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Özbay A, Bülbül AE. The impact of psychological resilience and gender on the relationship between trauma-coping perception and levels of secondary traumatic stress in mental health workers. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39238399 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of psychological resilience and gender on mental health workers' perceptions of coping with trauma and secondary traumatic stress. Following the February 6 earthquake, the study group consisted of 212 mental health workers who came from various provinces of Turkey to support the earthquake region. We collected data using the "Perception of Coping with Trauma Scale," "Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale," "Brief Psychological Resilience Scale," and "Personal Information Form." We conducted analyses using PROCESS Macro Model 4 and Model 8. The results show that the perception of coping with trauma indirectly affects secondary traumatic stress through psychological resilience. The relationship between men's perception of coping with trauma and their psychological resilience appears to be greater than that of women. The direct effect of perceptions of coping with trauma on secondary traumatic stress also varies by gender. As men's perceptions of coping with trauma and psychological resilience decrease, the level of secondary traumatic stress increases. We found no significant relationship between these three variables in women. We found that psychological resilience and gender mediate the relationship between perceptions of coping with trauma and secondary traumatic stress. While this relationship was significant for men, it was not significant for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özbay
- Ministry of National Education, Istanbul, Türkiye
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2
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Deierlein AL, Park C, Patel N, Gagnier R, Thorpe M. Mental health outcomes across the reproductive life course among women with disabilities: a systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01506-5. [PMID: 39222078 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review examined literature on mental health outcomes among women with disabilities living in high-income countries within the context of reproductive health, spanning menstruation through menopause. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for studies published through June 2023. Eligible studies were observational, quantitative, and included a comparison group without disabilities. RESULTS A total of 2,520 studies were evaluated and 27 studies met inclusion criteria. These studies assessed mental health during prepregnancy, pregnancy, postpartum, and parenting among women with and without disabilities. None of the studies examined reproductive health time periods related to menstruation, fertility, or menopause. Women of reproductive age with disabilities were more likely to have poor mental health outcomes compared to women without disabilities. During pregnancy and the postpartum, women with disabilities were at greater risk of diagnosed perinatal mental disorders and psychiatric-related healthcare visits. Findings also suggested mental distress and inadequate emotional and social support related to parenting among women with disabilities. The greatest risks of poor mental health outcomes were often observed among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities and among women with multiple types of disabilities, compared to women without disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Routine reproductive healthcare visits provide significant prevention and treatment opportunities for poor mental health among women with disabilities. Further research examining mental health outcomes within the context of reproductive health, especially understudied areas of menstruation, fertility, parenting, and menopause, among women with disabilities is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Curie Park
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nishtha Patel
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin Gagnier
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Thorpe
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Miller MC, Mishio Bawa E, Absher JR, Bonilha L, Ross LA, Chai HW, Milano NJ, Adams RJ. Longevity in the South Carolina Alzheimer's disease registry. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1425495. [PMID: 39233680 PMCID: PMC11371588 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1425495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background South Carolina has arguably the most robust Alzheimer's Registry in the United States. For enhanced planning in both clinical practice and research and better utilization of the Registry data, it is important to understand survival after Registry entry. To this end, we conducted exploratory analyses to examine the patterns of longevity/survival in the South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry. Methods The sample included 42,028 individuals in the South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry (SCADR). Participants were grouped into four cohorts based on their year of diagnosis. Longevity in the Registry (LIR), or the length of survival in the registry, was calculated based on the years of reported diagnosis and death. Results The median LIR varied between 24 to 36 months depending on the cohort, with 75% of individuals in the three recent cohorts surviving for at least 12 months. Across all cohorts, 25% of the participants survived at least 60 months. The median LIR of females was longer than that of males. Individuals whose race was classified as Asian, American Indian, and other than listed had longer LIR compared to White, African American, and Hispanic individuals. Median LIR was shorter for Registry cases diagnosed at an earlier age (less than 65 years). Conclusion Our data indicate that significant longevity is to be expected in the SCADR but that there is interesting variability which needs to be explored in subsequent studies. The SCADR is a rich data source prime for use in research studies and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggi C Miller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Office for the Study of Aging, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Eric Mishio Bawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Office for the Study of Aging, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - John R Absher
- Brain Health Network, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, United States
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Leonard Bonilha
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, Neuroscience, School of Medicine Columbia, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Lesley A Ross
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Hye Won Chai
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Nicholas J Milano
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Robert J Adams
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Chao G, Zhang L, Zhan Z, Bao Y. Effect of multimorbidity on depressive status in older Chinese adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081776. [PMID: 39174069 PMCID: PMC11340719 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to further explore the relevant influencing factors of depression and explore the correlation between multimorbidity coexistence and depression to find the goals and methods of early intervention of depression in the elderly. DESIGN This study adopts a cross-sectional approach. SETTING The study population of this project came from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Depression was grouped according to the 10-item version of Centre for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale. Chronic diseases, height, weight, grip strength, education, marital status, alcohol consumption, exercise and other indicators were included in the analysis. PARTICIPANTS 2239 adults over 60 years of age were included. RESULTS The proportion of women in the depression group was higher (p<0.001). The depression group had a lower grip strength than the control group (p<0.05). The sleep duration was shorter in the depression group (p<0.001). There were differences in education, marital status and alcohol consumption in the depression group (p<0.05). The depression group might have more types of coexisting chronic diseases (p<0.001). The depression group was more likely to have hypertension, dyslipidaemia, chronic lung diseases, heart attack, stroke, stomach disease and memory-related disease. Grip strength was connected with the risk of depression in the elderly (0.971 (95% CI 0.959 to 0.984)). Sleep (0.827 (95% CI 0.785 to 0.872) and education level (0.790 (95% CI 0.662 to 0.942) were related to the risk of depression in the elderly. Concomitant chronic diseases could affect the risk of depression in the elderly (1.455 (95% CI 1.243 to 1.703)). CONCLUSION The coexistence of multiple chronic diseases and depression is very common in the elderly. The coexistence of multiple chronic diseases is more common in older women and older depressed people. With the increase in the number of chronic diseases, the risk of depression in the elderly is significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chao
- Department of General Practice, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheli Zhan
- Department of General Practice, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bao
- Department of General Practice, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Balqis-Ali NZ, Ahmad N, Minhat HS, Fattah Azman AZ. Biopsychosocial factors of depression among community-dwelling geriatric population with low perceived social support; a population-based study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:685. [PMID: 39143517 PMCID: PMC11323693 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although significant and disabling consequences are presented due to geriatric population-related depression, an insufficient comprehension of various biological, psychological, and social factors affecting this issue has been observed. Notably, these factors can contribute to geriatric population-related depression with low social support. This study aimed to identify factors associated with depression among the community-dwelling geriatric population with low social support in Malaysia. METHODS This study used secondary data from a population-based health survey in Malaysia, namely the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018: Elderly Health. The analysis included 926 community-dwelling geriatric population aged 60 and above with low social support. The primary data collection was from August to October 2018, using face-to-face interviews. This paper reported the analysis of depression as the dependent variable, while various biological, psychological and social factors, guided by established biopsychosocial models, were the independent variables. Multiple logistic regression was applied to identify the factors. Analysis was performed using the complex sampling module in the IBM SPSS version 29. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of depression among the community-dwelling geriatric population aged 60 and above with low social support was 22.5% (95% CI: 17.3-28.7). This was significantly higher than depression among the general geriatric Malaysian population. The factors associated with depression were being single, as compared to those married (aOR 2.010, 95% CI: 1.063-3.803, p: 0.031), having dementia, as opposed to the absence of the disease (aOR 3.717, 95% CI: 1.544-8.888, p: 0.003), and having a visual disability, as compared to regular visions (aOR 3.462, 95% CI: 1.504-7.972, p: 0.004). The analysis also revealed that a one-unit increase in control in life and self-realisation scores were associated with a 32.6% (aOR: 0.674, 95% CI: 0.599-0.759, p < 0.001) and 24.7% (aOR: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.671-0.846, p < 0.001) decrease in the likelihood of developing depression, respectively. CONCLUSION This study suggested that conducting depression screenings for the geriatric population with low social support could potentially prevent or improve the management of depression. The outcome could be achieved by considering the identified risk factors while implementing social activities, which enhanced control and self-fulfilment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zahirah Balqis-Ali
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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González-Rodríguez A, Natividad M, Palacios-Hernández B, Ayesa-Arriola R, Cobo J, Monreal JA. An Evaluation of a Women's Clinic: The Healthcare and Learning Project of the Functional Unit for Women with Schizophrenia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1483. [PMID: 39120186 PMCID: PMC11312130 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gender differences exist in mental and physical health in schizophrenia, and healthcare education is part of the associated clinical approach. The main goal of the present paper is to describe a women's clinic for schizophrenia and carry out a narrative review about innovative healthcare and learning strategies in the context of women who suffer from schizophrenia, and to discuss innovative strategies for both healthcare and learning projects to be applied in this context. Observing the development of our unit, four clear innovation phases can be distinguished: the generation of new ideas (clinical and social needs), strategic planning (five observatories), the execution of these strategies (observatories/teams/interventions) and feedback, iteration and scaling. We found that the observatory for morbi-mortality adopted a retroactive proactive approach, and the observatory for hyperprolactinemia was proactive and deliberate. We describe the innovation aspects, both clinical and educational, as incremental. There was one exception, the introduction of a social exclusion and discrimination observatory, that from our perspective, was not gradual, but transformative. Future learning projects should include the role of social sciences and humanities and new technologies. Our pilot project gave us the opportunity to apply new learning methods to a relatively neglected field of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre González-Rodríguez
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, Fundació Docència i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Mentxu Natividad
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, Fundació Docència i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Bruma Palacios-Hernández
- Perinatal Mental Health Research Laboratory, Center for Transdisciplinary Research in Psychology (CITPsi), Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Cobo
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, 1 Parc Taulí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José A. Monreal
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, Fundació Docència i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (M.N.); (J.A.M.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08221 Terrassa, Spain
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Velez MJ, Marujo HA, Charepe Z, Querido A, Laranjeira C. Well-Being and Dispositional Hope in a Sample of Portuguese Citizens: The Mediating Role of Mental Health. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2101-2115. [PMID: 39056655 PMCID: PMC11275276 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14070140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In our pursuit of a fulfilling and contented life, the study of well-being has emerged as a fundamental field of research. Higher levels of well-being are associated with better mental health outcomes. Individuals with better mental health might possess the personal resources necessary to set and pursue meaningful goals, maintain positive expectations, and overcome adversities. We aim to explore the positive relationship between well-being (hedonic, psychological, and social) and dispositional hope. We suggest that mental health acts as a mediator in this relationship, since improved mental health can create a conducive environment for the development and maintenance of dispositional hope. Data were collected using an e-survey through social media during the last quarter of 2022. The hypothesis of this study was tested using mediation analysis. The sample was composed of 471 participants (85.4% female) with a mean age of 47.72 ± 11.86 years. Participants were mainly workers (88.6%), followed by pensioners (6.8%), university students (2.5%), and unemployed (2.1%). Results revealed that well-being was positively and significantly associated with dispositional hope. Additionally, well-being presented a significant and positive relationship with mental health, which, in turn, also presented a significant and positive relationship with dispositional hope. Finally, using the Hayes process macro for SPSS, we found that mental health mediates the relationship between well-being and dispositional hope. Our findings reinforce the conceptual frameworks that consider well-being and mental health as key contributors to a resilient and optimistic mindset. Interventions that aim to cultivate positive affect, facilitate personal growth, and foster supportive social environments might help improve mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Velez
- Department of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior, ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Helena A. Marujo
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas (CAPP), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Almerindo Lessa, 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Zaida Charepe
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Querido
- School of Health Sciences, Campus 2, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Campus 5, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Rua das Olhalvas, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), NursID, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Campus 2, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Campus 5, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Rua das Olhalvas, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
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Iacono A, Oremus M, Maxwell CJ, Tyas SL. Functional social isolation mediates the association between depression and executive function in older women: findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive cohort. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:661-681. [PMID: 37350151 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2226855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Depression and social isolation increase risk for executive function declines and are among the top five modifiable risk factors for dementia. However, the interrelationships between depression, social isolation and executive function are not well established. Further evidence is needed to inform strategies to promote executive function and independence in older age. We examined whether social isolation mediated the association between depression and executive function in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults and whether this association was modified by age and sex. Adults aged 45 to 85 years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive cohort were followed over three years (complete case analysis, n = 14,133). Baseline depressive symptoms, a history of clinical depression, and functional social isolation (perceived lack of social support) were self-reported. Executive function at follow-up was a composite measure of five cognitive tests. Conditional process analysis assessed the mediating effects of functional social isolation across age group and sex, adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates. Functional social isolation significantly mediated the association of depressive symptoms (proportion mediated [PM] = 8.0%) or clinical depression (PM = 17.5%) with executive function only among women aged 75+ years. Functional social isolation explains a proportion of the total effect of depressive symptoms or clinical depression on executive function in women aged 75 and older. Although reverse causation cannot be ruled out, our findings suggest that interventions that reduce functional social isolation or depression in older women may promote executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Iacono
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Oremus
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen J Maxwell
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Tyas
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Wang Q, Huang X, Liu M, Wang C, Sun Z, Huang C, Tang S. Prevalence and risk factors of depression among elderly people in nursing homes from 2012 to 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38952191 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2367044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine a pooled prevalence of depression and its influencing factors among nursing home residents. METHOD PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies investigating the prevalence and risk factors of late-life depression among nursing home residents between January 2012 and November 2022. Two reviewers independently completed the literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment. A random-effects model was utilized to pool the prevalence of depression and summarize the influencing factors. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 48 studies involving 28,501 participants. The pooled prevalence of depressive mood and major depressive disorder was 53% and 27%, respectively. The rate of depressive mood is higher in lower-middle-income countries (60.0%), compared with high- (53.0%) and upper-middle-income countries (44.0%). The rate of depressive mood (35.0%) is higher among females than male (19.0%). Depression was influenced by factors, including male (OR = 0.28), insufficient income (OR = 3.53), comorbidities (OR = 2.66), pain (OR = 2.67; r = 0.31), functional disability (r = 0.33), loneliness (r = 0.43), number of chronic health problems (r = 0.18), social support (r = -0.28), activities of daily living (r = -0.43), subjective health (r = -0.28), autonomy (r = -0.41), environment (r = -0.50) and physical (r = -0.57) and psychological health (r = -0.65). CONCLUSION The prevalence of depressive mood is high among nursing home residents, especially in lower-middle-income countries. It is influenced by factors including gender, income, social support, daily activities, environment, physical and psychological health and autonomy. Understanding those factors can provide evidence-based recommendations for improved awareness, prevention and better management of late-life depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zaiqing Sun
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chongmei Huang
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Krok-Schoen JL, Nikahd M, Hyer M, Felix AS, Nolan TS, Ridgway-Limle EA, Xu M, Quick AM, Paoletta C, Horn M, Arthur EK. Social determinants of health and depressive symptoms before and after cancer diagnosis. J Women Aging 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38830008 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2024.2357865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite frequent reports of mental health needs among older women with cancer, depressive symptoms often go unrecognized and untreated, particularly in socially vulnerable survivors. Here, we examined associations of sociodemographic factors and social limitations with depressive symptoms from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis in older women diagnosed with breast or gynecological cancer. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (SEER-MHOS) linked dataset, we used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between sociodemographic factors (race, ethnicity, marital status, rurality) and social limitations (i.e., health interfering with social activities) on depressive symptoms in women aged ≥65 years with breast or gynecologic cancer (n = 1,353). Most participants had breast cancer (82.0%), stage I-II cancer (85.8%), received surgery for their cancer (94.8%), and radiation treatment (50.6%). Prior to diagnosis, 11.8% reported depressive symptoms, which nearly doubled to 22.4% at follow-up. Participants were 2.7 times more likely of reporting depressive symptoms after cancer diagnosis compared with pre-cancer diagnosis (95%CI: 2.10-3.48). Race, ethnicity, rurality, marital status, and social interference were significantly associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms after cancer diagnosis than before their cancer diagnosis (p < 0.05). In summary, depressive symptoms increased following a cancer diagnosis. Our results suggest potential avenues for intervention that could lead to reduced depressive symptoms among older female cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Krok-Schoen
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Melica Nikahd
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Madison Hyer
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley S Felix
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Timiya S Nolan
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Menglin Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison M Quick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Camille Paoletta
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marissa Horn
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Arthur
- Nursing Research, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Lian J, Kiely KM, Callaghan BL, Anstey KJ. Childhood adversity is associated with anxiety and depression in older adults: A cumulative risk and latent class analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:181-190. [PMID: 38484890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-lasting influence of childhood adversity on mental health is well documented; however empirical research examining how this association extends into older adults is limited. This study operationalises adversity using cumulative risk and latent class analysis (LCA) models to assess how adversity exposure and typologies may predict anxiety and depression in older adults. METHODS Data came from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project (N = 2551, age 60-66). Participants retrospectively reported their childhood experiences of domestic adversity on a 17-item scale. Mental health was measured using four validated questionnaires of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Linear and generalised additive models (GAM) indicated a dose-response relationship, where a greater number of cumulative adversities were associated with poorer scores on all four mental health measures. LCA identified a four-class solution; with high adversity and high parental dysfunction being associated with poorer mental health outcomes while moderate parental dysfunction and low adversity groups scored at healthy levels. Women reported higher overall anxiety than men, but no notable interactions between ACEs and gender were observed. Patterns revealed by LCA were similar to patterns shown by the cumulative risk model. LIMITATIONS There is a large time gap from childhood to assessment, making our study susceptible to recall bias. Also, our findings were based on cross-sectional data, limiting causal inferences. CONCLUSION Childhood adversity had independent and additive contributions to depression and anxiety in older adulthood, and both cumulative risk and person-centred approaches captured this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lian
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kim M Kiely
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridget L Callaghan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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12
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Gad D, Wells JL, Piechota A, Feeney B, Birditt KS, Marottoli RA, Gaugler JE, Vranceanu AM, Monin JK. Positive affect expression during a play interaction and psychological health among older adults living with cognitive impairment and their adult children. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38795364 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2358096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the extent to which positive affect expression in play interactions between adult children and their parents living with cognitive impairment was associated with lower depressive symptoms and mental health difficulties for both dyad members. Gender differences in positive affect expression were also examined. METHOD Dyads (N = 126) self-reported their depressive symptoms and mental health difficulties. Dyad members later engaged in a video-recorded play interaction together, and their positive affect expression was observationally coded by trained coders in terms of 'enjoyment', 'laughter', and 'positive affect towards partner'. RESULTS Findings from mixed models using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model showed that one's partner's positive affect was associated with one's own lower depressive symptoms. There were no significant actor effects or effects of role (parent vs. child). Results also revealed that women expressed more positive affect and had greater mental health difficulties, but not depressive symptoms. We found that one's partner's positive affect expressions were more associated with women's mental health than men's mental health. CONCLUSION Positive affect expression may be a useful indicator of psychological health in parent-child relationships in which the parent has cognitive impairment. Positive affect may be useful to target in supportive, dyadic, psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Gad
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jenna L Wells
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Piechota
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Brooke Feeney
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kira S Birditt
- The Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Marottoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph E Gaugler
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan K Monin
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Ngune I, Ewens B, Bell S, Burns B, Sutton C, Creswell C, Middlewick Y. Nursing assessment of mental health issues in the general clinical environment: A descriptive study. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38738987 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health screening form for early identification and care escalation of mental health issues in general settings. A secondary aim was to explore general nurses' use of the form and their confidence to discuss mental health issues with patients. METHODS A cross-sectional design comprising a review of clinical records to determine use of the form, instances of missed care and escalation to the mental health team. The survey focused on nurses' confidence in general settings to engage in discussions with patients about mental health. Data were collected from April to December 2022. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement guided this study. RESULTS Of 400 patient records, 397 were analysed; 293 (73.8%) of those had mental health screening by nurses. Age was a significant factor, with younger patients more likely to be screened although concerns were typically recognized in older patients. Of the 20 patients identified with mental health concerns, 9 (45%) were referred for further evaluation by the Clinical Liaison Team. While nurses were proactive in assessing physical risks, assessing risk factors that required deeper conversations with patients, including psychiatric history, was lacking. The survey highlighted fewer than half of the respondents (46%, n = 10) felt competent to engage in discussions about mental health; however, most (59%, n = 13) knew when to seek a mental health referral. CONCLUSIONS General nurses have a role in the early identification and referral of patients with mental health challenges. However, training is imperative to facilitate deeper patient interactions concerning mental health. Integrating mental health checks within general settings is crucial for early detection and intervention, aligning with global quality care standards. REPORTING METHOD STROBE guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION We received feedback that shaped the research protocol from a consumer representative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ngune
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Beverley Ewens
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharlene Bell
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendon Burns
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Claire Sutton
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig Creswell
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yvonne Middlewick
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Kanamori M, Stickley A, Takemura K, Kobayashi Y, Oka M, Ojima T, Kondo K, Kondo N. Community gender norms, mental health, and suicide ideation and attempts among older Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study. Int Psychogeriatr 2024; 36:385-395. [PMID: 37927096 DOI: 10.1017/s104161022300087x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gender norms embedded in communities may restrict opportunities and harm the mental health of older adults, yet this phenomenon has received little attention. This study investigates the connection between older adults' perceptions of community gender norms and mental health and suicide-related outcomes. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING This study analyzed data from the 2019 wave of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. PARTICIPANTS In total, 25,937 participants aged 65 years or older in 61 municipalities. MEASUREMENTS Perceptions of community gender norms were assessed by the respondents' perceptions of the gender-differentiating language used by those around them such as "You should/should not do XXX, because you are a man/woman." RESULTS The prevalence of all mental health outcomes was higher among both men and women who perceived community gender norms as restrictive. These associations remained in fully adjusted multivariable analyses. Prevalence ratios for men were 1.36 [95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.65] for psychological resistance to obtaining help, 1.85 [1.54, 2.23] for depressive symptoms, 1.99 [1.34, 2.96] for suicidal ideation, and 2.15 [1.21, 3.80] for suicide attempts. The corresponding figures for women were 1.39 [1.17, 1.65], 1.80 [1.55, 2.10], 2.13 [1.65, 2.74], 2.62 [1.78, 3.87]. There was a more pronounced association between perceiving community gender norms as restrictive and depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors among those with nonconventional gender role attitudes compared to those with conventional attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Considering the effects of community gender norms, in addition to individual gender role attitudes, may be critical in designing effective public health interventions for improving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kanamori
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for the Future of Human Society, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Mayumi Oka
- Research Center for Medical and Health Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Moriokacho, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Tang J, Zhao Z, Guo R, Niu C, Zhang R, Wang L, Luo N. Preschool children's asthma medication: parental knowledge, attitudes, practices, and adherence. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1292308. [PMID: 38633619 PMCID: PMC11021651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1292308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As parents or legal guardians primarily care for children with asthma, understanding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) barriers to treatment and medication adherence is of essential importance. This study aimed to analyze the KAP toward asthma medication and adherence among preschool-aged asthmatic children's parents and explore the factors influencing adherence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2023 and April 2023. Parents of preschool children with asthma were asked to complete the questionnaire containing knowledge, attitude, practice dimensions, and demographic characteristics. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was used to investigate adherence. Results: A total of 632 valid questionnaires (154 male and 478 female) were included. Parents showed moderate knowledge (9.49 ± 2.86, 63.27%, possible range: 0-15) and moderate attitudes (26.18 ± 2.51, 74.80%, possible range: 7-35) towards asthma medication, while their practices (27.46 ± 5.26, 91.53%, possible range: 6-30) were proactive; however, medication adherence was low (4.84 ± 1.78, total score: 8). The attitude scores (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19, P=0.020), practice scores (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.12-1.21, p < 0.001), and smoking (OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.14-2.37, p = 0.008) were associated with medication adherence. Discussion: Preschool-aged asthmatic children's parents showed moderate knowledge, attitudes, and proactive practice toward asthma medication. Continuous training and education programs should be provided for parents to improve asthma medication management in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rong Guo
- Department of Respiratory, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, China
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16
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Martínez-Caballero MÁ, Calpe-López C, García-Pardo MP, Arenas MC, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Bayona-Babiloni R, Aguilar MA. Behavioural traits related with resilience or vulnerability to the development of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference after exposure of female mice to vicarious social defeat. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110912. [PMID: 38097163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stress induced by intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases vulnerability to the development of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) among male mice; however, some defeated mice are resilient to these effects of stress. In the present study we evaluated the effects of vicarious IRSD (VIRSD) in female mice and explored behavioural traits that are potentially predictive of resilience. C57BL/6 female mice (n = 28) were exposed to VIRSD, which consisted of the animals witnessing a short experience of social defeat by a male mouse on postnatal day (PND) 47, 50, 53 and 56. The control group (n = 10) was not exposed to stress. Blood samples were collected on PND 47 and 56 for corticosterone and interleukin-6 determinations. On PND 57-58, female mice performed several behavioural tests (elevated plus maze, hole-board, object recognition, social interaction, TST and splash tests). Three weeks later, the effects of cocaine (1.5 mg/kg) on the CPP paradigm were assessed. VIRSD decreased corticosterone levels (on PND 56), increased interleukin-6 levels, enhanced novelty-seeking, improved recognition memory and induced anxiety- and depression-like symptoms. Control and VIRSD female mice did not acquire CPP, although some stressed individuals with certain behavioural traits - including a high novelty-seeking profile or the development of depression-like behaviour in the splash test shortly after VIRSD - acquired cocaine CPP. Our results confirm that some behavioural traits of female mice are associated with vulnerability or resilience to the long-term effects of social stress on cocaine reward, as previously observed in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ángeles Martínez-Caballero
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Calpe-López
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar García-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | | | | | - Raquel Bayona-Babiloni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Asunción Aguilar
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Zhou K, Zhu X, Yang L, Gao Z, Wei X, Kuang J, Xu M. Latent class analysis of symptoms of depression and anxiety among older women. J Women Aging 2024; 36:93-106. [PMID: 37556738 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2023.2243799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aims to consider the potential classification of depression and anxiety symptoms among older women, and identify the influencing factors of this classification. METHODS This study examines Chinese women aged 65 years and older. Latent class analysis was used to explore the mental health subgroups of older women, and multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the influencing factors based on the health ecological model among these subgroups. RESULTS The results helped classify this population under three subgroups: the coexistence of depression and anxiety group, dominated depression group, and the low symptoms group. Moreover, class differences in terms of age, residence, education, income, assessment of current life and health status, sleep duration, and health behaviors, such as alcohol use and exercise were noted. CONCLUSIONS These findings explain the heterogeneity among older women, and help illuminate their unique aspects of mental health. Accordingly, they are significant for scholars and policymakers to understand depression and anxiety among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhou
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinke Kuang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengfan Xu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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18
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Ma T, Chen M, Cheng X, Bai Y. Assessment of Bidirectional Relationships between Frailty and Mental Disorders: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:506-513.e29. [PMID: 37979598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although observational studies have reported the association between frailty and mental disorders, the causality remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the bidirectional causal association between frailty levels and mental disorders using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. DESIGN A bidirectional, 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Instrumental variables were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a European-descent population for frailty index (FI, n = 175,226), Fried Frailty Score (FFS, n = 386,565), major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 674,452), bipolar disorder (n = 353,899), anxiety and stress-related disorder (ASRD, n = 31,880), and schizophrenia (n = 127,906). METHODS Two-sample MR analyses were conducted using inverse variance-weighted method, with sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger, weighted median, and simple median methods. RESULTS Per SD increase in genetically predicted FI and FFS increased the risk of MDD [odds ratio (OR) 1.56, 95% CI 1.27-1.94, P = 3.65 × 10-5, and OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.26-2.20, P = 3.02 × 10-4, respectively]. Per-SD increase in genetically predicted FI also increased the risk of ASRD (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.36-5.60, P = .005). No significant effect was observed for frailty levels on the risk of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. In the reverse direction, genetically predicted MDD was associated with higher FI (β 0.182, 95% CI 0.087-0.277, P = 1.79 × 10-4) and FFS (β 0.121, 95% CI 0.087-0.155, P = 4.43 × 10-12). No reliable evidence supported the effects of genetically predicted bipolar disorder, ASRD, or schizophrenia on frailty levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A bidirectionally causal association exists between frailty levels and MDD, and higher FI is associated with a higher risk of ASRD. No reliable evidence suggested the causal associations of other mental disorders with frailty. Our findings provided evidence for introduction of psychological-related strategies in management of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Geriatric Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Geriatric Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xunjie Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Geriatric Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Geriatric Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Li AKC, Nowrouzi-Kia B. Relationships between employment status with self-perceived mental and physical health in Canada. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:236-257. [PMID: 38617416 PMCID: PMC11007413 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The annual cost of mental illnesses in Canada is estimated to be $50 billion. Research from other countries have suggested that employment status is associated with mental and physical health. Within the Canadian context, there is a dearth of research on the relationship between employment and mental health. Objective To explore the relationships between age, gender, income, and employment status on mental and physical health. Methods The 2021 Canadian Digital Health Survey dataset was used for this study. Data records, which included responses for the questions on age, gender, income, employment status, mental, and physical health, were used in the analysis. Ordinal logistics regression was applied to investigate the associations that may exist between mental and physical health with the various sociodemographic factors. Descriptive statistics were also provided for the data. Results The total sample size included in the analysis was 10,630. When compared to respondents who had full-time employment, those who were unemployed were more likely to have lower self-perceived mental health (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.55-2.34). Retired respondents were less likely to have worse mental health than respondents who were employed full-time (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68-0.90). Self-perceived physical health was more likely to be lower for those who were unemployed (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.41-2.14) or retired (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.48) when compared to respondents employed full-time. The likelihood of worsening mental and physical health was also found to be associated with age, gender, and income. Conclusion Our findings support the evidence that different factors contribute to worsening mental and physical health. Full-time employment may confer some protective effects or attributes leading to an increased likelihood of having improved mental health compared to those who are unemployed. Understanding the complex relationships on how various factors impact mental health will help better inform policymakers, clinicians, and other stakeholders on how to allocate its limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Kwok Choi Li
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Suite 425, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M6
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
- ReSTORE Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1V7
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- ReSTORE Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1V7
- Krembil Research Institute-University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 0S8
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada P3E 2C
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20
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Yeboah Asiamah-Asare BK, Peprah P, Adu C, Ahinkorah BO, Addo IY. Associations of nuptiality perceptions, financial difficulties, and socio-demographic factors with mental health status in Australian adults: Analysis of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296941. [PMID: 38354107 PMCID: PMC10866460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association of nuptial/relationship factors, financial difficulties, and socio-demographic factors with the mental health status of Australian adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional quantitative study design. SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey wave 19, 6846 adults were included in the analysis. Mental health was measured using the mental component summary (MCS) subscale of the Short-Form Health Survey SF-36. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used to examine the predictors of mental health status. RESULTS Overall, 7.1% of the participants reported poor mental health status. Individual financial difficulty factors explained 3.2% (p<0.001) of the variance in mental health scores. In addition, financial difficulties were negatively associated with mental health status. Nuptiality and relationship factors accounted for 9.8% (p<0.001) of the variance in mental health status. CONCLUSION The study suggests negative marital or relationship perceptions and financial difficulties are significant factors accounting for poor mental health. This finding suggests the need for more policy attention toward the social determinants of poor mental health especially nuptiality or relationship perceptions which have received less policy and research attention in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah Asiamah-Asare
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Centre for Social Research in Health; UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health; UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Rochoy M, Pontais I, Caserio-Schönemann C, Chan-Chee C, Gainet L, Gobert Y, Baran J, Dodin V, Defebvre L, Collins C, Chazard E, Berkhout C, Balayé P. Pattern of encounters to emergency departments for suicidal attempts in France: Identification of high-risk days, months and holiday periods. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(24)00008-3. [PMID: 38316568 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seasonal change in patterns of suicidal attempts is not well known in France and may differ from other western countries. We aimed to determine the peak times (days, months and holiday periods) of suicidal attempts in France. METHODS We carried out a multicentre retrospective epidemiological study, using data from the Organization for Coordinated Monitoring of Emergencies (OSCOUR®) network. We aggregated daily data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Variations in suicidal attempts on specific days were investigated by comparing their frequencies (ad hoc Z-scores). RESULTS 114,805,488 ED encounters were recorded including 233,242 ED encounters regarding suicidal attempts. Men accounted for 45.7%. A significantly higher frequency of ED encounters for suicidal acts were found on Sundays in the months of May-June for both sexes and on New Year's Day for all genders and age groups. An increased risk was also noted on July 14th (National Day) and June 22nd (Summer Solstice). A protective effect was noted on the day after Valentine's Day, on Christmas Day and Christmas time (in particular December 24 and 26). CONCLUSION Sundays, June, New Year's Day were at increased risk of suicidal attempts in France requiring a strengthening of prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Rochoy
- University Lille, Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, 59000 Lille, France; University Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Pontais
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Data science Division, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Céline Caserio-Schönemann
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Data science Division, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Christine Chan-Chee
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Data science Division, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Luce Gainet
- University Lille, Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yann Gobert
- University Lille, Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jan Baran
- University Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Dodin
- GHICL, Service de psychiatrie, Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- University Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, UMR-S1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Movement Disorders Department, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Collins
- Research Department, Irish College of General Practitioners, 4-5 Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emmanuel Chazard
- University Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Berkhout
- University Lille, Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, 59000 Lille, France; University of Antwerp, Department of primary and interprofessional care, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Balayé
- University Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, 59000 Lille, France
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22
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Zhang X, Wang S, Zhao R, Zhao N, Tao S, Zhang H, Wu B, Xia X, Fan H. Analysis of factors associated with family disease burden and correlation with social support among family caregivers of patients with severe mental illnesses. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:218-226. [PMID: 37947263 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers are responsible for the home care of family members with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and their lives are often subject to changes that can create stress and burden. The purpose of this study was to explore the current state of family disease burden and its correlation with social support among family caregivers of SMIs patients. METHODS Using a random sampling method, a total of 1,108 family caregivers of SMIs patients in community health service centers were selected. A general information questionnaire of family caregivers and patients, the Family Disease Burden Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale were used. RESULTS The score of the Family Disease Burden Scale of 1108 family caregivers was 16.57 ± 10.65. Family disease burden was negatively correlated with social support (p < .05). The main influencing factors of family disease burden were average annual family income, duration of illness, distance to medical care, risk of unpredictable behavior, social support, caregiver-patient relationship, gender, and comorbid chronic conditions (p < .05). CONCLUSION Family caregivers of SMIs patients have a relatively low level of caregiver-perceived social support. Interventions to enhance perceived social support could help maintain the health of family caregivers and improve the quality of family care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhao
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Shilong Tao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangning District, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangning District, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Baiqun Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangning District, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Xia
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangning District, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Fan
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, P.R. China
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Prieto L. Exploring the Influence of Social Class and Sex on Self-Reported Health: Insights from a Representative Population-Based Study. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 38398693 PMCID: PMC10890034 DOI: 10.3390/life14020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the intricate interplay between social class, sex, and self-reported health (SRH) using data from the European Health Survey of Spain 2020 (EESE2020). Employing a cross-sectional design and a representative sample of 22,072 individuals, the analysis explores the persistence of disparities after adjusting for covariates, focusing on health-related variables. The study employs logistic regression models and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to delineate the direct effects of social class and sex on SRH, identifying a minimum adjustment set to control for confounding variables. Results reveal a gradient effect of social class on SRH, emphasizing the enduring impact of socioeconomic factors. Sex-based disparities in SRH diminish after considering additional health-related variables, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach. DAGs serve as transparent tools in disentangling complex relationships, guiding the identification of essential covariates. The study concludes that addressing health inequalities requires comprehensive strategies considering both individual health behaviours and socio-economic contexts. While recognizing limitations, such as the cross-sectional design, the findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of health disparities, informing evidence-based interventions and policies for a more equitable healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Prieto
- Distance Learning, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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24
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Agyekum MW, Afrifa-Anane GF, Kyei-Arthur F. Prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults, Ghana: evidence from the Ghana 2021 Population and Housing Census. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38212686 PMCID: PMC10785330 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are studies on disabilities in older persons, most of these studies have been carried out in developed countries. Hence, there are limited studies on disability in older adults in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. The few studies that have examined the prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults used survey data for their analyses. To contribute to addressing this knowledge gap that has arisen, this study used a national census, the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census, to examine the prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults in Ghana. METHODS The 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census data was used for this study. A sample size of 197,057 Ghanaians aged 60 years and above was used for this study. The Washington Group questions on disability were used to measure disability by asking older adults about their difficulties in performing the six domains of disability (physical, sight, intellectual, hearing, self-care, and speech). A multinomial logistic regression housed in STATA was used to analyse the correlates of disability in older adults in Ghana. A p-value less than 0.05 was used for statistical significance. RESULTS The results show that slightly more than one-third (38.4%) of the older adults were disabled. In terms of the number of disabilities in older adults, 16.9% had one disability condition, while 2.4% had six disability conditions. Also, 9.4% had two disability conditions. Older adults who were females, aged 70-79 years and 80 years and above, resided in rural areas, with primary, JHS/Middle, SHS, unaffiliated with religion, ever married and never married, unemployed, and belonged to the middle and rich households were more likely to have a disability condition. Also, older adults residing in the Middle and Northern zones, having no health insurance, and using clean cooking fuel were less likely to have a disability condition. CONCLUSIONS The results show that socio-demographic and household factors were associated with disability in older adults in Ghana. Hence, policymakers and researchers should target these factors when designing appropriate policies, programmes, and interventions to improve the wellbeing of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiredu Agyekum
- Institute for Educational Research and Innovation Studies, University of Education Winneba, Winneba, Ghana.
| | - Grace Frempong Afrifa-Anane
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Frank Kyei-Arthur
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
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25
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Luo H, Zhang X, Su S, Zhang M, Yin M, Feng S, Peng R, Li H. Using structural equation modeling to explore the influences of physical activity, mental health, well-being, and loneliness on Douyin usage at bedtime. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1306206. [PMID: 38249365 PMCID: PMC10796731 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1306206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Douyin is the Chinese version of TikTok. Using Douyin at bedtime is a very common behavior among Douyin users. However, the reasons why users like using Douyin before sleep are yet unclear. We conducted a cross-section survey from January 1st to January 16th, 2023 to capture data to examine the associations of depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, well-being, loneliness, and physical activity with Douyin usage at bedtime. The mediation role of insomnia in these associations was examined. A total of 3,392 participants who met the inclusion criteria were included for analysis. Our structural equation modeling analysis showed that depression on (β = 0.08; p < 0.05), anxiety (β = 0.06; p < 0.05), and loneliness (β = 0.14; p < 0.05) were directly associated with increased Douyin usage at bedtime, and were also indirectly associated with Douyin usage through insomnia (depression: β = 0.18; p < 0.05, anxiety: β = 0.16; p < 0.05, and loneliness: β = 0.12; p < 0.05). Life satisfaction (β = -0.05; p < 0.05) and well-being (β = -0.20; p < 0.05) were directly associated with decreased Douyin usage at bedtime, and were also indirectly associated with Douyin usage through insomnia (life satisfaction: β = -0.09; p < 0.05, and well-being: β = -0.11; p < 0.05). However, physical activity was unexpectedly associated with increased Douyin usage at bedtime (β = 0.20; p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings shed new light on the specific reasons why Douyin users like using Douyin at bedtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Luo
- School of Physical Education, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Songpeng Su
- School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Digitalized Strength and Conditioning Training Laboratory, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rui Peng
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hansen Li
- Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Bray I, Lerigo-Sampson M, Morey Y, Williams J. Mental health of social media influencers. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae045. [PMID: 39141839 PMCID: PMC11378304 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a wide body of research on the effects of social media use on mental health, particularly focusing on young people. However, very little is known about the mental health of social media influencers (SMIs), who also tend to be quite young. This is of growing significance as more of our daily lives is conducted online, and in the context of poor population mental health globally, which declined further as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We therefore set out to review the mental health of SMIs and, in the absence of literature on SMIs, drew on other similar but more traditional occupational groups, such as the self-employed, to draw conclusions and identify directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bray
- School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Moya Lerigo-Sampson
- Bristol Business School, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Yvette Morey
- Bristol Business School, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Joanne Williams
- School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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27
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Kulik L. Sources of empowerment and mental health among retired men and women: An ecological perspective. J Women Aging 2024; 36:14-32. [PMID: 37310726 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2023.2222638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The overarching goal of the present study was to examine the contribution of various sources of empowerment to mental health during retirement with an added emphasis on gender differences. The empowerment sources that were examined corresponded with three distinct ecological systems: (1) Chronosystem-resource gains from the pre- to post-retirement period and satisfaction with the prior working period; (2) Microsystem-marital power dynamics (measured by the division of household labor and decision-making in the marital relationship) and the presence of a confidant; (3) Ontogenetic system-a sense of meaning in one's life during the retirement period and an assessment of absolute resources. METHOD The research sample consisted of 160 Israeli retirees (78 women and 82 men) who had retired within the previous eight years. Data were collected by the Panels Research Institute in Israel using the institute's database of members. Participants completed an online questionnaire accessible via a website link. Statistical processing was performed using ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that retirees' reports of resource gains after retirement, their sense of meaning in life, their satisfaction with their working period prior to retirement, and their perceived level of absolute resources were all associated with mental health. Additionally, the more participants (both men and women) rated that the husband was involved in household labor, the better retirees reported their mental health to be. Gender differences were found in regard to some empowerment sources during retirement: retired women reported lower levels of mental health and prior work satisfaction compared to retired men, and men's assessments of their participation in household labor and decision-making were higher than women's assessments of their husbands' involvement. The proportion of men who reported that their wives were their confidants was higher than the proportion of women who reported that their husbands were their confidants. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, men experienced more sources of empowerment than women during retirement, but findings suggest that men's emotional dependence on their wives is greater than women's emotional dependence on their husbands. Based on the study's findings, recommendations are offered to professionals who work with retirees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Kulik
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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28
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Fomicheva E, Jyrgalbek J, Mikhaylova O. What explains trust in online mental health therapy provision platforms? An online descriptive survey. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241272616. [PMID: 39130525 PMCID: PMC11311150 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241272616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is an increased interest in providing mental health care through digital devices and services, and the demand for these services is growing. Objective In this study, we considered the phenomenon of trust in online consultations, and the factors affecting this trust, within a Russian context. Methods An online survey was conducted using Google Forms in May 2023 and the data were analyzed using SPSS. All the participants were students from Moscow universities aged from 18 to 35 years. The final sample consisted of 203 students, of which 154 (75.9%) were women, 44 (21.7%) were men, and five (2.5%) preferred not to specify their gender. Results We found that students had a high level of trust, which depended on personal factors, such as experience, socio-economic status, and age, and contextual factors, such as geographical and temporal independence, price of the session, availability of recommendations, popularity of the platform, and the level of technical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin Jyrgalbek
- Department of Social Sciences, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana Mikhaylova
- Department of Social Sciences, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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29
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Tang Y, Su H, Nie K, Wang H, Gao Y, Chen S, Lu F, Dong H. Berberine exerts antidepressant effects in vivo and in vitro through the PI3K/AKT/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116012. [PMID: 38113631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, a global neuropsychiatric disorder, brings a serious burden to patients and society as its incidence continues to rise. Berberine is one of the main compounds of a variety of Chinese herbal medicines and has been shown to have multiple pharmacological effects. However, whether berberine can exert antidepressant effects in vivo and in vitro and its related mechanisms remain to be explored. METHODS The chronic restraint stress (CRS) method and corticosterone (CORT) were applied to simulate depression-like behavior in vivo and neuronal apoptosis in vitro, respectively. The antidepressant effects of berberine were evaluated by behavioral tests and changes in the content of monoamine neurotransmitters. Inflammatory cytokines were detected and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression (or phosphorylation) levels of biomarkers of the PI3K/AKT/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. RESULTS Behavioral tests and levels of neurotransmitters proved that berberine could effectively ameliorate depression-like symptoms in CRS mice. Meanwhile, the results of ELISA and immunofluorescence staining showed that berberine could alleviate inflammatory status and reduce cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the changes of the PI3K/AKT/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway induced by CRS or CORT in mouse hippocampus or HT-22 cells were significantly reversed by berberine. CONCLUSION Our current study suggested that berberine could exert antidepressant effects in vitro and in vivo, which may be associated with the PI3K/AKT/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Hertling S, Kaiser M, Schleußner E, Loos FM, Eckhardt N, Graul I. Gender gap-Gender-specific development in the field of obstetrics and gynecology in Germany in the last 20 years. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1207388. [PMID: 38155660 PMCID: PMC10754044 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1207388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gender Gap refers to differences between men and women in terms of access to medical education, career development, and leadership positions in medical practice and research. Although women now make up most medical school graduates in many countries, they are often underrepresented in higher positions. Objective The aim of this study is therefore to analyze the gender-specific development in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Germany over the past 20 years and to survey the current status quo. Materials and methods An narrative review was carried out on the development of female graduates of human medicine, the proportion of women in contract medical care and clinical care, as well as the gender-specific evaluation of obtaining a gynecological/obstetric additional qualification. habilitation figures in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology were evaluated about gender distribution. All data were received from federal institutes. Results A total of 46.7% (n = 95,234) of all inpatient doctors were female. A total of 46.7% (n = 95,234) of the physicians in hospitals were female. A total of 46% (1,832/3,958) were the portion of females as assistant physicians, 39.8% (n = 45.551) as specialists, 35.3% (n = 18789) as senior physicians, 25.1% (n = 2394) as first senior physicians and 25% (n = 10) as chief physicians in hospital. A total of 64.6% (n = 3958) of the physicians in Obstetrics and Gynecology were female. A total of 46% (1,832/3,958) were the portion of females as assistant physicians, 64.6% (n = 3958) as specialists, 65.0% (n = 1919) as senior physicians, 26.4% (n = 207) first senior physicians and 25% (n = 10) as chief physicians in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Discussion The problem with the gender gap in medicine, does not seem to be access to teaching or starting a residency. But in the functions with increasing responsibility and management functions, e.g., as senior physicians, women are already rarely seen. In Obstetrics and Gynecology, too, there is a shortage of women in leading positions, despite the relatively high numbers, for example as senior physicians. Factors like maternity and establishing a family are points mentioned therefore, but also stereotypes seem to be considerable facts. Conclusion However, it is important to recognize the need for more women in higher positions in medicine and actively work to encourage more women to choose a career in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hertling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic, Campus Eisenberg, University Hospital Jena, Eisenberg, Germany
| | | | - Ekkehard Schleußner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Eckhardt
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabel Graul
- Department of Orthopedic, Campus Eisenberg, University Hospital Jena, Eisenberg, Germany
- Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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31
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Li Y, Kawasaki H, Yamasaki S, Nakaoka S, Shiraishi M, Cui Z. Examining corporate support issues with health literacy as a key factor: The Case of a Hiroshima corporation. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3380-3386. [PMID: 38361877 PMCID: PMC10866245 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1219_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Given the dramatic decline in Japan's labor force, promoting women's participation in the workforce is essential. Aims We aimed to take a Hiroshima company as an example and analyze the influencing factors of health literacy (HL) to clarify the issues of the active participation of female employees. Methods and Materials From February to March 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted by a company in Hiroshima prefecture that contained many male employees. A total of 1,114 valid respondents were received. Employees' demographics, menstrual-related concerns, women's activity promotion support, and HL were investigated in this study. Statistical Analysis Used The Chi-square test and logistic regression using SPSS statistical software version 25 were used. Results There were significant differences between high and low HL with age, women's menstrual problems, and women's activity promotion support. The participants who were unaware of women's menstrual-related problems and their company's implementation of women's activity promotion support were more likely to have high HL. In addition, female employees (including female management) and male management have significantly different cognitions about women's activity promotion support. Conclusions This study found that overall HL among employees in male-dominated companies is low, even among participants who were aware of women's menstruation-related health issues and the company's women's activity promotion support. Increased women's representation in management can bridge policy perception gaps. Male-dominated companies should enhance HL via career programs, health education, and improved communication for active female engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kawasaki
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamasaki
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sae Nakaoka
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misa Shiraishi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Zhengai Cui
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Hugh-Jones S, Wilding A, Munford L, Sutton M. Age-gender differences in the relationships between physical and mental health. Soc Sci Med 2023; 339:116347. [PMID: 37951054 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified that smoking, exercise and breadth of social interaction mediate the strong associations between physical and mental health. However, these studies have been restricted to older populations, have not explored differences by gender, and have not considered online social interaction. We explore how the effects of four mediators (exercise, smoking, in-person and online social interaction) of the two-way relationships between past and future physical and mental health vary across eight age and gender groups. We use data from a representative sample of the UK population consisting of 175,779 observations on 41,995 adults from Understanding Society (UKHLS) between 2009 and 2019. Within a mediation framework, we estimate the percentage of the total effects that can be explained by the proposed mediating factors. We show that exercise, smoking, in-person and online social interaction are significant mediators of the effect of mental health on future physical health. In-person social interaction is the largest of these, accounting for 2.3% of the total effect. Smoking, in-person and online interaction are significant mediators of the effect of physical health on future mental health. Again, in-person interaction is the largest of these, accounting for 3.0% of the total effect. The percentages of the total effects mediated by each factor differ substantially by age and gender. Seeking to avoid the harmful effects of poor physical health on future mental health should focus on increasing physical activity in older men, and on increasing in-person social interaction in both men and women. Seeking to avoid the harmful effects of poor mental health on future physical health should focus on increasing physical activity and in-person social interaction in older men and women, and on reducing smoking in younger men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hugh-Jones
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Anna Wilding
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Luke Munford
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Matt Sutton
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Almeida OP. Prevalence of mental disorders among older Australians: Contrasting evidence from the 2020-2021 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing among men and women and the Health In Men Data Linkage Study. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:818-823. [PMID: 37496324 PMCID: PMC11184904 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231191692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of common mental disorders among older Australians included in the Health In Men Data Linkage Study and compare those with the results of the 2020-2021 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHW). METHOD We used longitudinal record linkage to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders from age 65 years in a random sample of 38173 Australian men aged 65-85 years living in the Perth metropolitan region. Outcome was the proportion of participants affected by depressive episodes or dysthymia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, psychotic disorder and alcohol use disorder. RESULTS Prevalence estimates for participants aged 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84 and ≥85 years were 0.9%, 2.0%, 3.6%, 5.8% and 12.6% for depressive, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.7% for bipolar, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.3%, 2.2%, 6.9% for anxiety, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.6% for psychotic and 1.2%, 1.7%, 2.1%, 2.2% and 4.2% for alcohol use disorders. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the NSMHW, our data indicate that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders increases with age, particularly among the older old. We conclude that the NSMHW should not be relied upon to guide planning or policies to address the mental health needs of older Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo P. Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; and WA Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Urbaniak A, Walsh K, Batista LG, Kafková MP, Sheridan C, Serrat R, Rothe F. Life-course transitions and exclusion from social relations in the lives of older men and women. J Aging Stud 2023; 67:101188. [PMID: 38012947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest across European contexts in promoting active social lives in older age, and counteracting pathways and outcomes related to social isolation and loneliness for men and women in later life. This is evidenced within national and European level policy, including the 2021 Green Paper on Ageing and its concern with understanding how risks can accrue for European ageing populations in the relational sphere. Research indicates that life-course transitions can function as a source of these risks, leading to a range of potentially exclusionary impacts for the social relations of older men and women. Findings presented in this paper are drawn from the qualitative component of a larger European mixed-methods study on exclusion from social relations (GENPATH: A life course perspective on the GENdered PATHways of social exclusion in later life, and its consequences for health and well-being). We use data from 119 in-depth interviews from four jurisdictions: Austria, Czechia, Ireland and Spain. This research employed an approach that focused on capturing lived experienced insights related to relational change across the life course, the implications of these changes for multifaceted forms of exclusion from social relations and the role of gender in patterning these changes and implications. We focused on transitions that commonly emerged across those jurisdictions for older people: onset of ill-health, bereavement, retirement and relocation. We found that these transitions translate into multidimensional experiences of exclusion from social relations in the lives of older men and women by constraining their social networks, support networks, social opportunities and intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Urbaniak
- University of Vienna, Sociology Department, Rooseveltplatz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, ul. Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kieran Walsh
- National University of Ireland, Galway, NUI Galway, Irish Centre for Social Gerontology, Institute for Lifecourse & Society, Corrib Village, Ireland.
| | - Lucie Galčanová Batista
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Social Studies, Office for Population Studies, Dpt. of Sociology, Jostova 10, 60200 Brno, Czechia.
| | - Marcela Petrová Kafková
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Social Studies: Brno, Czechia, Joštova 218, 602 00 Brno-střed, Czechia.
| | - Celia Sheridan
- National University of Ireland, Galway, NUI Galway, Irish Centre for Social Gerontology, Institute for Lifecourse & Society, Corrib Village, Ireland.
| | - Rodrigo Serrat
- University of Barcelona, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Franziska Rothe
- NOVA Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway.
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Langmann E, Weßel M. Leaving no one behind: successful ageing at the intersection of ageism and ableism. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2023; 18:22. [PMID: 38001533 PMCID: PMC10668457 DOI: 10.1186/s13010-023-00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of 'successful ageing' has been a prominent focus within the field of gerontology for several decades. However, despite the widespread attention paid to this concept, its intersectional implications have not been fully explored yet. This paper aims to address this gap by analyzing the potential ageist and ableist biases in the discourse of successful ageing through an intersectional lens. METHOD A critical feminist perspective is taken to examine the sensitivity of the discourse of successful ageing to diversity in societies. The paper analyzes how ageist and ableist biases can manifest in the ways we conceptualize ageing, drawing on examples in the context of mental health. RESULTS We argue that the conventional approach to successful ageing is limited in its ability to account for the experiences of people who have faced intersectional discrimination throughout their lives. Drawing on examples in the context of mental health, we explore among others the link between depression and disabilities. Furthermore, we shed light on the negative impact of ageist and ableist attitudes concerning the diagnosis and treatment of dementia. DISCUSSION We demonstrate how diversity is often overlooked in discussions of ageing well, and how ageist and ableist biases can manifest in the ways we conceptualize ageing. We argue that focusing solely on the health status as a means of achieving success fails to adequately counter ageism for all people. We further emphasize the role of structural factors, such as ageist attitudes, in shaping the experience of ageing and exacerbating health inequalities. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings emphasize the need for a more nuanced and inclusive understanding of ageing and therefore an intersectional approach to conceptions of ageing well that recognizes and addresses the biases and limitations of current discourses. Thereby, this paper offers valuable insights into the complex intersections between age and disabilities from a bioethical perspective, highlighting the need for a more inclusive and intersectional approach to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Langmann
- Institute of Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gartenstraße 47, Tübingen, 72074, Germany.
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Eide LSP, Fridlund B, Hufthammer KO, Haaverstad R, Packer EJS, Ranhoff AH, Thompson DR, Norekvål TM. Anxiety and depression in patients aged 80 years and older following aortic valve therapy. A six-month follow-up study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2463-2470. [PMID: 37648928 PMCID: PMC10628009 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about mental health following advanced cardiac procedures in the oldest patients. AIMS To study changes in anxiety and depression from baseline to one- and six-month follow-up in older patients following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). METHODS Prospective cohort study of patients ≥ 80 years undergoing elective TAVI or SAVR in a tertiary university hospital. Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Differences between TAVI/SAVR were analyzed using Welch's t test or chi-squared. Changes over time and group differences were established with longitudinal models using generalized least squares. RESULTS In 143 patients (83.5 ± 2.7 years), 46% (n = 65) received TAVI. Anxiety was identified in 11% of TAVI patients at baseline. One- and six-months later, percentages were 8% and 9%. In SAVR patients, 18% had baseline scores indicating anxiety. One and six-months later, percentages were 11% and 9%. Depression was identified in 15% of TAVI patients. One- and six-months later, percentages were 11% and 17%. At baseline, 11% of SAVR patients had scores indicating depression. One- and six-months after SAVR, percentages were 15% and 12%. Longitudinal analyses showed reductions (P < 0.001) in anxiety from baseline to one-month, and stable scores between one- and six-months for both treatment groups. There was no change over time for depression among treatment groups (P = 0.21). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SAVR or TAVI in patients ≥ 80 years was associated with anxiety reduction between baseline and follow-up. For depression, there was no evidence of change over time in either treatment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S P Eide
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, Post Box 7030, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bengt Fridlund
- Centre of Interprofessional Cooperation within Emergency Care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rune Haaverstad
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik J S Packer
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette H Ranhoff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Kavli Research Center for Geriatrics and Dementia, Haraldsplass Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tone M Norekvål
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, Post Box 7030, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Zhang W, Jiang F, Zhu Y, Zhang Q. Risks of passive use of social network sites in youth athletes: a moderated mediation analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1219190. [PMID: 37965659 PMCID: PMC10641791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the popularity of social media platforms, the use of social networks challenges the well-being and mental health of athletes. Motivation Despite ongoing scholarly discussions about the effects of passive use of social network sites, few studies have examined the relationship between the passive use of social network sites and mental health in young athletes from a social comparison perspective. Hypothesis To address this research gap, we draw on the social comparison and developmental systems theories to explore the mediating effect of upward social comparison on passive social network site use and mental health, as well as the moderating effects of positive psychological capital. Methods We analyzed data about 350 young athletes from professional Chinese sports universities. Results As predicted, passive use of social network sites by young athletes increased anxiety (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and decreased subjective well-being (β = -0.35, p < 0.001). Upward social comparisons had positive (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) and negative (β = -0.34, p < 0.001) mediating effects in passive social network site use and anxiety/subjective well-being. Positive psychological capital played a moderating effect between upward social comparison and anxiety (β = -0.28, p < 0.001), and subjective well-being (β = 0.24, p < 0.001); the moderated mediation effect was also supported. Conclusion Our study informs the current research by highlighting the importance of upward social comparison as a critical mechanism and positive psychological capital as a boundary condition. We suggest actively maintaining and enhancing positive psychological capital to mitigate the adverse effects of upward social comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhang
- School of Sports Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Business Administration, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanjiao Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Sports, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou, China
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Maricic J, Bjelic S, Jelic K. The Role of Self-Compassion and Attributions in the Mental Health of Older Adolescents amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6981. [PMID: 37947539 PMCID: PMC10648687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship among self-compassion, attributional styles, and mental health and their components in older adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of each component of self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) and attributions (globality, stability, self-worth, and negative consequences) in predicting mental health was also analyzed. There were 322 participants aged 18 to 22 that participated in an online survey. The participants filled out a form that consisted of sociodemographic questions, COVID-19-related questions, the Self-Compassion Scale, the Mental Health Continuum-short form-and the Cognitive Styles Questionnaire-very short form. The results indicated moderate levels of self-compassion, attributions, and mental health in participants. Furthermore, gender differences in self-compassion were confirmed, meaning that male participants had higher total levels of self-compassion, and certain differences were observed on attribution subscales, but not on well-being subscales. Self-compassion and mental health were found to be positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with negative attributions. Of the four attributional components, stability and negative consequences were revealed to be significant negative predictors in the first step but lost their significance with the inclusion of self-compassion components in the second step of the analysis. Regarding the six components of self-compassion, self-kindness, recoded isolation, and common humanity were significant positive predictors in the second step of the analysis. COVID-19-related items did not show any significant intergroup differences. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between positive mental health, self-compassion, and attributions in older adolescents so that they can be used as theoretical support for related interventions, especially during and after times of crisis, such as a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Maricic
- Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (K.J.)
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Feng F, Chen Q, Zheng C, Zhang H. Intercultural adaptation and influencing factors analysis of the Chinese version of the anxiety scale for the older adults in a long-term care population. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1270284. [PMID: 37920589 PMCID: PMC10619850 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to translate the Geriatric Anxiety Scale-Long-Term Care into Chinese and to assess its reliability and validity in a long-term care population, as well as to explore factors contributing to anxiety in older adults requiring long-term care. Methods The study recruited 399 older adults residents requiring long-term care and used the Brislin double translation-back-translation method to create the initial Chinese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale-Long-Term Care. The study used internal consistency and split-half reliability to assess the reliability of the scale, as well as exploratory factor analysis, validation factor analysis, and content validity to assess the validity of the scale. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the independent variables and anxiety levels in the long-term care population. Results The Cronbach's coefficient value of the Chinese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale-Long-Term Care was 0.81, and the split-half reliability was 0.80. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed support for a one-dimensional factor structure. The results of the validation factor analysis indicated a good fit for the one-factor model. Gender (β = 0.190, 95% CI:0.540 ~ 1.546, p < 0.001), self-rated health (β = 0.220, 95% CI:0.379 ~ 0.953, p < 0.001), life satisfaction (β = -0.315, 95% CI: -1.355 ~ -0.734, p < 0.001) and participation in activities (β = -0.106, 95% CI: -1.122 ~ -0.084, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of anxiety levels in the long-term care population. Conclusion The Chinese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale-Long-Term Care has good reliability and validity in the long-term care population. The Geriatric Anxiety Scale-Long-Term Care is effective in assessing the anxiety level of the Chinese long-term care older adults population and provides an opportunity to detect and observe anxiety disorders in the long-term care population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Paul R, Muhammad T, Rashmi R, Sharma P, Srivastava S, Zanwar PP. Depression by gender and associated factors among older adults in India: implications for age-friendly policies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17651. [PMID: 37848598 PMCID: PMC10582097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspite of implementing policies to control mental health problems, depression remains a severe health concern among older adults in India. We examined self-reported differences in the depression among older men and women in India and examined associated factors for gender differences in depression at the population level. We utilized nationally representative data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) wave I, for years 2017-2019. Our analytical sample comprised of 30,637 older adults ages 60 years and above (14,682 men and 15,655 women). We conducted descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests followed by binary logistic regression and multivariate decomposition analyses to examine our study objectives. Depression was reported in - 7.4% (95% CI 7.0, 7.8) of older men and 9.5% (CI 9.1, 10.0) of older women. Poor self-rated health, multimorbidity status, physical activity, difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) were the significant health-related factors associated with depression among older men and women. Not being satisfied with one's life, not being satisfied with their present living arrangement, receiving any type of ill-treatment, and being widowed were the significant factors associated with depression among older men and women. We found gender disparity in self-reported depression. Marital status contributed-to 36.7% of the gender gap in depression among older adults. Additionally, ADL and IADL difficulties among men and women contributed to 17.6% and 34.0%, gender gap, self-rated health contributed to 18.8% gap, whereas not having equal social participation (4.4%) and not satisfied in present living arrangements (8.1%) were other factors that contributed to gender gap for depression in India. Depression is a critical and persistent public health problem among-older females in India. Our findings provide a broader framework for policymakers and health practitioners to focus on gender-specific strategies to mitigate this highly emergent problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Paul
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Rashmi Rashmi
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Palak Sharma
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Ji Y, Xiang X. The Reciprocal Relationship of Physical Capacity and Mental Health: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model Analysis. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2023; 66:924-941. [PMID: 37006136 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2023.2197017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the mutual influence of mental health and physical capacity in older adults, considering potential gender differences. Data from 7,504 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ from the NHATS 2011-2015 surveys were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model in Mplus. Results revealed moderate within-person effects of physical capacity on mental health (βt12 = -.19, βt23 = -.32, βt34 = -.42, βt45 = -.40), while the reverse relationship showed smaller effects (βt12 = -.02, βt23 = -.03, βt34 = -.03, βt45 = -.02). Gender differences emerged, with the influence of mental health on physical capacity being significant in men but not women. Additionally, correlations between changes in physical capacity and mental health were stronger for men. Lastly, lagged effects of physical capacity on mental health were notably stronger than the reverse. The findings suggest that enhancing physical capacity may alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms in older adults, particularly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ji
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- School of Management, Nanjing Audit University Jinshen College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Xiang
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ramm M, Jedamzik J, Lenz P, Poopana A, Heuft G, Conrad R. Psychometric properties and normative values of the revised demoralization scale (DS-II) in a representative sample of the German general population. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:685. [PMID: 37730585 PMCID: PMC10512641 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demoralization is a clinically relevant syndrome in chronic diseases. The demoralization scale (DS-II) was recently developed as an economic screening tool in clinical populations. Main aim of this study was to provide normative data of DS-II scores in the general population. METHODS We developed a new German version, the DS-II Münster, and tested internal consistency as well as the previously proposed two-factor structure with confirmatory factor analyses. The DS-II was applied in a household survey of the general population. Associations between DS-II scores and age, gender and other sociodemographic variables were explored. RESULTS The final sample consisted of N = 2471 participants (mean age = 49.8 years, range: 18-96; 50.1% men, 49.8% women). The DS-II Münster showed nearly excellent internal consistency. The model fit indices of the two-factor structure were not superior to those of the one-factor model. Mean scores of the DS-II were as follows. Total score: M = 3.76 (SD = 5.56), Meaning and Purpose subscale: M = 1.65 (SD = 2.77), Distress and Coping Ability subscale: M = 2.11 (SD = 3.02). DS-II scores were increased in women with an effect size of Cohen's d = 0.19. An age-related increase was specifically found for the Meaning and Purpose subscale (d = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS The study provides normative values of the DS-II with respect to age and gender in the general population to facilitate interpretation of DS-II scores in clinical samples. A DS-II total score > 5 is suggested as a cut-off value. The findings further our understanding of significant symptom burden that was previously suggested in young patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ramm
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Johanna Jedamzik
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Lenz
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Palliative Care, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Gereon Heuft
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rupert Conrad
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Wang J, Qiu Y, Zhu X. Trends of mental health care utilization among US adults from 1999 to 2018. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:665. [PMID: 37700243 PMCID: PMC10496400 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health disorders affect millions of US adults, however, the trends and related factors for mental health care utilization in the US remain unknown. AIMS Our study aimed to assess the trend of mental health utilization and related socio-demographic factors in the US. METHODS The study included 55,052 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999-2018. Temporal trends in the percentages of mental health care utilizers were estimated across survey cycles. Trends and linked factors of mental health care utilization were assessed by a logistic regression model, while the non-linearity was estimated by restricted cubic splines. RESULTS From 1999 to 2018, the percentage of mental health care utilizers in the US adult population increased from 7.0 to 11.3% (P < 0.001); meanwhile, the trends in males and females were consistent. The percentage increased positively with age in individuals aged 20-39 (P < 0.001) or aged 60 and over (P = 0.003). The trends were consistent in three race/ethnicity groups (P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that several disparities existed in the subpopulations. Older age, female, lower family poverty-income ratio (PIR), chronic diseases, higher educational level, and smoking were estimated to be associated with a higher percentage of mental health care. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of mental health care utilizers took on an increasing trend in the US adult population from 1999 to 2018. These trends were also observed in the subpopulations, but with disparities. Future research for exploring factors associated with mental health care utilizations is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhu
- Department of Medical Insurance, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Stonkute D, Lorenti A, Spijker JJ. Educational disparities in disability-free life expectancy across Europe: A focus on the East-West gaps from a gender perspective. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101470. [PMID: 37588766 PMCID: PMC10425944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Education plays a crucial role in shaping the health outcomes of adults. This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and health across Europe. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we estimate educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by gender in seven Western European (2004-2019) and three Central and Eastern European (CEE) (2010-2019) countries. We exploit a novel approach that combines the Sullivan method and multivariate life tables to calculate DFLE using SHARE data. We find that educational differences in DFLE favoring the better-educated exist in both CEE and Western European countries, but also that the differences across countries are more pronounced among the low-educated. While the absolute gaps in DFLE between low- and high-educated individuals in CEE and Western European countries are similar, the educational disparities in DFLE impose a more significant burden on the CEE populations due to their overall lower life expectancy. Educational inequalities are larger among women than among men in CEE countries, while the results for Western European countries are mixed. Our findings further highlight the important role of the institutional context in mitigating or exacerbating educational inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Stonkute
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, Rostock, 18057, Germany
- The Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angelo Lorenti
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, Rostock, 18057, Germany
- Max Planck – University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Rostock, Germany and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeroen J.A. Spijker
- Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Carrer de Ca n’Altayó, Edifici E2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Schäfer SK, Lindner S, Kunzler AM, Meerpohl JJ, Lieb K. The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad170. [PMID: 37725975 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, many experts pointed to potential adverse mental health effects for older adults. By contrast, many studies in young to middle-aged adults found older age to be associated with reduced mental burden. However, a systematic review on older adults is missing. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively assess the pandemic's mental health impact on older adults. DATA SOURCES We searched nine databases from December 2019 to April 2022. STUDY SELECTION We included longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional studies assessing pre- and/or peri-pandemic mental distress and/or positive mental health indicators (e.g. wellbeing) on at least two occasions. DATA SYNTHESIS We identified 108 studies comprising 102,136 participants (≥60 years). After removal of outliers, there was a small increase in mental distress from pre-to-peri-pandemic assessments, standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.01, 0.18]. Furthermore, a small peri-pandemic decrease in anxiety symptoms was observed, whereas other symptoms remained unchanged. For positive mental health indicators, wellbeing and quality of life showed an initial decrease, whereas overall positive mental health increased during the pandemic, SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.15]. Being female was related to larger peri-pandemic increases in mental distress. CONCLUSIONS Based on many studies, this review demonstrated small decreases in mental health during early stages of the pandemic in older adults, with evidence for later recovery. These findings are similar to those for younger adults and correct earlier claims that older adults are at particular risk for negative mental health consequences. The results ask for further research into resilience and adaptation processes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Diagnostics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Saskia Lindner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Angela M Kunzler
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Strange KE, Mixer SJ, Embler P, Smith JL, Troutman-Jordan M. "Turn It over to God": Faith Enhances Mental Health of Rural Appalachian Older Adults. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:809-815. [PMID: 37669558 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2241072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In Appalachia, rates of depression and suicidality are higher than national averages. Additional disparities of age, geographic isolation, economic distress, and mental healthcare provider shortages contribute to mental health challenges among rural Appalachian older adults (RAOAs). Based on ethnonursing research in East Tennessee, this article expands on findings about how RAOA faith beliefs and practices enhance mental health. Faith was found to decrease worry, improve coping, facilitate a sense of peace, and deepen thankfulness and joy. Implications for nursing practice and education indicate the importance of providing spiritual care to promote mental health and well-being for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina E Strange
- University of Tennessee, College of Nursing, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sandra J Mixer
- University of Tennessee, College of Nursing, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, and Fellow Transcultural Nursing Society Scholars
| | - Pam Embler
- University of Tennessee, College of Nursing, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer L Smith
- University of Tennessee, College of Nursing, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meredith Troutman-Jordan
- Systems Coordinator, Gerontology Society of America Fellow, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, School of Nursing and Gerontology Program
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Mellencamp KA. Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms Following Child Death in Later Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1591-1603. [PMID: 36462213 PMCID: PMC10461527 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined short- and long-term psychological adjustment to parental bereavement in later life for mothers and fathers. METHODS Using 9 waves of data from the United States (1998-2014 Health and Retirement Study), I estimated trajectories of mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms surrounding child death in later life, highlighting gender differences in adjustment. Moderation analyses were performed to uncover heterogeneous trajectories across parental characteristics. RESULTS Mothers were more likely to experience child death and reported higher depressive symptoms prior to parental bereavement than fathers. Mothers and fathers who lost a child reported an increase in depressive symptoms that diminished over time. The short-term elevation in depressive symptoms was marginally greater for mothers than fathers, but depressive symptoms declined at a faster rate for mothers than fathers in the years following the death. These counterbalancing changes resulted in mothers and fathers returning to their respective prebereavement levels of depressive symptoms between 2 and 4 years postbereavement. Parental age moderated trajectories distinctly by gender, and the presence of surviving children buffered the impact of child death on depressive symptoms for mothers but not fathers. DISCUSSION Mothers more often experience child death in later life and their adjustment process differs from that of fathers, underscoring the salience of gender in shaping how older parents respond to the death of a child. Older parents and mothers without surviving children are vulnerable to prolonged elevations in depressive symptoms following the death of a child in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagan A Mellencamp
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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Sempere-Bigorra M, Julián-Rochina I, Pérez-Ros P, Navarro-Flores E, Martínez-Arnau FM, Cauli O. Relationship between Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms with Somatosensory Functions in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Older Adults and Its Impact on Quality of Life. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1790. [PMID: 37763194 PMCID: PMC10532541 DOI: 10.3390/life13091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process that impacts the peripheral and central nervous systems and is considered one of the strongest risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, when it also presents with diabetes mellitus, the risk of neurological damage may be further increased. This current study aimed to explore the relationships between peripheral sensory system decline and cognitive functions, the symptoms of depression, and quality of life (QoL) as metrics of central nervous system impairment in institutionalized older adults. A total of 95 individuals participated in this case-control study, which included diabetics and non-diabetics. The superficial sensory pathway was assessed in terms of thermal sensation, nociception, and non-discriminative touch, and the deep sensory pathway was evaluated by assessing vibration and light touch-pressure sensations. To assess function at the intellectual level, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Trail Making Test (TMT) cognitive functional tests were used, while the symptoms of depression and QoL were explored by employing the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale and EuroQol 5D questionnaire (EQ-5D), respectively. In the overall population analyses, altered thermal sensation was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (CI; p < 0.05). In turn, bivariate analyses and a binary logistic regression showed that the symptoms of depression and QoL were significantly related to altered vibratory sensation when assessed using a medical tuning fork (p < 0.05). In the group of diabetic patients, those with CI also had significantly lower thermal sensation (p < 0.05) and non-discriminative touch sensation, although this was only a trend (p = 0.055). Diabetics with depression had a significantly worse non-discriminative touch (p < 0.05) and vibratory sensation when tested with a tuning fork (p < 0.05). In addition, poorer QoL was associated with reduced sensitivity to heat (p < 0.05), light touch pressure (p < 0.05), and vibrations when assessed either with a tuning fork (p < 0.05) or a biothesiometer (p < 0.05). In contrast, no relationships were found between sensory functions and cognitive assessments in non-diabetic patients. These findings indicate that superficial sensitivity damage was related to CI, while deep sensation alterations were related to depression and poor QoL, with diabetes apparently further strengthening these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Sempere-Bigorra
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.-B.); (I.J.-R.); (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.)
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Iván Julián-Rochina
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.-B.); (I.J.-R.); (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.)
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Pilar Pérez-Ros
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.-B.); (I.J.-R.); (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.)
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Emmanuel Navarro-Flores
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.-B.); (I.J.-R.); (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.)
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.S.-B.); (I.J.-R.); (P.P.-R.); (E.N.-F.)
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Li T, Li J, Ke X. Exploring the relationship between mental health and dialect use among Chinese older adults: a moderated mediation estimation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1177984. [PMID: 37575424 PMCID: PMC10416436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health, conceptualized as psychological status that includes rational cognition, emotional stability, and interpersonal harmony, is highly relevant to the expected health and well-being of all humans. China is facing the dual risk of increased aging and mental health disorders in older adults, while the established studies have rarely focused on the influence of dialect on the mental health of Chinese older adults. The present study aims to capture the relationship between dialect and mental health in Chinese older adults. Methods We use cross-sectional data from the nationally representative China Family Panel Studies, which encompasses the dialect use, mental health, and other socioeconomic features of 4,420 respondents. We construct a moderated mediation model that uses dialects and mental health as the independent and dependent variables and income inequality and subjective well-being as the mediator and moderator to reveal the relationship between dialect and mental health in Chinese older adults. Results (1) Dialects are shown to have a negative influence on the mental health of older adults in the current study (coefficient = -0.354, 95% CI = [-0.608, -0.097]). (2) Income inequality positively mediates the correlation between dialects and mental health (coefficient = 0.019, 95% CI = [0.010, 0.045]). (3) Subjective well-being negatively moderates the potential mechanism between dialects and mental health (coefficient = -0.126, 95% CI = [-0.284, -0.010]). Conclusion The use of dialects is associated with worse mental health outcomes in Chinese older adults, while this negative influence is positively mediated by income inequality and negatively moderated by subjective well-being, simultaneously. This study contributes to the knowledge enrichment of government workers, older adults with mental disorders, medical staff, and other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Li
- Department of Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Li
- International School of Chinese Studies, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xigang Ke
- Department of Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Fahy K, Alexiou A, Daras K, Mason K, Bennett D, Taylor-Robinson D, Barr B. Mental health impact of cuts to local government spending on cultural, environmental and planning services in England: a longitudinal ecological study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1441. [PMID: 37501117 PMCID: PMC10375661 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, there have been significant and unequal cuts to local authority (LA) budgets, across England. Cultural, environmental and planning (CEP) budgets have been cut by 17% between 2011 and 2019. This funding supports services such as parks, leisure centres, community development and libraries, all of which have potential to influence population mental health. We therefore investigated whether cuts to CEP services have affected mental health outcomes and the extent to which they have contributed to mental health inequalities between areas. METHODS Using fixed effects regression applied to longitudinal LA-level panel data in England, we assessed whether trends in CEP spend were associated with trends in mental health outcomes, between 2011 and 2019. The exposure was CEP spend and the primary outcome was the LA-average Small Area Mental Health Index (SAMHI). Additionally, we considered subcategories of CEP spend as secondary exposures, and antidepressant prescription rate and self-reported anxiety levels as secondary outcomes, both aggregated to LA-level. We adjusted all models for confounders and conducted subgroup analysis to examine differential mental health effects of spending cuts based on the level of area deprivation. RESULTS The average decrease in CEP spend of 15% over the period was associated with a 0.036 (95% CI: 0.005, 0.067) increase in SAMHI score, indicating worsening mental health. Amongst subcategories of CEP spending, cuts to planning and development services impacted mental health trends the most, with a 15% reduction in spend associated with a 0.018 (95% CI: 0.005, 0.031) increase in the SAMHI score. The association between cuts in CEP and deteriorating mental health was greater in more affluent areas. CONCLUSION Cuts to spending on cultural, environmental, planning and development services were associated with worsening population mental health in England. Impacts were driven by cuts to planning and development services in particular. Reinvesting in these services may contribute to improved public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Fahy
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK.
| | - Alexandros Alexiou
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Konstantinos Daras
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Kate Mason
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Health Policy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Davara Bennett
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - David Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Ben Barr
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
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