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Jinling X, Guoan L, Chuxi C, Qiaoyuan L, Yinzhong C, Shihao C, Huaquan L, Yunxuan H, Yunshan N, Yan L. NOTCH1 is positively correlated with IL17F in Helicobacter pylori infection and a biomarker for mucosal injury. iScience 2024; 27:110323. [PMID: 39055908 PMCID: PMC11269956 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study previously showed the involvement of Notch1 in Th1 differentiation in H. pylori-infected patients. However, the role of Notch1 in Th17 or Treg differentiation during H. pylori infection and the potential diagnostic value of its associated genes remain unclear. Here, we found that NOTCH1 was positively correlated with Th17-related genes RORγt (r = 0.616, p < 0.001) and IL17F (r = 0.523, p < 0.01), but not with Treg-related genes FOXP3 and IL10. The mRNA levels of aforementioned genes were upregulated at different stages of mucosal injury except for upper gastrointestinal ulcers. A combiROC analysis of NOTCH1 and IL17F discriminated H. pylori-infected gastritis from healthy controls with high accuracy (AUC of 0.952, sensitivity of 0.929, and specificity of 0.893). This study is the first to show that Notch1 is correlated with Th17-associated gene expression during H. pylori infection. Additionally, NOTCH1 and IL17F are potential diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Jinling
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Xinhui District People’s Hospital, Affiliated with the Southern Medical University, Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Liu Guoan
- Xinhui District People’s Hospital, Affiliated with the Southern Medical University, Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Chen Chuxi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liu Qiaoyuan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chen Yinzhong
- Xinhui District People’s Hospital, Affiliated with the Southern Medical University, Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Chen Shihao
- Xinhui District People’s Hospital, Affiliated with the Southern Medical University, Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Long Huaquan
- Xinhui District People’s Hospital, Affiliated with the Southern Medical University, Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - He Yunxuan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ning Yunshan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Yan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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2
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Shirani M, Shariati S, Bazdar M, Sojoudi Ghamnak F, Moradi M, Shams Khozani R, Taki E, Arabsorkhi Z, Heidary M, Eskandari DB. The immunopathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer: a narrative review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1395403. [PMID: 39035439 PMCID: PMC11258019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1395403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC). Understanding the immunopathogenesis underlying this association is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review comprehensively explores the immunopathogenesis of H. pylori-induced GC by delving into several key aspects, emphasizing the pivotal roles played by H. pylori virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA), blood group antigen-binding adhesin (babA), and sialic acid binding adhesin (sabA). Moreover, the review focuses on the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines in the complex interplay between chronic infection and gastric carcinogenesis. Finally, the study examines the association between H. pylori evasion of the innate and adaptive immune response and development of GC. A comprehensive understanding of the immunopathogenesis of H. pylori-induced GC is essential for designing targeted interventions to prevent and manage this disease. Further research is warranted to elucidate the intricate immune responses involved and identify potential therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shariati
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Monireh Bazdar
- School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Melika Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Elahe Taki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Arabsorkhi
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Jafarzadeh A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M, Yoshimura A. The Interplay Between Helicobacter pylori and Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Molecules in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Induction of Immune Response. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13105. [PMID: 38924222 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach and leads to the secretion of a vast range of cytokines by infiltrated leukocytes directing immune/inflammatory response against the bacterium. To regulate immune/inflammatory responses, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins bind to multiple signaling components located downstream of cytokine receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Dysfunctional SOCS proteins in immune cells may facilitate the immune evasion of H. pylori, allowing the bacteria to induce chronic inflammation. Dysregulation of SOCS expression and function can contribute to the sustained H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation which can lead to gastric cancer (GC) development. Among SOCS molecules, dysregulated expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 were indicated in H. pylori-infected individuals as well as in GC tissues and cells. H. pylori-induced SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 dysregulation can contribute to the GC development. The expression of SOCS molecules can be influenced by various factors, such as epigenetic DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and gene polymorphisms. Modulation of the expression of SOCS molecules in gastric epithelial cells and immune cells can be considered to control gastric carcinogenesis as well as regulate antitumor immune responses, respectively. This review aimed to explain the interplay between H. pylori and SOCS molecules in GC development and immune response induction as well as to provide insights regarding potential therapeutic strategies modulating SOCS molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Guo Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Ke S, Xie F, Li D, Li B, Lu H. Increased infiltration of CD4 + IL-17A + FOXP3 + T cells in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350662. [PMID: 38366919 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the main predisposing factors for gastric cancer, causing chronic inflammation and proper glands atrophy in the gastric mucosa. Although H. pylori-induced inflammation is a key inducer of precancerous lesions in the gastric mucosa, it remains unclear which precise immune cell subsets are responsible for the progression of H. pylori-induced gastritis. Here, we observed an abundance of CD4+ IL-17A+ FOXP3+ T cells exhibiting a Th17-like phenotype within the microenvironment of H. pylori-induced gastritis. Mechanistically, H. pylori upregulated the expression of IL-6 in Dendritic cells and macrophages, by activating NF-κB signaling through the virulence factor CagA and thus, induced IL-17A expression in FOXP3+ T cells. Moreover, CD4+ IL-17A+ FOXP3+ T cells were positively associated with advanced precancerous lesions. Therefore, these findings offer essential insights into how FOXP3+ T cells sense inflammatory signals from the environment, such as IL-6, during H. pylori infections, thereby guiding the effector immune response and aggravating the gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyu Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Mostaghimi T, Bahadoran E, Bakht M, Taheri S, Sadeghi H, Babaei A. Role of lncRNAs in Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancers. Life Sci 2024; 336:122316. [PMID: 38035995 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC), and the role of co-infection with viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, in carcinogenesis cannot be ignored. Furthermore, it is now known that genetic factors such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many diseases, including GC. On the other side, they can also be used as therapeutic goals. Modified lncRNAs can cause aberrant expression of genes encoding proximal proteins, which are essential for the development of carcinoma. In this review, we present the most recent studies on lncRNAs in GC, concentrating on their roles in H. pylori and EBV infections, and discuss some of the molecular mechanisms of these GC-related pathogens. There was also a discussion of the research gaps and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh Mostaghimi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Bahadoran
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shiva Taheri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
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Valadbeigi H, Khoshnood S, Negahdari B, Abdullah MA, Haddadi MH. Antibacterial and Immunoregulatory Effects of Metformin against Helicobacter pylori Infection in Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5583286. [PMID: 38192437 PMCID: PMC10774005 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5583286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces gastritis by stimulating Th17 cells and related cytokines. The aim of our study was to investigate the synergistic effect of metformin with amoxicillin as an antibiotic in inhibiting H. pylori and modulating the immune response in a rat model. Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and infected with H. pylori. Over the course of 14 days, all animals were treated with metformin and amoxicillin alone and in combination. The antibacterial activity of metformin was evaluated by growth curves and colony counts. The immunoregulatory effect on Treg/Th17 balance was assessed by flow cytometry, and the cytokine profile of IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β, and IL-10 was determined by ELISA. The effect of metformin on gene expression of cagA and IL-8 was investigated by RT-PCR. Pathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results Metformin showed weak antibacterial activity against clinically isolated H. pylori. However, the combination of metformin and amoxicillin (AMX) showed strong synergistic antibacterial activity (ΣFIC = 0.24). Compared with AMX, metformin reduced inflammation and tissue damage but resulted in increased bacterial growth. During metformin administration, both TGF-β levels and Treg cells increased dramatically (P = 0.002). In synergy with AMX, metformin decreased the effective dose of antibiotic to eradicate H. pylori. Conclusions The combination of metformin with potential antibiotics such as AMX had a positive effect on the relief of H. pylori-related inflammation by inducing Treg cells while successfully eliminating H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Valadbeigi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- SciCo Science and Technology Center, Mody Rd 62. Yau Tsim Mong District, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Skakic I, Francis JE, Dekiwadia C, Aibinu I, Huq M, Taki AC, Walduck A, Smooker PM. An Evaluation of Urease A Subunit Nanocapsules as a Vaccine in a Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1652. [PMID: 38005984 PMCID: PMC10674275 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Using removable silica templates, protein nanocapsules comprising the A subunit of Helicobacter pylori urease (UreA) were synthesised. The templates were of two sizes, with solid core mesoporous shell (SC/MS) silica templates giving rise to nanocapsules of average diameter 510 nm and mesoporous (MS) silica templates giving rise to nanocapsules of average diameter 47 nm. Both were shown to be highly monodispersed and relatively homogenous in structure. Various combinations of the nanocapsules in formulation were assessed as vaccines in a mouse model of H. pylori infection. Immune responses were evaluated and protective efficacy assessed. It was demonstrated that vaccination of mice with the larger nanocapsules combined with an adjuvant was able to significantly reduce colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Skakic
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Jasmine E. Francis
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Ibukun Aibinu
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Department of Health, Science and Community, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Mohsina Huq
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya C. Taki
- Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Anna Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Peter M. Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, 264 Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.S.); (J.E.F.); (I.A.); (M.H.); (A.W.)
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Investigating the Active Substance and Mechanism of San-Jiu-Wei-Tai Granules via UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS and Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1487903. [PMID: 36299773 PMCID: PMC9592199 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1487903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
San-Jiu-Wei-Tai granules (SJWTG) are a significant Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of chronic gastritis (CG), having outstanding advantages in long-term treatment; however, the chemical composition and potential mechanism have not been investigated until now. In this study, a rapid separation and identification method based on UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS was established, and 95 chemical components from SJWTGs were identified, including 6 chemical components of an unknown source that are not derived from the 8 herbs included in SJWTGs. The identified chemical components were subsequently analysed by network pharmacology, suggesting that the core targets for the treatment of CG with SJWTGs were EGFR, SRC, AKT1, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 and thus indicating that SJWTGs could reduce the inflammatory response of gastric epithelial cells and prevent persistent chronic inflammation that induces cancerization by regulating the MAPK signalling pathway and the C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway as well as their upstream and downstream pathways in the treatment of CG. The key bioactive components in SJWTGs were identified as 2,6-bis(4-ethylphenyl)perhydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxanaphth-4-ylethane-1,2-diol, a chemical component of an unknown source, murrangatin, meranzin hydrate, paeoniflorin, and albiflorin. The results of molecular docking showed the strong binding interaction between the key bioactive components and the core targets, demonstrating that the key bioactive components deserve to be further studied and considered as Q-markers. By acting on multiple targets, SJWTG is less susceptible to drug resistance during the long-term treatment of CG, indicating the advantage of Chinese patent medicines. Furthermore, the preventive effect of SJWTGs on gastric cancer also demonstrates the superiority of preventive treatment of disease with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Rahimian G, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Mirzaei Y, Hussein Mer A, Ahmadi R, Azadegan-Dehkordi F. Relationship between mucosal TNF-α expression and Th1, Th17, Th22 and Treg responses in Helicobacter pylori infection. AMB Express 2022; 12:113. [PMID: 36057049 PMCID: PMC9440976 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric inflammation in the gastric mucosa and significantly increases the risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The objective of this research is to determine the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the gastric mucosa of patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis and PUD compared to uninfected patients, and we determined the relation between TNF-α expression and Th1/Th17/Th22, and Treg cells. Fifty-five patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis, 47 patients with H. pylori-associated PUD, and 48 uninfected patients were in this research. Antrum biopsy was used to detect H. pylori, virulence factors and histopathological assessments. Expression of TNF-α in the infected group was significantly higher than the uninfected group. Also, cagA/oipA-positive infected patients induce significantly more TNF-α expression than do cagA/oipA-negative infected patients. Expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PUD group than the gastritis group. Notably, TNF-α expression had a significant positive correlation with the frequency of Th1/Th17/Th22 lymphocytes in the PUD group. These findings indicate the importance of increasing TNF-α with Th1, Th17, Th22 responses increase as an important risk factor for PUD in context of H. pylori infection. Expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PUD group than the gastritis group. Notably, TNF-α expression had a significant positive correlation with the frequency of Th1/Th17/Th22 lymphocytes in the PUD group. These findings indicate the importance of increasing TNF-α with Th1, Th17, Th22 responses increase as an important risk factor for PUD in context of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali Hussein Mer
- Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Mohammadi A, Khanbabaei H, Zandi F, Ahmadi A, Haftcheshmeh SM, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A therapeutic strategy for targeting the Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sultan AM, Shenouda R, Sultan AM, Shehta A, Nabiel Y. The Relation Between Host TLR9 -1486T/C, rs187084 Gene Polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA Virulence Genes among Gastric Cancer Patients. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:35-42. [PMID: 35635169 PMCID: PMC9152911 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To identify the associations between different genotypes of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) with gastric cancer patients and reveal their relation to Helicobacter pylori virulence genes (cagA, sodB, hsp60 and vacA). Patients with gastric cancer were recruited to our study, diagnosed both endoscopically and histopathologically. H. pylori were isolated from gastric samples by culture and PCR amplification of the glmM gene. Virulence genes cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA were detected by multiplex PCR. Blood samples were used for genotyping of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) by PCR-RFLP. Out of 132 patients with gastric cancer, 106 (80.3%) were positive for H. pylori. A similar number of healthy participants was recruited as controls. The prevalence of cagA, sodB, hsp60, and vacA genes among H. pylori was 90.6%, 70.8%, 83.0%, and 95.3%, respectively. The vacA gene alleles had a prevalence of 95.3% for vacAs1/s2, 52.8% for vacAm1, and 42.5% for vacAm2. The CC genotype of TLR9 -1486T/C had a significantly higher frequency in gastric cancer patients when compared to healthy participants (p = 0.045). Furthermore, the CC genotype demonstrated a significant association with H. pylori strains carrying sodB, hsp60, and vacAm1 virulence genes (p = 0.021, p = 0.049, and p = 0.048 respectively). Patients with CC genotype of TLR9 -1486T/C (rs187084) might be at higher risk for the development of gastric cancer, and its co-existence with H. pylori strains carrying sodB, hsp60, or vacAm1 virulence genes might have a synergistic effect in the development of gastric cancer. Further studies on a wider scale are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Sultan
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ragy Shenouda
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Sultan
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shehta
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Yasmin Nabiel
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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12
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Irons EE, Cortes Gomez E, Andersen VL, Lau JTY. Bacterial colonization and TH17 immunity are shaped by intestinal sialylation in neonatal mice. Glycobiology 2022; 32:414-428. [PMID: 35157771 PMCID: PMC9022908 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the neonate host and its gut microbiome are central to the development of a healthy immune system. However, the mechanisms by which animals alter early colonization of microbiota for their benefit remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of early-life expression of the α2,6-sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 in microbiome phylogeny and mucosal immunity. Fecal, upper respiratory, and oral microbiomes of pups expressing or lacking St6gal1 were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. At weaning, the fecal microbiome of St6gal1-KO mice had reduced Clostridiodes, Coprobacillus, and Adlercreutzia, but increased Helicobacter and Bilophila. Pooled fecal microbiomes from syngeneic donors were transferred to antibiotic-treated wild-type mice, before analysis of recipient mucosal immune responses by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, microscopy, and ELISA. Transfer of St6gal1-KO microbiome induced a mucosal Th17 response, with expression of T-bet and IL-17, and IL-22-dependent gut lengthening. Early life intestinal sialylation was characterized by RT-qPCR, immunoblot, microscopy, and sialyltransferase enzyme assays in genetic mouse models at rest or with glucocorticoid receptor modulators. St6gal1 expression was greatest in the duodenum, where it was mediated by the P1 promoter and efficiently inhibited by dexamethasone. Our data show that the inability to produce α2,6-sialyl ligands contributes to microbiome-dependent Th17 inflammation, highlighting a pathway by which the intestinal glycosylation regulates mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Irons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Valerie L Andersen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Corresponding author: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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14
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Miftahussurur M, Waskito LA, Fauzia KA, Mahmudah I, Doohan D, Adnyana IK, Khomsan A, Ratnasari N, Rezkitha YAA. Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Indonesia: What Distinguishes It from Countries with High Gastric Cancer Incidence? Gut Liver 2021; 15:653-665. [PMID: 32616679 PMCID: PMC8444112 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacterpylori infects more than half the human population. However, the prevalence in Indonesia is low, as is the prevalence of gastric cancer. Hence, it could be instructive to compare these prevalence rates and their determining factors with those of countries that have high gastric cancer incidence. Ethnicity and genetic characteristics of H. pylori are important determinants of the H. pylori infection rate in Indonesia. The infection rate is higher in Bataknese, Papuans and Buginese than in Javanese, the predominant ethnic group. Ethnicity is also an important determinant of the genetic characteristics of H. pylori. Analysis of CagA in the EPIYA segment showed that the predominant genotypes in Papuans, Bataknese and Buginese are ABB-, ABD- and ABC-type CagA, respectively. Meanwhile, in the countries with high gastric cancer incidence, almost all strains had East Asian type CagA. An antibiotic susceptibility evaluation showed that the standard triple therapy can still be used with caution in several cities. There is a very high rate of resistance to second-line regimens such as levofloxacin and metronidazole. Recent studies have shown that furazolidone, rifabutin and sitafloxacin are potential alternative treatments for antibiotic-resistant H. pylori infection in Indonesia. Rather than focusing on early detection and eradication as in countries with high gastric cancer prevalence, countries with low gastric cancer prevalence should focus on screening the several groups that have a high risk of gastric cancer. (Gut Liver 2021;15:-665)
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Isna Mahmudah
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dalla Doohan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I Ketut Adnyana
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ali Khomsan
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Neneng Ratnasari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
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15
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Construction and Validation of a Novel Prognostic Signature for Intestinal Type of Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5567392. [PMID: 34422135 PMCID: PMC8376432 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5567392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Intestinal type of gastric cancer (IGC) is the largest subtype of gastric cancer (GC) by Lauren classification. The purpose of this present study was to construct a prognostic signature for IGC patients, based on the high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and IGC tissues, to improve and enhance the prognostic accuracy. Methods The microarray datasets and associated clinical characteristics of HGD and IGC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Based on the differential expression analysis between HGD and IGC, the prognostic-related differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified in a training set by univariate COX regression analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to construct an optimal prognostic signature. The enrichment analysis was performed by using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The performance of the nomogram was assessed by the calibration curve and concordance index (C-index). The results were validated by using a testing set. Results We identified 35 prognostic-related DGEs in the training set. The nine-gene signature was established by LASSO analysis. The nine-gene signature was an independent risk factor in both the training and testing sets. The areas under the curve (AUC) values of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were 0.733 and 0.700 for the training and testing sets, respectively. In GSEA analysis, the gene expression in high-risk group was enriched in hedgehog signaling, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. The nomogram for IGC showed good performance with C-index of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.86) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.63-0.77) in the training and testing sets, respectively. Conclusion We identified and verified a nine-gene signature for the prognostic prediction of IGC patients, which might identify subgroups of IGC patients and select more suitable therapeutic options.
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Frequency of virulence-associated genotypes of Helicobacter pylori and their correlation with clinical outcome and histological parameters in infected patients. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07610. [PMID: 34355101 PMCID: PMC8322292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative which can cause several gastroduodenal diseases, including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). H. pylori specific genotypes have been related to increased occurrence of gastritis and PUD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of the major virulence factors of H. pylori with clinical outcomes and histological parameters in Iranian patients. Totally, 200 subjects with PUD and gastritis disease who underwent gastroduodenal endoscopy were enrolled in this study. The presence of the cagA, vacA, oipA, babA2, and iceA genes in antral gastric biopsy specimens were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the results were compared with clinical outcomes and histological parameters. The frequency of babA2 + , oipA + , vacA s1/m2, and vacA m2 genes was significantly higher in patients with peptic ulcer disease compared with patients with gastritis. In contrast, the frequency of vacA s1/m1 gene was significantly higher in gastritis subjects than PUD subjects. The high-density scores of H. pylori were strongly associated with iceA1 ¯ , babA2 + , and oipA + genes. Additionally, the high polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and high mononuclear cell infiltration scores were strongly associated with the cagA + , iceA1 ¯ , oipA + genes and cagA + , babA2 + , oipA + genes, respectively. Our study indicated that the vacA, babA2, and oipA virulence factors are related to a higher risk of PUD in subjects with H. pylori-infection. Infection with these strains was associated with a more severe gastropathy.
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Kalani M, Kouhpayeh SA, Shamsdin SA, Jamshidi J, Choopanizadeh M, Keighobadi G, Moravej A. Association of interleukin-17 A gene variants and susceptibility to H. pylori related gastric diseases. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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18
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The Roles of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in the Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastrointestinal Inflammation: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050315. [PMID: 33924897 PMCID: PMC8147029 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although millions of people have been infected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), only a small proportion of infected individuals will develop adverse outcomes, ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. Advanced development of the disease has been well-linked with chronic inflammation, which is significantly impacted by the adaptive and humoral immunity response. From the perspective of cellular immunity, this review aims to clarify the intricate axis between IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in H. pylori-related diseases and the pathogenesis of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. CD4+ helper T (Th)-17 cells, with the hallmark pleiotropic cytokine IL-17, can affect antimicrobial activity and the pathogenic immune response in the gut environment. These circumstances cannot be separated, as the existence of affiliated cytokines, including IL-21 and IL-23, help maintain Th17 and accommodate humoral immune cells. Comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interaction between molecular host responses in H. pylori-related diseases and the inflammation process may facilitate further development of immune-based therapy.
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New insights into regulatory B cells biology in viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104753. [PMID: 33545392 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are primarily well known for their contribution to immunity by antibody production, antigen presentation and, the production of cytokines. In recent years several studies demonstrated the existence of B cells with regulatory functions, which have been termed regulatory B cells (Bregs), similar to regulatory T cells (Tregs). Bregs are a subpopulation of B cells that have immunosuppressive effects via the production of regulatory cytokines including interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-35. Bregs limit host defense against various pathogens. In addition, Bregs contribute to increased levels of regulatory cytokines and leads to an induction of suppressive Tregs, which exert broader suppressive functions against various pathogens. The high percentage of Bregs is positively associated with viral and bacterial load and can contribute to poor vaccine responses. Bregs can also facilitate pathogen survival at an early stage of infection, and subsequently cause increased severity of disease by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production, macrophage activation, and inflammatory T cells activation such as Th1, Th17, and Th22. Also, Bregs afford protection against the hyper-inflammatory response in parasitic infections. Here we review the central role of Bregs in many major bacterial and viral human infections, and provide an overview of the immunoregulatory mechanisms used by Bregs.
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Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Shirzad H, Ahmadi R, Bashash D, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Luzza F, Larussa T, Nahid-Samiei M, Rahimian G, Shafigh MH, Bagheri N. Increased Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase expression modulates Th1/Th17/Th22 and Treg pathway in humans with Helicobacter Pylori-Infected gastric mucosa. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:46-53. [PMID: 33127161 PMCID: PMC8414194 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE Indoleamine 2, 3- dioxygenase (IDO) plays an importantrole in immunosuppressive pathway, as inhibits responsesof T cells and promotes immune tolerance. Host responsetoHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is involved in the infection persistenceand it is also associatedwith different clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IDO in H. pylori-infected patients with gastritis diseases and peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) through the assessment of the relationship among IDO protein expression and the numbers of T helper (Th)-1, Th17, Th22, and T regulator (Treg) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antrum biopsy was obtained from H. pylori-negative patients (n = 48) and H. pylori-positive subjects (55 patients with gastritis and 47 patients with PUD), for performing H. pylori status and histopathological assessments. IDO protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS IDO protein expression was significantly higher in gastric biopsies from H. pylori-positive subjects compared to the H. pylori-negative subjects, and also in H. pylori-positive subjects with gastritis disease compared to H. pylori-positive subjects with PUD. Moreover, in H. pylori-positive subjects, a positive correlation was observed between IDO protein expression and the frequency of Treg cells. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between IDO protein expression and the number of Th1, Th17, and Th22. CONCLUSION Increased IDO protein expression is able to change the number of Th1, Th17, Th22, and Treg cells and these changes are possibly associated with an increase in the risk of PUD development in H. pylori-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mahboobeh Nahid-Samiei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hadi Shafigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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21
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Yang X, Mathis BJ, Huang Y, Li W, Shi Y. KLF4 Promotes Diabetic Chronic Wound Healing by Suppressing Th17 Cell Differentiation in an MDSC-Dependent Manner. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7945117. [PMID: 34568499 PMCID: PMC8457977 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7945117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic wound inflammation deficiencies lead to ulcer development and eventual amputation and disability. Our previous research demonstrates that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate during inflammation and promote chronic wound healing via the regulation of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential roles of MDSCs and KLF4 in diabetic wound healing. METHODS An ob/ob mouse pressure ulcer (PU) model was used to evaluate the process of wound healing. The expression levels of KLF4 and IL-17A were measured by real-time PCR, and the population of MDSCs and Th17 cells was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines were determined by an immunosuppression assay. RESULTS KLF4 deficiency in the diabetic PU model resulted in decreased accumulation of MDSCs, increased expansion of Th17 cells, and significantly delayed wound healing. Conversely, KLF4 activation by APTO-253 accelerated wound healing accompanied by increased MDSC populations and decreased numbers of Th17 cells. MDSCs have been proven to mediate Th17 differentiation via cytokines, and our in vitro data showed that elevated KLF4 expression in MDSCs resulted in reduced Th17 cell numbers and, thus, decreased levels of cytokines indispensable for Th17 differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a previously unreported function of KLF4-regulated MDSCs in diabetic wound healing and identified APTO-253 as a potential agent to improve the healing of pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Bryan J. Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Affiliated Hospital, Japan
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
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Xie J, Wen J, Chen C, Luo M, Hu B, Wu D, Ye J, Lin Y, Ning L, Ning Y, Li Y. Notch 1 Is Involved in CD4 + T Cell Differentiation Into Th1 Subtype During Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:575271. [PMID: 33224898 PMCID: PMC7667190 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.575271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces CD4+ T differentiation cells into IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells. However, the details of mechanism underlying this process remain unclear. Notch signal pathway has been reported to regulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 subtype in many Th1-mediated inflammatory disorders but not yet in H. pylori infection. In the present study, the mRNA expression pattern of CD4+ T cells in H. pylori-infected patients differed from that of healthy control using Human Signal Transduction Pathway Finder RT2 Profiler PCR Array, and this alteration was associated with Notch signal pathway, as analyzed by Bioinformation. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expression of Notch1 and its target gene Hes-1 in CD4+ T cells of H. pylori-infected individuals increased compared with the healthy controls. In addition, the mRNA expression of Th1 master transcription factor T-bet and Th1 signature cytokine IFN-γ was both upregulated in H. pylori-infected individuals and positively correlated with Notch1 expression. The increased protein level of Notch1 and IFN-γ were also observed in H. pylori-infected individuals confirmed by flow cytometry and ELISA. In vitro, inhibition of Notch signaling decreased the mRNA expression of Notch1, Hes-1, T-bet, and IFN-γ, and reduced the protein levels of Notch1 and IFN-γ and the secretion of IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells stimulated by H. pylori. Collectively, this is the first evidence that Notch1 is upregulated and involved in the differentiation of Th1 cells during H. pylori infection, which will facilitate exploiting Notch1 as a therapeutic target for the control of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Xinhui People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Junjie Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxi Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqun Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlin Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Alkarkoushi RR, Hui Y, Tavakoli AS, Singh U, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Chatzistamou I, Bam M, Testerman TL. Immune and microRNA responses to Helicobacter muridarum infection and indole-3-carbinol during colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4763-4785. [PMID: 32921956 PMCID: PMC7459201 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i32.4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists are known to modulate the immune system and ameliorate various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in animal models, including colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents or diagnostic elements. Enterohepatic Helicobacter (EHH) species are associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, but little is known about how these species affect the immune system or response to treatment.
AIM To determine whether infection with an EHH species alters the response to I3C and how the immune and miRNA responses of an EHH species compare with responses to DSS and inflammatory bowel disease.
METHODS We infected C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter muridarum (H. muridarum), with and without DSS and I3C treatment. Pathological responses were evaluated by histological examination, symptom scores, and cytokine responses. MiRNAs analysis was performed on mesenteric lymph nodes to further evaluate the regional immune response.
RESULTS H. muridarum infection alone caused colonic inflammation and upregulated proinflammatory, macrophage-associated cytokines in the colon similar to changes seen in DSS-treated mice. Further upregulation occurred upon treatment with DSS. H. muridarum infection caused broad changes in mesenteric lymph node miRNA expression, but colitis-associated miRNAs were regulated similarly in H. muridarum-infected and uninfected, DSS-treated mice. In spite of causing colitis exacerbation, H. muridarum infection did not prevent disease amelioration by I3C. I3C normalized both macrophage- and T cell-associated cytokines.
CONCLUSION Thus, I3C may be useful for inflammatory bowel disease patients regardless of EHH infection. The miRNA changes associated with I3C treatment are likely the result of, rather than the cause of immune response changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Raheem Alkarkoushi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Abbas S Tavakoli
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Udai Singh
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Marpe Bam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Traci L Testerman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
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Sanaei MJ, Shirzad H, Soltani A, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Shafigh MH, Rahimian G, Mirzaei Y, Bagheri N. Up-regulated CCL18, CCL28 and CXCL13 Expression is Associated with the Risk of Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease in Helicobacter Pylori infection. Am J Med Sci 2020; 361:43-54. [PMID: 32928496 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes inflammation and increases the risk of developing peptic ulcer disease (PUD); however, the exact molecular mechanisms of PUD development remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CCL18, CCL28, and CXCL13 in H. pylori-positive subjects in comparison with H. pylori-negative subjects, and to determine its association with different clinical outcomes and virulence factors. METHODS In total, 55 H. pylori-positive subjects with gastritis, 47 H. pylori-positive subjects with PUD, and 48 H. pylori-negative subjects were enrolled in this study. CCL18, CCL28, and CXCL13 expression were determined using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The virulence factors of H. pylori such as cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), outer inflammatory protein A (oipA), blood group antigen-binding adhesin (babA), and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) genes were evaluated using PCR. RESULTS CCL18, CCL28, and CXCL13 expression in H. pylori-positive subjects were significantly higher than H. pylori-negative subjects. CCL18 and CXCL13 expression in H. pylori-positive subjects with oipA+ and babA2+were significantly higher than H. pylori-positive subjects with oipA¯ and babA2¯. CCL18 and CXCL13 expression were found to be significantly elevated in H. pylori-positive subjects with gastritis compared with H. pylori-positive subjects with PUD. CCL28 expression was significantly higher in H. pylori-positive subjects with PUD compared with H. pylori-positive subjects with gastritis. CONCLUSIONS The increased of CCL18 and CXCL13 may be involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated gastritis, while the increased of CCL28 may be involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated PUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Amin Soltani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Hadi Shafigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Nahid-Samiei M, Rahimian G, Shafigh M, Taheri F, Karami-Hurestani M, Sanaei MJ, Heshmati M, Bagheri N. Enhanced Frequency of CD19+IL-10+B Cells in Human Gastric Mucosa Infected by Helicobacter pylori. Am J Med Sci 2020; 359:347-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Guillermo Espinoza-Contreras J, Idalia Torres-Ruiz M, Ariel Waller-González L, De Jesús Ramírez-García J, Torres-López J, Ventura-Juárez J, Verónica Moreno-Córdova E, Ernesto López-Ramos J, Humberto Muñoz-Ortega M, Eugenia Vargas-Camaño M, González-Segovia R. Immunological markers and Helicobacter pylori in patients with stomach cancer: Expression and correlation. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:233-243. [PMID: 32257186 PMCID: PMC7100142 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and ICOS-L (also referred to as B7 homolog 1 and 2, respectively) modulate the immune inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression levels of these inflammatory mediators in two groups of patients with an Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection; patients with and without gastric cancer. The association between bacterial virulence factors, CagA and VacA, was also examined, as well as their correlation with the inflammatory profile. Endoscopy analysis indicated that 18 patients suffered from cancer and 28 patients suffered from other gastric pathologies. PCR and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to analyze gastric biopsies and determine the expression levels of the inflammatory modulators PD-L1 and ICOS-L, transcription factors, cytokines and other genes associated with inflammation and pathogenicity. All 46 patients were determined positive for markers of H. pylori. Patients with stomach cancer had lower levels of ICOS-L (P<0.05) and GATA3 (P<0.01), a negative correlation between CagA and IL-17 (P<0.05), a positive correlation between CagA and IL-10 (P<0.05), a negative correlation between vacA-m1 and retinoid orphan receptor γt (RORγt) (P<0.001), and a positive correlation between RORγt and ICOS-L (P<0.001). The reduced levels of ICOS-L and GATA3 along with the negative correlation between CagA and IL-17, and between vacA-m1 and RORγt were all associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in the present cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Idalia Torres-Ruiz
- Departamento de Endoscopia, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, CP 03229, México
| | - Luis Ariel Waller-González
- Departamento de Endoscopia, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, CP 03229, México
| | | | - Javier Torres-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría, IMSS, Ciudad de México, CP 06720, México
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Ags, CP 20131, México
| | | | - Juan Ernesto López-Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Ags, CP 20131, México
| | | | - María Eugenia Vargas-Camaño
- Servicio de Inmunología Clínica y Alergía, Centro Médico Nacional 20 Noviembre ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, CP 03229, México
| | - Rodolfo González-Segovia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Ags, CP 20131, México
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Precancerous Gastric Lesions with Helicobacter pylori vacA +/ babA2 +/ oipA + Genotype Increase the Risk of Gastric Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7243029. [PMID: 32149129 PMCID: PMC7049835 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7243029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The clinical outcomes of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer have been attributed to the interplay of virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), host genetic susceptibility, and host immune responses. This study investigated the presence of cagA, vacA, iceA2, babA2, and oipA genes and their association with clinical outcomes. Methods Chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia specimens were obtained from patients who underwent endoscopy and surgical resection between January 2017 and December 2018; specimens from gastric cancer patients treated between January 2014 and December 2018 were also added. H. pylori), host genetic susceptibility, and host immune responses. This study investigated the presence of cagA, vacA, iceA2, babA2, and oipA genes and their association with clinical outcomes. H. pylori), host genetic susceptibility, and host immune responses. This study investigated the presence of Results H. pylori), host genetic susceptibility, and host immune responses. This study investigated the presence of vacA, babA2, and oipA genes and their association with clinical outcomes. vacA, babA2, and oipA genes and their association with clinical outcomes. P=0.033, OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.44–4.82, P=0.033, OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.44–4.82, P=0.033, OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.44–4.82, H. pylori vacA+/babA2, and oipA genes and their association with clinical outcomes. P=0.033, OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.44–4.82, Conclusion In this present study, we reported on the virulence genes of H. pylori infection to reveal their association with increased risk of chronic gastritis, precancerous gastric lesions, and gastric cancer. Precancerous gastric lesions with H. pylori vacA+/babA2+/oipA+ genotype increased the risk of gastric cancer.H. pylori), host genetic susceptibility, and host immune responses. This study investigated the presence of H. pylori vacA+/babA2, and oipA genes and their association with clinical outcomes.
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Nemattalab M, Shenagari M, Taheri M, Mahjoob M, Nazari Chamaki F, Mojtahedi A, Hasan-Alizadeh E, Ashrafkhani B, Mousavi Niri N. Co-expression of Interleukin-17A molecular adjuvant and prophylactic Helicobacter pylori genetic vaccine could cause sterile immunity in Treg suppressed mice. Cytokine 2020; 126:154866. [PMID: 31629103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in human stomach cancer has led to global efforts to eradicate this pathogen. Recent studies have confirmed the importance of some cytokines such as Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and Interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis of the so-called bacterium. This study was designed to compare the effects of Type 1T helper (Th1), Type 2T helper (Th2) cells, Regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) modulatory effects on the efficacy of designed H. pylori vaccine by incorporating some molecular adjuvants in Treg competent and Treg suppressed groups. A bicistronic vector was used for simultaneous expression of codon-optimized Outer inflammatory protein a (OipA) gene and modified mice IL-18, IL-17A, IL-22 and Foxp3 (forkhead box P3) cytokines from four cassettes. Immunization of mice groups was performed using produced plasmids intradermally. Specific IgG1 and IgG2 and IgA antibody titers produced in mice were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera and intestine obtained four weeks after the last immunization. After being stimulated with a mixture of both anti-CD28 mAb and H. pylori lysate, frequencies of single Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ), single IL-17 and dual IFN-γ/IL-17-secreting T-cells were documented using dual-color FluoroSpot. The kinetics of Th1, Th2 and Th17 in the immunized animals was determined by relative quantification of IL-17A, IL-22, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-2 and IL-4 specific mRNAs. Four weeks after bacterial challenge, quantitative colony count in the isolated and homogenized stomachs was utilized to assess the level of protective immunity among all groups. The results of immunologic assays showed that the highest cell-mediated immunity cytokines were produced in IL-17 receiving group in which the Treg responses were suppressed previously by the administration of the Foxp3 as an immunogen. In addition, potent clearance of Helicobacter pylori infection was seen in this group as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nemattalab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shenagari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Taheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahjoob
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mojtahedi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Babak Ashrafkhani
- Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Neda Mousavi Niri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Sanaii A, Shirzad H, Haghighian M, Rahimian G, Soltani A, Shafigh M, Tahmasbi K, Bagheri N. Role of Th22 cells in Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5703-5712. [PMID: 31359381 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been shown to be one of the leading causes of peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs) and gastritis. T helper-22 (Th22) cells and its most important cytokine, interleukin-22 (IL-22) are importantly active in inflammation and inflammatory tissues. Since inflammation is one of the main attributes of infection caused by H. pylori and resulting complications (gastritis and gastrointestinal ulcer), this study was designed to evaluate the Th22 cells count and the IL-22 protein expression in people suffering from PUD and gastritis. The present study was conducted on 55 patients with gastritis, 47 patients with PUD and 48 uninfected subjects. After preparation of section and extraction of protein from antral biopsies, immunohistochemistry and western blot methods were used to evaluate the Th22 cells and IL-22 protein expression level, respectively. According to findings, the Th22 cells count and the IL-22 protein expression level in the infected subjects were siginficantly more than in the uninfected subjects. It should be noted that the Th22 cells count and the IL-22 protein expression level in the infected subjects with PUD were significantly greater than those in the infected subjects with gastritis. In addition, the Th22 cells count had positive correlation with the density of H. pylori, chronic inflammation score and acute inflammatory score in the infected subjects with PUD. The Th22 cells count had positive correlation with the Th17 cells count and inverse correlation with the Treg cells count in the infected subjects with PUD and gastritis. Our data demonstrated that abnormal hyper-activation of Th22 cells as well as its correlation with the Th17 cells during infection caused by H. pylori might damage tissues through immunopathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sanaii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Haghighian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Soltani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammadhadi Shafigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kamran Tahmasbi
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Schwartz DJ, Rebeck ON, Dantas G. Complex interactions between the microbiome and cancer immune therapy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:567-585. [PMID: 31526274 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1660303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology has rapidly grown in the last thirty years, and immunotherapeutic agents are now approved to treat many disparate cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are employed to augment cytotoxic anti-cancer activity by inhibiting negative regulatory elements of the immune system. Modulating the immune system to target neoplasms has improved survivability of numerous cancers in many individuals, but forecasting outcomes post therapy is difficult due to insufficient predictive biomarkers. Recently, the tumor and gastrointestinal microbiome and immune milieu have been investigated as predictors and influencers of cancer immune therapy. In this review, we discuss: (1) ways to measure the microbiome including relevant bioinformatic analyses, (2) recent developments in animal studies and human clinical trials utilizing gut microbial composition and function as biomarkers of cancer immune therapy response and toxicity, and (3) using prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) to modulate immune therapy. We discuss the respective benefits of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing including important considerations in obtaining samples and in designing and interpreting human and animal microbiome studies. We then focus on studies discussing the differences in response to ICIs in relation to the microbiome and inflammatory mediators. ICIs cause colitis in up to 25% of individuals, and colitis is often refractory to common immunosuppressive medications. Researchers have measured microbiota composition prior to ICI therapy and correlated baseline microbiota composition with efficacy and colitis. Certain bacterial taxa that appear to enhance therapeutic benefit are also implicated in increased susceptibility to colitis, alluding to a delicate balance between pro-inflammatory tumor killing and anti-inflammatory protection from colitis. Pre-clinical and clinical models have trialed probiotic administration, e.g. Bifidobacterium spp. or FMT, to treat colitis when immune suppressive agents fail. We are excited about the future of modulating the microbiome to predict and influence cancer outcomes. Furthermore, novel therapies employed for other illnesses including bacteriophage and genetically-engineered microbes can be adapted in the future to promote increased advancements in cancer treatment and side effect management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew J Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Olivia N Rebeck
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , MO , USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , MO , USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Xu SN, Chen X, Sun YT, Li GX. Peptic ulcer complicated with hypertension: Diagnosis, treatment, and changes in immunologic function. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1095-1099. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i17.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer (PU) and hypertension, known as two clinically common diseases, often develop simultaneously. This paper introduces the status quo of the diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive patients with PU, and also expounds the progress in the understanding of the changes in the mucosal immune function and cellular immune function, with an aim to shed some light on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PU with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Tian Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guo-Xiong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
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Peng X, Zhang R, Wang C, Yu F, Yu M, Chen S, Fan Q, Xi Y, Duan G. E. coli Enterotoxin LtB Enhances Vaccine-Induced Anti- H. pylori Protection by Promoting Leukocyte Migration into Gastric Mucus via Inflammatory Lesions. Cells 2019; 8:E982. [PMID: 31461854 PMCID: PMC6770474 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies indicate that the anti-H. pylori protective efficacy of oral vaccines to a large extent depends on using mucosal adjuvants like E. coli heat-lable enterotoxin B unit (LtB). However, the mechanism by which Th17/Th1-driven cellular immunity kills H. pylori and the role of LtB remains unclear. Here, two L.lactis strains, expressing H. pylori NapA and LtB, respectively, were orally administrated to mice. As observed, the administration of LtB significantly enhanced the fecal SIgA level and decreased gastric H. pylori colonization, but also markedly aggravated gastric inflammatory injury. Both NapA group and NapA+LtB group had elevated splenocyte production of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 and INF-γ. Notably, gastric leukocytes' migration or leakage into the mucus was observed more frequently in NapA+LtB group than in NapA group. This report is the first that discusses how LtB enhances vaccine-induced anti-H. pylori efficacy by aggravating gastric injury and leukocytes' movement into the mucus layer. Significantly, it brings up a novel explanation for the mechanism underlying mucosal cellular immunity destroying the non-invasive pathogens. More importantly, the findings suggest the necessity to further evaluate LtB's potential hazards to humans before extending its applications. Thus, this report can provide considerable impact on the fields of mucosal immunology and vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong 675005, China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingtang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanlin Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Bagheri N, Shirzad H, Mirzaei Y, Nahid-Samiei M, Sanaei M, Rahimian G, Shafigh M, Zandi F, Tahmasbi K, Razavi A. T-bet + Cells Polarization in Patients Infected with Helicobacter pylori Increase the Risk of Peptic Ulcer Development. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:113-121. [PMID: 31495388 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disease worldwide moreover known as stomach ulcer or peptic ulcer. Increased the number of T CD4+ helper cells in response to gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) play an important role in the development of PUD. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of T-bet+ cells in H. pylori-infection, its interaction with Th17/Treg cells and its association with the clinical consequences of the infection. METHODS A total of 63 patients with PUD, 89 patients with gastritis and 48 H. pylori-negative subjects were enrolled in this study. The number of T-bet+ cells were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The numbers of T-bet+ cells and INF-γ expression in infected patients were significantly higher than uninfected. Moreover, the number of T-bet+ cells and INF-γ expression in infected patients with PUD were significantly higher than infected patients with gastritis. Additionally, the number of T-bet+ cells and INF-γ expression were found to be inversely correlated with degree of H. pylori density and chronic inflammation score (CIS) in infected patients with gastritis disease, but this correlation was positive in the infected patients with PUD. The number of T-bet+ cells was found to be positively correlated with the number of Th17 cells and inversely correlated with the number of Treg cells in infected patients with gastritis and PUD. CONCLUSION Abnormal hyper-activation of T-bet+ cells during H. pylori-infection may lead to tissue damage caused by immunopathologic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mahboobeh Nahid-Samiei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Sanaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammadhadi Shafigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farid Zandi
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Tahmasbi
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Arginase-1 and Treg Profile Appear to Modulate Inflammatory Process in Patients with Chronic Gastritis: IL-33 May Be the Alarm Cytokine in H. pylori-Positive Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2536781. [PMID: 31320834 PMCID: PMC6610761 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2536781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly prevalent bacterium in our environment, directly involved in various upper digestive tract diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Several molecules activating the immune system have been reported to be involved in containing H. pylori infection. This study is aimed at analyzing the mRNA expression of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-33; transcription factors T-bet, RORC, and FOXP3; enzymes ARG1, ARG2, and NOS2; and neuropeptides VIP and TAC and their respective receptors VIPR1 and TACR1 in the stomach lining of patients with severe digestive disorders. One hundred and twenty six patients have been evaluated, presenting with symptoms in the upper digestive tract, with the clinical indication for an Upper Digestive Endoscopy exam. Two fragments of the mucosa of the gastric body and antrum have been collected for anatomopathological examination and to analyze the expression of enzymes, cytokines, and transcription factors using qPCR. Expression of the ARG1 gene was seen as significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic inactive gastritis than in the control group. Expression of the TGF-β gene and its FOXP3 transcription factor was significantly higher in the group of chronic inactive gastritis patients than in the control. Expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β and the transcription factors, T-bet and RORC, in the presence or absence of H. pylori showed no significant difference. However, the expression of FOXP3 was significantly lower in H. pylori-positive patients than that in H. pylori-negative patients. ARG1 and Treg profile appeared to be modulating the inflammatory process, protecting patients from the tissue lesions with chronic inactive gastritis. Furthermore, we suggest that IL-33 may be a crucial mediator of the immune response against an infection, after gastric mucosal damage.
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Associations of a NLRP3 rs10754558 Polymorphism with Helicobacter pylori-Infected Patients with Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.88231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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36
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Bagheri N, Sadeghiani M, Rahimian G, Mahsa M, Shafigh M, Rafieian-kopaei M, Shirzad H. Correlation between expression of MMP-9 and MMP-3 in Helicobacter pylori infected patients with different gastroduodenal diseases. Arab J Gastroenterol 2018; 19:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Karkhah A, Ebrahimpour S, Rostamtabar M, Koppolu V, Darvish S, Vasigala VKR, Validi M, Nouri HR. Helicobacter pylori evasion strategies of the host innate and adaptive immune responses to survive and develop gastrointestinal diseases. Microbiol Res 2018; 218:49-57. [PMID: 30454658 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterial pathogen that resides in more than half of the human population and has co-evolved with humans for more than 58,000 years. This bacterium is orally transmitted during childhood and is a key cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and two malignant cancers including MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. Despite the strong innate and adaptive immune responses, H. pylori has a long-term survival in the gastric mucosa. In addition to the virulence factors, survival of H. pylori is strongly influenced by the ability of bacteria to escape, disrupt and manipulate the host immune system. This bacterium can escape from recognition by innate immune receptors via altering its surface molecules. Moreover, H. pylori subverts adaptive immune response by modulation of effector T cell. In this review, we discuss the immune-pathogenicity of H. pylori by focusing on its ability to manipulate the innate and acquired immune responses to increase its survival in the gastric mucosa, leading up to gastrointestinal disorders. We also highlight the mechanisms that resulted to the persistence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Karkhah
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Rostamtabar
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Veerendra Koppolu
- Scientist Biopharmaceutical Development Medimmune Gaithersburg, MD, 20878 USA
| | - Sorena Darvish
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Majid Validi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Blosse A, Lehours P, Wilson KT, Gobert AP. Helicobacter: Inflammation, immunology, and vaccines. Helicobacter 2018; 23 Suppl 1:e12517. [PMID: 30277626 PMCID: PMC6310010 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces a chronic gastric inflammation which can lead to gastric ulcers and cancer. The mucosal immune response to H. pylori is first initiated by the activation of gastric epithelial cells that respond to numerous bacterial factors, such as the cytotoxin-associated gene A or the lipopolysaccharide intermediate heptose-1,7-bisphosphate. The response of these cells is orchestrated by different receptors including the intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 or the extracellular epidermal growth factor receptor. This nonspecific response leads to recruitment and activation of various myeloid (macrophages and dendritic cells) and T cells (T helper-17 and mucosal-associated invariant T cells), which magnify and maintain inflammation. In this review, we summarize the major advances made in the past year regarding the induction, the regulation, and the role of the innate and adaptive immune responses to H. pylori infection. We also recapitulate efforts that have been made to develop efficient vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blosse
- INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, TN, USA
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Bagheri N, Salimzadeh L, Shirzad H. The role of T helper 1-cell response in Helicobacter pylori-infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:1-8. [PMID: 29936093 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human pathogen affecting over 50% of the world population. This pathogen is usually associated with chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that can lead to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC), especially in susceptible individuals. These outcomes have been attributed to the interaction of several factors, including host genetic susceptibility, local innate and adaptive immune responses, virulence factors of H. pylori, and environmental factors. T helper (Th) cell subsets and their signature cytokines especially IFN-γ, contribute to anti-bacterial response, but at the mean time sustaining chronic inflammatory responses in the site of infection. It has been acknowledged that H. pylori-infection results in a Th1-dominant response and that inflammation of the gastric mucosa depends mainly on Th1 cell responses. But, the mechanism of the role of Th1 cell responses in H. pylori-infection has not yet been clearly explained. In this review, we will focus on the role of Th1 involved in H. pylori-infection, its interaction with Th17/Treg cells and its association with the clinical consequences of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Loghman Salimzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Shohan M, Elahi S, Shirzad H, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Bagheri N, Soltani E. Th9 Cells: Probable players in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Int Rev Immunol 2018; 37:192-205. [PMID: 29672174 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1457659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes represent an important part of adaptive immune system undertaking different functions to regulate immune responses. CD4+ T cells are the most important activator cells in inflammatory conditions. Depending on the type of induced cells and inflamed sites, expression and activity of different subtypes of helper T cells are changed. Recent studies have confirmed the existence of a new subset of helper T lymphocytes called Th9. Naive T cells can differentiate into Th9 subtypes if they are exposed simultaneously by interleukin (IL) 4 and transforming growth factor β and also secondary activation of a complicated network of transcription factors such as interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and Smads which are essential for adequate induction of this phenotype. Th9 cells specifically produce interleukin 9 and their probable roles in promoting intestinal inflammation are being investigated in human subjects and experimental models of ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, infiltration of Th9 cells, overexpression of IL-9, and certain genes associated with Th9 differentiation have been demonstrated in inflammatory microenvironment of UC. Intestinal oversecretion of IL-9 protein is likely to break down epithelial barriers and compromise tolerance to certain commensal microorganisms which leads to inflammation. Th9 pathogenicity has not yet been adequately explored in UC and they are far from being considered as inflammatory cells in this milieu, therefore precise understanding the role of these newly identified cells in particular their potential role in gut pathogenesis may enable us to develop novel therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel disease. So, this article tries to discuss the latest knowledge on the above-mentioned field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shohan
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- b Department of Dentistry , Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- c Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- d Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Emad Soltani
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
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