (30, 33 and 36 °C) on ingestion of MP along with the physiological consequences in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to virgin polyamide (PA) (10 mg/L water; 500 μm to 4 mm in size) for 15 days. A significant difference was found in PA ingestion of the fish treated with different temperature. Fish from 36 °C temperature groups ingested highest amount of PA (136 ± 24.40 item/fish) during the exposure period. The hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) decreased significantly in the highest temperature (36 °C) without PA exposure. At the same time, Hb increased, but RBC significantly reduced in all the temperature conditions with PA exposure. The number of white blood cell (WBC) and glucose level increased significantly in the highest temperature (36 °C) without PA exposure. In contrast, WBC increased and glucose decreased significantly in all the temperature conditions with PA exposure. Frequencies of various nuclear and cellular abnormalities of erythrocytes increased significantly in the fish exposed to all temperature with PA exposure, though severity increased with temperature. Similarly, histological damage of gills (hyperplasia, epithelial necrosis, deformed pillar system, epithelial lifting, telangiectasia) and intestine (epithelium breakage, enterocyte vacuolization and shortening of villi) was found to be mild to severe by the accumulation of PA, increased severity with increase of temperature. This study confirms that global warming as a consequence of climate change might influence MP ingestion hampering physiological state of fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jabed Hasan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abubakkar Siddik
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ashik Kumar Ghosh
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya Binte Mesbah
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashfaq Sadat
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nawab J, Khan H, Ghani J, Zafar MI, Khan S, Toller S, Fatima L, Hamza A. New insights into the migration, distribution and accumulation of micro-plastic in marine environment: A critical mechanism review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138572. [PMID: 37088212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in the marine environment, posing a significant threat to marine biota. The contribution of anthropogenic and terrestrial sources to the aquatic ecosystem has led to an increase in MPs findings, and their abundance in aquatic biota has been reported to be of concern. MPs are formed mainly via photo degradation of macroplastics (large plastic debris), and their release into the environment is a result of the degradation of additives. Eco-toxicological risks are increasing for marine organisms, due to the ingestion of MPs, which cause damage to gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and stomach. Plastics with a size <5 mm are considered MPs, and they are commonly identified by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Laser direct infrared (LDIR). The size, density and additives are the main factors influencing the abundance and bioavailability of MPs. The most abundant type of MPs found in fishes are fiber, polystyrenes, and fragments. These microscale pellets cause physiological stress and growth deformities by targeting the GI tracts of fishes and other biota. Approximately 80% MPs come from terrestrial sources, either primary, generated during different products such as skin care products, tires production and the use of MPs as carrier for pharmaceutical products, or secondary plastics, disposed of near coastal areas and water bodies. The issue of MPs and their potential effects on the marine ecosystem require proper attention. Therefore, this study conducted an extensive literature review on assessing MPs levels in fishes, sediments, seawater, their sources, and effects on marine biota (especially on fishes), chemo-physical behavior and the techniques used for their identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
| | - Haris Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mazhar Iqbal Zafar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Simone Toller
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laraib Fatima
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2300, Pakistan
| | - Amir Hamza
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Makhdoumi P, Hossini H, Pirsaheb M. A review of microplastic pollution in commercial fish for human consumption. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:97-109. [PMID: 34973052 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Today microplastics (MPs) have received worldwide attention as an emerging environmental pollution which is one of the four major global environmental threat and health hazard to human as well. Unfortunately, MPs have been founded in the all environments and media include air, water resources, sediments, and soil. It should not be forgotten MPs have also been detected in food and processing products like tuna. MPs can be ingested by marine organisms such as zooplankton, fish and birds. Accumulation and distribution of MPs by commercially important aquatic organisms is expected to lead to greater exposure risk for human populations with possible adverse effects over time. The aim of this work was to review the published literature regarding the contamination of commercial fish muscle for human consumption. Furthermore, a short revision of the environmental contamination and human health effects by MPs are included. We also estimated human daily intake considering the worldwide contamination of commercial fish muscle ranged from 0.016 items/g muscle of fish to 6.06 items/g muscle of fish. MPs have been found in 56.5% of the commercial fish samples analysed here. As fish is used in human food table across the word, they constitute a long-term exposure route for all humans and raise the concern about the potential public health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouran Makhdoumi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Microplastics (MPs) in marine food chains: Is it a food safety issue? ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 103:101-140. [PMID: 36863833 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The enormous usage of plastic over the last seven decades has resulted in a massive quantity of plastic waste, much of it eventually breaking down into microplastic (MP) and nano plastic (NP). The MPs and NPs are regarded as emerging pollutants of serious concern. Both MPs and NPs can have a primary or secondary origin. Their ubiquitous presence and ability to sorb, desorb, and leach chemicals have raised concern over their presence in the aquatic environment and, particularly, the marine food chain. MPs and NPs are also considered vectors for pollutant transfer along with the marine food chain, and people who consume seafood have began significant concerns about the toxicity of seafood. The exact consequences and risk of MP exposure to marine foods are largely unknown and should be a priority research area. Although several studies have documented an effective clearance mechanism by defecation, significant aspect has been less emphasized for MPs and NPs and their capability to translocate in organs and clearance is not well established. The technological limitations to study these ultra-fine MPs are another challenge to be addressed. Therefore, this chapter discusses the recent findings of MPs in different marine food chains, their translocation and accumulations potential, MPs as a critical vector for pollutant transfer, toxicology impact, cycling in the marine environment and seafood safety. Besides, the concerns and challenges that are overshadowed by findings for the significance of MPs were covered.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gupta KK, Sharma KK, Chandra H. Utilization of Bacillus cereus strain CGK5 associated with cow feces in the degradation of commercially available high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:101. [PMID: 36862211 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and mismanagement of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste in the environment is a complex problem in the present scenario. Biodegradation of this thermoplastic polymer is a promising environmentally sustainable method that offers a significant opportunity to address plastic waste management with minimal negative repercussion on the environment. In this framework, HDPE-degrading bacterium strain CGK5 was isolated from the fecal matter of cow. The biodegradation efficiency of strain was assessed, including percentage reduction in HDPE weight, cell surface hydrophobicity, extracellular biosurfactant production, viability of surface adhered cells, as well as biomass in terms of protein content. Through molecular techniques, strain CGK5 was identified as Bacillus cereus. Significant weight loss of 1.83% was observed in the HDPE film treated with strain CGK5 for 90 days. The FE-SEM analysis revealed the profused bacterial growth which ultimately caused the distortions in HDPE films. Furthermore, EDX study indicated a significant decrease in percentage carbon content at atomic level, whereas FTIR analysis confirmed chemical groups' transformation as well as an increment in the carbonyl index supposedly caused by bacterial biofilm biodegradation. Our findings shed light on the ability of our strain B. cereus CGK5 to colonize and use HDPE as a sole carbon source, demonstrating its applicability for future eco-friendly biodegradation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Kumar Gupta
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, Haridwar, India
| | - Kamal Kant Sharma
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, Haridwar, India.
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, Haridwar, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khdre AM, Ramadan SA, Ashry A, Alaraby M. Chironomus sp. as a Bioindicator for Assessing Microplastic Contamination and the Heavy Metals Associated with It in the Sediment of Wastewater in Sohag Governorate, Egypt. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:161. [PMID: 36855709 PMCID: PMC9951840 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of plastic waste pollution have imposed wide global concerns. One of these consequences is the production of micro- and nanosized particles (MNPLs) from aged plastics. The problem of MNPLs is magnified by their potential to transport various contaminants due to their large surface area and other variable physiochemical properties. From this point on, it is important to know the real concentration of MNPLs in our environment and their potential to internalize wild organisms as well as transfer contaminants that are completely highlighted. As a result, our study is the first to detect MP pollution in the upper Egypt wastewater environment. It could be utilized as a baseline to estimate MP wastes and develop management techniques, particularly in Sohag Governorate. The concentration and characterization of MPs in sludge, water, Chironomus sp. larvae, and their tubes were studied in this work. Chironomus sp. is a reliable bioindicator prevalent in such contaminated environments, and it was used to demonstrate how MPs invade biological barriers. Our results found that red and blue polyester fibers are much more prevalent than other polymers, colors, and shapes of MPs. While each dry kilogram of wastewater sludge contains 310 ± 84 particles, this amount is reduced to 1.55 ± 0.7 per liter in the water column. Biologically, the present study succeeded in detecting the MPs inside the wild organism, with concentrations reaching 71 ± 21 and 4.41 ± 1.1 particles per gram wet weight in Chironomus sp. larvae and their tubes (chironomid tubes), respectively. The potential hazard of MPs stems from their propensity to transfer pollutants. At this point, our findings revealed a corresponding and significant concentration of various heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni) detected in MPs or Chironomus sp. versus sludge. In conclusion, our findings not only proved the presence of MPs in wastewater but also demonstrated their ability to internalize cross-wild organisms, allowing toxins to accumulate inside their bodies, raising concerns about the possible health impacts of plastic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azza M. Khdre
- Entomology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524) Egypt
| | - Somaia A. Ramadan
- Entomology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524) Egypt
| | - Ali Ashry
- Entomology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524) Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alaraby
- Entomology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524) Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bahrehmand MR, Tabatabaie T, Hashemi SE, Amiri F, Pazira AR. Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in sediment and fish along the Persian Gulf-a case study: Bushehr Province, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-022-01427-1. [PMID: 36811701 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) contamination in the marine environment is a global threat. The present study is the first to comprehensively investigate the MPs contamination in the marine environment in Bushehr province along the Persian Gulf. For this purpose, 16 stations were selected along the coast and 10 fish samples were collected. The results obtained from MPs in sediment samples indicate the mean abundance of MPs in different sediment samples was 57.19 Particles/Kg. The dominant MPs color in sediment samples was black, accounting for 47.54%, followed by white (36.07%). As for MPs in fish, the highest MPs digested in different fish samples were 9. In addition, over 83.3% of MPs observed in fishes were black followed by red and blue (6.67%). Overall, the presence of MPs in fish and sediment can be attributed to improper disposal of industrial effluents; an efficient measurement is required in order to improve the quality of the marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayebeh Tabatabaie
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Seyed Enayat Hashemi
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fazel Amiri
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abdul Rahim Pazira
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Piskuła P, Astel AM. Microplastics in Commercial Fishes and By-Catch from Selected FAO Major Fishing Areas of the Southern Baltic Sea. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030458. [PMID: 36766347 PMCID: PMC9913095 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
According to recent world wide studies, microplastics (MPs) have been found in many fish species; however, the majority of research has focused only on the gastrointestinal tract, neglecting edible organs. This study aimed to assess the presence of microplastics in the non-edible (gills, digestive tract) and edible organs (liver) of three commercial fish species and twoby-catch species from the southern Baltic Sea. Fish (Clupea harengus, Gadus morhua, Platichthy sflesus, Taurulus baublis, Cyclopterus lumpus) were caught in 108 and 103 FAO Fishing Zones belonging to the Polish fishing zone. The abundanceof MPs ranged from 1 to 12 items per fish, with an average of 4.09 items. MPs were observed in different organs, such as the liver, gills, and digestive tract of all five tested species. MPs recognized as fibers were the most abundant. Other shapes of polymers found in fish organs were pellets and particles of larger plastic pieces. The dominant color of the MPs was blue, but there were also red, black, transparent, yellow, green, and white items found. According to dimensions, dominant MPs were between 0.1 and 0.5 mm in size. The chemical characterization of polymers accomplished by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy demonstrated the abundance of cellophane, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl propionate, polyacrylonitrile, and polyester.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dellisanti W, Leung MML, Lam KWK, Wang Y, Hu M, Lo HS, Fang JKH. A short review on the recent method development for extraction and identification of microplastics in mussels and fish, two major groups of seafood. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114221. [PMID: 36495608 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of microplastics in the marine environment poses potential health risks to humans through seafood consumption. Relevant data are available but the diverse analytical approaches adopted to characterise microplastics have hampered data comparison among studies. Here, the techniques for extraction and identification of microplastics are summarised among studies of marine mussels and fish, two major groups of seafood. Among the reviewed papers published in 2018-2021, the most common practice to extract microplastics was through tissue digestion in alkaline chemicals (46 % for mussels, 56 % for fish) and oxidative chemicals (28 % for mussels, 12 % for fish). High-density solutions such as sodium chloride could be used to isolate microplastics from other undigested residues by flotation. Polymer analysis of microplastics was mainly carried out with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (58 % for both mussels and fish) and Raman spectroscopy (14 % for mussels, 8 % for fish). Among these methods, we recommend alkaline digestion for microplastic extraction, and the automated mapping approach of FTIR or Raman spectroscopy for microplastic identification. Overall, this study highlights the need for a standard protocol for characterising microplastics in seafood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Dellisanti
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew Ming-Lok Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karen Wing-Kei Lam
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hoi Shing Lo
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - James Kar Hei Fang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bošković N, Joksimović D, Bajt O. Microplastics in fish and sediments from the Montenegrin coast (Adriatic Sea): Similarities in accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158074. [PMID: 35981574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the biotic and abiotic components of the marine environment poses a major threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. The objective of this study was to document, for the first time, differences in MP accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract of two commercially important fish species and to evaluate the possible correlation between MP accumulation in the biotic (fish) and abiotic (sediment) components of the marine environment of the Montenegrin coast (Adriatic Sea). Samples were collected from two areas of the Montenegrin coast, Boka Kotorska Bay and the coastal part of the open sea. The frequency of MP ingestion was 58.6 % for Mullus barbatus and 54 % for Merluccius merluccius, while the average number of ingested MPs was 2.9 ± 0.5 and 3.2 ± 1.0 items/individual, respectively. Average MP abundance in surface sediments from Boka Kotorska Bay and the coastal part of the open sea was 315 ± 45 and 435 ± 258 MPs/kg of dry sediment, respectively. Most MPs identified were filaments, followed by fragments and films, while the most abundant polymers found in fish and sediments samples were polypropylene and polyethylene. The present results indicate that MP pollution in the study area is reflected in the accumulation of MPs in the biotic (fish) and abiotic (sediment) components of the marine environment. Measures need to be taken to reduce the input of plastics/MPs into the marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Bošković
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, 85330, Put I Bokeljske brigade 68, Kotor, Montenegro.
| | - Danijela Joksimović
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, 85330, Put I Bokeljske brigade 68, Kotor, Montenegro
| | - Oliver Bajt
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia; Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport, University of Ljubljana, Pot pomorscakov 4, 6320 Portoroz, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Madani SAM, Harami SRM, Rezaee P, Naji A. Distribution, risk assessment, and source identification of trace metal pollution along the Babolsar coastal area, Caspian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89121-89131. [PMID: 35851935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Caspian Sea is exposed to numerous anthropogenic activities such as untreated wastewater discharge and agricultural activities which increased trace metals contamination. The current study was employed to assess the distribution, ecological risk assessment, and source identification of some trace metals in 125 samples of surface sediments and soil from 6 distinctive sections of Babolsar in the coastal line of the Caspian Sea. The sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and individual risk assessment indices including enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and potential risk factor (Er) suggested a hazardous level of Cd and Cr contamination. There was a relatively high level of Pb contamination while other studied trace metals were at a low contamination level. Cumulative risk indices such as modified degree of contamination (mCD), pollution load index (PLI), and the potential ecological risk index (RI) identified that the river, wetland, and farmland sites were more contaminated compared to the Caspian Sea samples which exhibited a moderate level of contamination. The lowest level of contamination was recorded in the coastline and river delta sites. Two analytical methods including Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate clustering dendrogram were also applied to identify the potential sources of contamination. The results suggested that wastewaters, nitrogen, and phosphate fertilizers were the main anthropogenic source of Cd, Co, Pb, and Ni while fossil fuels and transportation activities were the predominant sources of anthropogenic Cu, V, and Zn contamination. Further studies about trace metals risk assessment and fractionation could contribute to more effective decisions for reducing the anthropogenic trace metal pollution in the Caspian Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Payman Rezaee
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Naji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Geology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Wiener Str. 7, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jaouani R, Mouneyrac C, Châtel A, Amiard F, Dellali M, Beyrem H, Michelet A, Lagarde F. Seasonal and spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments by FTIR imaging throughout a continuum lake - lagoon- beach from the Tunisian coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156519. [PMID: 35690197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastics pollution in marine environment has become an issue of increasing scientific concern. This work aims to study the temporal and spatial distribution of plastics in sediments from three different Tunisian ecosystems; Rimel Beach, Bizerta lagoon and Ichkeul lake. Sediment sampling was conducted in surface (2 cm) and depth (15 cm) during spring, summer and winter. Plastics debris were separated by size fractions: macro (>5 mm), meso (1-5 mm) and microplastics (<1 mm) to optimize the time necessary for their characterisation. Macroplastics and mesoplastics were identified using an IR Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and microplastics with Imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy after an optimized extraction protocol. Results indicate that, the lowest contamination degree with macroplastics was recorded in Ichkeul lake, 2 macro debris/m2 (marine protected area, national parc of Ichkeul). Mesoparticles were only detected in lagoon of Bizerte in large quantities (4900 item/kg of sediment in surface and 680 item/kg of sediment in depth) and were identified principally as paint products. For microplastics, the repartition was quite homogeneous between the three sites with an average abundance was 130.55 ± 65.61 items/kg for all seasons. The variations of microplastics abundances on the three sites could not be clearly related to the seasons. Whereas the polymer characterisation in the surface and depth sediments of the three studied areas were principally due to eight types of polymers (PVC, PET, PP, PE PS, Polyamide (PA) and polymeric methyl methacrylate (PMMA)) as reported in many other studies, surprisingly all MPs recovered in the study were smaller than 300 μm, >70 % being fragments. This study brings new results as regards to the state of plastic contamination in Tunisian coast and shows the importance of investigating different ecosystems in such studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Jaouani
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Le Mans, France; Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000 Angers, France; Laboratoire de biosurveillance de l'environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisie.
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Amiard
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Mohamed Dellali
- Laboratoire de biosurveillance de l'environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisie
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Alexandre Michelet
- Perkin Elmer, ZA Courtaboeuf, 12, 14 Avenue de la Baltique, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Le Mans, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Study of the Potential Accumulation of the Pesticide Alpha-Endosulfan by Microplastics in Water Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173645. [PMID: 36080721 PMCID: PMC9459755 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are spread into all ecosystems and represent a threat to the equilibrium of the environment and human health, not only due to their intrinsic characteristics but also to their action as effective carriers of contaminants, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The pesticide α-endosulfan is persistent and spread in the environment. The MP are another possible way of dissemination to be considered in the fate of this pesticide. The adsorption dynamics of α-endosulfan by six different MP (low-density polyethylene—LDPE, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, polyamide 6, polystyrene granule, polypropylene granule) with different sizes/shapes and chemical compositions were evaluated. The most critical situation was identified for the system LDPE (particle size < 300 μm). Equilibrium studies (48 h equilibrium time) were performed for distilled, tap and filtered river water. Based on the Langmuir model parameters, the highest maximum adsorption capacity was obtained for distilled water, followed by filtered river and tap waters (i.e., 366 ± 39, 247 ± 38, 157 ± 22 μg/g). The obtained results demonstrate the important role that microplastics may have in the fate and transport of pesticides and their potentially harmful effect on the environment, which requires further investigation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharma S, Sharma B, Dey Sadhu S. Microplastic profusion in food and drinking water: are microplastics becoming a macroproblem? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:992-1009. [PMID: 35699396 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00553g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are extremely complex, and as the food chain comes full circle, it is dreaded that these could have a deleterious influence on humans. Although the risk of plastics to humans is not yet established, their occurrence in food and water destined for human consumption has been reported. The prevalence of micro-sized plastics in the ecosystem and living organisms, their trophic transfer along the food web, and the discernment of food species as competent indicators have become research priorities. The scale of the issue is massive, but what are the main culprits and causes, and could there be a solution in sight for this global problem? Despite the massive amount of research in the field, a collation of available data and pertinent hazard evaluation remains difficult. In order to identify the knowledge gaps and exposure pathways, several traits related to food chain assessment are presented with the goal of properly evaluating and managing this emerging risk. We apprehend three possible noxious consequences of small plastic particles, firstly, due to the plastic particles themselves; secondly, due to the extrication of tenacious organic pollutants adsorbed onto the plastics; and thirdly, due to the leaching of components such as monomers and additives from the plastics. The exigency for the standardization of protocols to bring about consistency in data collection and analysis, involving solutions, stakeholder costs, and benefits, are discussed. Harmonized methods will enable meticulous assessment of the impacts and threats that microplastics pose to the biota and increase the comparability between studies. We emphasize the contribution of the "honest broker" in science, providing an overarching analysis to devise the most viable solutions to microplastic pollution for private and public leadership to utilize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka Sec-3, Delhi, India
| | - Bhasha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Susmita Dey Sadhu
- Department of Polymer Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, Dwarka Sec-2, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Karthik R, Robin RS, Purvaja R, Karthikeyan V, Subbareddy B, Balachandar K, Hariharan G, Ganguly D, Samuel VD, Jinoj TPS, Ramesh R. Microplastic pollution in fragile coastal ecosystems with special reference to the X-Press Pearl maritime disaster, southeast coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119297. [PMID: 35421552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a global environmental concern and pose a serious threat to marine ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the abundance and distribution of MPs in beach sediments (12 beaches), marine biota (6 beaches) and the influence of microbes on MPs degradation in eco-sensitive Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar coast. The mean MP abundance 65.4 ± 39.8 particles/m2 in beach sediments; 0.19 ± 1.3 particles/individual fish and 0.22 ± 0.11 particles g-1 wet weight in barnacles. Polyethylene fragments (33.4%) and fibres (48%) were the most abundant MPs identified in sediments and finfish, respectively. Histopathological examination of fish has revealed health consequences such as respiratory system damage, epithelial degradation and enterocyte vacuolization. In addition, eight bacterial and seventeen fungal strains were isolated from the beached MPs. The results also indicated weathering of MPs due to microbial interactions. Model simulations helped in tracking the fate and transboundary landfall of spilled MPs across the Indian Ocean coastline after the X-Press Pearl disaster. Due to regional circulations induced by the monsoonal wind fields, a potential dispersal of pellets has occurred along the coast of Sri Lanka, but no landfall and ecological damage are predicted along the coast of India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Karthik
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - R S Robin
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - R Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - V Karthikeyan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - B Subbareddy
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - K Balachandar
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - G Hariharan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - D Ganguly
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - V D Samuel
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - T P S Jinoj
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar R, Manna C, Padha S, Verma A, Sharma P, Dhar A, Ghosh A, Bhattacharya P. Micro(nano)plastics pollution and human health: How plastics can induce carcinogenesis to humans? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134267. [PMID: 35301996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are key indicators of the plasticine era, widely spread across different ecosystems. MPs and NPs become global stressors due to their inherent physicochemical characteristics and potential impact on ecosystems and humans. MPs and NPs have been exposed to humans via various pathways, such as tap water, bottled water, seafood, beverages, milk, fish, salts, fruits, and vegetables. This paper highlights MPs and NPs pathways to the food chains and how these plastic particles can cause risks to human health. MPs have been evident in vivo and vitro and have been at health risks, such as respiratory, immune, reproductive, and digestive systems. The present work emphasizes how various MPs and NPs, and associated toxic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), impact human health. Polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are common MPs and NPs, reported in human implants via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, which can cause carcinogenesis, according to Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) reports. Inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure-response cause genotoxicity, cell division and viability, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress induction, metabolism disruption, DNA damage, inflammation, and immunological responses in humans. Lastly, this review work concluded with current knowledge on potential risks to human health and knowledge gaps with recommendations for further investigation in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Bihar, 803116, India
| | - Camelia Manna
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India
| | - Shaveta Padha
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Anurag Verma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Bihar, 803116, India
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Bihar, 803116, India.
| | - Anjali Dhar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India; Bihar Pollution Control Board, Patna, 800010, Bihar, India
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A Meta-Analysis of the Characterisations of Plastic Ingested by Fish Globally. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040186. [PMID: 35448447 PMCID: PMC9027263 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plastic contamination in the environment is common but the characterisation of plastic ingested by fish in different environments is lacking. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to identify the prevalence of plastic ingested by fish globally. Based on a qualitative analysis of plastic size, it was determined that small microplastics (<1 mm) are predominantly ingested by fish globally. Furthermore, our meta-analysis revealed that plastic fibres (70.6%) and fragments (19.3%) were the most prevalent plastic components ingested by fish, while blue (24.2%) and black (18.0%) coloured plastic were the most abundant. Polyethylene (15.7%) and polyester (11.6%) were the most abundant polymers. Mixed-effect models were employed to identify the effects of the moderators (sampling environment, plastic size, digestive organs examined, and sampling continents) on the prevalence of plastic shape, colour, and polymer type. Among the moderators, only the sampling environment and continent contributed to a significant difference between subgroups in plastic shape and polymer type.
Collapse
|
28
|
Corami F, Rosso B, Sfriso AA, Gambaro A, Mistri M, Munari C, Barbante C. Additives, plasticizers, small microplastics (<100 μm), and other microlitter components in the gastrointestinal tract of commercial teleost fish: Method of extraction, purification, quantification, and characterization using Micro-FTIR. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113477. [PMID: 35277272 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the aims of this study is the development of a pretreatment method for additives, plasticizers and other components of micro-litter (APFs), and small microplastics (SMPs <100 μm) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of five of the most widely distributed and consumed commercial fish species, Engraulis encrasiculos, Sardina pilchardus, Mullus surmuletus, Solea solea, and Sparus aurata. The second aim was to develop a simultaneous quantification and identification method via Micro-FTIR of APFs and SMPs ingested by these commercial fish species. The distribution of SMPs and APFs is characteristically different for each species investigated. E. encrasiculos and S. pilchardus had a higher weight of SMPs than the other species investigated. Regarding APFs, the highest abundance was observed in E. encrasiculos. This study highlights the importance of studying additives and plasticizers that can be used as efficient proxies of microplastics, as shown by the presence of vulcanizing agents such as Vanax®.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Rosso
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Andrea Augusto Sfriso
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ageel HK, Harrad S, Abdallah MAE. Occurrence, human exposure, and risk of microplastics in the indoor environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:17-31. [PMID: 34842877 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a group of emerging contaminants that have attracted increasing scientific and societal attention over the past decade due to their ubiquitous detection in all environmental compartments. So far, most studies on MPs focus on characterizing their occurrence, fate, and impact in the aquatic environment. Therefore, very little is known about the magnitude, patterns, and associated risks of human exposure to MPs, particularly indoors. This is a significant research gap given that people spend most of their time (up to 90%) indoors, which is exacerbated over the past year by COVID-19 lockdown measures. Critical evaluation of the existing literature revealed the presence of MPs at higher concentrations in indoor air and dust (from homes and offices) compared to outdoors. This was attributed to several factors including: indoor MPs sources (e.g. furniture, textiles), increased deposition of atmospheric MPs indoors, and less atmospheric mixing and dilution compared to outdoor air. Current understanding is that indoor human exposure to MPs occurs via a combination of inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. Dietary intake was considered the major pathway of human exposure to MPs until recent studies revealed potential high exposure via inhalation. Moreover, exposure via inadvertent dust ingestion and dermal contact cannot be neglected, particularly for young children. This is alarming due to the potential toxic implications of MPs exposure. Early toxicological evidence indicates that small MPs (<20 µm) can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, while particles <5 µm can be engulfed by cells and translocated to accumulate in different organs. Also, there is increasing concern over potential leaching of toxic chemicals used as plastic additives (e.g. plasticizers and flame retardants) upon exposure to MPs due to their large surface area. However, MPs exposure and risk assessment in humans is still in its infancy and more research is necessary to provide the knowledge base required for regulations to protect human health and environment against MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khalid Ageel
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Uddin S, Fowler SW, Habibi N, Behbehani M. Micro-Nano Plastic in the Aquatic Environment: Methodological Problems and Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030297. [PMID: 35158621 PMCID: PMC8833669 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic research has become a buzz word. It is seen as one of the most pressing issues of Anthropocene contamination. There is certainly no doubt about the ubiquitous presence of microplastic (MP) in almost all environmental matrices. However, the validity of considering them as a vector for contaminants needs some reconsideration, there are other more potent pathways. Their effect on marine biota also calls for some realistic experiments with environmental concentrations of MP and nanoplastic (NP). It has been observed that in most published literature, polymer characterization is performed. Is it necessary to do, or will merely finding and confirming the particle as plastic suffice for environmental research? Harmonization of protocols is necessary, and there is likely a need for some inter-laboratory comparison exercises in order to produce comparable data and reliable assessments across regions. Samples collected from the same area using different techniques show an order of magnitude difference in MP concentration. The issue of nanoplastic is more contentious; are we technologically ready to identify NP in environmental samples?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (N.H.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +965-24989224
| | - Scott W. Fowler
- School of Maine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA;
- Institute Bobby, 8 Allée des Orangers, 06320 Cap d’Ail, France
| | - Nazima Habibi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (N.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Montaha Behbehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (N.H.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu J, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Zhao X, Liang Y, Lu W, Song J. Microplastic contamination assessment in water and economic fishes in different trophic guilds from an urban water supply reservoir after flooding. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113667. [PMID: 34482108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rain and floods events are responsible for the transport of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems, yet to date, rare study has examined microplastics pollution in urban water supply reservoirs during such events. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and characteristics of microplastic in water and economic fish species with different feeding guilds in the Dafangying Reservoir, an important source of drinking water for Hefei city. Microplastic concentrations in water were relatively higher than that in natural lakes, indicating abundant microplastic contaminants input through overland runoff triggered by flooding. Our results detected five types (fiber, debris, film, microbead and particle) and six colors (black, transparent, blue, yellow, red and green) of microplastics in water samples. Fiber accounted for the dominant shape, which may result from the household sewage from washing clothes and desquamated fiber transported by wind and overland runoff. Meanwhile, transparent was the predominant microplastic color, which can be ascribe to the widely use of intentionally manufactured transparent disposable plastic commodities in cities. Then in fish samples, the microplastic concentrations ranged from 8.75 to 51.3 items/individual in fish guts, and 9.5-52.6 items/individual in fish gills. Our results demonstrated significant higher microplastic concentrations in planktivorous and herbivorous species. The filter feeding capture mode, i.e., engulfing floating prey through frequently drawing in large volume of water confused with microplastics, may result in the higher microplastic concentrations of planktivorous fishes. Due to the dense microplastics adhering on plant surface, herbivorous fishes can concentrate higher microplastics abundance through the ingestion of macrophytes. According to the biological concentration factor (BCF), all the determined microplastics gave BCF far below 1, suggesting the low bioaccumulation capacity of microplastics in fish species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongguan Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Yunzhao Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Xianfu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, PR China
| | - Jin Song
- Fengyang Xiaogang Village Water Source Environmental Technology Limited Company, Chuzhou, 233124, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Heshmati S, Makhdoumi P, Pirsaheb M, Hossini H, Ahmadi S, Fattahi H. Occurrence and characterization of microplastic content in the digestive system of riverine fishes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113620. [PMID: 34481374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the occurrence and characterization of microplastics (MPs) content in the fishes of the river was studied. Therefore, six sampling stations were considered for fishing. Then, the entire stomach of fishes was investigated by visual stereomicroscope, FTIR, SEM, and EDX to analyze the content of the samples, by MPs type, shape, color, and size. The most frequency of MPs was observed in Ghazanchi (Siii) and Kermanshah (Siv) stations which were close to urban and industrial areas. Most types of detected MPs included polystyrene, polyethylene, and nylon with the highest frequency observed in Luciobarbus caspius and Alburnus chalcoides fishes. Overall, the frequency of detected MPs in the caught fishes was 93.8%. Indeed, MPs with a size of 0.025-1 mm (25-1000 μm) were the most frequency of MPs in fishes. The frequency of MPs shapes was fiber (85.12%), fragment (12.32%), foam (0.77%), film (1.21%), and microbead (0.56%), respectively. The highest and lowest percentage of MPs belonged to black and green with an abundance of 63% and 2%, respectively. The result implies that lots of riverine fishes are polluted with MPs, those which can move into the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Heshmati
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pouran Makhdoumi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Shervin Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Fattahi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rasta M, Rahimibashar MR, Ershad A, Jafroudi HT, Kouhbane ST. Characteristics and Seasonal Distribution of Microplastics in the Surface Waters of Southwest Coast of the Caspian Sea (Guilan Province, Iran). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:671-676. [PMID: 34036436 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, abundance and distribution of microplastics (MPs) in the southwest coast of the Caspian Sea in four seasons. Three stations were chosen and their surface waters were sampled between April 2019 and February 2020. The average number of MPs was 1.37 ± 0.47 items/m3 and the predominant frequency in different seasons were as follows: summer > autumn > spring > winter. MPs were dominated by fiber in shape. Black and blue were the most common colors respectively. The size was in the range of 0.3-5 mm with a mean of 1.44 ± 1.08 mm. Due to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR), four different polymers were identified dominating by polypropylene. The low MP concentrations detected in the present study can be related to lower sewage inlet and more MPs sedimentation in the investigated stations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasta
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahimibashar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan branch, Lahijan, Iran.
| | - Arash Ershad
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan branch, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Hor Torabi Jafroudi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Manbohi A, Mehdinia A, Rahnama R, Dehbandi R. Microplastic pollution in inshore and offshore surface waters of the southern Caspian Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130896. [PMID: 34029960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, as the first comprehensive monitoring, the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in inshore and offshore surface waters of the southern Caspian Sea was investigated. Our data indicated that MPs, which were detected in all the samples, were widely distributed in the thirteen studied stations. Non-normally distribution of the MPs was observed among the studied stations (p<0.05). The average concentration of microplastics in the selected stations was 0.246 ± 0.020 MP/m3. In most of the transects, negative gradients of MPs from coastal waters to deeper waters were observed. The dominant size and color of MPs in the inshore and offshore water samples was 1000-5000 μm and white-transparent, respectively. Films and fibers constituted about 50% and 40% of the total number of MPs of the water samples, respectively. Also, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were the three main polymer types of microplastics in the inshore and offshore surface waters. Our data provide valuable evidence for the comparative assessing of future data regarding decreases or increases of MPs in the southern Caspian Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Manbohi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, 1411813389, Iran.
| | - Ali Mehdinia
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, 1411813389, Iran
| | - Reza Rahnama
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, 1411813389, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Atamanalp M, Köktürk M, Uçar A, Duyar HA, Özdemir S, Parlak V, Esenbuğa N, Alak G. Microplastics in Tissues (Brain, Gill, Muscle and Gastrointestinal) of Mullus barbatus and Alosa immaculata. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:460-469. [PMID: 34542666 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The researches on MPs in commercial marine fish are very limited although in marine environments microplastic (MPs) pollution is a global problem. In this study, the presence, composition, and characterization of MPs in different tissues (brain, gill, muscle, and gastrointestinal tract) of commercial fish species [red mullet (Mullus barbatus) and pontic shad (Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835)] from the Black Sea were investigated. M. barbatus (demersal) and A. immaculata (pelagic) fish were preferred in the selection of fish species in order to represent demersal and pelagic environments. After dissected the fish, MPs were obtained from the tissues by extraction using the flotation method; then the MPs were counted and categorized according to shape, size, and color. The composition of the MPs was determined via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. In terms of microplastic abundance in fish tissues, the gastrointestinal tract (40.0%) ranked first in both fish species, while the lowest MPs density was determined in brain tissues (7.0%). After the gastrointestinal tissue, gills were identified as the second tissue with the highest MPs density. Regardless of fish species, MPs characterization was mainly fibrous (51.0%), black colored (49.0%), and 50-200 µm in size (55.0%). Among the nine different polymers determined, polychloroprene (18.8%) and polyamide (15.0%) were found most frequently. This research provides data for tissue-based assessment of MPs in fish. The obtained data showed that MPs (one of the anthropogenic pollutants) are quite high in all tissues regardless of fish species. Moreover, it has emerged that these two fish species are suitable for monitoring microplastics in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, 25030, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mine Köktürk
- Department of Organic Agriculture Management, College of Applied Sciences, Iğdır University, TR-76000, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Arzu Uçar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, 25030, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hünkar Avni Duyar
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Özdemir
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, 25030, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nurinisa Esenbuğa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25030, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, 25030, Erzurum, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vaid M, Sarma K, Gupta A. Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments with special emphasis on riverine systems: Current understanding and way forward. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112860. [PMID: 34089959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging as a severe threat in our environment. Their diverse existence in marine environments is being researched globally and thus a widely known fact; however, their presence in the freshwater counterpart has gained attention lately only. Riverine systems, the most critical freshwater resources serve as an essential link between terrestrial and marine environments and their contamination with MPs is going to create severe environmental issues. Because of their small size and unique morphology, these polymers can exhibit variable toxicity to the interacting biota and alter their habitat properties; thus, causing serious impacts on the environment and health of living beings, including humans. These microplastics can also interact with pollutants like heavy metals and organic pollutants, which further augment their harming potential. Inefficient and poor plastic waste disposal practices play an important role in the generation of microplastic pollutants. In the present COVID 19 pandemics, the excessive use of plastic to contain the spread of infection has further added the plastic load in the environment which will eventually lead to the generation of microplastic particles. Also, a significant amount of microplastic pollutants in riverine systems are delivered through wastewater treatment plant effluents. These trade-offs create a distress situation in the environment. The present study connects these key issues for a better understanding of the diverse existence of microplastic pollutants, their sources, and fate, with a special emphasis on riverine systems. A critical appraisal of the knowledge gaps and proposal of suitable solutions through this review might open up avenues for further research and effective management of the microplastics in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Vaid
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Kiranmay Sarma
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Anshu Gupta
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kannan K, Vimalkumar K. A Review of Human Exposure to Microplastics and Insights Into Microplastics as Obesogens. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:724989. [PMID: 34484127 PMCID: PMC8416353 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.724989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous exposure of humans to microplastics (MPs) through inhalation of particles in air and ingestion in dust, water, and diet is well established. Humans are estimated to ingest tens of thousands to millions of MP particles annually, or on the order of several milligrams daily. Available information suggests that inhalation of indoor air and ingestion of drinking water bottled in plastic are the major sources of MP exposure. Little is known on the occurrence of MPs in human diet. Evidence is accumulating that feeding bottles and medical devices can contribute to MP exposure in newborns and infants. Biomonitoring studies of human stool, fetus, and placenta provide direct evidence of MP exposure in infants and children. MPs <20 µm were reported to cross biological membranes. Although plastics were once perceived as inert materials, MP exposure in laboratory animals is linked to various forms of inflammation, immunological response, endocrine disruption, alteration of lipid and energy metabolism, and other disorders. Whereas exposure to MPs itself is a concern, MPs can also be sources of exposure to plastic additives and other toxicants. Exposure of human cell lines to MP additives such as phthalates, bisphenols, and organotins causes adverse effects through the activation of nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, β, and γ, and retinoid X receptor (RXR), leading to oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, thyroid hormone disruption, and altered adipogenesis and energy production. The size, shape, chemical composition, surface charge, and hydrophobicity of MPs influence their toxicity. Maternal transfer of MPs to the developing fetus has been demonstrated in exposed laboratory animals and through the analysis of human placenta. In laboratory animal studies, maternal exposure to MPs altered energy and lipid metabolism in offspring and subsequent generations. Moreover, concomitant with the global increase in plastics production, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in human populations has increased over the past five decades, and there is evidence to support the hypothesis that MPs and their additives are potential obesogens. Even though MP exposures are ubiquitous and toxic effects from such exposures are a concern, systematic studies on this topic remain urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Manbohi A, Mehdinia A, Rahnama R, Dehbandi R, Hamzehpour A. Spatial distribution of microplastics in sandy beach and inshore-offshore sediments of the southern Caspian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112578. [PMID: 34102414 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in nearshore zones of the southern Caspian coasts is well documented; however, no data are available on MP occurrence in offshore sediments. In this study, six sandy beach stations and 18 inshore-offshore stations (six transects) were surveyed. MPs were detected in all sediment samples. The mean abundances of MPs in the beach and inshore-offshore stations were 196.67 ± 11.58 and 103.15 ± 7.21 MPs/kg, respectively. Fibers constituted the most common shape of MPs. Polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were the major polymer types found in the beach and inshore-offshore sediments, respectively. In most transects, negative MP gradients were observed from nearshore to offshore, which showed that coastal fishing, tourism, and rivers were the main sources of MPs in this area. These results will improve our understanding on MPs pollution in the marine ecosystem. We recommend further MP studies in different parts of the Caspian Sea to develop appropriate management programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Manbohi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran 1411813389, Iran.
| | - Ali Mehdinia
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Reza Rahnama
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Hamzehpour
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cunningham EM, Cuthbert RN, Coughlan NE, Kregting L, Cairnduff V, Dick JTA. Microplastics do not affect the feeding rates of a marine predator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146487. [PMID: 34030230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics may affect the physiology, behaviour and populations of aquatic and terrestrial fauna through many mechanisms, such as direct consumption and sensory disruption. However, the majority of experimental studies have employed questionably high dosages of microplastics that have little environmental relevance. Predation, in particular, is a key trophic interaction that structures populations and communities and influences ecosystem functioning, but rarely features in microplastic research. Here, we quantify the effects of low (~65-114 MP/L) and high (~650-1140 MP/L) microplastic concentrations on the feeding behaviour of a ubiquitous and globally representative key marine predator, the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. We used a functional response approach (predator consumption across prey densities) to determine crab consumption rates towards a key marine community prey species, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, under low and high microplastic concentrations with acute (8h) and chronic (120h) microplastic exposure times. For both the acute and chronic microplastic exposure experiments, proportional prey consumption by crabs did not differ with respect to microplastic concentration, but significantly decreased over increasing prey densities. The crabs thus displayed classical, hyperbolic Type II functional responses in all experimental groups, characterised by high consumption rates at low prey densities. Crab attack rates, handling times and maximum feeding rates (i.e. functional response curves) were not significantly altered under lower or higher microplastics concentrations, or by acute or chronic microplastic exposures. Here, we show that functional response analyses could be widely employed to ascertain microplastic impacts on consumer-resource interactions. Furthermore, we suggest that future studies should adopt both acute and chronic microplastic exposure regimes, using environmentally-relevant microplastic dosages and types as well as elevated future scenarios of microplastic concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan M Cunningham
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, UK.
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, UK
| | - Neil E Coughlan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland; Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, UK
| | - Louise Kregting
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, UK; Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, UK
| | - Victoria Cairnduff
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, UK
| | - Jaimie T A Dick
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, UK; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nematollahi MJ, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Esmaeili HR, Nasrollahzadeh Saravi H, Sorooshian A. Microplastic fibers in the gut of highly consumed fish species from the southern Caspian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112461. [PMID: 33991984 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the frequency, distribution, characteristics, and chemical composition of microplastics (MPs) in the gut of highly consumed fish species, namely leaping mullet (Chelon saliens), common carp (Cyprinus carpioi), and Caspian kutum (Rutilus caspicus), in the southern Caspian Sea biome. Fibers are found to be the only shape of MPs. Black MPs and polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate polymers are dominant. MP frequency is highest in leaping mullet's gut, while kutum specimens exhibited the lowest MP frequency, reflecting that leaping mullet is a neritic species and thus highly exposed to MP influx in shallow coastal water, while the other species are benthopelagic. The estimated condition index reflected a significant difference between the species, implying that MPs may pose adverse health impacts on leaping mullet and common carp, with no undesirable effect on Caspian kutum. No significant relationship exists between biological parameters and the MP frequency in the fish gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Esmaeili
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Lab, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Nasrollahzadeh Saravi
- Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center (CSERC), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran.
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Razeghi N, Hamidian AH, Wu C, Zhang Y, Yang M. Scientific studies on microplastics pollution in Iran: An in-depth review of the published articles. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111901. [PMID: 33310377 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This literature review was conducted to collect present data on microplastics pollution in Iran's ecosystems. Most of the studies performed in aquatic environment were conducted in Persian Gulf & Oman Sea (70%). The Persian Gulf, along with the beaches of Bushehr and Hormozgan Provinces, are the most studied areas. Moreover, most of the studies were conducted in aquatic environments and only four studies were conducted in terrestrial environment (4/42). One study has assessed microplastics in commercial salt and another study has reported the microplastics presence in Iranian bottled mineral water brands. The investigation of microplastics associated with biota was highlighted, customarily for fish species. Microplastics were also present in urban wastewater samples in Sari and Bandar Abbas cities. Three studies were performed in freshwater ecosystems until now (Haraz River, Anzali wetland, and Taleqan dam). The need for further studies in this field still exists, especially in terrestrial and freshwater compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Razeghi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Hamidian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Naji A, Azadkhah S, Farahani H, Uddin S, Khan FR. Microplastics in wastewater outlets of Bandar Abbas city (Iran): A potential point source of microplastics into the Persian Gulf. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128039. [PMID: 33182145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharge is considered to be a significant point source of microplastic (MPs) release into the marine environment. This study is the first attempt to quantify MPs released from the wastewater outfall from Bandar Abbas City into the Persian Gulf. Two wastewater discharge stations at Gursuzan and Suru were sampled. MPs were isolated by an oxidative procedure and subsequent density separation using ZnCl2 solution. The average MP concentration in wastewater and sludge were 70.66 (±14.12, SD) MP.35 L-1 and 6070 (±807.25) MPs.kg-1, respectively at Confidence Level (CL) (95.0%). The most commonly recovered polymers were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in all size classes. Our findings provides a baseline of MP concentration in wastewater streams and slurry that is discharged from the Bandar Abbas wastewater treatment facility into the Persian Gulf. This highlights the need to undertake more studies at water treatment plants in the region for a realistic assessment of MP discharge into the Persian Gulf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Naji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Sharifeh Azadkhah
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadi Farahani
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Blindern Research Group, Rasmus Winderens Vei 4, NO-0373, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|