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Ortiz Muriel S, Mohammed R, Bass K, Gopinath P, Manasia A. A Case of Metastatic Melanoma Post Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. Cureus 2024; 16:e60347. [PMID: 38882997 PMCID: PMC11177274 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of organ transplantation, clinicians must be aware of the many potential complications that may arise. One such complication is post-transplantation melanoma. Herein, we present a case of advanced metastatic melanoma following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This is a 54-year-old cirrhotic male who underwent OLT that was complicated by metastatic melanoma. Despite adherence to yearly screening guidelines and timely radiation and immunotherapy, the disease course was rapidly progressive and fatal. This case aims to highlight the risk of post-transplantation melanoma and the potential need for screening modifications to identify melanoma earlier in its development. The association between organ transplantation and melanoma is well-reported, but the underlying risks and mechanisms remain incompletely understood. One potential risk factor is post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy, which may result in fatally aggressive melanoma. Understanding the potential mortality risks in transplant patients, modifications to peri-transplant screening guidelines, and immunosuppressive therapy may be lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahed Mohammed
- Institute for Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Bass
- Institute for Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Prathima Gopinath
- Institute for Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Manasia
- Institute for Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
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2
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Lee ST, Kovaleva N, Senko C, Kee D, Scott AM. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Transformation of Oncology: Melanoma and Skin Malignancies. PET Clin 2024; 19:231-248. [PMID: 38233284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common cancers, with melanoma resulting in the highest cause of death in this category. Accurate clinical, histologic, and imaging staging with fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is most important to guide patient management. Whilst surgical excision with clear margins is the gold-standard treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma, targeted therapies have generated remarkable and rapid clinical responses in melanoma, for which FDG PET also plays an important role in assessment of treatment response and post-therapy surveillance. Non-FDG PET tracers, advanced PET technology, and PET radiomics may potentially change the landscape of the utilization of PET in the imaging of patients with cutaneous malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalia Kovaleva
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Clare Senko
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Damien Kee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.
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Liu X, Zhang HY, Deng HA. Transcriptome and single-cell transcriptomics reveal prognostic value and potential mechanism of anoikis in skin cutaneous melanoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:70. [PMID: 38460046 PMCID: PMC10924820 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly lethal cancer, ranking among the top four deadliest cancers. This underscores the urgent need for novel biomarkers for SKCM diagnosis and prognosis. Anoikis plays a vital role in cancer growth and metastasis, and this study aims to investigate its prognostic value and mechanism of action in SKCM. METHODS Utilizing consensus clustering, the SKCM samples were categorized into two distinct clusters A and B based on anoikis-related genes (ANRGs), with the B group exhibiting lower disease-specific survival (DSS). Gene set enrichment between distinct clusters was examined using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. RESULTS We created a predictive model based on three anoikis-related differently expressed genes (DEGs), specifically, FASLG, IGF1, and PIK3R2. Moreover, the mechanism of these prognostic genes within the model was investigated at the cellular level using the single-cell sequencing dataset GSE115978. This analysis revealed that the FASLG gene was highly expressed on cluster 1 of Exhausted CD8( +) T (Tex) cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we have established a novel classification system for SKCM based on anoikis, which carries substantial clinical implications for SKCM patients. Notably, the elevated expression of the FASLG gene on cluster 1 of Tex cells could significantly impact SKCM prognosis through anoikis, thus offering a promising target for the development of immunotherapy for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hong-Ao Deng
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Caraban BM, Aschie M, Deacu M, Cozaru GC, Pundiche MB, Orasanu CI, Voda RI. A Narrative Review of Current Knowledge on Cutaneous Melanoma. Clin Pract 2024; 14:214-241. [PMID: 38391404 PMCID: PMC10888040 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a public health problem. Efforts to reduce its incidence have failed, as it continues to increase. In recent years, many risk factors have been identified. Numerous diagnostic systems exist that greatly assist in early clinical diagnosis. The histopathological aspect illustrates the grim nature of these cancers. Currently, pathogenic pathways and the tumor microclimate are key to the development of therapeutic methods. Revolutionary therapies like targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are starting to replace traditional therapeutic methods. Targeted therapy aims at a specific molecule in the pathogenic chain to block it, stopping cell growth and dissemination. The main function of immune checkpoint inhibitors is to boost cellular immunity in order to combat cancer cells. Unfortunately, these therapies have different rates of effectiveness and side effects, and cannot be applied to all patients. These shortcomings are the basis of increased incidence and mortality rates. This study covers all stages of the evolutionary sequence of melanoma. With all these data in front of us, we see the need for new research efforts directed at therapies that will bring greater benefits in terms of patient survival and prognosis, with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Marian Caraban
- Clinical Department of Plastic Surgery, Microsurgery-Reconstructive, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Aschie
- Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Departments of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Romania, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy of Scientists, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mariana Deacu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Departments of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Georgeta Camelia Cozaru
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Departments of Genetics, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mihaela Butcaru Pundiche
- Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Department of General Surgery, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristian Ionut Orasanu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Departments of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Voda
- Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Departments of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
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Zakariya F, Salem FK, Alamrain AA, Sanker V, Abdelazeem ZG, Hosameldin M, Tan JK, Howard R, Huang H, Awuah WA. Refining mutanome-based individualised immunotherapy of melanoma using artificial intelligence. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:25. [PMID: 38183141 PMCID: PMC10768232 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Using the particular nature of melanoma mutanomes to develop medicines that activate the immune system against specific mutations is a game changer in immunotherapy individualisation. It offers a viable solution to the recent rise in resistance to accessible immunotherapy alternatives, with some patients demonstrating innate resistance to these drugs despite past sensitisation to these agents. However, various obstacles stand in the way of this method, most notably the practicality of sequencing each patient's mutanome, selecting immunotherapy targets, and manufacturing specific medications on a large scale. With the robustness and advancement in research techniques, artificial intelligence (AI) is a potential tool that can help refine the mutanome-based immunotherapy for melanoma. Mutanome-based techniques are being employed in the development of immune-stimulating vaccines, improving current options such as adoptive cell treatment, and simplifying immunotherapy responses. Although the use of AI in these approaches is limited by data paucity, cost implications, flaws in AI inference capabilities, and the incapacity of AI to apply data to a broad population, its potential for improving immunotherapy is limitless. Thus, in-depth research on how AI might help the individualisation of immunotherapy utilising knowledge of mutanomes is critical, and this should be at the forefront of melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Zakariya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fatma K Salem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | | | - Vivek Sanker
- Research Assistant, Dept. Of Neurosurgery, Trivandrum Medical College, Trivandrum, India
| | - Zainab G Abdelazeem
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rachel Howard
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Helen Huang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wireko Andrew Awuah
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Zamonstanksya 7, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine.
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6
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Long GV, Swetter SM, Menzies AM, Gershenwald JE, Scolyer RA. Cutaneous melanoma. Lancet 2023:S0140-6736(23)00821-8. [PMID: 37499671 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a malignancy arising from melanocytes of the skin. Incidence rates are rising, particularly in White populations. Cutaneous melanoma is typically driven by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from natural sunlight and indoor tanning, although there are several subtypes that are not related to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Primary melanomas are often darkly pigmented, but can be amelanotic, with diagnosis based on a combination of clinical and histopathological findings. Primary melanoma is treated with wide excision, with margins determined by tumour thickness. Further treatment depends on the disease stage (following histopathological examination and, where appropriate, sentinel lymph node biopsy) and can include surgery, checkpoint immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or radiotherapy. Systemic drug therapies are recommended as an adjunct to surgery in patients with resectable locoregional metastases and are the mainstay of treatment in advanced melanoma. Management of advanced melanoma is complex, particularly in those with cerebral metastasis. Multidisciplinary care is essential. Systemic drug therapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have substantially increased melanoma survival following a series of landmark approvals from 2011 onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology and Pigmented Lesion and Melanoma Program, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Killeen TF, Shanley R, Ramesh V, Giubellino A. Malignant Melanoma in a Retrospective Cohort of Immunocompromised Patients: A Statistical and Pathologic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3600. [PMID: 37509262 PMCID: PMC10377403 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death due to cutaneous malignancy. Immunocompromised individuals have an elevated risk of developing melanoma. We aimed to provide histopathologic and statistical characterization of melanoma development in immunocompromised patients. METHODS We reviewed our institution's databases to identify all patients with a confirmed history of immunosuppression who subsequently developed melanoma, focusing on diagnoses during the follow-up period of 2011-2019. A total of 93 patients with a combined 111 melanoma lesions were identified. RESULTS Common causes of immunosuppression included transplantation and lymphoproliferative disorders. Superficial spreading and lentigo malignant melanoma were the most common malignant melanoma subtypes. Median Breslow depth was 0.7 mm, and the most common primary tumor stage was T1a. Our transplant sub-cohort had an overall melanoma incidence of 0.9 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 0.66 to 1.20) and a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.53 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.04) relative to a general population cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). CONCLUSIONS We report histopathologic characteristics of immunocompromised patients developing melanoma at a large academic tertiary-care center. Differences in age, sex, time since transplantation, and transplant type may play a significant role in melanoma SIR in this patient demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Killeen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan Shanley
- Masonic Cancer Center-Biostatistics Core, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vidhyalakshmi Ramesh
- Masonic Cancer Center-Clinical Informatics Shared Services, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alessio Giubellino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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8
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Stătescu L, Cojocaru E, Trandafir LM, Ţarcă E, Tîrnovanu MC, Heredea RE, Săveanu CI, Tarcău BM, Popescu IA, Botezat D. Catching Cancer Early: The Importance of Dermato-Oncology Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3066. [PMID: 37370677 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Society for Medical Oncology experts have identified the main components of the long-term management of oncological patients. These include early diagnosis through population screening and periodic control of already diagnosed patients to identify relapses, recurrences, and other associated neoplasms. There are no generally accepted international guidelines for the long-term monitoring of patients with skin neoplasms (nonmelanoma skin cancer, malignant melanoma, precancerous-high-risk skin lesions). Still, depending on the experience of the attending physician and based on the data from the literature, one can establish monitoring intervals to supervise these high-risk population groups, educate the patient and monitor the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stătescu
- Department of Dermatology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- 'Saint Spiridon' County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine-Pediatrics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Ţarcă
- Department of Surgery II-Pediatric Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Camelia Tîrnovanu
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine-Obstetrics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Rodica Elena Heredea
- Department of Clinical Practical Skills, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cătălina Iulia Săveanu
- Surgical Department, Discipline of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Marian Tarcău
- Department of Dermatology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- 'Saint Spiridon' County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Doru Botezat
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity-Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Jani S, Church CD, Nghiem P. Insights into anti-tumor immunity via the polyomavirus shared across human Merkel cell carcinomas. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172913. [PMID: 37287968 PMCID: PMC10242112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and augmenting cancer-specific immunity is impeded by the fact that most tumors are driven by patient-specific mutations that encode unique antigenic epitopes. The shared antigens in virus-driven tumors can help overcome this limitation. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a particularly interesting tumor immunity model because (1) 80% of cases are driven by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins that must be continually expressed for tumor survival; (2) MCPyV oncoproteins are only ~400 amino acids in length and are essentially invariant between tumors; (3) MCPyV-specific T cell responses are robust and strongly linked to patient outcomes; (4) anti-MCPyV antibodies reliably increase with MCC recurrence, forming the basis of a standard clinical surveillance test; and (5) MCC has one of the highest response rates to PD-1 pathway blockade among all solid cancers. Leveraging these well-defined viral oncoproteins, a set of tools that includes over 20 peptide-MHC class I tetramers has been developed to facilitate the study of anti-tumor immunity across MCC patients. Additionally, the highly immunogenic nature of MCPyV oncoproteins forces MCC tumors to develop robust immune evasion mechanisms to survive. Indeed, several immune evasion mechanisms are active in MCC, including transcriptional downregulation of MHC expression by tumor cells and upregulation of inhibitory molecules including PD-L1 and immunosuppressive cytokines. About half of patients with advanced MCC do not persistently benefit from PD-1 pathway blockade. Herein, we (1) summarize the lessons learned from studying the anti-tumor T cell response to virus-positive MCC; (2) review immune evasion mechanisms in MCC; (3) review mechanisms of resistance to immune-based therapies in MCC and other cancers; and (4) discuss how recently developed tools can be used to address open questions in cancer immunotherapy. We believe detailed investigation of this model cancer will provide insight into tumor immunity that will likely also be applicable to more common cancers without shared tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Jani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Candice D. Church
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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10
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Barbosa EC, Bucar EEC, Jubé GR, Silveira LB, Silva NCD, Faria PCC, Ramos PLC, Moraes VRY, Barros JOB. Fecal microbiota transplantation and its repercussions in patients with melanoma refractory to anti-PD-1 therapy: scope review. Rev Col Bras Cir 2023; 50:e20233490. [PMID: 37222345 PMCID: PMC10508684 DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20233490-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION despite being extremely effective in some cases, up to 70% of patients with melanoma do not respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (primary resistance) and many of the responders eventually progress (secondary resistance). Extensive efforts are being made to overcome this resistance through new strategies, especially aimed at modulating the intestinal microbiota. OBJECTIVE to assess whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), associated with immunotherapy, is beneficial in the clinical course of patients with refractory melanoma. METHODS this is a scope review, based on studies collected on the MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, Embase and BMJ Journals; using the terms: "Antibodies, Monoclonal"; "Drug Resistance, Neoplasm"; "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation"; "Host Microbial Interactions"; "Immunotherapy"; "Melanoma"; and "Microbiota". Clinical trials, in English, with relevant data on the subject and fully available were included. A cut-off period was not determined, due to the limited amount of evidence on the topic. RESULTS crossing the descriptors allowed the identification of 342 publications and, after applying the eligibility criteria, allowed the selection of 4 studies. From the analyses, it was observed that a considerable part of those studied overcame resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors after FMT, with better response to treatment, less tumor growth and increased beneficial immune response. CONCLUSION it is noted that FMT favors the response of melanoma to immunotherapy, translated into significant clinical benefit. However, further studies are necessary for the complete elucidation of the bacteria and the mechanisms involved, as well as for the translation of new evidence to oncological care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João Ormindo Beltrão Barros
- - Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Medicina - Anápolis - GO - Brasil
- - Hospital Santa Casa de Anápolis, Cancerologia Cirúrgica - Anápolis - GO - Brasil
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11
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Jedlowski PM. Association of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers, Melanoma, and Merkel Cell Carcinoma with Dermatologic Medications: A Case-Control Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System. Dermatology 2023; 239:694-699. [PMID: 37054693 DOI: 10.1159/000530107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications used in the treatment of dermatologic conditions have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between systemic dermatologic medications and skin cancer in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS Case-control analyses were performed in FAERS from 1968 to 2021 to examine the reporting odds ratios (RORs) for SCC, BCC, melanoma, and MCC. RESULTS The oral immunosuppressants were all associated with increased ROR of SCC, BCC, melanoma, and MCC. Azathioprine had the highest ROR for SCC (34.13, 95% CI 29.07-40.08), BCC (21.15, 95% CI 20.63-25.98), and MCC (44.76, 95% CI 31.52-63.55), while quinacrine and guselkumab had the highest ROR for melanoma (13.14, 95% CI 1.84-93.89 vs. 12.73, 95% CI 10.60-15.30, respectively). The TNF-α inhibitors were associated with an increased ROR for all skin cancers investigated. CONCLUSIONS The oral immunosuppressants and many biologic medications were associated with an increased ROR of skin cancers including TNF-α inhibitors (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab), IL-23 or IL-12/23 inhibitors (ustekinumab, risankizumab), and the CD-20 inhibitor rituximab but not dupilumab or IL-17 inhibitors.
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12
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Banner L, Joffe D, Lee E, Porcu P, Nikbakht N. Incidence of cutaneous melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma in patients with primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: A population study of the SEER registry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1110511. [PMID: 37089593 PMCID: PMC10117954 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe increased incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) is well established. While the risk of CM has been assessed in some subtypes of HM including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, the incidence in patients with primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) has not been interrogated.MethodsHere we evaluated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of CM and MCC in 5,179 PCBCL patients compared to approximately 1.5 billion individuals in the general population using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Among patients with PCBCL, we identified subgroups that were at increased risk for CM or MCC as a second primary cancer.ResultsWe found 36 cases of CM in the PCBCL cohort (SIR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.94–1.86), among which SIR was significantly elevated for non-Hispanic White patients compared to the general population (SIR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.03–2.06). Males had a significantly increased risk of developing CM after a diagnosis of PCBCL (SIR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10–2.26). We found that males in the age group of 50–59 were at increased risk for CM development (SIR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.11–6.58). Males were at increased risk of CM 1–5 years after PCBCL diagnosis (SIR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.18–3.34). Patients were at greater risk of developing MCC within 1 year of diagnosis of PCBCL (SIR, 23.60; 95% CI, 2.86–85.27), particularly in patients who were over the age of 80 (SIR, 46.50; 95% CI, 5.63–167.96). Males aged 60–69 with PCBCL, subtype marginal zone, were also at increased risk for MCC (SIR, 42.71; 95% CI, 1.08–237.99).ConclusionThere is an increased incidence of CM in White, middle-aged males within 5 years of diagnosis of PCBCL and an increased risk of MCC in elderly patients within 1 year of PCBCL diagnosis. These data suggest that certain subgroups of patients with PCBCL may require more rigid surveillance for CM and MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Banner
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Joffe
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Neda Nikbakht
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Neda Nikbakht,
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13
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Lonsdorf AS, Enk AH, Hartmann J. Patterns of photoprotective behavior, cumulative sun-exposure and skin cancer risk among solid organ transplant recipients: a dermatology transplant clinic experience. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:155-162. [PMID: 35671255 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for keratinocyte cancer is dramatically increased in solid organ transplant recipients (OTR) with a first post-transplant keratinocyte cancer conferring a high risk for subsequent keratinocyte cancer arising with accelerated dynamics. Despite cumulative ultraviolet radiation (UVR) being the primary responsible environmental carcinogen reduced compliance with photoprotective measures among OTR has been reported. Risk assessment tools could help guide clinical decision-making and targeted prevention strategies for patients at particularly high risk for post-transplant keratinocyte cancer. OBJECTIVES To evaluate cumulative sun exposure by means of an assigned total sun burden (TSB) score, sunscreen use and associated risk factors for keratinocyte cancer in the post-transplantation phase of OTR. METHODS A retrospective single-center cohort study analyzing medical records and standardized questionnaires of 290 OTR cared for at a German dermatology transplant clinic. RESULTS Significantly lower TSB scores were noted in OTR not developing a first keratinocyte cancer compared to OTR developing keratinocyte cancer during their follow-up period ( P = 0.005). Regression analysis assigned a significantly higher risk for the development of first keratinocyte cancer to OTR with TSB scores >10. In total 70.7% of OTR with a history of ≥1 keratinocyte cancer reported intermittent sunscreen use, while daily sunscreen use was overall associated with female gender (21.3%) and age >30 years (17.6%). CONCLUSIONS The risk of OTR for developing keratinocyte cancer is reflected by their UV-exposure patterns, which may be assessed by the TSB-score, a scored risk assessment tool. Complementing clinical data, the TSB score may help clinicians to identify OTR at particularly high risk for keratinocyte cancer and to endorse intensified prevention strategies and dermato-oncologic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke S Lonsdorf
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg
- Skin Cancer Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg
- Skin Cancer Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg
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14
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Xin X, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhang K, Qin C, Yin L. CXCL10-coronated thermosensitive "stealth" liposomes for sequential chemoimmunotherapy in melanoma. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102634. [PMID: 36462759 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of liposome-protein corona hinders the clinical application of liposomes due to active macrophage sequestration and rapid plasma clearance. Here we showed that, CXCL10 as a therapeutic protein was coronated the thermosensitive liposomes to form stealth-like nanocarriers (CXCL10/TSLs). Decoration of the corona layer of CXCL10/TSLs by hyaluronic acid conjugated oridonin (ORD/CXCL10/TSLs), overcame the "fluid barrier" built by biological proteins, drastically reduced capture by leukocytes in whole blood, allowed the specific targeting of tumor sites. Multifunctional medicine ORD/CXCL10/TSLs with hyperthermia drove the sustained cytokine-CXCL10 inflammatory loop to switch macrophage phenotype to M1-like, expand tumor-infiltrating natural killer cells and induce intratumoral levels of interferon-γ. Oridonin synergized with CXCL10 during ORD/CXCL10/TSLs treatment, downregulated PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK signaling for M1-like polarization and migration inhibition. Furthermore, ORD/CXCL10/TSLs potently synergized with anti-PD-L1 antibody in mice bearing metastatic melanoma, induced sustained immunological memory and controlled metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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15
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Lee H, Chen SK, Gautam N, Vine SM, He M, Desai RJ, Weinblatt ME, Glynn RJ, Kim SC. Risk of malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in rheumatoid arthritis patients initiating methotrexate versus hydroxychloroquine: a cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2023; 41:110-117. [PMID: 35616586 PMCID: PMC9652105 DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/staplf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the incidence rate of skin cancer associated with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RA patients aged ≥65 years who initiated methotrexate or hydroxychloroquine as their first disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The primary outcome was new occurrence of any skin cancer (i.e. malignant melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer; NMSC) based on validated algorithms (positive predictive value >83%). Secondary outcomes were malignant melanoma, NMSC, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We estimated the incidence rates (IRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for each outcome in the 1:1 propensity score (PS)-matched methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine groups. RESULTS We included 24,577 PS-matched pairs of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine initiators. Compared with hydroxychloroquine (IR 25.20/1,000 person-years), methotrexate initiators (IR 26.21/1,000 person-years) had a similar risk of any skin cancer [HR 1.03 -(95%CI 0.92, 1.14)] over a mean follow-up of 388 days. The HR (95%CI) associated with methotrexate was 1.39 (0.87, 2.21) for malignant melanoma, 1.01(0.90, 1.12) for NMSC, 1.37 (1.13, 1.66) for BCC, and 0.79 (0.63, 0.99) for SCC compared with hydroxychloroquine. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of older RA patients initiating methotrexate or hydroxychloroquine as their first DMARD, we found no difference in the risk of skin cancer including malignant melanoma and NMSC. However, for specific components of NMSC, methotrexate initiators had higher risk of BCC but lower risk of SCC compared with hydroxychloroquine initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Lee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah K Chen
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nileesa Gautam
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seanna M Vine
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengdong He
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rishi J Desai
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Weinblatt
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seoyoung C Kim
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, and Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Zheng YJ, Ho W, Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Daud A, Algazi A, Rappersberger K, Ortiz-Urda S. Melanoma risk during immunomodulating treatment. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:411-418. [PMID: 35993892 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapy is standard for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and for minimizing rejection in transplant patients. However, immunosuppressant drugs are associated with an increased risk of certain cancers. In particular, melanoma is an immunogenic tumor and as such, is strongly influenced by the immune system. We performed this literature review to summarize the effects of commonly used immunomodulating agents on melanoma development, recurrence and progression. We outline the mechanism of action of each drug and discuss the available evidence on its influence on melanoma. Based on existing literature, we recommend avoiding the following agents in patients with a history of invasive melanoma: cyclosporine, sirolimus, natalizumab, IL-6 inhibitors, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors infliximab and etanercept. If there are no viable alternative agents, we recommend for these patients to see a dermatologist every 6 months for a thorough skin examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan James Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wilson Ho
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Martina Sanlorenzo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Igor Vujic
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Rudolfstiftung Hospital
- School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adil Daud
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Alain Algazi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Klemens Rappersberger
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Rudolfstiftung Hospital
- School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Straker RJ, Tortorello GN, Sharon CE, Keele LJ, Chu EY, Miura JT, Karakousis GC, Ming ME. Association of type II diabetes mellitus with characteristics and outcomes for patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:1263-1271. [PMID: 35899938 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to an immunosuppressed state, but whether T2DM is associated with worse outcomes for patients with melanoma has not been well studied. METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with clinical stage I-II cutaneous melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy at a single institution (2007-2016) were identified. Melanoma characteristics and recurrence/survival outcomes were compared between patients with and without T2DM at the time of melanoma diagnosis. RESULTS Of 1128 patients evaluated, 111 (9.8%) had T2DM (n = 94 [84.7%] non-insulin dependent [NID-T2DM]; n = 17 [15.3%] insulin dependent [ID-T2DM]). T2DM patients were more likely to be older (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, p < 0.001), male (OR 2.15, p = 0.003), have tumors >1.0 mm (OR 1.88, p = 0.023), and have microsatellitosis (OR 2.29, p = 0.030). Five-year cumulative incidence of melanoma recurrence was significantly higher for patients with ID-T2DM (46.7% ID-T2DM vs. 25.7% NID-T2DM vs. 17.1% no T2DM, p < 0.001), and on multivariable analysis, ID-T2DM was independently associated with melanoma recurrence (hazard ratio 2.57, p = 0.015). No difference in 5-year disease-specific survival was observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS ID-T2DM appears to be associated with more advanced melanoma and increased risk for melanoma recurrence. Further study as to whether this reflects differences in tumor biology or host factors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Straker
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriella N Tortorello
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cimarron E Sharon
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luke J Keele
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John T Miura
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael E Ming
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Shannon AB, Straker RJ, Carr MJ, Sun J, Landa K, Baecher K, Lynch K, Bartels HG, Panchaud R, Keele LJ, Lowe MC, Slingluff CL, Jameson MJ, Tsai KY, Faries MB, Beasley GM, Sondak VK, Karakousis GC, Zager JS, Miura JT. An Internally Validated Prognostic Risk-Score Model for Disease-Specific Survival in Clinical Stage I and II Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:7033-7044. [PMID: 35867209 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous malignancy for which factors predictive of disease-specific survival (DSS) are poorly defined. METHODS Patients from six centers (2005-2020) with clinical stage I-II MCC who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy were included. Factors associated with DSS were identified using competing-risks regression analysis. Risk-score modeling was established using competing-risks regression on a training dataset and internally validated by point assignment to variables. RESULTS Of 604 patients, 474 (78.5%) and 128 (21.2%) patients had clinical stage I and II disease, respectively, and 189 (31.3%) had SLN metastases. The 5-year DSS rate was 81.8% with a median follow-up of 31 months. Prognostic factors associated with worse DSS included increasing age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, p = 0.046), male sex (HR 3.21, p = 0.021), immune compromise (HR 2.46, p = 0.013), presence of microsatellites (HR 2.65, p = 0.041), and regional nodal involvement (1 node: HR 2.48, p = 0.039; ≥2 nodes: HR 2.95, p = 0.026). An internally validated, risk-score model incorporating all of these factors was developed with good performance (AUC 0.738). Patients with ≤ 4.00 and > 4.00 points had 5-year DSS rates of 89.4% and 67.2%, respectively. Five-year DSS for pathologic stage I/II patients with > 4.00 points (n = 49) was 79.8% and for pathologic stage III patients with ≤ 4.00 points (n = 62) was 90.3%. CONCLUSIONS A risk-score model, including patient and tumor factors, based on DSS improves prognostic assessment of patients with clinically localized MCC. This may inform surveillance strategies and patient selection for adjuvant therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne B Shannon
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Richard J Straker
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Carr
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James Sun
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karenia Landa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kirsten Baecher
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Lynch
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Harrison G Bartels
- Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robyn Panchaud
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luke J Keele
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael C Lowe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Division of Breast and Melanoma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark J Jameson
- Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark B Faries
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georgia M Beasley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Zager
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John T Miura
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Young K, Arkfeld DV, Squires LD. Temporal bone mucosal melanoma masquerading as otomastoiditis. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2022.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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20
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Mala A, Foteinogiannopoulou K, Koutroubakis IE. Solid extraintestinal malignancies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1956-1980. [PMID: 35070035 PMCID: PMC8713323 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancies constitute the second cause of death in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), after cardiovascular diseases. Although it has been postulated that IBD patients are at greater risk of colorectal cancer compared to the general population, lately there has been evidence supporting that this risk is diminishing over time as a result of better surveillance, while the incidence of extraintestinal cancers (EICs) is increasing. This could be attributed either to systemic inflammation caused by IBD or to long-lasting immunosuppression due to IBD treatments. It seems that the overall risk of EICs is higher for Crohn’s disease patients and it is mainly driven by skin cancers, and liver-biliary cancers in patients with IBD and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The aims of this review were first to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of EICs in patients with IBD and second to raise awareness regarding a proper surveillance program resulting in early diagnosis, better prognosis and survival, especially in the era of new IBD treatments that are on the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mala
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis E Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
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21
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Jahnke MN, O'Haver J, Gupta D, Hawryluk EB, Finelt N, Kruse L, Jen M, Horii KA, Frieden IJ, Price H, Coughlin CC. Care of Congenital Melanocytic Nevi in Newborns and Infants: Review and Management Recommendations. Pediatrics 2021; 148:183438. [PMID: 34845496 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-051536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A pediatric dermatology expert working group performed a narrative review to describe care related to congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) in neonates and infants. There are no published guidelines for most aspects of care, including routine skin care and visit intervals. Few guidelines exist for surgical management; newer recommendations favor conservative practice. Emerging evidence contributes to recommendations for screening MRI to evaluate for neural melanosis and related central nervous system complications, however, more research is needed. Risk for melanoma is generally low, but those with large, giant, or multiple CMN have a higher risk. Multidisciplinary care, with a focus on family and patient preferences, is of paramount importance. Without standardized screening and management guidelines, questions abound regarding appropriate physical examination intervals, potential treatment including full or partial excision, timing and frequency of imaging, melanoma risk, and assessment for neural melanosis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge concerning care of patients with CMN, reveals gaps in the literature surrounding skin care, and provides management recommendations. We additionally discuss cutaneous complications of CMN, such as pruritus, hypertrichosis, and wound healing. Resources and references for families and providers can help patients navigate this sometimes challenging diagnosis. Finally, we contribute expert care recommendations to the current body of literature as a foundation for the development of future, more comprehensive care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla N Jahnke
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Judith O'Haver
- Division of Dermatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Arizona-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Deepti Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elena B Hawryluk
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nika Finelt
- Department of Dermatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Lacey Kruse
- Division of Dermatology, Lurie Children's Hospital and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melinda Jen
- Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly A Horii
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ilona J Frieden
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Harper Price
- Division of Dermatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Arizona-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Carrie C Coughlin
- Division of Dermatology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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Stenman C, Gillstedt M, Barck L, Gonzalez H, Halldin C, Wallinder A, Paoli J, Osmancevic A, Claeson M. Sun protection behaviour in organ transplant recipients and non-transplant patients attending a dermatology outpatient clinic in Sweden: A questionnaire survey. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 38:132-140. [PMID: 34416022 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at high risk of developing skin cancer and are therefore advised to protect their skin against ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Specialized OTR clinics with dermatological follow-up may improve sun habits among OTRs. In this study, we compared self-reported sun exposure and sun protection behaviour between OTRs and non-transplant patients (non-TPs) and between OTRs with and without special dermatological follow-up. METHODS Patients from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, completed a sun exposure questionnaire. Between 2011 and 2015, 282 OTRs transplanted in the period 1976-2014 and 414 non-TPs were recruited among dermatological outpatients. Participants were stratified into five groups by their status as OTRs or non-TPs and by attendance to dermatological follow-up. RESULTS More non-TPs than OTRs reported one or more sunburns in the past year, 46% vs. 20%, P < .0001). More OTRs with than OTRs without dermatological follow-up reported frequent use of sunscreens (63% vs 44%, P = .006). More OTRs with follow-up used one or more sun protection measure such as covering clothes, than other OTRs (54% vs 34%, P = .016). CONCLUSION In this study, OTRs reported less sun exposure than non-TPs. Specialized dermatological follow-up seems to improve sun protection behaviour among OTRs. We suggest that specialized OTR clinics should be more broadly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Stenman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Transplant Institute, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Gillstedt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lykke Barck
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Halldin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Wallinder
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Transplant Institute, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Paoli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amra Osmancevic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Claeson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Strashilov S, Yordanov A. Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Concepts and Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6395. [PMID: 34203771 PMCID: PMC8232613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma develops from malignant transformations of the pigment-producing melanocytes. If located in the basal layer of the skin epidermis, melanoma is referred to as cutaneous, which is more frequent. However, as melanocytes are be found in the eyes, ears, gastrointestinal tract, genitalia, urinary system, and meninges, cases of mucosal melanoma or other types (e.g., ocular) may occur. The incidence and morbidity of cutaneous melanoma (cM) are constantly increasing worldwide. Australia and New Zealand are world leaders in this regard with a morbidity rate of 54/100,000 and a mortality rate of 5.6/100,000 for 2015. The aim of this review is to consolidate and present the data related to the aetiology and pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, thus rendering them easier to understand. In this article we will discuss these problems and the possible impacts on treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Strahil Strashilov
- Department of Plastic Restorative, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital “Dr. Georgi Stranski”, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Clinic of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital “Dr. Georgi Stranski”, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria;
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Muzumdar S, Lin G, Kerr P, Grant-Kels JM. Evidence concerning the accusation that melanoma is overdiagnosed. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85:841-846. [PMID: 34116095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the United States and is responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. OBJECTIVE Since the 1970s, the incidence of melanoma has risen appreciably while melanoma-specific mortality has remained stable. This has raised a debate about potential overdiagnosis of melanoma. Herein, we review temporal trends in melanoma incidence and mortality and explore factors that may contribute to observed trends, including an aging population in the United States, ultraviolet exposure, increased numbers of biopsies by dermatologists and physician extenders, skin cancer screenings, histopathology criteria, and historic underdiagnosis. Additionally, we discuss melanoma overdiagnosis and the extent to which it may contribute to current trends. METHODS The literature was reviewed. RESULTS Several factors may contribute to an increased incidence of melanoma, including an aging population, ultraviolet exposure, increased skin biopsies, skin cancer screenings, histopathologic criteria, historic underdiagnosis, and current overdiagnosis. LIMITATIONS Further studies are required to determine exactly which tumors are being overdiagnosed, and how to improve patient outcomes with adjustment to physician's practice. CONCLUSION The rise in the incidence of melanoma observed since the 1970s is likely multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Muzumdar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Gloria Lin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Philip Kerr
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; University of Florida Dermatology Department, Gainesville, Florida.
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25
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The Impact of the Circadian Clock on Skin Physiology and Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116112. [PMID: 34204077 PMCID: PMC8201366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are growing in incidence worldwide and are primarily caused by exposures to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight. UV radiation induces the formation of photoproducts and other lesions in DNA that if not removed by DNA repair may lead to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Though the factors that cause skin carcinogenesis are reasonably well understood, studies over the past 10–15 years have linked the timing of UV exposure to DNA repair and skin carcinogenesis and implicate a role for the body’s circadian clock in UV response and disease risk. Here we review what is known about the skin circadian clock, how it affects various aspects of skin physiology, and the factors that affect circadian rhythms in the skin. Furthermore, the molecular understanding of the circadian clock has led to the development of small molecules that target clock proteins; thus, we discuss the potential use of such compounds for manipulating circadian clock-controlled processes in the skin to modulate responses to UV radiation and mitigate cancer risk.
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26
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Lo B, Zhao M, Vind I, Burisch J. The Risk of Extraintestinal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Population-based Cohort Studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:1117-1138.e19. [PMID: 32801010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing intestinal cancer. However, less is known about the risk of extraintestinal cancers (EICs). The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohorts assessing the risk of EICs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. METHODS Only population-based studies reporting on the prevalence or incidence of EICs were included. In total, 884 studies were screened and those included were assessed for quality. Eligible studies were pooled for length of follow-up evaluation, events in the IBD population, and events or expected events in a control population for the meta-analyses. RESULTS In total, 40 studies were included in the systematic review and 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall risk of EICs was found to be increased in both CD (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.43 [CI, 1.26, 1.63]) and UC (IRR: 1.15 [1.02, 1.31]) patients. Both CD and UC patients presented with an increased risk of skin (IRR: CD, 2.22 [1.41-3.48]; UC, 1.38 [1.12-1.71]) and hepatobiliary (IRR: CD, 2.31 [1.25-4.28]; UC, 2.05 [1.52-2.76]) malignancies. Furthermore, CD patients showed an increased risk of hematologic (IRR, 2.40 [1.81-3.18]) and lung (IRR, 1.53 [1.23-1.91]) cancers. These increased risks were present despite treatment with immunosuppressives. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that both CD and UC patients are at an increased risk of developing EICs, both overall and at specific sites. However, additional studies with longer follow-up evaluation are needed to assess the true risk of EICs posed by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Lo
- Gastrounit, Medical Section, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Mirabella Zhao
- Gastrounit, Medical Section, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ida Vind
- Gastrounit, Medical Section, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Johan Burisch
- Gastrounit, Medical Section, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a neoplasm originating in the melanocytes in the skin. Although malignant melanoma is the third most common cutaneous cancer, it is recognized as the main cause of skin cancer-related mortality, and its incidence is rising. The natural history of malignant melanoma involves an inconsistent and insidious skin cancer with great metastatic potential. Increased ultra-violet (UV) skin exposure is undoubtedly the greatest risk factor for developing cutaneous melanoma; however, a plethora of risk factors are now recognized as causative. Moreover, modern oncology now considers melanoma proliferation a complex, multifactorial process with a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors all known to be contributory to tumorgenesis. Herein, we wish to outline the epidemiological, molecular, and biological processes responsible for driving malignant melanoma proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Miller
- Surgery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, IRL
| | - Niall M McInerney
- Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, IRL
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28
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Čelakovská J, Bukač J, Čáková L, Šimková M, Jandová E. Epidemiology of Melanoma in the Czech Republic in East Bohemia in the Period 2002-2017 and the Effect of the Annual Sunshine Exposure. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2021; 63:10-17. [PMID: 32422111 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The evaluation of the trend in the occurrence of melanoma nodulare, melanoma superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ in the period of 2002-2017 in East Bohemia region in the Czech Republic. We examine if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine could affect the number of patients with melanoma. METHOD In the peridod of 2002-2017, altogether 2230 patients with new diagnosis of melanoma were examined. We studied 1) If there is some trend in the occurrence of lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ, melanoma superficiale, and melanoma nodulare and if there is a difference in the age of patients with this diagnosis (adjusted calculation of specific kind of melanomas and adjusted calculation of age). 2) If the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the trend in the occurrence of melanoma and if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the body site of melanoma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that the number of patients with lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ had increased in East Bohemia region in the period of 2002-2017. The number of melanomas of nodular and superficial type does not increase. The total number of melanomas in this period does not increase either. No difference of the age of patients with melanoma nodulare, superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ was confirmed. We confirmed no relation of the annual numbers of hours of sunshine to the number of melanoma and to the body site of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Bukač
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Čáková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šimková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jandová
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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29
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Čelakovská J, Bukač J, Čáková L, Šimková M, Jandová E. Melanoma Incidence in Czech Republic, the Relation between Histology, Body Site of Melanoma, and Duration of Lesions. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2021; 63:1-9. [PMID: 32422110 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2020.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the occurrence of melanoma in the period 1996-2017 in East Bohemia region in the Czech Republic. METHOD We studied the incidence of melanoma and the age of diagnosis (adjusted calculation) and the parameters such as histology, body site of lesions, the length of the duration of lesions in 2810 patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION No change in the occurrence of melanoma and in age of melanoma during this period was found. The difference between men and women was not confirmed in histology, but the difference between men and women was confirmed in the body site of lesion and in the length of duration of lesion. No relation between the length of duration of lesions from which melanoma had originated and its histology was confirmed. The relation was confirmed between histology and body site of melanoma. The relation between the body site and the length of duration of previous lesions was confirmed also. The increasing occurrence of melanoma on the trunk according to the duration of the previous lesions was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Bukač
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Čáková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šimková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jandová
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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31
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Cutaneous Head and Neck Cancers in the High-Risk Immunosuppressed Population. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2021; 54:397-413. [PMID: 33602516 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressed (IS) population encompasses a diverse cohort of patients to include iatrogenically immunocompromised organ transplant recipients as well as patients with chronic lymphoid malignancies, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and autoimmune disorders. Cutaneous cancers in this high-risk patient group are clinically distinct from the general immunocompetent population, showing aggressive behavior with associated poor outcomes. This article reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, incidence, prognosis, and special considerations required in managing cutaneous cancers in the IS patient population.
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32
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Cooper H, Farsi M, Miller R. A Rare Case of Oral Mucosal Amelanotic Melanoma in a 77-year-old Immunocompromised Man. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2021; 14:27-29. [PMID: 33584964 PMCID: PMC7869819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary mucosal melanomas are rare neoplasms that occur in the mouth, esophagus, nasopharynx, larynx, and anogenital mucosa. Mucosal melanomas are rare, accounting for approximately one percent of all melanomas. Of the mucosal melanomas that occur in the head and neck, oral mucosal melanomas compose approximately 25 percent. Here, we present a case of an amelanotic oral mucosal melanoma of the mucosal lip in a 77-year-old male patient with a history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple basal and squamous cell carcinomas. The patient presented with a pink, nonpigmented, pedunculated mass on the left superior mucosal lip. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed a diagnosis of a superficial spreading type of malignant melanoma with a nodular component. The patient was referred to a tertiary care center for further management. Multiple risk factors exist for developing melanoma, including immunosuppression. Lymphoproliferative disorders, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lead to inherent immunosuppression, which can be exacerbated by chemotherapy treatments. Cases of oral mucosal melanoma have a poor prognosis due to delayed diagnosis, anatomic location, and aggressive behavior. Surgical resection is first-line therapy, with regional lymph-node dissection of the neck is recommended in most cases. Radiotherapy and targeted molecular therapy, such as c-KIT inhibitors, can also be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassie Cooper
- All authors are with Largo Medical Center in Largo, Florida
| | - Maheera Farsi
- All authors are with Largo Medical Center in Largo, Florida
| | - Richard Miller
- All authors are with Largo Medical Center in Largo, Florida
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33
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González-Cruz C, Ferrándiz-Pulido C, García-Patos Briones V. Melanoma in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 112:216-224. [PMID: 33197437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we analyze the 3 clinical scenarios related to the development of melanoma in solid organ transplant recipients: melanoma in patients with a history of the tumor prior to a transplant, de novo melanoma following a transplant, and melanoma of donor origin. The main factors to consider in organ-transplant candidates with a history of melanoma are tumor stage, presence or absence of residual disease, and time from diagnosis to transplantation. Solid organ transplant recipients have a greater risk of melanoma than immunocompetent individuals. Mortality is also higher in this population, especially in patients with advanced melanoma, as treatment is especially challenging. Clinical history and physical examination provide the most useful information for preventing donor-to-recipient transmission of melanoma. Donor-derived melanoma has a very poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C González-Cruz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - C Ferrándiz-Pulido
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - V García-Patos Briones
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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34
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Bogach J, Wright FC, Austin J, Cheng SY, Diong C, Sutradhar R, Baxter NN, Look Hong NJ. Medical Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:3302-3311. [PMID: 33067747 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma and the immune system are intimately related. However, the association of immunosuppressive medications (ISMs) with survival in melanoma is not well understood. The study evaluated this at a population level. METHODS A cohort of patients with a diagnosis of invasive cutaneous melanoma (2007-2015) was identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry and linked to identify demographics, stage at diagnosis, prescription of immunosuppressive medications (both before and after diagnosis), and outcomes. The demographics of patients with and without prescriptions for ISM were compared. Patients eligible for Ontario's Drug Benefit Plan were included to ensure accurate prescription data. The primary outcome was overall survival. Cox Proportional Hazards Regression models identified factors associated with mortality, including use of ISM as a time-varying covariate. RESULTS Of the 4954 patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma, 1601 had a prescription for ISM. The median age of the patients was 74 years. Overall, 58.4% of the patients were men (60.5% of those without ISM and 54% of those using ISM; p < 0.001). The use of oral immunosuppression was associated with an increased hazard of death (hazard ratio, 5.84; 95% confidence interval, 5.11-6.67; p < 0.0001) when control was used for age, disease stage at diagnosis, anatomic site, comorbidity, and treatment. Other factors associated with death were increasing age, male sex, increased disease stage, truncal location of primary melanoma, and inadequate treatment. In sensitivity analysis with steroid-only ISM use excluded, survival did not differ significantly (p = 0.355). CONCLUSIONS The use of immunosuppressive steroids for melanoma is associated with worse overall survival. Use of steroids should be limited when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bogach
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Frances C Wright
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janice Austin
- Department of Surgery, Joseph Brant Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Rinku Sutradhar
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy N Baxter
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole J Look Hong
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Dirilenoglu F, Yukselen OO, Mocan G. Spindle cell melanoma coexisting with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: a rare collision tumor in multiple sites. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:1215-1219. [PMID: 32959377 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A strong association has been reported between chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) and malignant melanoma (MM). In rare cases of MM, lymphoid malignancies may be detected incidentally during sentinel lymph node biopsies. In this case, we found a unique collision of MM and CLL infiltration in the skin. An 88-year-old male patient presented with a mass on the nasal root. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy specimen revealed a deeply infiltrative, atypical spindle cell proliferation in the background of a collagenous stroma. Accompanying this lesion, there were foci of monotonous lymphoid cell populations involving skin appendages. In the immunohistochemical studies, the spindle cells were diffusely positive for S100, and focally positive for Melan-A and HMB45; the lymphoid cells were positive for CD20, CD5, and Bcl-2 and negative for CD3, Bcl-6, CD10, and Cyclin D1. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with diagnoses of spindle cell melanoma and CLL. Interestingly, these two tumors together in their same morphological appearance were confirmed in a subsequent liver biopsy. Active skin surveillance of patients with CLL may be important to detect MM at an early stage that correlates with a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Dirilenoglu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ozen Ozden Yukselen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Gamze Mocan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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36
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Austin J, Wright FC, Cheng SY, Sutradhar R, Baxter NN, Look Hong NJ. Outcomes of Immunosuppressed Patients Who Develop Melanoma: A Population-Based Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:2927-2948. [PMID: 32248374 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have examined outcomes in immunosuppressed patients who develop melanoma. The purpose of this study is to compare survival in immunosuppressed patients who developed melanoma with that in patients with melanoma who are not immunosuppressed. METHODS Immunosuppressed patients were defined as having solid organ transplant, lymphoma, leukemia, or human immunodeficiency virus prior to diagnosis of melanoma. Patients with cutaneous melanoma with and without immunosuppression were identified retrospectively from the Ontario Cancer Registry (2007-2015) and linked with administrative databases to identify demographics, treatment, and outcomes. Immunosuppressed patients were matched with non-immunosuppressed patients based on age at diagnosis, sex, birth year, stage at diagnosis, and propensity score. The primary outcome was overall survival. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify factors associated with survival. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were well balanced in 218 immunosuppressed patients matched to 436 controls. Of the patients, 186 (28.4%) were female, and median age at melanoma diagnosis was 69 (interquartile range, IQR 59-78) years. Three-year overall survival (OS) was 65% for immunosuppressed patients and 79% for non-immunosuppressed patients. Melanoma was the leading cause of death for both groups. On multivariable analysis, immunosuppression was associated with increased mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.23]. Adequate treatment (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.22-0.58) and dermatologist visits either before (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.36-0.73) or after (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.90) melanoma diagnosis were associated with improved OS. CONCLUSIONS Immunosuppressed patients who develop melanoma have worse outcomes when matched to non-immunosuppressed patients. This decrease in survival appears related to the underlying condition rather than diagnosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Austin
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances C Wright
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Nancy N Baxter
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole J Look Hong
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Polesie S, Gillstedt M, Paoli J, Osmancevic A. Methotrexate treatment for patients with psoriasis and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a nested case–control study. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:684-691. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Polesie
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - M. Gillstedt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - J. Paoli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - A. Osmancevic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology Gothenburg Sweden
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Manohar S, Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Markovic SN, Herrmann SM. Systematic Review of the Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Among Kidney Transplant Patients. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:149-158. [PMID: 32043028 PMCID: PMC7000848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney transplant (Ktx) recipients are excluded from clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors among Ktx patients. METHODS A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through April 2019. We included studies that reported outcomes of Ktx recipients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment. Outcomes of interest were allograft rejection and/or allograft failure. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles with a total of 44 Ktx patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor were identified. Of 44 Ktx patients, 18 were reported to have acute rejection. Median time from immune checkpoint inhibitors to acute rejection diagnosis was 24 (interquartile range, 10-60) days. Reported types of acute allograft rejection were cellular rejection (33%), mixed cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (17%), and unspecified type (50%). Fifteen (83%) had allograft failure and 8 (44%) died. Three patients had a partial remission (17%), 1 patient achieved cancer response (6%), and 5 patients had stable disease (28%). CONCLUSION The findings of our study raise awareness of the increased risk for acute allograft rejection/failure following immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment among Ktx patients, in particular with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Future large-scale clinical studies are required to appraise the pathogenesis and plan optimal balanced therapy that helps sustain graft tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Manohar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Sandra M. Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Targeting the mTOR pathway uncouples the efficacy and toxicity of PD-1 blockade in renal transplantation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4712. [PMID: 31624262 PMCID: PMC6797722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use remains a challenge in patients with solid organ allografts as most would undergo rejection. In a melanoma patient in whom programmed-death 1 (PD-1) blockade resulted in organ rejection and colitis, the addition of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus resulted in ongoing anti-tumor efficacy while promoting allograft tolerance. Strong granzyme B+, interferon (IFN)-γ+ CD8+ cytotoxic T cell and circulating regulatory T (Treg) cell responses were noted during allograft rejection, along with significant eosinophilia and elevated serum IL-5 and eotaxin levels. Co-treatment with sirolimus abated cytotoxic T cell numbers and eosinophilia, while elevated Treg cell numbers in the peripheral blood were maintained. Interestingly, numbers of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells and serum IFN-γ levels increased with the addition of sirolimus treatment likely promoting ongoing anti-PD-1 efficacy. Thus, our results indicate that sirolimus has the potential to uncouple anti-PD-1 therapy toxicity and efficacy. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer patients with solid organ allografts is hampered due to potential organ rejection. Here, the authors present a case report of a patient with kidney allograft and show that treatment with the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus preserves peripheral tolerance and anti-tumour efficacy of ICI therapy.
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El Sharouni MA, Witkamp AJ, Sigurdsson V, van Diest PJ. Comparison of Survival Between Patients With Single vs Multiple Primary Cutaneous Melanomas. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:1049-1056. [PMID: 31241717 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing forms of cancer worldwide. Most studies about survival among patients with melanoma consider only the primary tumor and disregard the potential effect of multiple primary tumors. A better understanding of the prognosis of patients with multiple primary melanoma is important for patient counselling and follow-up strategies. Objective To describe the epidemiologic features of multiple primary melanoma in patients from the Netherlands. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, population-based cohort study included adults with histologically proven, primary, invasive cutaneous melanoma in the Netherlands between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2014, with a median follow-up of 75.1 months, using data from PALGA, the Dutch Nationwide Network and Registry of Histopathology and Cytopathology. Follow-up data were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Statistical analysis was performed from August 1, 2018, to September 3, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures A multivariable Cox model with a time-varying covariate was performed to assess overall survival between patients with a single primary melanoma vs those with multiple primary melanomas. Secondary outcomes included incidence of multiple primary melanoma, differences in Breslow thickness, and time between first and second multiple primary melanoma. Results Of the 56 929 study patients, 31 916 (56.1%) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 56.4 (16.2) years. A total of 54 645 single primary melanomas and 4967 multiple primary melanomas in 2284 patients were included. The median Breslow thickness decreased from 0.90 mm (interquartile range, 0.55-1.70 mm) for the first melanoma to 0.65 mm (interquartile range, 0.45-1.10 mm) for the second melanoma (P < .001). For their second melanoma, 370 patients (16.2%) had a higher T stage, 1112 (48.7%) had the same T stage, and 802 (35.1%) had a lower T stage. In addition, 841 of 2284 second melanomas (36.8%) in patients with multiple primary melanomas were found during the first year of follow-up, whereas 624 of 2284 (27.3%) were found after 5 years of follow-up. These proportions did not vary when stratified for melanoma stage. Worse overall survival was seen among patients with multiple primary melanomas compared with patients with a single primary melanoma (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.20-1.42; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance A significant decrease in Breslow thickness between the first and second multiple primary melanoma was found, and overall survival among patients with multiple primary melanomas was significantly worse than that among patients with a single primary melanoma. These findings suggest that more strict follow-up strategies may be warranted for patients with multiple primary melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ann El Sharouni
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Witkamp
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vigfús Sigurdsson
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Immunomodulatory germline variation associated with the development of multiple primary melanoma (MPM). Sci Rep 2019; 9:10173. [PMID: 31308438 PMCID: PMC6629847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple primary melanoma (MPM) has been associated with a higher 10-year mortality risk compared to patients with single primary melanoma (SPM). Given that 3–8% of patients with SPM develop additional primary melanomas, new markers predictive of MPM risk are needed. Based on the evidence that the immune system may regulate melanoma progression, we explored whether germline genetic variants controlling the expression of 41 immunomodulatory genes modulate the risk of MPM compared to patients with SPM or healthy controls. By genotyping these 41 variants in 977 melanoma patients, we found that rs2071304, linked to the expression of SPI1, was strongly associated with MPM risk reduction (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.45–0.81; p = 0.0007) when compared to patients with SPM. Furthermore, we showed that rs6695772, a variant affecting expression of BATF3, is also associated with MPM-specific survival (HR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.57–7.42; p = 0.0019). These findings provide evidence that the genetic variation in immunomodulatory pathways may contribute to the development of secondary primary melanomas and also associates with MPM survival. The study suggests that inherited host immunity may play an important role in MPM development.
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42
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Damento GM, Pulido JS, Abbott BA, Hodge DO, Dalvin LA. TNF-Alpha Inhibition and Other Immunosuppressants in the Development of Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1287-1295. [PMID: 31272570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate an association between tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNFα) inhibitors or other immunosuppressants and the development of uveal and cutaneous melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective incidence and case-control analysis of patients in Olmsted County, MN, who were diagnosed with uveal or cutaneous melanoma from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2014. Incidence was adjusted by age and gender to the 2010 US white population. Controls were matched by sex and age to cases at time of diagnosis of melanoma. RESULTS There were 1221 cases of melanoma (33 uveal, 1188 cutaneous). Combined incidence of uveal and cutaneous melanoma per 100,000 person-years varied by gender (male > female), age (older > younger), and time period: 2010 to 2014 (77.9, 95% confidence interval [CI], 71.1-84.7) ≈ 2005 to 2009 (78.0, 95% CI, 70.9-85.0) > 2000 to 2004 (42.5, 95% CI, 36.9-48.1, P<.001). TNFa inhibitor prescription was not associated with significantly increased risk of melanoma vs controls (1.06% vs 0.41%, P=.06). Immunosuppressive agents, high-dose corticosteroids, and topical immunosuppressants were associated with melanoma (odds ratio [OR] 1.42 CI, 1.03-1.95, 3.30 CI, 2.44-4.48, and 1.87 CI, 1.06-3.28, respectively). An increased number of patients with uveal melanoma received immune modulating agents vs controls, but this was not statistically significant (P=.36). Autoimmune disease itself was not correlated with melanoma (P=.73). CONCLUSION Exposure to immunosuppressive agents is associated with melanoma. TNFa inhibition and autoimmune disease alone do not significantly increase risk of melanoma. In patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments, physicians should consider monitoring with dilated ophthalmic and full-body skin examinations. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of TNFa inhibitors on development of melanoma, particularly in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gena M Damento
- Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Ophthalmology, Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - David O Hodge
- Department of Health Sciences Research/Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Behrens G, Niedermaier T, Berneburg M, Schmid D, Leitzmann MF. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206087. [PMID: 30379884 PMCID: PMC6209223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiologic studies have examined the relation of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness to risk of cutaneous melanoma but the available evidence has not yet been quantified in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), we identified 3 cohort studies (N = 12,605 cases) and 5 case-control studies (N = 1,295 cases) of physical activity and melanoma incidence, and one cohort study (N = 49 cases) of cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma risk. RESULTS Cohort studies revealed a statistically significant positive association between high versus low physical activity and melanoma risk (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16-1.40). In contrast, case-control studies yielded a statistically non-significant inverse risk estimate for physical activity and melanoma (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.63-1.14; P-difference = 0.02). The only available cohort study of cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma risk reported a positive but statistically not significant association between the two (RR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.99-4.96). Potential confounding by ultraviolet (UV) radiation-related risk factors was a major concern in cohort but not case-control studies. CONCLUSIONS It appears plausible that the positive relation of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to melanoma observed in cohort studies is due to residual confounding by UV radiation-related risk factors. IMPACT Future prospective studies need to examine the association between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and melanoma after detailed adjustment for UV radiation-related skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Behrens
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Niedermaier
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael F. Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Dimitriou F, Krattinger R, Ramelyte E, Barysch MJ, Micaletto S, Dummer R, Goldinger SM. The World of Melanoma: Epidemiologic, Genetic, and Anatomic Differences of Melanoma Across the Globe. Curr Oncol Rep 2018; 20:87. [PMID: 30250984 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-018-0732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As cancer remains an increasing problem in industrial countries, the incidence of melanoma has risen rapidly in many populations during the last decades and still continues to rise. Current strategies aiming to control the disease have largely focused on improving the understanding of the interplay of causal factors for this cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Cutaneous melanoma shows clear differences in incidence, mortality, genomic profile, and anatomic presentation, depending on the country of residence, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Known risk factors are multiple atypical nevi, positive family and/or personal history, immune suppressive diseases or treatments, and fair skin phenotype. Besides new adjuvant therapeutic options, changed attitude toward leisure and sun exposure, primary prevention, and early detection are major contributors to disease control. Melanoma is a disease of multifactorial causality and heterogeneous presentation. Its subtypes differ in origin, anatomical site, role of UV radiation, and mutational profile. Better understanding of these differences may improve prevention strategies and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentia Dimitriou
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Krattinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Egle Ramelyte
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marjam J Barysch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Micaletto
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone M Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Helgadottir H, Rocha Trocoli Drakensjö I, Girnita A. Personalized Medicine in Malignant Melanoma: Towards Patient Tailored Treatment. Front Oncol 2018; 8:202. [PMID: 29946532 PMCID: PMC6006716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous international efforts, skin melanoma is still a major clinical challenge. Melanoma takes a top place among the most common cancer types and it has one of the most rapidly increasing incidences in many countries around the world. Until recent years, there have been limited options for effective systemic treatment of disseminated melanoma. However, lately, we have experienced a rapid advancement in the understanding of the biology and molecular background of the disease. This has led to new molecular classifications and the development of more effective targeted therapies adapted to distinct melanoma subtypes. Not only are these treatments more effective but they can be rationally prescribed to the patients standing to benefit. As such, melanoma management has now become one of the most developed for personalized medicine. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the current knowledge on melanoma molecular classification, predictive markers, combination therapies, as well as emerging new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildur Helgadottir
- Skin Tumor Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iara Rocha Trocoli Drakensjö
- Skin Tumor Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ada Girnita
- Skin Tumor Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Khan AQ, Travers JB, Kemp MG. Roles of UVA radiation and DNA damage responses in melanoma pathogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:438-460. [PMID: 29466611 PMCID: PMC6031472 DOI: 10.1002/em.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of melanoma is a serious public health issue that merits a thorough understanding of potential causative risk factors, which includes exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Though UVR has been classified as a complete carcinogen and has long been recognized for its ability to damage genomic DNA through both direct and indirect means, the precise mechanisms by which the UVA and UVB components of UVR contribute to the pathogenesis of melanoma have not been clearly defined. In this review, we therefore highlight recent studies that have addressed roles for UVA radiation in the generation of DNA damage and in modulating the subsequent cellular responses to DNA damage in melanocytes, which are the cell type that gives rise to melanoma. Recent research suggests that UVA not only contributes to the direct formation of DNA lesions but also impairs the removal of UV photoproducts from genomic DNA through oxidation and damage to DNA repair proteins. Moreover, the melanocyte microenvironment within the epidermis of the skin is also expected to impact melanomagenesis, and we therefore discuss several paracrine signaling pathways that have been shown to impact the DNA damage response in UV-irradiated melanocytes. Lastly, we examine how alterations to the immune microenvironment by UVA-associated DNA damage responses may contribute to melanoma development. Thus, there appear to be multiple avenues by which UVA may elevate the risk of melanoma. Protective strategies against excess exposure to UVA wavelengths of light therefore have the potential to decrease the incidence of melanoma. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:438-460, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Q Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
- Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
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Nguyen J, Alexander T, Jiang H, Hill N, Abdullaev Z, Pack SD, Hsu AP, Holland SM, Hickstein DD, Engels EA, Brownell I. Melanoma in patients with GATA2 deficiency. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:337-340. [PMID: 29156497 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency is a recently described genetic disorder affecting hematopoietic stem cells and is associated with immunodeficiency, hematologic malignancy, and various cutaneous pathologies including cutaneous tumors. To explore the incidence and clinical course of melanoma in patients with germline GATA2 deficiencies, we conducted a retrospective chart review of 71 such patients and identified two with invasive melanoma. One melanoma was diagnosed early because it was associated with pruritus due to a graft-versus-tumor effect following bone marrow transplantation. The other one, a lentigo maligna melanoma, was locally excised but progressed to widespread metastasis and death several years later. Our observations and published studies of melanoma biology suggest an association between decreased GATA2 expression and melanoma progression. These findings suggest that GATA2 deficient patients may have an increased risk of melanoma and should be observed closely for new or changing skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannett Nguyen
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany Alexander
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natasha Hill
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana D Pack
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dennis D Hickstein
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Marra A, Scognamiglio G, Peluso I, Botti G, Fusciello C, Filippelli A, Ascierto PA, Pepe S, Sabbatino F. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma and HIV Infection. Open AIDS J 2017; 11:91-100. [PMID: 29290886 PMCID: PMC5730951 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601711010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors increases the overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma regardless of their oncogene addicted mutations. However, no data is available from clinical trials of effective therapies in subgroups of melanoma patients that carry chronic infective diseases such as HIV. Evidences suggest a key role of the immune checkpoint molecules as a mechanism of immune escape not only from melanoma but also from HIV host immune response. Conclusion: In this article, firstly, we will describe the role of the immune checkpoint molecules in HIV chronic infection. Secondly, we will summarize the most relevant clinical evidences utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma patients. Lastly, we will discuss the potential implications as well as the potential applications of immune checkpoint molecule-based immunotherapy in patients with melanoma and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marra
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, via G. B. Pergolesi, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Surgical Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Celeste Fusciello
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
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49
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Stevens H, Raj K, Ashby M, Grigg A. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation as a risk factor for recurrent melanoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1750-1752. [PMID: 29087220 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1393670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stevens
- a Department of Clinical Haematology , Austin Health , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kavita Raj
- b Department of Haematology , King's College Hospital , London , UK
| | - Michael Ashby
- a Department of Clinical Haematology , Austin Health , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Andrew Grigg
- a Department of Clinical Haematology , Austin Health , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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50
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Chang TW, Weaver AL, Brewer JD, Kyle RA, Baum CL. Risk of melanoma in patients with multiple myeloma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 78:621-623. [PMID: 29042230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amy L Weaver
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jerry D Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert A Kyle
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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