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Fonseca AP, Pizzol CD, Vanzo AC, da Silva GH, Facchini G, Pinheiro ALTA, Eberlin S, Maia Campos PMBG. Antiaging effects of a skin care formulation containing nanoencapsulated antioxidants: A clinical, in vitro, and ex vivo study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:510-524. [PMID: 37658653 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of effective cosmetic products for the reduction of the signs of skin aging is a complex process which requires an optimized combination of ingredients and specialized systems to deliver the actives to the skin layers. AIM To evaluate the tolerance and antiaging clinical efficacy of a cosmetic formulation containing a blend of nanoencapsulated antioxidants: ascorbyl palmitate, resveratrol, tocopherol, caffeine, carnosine, and niacinamide. METHODS Clinical efficacy was determined by subjective and instrumental analyses of collagen synthesis by fluorescence spectroscopy, by three-dimensional imaging analysis of suborbital edema, and by analysis of skin hydration and sebum content by biophysical techniques-Corneometer® and Sebumeter®. RESULTS The studied formulation was safe and effective for the improvement of skin appearance by increasing collagen synthesis and skin moisturizing and by reducing facial blemishes, swelling, and oiliness. A preclinical exploratory approach using an experimental model of human cell and skin cultures agreed with the observed antiaging effects, identifying mechanisms related to the containment of oxidative stress, reduction of melanin production, increased synthesis of type I procollagen, and regulation of the epidermal cohesion protein filaggrin. CONCLUSIONS The skin benefits obtained resulted from the combination of the ingredients in the formulation and the nanoencapsulation-based delivery system, which favors the solubility, safety, efficacy, and bioavailability of the preparation to the skin.
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Berdaweel IA, Monroe TB, Alowaisi AA, Mahoney JC, Liang IC, Berns KA, Gao D, McLendon JM, Anderson EJ. Iron scavenging and suppression of collagen cross-linking underlie antifibrotic effects of carnosine in the heart with obesity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1275388. [PMID: 38348353 PMCID: PMC10859874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral consumption of histidyl dipeptides such as l-carnosine has been suggested to promote cardiometabolic health, although therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We recently reported that oral consumption of a carnosine analog suppressed markers of fibrosis in liver of obese mice, but whether antifibrotic effects of carnosine extend to the heart is not known, nor are the mechanisms by which carnosine is acting. Here, we investigated whether oral carnosine was able to mitigate the adverse cardiac remodeling associated with diet induced obesity in a mouse model of enhanced lipid peroxidation (i.e., glutathione peroxidase 4 deficient mice, GPx4+/-), a model which mimics many of the pathophysiological aspects of metabolic syndrome and T2 diabetes in humans. Wild-type (WT) and GPx4+/-male mice were randomly fed a standard (CNTL) or high fat high sucrose diet (HFHS) for 16 weeks. Seven weeks after starting the diet, a subset of the HFHS mice received carnosine (80 mM) in their drinking water for duration of the study. Carnosine treatment led to a moderate improvement in glycemic control in WT and GPx4+/-mice on HFHS diet, although insulin sensitivity was not significantly affected. Interestingly, while our transcriptomic analysis revealed that carnosine therapy had only modest impact on global gene expression in the heart, carnosine substantially upregulated cardiac GPx4 expression in both WT and GPx4+/-mice on HFHS diet. Carnosine also significantly reduced protein carbonyls and iron levels in myocardial tissue from both genotypes on HFHS diet. Importantly, we observed a robust antifibrotic effect of carnosine therapy in hearts from mice on HFHS diet, which further in vitro experiments suggest is due to carnosine's ability to suppress collagen-cross-linking. Collectively, this study reveals antifibrotic potential of carnosine in the heart with obesity and illustrates key mechanisms by which it may be acting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A. Berdaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - T. Blake Monroe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Amany A. Alowaisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jolonda C. Mahoney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - I-Chau Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A. Berns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Dylan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jared M. McLendon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ethan J. Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Wang S, Li D, Zou M, Wu J, Wang X, Yang Y, Li X, Yang W. Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid compound in the treatment of female androgenetic alopecia: A retrospective, case-series study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3268-3275. [PMID: 37337401 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female androgenetic alopecia (FAGA) is a condition that affects women and involves the gradual loss of terminal hair in specific areas of the scalp. The limited treatment options for FAGA necessitate the development of new strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefit of using a combination therapy composed of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) compound in the treatment of FAGA. METHODS This was a retrospective, case-series study, which enrolled nine female patients with FAGA between September 2021 and December 2022. The non-cross-linked HA compound (Hearty®, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd.) and PRP were implanted into the areas of hair loss over four treatment sessions separated by 4-week intervals. Patients were monitored for overall improvement in their hair loss, hair count, treatment satisfaction, and adverse events at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up. RESULTS The improvement rates, subjectively evaluated by the study physician, were 88.89% at the 1-month and 100% at the 3-month follow-up, relative to baseline. Moreover, the quantitative evaluation results showed that the FAGA patients' hair density increased by 54.51% at the 1-month and by 77.25% at the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION The combination of PRP and non-cross-linked HA compound appeared to be a certain positive effective procedure for FAGA without serious adverse event. We envisage that this work will contribute to the development of new treatment options for women suffering from this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Wang
- Department of Medical, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Beijing Huaxia Medical Beauty Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Muyan Zou
- Department of Medical, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxu Wu
- Department of Medical, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xuehan Wang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Beijing Huaxia Medical Beauty Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Beijing Huaxia Medical Beauty Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Beijing Huaxia Medical Beauty Hospital, Beijing, China
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Maugeri S, Sibbitts J, Privitera A, Cardaci V, Di Pietro L, Leggio L, Iraci N, Lunte SM, Caruso G. The Anti-Cancer Activity of the Naturally Occurring Dipeptide Carnosine: Potential for Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2592. [PMID: 37998326 PMCID: PMC10670273 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide composed of β-alanine and L-histidine, possessing a multimodal pharmacodynamic profile that includes anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Carnosine has also shown its ability to modulate cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and even glycolytic energy metabolism, all processes playing a key role in the context of cancer. Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of the 20th and 21st centuries. Among the different types of cancer, breast cancer represents the most common non-skin cancer among women, accounting for an estimated 15% of all cancer-related deaths in women. The main aim of the present review was to provide an overview of studies on the anti-cancer activity of carnosine, and in particular its activity against breast cancer. We also highlighted the possible advantages and limitations involved in the use of this dipeptide. The first part of the review entailed a brief description of carnosine's biological activities and the pathophysiology of cancer, with a focus on breast cancer. The second part of the review described the anti-tumoral activity of carnosine, for which numerous studies have been carried out, especially at the preclinical level, showing promising results. However, only a few studies have investigated the therapeutic potential of this dipeptide for breast cancer prevention or treatment. In this context, carnosine has shown to be able to decrease the size of cancer cells and their viability. It also reduces the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclin D1, NAD+, and ATP, as well as cytochrome c oxidase activity in vitro. When tested in mice with induced breast cancer, carnosine proved to be non-toxic to healthy cells and exhibited chemopreventive activity by reducing tumor growth. Some evidence has also been reported at the clinical level. A randomized phase III prospective placebo-controlled trial showed the ability of Zn-carnosine to prevent dysphagia in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy. Despite this evidence, more preclinical and clinical studies are needed to better understand carnosine's anti-tumoral activity, especially in the context of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Maugeri
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Jay Sibbitts
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Anna Privitera
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardaci
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Pietro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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Li S, He X, Zhang Z, Zhang XS, Niu YG, Steel A, Wang HT. Efficacy and safety of a facial serum and a mask containing salicylic acid and lipohydroxy acid in acne management: A randomized controlled trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:2502-2511. [PMID: 36999489 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions constitute a significant clinical challenge in acne subjects. AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a facial serum and a mask containing salicylic acid and lipohydroxy acid for improving skin conditions. METHODS This randomized controlled trial included adults with comedones, post-inflammatory erythema (PIE) and/or hyperpigmentation (PIH) in Shanghai, China in July 2021. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive the study Serum + Mask or serum alone for 8 weeks. Acne severity, comedones, papules, pustules, PIE, PIH, skin pores, skin tone evenness, sebum secretion, skin hydration, and trans-epidermal water loss were evaluated at T0d, T1d, T7d, T14d, T28d, and T56d. RESULTS Eighty-three participants were included, including 41 and 42 in the Serum + Mask and Serum groups, respectively. Acne severity, density of skin pores, skin tone evenness, PIH foci on face, PIE foci on nose, intensity of PIE and PIH, closed comedones on face, open comedones on nose, sebum secretion, and skin hydration were significantly improved from baseline after 8 weeks of treatment in both groups (all p < 0.05). Addition of the mask improved the number of closed comedones (-6.56 ± 0.39 vs. -5.19 ± 0.44, p = 0.022) and acne severity (-0.39 ± 0.08 vs. -0.12 ± 0.09, p = 0.026) substantially more than using the serum alone. No adverse reaction was reported in either group. CONCLUSIONS The study serum improved skin conditions by regulating skin barrier function and achieving a balance of skin hydration and sebum secretion, removing comedones and improving PIE and PIH. Addition of the mask accelerated the effects without compromising safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Zhongxing Zhang
- Active Cosmetics Division, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | | | | | - Andrew Steel
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Hequn Tracy Wang
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, 201206, China
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Zoanni B, Aiello G, Negre-Salvayre A, Aldini G, Carini M, D'Amato A. Lipidome Investigation of Carnosine Effect on Nude Mice Skin to Prevent UV-A Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10009. [PMID: 37373157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid profile of skin is fundamental in the maintenance of the protective barrier against the external environment. Signaling and constitutive lipids of this large organ are involved in inflammation, metabolism, aging, and wound healing, such as phospholipids, triglycerides, FFA, and sphingomyelin. Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation results in a photoaging process that is an accelerated form of aging. UV-A radiation deeply penetrates the dermis and promotes damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carnosine, an endogenous β-alanyl-L-histidine dipeptide, demonstrated antioxidant properties that prevent photoaging and modification of skin protein profiling, making carnosine a compelling ingredient to consider for use in dermatology. The aim of this research was to investigate the modification of skin lipidome after UV-A treatment in presence or not of topic administration of carnosine. Quantitative analyses based on high-resolution mass spectrometry of nude mice skin-extracted lipids resulted in several modifications of barrier composition after UV-A radiation, with or without carnosine treatment. In total, 328 out of 683 molecules showed significant alteration-262 after UV-A radiation and 126 after UV-A and carnosine treatment versus controls. Importantly, the increased oxidized TGs after UV-A radiation, responsible of dermis photoaging, were completely reverted by carnosine application to prevent the UV-A damage. Network analyses also showed that the production of ROS and the calcium and TNF signaling were modulated by UV-A and carnosine. In conclusion, lipidome analyses attested the carnosine activity to prevent the UV-A damage, reducing the lipid oxidation, the inflammation, and the dysregulation of lipid skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Zoanni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Telematic University San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Negre-Salvayre
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, INSERM U1297 and University of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonsina D'Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Hajimoradi S, Hassanpour S, Vazir B. Maternal supplementation of L-Carnosine improves Reflexive Motor Behaviors in Mice Offspring. Neurosci Lett 2023; 807:137266. [PMID: 37088351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation of L-carnosine on improved reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring. Forty pregnant female NMRI mice were allocated into four groups. In the control group, mice received water, while in groups 2-4, female mice received supplementation of the L-carnosine (0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 mg/kg) at gestation days (G.D.) 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17. Newborn male pups were selected, and reflexive motor behaviors were analyzed on days 5, 7, 10, and 10-15, respectively. Serum malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and total antioxidant status(TAS) of was determined in offspring's. According to findings, prenatal supplementation of the L-carnosine significantly increased ambulation score, surface righting, hind-limb suspension score, grip strength, front-limb suspension time, and negative geotaxis in mice offspring (P<0.05). Hind-limb foot angle decreased in mice offspring by maternal supplementation of the L-carnosine (P<0.05). Prenatal supplementation of the L-carnosine significantly decreased the MDA and increased the SOD, GPx, and TAS levels in offspring (P<0.05). These results suggested maternal supplementation of the L-carnosine improved reflexive motor behaviors and antioxidant status in mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hajimoradi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bita Vazir
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Sonsalla MM, Lamming DW. Geroprotective interventions in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w. [PMID: 37022634 PMCID: PMC10400530 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease. As the population ages, the increasing prevalence of AD threatens massive healthcare costs in the coming decades. Unfortunately, traditional drug development efforts for AD have proven largely unsuccessful. A geroscience approach to AD suggests that since aging is the main driver of AD, targeting aging itself may be an effective way to prevent or treat AD. Here, we discuss the effectiveness of geroprotective interventions on AD pathology and cognition in the widely utilized triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) which develops both β-amyloid and tau pathologies characteristic of human AD, as well as cognitive deficits. We discuss the beneficial impacts of calorie restriction (CR), the gold standard for geroprotective interventions, and the effects of other dietary interventions including protein restriction. We also discuss the promising preclinical results of geroprotective pharmaceuticals, including rapamycin and medications for type 2 diabetes. Though these interventions and treatments have beneficial effects in the 3xTg-AD model, there is no guarantee that they will be as effective in humans, and we discuss the need to examine these interventions in additional animal models as well as the urgent need to test if some of these approaches can be translated from the lab to the bedside for the treatment of humans with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Cesak O, Vostalova J, Vidlar A, Bastlova P, Student V. Carnosine and Beta-Alanine Supplementation in Human Medicine: Narrative Review and Critical Assessment. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071770. [PMID: 37049610 PMCID: PMC10096773 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dipeptide carnosine is a physiologically important molecule in the human body, commonly found in skeletal muscle and brain tissue. Beta-alanine is a limiting precursor of carnosine and is among the most used sports supplements for improving athletic performance. However, carnosine, its metabolite N-acetylcarnosine, and the synthetic derivative zinc-L-carnosine have recently been gaining popularity as supplements in human medicine. These molecules have a wide range of effects—principally with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiglycation, anticarbonylation, calcium-regulatory, immunomodulatory and chelating properties. This review discusses results from recent studies focusing on the impact of this supplementation in several areas of human medicine. We queried PubMed, Web of Science, the National Library of Medicine and the Cochrane Library, employing a search strategy using database-specific keywords. Evidence showed that the supplementation had a beneficial impact in the prevention of sarcopenia, the preservation of cognitive abilities and the improvement of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the improvement of diabetes mellitus parameters and symptoms of oral mucositis was seen, as well as the regression of esophagitis and taste disorders after chemotherapy, the protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa and the support of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. However, in the areas of senile cataracts, cardiovascular disease, schizophrenia and autistic disorders, the results are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Cesak
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Vidlar
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bastlova
- Department of Rehabilitaion, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Student
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Olomouc, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Altay Benetti A, Tarbox T, Benetti C. Current Insights into the Formulation and Delivery of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Agents for Aging Skin. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
“Successful aging” counters the traditional idea of aging as a disease and is increasingly equated with minimizing age signs on the skin, face, and body. From this stems the interest in preventative aesthetic dermatology that might help with the healthy aging of skin, help treat or prevent certain cutaneous disorders, such as skin cancer, and help delay skin aging by combining local and systemic methods of therapy, instrumental devices, and invasive procedures. This review will discuss the main mechanisms of skin aging and the potential mechanisms of action for commercial products already on the market, highlighting the issues related to the permeation of the skin from different classes of compounds, the site of action, and the techniques employed to overcome aging. The purpose is to give an overall perspective on the main challenges in formulation development, especially nanoparticle formulations, which aims to defeat or slow down skin aging, and to highlight new market segments, such as matrikines and matrikine-like peptides. In conclusion, by applying enabling technologies such as those delivery systems outlined here, existing agents can be repurposed or fine-tuned, and traditional but unproven treatments can be optimized for efficacious dosing and safety.
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Post-Translational Modifications Evoked by Reactive Carbonyl Species in Ultraviolet-A-Exposed Skin: Implication in Fibroblast Senescence and Skin Photoaging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112281. [PMID: 36421467 PMCID: PMC9687576 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is an accelerated form of aging resulting from skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV-A radiation deeply penetrates the dermis and triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which promotes damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Lipid peroxidation results from the oxidative attack of polyunsaturated fatty acids which generate a huge amount of lipid peroxidation products, among them reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as α, β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenals (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal), acrolein or malondialdehyde. These highly reactive agents form adducts on free NH2 groups and thiol residues on amino acids in proteins and can also modify DNA and phospholipids. The accumulation of RCS-adducts leads to carbonyl stress characterized by progressive cellular and tissular dysfunction, inflammation and toxicity. RCS-adducts are formed in the dermis of skin exposed to UV-A radiation. Several RCS targets have been identified in the dermis, such as collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix, whose modification could contribute to actinic elastosis lesions. RCS-adducts may play a role in fibroblast senescence via the modification of histones, and the sirtuin SIRT1, leading to an accumulation of acetylated proteins. The cytoskeleton protein vimentin is modified by RCS, which could impair fibroblast motility. A better identification of protein modification and carbonyl stress in the dermis may help to develop new treatment approaches for preventing photoaging.
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12
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Sun L, Lv J, Liu Y, Zang M, Li P, Wang D, Zhu Y, Xu W. Effects of combined carnosine and ultra-high pressure on the inhibition of fishy off-odor of snakehead fillets and the possible mechanism. Food Chem 2022; 395:133615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Zhang J, Wang X, Li H, Chen C, Liu X. Immunomodulatory Effects of Chicken Broth and Histidine Dipeptides on the Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Mouse Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214491. [PMID: 36364753 PMCID: PMC9659005 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The carnosine and anserine, which represent histidine dipeptides (HD), are abundant in chicken broth (CB). HD are endogenous dipeptide that has excellent antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. The immunomodulatory effect of CB hydrolysate (CBH) and HD in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice was examined in this study. CBH and HD were given to mice via oral gavage for 15 days, accompanied by intraperitoneal CTX administration to induce immunosuppression. CBH and HD treatment were observed to reduce immune organ atrophy (p < 0.05) and stimulate the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (p < 0.05) while improving white blood cell, immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, CBH and HD strongly stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by up-regulating IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA expression (p < 0.05) while inhibiting interleukin-10 (IL-10) overproduction and IL-10 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In addition, CBH and HD prevented the inhibition of the nitric oxide (NP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cGMP-cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway (p < 0.05). These results indicate that CBH and HD have the potential to prevent immunosuppression induced by CTX. Our data demonstrate that CBH can effectively improve the immune capacity of immunosuppressed mice similar to the same amount of purified HD, which indicates that CBH plays its role through its own HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Cunshe Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.L.)
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14
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Preparation and Characterization of an Ancient Aminopeptidase Obtained from Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction for L-Carnosine Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196620. [PMID: 36235157 PMCID: PMC9570944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a biologically active peptide, L-carnosine has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health care industries due to its various physiological properties. However, relatively little research is available regarding L-carnosine's enzymatic synthesis function. In this study, a potential enzyme sequence with the function of carnosine synthesizing was screened out using the ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) technique. Identified with L-carnosine synthesis activity, this enzyme was further confirmed using autoproteolytic phenomenon via Western blot and N-terminal sequencing. After purification, the enzymatic properties of LUCA-DmpA were characterized. The melting temperature (Tm) and denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) of LUCA-DmpA were 60.27 ± 1.24 °C and 1306.00 ± 26.73 kJ·mol-1, respectively. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy results showed that this ancestral enzyme was composed of α-helix (35.23 ± 0.06%), β-sheet (11.06 ± 0.06%), β-turn (23.67 ± 0.06%) and random coil (32.03 ± 0.06%). The enzyme was characterized with the optimal temperature and pH of 45 °C and 9.0, respectively. Notably, LUCA-DmpA was also characterized with remarkable pH tolerance based on the observation of more than 85% remaining enzymatic activity after incubation at different pH buffers (pH = 6-11) for 12 h. Additionally, rather than being improved or inhibited by metal ions, its enzymatic activity was found to be promoted by introducing organic solvent with a larger log P value. Based on these homology modeling results, the screened LUCA-DmpA is suggested to have further optimization potential, and thereafter to be offered as a promising candidate for real industrial applications.
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15
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Insight Into the Effect of Carnosine on the Dispersibility of Myosin Under a Low-salt Condition and its Mechanism. FOOD BIOPHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-022-09747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Diniz FC, Hipkiss AR, Ferreira GC. The Potential Use of Carnosine in Diabetes and Other Afflictions Reported in Long COVID Patients. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:898735. [PMID: 35812220 PMCID: PMC9257001 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.898735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is a dipeptide expressed in both the central nervous system and periphery. Several biological functions have been attributed to carnosine, including as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, and as a modulator of mitochondrial metabolism. Some of these mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical manifestation and recovery time for COVID-19 are variable. Some patients are severely affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and may experience respiratory failure, thromboembolic disease, neurological symptoms, kidney damage, acute pancreatitis, and even death. COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, including diabetes, are at higher risk of death. Mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of the afflicted organs in COVID-19 patients have been discussed, the most common being the so-called cytokine storm. Given the biological effects attributed to carnosine, adjuvant therapy with this dipeptide could be considered as supportive treatment in patients with either COVID-19 or long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cardoso Diniz
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Bioquímica e Biofísica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alan Roger Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Bioquímica e Biofísica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Biológica, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Chen Y, Xia L, Xiao X, Li G. Enhanced capillary zone electrophoresis in cyclic olefin copolymer microchannels using the combination of dynamic and static coatings for rapid analysis of carnosine and niacinamide in cosmetics. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2045-2054. [PMID: 35324077 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetics having medicinal effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, have become a daily care routine consumption. The peptide additives, such as carnosine and nicotinamide, were frequently used to realize these medicinal effects. To accomplish rapid and effective quantitation of carnosine and niacinamide in cosmetics, a capillary zone electrophoresis was executed in cyclic olefin copolymer microchips having both dynamic and static coatings. The static coating of cyclic olefin copolymer microchannel was constructed from bovine albumin adsorption, immobilization and active site closure, while the dynamic coating was formed by adding surfactant into running buffer of capillary zone electrophoresis. The static coating can improve the hydrophilicity of cyclic olefin copolymer surface and avoid nonspecific peptide adsorption. The dynamic coating of sodium dodecyl sulfate in running buffer proved to be useful in flow velocity adjustment and the column efficiency enhancement in capillary zone electrophoresis separation channel of the cyclic olefin copolymer microchip device. A separation resolution up to 4.24 on the mixture of carnosine and nicotinamide was obtained. Moreover, an analysis method was established and applied to simultaneous carnosine and nicotinamide determination in a liquid whitening essence and a solid antiglycation pill and the results were verified by comparison with HPLC methods, indicating its potential in complex sample analysis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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18
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Łochyński D, Pawlak M, Everaert I, Podgórski T, Gartych M, Borucka AM, Celichowski J, Derave W, Kaczmarek D. Motor Unit Fatigability following Chronic Carnosine Supplementation in Aged Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030514. [PMID: 35276873 PMCID: PMC8839880 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is effective in treating neuromuscular diseases associated with aging, but there is still a need to clarify its role in motor units (MUs) function during aging. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats aged 15 months were randomly assigned to a control or to two experimental groups in which 0.1% carnosine supplementation was performed for 10 or 34 weeks. After 34 weeks, we examined fast fatigable (FF), fast fatigue-resistant (FR) and slow (S) MUs’ force properties and fatigability, as well as antioxidant potential, advanced glycation end products, activity of enzymes, and histidyl dipeptides content in the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Short- and long-term carnosine supplementation maintained the force of FF MUs at a higher level during its rapid decline seen from the initial 10 to 70 s of the fatigue test. In FF, especially long-term, and in FR MUs, especially short-term, carnosine supplementation resulted in less rapid force decline during the initial 70 s of the second fatigue protocol. Carnosine supplementation did not change muscle antioxidant potential and mortality rate (~35% in all groups), nor muscle mass with aging. Moreover, instead of the expected increase, a decrease in histidyl dipeptides by ~30% in the red portion of medial gastrocnemius muscle after long-term supplementation was found. After chronic carnosine supplementation, the specific changes in fatigue resistance were observed in FF and FR units, but not in S MU types that were not accompanied by an improvement of antioxidant potential and activity of glycolytic or oxidative enzymes in aged rats. These observations indicate that carnosine supplementation during aging may generate different physiological adaptations which should be considered as an important factor when planning treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Łochyński
- Department of Neuromuscular Physiotherapy, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-879 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-879 Poznan, Poland; (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Maciej Pawlak
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-879 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (T.P.); (A.-M.B.)
| | - Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.E.); (W.D.)
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-879 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (T.P.); (A.-M.B.)
| | - Magdalena Gartych
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-879 Poznan, Poland; (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Anna-Maria Borucka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-879 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (T.P.); (A.-M.B.)
| | - Jan Celichowski
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-879 Poznan, Poland; (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.E.); (W.D.)
| | - Dominik Kaczmarek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-879 Poznan, Poland; (M.P.); (T.P.); (A.-M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-835-5182
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19
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Hsieh SL, Li JH, Dong CD, Chen CW, Wu CC. Carnosine suppresses human colorectal cancer cell proliferation by inducing necroptosis and autophagy and reducing angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:44. [PMID: 34976156 PMCID: PMC8674876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is found in beef and fish. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of carnosine on the cell proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells. After human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells were treated carnosine for 72 or 96 h, the cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, angiogenesis and the expression of related regulatory molecules were detected using MTT assays, fluorescence image analysis and RT-qPCR in this study. Treatment of HCT-116 cells with 5, 10 or 15 mM carnosine for 72 or 96 h significantly decreased cell viability (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of β-catenin and transcription factor 4 (Tcf-4) was significantly reduced by 15–23% and 11–80%, respectively (P<0.05). When HCT-116 cells were treated with 15 mM carnosine, the mRNA levels of 1A/1B-light chain 3 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase were significantly increased by 235% and 249%, respectively (P<0.05). The mRNA level of Beclin-1 and autophagy levels were significantly increased by 137–141% in HCT-116 cells treated with 5, 10 or 15 mM carnosine (P<0.05). Carnosine (15 mM) also increased reactive oxygen species levels and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mRNA expression and depleted ATP levels (P<0.05). The angiogenesis-regulating molecules vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α were all significantly decreased by 10 or 15 mM carnosine treatment. These results showed that carnosine could suppress human colorectal cell proliferation by reducing β-catenin/Tcf-4 signaling, inducing autophagy and necroptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. It was demonstrated that carnosine is a potential compound from dietary food for the future clinical treatment and/or prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-Huei Li
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan, R.O.C
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20
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Tabibzadeh S. Resolving Geroplasticity to the Balance of Rejuvenins and Geriatrins. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1664-1714. [DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Wang S, Niu H, Liu Y, Tan Y, Gao H, Ren S, Wang L. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Non-Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Combined with L-carnosine for Horizontal Neck Wrinkles Treatment. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:2912-2917. [PMID: 34378075 PMCID: PMC8677633 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Horizontal neck wrinkle formation is gaining more attention among cosmetic practitioners and clients. To date, hyaluronic acid products are one of the most common treatment options for this aesthetic concern. However, different therapeutic strategies should be given to solve the problem due to multiple etiological reasons. Given that oxidative damage plays a critical role in neck wrinkle formation, anti-oxidative compounds are now considered by physicians when making a treatment plan. Aims To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler in combination with L-carnosine in treating horizontal neck wrinkles. Methods Thirteen patients with a Wrinkle Assessment Scale (WAS) of 2–5 for horizontal neck wrinkles were treated with L-carnosine-containing non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Participants were followed-up for 3 months after treatment. The post-treated WAS scores evaluated by physicians were collected when patient satisfaction was surveyed. Any post-treatment adverse events were recorded. Results With a single injection of the above filler, the physician-evaluated WAS scores improved by at least one score at one month and the improvement kept consistent as far as three months after injection. According to the last follow-up visit, 11/13 patients were satisfied with the treatment effect of their neck wrinkle. Moreover, adverse events were rare after filler injection, except for local complications that were considered common reactions to the filler injection procedure. Conclusion The non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler containing L-carnosine is safe and effective for treating horizontal neck wrinkles. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Wang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyun Niu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116003, Liaoning, China
| | - Yawen Tan
- Department of Medical Affairs, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116003, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116003, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116003, Liaoning, China.
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22
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Erythrocytes Prevent Degradation of Carnosine by Human Serum Carnosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312802. [PMID: 34884603 PMCID: PMC8657436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) has beneficial effects in different diseases. It is also frequently used as a food supplement to improve exercise performance and because of its anti-aging effects. Nevertheless, after oral ingestion, the dipeptide is not detectable in human serum because of rapid degradation by serum carnosinase. At the same time, intact carnosine is excreted in urine up to five hours after intake. Therefore, an unknown compartment protecting the dipeptide from degradation has long been hypothesized. Considering that erythrocytes may constitute this compartment, we investigated the uptake and intracellular amounts of carnosine in human erythrocytes cultivated in the presence of the dipeptide and human serum using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. In addition, we studied carnosine’s effect on ATP production in red blood cells and on their response to oxidative stress. Our experiments revealed uptake of carnosine into erythrocytes and protection from carnosinase degradation. In addition, no negative effect on ATP production or defense against oxidative stress was observed. In conclusion, our results for the first time demonstrate that erythrocytes can take up carnosine, and, most importantly, thereby prevent its degradation by human serum carnosinase.
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23
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Anti-cancer actions of carnosine and the restoration of normal cellular homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119117. [PMID: 34384791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide found in meat. Alternatively it can be formed through synthesis from the amino acids, β-alanine and L-histidine. Carnosine has long been advocated for use as an anti-oxidant and anti-glycating agent to facilitate healthy ageing, and there have also been reports of it having anti-proliferative effects that have beneficial actions against the development of a number of different cancers. Carnosine is able to undertake multiple molecular processes, and it's mechanism of action therefore remains controversial - both in healthy tissues and those associated with cancer or metabolic diseases. Here we review current understanding of its mechanistic role in different physiological contexts, and how this relates to cancer. Carnosine turns over rapidly in the body due to the presence of both serum and tissue carnosinase enzymes however, so its use as a dietary supplement would require ingestion of multiple daily doses. Strategies are therefore being developed that are based upon either resistance of carnosine analogs to enzymatic turnover, or else β-alanine supplementation, and the development of these potential therapeutic agents is discussed.
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24
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Vallianatou T, Shariatgorji R, Nilsson A, Karlgren M, Hulme H, Fridjonsdottir E, Svenningsson P, Andrén PE. Integration of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Machine Learning Visualizes Region-Specific Age-Induced and Drug-Target Metabolic Perturbations in the Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1811-1823. [PMID: 33939923 PMCID: PMC8291481 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
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Detailed metabolic
imaging of specific brain regions in early aging
may expose pathophysiological mechanisms and indicate effective neuropharmacological
targets in the onset of cognitive decline. Comprehensive imaging of
brain aging and drug-target effects is restricted using conventional
methodology. We simultaneously visualized multiple metabolic alterations
induced by normal aging in specific regions of mouse brains by integrating
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging
and combined supervised and unsupervised machine learning models.
We examined the interplay between aging and the response to tacrine-induced
acetylcholinesterase inhibition, a well-characterized therapeutic
treatment against dementia. The dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) and the vitamin α-tocopherol were significantly
elevated by aging in different brain regions. l-Carnitine
and acetylcholine metabolism were found to be major pathways affected
by aging and tacrine administration in a brain region-specific manner,
indicating altered mitochondrial function and neurotransmission. The
highly interconnected hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex displayed
different age-induced alterations in lipids and acylcarnitines, reflecting
diverse region-specific metabolic effects. The subregional differences
observed in the hippocampal formation of several lipid metabolites
demonstrate the unique potential of the technique compared to standard
mass spectrometry approaches. An age-induced increase of endogenous
antioxidants, such as α-tocopherol, in the hippocampus was detected,
suggesting an augmentation of neuroprotective mechanisms in early
aging. Our comprehensive imaging approach visualized heterogeneous
age-induced metabolic perturbations in mitochondrial function, neurotransmission,
and lipid signaling, not always attenuated by acetylcholinesterase
inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Vallianatou
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Shariatgorji
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling (UDOPP), Biomedical Centre 580, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heather Hulme
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elva Fridjonsdottir
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per E. Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Biomedical Centre 591, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Carnosine-A Dipeptide Molecule. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061644. [PMID: 33809496 PMCID: PMC8002160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carnosine is a dipeptide molecule (β-alanyl-l-histidine) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, and chelating properties. It is used in exercise physiology as a food supplement to increase performance; however, in vitro evidence suggests that carnosine may exhibit anti-cancer properties. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effect of carnosine on breast, ovarian, colon, and leukemic cancer cell proliferation. We further examined U937 promonocytic, human myeloid leukemia cell phenotype, gene expression, and cytokine secretion to determine if these are linked to carnosine’s anti-proliferative properties. Results: Carnosine (1) inhibits breast, ovarian, colon, and leukemic cancer cell proliferation; (2) upregulates expression of pro-inflammatory molecules; (3) modulates cytokine secretion; and (4) alters U937 differentiation and phenotype. Conclusion: These effects may have implications for a role for carnosine in anti-cancer therapy.
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Li X, Yang K, Gao S, Zhao J, Liu G, Chen Y, Lin H, Zhao W, Hu Z, Xu N. Carnosine Stimulates Macrophage-Mediated Clearance of Senescent Skin Cells Through Activation of the AKT2 Signaling Pathway by CD36 and RAGE. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:593832. [PMID: 33390976 PMCID: PMC7772392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophages can selectively recognize and eliminate senescent cells, but this function is impaired with age, resulting in excessive accumulation of senescent cells in the skin, which ultimately causes skin aging. Therefore, enhancing the immune surveillance ability of macrophages to clear senescent keratinocytes and fibroblasts from aging skin may be an effective skin rejuvenation strategy. Methods: In this study, a macrophage and senescent skin cell co-culture model was established whereby THP-1-derived macrophages and tert-butyl hydroxide-induced senescent skin cells (HaCaT and HFF-1) were grown in the same culture. Senescent skin cells were detected by the SPiDER-βgal assay, and the expression of secretory phenotype factors related to senescence was assayed by qPCR. The effect of carnosine on the number of SA-β-gal positive skin cells in the macrophage-senescent skin cell co-culture was evaluated and compared with that in the senescent skin cell monoculture. Results: Carnosine promoted macrophage-mediated elimination of senescent skin cells in the co-culture. Through the AKT2 signaling pathway, carnosine upregulated the expression of CD36 and receptors for advanced glycation end products and elevated the phagocytic capacity of the macrophages, thereby promoting the ability of the macrophages to eliminate the senescent skin cells. Conclusions: Carnosine could boost the immune surveillance ability of macrophages to clear senescent keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the macrophage-senescent skin cell co-culture by activating the AKT2 signaling pathway, suggesting the possibility of using carnosine as an agent to reverse skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaiye Yang
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haojie Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wengang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Golubev AG. COVID-19: A Challenge to Physiology of Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:584248. [PMID: 33343386 PMCID: PMC7745705 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.584248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The death toll of the current COVID-19 pandemic is strongly biased toward the elderly. COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) increases with age exponentially, its doubling time being about 7 years, irrespective of countries and epidemic stages. The same age-dependent mortality pattern known as the Gompertz law is featured by the total mortality and its main constituents attributed to cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, and oncological diseases. Among patients dying of COVID-19, most have at least one of these conditions, whereas none is found in most of those who pass it successfully. Thus, gerontology is indispensable in dealing with the pandemic, which becomes a benchmark for validating the gerontological concepts and advances. The two basic alternative gerontological concepts imply that either aging results from the accumulation of stochastic damage, or is programmed. Based on these different grounds, several putative anti-aging drugs have been proposed as adjuvant means for COVID-19 prevention and/or treatment. These proposals are reviewed in the context of attributing the molecular targets of these drugs to the signaling pathways between the sensors of resource availability and the molecular mechanisms that allocate resources to storage, growth and reproduction or to self-maintenance and repair. Each of the drugs appears to reproduce only a part of the physiological responses to reduced resource availability caused by either dietary calories restriction or physical activity promotion, which are the most robust means of mitigating the adverse manifestations of aging. In the pathophysiological terms, the conditions of the endothelium, which worsen as age increases and may be significantly improved by the physical activity, is a common limiting factor for the abilities to withstand both physical stresses and challenges imposed by COVID-19. However, the current anti-epidemic measures promote sedentary indoor lifestyles, at odds with the most efficient behavioral interventions known to decrease the vulnerability to both the severe forms of COVID-19 and the prevalent aging-associated diseases. To achieve a proper balance in public health approaches to COVID-19, gerontologists should be involved in crosstalk between virologists, therapists, epidemiologists, and policy makers. The present publication suggests a conceptual background for that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei G. Golubev
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract
In this article, the gerontological factors affecting the successful aging of the elderly have been uncovered, the quality of life and successful aging issues have been related to gerontology and investigated on a different dimension. It has been emphasized that the importance of gerontechnology on the successful aging, creation of awareness through formal and non-formal education, qualitative and quantitative researches should be increased. Qualitative and quantitative researches on the subject were evaluated together, gerontology and gerontechnology were considered together with successful aging, and gerontology functions and ergonomics should be taken into consideration in increasing quality of life. In addition, the concept of geronsafety, a new concept in gerontology, has been put forward, emphasizing the effects of safety on gerontology and successful aging.
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Kilis-Pstrusinska K. Carnosine and Kidney Diseases: What We Currently Know? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1764-1781. [PMID: 31362685 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190730130024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenously synthesised dipeptide which is present in different human tissues e.g. in the kidney. Carnosine is degraded by enzyme serum carnosinase, encoding by CNDP1 gene. Carnosine is engaged in different metabolic pathways in the kidney. It reduces the level of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, inhibits advanced glycation end products' formation, moreover, it also decreases the mesangial cell proliferation. Carnosine may also serve as a scavenger of peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and a natural angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. This review summarizes the results of experimental and human studies concerning the role of carnosine in kidney diseases, particularly in chronic kidney disease, ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure, diabetic nephropathy and also drug-induced nephrotoxicity. The interplay between serum carnosine concentration and serum carnosinase activity and polymorphism in the CNDP1 gene is discussed. Carnosine has renoprotective properties. It has a promising potential for the treatment and prevention of different kidney diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease which is a global public health issue. Further studies of the role of carnosine in the kidney may offer innovative and effective strategies for the management of kidney diseases.
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Menini S, Iacobini C, Fantauzzi CB, Pugliese G. L-carnosine and its Derivatives as New Therapeutic Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1744-1763. [PMID: 31296153 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190711102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular complications are among the most serious manifestations of diabetes. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of reduced life quality and expectancy in diabetics, whereas diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease and blindness. An effective therapeutic approach to prevent vascular complications should counteract the mechanisms of injury. Among them, the toxic effects of Advanced Glycation (AGEs) and Lipoxidation (ALEs) end-products are well-recognized contributors to these sequelae. L-carnosine (β-alanyl-Lhistidine) acts as a quencher of the AGE/ALE precursors Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS), which are highly reactive aldehydes derived from oxidative and non-oxidative modifications of sugars and lipids. Consistently, L-carnosine was found to be effective in several disease models in which glyco/lipoxidation plays a central pathogenic role. Unfortunately, in humans, L-carnosine is rapidly inactivated by serum carnosinase. Therefore, the search for carnosinase-resistant derivatives of Lcarnosine represents a suitable strategy against carbonyl stress-dependent disorders, particularly diabetic vascular complications. In this review, we present and discuss available data on the efficacy of L-carnosine and its derivatives in preventing vascular complications in rodent models of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We also discuss genetic findings providing evidence for the involvement of the carnosinase/L-carnosine system in the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and for preferring the use of carnosinase-resistant compounds in human disease. The availability of therapeutic strategies capable to prevent both long-term glucose toxicity, resulting from insufficient glucoselowering therapy, and lipotoxicity may help reduce the clinical and economic burden of vascular complications of diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
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Hipkiss AR. COVID-19 and Senotherapeutics: Any Role for the Naturally-occurring Dipeptide Carnosine? Aging Dis 2020; 11:737-741. [PMID: 32765939 PMCID: PMC7390525 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that the non-toxic dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) should be examined as a potential protective agent against COVID-19 infection and inflammatory consequences especially in the elderly. Carnosine is an effective anti-inflammatory agent which can also inhibit CD26 and ACE2 activity. It is also suggested that nasal administration would direct the peptide directly to the lungs and escape the attention of serum carnosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing (ARCHA), Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Ohhara Y, Kawashima T, Ohishi Y, Kayashima Y. Loss of CNDP causes a shorter lifespan and higher sensitivity to oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Biomed Res 2020; 41:131-138. [PMID: 32522930 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress seems to be the result of an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses. During the course of aging, oxidative stress causes tissue/cellular damage, which is implicated in numerous age-related diseases. Carnosinase (CN or CNDP) is dipeptidase, which is associated with carnosine and/or glutathione (GSH) metabolism, those are the most abundant naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide and tripeptides with antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study, we generated Drosophila cndp (dcndp) mutant flies using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to study the roles of dcndp in vivo. We demonstrate that dcndp mutant flies exhibit shorter lifespan and increased sensitivity to paraquat or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that dcndp maintains homeostatic conditions, protecting cells and tissues against the harmful effects of oxidative stress in the course of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yuya Ohhara
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takumi Kawashima
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yoshitatsu Ohishi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Vistoli G, Aldini G, Fumagalli L, Dallanoce C, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Activation Effects of Carnosine- and Histidine-Containing Dipeptides on Human Carbonic Anhydrases: A Comprehensive Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051761. [PMID: 32143488 PMCID: PMC7084589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Carnosine (β-Ala-l-His) and several other histidine-containing peptides, including two N-methylated forms on the imidazole ring (l-anserine and l-balenine), two derivatives modified on the carboxyl function (carcinine and l-carnosinamide), two analogues differing in the length of the N-terminal residue (l-homocarnosine and Gly-l-His) and the N-acetyl derivatives, were investigated as activators of four isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The four human isoforms hCA I, II, VA and IX were activated in the low to high micromolar range, with a rather complex structure activity relationship. A performed computational study allowed us to rationalize these results and to propose a binding mode of these activators within the enzyme active site. Similarly to other CA activators, the here studied peptides could find relevant pharmacological applications such as in the management of CA deficiencies, for therapy memory and enhancing cognition or for artificial tissues engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (C.T.S.); Tel.: +39-025-0319349 (G.V.); +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); Fax: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (C.T.S.); Tel.: +39-025-0319349 (G.V.); +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); Fax: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.)
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Devyatov AA, Fedorova TN, Stvolinsky SL, Ryzhkov IN, Riger NA, Tutelyan VA. [Study of the neuroprotective effects of carnosine in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 64:344-348. [PMID: 30135281 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186404344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key factors in brain tissue damage in ischemia, which indicates the appropriateness of using antioxidants under these conditions. One of the promising antioxidants for the therapy of ischemic stroke is the natural dipeptide carnosine. The neuroprotective effect of dietary carnosine administration was investigated in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in Wistar rats. Animals received carnosine with a diet at a daily dose of 150 mg/kg for 7 days before temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), performed for 60 min. At 24 h after the onset of ischemia the effect of carnosine on the area of the necrotic core was evaluated in animals. In brain tissue of animals the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), catalase (CAT) and glutathione transferase (GT), content of isoprostanes and cytokines were measured. Carnosine significantly reduced the infarct size. Carnosine also increased TAC and reduced the level of MDA and isoprostanes in brain tissue. Influence of carnosine on other parameters was not detected. Thus carnosine consumed prophylactically with the diet for 7 days before the induction of ischemia by means of MCA occlusion in rats provides the direct neuroprotective effect, retains high antioxidant activity of brain tissue, reduces the level of oxidative damage markers (MDA and isoprostanes) but does not have any effect on the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems and production of cytokines in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Devyatov
- Research Centre of Neurology, Moscow, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - I N Ryzhkov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Riger
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Tutelyan
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
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Canfield CA, Bradshaw PC. Amino acids in the regulation of aging and aging-related diseases. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Evaluation of the Transepidermal Penetration of a Carnosine Complex in Gel Formulation by 3D Skin Models. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine has several physiological roles, from intracellular pH buffering to antioxidant activities, which all depend on bioavailability. This study was conducted in a human skin 3D model and focuses on the effects of the topical delivery of carnosine, from a dermo-cosmetic gel, through the stratum corneum in the presence of a magnesium ion as a complexing agent. To evaluate possible enhancement for small peptide delivery to the skin from simple cosmetic formulations, we discovered that complexation was able to improve the delivery of carnosine into human skin 3D models by application in gel formulation. The concentrations of carnosine released in the underlying media and those that remained in the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) tissues after 24 and 48 h exposure were measured. Moreover, the influence of magnesium ions was also evaluated comparing the same formulation with and without the salt. The results obtained in this study support hypothesis that magnesium can influence the delivery of small peptides and that the gel formulation based on the carnosine-magnesium complex allows for superior delivery of carnosine in the lower skin layer at a concentration up to 60% more than carnosine alone.
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Narda M, Peno-Mazzarino L, Krutmann J, Trullas C, Granger C. Novel Facial Cream Containing Carnosine Inhibits Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products in Human Skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31:324-331. [PMID: 30199874 DOI: 10.1159/000492276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in skin has been associated with skin aging. Inhibition of glycation of proteins of extracellular matrix may help skin texture and appearance. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the antiglycation activity of topically applied carnosine and novel facial cream (FC) containing carnosine in human skin explants ex vivo. METHODS Glycation was induced in human skin explants by methylglyoxal (MG) in culture media. FC containing carnosine (FC-CARN) or carnosine in aqueous solution (AQ-CARN) was applied topically on skin explants. Levels of AGEs carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and pentosidine were determined in the epidermis and dermis of skin sections and were used to calculate antiglycation activity. RESULTS Exposure to MG led to increases in CML and pentosidine in skin explants. Antiglycation effect for AQ-CARN was CML: -64 and -41%, pentosidine: -48 and 42% in epidermis and reticular dermis respectively. Antiglycation effect for FC-CARN was CML: -150 and -122%, pentosidine: -108 and -136%, in epidermis and reticular dermis respectively. CONCLUSION Topically applied carnosine protects against the glycation induced by MG. Novel FC-CARN significantly reduced levels of AGEs in both epidermis and reticular dermis in human skin explants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean Krutmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, and Medical Faculty, Deanery of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Barca A, Gatti F, Spagnolo D, Ippati S, Vetrugno C, Verri T. Responsiveness of Carnosine Homeostasis Genes in the Pancreas and Brain of Streptozotocin-Treated Mice Exposed to Dietary Carnosine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061713. [PMID: 29890740 PMCID: PMC6032234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In excitable tissues, the endogenous dipeptide carnosine (CAR, β-Ala-l-His) sustains homeostatic responses to various challenges. By eliciting hypoglycemic effects via actions on the autonomic nervous system and protection of pancreatic beta-cells, CAR is also relevant in diabetes. We investigated the expression of genes involved in CAR biosynthesis, degradation, and membrane transport pathways, in the pancreas and brains of mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ) and then exposed to dietary CAR. We induced hyperglycemia by STZ intraperitoneal injections; then, STZ-treated mice received drinking water with or without CAR for two weeks. We report that CAR administration elicits beneficial effects on blood glucose levels and weight loss in STZ-treated mice and, remarkably, on the insulin gene products in the pancreas, preserving gene expression from STZ challenge. Also, we describe mRNA downregulation of the Slc15a2/Pept2 (dipeptide transporter) and Cndp2 (intracellular dipeptidase) genes in the pancreas of hyperglycemic mice, and dysregulation of Carns1 (CAR synthase), Pept2 and Cndp2 in brains; interestingly, dietary CAR elicits counteracting effects. These expression patterns associate with variations of CAR content in tissues of mice. Overall, our report suggests a direct role of CAR in the diabetes-affected pancreas and in the diabetes-targeted CNS, proposing (dys)regulation of CAR’s homeostasis as a marker condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilcare Barca
- General Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gatti
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Daniela Spagnolo
- General Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Stefania Ippati
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Neuroscience, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carla Vetrugno
- General Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Verri
- General Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Gevi F, Fanelli G, Zolla L. Metabolic patterns in insulin-resistant male hypogonadism. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:671. [PMID: 29867095 PMCID: PMC5986816 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Male hypogonadism associated with insulin resistance (IR) very often leads to metabolic syndrome, at variance with hypogonadism in its first stadium of insulin sensitivity (IS). A plasma metabolomic investigation of these patients can provide useful information in comparison with the values of IS patients. To this aim plasma from insulin-resistant males with hypogonadism were analysed by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Thus, metabolites were compared to the controls through multivariate statistical analysis and grouped by metabolic pathways. Metabolite database searches and pathway analyses identified imbalances in 18-20 metabolic pathways. Glucose metabolism (e.g., glycolysis and the Krebs cycle) is fuelled by amino acids degradation, in particular of branched amino acids, in individuals with lean body mass. Gluconeogenesis is strongly activated. Some crucial pathways such as glycerol are skewed. Mitochondrial electron transport is affected with a reduction in ATP production. Beta-oxidation of short and medium chain fatty acids did not represent an energy source in hypogonadism, at variance with long and branched fatty acids, justifying the increase in fat mass. Carnosine and β-alanine are strongly reduced resulting in increased fatigue and mental confusion. A comparison of IR with IS male hypogonadism will contribute to a better understanding of how these two hormones work in synergy or antagonise each other in humans. It could also help to select patients who will respond to hormone treatment, and provide accurate biomarkers to measure the response to treatment eventually leading to better strategies in preventing systemic complications in patients not fit for hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gevi
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Fanelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Antioxidant Status, Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Oxidation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients; Beneficial Effects of Supplementation with Carnosine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.64116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aydın AF, Bingül İ, Küçükgergin C, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Carnosine decreased oxidation and glycation products in serum and liver of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:278-288. [PMID: 29205589 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats provide useful animal model for type II diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in the development of diabetic complications. Carnosine (CAR) has anti-oxidant and anti-glycating properties. We investigated the effects of CAR on oxidation and glycation products in HFD+STZ rats. Rats were fed with HFD (60% of total calories from fat) for 4 weeks, and then a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied. Rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl were fed with HFD until the end of the 12th week. CAR (250 mg/kg body weight; i.p.; five times a week) was administered to the rats for the last four weeks. CAR significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (57.7%), cholesterol (35.6%) levels and hepatic marker enzyme activities of HFD+STZ rats. It significantly reduced serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) (23.7%), AGEs (13.4%) and advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) (35.9%) and hepatic TG (59%), ROS (26%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (11.5%), protein carbonyl (PC) (19.2%) and AGE (20.2%) levels. Liver steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning were also significantly reduced. However, CAR treatment did not alter serum glucose and blood glycated haemoglobin and hepatic anti-oxidant enzyme activities/mRNA expressions in HFD+STZ rats. Our results indicate that CAR decreased accumulation of oxidation and glycation products, such as MDA, AGE, AOPP and PC in the serum and liver and ameliorated hepatic dysfunction in HFD+STZ rats. This effect may be related to its anti-oxidative, anti-glycating, and anti-lipogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İlknur Bingül
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Küçükgergin
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işın Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru Abbasoğlu
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Golubev A, Hanson AD, Gladyshev VN. Non-enzymatic molecular damage as a prototypic driver of aging. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6029-6038. [PMID: 28264930 PMCID: PMC5391736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.751164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical potentialities of metabolites far exceed metabolic requirements. The required potentialities are realized mostly through enzymatic catalysis. The rest are realized spontaneously through organic reactions that (i) occur wherever appropriate reactants come together, (ii) are so typical that many have proper names (e.g. Michael addition, Amadori rearrangement, and Pictet-Spengler reaction), and (iii) often have damaging consequences. There are many more causes of non-enzymatic damage to metabolites than reactive oxygen species and free radical processes (the "usual suspects"). Endogenous damage accumulation in non-renewable macromolecules and spontaneously polymerized material is sufficient to account for aging and differentiates aging from wear-and-tear of inanimate objects by deriving it from metabolism, the essential attribute of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Golubev
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia,
| | - Andrew D Hanson
- the Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- the Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Hipkiss AR. Depression, Diabetes and Dementia: Formaldehyde May Be a Common Causal Agent; Could Carnosine, a Pluripotent Peptide, Be Protective? Aging Dis 2017; 8:128-130. [PMID: 28400979 PMCID: PMC5362172 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing (ARCHA), Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, U.K
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