1
|
Clemente-Suárez VJ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Redondo-Flórez L, Ruisoto P, Navarro-Jiménez E, Ramos-Campo DJ, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Metabolic Health, Mitochondrial Fitness, Physical Activity, and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030814. [PMID: 36765772 PMCID: PMC9913323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a significant global health issue. Traditional genetic-based approaches to understanding and treating cancer have had limited success. Researchers are increasingly exploring the impact of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, on cancer development. Examining the role of mitochondria in this context is crucial for understanding the connections between metabolic health, physical activity, and cancer. This study aimed to review the literature on this topic through a comprehensive narrative review of various databases including MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. The review highlighted the importance of mitochondrial function in overall health and in regulating key events in cancer development, such as apoptosis. The concept of "mitochondrial fitness" emphasizes the crucial role of mitochondria in cell metabolism, particularly their oxidative functions, and how proper function can prevent replication errors and regulate apoptosis. Engaging in high-energy-demanding movement, such as exercise, is a powerful intervention for improving mitochondrial function and increasing resistance to environmental stressors. These findings support the significance of considering the role of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, in cancer development and treatment. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms by which physical activity improves mitochondrial function and potentially reduces the risk of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ruisoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Navarre, Spain
| | | | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maruyama Y, Seki T, Ando S, Tanabe H, Mori H. Analysis of IGHA1 and other salivary proteins post half marathon in female participants. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15075. [PMID: 37193030 PMCID: PMC10183162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-intensity exercise (HIE), such as that in marathons and triathlons, suppresses transient local and systemic immunity. Serum and salivary immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 (IGHA1) are major markers of immunosuppression by HIE. Although much is known about the systemic immunosuppressive response, little is known about its local response in the oral cavity, lungs, bronchial tubes, and skin. The oral cavity allows bacteria or viruses to enter the body. Saliva covers the epidermis of the oral cavity and plays an important role in the local stress response by preventing infection. In this study, we examined the properties of saliva secreted during the local stress response for half-marathon (HM) induced IGHA1 protein expression using quantitative proteomics. Methods The Exercise Group (ExG) (19 healthy female university students) participated in a HM race. The Non-Exercise Group (NExG) (16 healthy female university students) did not participate in the ExG. The ExG saliva samples were collected 1 h pre and 2 h and 4 h post-HM. The NExG saliva samples were collected at the same time intervals. The saliva volume, protein concentration, and relative IGHA1 expression were analyzed. In addition, 1 h pre and 2 h post- HM saliva samples were analyzed by iTRAQ. The identified factors in iTRAQ were analyzed for the ExG and the NExG using western blotting. Results We identified kallikrein 1 (KLK1), immunoglobulin kappa chain (IgK), and cystatin S (CST4) as suppression factors, as well as IGHA1, which has been reported to be an immunological stress marker. IGHA1 (p = 0.003), KLK1 (p = 0.011), IGK (p = 0.002), and CST4 (p = 0.003) were suppressed 2 h post-HM compared with their levels pre HM, and IGHA1 (p < 0.001), KLK1 (p = 0.004), and CST4 (p = 0.006) were suppressed 4 h post-HM. There was also a positive correlation between IGHA1, IGK, and CST4 levels at 2 and 4 h post-HM. In addition, KLK1 and IGK levels at 2 h post-HM were positively correlated. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the salivary proteome is regulated, and antimicrobial proteins are suppressed post-HM. These results suggest that oral immunity was transiently suppressed post-HM. The positive correlation of each protein at 2 and 4 h post-HM suggests that the suppressed state was similarly regulated up to 4 h after a HM. The proteins identified in this study may have applications as stress markers for recreational runners and individuals who perform moderate to HIE on a regular basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Maruyama
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nayoro City University, Nayoro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Seki
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ando
- Clinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nayoro City University, Nayoro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen L, Chen X, Cui Y, Zhang M, Bai X. Effects of Baduanjin exercise in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after chemoradiotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2022; 31:79. [PMID: 36562869 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese Baduanjin Qigong exercises on the physical and psychological recovery of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy. METHODS Eighty-eight nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who had completed chemoradiotherapy were randomly divided into the Baduanjin intervention group (n = 44) and the control group (n = 44). Patients in the intervention group practised Baduanjin exercise for 12 weeks, with the frequency of 40 min a day and 5 days a week after discharge from the hospital. Participants in the control group received usual care. Outcome indicators included quality of life (QOL), complications, cancer-related fatigue (CRF), sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. The intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations were compared using univariate analysis of variance. Partial eta squared was used as a measure of the effect size. RESULTS A total of 75 patients completed the study. In the intention-to-treat analysis, after 12 weeks of exercise intervention, there were significant increases in the global FACT-H&N (95% CI = 2.09 to 11.47, ηp2 = 0.088), social/family well-being (95% CI = 0.13 to 2.26, ηp2 = 0.055), emotional well-being (95% CI = 0.34 to 2.44, ηp2 = 0.074), and head and neck cancer subscale scores (95% CI = 0.17 to 3.86, ηp2 = 0.052) in the Baduanjin group compared with the control group at the 12th week. In the per-protocol analysis, there were significant increases in the global FACT-H&N (95% CI = 4.11 to 11.75, ηp2 = 0.190), physical well-being (95% CI: 0.50 to 3.04, ηp2 = 0.096), social/family well-being (95% CI: 0.32 to 2.15, ηp2 = 0.090), emotional well-being (95% CI: 0.60 to 2.53, ηp2 = 0.125), functional well-being (95% CI: 0.25 to 2.49, ηp2 = 0.075), and head and neck cancer subscale (95% CI: 1.08 to 4.08, ηp2 = 0.139) scores in the Baduanjin group compared with the control group at the 12th week. CONCLUSION The findings in this study indicate that Baduanjin exercise is an effective and appropriate intervention for improving quality of life and is worthy of recommendation and implementation by oncology nurses in the rehabilitation process of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China. .,, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Interactions between nutrient intake and comorbidities for quality of life in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause 2022; 29:1285-1295. [PMID: 36219811 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the associations between nutrient intake and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS Using data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2019-2020), EQ-5D-3L, and multivariate logistic and linear regression models, we analyzed the association and interaction between nutrient intake, comorbidities, and HRQOL among 4,027 Korean women. RESULTS Nutrient intake levels were lower in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Interactions were observed between numerous nutrient intakes and comorbidities for HRQOL among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Higher intakes of various nutrients (particularly, folic acid and vitamin A) were related to higher HRQOL scores in premenopausal women with comorbidities (log of inverse HRQOL scores, β = -0.31 [95% confidence interval [CI], -0.58 to -0.05] and β = -0.19 [95% CI, -0.37 to -0.001]) and postmenopausal women with comorbidities (log of inverse HRQOL scores, β = -0.34 [95% CI, -0.61 to -0.07] and β = -0.19 [95% CI, -0.38 to -0.01]), respectively. Regular exercise was associated with a lower risk of mobility problems (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.81), self-care problems (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28-0.99), usual activity problems (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.67), and any problem (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.90), as well as an increase in HRQOL score (log of inverse HRQOL scores, β = -0.42; 95% CI, -0.68 to -0.16) in postmenopausal women. Smoking was related to a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety problems (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.53-4.13) and any problem (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.11-2.52), as well as a decrease in HRQOL scores (log of inverse HRQOL scores, β = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.14-0.88) in premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Given the lower nutrient intake levels in postmenopausal women, it is critical to establish HRQOL-improving approaches for this population, including regular exercise, nutrient intake, and smoking cessation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Q, Wu M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xia Y. Muscle-to-tumor crosstalk: The effect of exercise-induced myokine on cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188761. [PMID: 35850277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise has gradually become a focus in cancer treatment due to its pronounced role in reducing cancer risk, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and improving prognosis. In recent decades, skeletal muscles have been considered endocrine organs, exerting their biological functions via the endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine systems by secreting various types of myokines. The amount of myokines secreted varies depending on the intensity, type, and duration of exercise. Recent studies have shown that muscle-derived myokines are highly involved the effects of exercise on cancer. Multiple myokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), oncostatin M (OSM), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), and irisin, directly mediate cancer progression by influencing the proliferation, apoptosis, stemness, drug resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of cancer cells. In addition, IL-6, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-15 (IL-15), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and irisin can improve obesity-induced inflammation by stimulating lipolysis of adipose tissues, promoting glucose uptake, and accelerating the browning of white fat. Furthermore, some myokines could regulate the tumor microenvironment, such as angiogenesis and the immune microenvironment. Cancer cachexia occurs in up to 80% of cancer patients and is responsible for 22%-30% of patient deaths. It is characterized by systemic inflammation and decreased muscle mass. Exercise-induced myokine production is important in regulating cancer cachexia. This review summarizes the roles and underlying mechanisms of myokines, such as IL-6, myostatin, IL-15, irisin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and musclin, in cancer cachexia. Through comprehensive analysis, we conclude that myokines are potential targets for inhibiting cancer progression and the associated cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuyi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Brief Overview of the Effects of Exercise and Red Beets on the Immune System in Patients with Prostate Cancer. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past few decades has focused on the use of functional ingredients such as an active lifestyle and proper diet as a treatment for many diseases in the world. Recent studies have shown a variety of health benefits for red beets and their active ingredients such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, blood pressure and fat reduction, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects. This review article examines the effects of exercise and red beet consumption and the effective mechanisms of these two interventions on cellular and molecular pathways in prostate cancer. However, there is a significant relationship between an active lifestyle and proper diet with the incidence of cancer, and the use of these natural interventions for cancer patients in the treatment protocol of avoidance patients. Furthermore, this review article attempts to examine the role and effect of exercise and beetroot nutrition on prostate cancer and provide evidence of the appropriate effects of using natural interventions to prevent, reduce, and even treat cancer in stages. In addition, we examine the molecular mechanisms of the effectiveness of exercise and beetroot consumption. Finally, the use of natural interventions such as exercising and eating beets due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, due to the lack or low level of side effects, can be considered an important intervention for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou L, Zhang Z, Nice E, Huang C, Zhang W, Tang Y. Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35246220 PMCID: PMC8896306 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeping system that comprises a wide variety of processes including sleep-wake cycles, eating-fasting cycles, and activity-rest cycles, coordinating the behavior and physiology of all organs for whole-body homeostasis. Acute disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to transient discomfort, whereas long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in the dysfunction of the organism, therefore increasing the risks of numerous diseases especially cancers. Indeed, both epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated the intrinsic link between dysregulated circadian rhythm and cancer. Accordingly, a rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms is opening new options for cancer therapy, possibly by modulating the circadian clock. In this review, we first describe the general regulators of circadian rhythms and their functions on cancer. In addition, we provide insights into the mechanisms underlying how several types of disruption of the circadian rhythm (including sleep-wake, eating-fasting, and activity-rest) can drive cancer progression, which may expand our understanding of cancer development from the clock perspective. Moreover, we also summarize the potential applications of modulating circadian rhythms for cancer treatment, which may provide an optional therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture and Chronobiology Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Donovan T, Bain AL, Tu W, Pyne DB, Rao S. Influence of Exercise on Exhausted and Senescent T Cells: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668327. [PMID: 34489717 PMCID: PMC8417807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impaired effector function of exhausted and senescent T cells is implicated in cancer progression and inadequate vaccine responses. Exercise has been shown to improve cancer therapy and vaccine efficacy, most likely by improving immune function. However, given inconsistent terminology and definitions, the interactions between exercise and exhausted and senescent T cells remain unclear. We therefore performed a systematic review to investigate the effect of exercise on senescent and exhausted CD8+ T cell populations clearly defined by protein surface markers. Thirty articles were included, with the majority (n = 24) reporting senescent T cell populations defined according to a variety of surface markers. Repeated exercise was shown to be beneficial through limiting the accumulation of senescent and exhausted CD8+ T cells. This outcome is likely related to exercise-induced preferential mobilization of senescent T cells promoting apoptosis in the peripheral blood compartment. Future studies need to determine the clinical relevance of this effect in cancer prevention and vaccine efficacy. Data regarding exercise and exhausted T cells are limited due to a lack of available high-quality studies. Future studies require the control of confounding variables such as sex and cytomegalovirus (CMV) status, and consistent definitions of exhausted and senescent T cell populations to improve comparisons between studies and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomasina Donovan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda L Bain
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wenjuan Tu
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu C, Mohan R, Lin SH, Jun G, Yaseen A, Jiang X, Wang Q, Cao W, Hobbs BP. Identifying Individualized Risk Profiles for Radiotherapy-Induced Lymphopenia Among Patients With Esophageal Cancer Using Machine Learning. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021; 5:1044-1053. [PMID: 34665662 PMCID: PMC8812653 DOI: 10.1200/cci.21.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT)-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is commonly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Using machine learning techniques, a retrospective study was conducted for patients with esophageal cancer treated with proton and photon therapies to characterize the principal pretreatment clinical and radiation dosimetric risk factors of grade 4 RIL (G4RIL) as well as to establish G4RIL risk profiles. METHODS A single-institution retrospective data of 746 patients with esophageal cancer treated with photons (n = 500) and protons (n = 246) was reviewed. The primary end point of our study was G4RIL. Clustering techniques were applied to identify patient subpopulations with similar pretreatment clinical and radiation dosimetric characteristics. XGBoost was built on a training set (n = 499) to predict G4RIL risks. Predictive performance was assessed on the remaining n = 247 patients. SHapley Additive exPlanations were used to rank the importance of individual predictors. Counterfactual analyses compared patients' risk profiles assuming that they had switched modalities. RESULTS Baseline absolute lymphocyte count and volumes of lung and spleen receiving ≥ 15 and ≥ 5 Gy, respectively, were the most important G4RIL risk determinants. The model achieved sensitivitytesting-set 0.798 and specificitytesting-set 0.667 with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCtesting-set) of 0.783. The G4RIL risk for an average patient receiving protons increased by 19% had the patient switched to photons. Reductions in G4RIL risk were maximized with proton therapy for patients with older age, lower baseline absolute lymphocyte count, and higher lung and heart dose. CONCLUSION G4RIL risk varies for individual patients with esophageal cancer and is modulated by radiotherapy dosimetric parameters. The framework for machine learning presented can be applied broadly to study risk determinants of other adverse events, providing the basis for adapting treatment strategies for mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ashraf Yaseen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Qianxia Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wenhua Cao
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brian P. Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chigangaidze RK, Chinyenze P. Is It "Aging" or Immunosenescence? The COVID-19 Biopsychosocial Risk Factors Aggravating Immunosenescence as Another Risk Factor of the Morbus. A Developmental-clinical Social Work Perspective. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2021; 64:676-691. [PMID: 33975529 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1923604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has proliferated ageism. The impetus of this article is to show that immunosenescence is a risk factor to COVID-19 and not aging per se. Based on the idea that some older people are also healthier than younger ones, the emphasis of this article is on immunosenescence and not aging as a risk factor of COVID-19 complications. The paper utilizes a biopsychosocial approach to expound on the link between immunosenescence and COVID-19 risk factors. The article explores biological factors such as malnutrition, comorbidities, substance abuse, and sex. It also expands on psychosocial factors such as mental health disorders, homelessness, unemployment, lack of physical exercises, stigma, and discrimination. The article calls for gerontological social work to assume a developmental-clinical social work perspective to prevent the early onset and progression of immunosenescence. It calls for gerontological social work to prevent factors that promote unhealthy aging. The article promotes a preventative stance to practice and not just curative approaches. Treatment involves primary prevention which emphasizes on avoiding the onset of unhealthy aging. It is this approach that gerontological social work should aim also to address in building resilience in the face of pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Chigangaidze
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Social Work, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Patience Chinyenze
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Social Work, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oh S, Chun S, Hwang S, Kim J, Cho Y, Lee J, Kwack K, Choi SW. Vitamin D and Exercise Are Major Determinants of Natural Killer Cell Activity, Which Is Age- and Gender-Specific. Front Immunol 2021; 12:594356. [PMID: 34248925 PMCID: PMC8261050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.594356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic reminds us of the importance of immune function, even in immunologically normal individuals. Multiple lifestyle factors are known to influence the immune function. Objective The aim was to investigate the association between NK cell activity (NKA) and multiple factors including vitamin D, physical exercise, age, and gender. Methods This was a cross-sectional association study using health check-up and NKA data of 2,095 subjects collected from 2016 to 2018 in a health check-up center in the Republic of Korea. NKA was measured using the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation method. The association of NKA with 25-(OH)-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and other factors was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The average age of subjects was 48.8 ± 11.6 years (52.9% of subjects were female). Among 2,095 subjects, 1,427 had normal NKA (NKA ≥ 500 pg IFN-γ/mL), while 506 had low NKA (100 ≤ NKA < 500 pg/mL), and 162 subjects had very low NKA (NKA < 100 pg/mL). Compared to men with low 25(OH)D serum level (< 20 ng/mL), vitamin D replete men (30–39.9 ng/mL) had significantly lower risk of very low NKA (OR: 0.358; 95% CI: 0.138, 0.929; P = 0.035). In women, both low exercise (OR: 0.529; 95% CI: 0.299, 0.939; P = 0.030) and medium to high exercise (OR: 0.522; 95% CI: 0.277, 0.981; P = 0.043) decreased the risk compared to lack of physical exercise. Interestingly, in men and women older than 60 years, physical exercise significantly decreased the risk. Older-age was associated with increased risk of very low NKA in men, but not in women. Conclusion Physical exercise and vitamin D were associated with NKA in a gender- and age-dependent manner. Age was a major risk factor of very low NKA in men but not in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Oh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sukyung Chun
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sena Hwang
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongseok Kim
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jooho Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kesimoglu ZN, Bozdag S. Crinet: A computational tool to infer genome-wide competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) interactions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251399. [PMID: 33983999 PMCID: PMC8118266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand driving biological factors for complex diseases like cancer, regulatory circuity of genes needs to be discovered. Recently, a new gene regulation mechanism called competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) interactions has been discovered. Certain genes targeted by common microRNAs (miRNAs) "compete" for these miRNAs, thereby regulate each other by making others free from miRNA regulation. Several computational tools have been published to infer ceRNA networks. In most existing tools, however, expression abundance sufficiency, collective regulation, and groupwise effect of ceRNAs are not considered. In this study, we developed a computational tool named Crinet to infer genome-wide ceRNA networks addressing critical drawbacks. Crinet considers all mRNAs, lncRNAs, and pseudogenes as potential ceRNAs and incorporates a network deconvolution method to exclude the spurious ceRNA pairs. We tested Crinet on breast cancer data in TCGA. Crinet inferred reproducible ceRNA interactions and groups, which were significantly enriched in the cancer-related genes and processes. We validated the selected miRNA-target interactions with the protein expression-based benchmarks and also evaluated the inferred ceRNA interactions predicting gene expression change in knockdown assays. The hub genes in the inferred ceRNA network included known suppressor/oncogene lncRNAs in breast cancer showing the importance of non-coding RNA's inclusion for ceRNA inference. Crinet-inferred ceRNA groups that were consistently involved in the immune system related processes could be important assets in the light of the studies confirming the relation between immunotherapy and cancer. The source code of Crinet is in R and available at https://github.com/bozdaglab/crinet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziynet Nesibe Kesimoglu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Serdar Bozdag
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Q, Zhou W. Roles and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in cancer prevention and treatment. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:201-210. [PMID: 32738520 PMCID: PMC7987556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exercise can enhance motivation to change lifestyle behaviors, improve aerobic fitness, improve physical function, control fatigue, and enhance quality of life. Studies have demonstrated the benefits to be gained from physical exercise, highlighting the importance of popularizing the concept of physical exercise for individuals and making professional exercise-treatment programs available to patients with cancer. However, the correlation between physical exercise and carcinogenesis is easily overlooked, and exercise interventions are not routinely provided to patients with cancer, especially those with advanced cancer. In this article, we present a literature review of the effects of exercise on cancer development and progression and give recent evidence for the type of exercise best suited for different types of cancer and in different disease stages. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms about regulating metabolism and systemic immune function in cancer are summarized and discussed. In conclusion, physical exercise should be considered as an important intervention for preventing and treating cancer and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China; Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 215004, China
| | - Wenli Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neumann-Podczaska A, Chojnicki M, Karbowski LM, Al-Saad SR, Hashmi AA, Chudek J, Tobis S, Kropinska S, Mozer-Lisewska I, Suwalska A, Tykarski A, Wieczorowska-Tobis K. Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis in a Small Sample of Older COVID-19 Patients with Defined 60-Day Outcome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228362. [PMID: 33198124 PMCID: PMC7698090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The older population is one of the most vulnerable to experience adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Exploring different clinical features that may act as detrimental to this population’s survival is pivotal for recognizing the highest risk individuals for poor outcome. We thus aimed to characterize the clinical differences between 60-day survivors and non-survivors, as well as analyze variables influencing survival in the first older adults hospitalized in Poznan, Poland, with COVID-19. Symptoms, comorbidities, complications, laboratory results, and functional capacity regarding the first 50 older patients (≥60 years) hospitalized due to COVID-19 were retrospectively studied. Functional status before admission (dependent/independent) was determined based on medical history. The 60-day survivors (n = 30/50) and non-survivors (n = 20/50) were compared across clinical parameters. The patients had a mean age of 74.8 ± 9.4 years. Overall, 20/50 patients died during hospitalization, with no further fatal outcomes reported during the 60-day period. The non-survivors were on average older (78.3 ± 9.7 years), more commonly experienced concurrent heart disease (75%), and displayed functional dependence (65%) (p < 0.05). When assessing the variables influencing survival (age, heart disease, and functional dependence), using a multivariate proportional hazards regression, functional dependence (requiring assistance in core activities of daily living) was the main factor affecting 60-day survival (HR, 3.34; 95% CI: 1.29–8.63; p = 0.01). In our study, functional dependence was the most important prognostic factor associated with mortality. Elderly with COVID-19 who required assistance in core activities of daily living prior to hospitalization had a three times increased risk to experience mortality, as compared to those with complete independence. Exploring geriatric approaches, such as assessment of functional capacity, may assist in constructing comprehensive survival prognosis in the elderly COVID-19 population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Neumann-Podczaska
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-245 Poznan, Poland; (L.M.K.); (S.R.A.-S.); (A.A.H.); (S.K.); (K.W.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 48-61-8738-303
| | - Michal Chojnicki
- Department of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.); (I.M.-L.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jozef Strus Hospital, 61-285 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz M. Karbowski
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-245 Poznan, Poland; (L.M.K.); (S.R.A.-S.); (A.A.H.); (S.K.); (K.W.-T.)
| | - Salwan R. Al-Saad
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-245 Poznan, Poland; (L.M.K.); (S.R.A.-S.); (A.A.H.); (S.K.); (K.W.-T.)
| | - Abbas A. Hashmi
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-245 Poznan, Poland; (L.M.K.); (S.R.A.-S.); (A.A.H.); (S.K.); (K.W.-T.)
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Slawomir Tobis
- Occupational Therapy Unit, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Kropinska
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-245 Poznan, Poland; (L.M.K.); (S.R.A.-S.); (A.A.H.); (S.K.); (K.W.-T.)
| | - Iwona Mozer-Lisewska
- Department of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.); (I.M.-L.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jozef Strus Hospital, 61-285 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suwalska
- Department of Mental Health, Chair of Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-245 Poznan, Poland; (L.M.K.); (S.R.A.-S.); (A.A.H.); (S.K.); (K.W.-T.)
- Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital of Lord’s Transfiguration, 61-245 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Takatsuji Y, Ishiguro A, Asayama K, Ohkubo T, Miura K, Kadota A, Yanagita M, Fujiyoshi A, Arima H, Miyagawa N, Takashima N, Kita Y, Hayakawa T, Kikuya M, Nakamura Y, Okayama A, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Exercise Habits Are Associated with Improved Long-Term Mortality Risks in the Nationwide General Japanese Population: A 20-Year Follow-Up of the NIPPON DATA90 Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2020; 252:253-262. [PMID: 33162455 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.252.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise habits are known as a protective factor for a variety of diseases and thus recommended worldwide; however, few studies have examined long-term effects of exercise habits on mortality. We continuously monitored death status in a nationwide population sample of 7,709 eligible persons from the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Noncommunicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged in 1990 (NIPPON DATA90), for which baseline data were obtained in 1990. To investigate the long-term impact of baseline exercise habits, we calculated the relative risk of non-exercisers (participants without regular voluntary exercise habits) in reference to exercisers (those with these habits) for all-cause or cause-specific mortality using a Cox proportional hazard model, in which the following confounding factors were appropriately adjusted: sex, age, body mass index, total energy intake, smoking, drinking, and history of cardiovascular disease. During a median 20 years of follow-up, 1,747 participants died, 99 of heart failure. The risk for all-cause mortality was 12% higher in non-exercisers than in exercisers (95% confidence interval, 1%-24%), which was also observed for mortality from heart failure, as 68% higher in non-exercisers than in exercises (95% confidence interval, 3%-173%). These associations were similarly observed when the participants were divided to subgroups by sex, age, and the light, moderate, or vigorous intensity of physical activity, without any significant heterogeneities (P > 0.1). The present study has revealed significant impact of exercise habits on long-term mortality risks, supporting worldwide recommendations for improvement of exercise habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Takatsuji
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Aya Ishiguro
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Kei Asayama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | | | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | | | - Takehito Hayakawa
- The Kinugasa Research Organization, Research Center for Social Studies of Health and Community, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Masahiro Kikuya
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Yamashina Racto Clinic and Medical Examination Center
| | | | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
McFerran E, Boeri M, Kee F. Patient Preferences in Surveillance: Findings From a Discrete Choice Experiment in the "My Follow-Up" Study. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2020; 23:1373-1383. [PMID: 33032782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approximately 800 000 people die globally from colorectal cancer (CRC) every year. Prevention programs promote early detection, but for people with precancerous lesions, tailoring surveillance to include lifestyle-change programs could enhance prevention potential and improve outcomes. METHODS Those with intermediate or high-risk polyps removed during CRC screening colonoscopy within the Northern Ireland CRC Screening Programme were invited to complete 8 discrete choice questions about tailored surveillance, analyzed using random-parameters logit and a latent class modeling approach. RESULTS A total of 231 participants (77% male) self-reported comorbid hypertension (53%), high cholesterol (48%), and mean body mass index of 28.7 (overweight). Although 39% of participants were unaware of their CRC risk status, 30.9% indicated they were already making changes to reduce their risk. Although all respondents were significantly risk- and cost-averse, the latent class analysis identified 3 segments (classes): 1. Class 1 (26.8%) significantly favored phone or email support for a lifestyle change, a 17-month testing interval, and noninvasive testing. 2. Class 2 (48.4%) preferred the status quo. 3. Class 3 (24.7%) significantly favored further risk reduction and invasive testing. CONCLUSIONS This is the first documented preference study focusing on postpolypectomy surveillance offering lifestyle interventions. Although current care is strongly preferred, risk and cost aversion are important for participants. Latent class analysis shows that some respondents are willing to change diet and lifestyle behaviors, reflecting a teachable moment, with opportunities to personalize and optimize surveillance. Significant discordance between perceived and known risk of recurrence and limited recall of risk information provided within current practice suggest necessary improvements to surveillance programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethna McFerran
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Marco Boeri
- RTI Health Solutions, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Spijkerman R, Hesselink L, Bertinetto C, Bongers CC, Hietbrink F, Vrisekoop N, Leenen LP, Hopman MT, Jansen JJ, Koenderman L. Analysis of human neutrophil phenotypes as biomarker to monitor exercise-induced immune changes. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:833-842. [PMID: 32893357 PMCID: PMC8048637 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a0820-436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of the innate immune response reflects the degree of physiological stress imposed by exercise load. An optimal balance of exercise intensity and duration is essential for a balanced immune system and reduces the risk of dysfunction of the immune system. Therefore, it is hypothesized that neutrophils, as key players in the innate immune system, can be used as biomarker in detecting overtraining. The aim was to monitor the state of the innate immune system by phenotyping neutrophils during consecutive bouts of prolonged exercise. Study subjects were recruited from a cohort of walkers participating in a walking event on 3 consecutive days. Participants with immune deficiencies were excluded. Questionnaires to determine the physiological status of the participants were completed. Analysis of neutrophil receptor expression was done by a point-of-care fully automated flow cytometer. A total of 45 participants were recruited, of whom 39 participants were included for data analysis. Study participants had a median age of 64 (58-70) years. The absolute numbers CD16dim /CD62Lbright and CD16bright /CD62Ldim neutrophils were increased after the first 2 days of exercise followed by an adaptation/normalization after the third day. Participants with activated neutrophils (high CD11b expression) had an impaired physical feeling indicated by the participant on a lower visual analog scale compared to participants who did not have activated neutrophils (P = 0.017, P = 0.022). Consecutive days of prolonged exercise results in an initial systemic innate immune response, followed by normalization/adaptation. Increased neutrophil activation was associated with impaired physical feeling measured by a validated VAS score indicated by the participant. Fully automated point-of-care flow cytometry analysis of neutrophil phenotypes in a field laboratory might be a useful tool to monitor relevant differences in the systemic innate immune response in response to exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Spijkerman
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lillian Hesselink
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Bertinetto
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Cwg Bongers
- Department of Physiology Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Falco Hietbrink
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luke Ph Leenen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Te Hopman
- Department of Physiology Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cohen G, Steinberg DM, Keinan-Boker L, Shaked O, Goshen A, Shimony T, Shohat T, Gerber Y. Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cancer Risk Among Older Adults: A Cohort Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2020; 4:115-125. [PMID: 32280920 PMCID: PMC7140136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and long-term cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of older adults. Participants and Methods The cohort comprised participants of a national survey conducted between July 2005 and December 2006, constituting a random sample of Israeli community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older. Based on self-reported LTPA habits, participants were classified as sufficiently active, insufficiently active, or inactive according to published guidelines. Cancer diagnosis was assessed via the Israeli National Cancer Registry through September 2015. Inverse probability weighted hazard ratios for incident cancer, based on propensity score, were estimated for LTPA categories. Results Analysis included 1542 participants with no history of cancer at baseline (median [25th-75th percentile] age, 73 years [69-78 years]; 826 [53.6%] women). Inactive participants (n=641 [41.6%]) were more likely to be female, of lower socioeconomic status, and with higher body mass index and poorer perceived health compared with their insufficiently active (n=443 [28.7%]) and sufficiently active (n=458 [29.7%]) counterparts. In the propensity score–weighted synthetic sample, the distribution of measured baseline covariates was similar across LTPA categories. Over a median follow-up of 9 years, 254 new cancer cases (16.5%) were diagnosed. Leisure-time physical activity was inversely associated with incident cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 0.66 (0.46-0.93) in insufficiently active and 0.59 (0.42-0.82) in sufficiently active participants compared with inactive individuals (P value for trend = .002). Conclusion Among older adults, engaging in LTPA, even at lower levels than officially recommended, may have a beneficial effect on primary prevention of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gali Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Stanley Steyer Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David M Steinberg
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, School of Mathematical Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Or Shaked
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abigail Goshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shimony
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tamar Shohat
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yariv Gerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Stanley Steyer Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fei Z, Li D, Li K, Zhou M, Li Y, Li Y, Sun Z. Detraining after tumor-bearing accelerates tumor growth while continuous training decreases tumor growth in mice. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
20
|
Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer: A Study Based on TCGA and GEO Data. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8283401. [PMID: 32047816 PMCID: PMC7003274 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8283401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common malignant cancer, and it is the most common genitourinary cancer in the world. The recurrence rate is the highest of all cancers, and the treatment of BLCA has only slightly improved over the past 30 years. Genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the development and progression of BLCA. However, the mechanism of cancer development remains to be proven. Therefore, the identification of potential oncogenes is urgent for developing new therapeutic directions and designing novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of BLCA. Based on this need, we screened overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEG) from the GSE7476, GSE13507, and TCGA BLCA datasets. To identify the central genes from these DEGs, we performed a protein-protein interaction network analysis. To investigate the role of DEGs and the underlying mechanisms in BLCA, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopedia (KEGG) analysis; we identified the hub genes via different evaluation methods in cytoHubba and then selected the target genes by performing survival analysis. Finally, the relationship between these target genes and tumour immunity was analysed to explore the roles of these genes. In summary, our current studies indicate that both cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) and abnormal spindle microtubule assembly (ASPM) genes are potential prognostic biomarkers for BLCA. It may also be a potential immunotherapeutic target with future clinical significance.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chon HS, Sehovic M, Marchion D, Walko C, Xiong Y, Extermann M. Biologic Mechanisms Linked to Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer that May Be Affected by Aging. J Cancer 2019; 10:2604-2618. [PMID: 31258768 PMCID: PMC6584919 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of both life expectancy of the Western industrialized population and cancer incidence with aging is expected to result in a rapid expansion of the elderly cancer population, including patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Although the survival of patients with EOC has generally improved over the past three decades, this progress has yet to provide benefits for elderly patients. Compared with young age, advanced age has been reported as an adverse prognostic factor influencing EOC. However, contradicting results have been obtained, and the mechanisms underlying this observation are poorly defined. Few papers have been published on the underlying biological mechanisms that might explain this prognosis trend. We provide an extensive review of mechanisms that have been linked to EOC prognosis and/or aging in the published literature and might underlie this relationship in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Chon
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa FL, USA
| | - Marina Sehovic
- Senior Adult Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa FL, USA
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa FL, USA
| | - Douglas Marchion
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa FL, USA
| | - Christine Walko
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa FL, USA
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa FL, USA
| | - Martine Extermann
- Senior Adult Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa FL, USA
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:201-217. [PMID: 31193280 PMCID: PMC6523821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that have received the most attention from investigators: (1) acute and chronic effects of exercise on the immune system, (2) clinical benefits of the exercise-immune relationship, (3) nutritional influences on the immune response to exercise, and (4) the effect of exercise on immunosenescence. These scientific discoveries can be organized into distinctive time periods: 1900-1979, which focused on exercise-induced changes in basic immune cell counts and function; 1980-1989, during which seminal papers were published with evidence that heavy exertion was associated with transient immune dysfunction, elevated inflammatory biomarkers, and increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections; 1990-2009, when additional focus areas were added to the field of exercise immunology including the interactive effect of nutrition, effects on the aging immune system, and inflammatory cytokines; and 2010 to the present, when technological advances in mass spectrometry allowed system biology approaches (i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and microbiome characterization) to be applied to exercise immunology studies. The future of exercise immunology will take advantage of these technologies to provide new insights on the interactions between exercise, nutrition, and immune function, with application down to the personalized level. Additionally, these methodologies will improve mechanistic understanding of how exercise-induced immune perturbations reduce the risk of common chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Laurel M. Wentz
- Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
What Do Primary Healthcare Providers and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practitioners in Palestine Need to Know about Exercise for Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Consensual Study Using the Delphi Technique. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7695818. [PMID: 31118968 PMCID: PMC6500610 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7695818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Exercise has physiologic and psychological benefits for cancer patients and survivors. Today, various exercises are recommended as adjunct to therapies for cancer patients and survivors. This study was conducted to develop a consensual core list of important knowledge items that primary healthcare providers and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners need to know on the role of exercises and physical activities in stimulating anticancer immunity. Methods Knowledge items were collected following interviews with key contact experts (4 oncologists, 3 exercise and medicine specialists, 2 researchers, 2 cancer patients, and 3 survivors) and extensive literature review. The collected knowledge items were rated by 9 researchers who conducted research on exercise and cancer. A modified two-iterative Delphi technique was employed among a panel (n = 65) of healthcare providers and CAM practitioners to develop the consensual core list of knowledge items. Results Of the 49 knowledge items, consensus was achieved on 45 (91.8%) items in 6 categories. Of those, 9 (20.0%) were general items on recommending moderate to vigorous habitual exercises and physical activities. The rest of items were related to the effects of habitual exercises and physical activities on the functions of immune system and exposure to carcinogens 16 (35.6%), anticancer therapies 12 (26.7%), metastasis of cancer 3 (6.7%), metabolism within tumors 3 (6.7%), and myokines release 2 (4.4%). Conclusion Formal consensus was achieved for the first time on a core list of knowledge items on how exercises and physical activities might stimulate anticancer immunity. This core list might be considered at the time of developing training/educational interventions and/or continuing education for primary healthcare providers and CAM practitioners. Future studies are still needed to investigate if such consensual lists might improve congruence in cancer care continuum and improve survival rates and wellbeing of cancer patients and survivors.
Collapse
|
24
|
The health effects of Baduanjin exercise (a type of Qigong exercise) in breast cancer survivors: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2019; 39:90-97. [PMID: 30850143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise, which is a traditional Chinese Qigong exercise, in breast cancer survivors to assess its efficacy for physical and psychological rehabilitation. METHODS The study was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eighty-six subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 46) or control (n = 40) groups. The intervention group received Baduanjin exercise 3 days/week at hospital and another 4 days/week at home for 6 months, whereas the control group were requested to maintain their original physical activity. Outcomes included body mass index (BMI), heart rate variability, lung capacity, arm circumference, shoulder range of motion, step test index, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS After 6 months of intervention, heart rate variability and shoulder range of motion were significantly improved in the Baduanjin group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There were also significant improvements in depression, QOL, and four QOL dimension scores (physical well-being, social well-being, functional well-being, and breast cancer subscale) (P < 0.05). However, there were no differences in the BMI, lung capacity, arm circumference, step test index, anxiety, and the emotional well-being QOL dimension scores. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Baduanjin is an effective intervention for improving physical and psychological health outcomes among breast cancer survivors, which is worth recommending and implementing by oncology nurses for breast cancer survivors during their long rehabilitation journeys.
Collapse
|
25
|
Costantino E, Actis AB. Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutrients in Relation to Inflammation and Particularly to Oral Mucosa Inflammation. A Literature Review. Nutr Cancer 2018; 71:718-730. [PMID: 30450980 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1521439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa is site of inflammatory process development. When they are chronic, they provide a microenvironment based on cytokines and inflammatory mediators that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Certain dietary fatty acids (FAs) have immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and antiinflammatory effects. This review examined the literature on inflammation, mainly referred to the oral mucosa, and its association with dietary FAs and other nutrients. A Pubmed search of studies published in English until June 2018 was carried out. N-3 FAs have shown immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity in certain human diseases. These FAs and their mediators may inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer via multiple mechanisms. Studies on cellular models of murine and human intestinal mucosa indicate association between dietary n-3 FA intake and the inflammatory state of mucosa membranes. Nevertheless scarce information on the association between dietary FAs and oral inflammation could be found. Based on the evidence, we hypothesize that n-3 FAs reduce the oral mucosa inflammation thus decreasing the risk of developing precancerous lesions and cancer. Molecular and clinical studies referred to this topic should be carried out as a contribution to the oral cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Costantino
- a Cátedra B de Anatomía, Facultad de Odontología , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Adriana Beatriz Actis
- a Cátedra B de Anatomía, Facultad de Odontología , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Z, Ren L, Tian J, Liu N, Hu Y, Zhang P. Comprehensive Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and Messenger RNAs Expression Profiles in Patients with Marjolin Ulcer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7828-7840. [PMID: 30385735 PMCID: PMC6228116 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Marjolin ulcer (MU) is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Typically, MU occurs over a period of time in post-burn and/or post-traumatic lesions and scars. However, the pathogenesis of scar carcinogenesis and MU development remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiling in MU, which could provide new information on the potential molecular mechanisms of MU development. Material/Methods The lncRNA microarray analysis was conducted in normal skin, scar, and MU tissue, and quantitative real-time PCR experiment was carried out to validate the reliability of the microarray data. Furthermore, a series of integrative bioinformatic approaches were applied to decipher the function of differentially expressed lncRNAs. Results A total of 7130 lncRNAs and 9867 mRNAs were differentially expressed among normal skin, scar, and MU tissues. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that these aberrantly expressed transcripts were mainly involved in cell cycle, immune response, and the p53 signaling pathway. Series Test of Cluster analysis indicated certain dysregulated lncRNAs were expressed with a gradually increasing or decreasing trend and might participated in malignant transformation of scar tissue postburn. Co-expression analysis showed 5 selected lncRNAs might regulate cell proliferation through the p53 signaling pathway. Finally, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network indicated that lncRNA uc001oou.3 might be implicated in ceRNA mechanism during MU development. Conclusions Taken together, our study implied the aberrant expression of lncRNAs may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of MU, and the exact mechanism warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Liu
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Licheng Ren
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yanke Hu
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim JY, Yi ES. Analysis of differences in subjective health status according to characteristics of hospitalized cancer patients. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:810-816. [PMID: 30443527 PMCID: PMC6222164 DOI: 10.12965/jer.36334.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is intended to analyze differences in the self-rated health of patients according to the characteristics of hospitalized cancer patients. To this end, this study analyzed the differences in self-rated health according to cancer diagnosis type, cancer stage and adjunctive treatment and analyzed the recognition of difficulties in physical activities during hospitalization. A questionnaire survey was conducted among data of 162 hospitalized cancer patients. For the self-rated health of cancer patients according to diagnosis type, it was lower in the gastric cancer group than in the thyroid cancer group and the breast cancer group. For self-rated health according to cancer stage, it was higher in the order of the stage 3 group, stage 2 group and stage 1 group. For the self-rated health of patients receiving adjunctive treatment, it was the lowest in the chemotherapy+radiotherapy group. And for personal constraints according to cancer stage in the category of “physical,” it was higher in the stage 3 group than in the stage 1 group. For hospital environment restrictions according to cancer stage in the category of “tool,” it was higher in the stage 1 group than in the stage 3 group. In conclusion, personal constraints on the physical activities of cancer patients appear to be due to fatigue and a lack of motivation, but medical services that influence motivation are critical to individual and continued care strategies for the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Kim
- Exercise Rehabilitation Convergence Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Surk Yi
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation & Welfare, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sellami M, Gasmi M, Denham J, Hayes LD, Stratton D, Padulo J, Bragazzi N. Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunological Parameters in the Elderly Aged: Can Physical Activity Counteract the Effects of Aging? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2187. [PMID: 30364079 PMCID: PMC6191490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is characterized by deterioration of the immune system caused by aging which induces changes to innate and adaptive immunity. Immunosenescence affects function and phenotype of immune cells, such as expression and function of receptors for immune cells which contributes to loss of immune function (chemotaxis, intracellular killing). Moreover, these alterations decrease the response to pathogens, which leads to several age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes in older individuals. Furthermore, increased risk of autoimmune disease and chronic infection is increased with an aging immune system, which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment, ultimately leading to accelerated biological aging. During the last century, sedentarism rose dramatically, with a concomitant increase in certain type of cancers (such as breast cancer, colon, or prostate cancer), and autoimmune disease. Numerous studies on physical activity and immunity, with focus on special populations (i.e., people with diabetes, HIV patients) demonstrate that chronic exercise enhances immunity. However, the majority of previous work has focused on either a pathological population or healthy young adults whilst research in elderly populations is scarce. Research conducted to date has primarily focused on aerobic and resistance exercise training and its effect on immunity. This review focuses on the potential for exercise training to affect the aging immune system. The concept is that some lifestyle strategies such as high-intensity exercise training may prevent disease through the attenuation of immunosenescence. In this context, we take a top-down approach and review the effect of exercise and training on immunological parameters in elderly at rest and during exercise in humans, and how they respond to different modes of training. We highlight the impact of these different exercise modes on immunological parameters, such as cytokine and lymphocyte concentration in elderly individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Sport Science Program (SSP), College of Arts and Sciences (QU-CAS), University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha Gasmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Mannouba, Tunisia
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Active Ageing Research Group, Department of Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Stratton
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Center, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rebelo-Marques A, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Ribeiro CF, Mota-Pinto A, Carrilho F, Espregueira-Mendes J. Aging Hallmarks: The Benefits of Physical Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29887832 PMCID: PMC5980968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
World population has been continuously increasing and progressively aging. Aging is characterized by a complex and intraindividual process associated with nine major cellular and molecular hallmarks, namely, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, a loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. This review exposes the positive antiaging impact of physical exercise at the cellular level, highlighting its specific role in attenuating the aging effects of each hallmark. Exercise should be seen as a polypill, which improves the health-related quality of life and functional capabilities while mitigating physiological changes and comorbidities associated with aging. To achieve a framework of effective physical exercise interventions on aging, further research on its benefits and the most effective strategies is encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rebelo-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana De Sousa Lages
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Francisco Carrilho
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- 3B’s Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Minho, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Elias R, Giobbie-Hurder A, McCleary NJ, Ott P, Hodi FS, Rahma O. Efficacy of PD-1 & PD-L1 inhibitors in older adults: a meta-analysis. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:26. [PMID: 29618381 PMCID: PMC5885356 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway demonstrated promising activities in variety of malignancies, however little is known regarding their efficacy in adults aged ≥65 years. Methods We conducted a systematic review and a study-level meta-analysis to explore efficacy of ICIs based on age, younger vs older than 65 years. We included in this analysis randomized controlled phase II or III studies in patients with metastatic solid tumors that compared efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors to a non-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Aggregated estimates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) are based on random/mixed effects (RE) models to allow for heterogeneity between the studies. Results Initial search identified 53 articles, 17 were randomized controlled trials that compared nivolumab, pembrolizumab or atezolizumab to chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Only 9 trials reported hazard ratiios (HR) for OS based on age and were included in this meta-analysis. Out of those studies seven reported HR for PFS but only 4 studies included subgroup-analysis based on age for PFS. The overall estimated random-effects HR for death was 0.64 with 95% CI of 0.54–0.76 in patients ≥65 years vs. 0.68 with 95% CI of 0.61–0.75 in patients < 65 years. The overall estimated random-effects for HR for progression was 0.74 with 95% CI of 0.60–0.92 in patients ≥65 years vs. 0.73 with 95% CI of 0.61–0.88 in patients < 65 years. Conclusions PD-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and PD-L1 (atezolizumab) inhibitors had comparable efficacy in adults younger vs ≥ 65 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Elias
- Sections of Hematology Oncology and geriatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Jackson McCleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Osama Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Phipps AI, Shi Q, Zemla TJ, Dotan E, Gill S, Goldberg RM, Hardikar S, Jahagirdar B, Limburg PJ, Newcomb PA, Shields A, Sinicrope FA, Sargent DJ, Alberts SR. Physical Activity and Outcomes in Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer: A Correlative Analysis of Phase III Trial NCCTG N0147 (Alliance). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:696-703. [PMID: 29563133 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prior studies have supported an inverse association between physical activity and colon cancer risk and suggest that higher physical activity may also improve cancer survival. Among participants in a phase III adjuvant trial for stage III colon cancer, we assessed the association of physical activity around the time of cancer diagnosis with subsequent outcomes.Methods: Before treatment arm randomization (FOLFOX or FOLFOX + cetuximab), study participants completed a questionnaire including items regarding usual daily activity level and frequency of participation in recreational physical activity (N = 1,992). Using multivariable Cox models, we calculated HRs for associations of aspects of physical activity with disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS).Results: Over follow-up, 505 participants died and 541 experienced a recurrence. Overall, 75% of participants reported recreational physical activity at least several times a month; for participants who reported physical activity at least that often (vs. once a month or less), the HRs for DFS and OS were 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-0.99] and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.63-0.93), respectively. There was no evidence of material effect modification in these associations by patient or tumor attributes, except that physical activity was more strongly inversely associated with OS in patients with stage T3 versus T4 tumors (Pinteraction = 0.03).Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher physical activity around the time of colon cancer diagnosis may be associated with more favorable colon cancer outcomes.Impact: Our findings support further research on whether colon cancer survival may be enhanced by physical activity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(6); 696-703. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda I Phipps
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. .,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qian Shi
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tyler J Zemla
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Efrat Dotan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharlene Gill
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Canada, Canada
| | | | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Polly A Newcomb
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anthony Shields
- Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Daniel J Sargent
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang M, Zhong Z, Lv M, Shu J, Tian Q, Chen J. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of lncRNAs and circRNAs with associated co-expression and ceRNA networks in bladder carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47186-47200. [PMID: 27363013 PMCID: PMC5216934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. To explore lncRNAs and circRNAs expression profiling and their biological functions in bladder cancer, we surveyed the lncRNA/circRNA and mRNA expression profiles of bladder cancer and para-cancer tissues using microarray for four patients. Thousands of significantly changed lncRNAs and mRNAs as well as hundreds of circRNAs were identified. Five dysregulated lncRNAs and four mRNAs were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR in 30 pairs of samples. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were executed to determine the principal functions of the significantly deregulated genes. Further more, we constructed correlated expression networks including coding-noncoding co-expression (CNC), competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), cis regulation, lncRNAs-transcription factor (TF)-mRNA with bioinformatics methods. Co-expression analysis showed lncRNA APLP2 expression is correlated with apoptosis-related genes, including PTEN and TP53INP1. CeRNA network inferred that lncRNA H19 and circRNA MYLK could bind competitively with miRNA-29a-3p increasing target gene DNMT3B, VEGFA and ITGB1 expressions. Moreover, the nearby genes pattern displayed that overexpressing ADAM2 and C8orf4 are cis-regulated by lncRNA RP11-359E19.2, involving in progression of bladder cancer. In addition, lncRNAs-TF-mRNA diagram indicated that lncRNA BC041488 could trans-regulate CDK1 mRNA expression through SRF transcription factor. Taken together, these results suggested lncRNAs and circRNAs could implicate in the pathogenesis and development of bladder cancer. Our findings provide a novel perspective on lncRNAs and circRNAs and lay the foundation for future research of potential roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in bladder carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Huang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengxin Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Westhoff E, Witjes JA, Fleshner NE, Lerner SP, Shariat SF, Steineck G, Kampman E, Kiemeney LA, Vrieling A. Body Mass Index, Diet-Related Factors, and Bladder Cancer Prognosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bladder Cancer 2018; 4:91-112. [PMID: 29430510 PMCID: PMC5798521 DOI: 10.3233/blc-170147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Urologists are frequently confronted with questions of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients about what they can do to improve their prognosis. Unfortunately, it is largely unknown which lifestyle factors can influence prognosis. Objective To systematically review the available evidence on the association between body mass index (BMI), diet, dietary supplements, and physical activity and UBC prognosis. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase up to May 2017. We included thirty-one articles reporting on observational and randomized controlled trials investigating BMI, diet and dietary supplements in relation to recurrence, progression, cancer-specific or all-cause mortality in UBC patients. Results In non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients, both overweight (3 studies, pooled hazard ratio (HR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.58, I2 = 0%) as well as obesity (3 studies, pooled HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.12-2.95, I2 = 79%) were associated with increased risk of recurrence when compared to normal weight. No association of BMI with risk of progression was found. Results for BMI and prognosis in muscle-invasive or in all stages series were inconsistent. Observational studies on diet and randomized controlled trials with dietary supplements showed inconsistent results. No studies on physical activity and UBC prognosis have been published to date. Conclusions Evidence for an association of lifestyle factors with UBC prognosis is limited, with some evidence for an association of BMI with risk of recurrence in NMIBC. Well-designed, prospective studies are needed to develop evidence-based guidelines on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Westhoff
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seth P Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.,Karl Landsteiner University, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- Department of Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Vrieling
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oh SH, Kim DK, Lee SU, Jung SH, Lee SY. Association between exercise type and quality of life in a community-dwelling older people: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188335. [PMID: 29216283 PMCID: PMC5720695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of three major representative exercises (resistance, flexibility, and walking) on quality of life (QoL) in a population of community-dwelling older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used public data from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014 (n = 1,586 older people). Demographic factors, three types of exercise, five EuroQoL subsets (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), and QoL scores (EQ-VAS) were investigated. The independent associations between each exercise and the five QoL subsets were determined using odds ratios (OR) adjusted for three demographic factors (age group, sex, and area of residence), using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The EQ-VAS scores of the exercisers was significantly higher than those of the non-exercisers for all exercise types. Subjects with problems in mobility dimension performed less exercise of all types of than those with normal mobility (resistance: OR, 0.687; flexibility: OR, 0.733, and walking: OR, 0.489). The self-care dimension was independently correlated with flexibility (OR, 0.558) and walking (OR, 0.485). CONCLUSION All types of exercisers showed higher QoL scores than non-exercisers. Among the QoL dimensions, mobility and self-care were independently associated with flexibility and walking exercise in this older people, suggesting that engaging in regular flexibility and walking exercise is important for achieving higher QoL in the older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Oh
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shi-Uk Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Polyphenolic drug composition based on benzenepolycarboxylic acids (BP-C3) increases life span and inhibits spontaneous tumorigenesis in female SHR mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1866-1875. [PMID: 27574962 PMCID: PMC5076442 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Effects of long-term application of novel polyphenolic composition BP-C3, containing polyphenolic benzenepolycarboxylic acids, vitamins and minerals on some biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumorigenesis has been studied in female SHR mice. Administration of BP-C3 with drinking water (0.005%) did not exert any toxic effect (did not have effect on general condition of animals, weight dynamics and consumption of food), postponed age-related switch-off of estrous function, caused slight reduction of body temperature. An increased survival was observed in mice treated with BP-C3 (p=0.00164, log rank test). BP-C3 increased mean lifespan – by 8.4%, lifespan of the last 10% of animals – by 12.4%, and life span of tumor-free mice – by 11.6%. A tendency in ability of BP-C3 to inhibit development of spontaneous tumors in mice was detected, though it did not reach the level of statistical significance (p=0.166, log rank test). The number of malignant mammary tumors was 1.5 times less and total number of tumors of various localizations was 1.6 times less in BP-C3 treated animals. Multiple tumors were registered in 8% of mice in the control group and no cases – in BP-C3 treated group. Thus, BP-C3 demonstrated some anti-carcinogenic and a pronounced geroprotective activity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Exercise enhance the ectopic bone formation of calcium phosphate biomaterials in muscles of mice. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:136-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Immunotherapy comes of age: Immune aging & checkpoint inhibitors. J Geriatr Oncol 2017; 8:229-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
39
|
Cao Dinh H, Beyer I, Mets T, Onyema OO, Njemini R, Renmans W, De Waele M, Jochmans K, Vander Meeren S, Bautmans I. Effects of Physical Exercise on Markers of Cellular Immunosenescence: A Systematic Review. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:193-215. [PMID: 27866236 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging affects negatively the immune system, defined as immunosenescence, which increases the susceptibility of elderly persons to infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. There are strong indications that physical exercise in elderly persons may prevent the age-related decline in immune response without significant side effects. Consequently, exercise is being considered as a safe mode of intervention to reduce immunosenescence. The aim of this review was to appraise the existing evidence regarding the impact of exercise on surface markers of cellular immunosenescence in either young and old humans or animals. PubMed and Web of Science were systematically screened, and 28 relevant articles in humans or animals were retrieved. Most of the intervention studies demonstrated that an acute bout of exercise induced increases in senescent, naïve, memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and significantly elevated apoptotic lymphocytes in peripheral blood. As regards long-term effects, exercise induced increased levels of T-lymphocytes expressing CD28+ in both young and elderly subjects. Few studies found an increase in natural killer cell activity following a period of training. We can conclude that exercise has considerable effects on markers of cellular aspects of the immune system. However, very few studies have been conducted so far to investigate the effects of exercise on markers of cellular immunosenescence in elderly persons. Implications for immunosenescence need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Cao Dinh
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Beyer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Mets
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - O O Onyema
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Renmans
- Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M De Waele
- Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Jochmans
- Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vander Meeren
- Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
- Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bigley AB, Rezvani K, Shah N, Sekine T, Balneger N, Pistillo M, Agha N, Kunz H, O'Connor DP, Bollard CM, Simpson RJ. Latent cytomegalovirus infection enhances anti-tumour cytotoxicity through accumulation of NKG2C+ NK cells in healthy humans. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:239-51. [PMID: 26940026 PMCID: PMC4955006 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection markedly expands NKG2C+/NKG2A- NK cells, which are potent killers of infected cells expressing human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E. As HLA-E is also over-expressed in several haematological malignancies and CMV has been linked to a reduced risk of leukaemic relapse, we determined the impact of latent CMV infection on NK cell cytotoxicity against four tumour target cell lines with varying levels of HLA-E expression. NK cell cytotoxicity against K562 (leukaemia origin) and U266 (multiple myeloma origin) target cells was strikingly greater in healthy CMV-seropositive donors than seronegative donors and was associated strongly with target cell HLA-E and NK cell NKG2C expression. NK cell cytotoxicity against HLA-E transfected lymphoma target cells (221.AEH) was ∼threefold higher with CMV, while NK cell cytotoxicity against non-transfected 721.221 cells was identical between the CMV groups. NK cell degranulation (CD107a(+) ) and interferon (IFN)-γ production to 221.AEH cells was localized almost exclusively to the NKG2C subset, and antibody blocking of NKG2C completely eliminated the effect of CMV on NK cell cytotoxicity against 221.AEH cells. Moreover, 221.AEH feeder cells and interleukin (IL)-15 were found to expand NKG2C(+) /NKG2A(-) NK cells preferentially from CMV-seronegative donors and increase NK cell cytotoxicity against HLA-E(+) tumour cell lines. We conclude that latent CMV infection enhances NK cell cytotoxicity through accumulation of NKG2C(+) NK cells, which may be beneficial in preventing the initiation and progression of haematological malignancies characterized by high HLA-E expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Bigley
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - K. Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - N. Shah
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - T. Sekine
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - N. Balneger
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - M. Pistillo
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - N. Agha
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - H. Kunz
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - D. P. O'Connor
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - C. M. Bollard
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation and Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA
| | - R. J. Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Silveira SL, LaVoy EC, Johnston CA. Assisting the Novice in Lifestyle Change. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 10:178-180. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827616629913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The beginning of a lifestyle intervention is a sensitive time, as doing “too much too quickly” may stress the immune system, resulting in an increase in upper respiratory symptoms and, consequently, attrition. However, “too little too slowly” may not align with patients’ motivation to change and may also result in attrition. There is also evidence that early weight loss is predictive of long-term maintenance of goal weight. Health care providers are frequently presented with contradictory information on the best model to promote enduring lifestyle change. Best practice dictates that health care provider acknowledge their patients’ motivation to change and incorporate each individual’s goals in designing the lifestyle change intervention. Additional support and advice may be warranted at the beginning of an intervention to promote the patient’s health and avoid attrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C. LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig A. Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Garatachea N, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Morán M, Emanuele E, Joyner MJ, Lucia A. Exercise attenuates the major hallmarks of aging. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:57-89. [PMID: 25431878 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects. Here we summarize how exercise impacts the major hallmarks of aging. We propose that, besides searching for novel pharmaceutical targets of the aging process, more research efforts should be devoted to gaining insights into the molecular mediators of the benefits of exercise and to implement effective exercise interventions for elderly people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- 1 Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza , Huesca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bigley AB, Rezvani K, Pistillo M, Reed J, Agha N, Kunz H, O'Connor DP, Sekine T, Bollard CM, Simpson RJ. Acute exercise preferentially redeploys NK-cells with a highly-differentiated phenotype and augments cytotoxicity against lymphoma and multiple myeloma target cells. Part II: impact of latent cytomegalovirus infection and catecholamine sensitivity. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49:59-65. [PMID: 25578514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that acute exercise is associated with a preferential redeployment of highly-differentiated NK-cells and increased cytotoxicity against HLA-expressing tumor cell lines during exercise recovery. In this part II study, we retrospectively analyzed these findings in the context of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and performed additional experiments to explore potential mechanisms underpinning the marked reduction in NK-cell redeployment with exercise in CMV-seropositive individuals. We show here that latent CMV infection impairs NK-cell mobilization with exercise, only when the intensity of the exercise bout exceeds the individual blood lactate threshold (BLT). This impaired mobilization is associated with increased proportions of poorly exercise-responsive NK-cell subsets (NKG2C+/KIR-, NKG2C+/NKG2A-, and NKG2C+/CD57+) and decreased NK-cell β(2)-adrenergic receptor (AR) expression in those with CMV. As a result, NK-cell production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in response to in vitro isoproterenol (synthetic β-agonist) stimulation was drastically lower in those with CMV (6.0 vs. 20.3pmol/mL, p<0.001) and correlated highly with the proportion of NKG2C+/CD57+ NK-cells (R(2)=0.97). Moreover, NK-cell cytotoxic activity (NKCA) against the K562 (36.6% vs. 22.7%, p<0.05), U266 (23.6% vs. 15.9%, p<0.05), and 221.AEH (41.3% vs. 13.3%, p<0.001) cell lines was increased at baseline in those infected with CMV; however, latent CMV infection abated the post-exercise increase in NKCA as a result of decreased NK-cell mobilization. Additionally, NKCA per cell against the U266 (0.24 vs. 0.12, p<0.01), RPMI-8226 (0.17 vs. 0.11, p<0.05), and 221.AEH (0.18 vs. 0.11, p<0.05) cell lines was increased 1h post-exercise (relative to baseline) in CMV-seronegative subjects, but not in those infected with CMV. Collectively, these data indicate that latent CMV infection may compromise NK-cell mediated immunosurveillance after acute exercise due to an increased proportion of "CMV-specific" NK-cell subsets with impaired β-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Bigley
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mira Pistillo
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Justin Reed
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Nadia Agha
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hawley Kunz
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Takuya Sekine
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, and Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Biomolecular bases of the senescence process and cancer. A new approach to oncological treatment linked to ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:125-38. [PMID: 25847820 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human ageing is associated with a gradual decline in the physiological functions of the body at multiple levels and it is a key risk factor for many diseases, including cancer. Ageing process is intimately related to widespread cellular senescence, characterised by an irreversible loss of proliferative capacity and altered functioning associated with telomere attrition, accumulation of DNA damage and compromised mitochondrial and metabolic function. Tumour and senescent cells may be generated in response to the same stimuli, where either cellular senescence or transformation would constitute two opposite outcomes of the same degenerative process. This paper aims to review the state of knowledge on the biomolecular relationship between cellular senescence, ageing and cancer. Importantly, many of the cell signalling pathways that are found to be altered during both cellular senescence and tumourigenesis are regulated through shared epigenetic mechanisms and, therefore, they are potentially reversible. MicroRNAs are emerging as pivotal players linking ageing and cancer. These small RNA molecules have generated great interest from the point of view of future clinical therapy for cancer because successful experimental results have been obtained in animal models. Micro-RNA therapies for cancer are already being tested in clinical phase trials. These findings have potential importance in cancer treatment in aged people although further research-based knowledge is needed to convert them into an effective molecular therapies for cancer linked to ageing.
Collapse
|
45
|
Bigley AB, Rezvani K, Chew C, Sekine T, Pistillo M, Crucian B, Bollard CM, Simpson RJ. Acute exercise preferentially redeploys NK-cells with a highly-differentiated phenotype and augments cytotoxicity against lymphoma and multiple myeloma target cells. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:160-71. [PMID: 24200514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
NK-cells undergo a "licensing" process as they develop into fully-functional cells capable of efficiently killing targets. NK-cell differentiation is accompanied by an increased surface expression of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) molecules, which is positively associated with cytotoxicity against the HLA-deficient K562 cell line. NK-cells are rapidly redeployed between the blood and tissues in response to acute exercise, but it is not known if exercise evokes a preferential trafficking of differentiated NK-cells or impacts NK-cell cytotoxic activity (NKCA) against HLA-expressing target cells. Sixteen healthy cyclists performed three 30-min bouts of cycling exercise at -5%, +5%, and +15% of lactate threshold. Blood samples obtained before, immediately after, and 1h after exercise were used to enumerate NK-cells and their subsets, and determine NKCA and degranulating subsets (CD107+) against cell lines of multiple myeloma (U266 and RPMI-8226), lymphoma (721.221 and 221 AEH), and leukemia (K562) origin by 4 and 10-color flow cytometry, respectively. Exercise evoked a stepwise redeployment of NK-cell subsets in accordance with differentiation status [highly-differentiated (KIR+/NKG2A-) >medium-differentiated (KIR+/NKG2A+)>low-differentiated (KIR-/NKG2A+)] that was consistent across all exercise intensities. NKCA per cell increased ∼1.6-fold against U266 and 221 AEH targets 1h post-exercise and was associated with a decreased proportion of NK-cells expressing the inhibitory receptor CD158b and increased proportion of NK-cells expressing the activating receptor NKG2C, respectively. We conclude that exercise evokes a preferential redeployment of NK-cell subsets with a high differentiation phenotype and augments cytotoxicity against HLA-expressing target cells. Exercise may serve as a simple strategy to enrich the blood compartment of highly cytotoxic NK-cell subsets that can be harvested for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Bigley
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Claude Chew
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Takuya Sekine
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mira Pistillo
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Brian Crucian
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman Street, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| |
Collapse
|