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Naderi A, Kakavandi B, Giannakis S, Angelidaki I, Rezaei Kalantary R. Putting the electro-bugs to work: A systematic review of 22 years of advances in bio-electrochemical systems and the parameters governing their performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115843. [PMID: 37068722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) can be considered as a technology finding application in versatile areas such as for renewable energy production and simultaneous reducing environmental problems, biosensors, and bioelectrosynthesis. This review paper reports and critically discusses the challenges, and advances in bio-electrochemical studies in the 21st century. To sum and critically analyze the strides of the last 20+ years on the topic, this study first provides a comprehensive analysis on the structure, performance, and application of BESs, which include Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) and Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs). We focus on the effect of various parameters, such as electroactive microbial community structure, electrode material, configuration of bioreactors, anode unit volume, membrane type, initial COD, co-substrates and the nature of the input wastewater in treatment process and the amount of energy and fuel production, with the purpose of showcasing the modes of operation as a guide for future studies. The results of this review show that the BES have great potential in reducing environmental pollution, purifying saltwater, and producing energy and fuel. At a larger scale, it aspires to facilitate the path of achieving sustainable development and practical application of BES in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Naderi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Kakavandi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Environment, Coast and Ocean Research Laboratory (ECOREL-UPM), C/Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Zhou X, Yan G, Majdi HS, Le BN, Khadimallah MA, Ali HE, Assilzadeh H. Spotlighting of microbial electrodeionization cells for sustainable wastewater treatment: Application of machine learning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115113. [PMID: 36574799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrodeionization cells (MECs) have been investigated for various potential applications, including the elimination of persistent pollutants, chemical synthesis, the recovery of resources, and the development of biosensors. Nevertheless, MEC technology is still developing, and practical large-scale applications face significant obstacles. This review aims to investigate MEC implementations in sustainable wastewater treatment. Ideas and concepts of MEC technology, the setup of the electrodeionization component, the membranes of MECs, the working mechanism of MECs, and the various microorganisms used in MECs are discussed. Additionally, difficulties and prospective outcomes were discussed. The goal of this review is to support scientists and engineers in fully grasping the most recent developments in MEC technologies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- School of Intelligent Construction, Luzhou Vocational and Technical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Low-carbon Technology, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Gongxing Yan
- School of Intelligent Construction, Luzhou Vocational and Technical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Low-carbon Technology, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hasan Sh Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Binh Nguyen Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - Mohamed Amine Khadimallah
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Elhosiny Ali
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hamid Assilzadeh
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
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Miwornunyuie N, Jingyu H, Chen L, Ke L, Koomson DA, Ewusi-Mensah D, Opoku PA. Application of ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane in microbial desalination cells for simultaneous heavy metal removal and biofouling prevention. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135386. [PMID: 35724722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDC) syndicate the advantage of physical separation by using membranes to create conditions required for Bioelectrochemical processes for the treatment of various domestic and industrial wastewater, while simultaneously desalinating saline water and generating bioenergy. However, since the introduction of this technology, heavy metal removal has been a challenge, and membrane fouling has become a major bottleneck limiting the optimum performance and efficiency of this technology. This study incorporated the use of ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane via phase inversion mechanism in MDC for simultaneous heavy metal removal and membrane biofouling prevention. The study was conducted in two MDC systems; MDC-Control (without the ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane) and MDC with ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane. The results from the experiment shown that maximum removal efficiency of 85.7%, 84.3%, 84.0%, and 90.61% was obtained for Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ respectively in MDC-ZIF-8, while MDC control showed 54.17%, 59.71%, 51.94%, and 54.17%. The results were well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with correlation coefficients (R2) > 0.99 in all cases for MDC-ZIF-8. A maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 292 mg g-1 was attained for all four metal ions in MDC-ZIF-8. Besides, after 38 days of continuous operation with two complete desalination for both systems, the SEM-EDS characterization analysis, polarization characteristics, and power generation revealed antifouling characteristics of ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane incorporated in MDC. The integration of the ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane proved to be simultaneously efficient in biofouling prevention and heavy metal removal without jeopardizing the system's ability for wastewater treatment, bioelectricity generation, and desalination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Miwornunyuie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Huang Jingyu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Key Laboratory of Song Liao Aquatic Environment, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Li Ke
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Key Laboratory of Song Liao Aquatic Environment, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Desmond Ato Koomson
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China
| | - David Ewusi-Mensah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China
| | - Prince Atta Opoku
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China
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4
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Puggioni G, Milia S, Unali V, Ardu R, Tamburini E, Balaguer MD, Pous N, Carucci A, Puig S. Effect of hydraulic retention time on the electro-bioremediation of nitrate in saline groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157236. [PMID: 35810909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have proven their capability to treat nitrate-contaminated saline groundwater and simultaneously recover value-added chemicals (such as disinfection products) within a circular economy-based approach. In this study, the effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on nitrate and salinity removal, as well as on free chlorine production, was investigated in a 3-compartment BES working in galvanostatic mode with the perspective of process intensification and future scale-up. Reducing the HRT from 30.1 ± 2.3 to 2.4 ± 0.2 h led to a corresponding increase in nitrate removal rates (from 17 ± 1 up to 131 ± 1 mgNO3--N L-1d-1), although a progressive decrease in desalination efficiency (from 77 ± 13 to 12 ± 2 %) was observed. Nitrate concentration and salinity close to threshold limits indicated by the World Health Organization for drinking water, as well as significant chlorine production were achieved with an HRT of 4.9 ± 0.4 h. At such HRT, specific energy consumption was low (6.8·10-2 ± 0.3·10-2 kWh g-1NO3--Nremoved), considering that the supplied energy supports three processes simultaneously. A logarithmic equation correlated well with nitrate removal rates at the applied HRTs and may be used to predict BES behaviour with different HRTs. The bacterial community of the bio-cathode under galvanostatic mode was dominated by a few populations, including the genera Rhizobium, Bosea, Fontibacter and Gordonia. The results provide useful information for the scale-up of BES treating multi-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Puggioni
- University of Cagliari, Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy; Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Stefano Milia
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (CNR-IGAG), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Valentina Unali
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (CNR-IGAG), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ardu
- University of Cagliari, Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy; DiSB, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Elena Tamburini
- DiSB, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - M Dolors Balaguer
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Narcís Pous
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Carucci
- University of Cagliari, Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (CNR-IGAG), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastià Puig
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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Gujjala LKS, Dutta D, Sharma P, Kundu D, Vo DVN, Kumar S. A state-of-the-art review on microbial desalination cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132386. [PMID: 34606888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth in population has increased the demand for potable water. Available technologies for its generation are the desalination of sea water through reverse osmosis, electrodialysis etc., which are energy and cost intensive. In this context, microbial desalination cell (MDC) presents a low-cost and sustainable option which can simultaneously treat wastewater, desalinate saline water, produce electrical energy and recover nutrients from wastewater. This review paper is focussed on presenting a detailed analysis of MDCs starting from the principle of operation, microbial community analysis, basic architecture, evolution in design, operational challenges, effect of process parameters, scale-up studies, application in multiple arenas and future prospects. After thorough review, it can be inferred that MDCs can be used as a stand-alone option or pre-treatment step for conventional desalination techniques without the application of external energy. MDCs have been used in multiple applications ranging from desalination, remediation of contaminated water, recovery of energy and nutrients from wastewater, softening of hardwater, biohydrogen production to degradation of waste engine oil. Although, MDCs have been used for multiple applications, still a number of operational challenges have been reported viz., interference of co-existing ions during desalination, membrane fouling, pH imbalance and limited potential of exoelectrogens. However, the re-circulation of anolytes with electrodialysis chamber has led to the maintenance of optimal pH for favourable microbial growth leading to improvement in the overall performance of MDCs. In future, genetic engineering may be used for improving the electrogenic activity of microbial community, next generation materials may be used as anode and cathode, varied sources of wastewater may be explored as anolytes, life cycle analysis and exergy analysis may be carried out to study the impact on environment and detailed pilot scale studies have to be carried out for assessing the feasibility of operation at large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohit Kumar Srinivas Gujjala
- Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Deblina Dutta
- Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Debajyoti Kundu
- Agricultural & Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755 414, Viet Nam
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
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El-Qelish M, Mahmoud M. Overcoming organic matter limitation enables high nutrient recovery from sewage sludge reject water in a self-powered microbial nutrient recovery cell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149851. [PMID: 34464808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to meet the global demand of fertilizers for food production, there is an urgent need to recover macronutrients (such as NH4+, PO43-, Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+) from non-conventional sources (e.g., waste streams). Sludge reject water - a by-product produced during the dewatering of anaerobically-stabilized sewage sludge - is considered an ideal feedstock for bioelectrochemical nutrient recovery due to its high nutrient content. However, its low readily available organic matter and alkalinity usually limit electric current generation, resulting in low nutrient recovery. Here, we designed and operated self-powered microbial nutrient recovery cells (MNRCs) to test whether or not the addition of high-strength livestock wastewater could improve the macronutrients recovery from sludge reject water into a liquid concentrate. MNRCs fed with sludge reject water exhibited a low current density generation of 0.98 ± 0.31 A/m3 with approximately 24 ± 2% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. The NH4+ removal was only 37.1 ± 11% with an up-concentration factor of ~0.43 ± 0.15. Macronutrients recovery and up-concentration were optimized by mixing sludge reject water with livestock wastewater, which its content varied from 10 to 30%. Consequently, the current output and NH4+ up-concentration factor were remarkably increased, peaking at 14.10 ± 1.14 A/m3 and 2.19 ± 0.51, respectively, for MNRCs fed with sludge reject water:livestock wastewater = 70%:30% (v:v). Detailed analysis of the liquid concentrate revealed that it could be efficiently used as a liquid fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers with comparable agricultural productivity at a lower cost. These results suggest that the MNRC can promote self-powered, chemical-free macronutrients recovery from sludge reject water (and other low-strength wastewater, too) by controlling the availability of organic matter in waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Qelish
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
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Dammak L, Fouilloux J, Bdiri M, Larchet C, Renard E, Baklouti L, Sarapulova V, Kozmai A, Pismenskaya N. A Review on Ion-Exchange Membrane Fouling during the Electrodialysis Process in the Food Industry, Part 1: Types, Effects, Characterization Methods, Fouling Mechanisms and Interactions. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:789. [PMID: 34677555 PMCID: PMC8539029 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) was first established for water desalination and is still highly recommended in this field for its high water recovery, long lifetime and acceptable electricity consumption. Today, thanks to technological progress in ED processes and the emergence of new ion-exchange membranes (IEMs), ED has been extended to many other applications in the food industry. This expansion of uses has also generated several problems such as IEMs' lifetime limitation due to different ageing phenomena (because of organic and/or mineral compounds). The current commercial IEMs show excellent performance in ED processes; however, organic foulants such as proteins, surfactants, polyphenols or other natural organic matters can adhere on their surface (especially when using anion-exchange membranes: AEMs) forming a colloid layer or can infiltrate the membrane matrix, which leads to the increase in electrical resistance, resulting in higher energy consumption, lower water recovery, loss of membrane permselectivity and current efficiency as well as lifetime limitation. If these aspects are not sufficiently controlled and mastered, the use and the efficiency of ED processes will be limited since, it will no longer be competitive or profitable compared to other separation methods. In this work we reviewed a significant amount of recent scientific publications, research and reviews studying the phenomena of IEM fouling during the ED process in food industry with a special focus on the last decade. We first classified the different types of fouling according to the most commonly used classifications. Then, the fouling effects, the characterization methods and techniques as well as the different fouling mechanisms and interactions as well as their influence on IEM matrix and fixed groups were presented, analyzed, discussed and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasâad Dammak
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Julie Fouilloux
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Myriam Bdiri
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Christian Larchet
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Estelle Renard
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; (J.F.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Lassaad Baklouti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts at Al Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Veronika Sarapulova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropol’skaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Anton Kozmai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropol’skaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Natalia Pismenskaya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropol’skaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (N.P.)
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8
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Desalination of brackish water using a microbial desalination cell: Analysis of the electrochemical behaviour. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Priyadarshini M, Ahmad A, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. Application of microbial electrochemical technologies for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater with concomitant valuable recovery: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 29:61783-61802. [PMID: 34231137 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical industry is one of the major and rapidly growing industry that generates a variety of toxic and recalcitrant organic pollutants as by-products, which are not only harmful to the aquatic animals but also affects human health. The majority of the components of petrochemical wastewater (PW) are carcinogenic, genotoxic and phytotoxic in nature; hence, this complex wastewater generated from different petrochemical processes should be efficiently treated prior to its disposal in natural water bodies. The established technologies like advanced oxidation, membrane bioreactor, electrocoagulation and activated sludge process employed for the treatment of PW are highly energy intensive and incurs high capital and operation cost. Moreover, these technologies are not effective in completely eliminating petroleum hydrocarbons present in PW. Thus, to reduce the energy requirement and also to transform the chemical energy trapped in these organic matters present in this wastewater into bioelectricity and other value-added products, microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) can be efficaciously used, which would also compensate the treatment cost by transforming these pollutants into bioenergy and valuables. In this regard, this review elucidates the feasibility and application of different METs as an appropriate alternative for the treatment of PW. Furthermore, the numerous bottlenecks towards the real-life application and commercialization of pioneering METs have also been articulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India. .,Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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10
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Bello AS, Zouari N, Da'ana DA, Hahladakis JN, Al-Ghouti MA. An overview of brine management: Emerging desalination technologies, life cycle assessment, and metal recovery methodologies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112358. [PMID: 33770726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines which management methods are the most recent and advanced in managing rejected brine generated from desalination plants. It also provides up-to-date information regarding the most adequate technologies that generate a minimum quantity of rejected brine via the use of minimization techniques and analyzes the method of direct disposal that has lately received noticeable improvements. It further discusses the reuse of discarded brine to recover valuable goods and sequestration of carbon dioxide. Sustainability is an important parameter that needs consideration to achieve uninterrupted operation of the discarded brine management to achieve the least environmental, social, and economic aftermath. To properly deal with any environmental issues related to brine disposal, different methods are implemented so that, in the end, higher water recovery is achievable from the desalination processes, namely brine minimization and rejection technologies (pressure retarded osmosis, microbial desalination cell technology), membrane-based technologies (vibratory shear enhanced processing, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, electrodialysis reverse, and electrodialysis metathesis, pervaporation method, thermal-based technologies (wind-aided intensified evaporation, brine concentrators, ohmic evaporator, membrane distillation, multi-stage flash distillation. This review also critically examined the two conventional approaches commonly used in life cycle assessment (LCA), when evaluating the ecotoxic effect of discarded brine. It intends to discuss the currently available methods and propose an improved method for evaluating the toxicity potential of brine on the aquatic ecosystem originated from seawater desalination plants. The Group-by-Group method takes into consideration the demerits of the two methods of the traditional method of LCA or chemical-specific approach as it provides a more holistic coverage for complicated brine to be disposed of. Recently, attention has been focused on recovering valuable metals from the discharged concentrated brine waste. Certainly, attaining marketable products from the discharged concentrated brine would offer an economic benefit and reducing the whole desalination costs. Ion imprinting polymers have potential applications in metal recovery from brine. Finding selective, more efficient, and less expensive imprinted polymers for extraction/pre-concentration of valuable ions is a vital and challenging task. Lastly, the brine should be seen as a resource and not as a waste to attain sustainability in its management approaches. Hybrid processes would be highly recommended to get the absolute transformation of the discarded brine from desalination processes to more valuable constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale S Bello
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Nabil Zouari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Dana A Da'ana
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - John N Hahladakis
- Waste Management Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammad A Al-Ghouti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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11
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Salehmin MNI, Lim SS, Satar I, Daud WRW. Pushing microbial desalination cells towards field application: Prevailing challenges, potential mitigation strategies, and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143485. [PMID: 33279184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have been experimentally proven as a versatile bioelectrochemical system (BES). They have the potential to alleviate environmental pollution, reduce water scarcity and save energy and operational costs. However, MDCs alone are inadequate to realise a complete wastewater and desalination treatment at a high-efficiency performance. The assembly of identical MDC units that hydraulically and electrically connected can improve the performance better than standalone MDCs. In the same manner, the coupling of MDCs with other BES or conventional water reclamation technology has also exhibits a promising performance. However, the scaling-up effort has been slowly progressing, leading to a lack of knowledge for guiding MDC technology into practicality. Many challenges remain unsolved and should be mitigated before MDCs can be fully implemented in real applications. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive chronological-based review that covers technological limitations and mitigation strategies, which have been developed for standalone MDCs. We extend our discussion on how assembled, coupled and scaled-up MDCs have improved in comparison with standalone and lab-scale MDC systems. This review also outlines the prevailing challenges and potential mitigation strategies for scaling-up based on large-scale specifications and evaluates the prospects of selected MDC systems to be integrated with conventional anaerobic digestion (AD) and reverse osmosis (RO). This review offers several recommendations to promote up-scaling studies guided by the pilot scale BES and existing water reclamation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swee Su Lim
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibdal Satar
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan (UAD), 55166 Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wan Ramli Wan Daud
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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Yang YL, Wu Y, Lu YX, Cai Y, He Z, Yang XL, Song HL. A comprehensive review of nutrient-energy-water-solute recovery by hybrid osmotic membrane bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124300. [PMID: 33129093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) takes advantage of the cooperation of varying biological or desalination processes and can achieve NEWS (nutrient-energy-water-solute) recovery from wastewater. However, a lack of universal parameters hinders our understanding. Herein, system configurations and new parameters are systematically investigated to help better evaluate recovery performance. High-quality water can be produced in reverse osmosis/membrane distillation-based OMBRs, but high operation cost limits their application. Although bioelectrochemical system (BES)/electrodialysis-based OMBRs can effectively achieve solute recovery, operation parameters should be optimized. Nutrients can be recovered from various wastewater by porous membrane-based OMBRs, but additional processes increase operation cost. Electricity recovery can be achieved in BES-based OMBRs, but energy balances are negative. Although anaerobic OMBRs are energy-efficient, salinity accumulation limits methane productions. Additional efforts must be made to alleviate membrane fouling, control salinity accumulation, optimize recovery efficiency, and reduce operation cost. This review will accelerate hybrid OMBR development for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - You Wu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Lu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun Cai
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hai-Liang Song
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China.
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13
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Wang H, Song X, Zhang H, Tan P, Kong F. Removal of hexavalent chromium in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells separated by different ion exchange membranes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121459. [PMID: 31732350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An ion exchange membrane (IEM) is an important component in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to separate cathodic chromium from anode bacteria to avoid toxicity. Common used IEMs (e.g., BPM, CEM, PEM, AEM) have different ionic transfer abilities which could influence MFC performance and chromium removal. Additionally, to distinguish chromium "removal" or "reduction" by MFCs, the chromium removal in this study was further analyzed into cathodic reduction, adsorption on the membrane and permeation through membrane to the anode chamber. It was found that BPM achieved the best performance in removing hexavalent chromium (99.4 ± 0.2 %) and balancing pH and conductivity in both chambers, followed by AEM (97.9 ± 0.8 %) and CEM (95.6 ± 0.8 %), while PEM can not well maintain pH and conductivity leading to the worst anode performance and lowest chromium removal efficiency. However, the adsorption of chromium on the AEM accounts for 91.1 ± 0.7 %, which was much higher than the other three membranes. The permeation of chromium through the membrane were all lower than 0.2% which can be ignored. SEM and EDS results showed that chromium deposits and bacteria were detected on the membrane facing cahtode and anode, respectively, indicating that membrane scaling and fouling were inevitable and happened within 24 h operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Xueyong Song
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Pan Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Fanxin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
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14
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Performance of Exoelectrogenic Bacteria Used in Microbial Desalination Cell Technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031121. [PMID: 32050646 PMCID: PMC7037215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tri-functional purpose of Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) has shown a great promise in our current scarcity of water, an increase in water pollution and the high cost of electricity production. As a biological system, the baseline force that drives its performance is the presence of exoelectrogens in the anode chamber. Their presence in the anodic chamber of MDC systems enables the treatment of water, desalination of seawater, and the production of electrical energy. This study reviews the characteristics of exoelectrogens, as a driving force in MDC and examines factors which influence their growth and the performance efficiency of MDC systems. It also addresses the efficiency of mixed cultures with certain predominant species as compared to pure cultures used in MDC systems. Furthermore, the study suggests the need to genetically modify certain predominant strains in mixed cultures to enhance their performance in COD removal, desalination and power output and the integration of MDC with other technologies for cost-effective processes.
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15
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Jiang C, Zhang D, Muhammad AS, Hossain MM, Ge Z, He Y, Feng H, Xu T. Fouling deposition as an effective approach for preparing monovalent selective membranes. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Koók L, Bakonyi P, Harnisch F, Kretzschmar J, Chae KJ, Zhen G, Kumar G, Rózsenberszki T, Tóth G, Nemestóthy N, Bélafi-Bakó K. Biofouling of membranes in microbial electrochemical technologies: Causes, characterization methods and mitigation strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:327-338. [PMID: 30765113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The scope of the review is to discuss the current state of knowledge and lessons learned on biofouling of membrane separators being used for microbial electrochemical technologies (MET). It is illustrated what crucial membrane features have to be considered and how these affect the MET performance, paying particular attention to membrane biofouling. The complexity of the phenomena was demonstrated and thereby, it is shown that membrane qualities related to its surface and inherent material features significantly influence (and can be influenced by) the biofouling process. Applicable methods for assessment of membrane biofouling are highlighted, followed by the detailed literature evaluation. Finally, an outlook on e.g. possible mitigation strategies for membrane biofouling in MET is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Koók
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Péter Bakonyi
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Jörg Kretzschmar
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Biochemical Conversion Department, Torgauer Strasse 116, Leipzig 04347, Germany
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, South Korea
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Rd. 500, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Tamás Rózsenberszki
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Nándor Nemestóthy
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Katalin Bélafi-Bakó
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
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17
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Dependency of migration and reduction of mixed Cr2O72−, Cu2+ and Cd2+ on electric field, ion exchange membrane and metal concentration in microbial fuel cells. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Hou D, Lu L, Sun D, Ge Z, Huang X, Cath TY, Ren ZJ. Microbial electrochemical nutrient recovery in anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactors. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:181-188. [PMID: 28249209 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that by incorporating a microbial electrochemical unit into an anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor (AnOMBR), the system addressed several challenges faced by traditional anaerobic membrane bioreactors and recovered biogas, nitrogen, and phosphorus while maintaining high effluent quality with low dissolved methane. The microbial recovery cell (MRC)-AnOMBR system showed excellent organic (>93%) and phosphorus removal (>99%) and maintained effluent COD below 20 mg/L. Furthermore, the reactor effectively recovered up to 65% PO43- and 45% NH4+ from the influent, which can be further improved if membranes with higher selectivity are used. Nutrients removal from bulk solution mitigated NH4+ penetration to the draw solution and reduced scaling potential caused by PO43-. The maximum methane yield was 0.19 L CH4/g COD, and low methane (<2.5 mL CH4/L) was detected in the effluent. Further improvement can be made by increasing charge efficiency for better nutrient and energy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxun Hou
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dongya Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tzahi Y Cath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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19
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Chen X, Liang P, Zhang X, Huang X. Bioelectrochemical systems-driven directional ion transport enables low-energy water desalination, pollutant removal, and resource recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:274-284. [PMID: 26961714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are integrated water treatment technologies that generate electricity using organic matter in wastewater. In situ use of bioelectricity can direct the migration of ionic substances in a BES, thereby enabling water desalination, resource recovery, and valuable substance production. Recently, much attention has been placed on the microbial desalination cells in BESs to drive water desalination, and various configurations have optimized electricity generation and desalination performance and also coupled hydrogen production, heavy metal reduction, and other reactions. In addition, directional transport of other types of charged ions can remediate polluted groundwater, recover nutrient, and produce valuable substances. To better promote the practical application, the use of BESs as directional drivers of ionic substances requires further optimization to improve energy use efficiency and treatment efficacy. This article reviews existing researches on BES-driven directional ion transport to treat wastewater and identifies a few key factors involved in efficiency optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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20
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Nikhil GN, Yeruva DK, Venkata Mohan S, Swamy YV. Assessing potential cathodes for resource recovery through wastewater treatment and salinity removal using non-buffered microbial electrochemical systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:247-253. [PMID: 27177714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates relative functioning of microbial electrochemical systems (MES) for simultaneous wastewater treatment, desalination and resource recovery. Two MES were designed having abiotic cathode (MES-A) and algal biocathode (MES-B) which were investigated with synthetic feed and saline water as proxy of typical real-field wastewater. Comparative anodic and cathodic efficiencies revealed a distinct disparity in both the MES when operated in open circuit (OC) and closed circuit (CC). The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) read in MES-A and MES-B was about 700mV and 600mV, respectively. Salinity and organic carbon removal efficiencies were noticed high during CC operation as 72% and 55% in MES-A and 60% and 63% in MES-B. These discrete observations evidenced ascribe to the influence of microbial electrochemical induced ion-migration over cathodic reduction reactions (CRR).
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Nikhil
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Dileep Kumar Yeruva
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Y V Swamy
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
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21
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Mikhaylin S, Bazinet L. Fouling on ion-exchange membranes: Classification, characterization and strategies of prevention and control. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 229:34-56. [PMID: 26813627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmentally friendly ion-exchange membrane (IEM) processes find more and more applications in the modern industries in order to demineralize, concentrate and modify products. Moreover, these processes may be applied for the energy conversion and storage. However, the main drawback of the IEM processes is a formation of fouling, which significantly decreases the process efficiency and increases the process cost. The present review is dedicated to the problematic of IEM fouling phenomena. Firstly, the major types of IEM fouling such as colloidal fouling, organic fouling, scaling and biofouling are discussed along with consideration of the main factors affecting fouling formation and development. Secondly, the review of the possible methods of IEM fouling characterization is provided. This section includes the methods of fouling visualization and characterization as well as methods allowing investigations of characteristics of the fouled IEMs. Eventually, the reader will find the conventional and modern strategies of prevention and control of different fouling types.
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22
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Ping Q, Porat O, Dosoretz CG, He Z. Bioelectricity inhibits back diffusion from the anolyte into the desalinated stream in microbial desalination cells. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:266-273. [PMID: 26512804 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) taking advantage of energy in wastewater to drive desalination represent a promising approach for energy-efficient desalination, but concerns arise whether contaminants in wastewater could enter the desalinated stream across ion exchange membranes. Such back diffusion of contaminants from the anolyte into the desalinated stream could be controlled by two mechanisms, Donnan effect and molecule transport. This study attempted to understand those mechanisms for inorganic and organic compounds in MDCs through two independently conducted experiments. Donnan effect was found to be the dominant mechanism under the condition without current generation. Under open circuit condition, the MDC fed with 5 g L(-1) salt solution exhibited 1.9 ± 0.7%, 10.3 ± 1.3%, and 1.8 ± 1.2% back diffusion of acetic, phosphate, and sulfate ions, respectively. Current generation effectively suppressed Donnan effect from 68.2% to 7.2%, and then molecule transport became more responsible for back diffusion. A higher initial salt concentration (35 g L(-1)) and a shorter HRT (1.0 d) led to the highest concentration gradient, resulting in the most back diffusion of 7.1 ± 1.2% and 6.8 ± 3.1% of phosphate and sulfate ions, respectively. Three representative organic compounds were selected for test, and it was found that organic back diffusion was intensified with a higher salt concentration gradient and molecular weight played an important role in compound movement. Principal component analysis confirmed the negative correlation between Donnan effect and current, and the positive correlation between molecule transport and concentration gradient related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Ping
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Oded Porat
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Carlos G Dosoretz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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23
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Novel Self-driven Microbial Nutrient Recovery Cell with Simultaneous Wastewater Purification. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15744. [PMID: 26503712 PMCID: PMC4621542 DOI: 10.1038/srep15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional wastewater purification technologies consume large amounts of energy, while the abundant chemical energy and nutrient resources contained in sewage are wasted in such treatment processes. A microbial nutrient recovery cell (MNRC) has been developed to take advantage of the energy contained in wastewater, in order to simultaneously purify wastewater and recover nutrient ions. When wastewater was circulated between the anode and cathode chambers of the MNRC, the organics (COD) were removed by bacteria while ammonium and phosphate (NH4+-N and PO43−-P) were recovered by the electrical field that was produced using in situ energy in the wastewater without additional energy input. The removal efficiencies from wastewater were >82% for COD, >96% for NH4+-N, and >64% for PO43−-P in all the operational cycles. Simultaneously, the concentrations of NH4+ and PO43− in the recovery chamber increased to more than 1.5 and 2.2 times, respectively, compared with the initial concentrations in wastewater. The MNRC provides proof-of-concept as a sustainable, self-driven approach to efficient wastewater purification and nutrient recovery in a comprehensive bioelectrochemical system.
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24
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Ping Q, Huang Z, Dosoretz C, He Z. Integrated experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of brackish water desalination and wastewater treatment in microbial desalination cells. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 77:13-23. [PMID: 25839832 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Desalination of brackish water can provide freshwater for potable use or non potable applications such as agricultural irrigation. Brackish water desalination is especially attractive to microbial desalination cells (MDCs) because of its low salinity, but this has not been well studied before. Herein, three brackish waters prepared according to the compositions of actual brackish water in three locations in Israel were examined with domestic wastewater as an electron source in a bench-scale MDC. All three brackish waters could be effectively desalinated with simultaneous wastewater treatment. The MDC achieved the highest salt removal rate of 1.2 g L(-1) d(-1) with an initial salinity of 5.9 g L(-1) and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.8 d. The desalinated brackish water could meet the irrigation standard of both salinity (450 mg L(-1) TDS) and the concentrations of major ionic species, given a sufficient HRT. The MDC also accomplished nearly 70% removal of organic compounds in wastewater with Coulombic efficiency varied between 5 and 10%. A previously developed MDC model was improved for brackish water desalination, and could well predict salinity variation and the concentrations of individual ions. The model also simulated a staged operation mode with improved desalination performance. This integrated experiment and mathematical modeling approach provides an effective method to understand the key factors in brackish water desalination by MDCs towards further system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Ping
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zuyi Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Carlos Dosoretz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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25
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Asadi-Ghalhari M, Mehrdadi N, Nabi-Bidhendi G. Simultaneous Desalination of Sea water and Electricity Production with New Membrane Technology, Air-Cathode Microbial Desalination Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.12944/cwe.10.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Water and energy shortages, has increased the need for methods that can provide low energy for desalination of sea water. Microbial desalination cell is one of the most important of these methods. In this study we use air cathode MDC for desalination of seawater. The maximum voltage, power and current density was 607mV, 521mW/m2 and 858mA/m2 (25mM PBS) and 701mV, 695mW/m2 and 992mA/m2 (50mM PBS) respectively. During the period of the voltage generation in 50mM PBS was about 1.5 times of 25mM PBS. Under this situation, EC of seawater with initial electrical conductivity declined by 48.31±3% (25mM PBS) and 46.71±2.73% (50mM PBS). As well as decrease of salt from sea water in the middle chamber, EC in synthetic wastewater and catholyte slightly increased. So that Change percent of EC in synthetic wastewater was 44.20 ± 11.94(25mM PBS) and 27.94 ± 3 (50 mM PBS) and in catholyte was 211.66 ± 22.41(25mM PBS) and 119.24 ± 11.25 (50 mM PBS) respectively. These results show that the MDC can also be used as a pretreatment to reverse osmosis; simultaneously the energy required in this process is also partly meet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Asadi-Ghalhari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Mehrdadi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
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Wang H, Heil D, Ren ZJ, Xu P. Removal and fate of trace organic compounds in microbial fuel cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 125:94-101. [PMID: 25532765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on understanding and characterizing the removal of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) in microbial fuel cells (MFC). 26 TOrCs with broad physicochemical properties were spiked in synthetic wastewater. Single-chamber air-cathode MFC (SMFC) and double-chamber air-cathode MFC (DMFC) were constructed to provide combined or separated oxidation/reduction environments for TOrCs removal. The study showed that TOrCs removal processes involved both sorption and biodegradation. For neutral TOrCs, the removal efficiency was affected primarily by the biodegradability probability and hydrophobicity of the compounds, while electrostatic interactions played an additional role in the MFCs as the removal of positively charged TOrCs was generally higher than negatively charged TOrCs. The presence of TOrCs showed negligible impact on MFC power generation, likewise the operation of MFCs had marginal effect on TOrCs removal, except longer residence time in MFCs improved biological removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wang
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Dean Heil
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | | | - Pei Xu
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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Yazdi H, Alzate-Gaviria L, Ren ZJ. Pluggable microbial fuel cell stacks for septic wastewater treatment and electricity production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:258-263. [PMID: 25616240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Septic tanks and other decentralized wastewater treatment systems play an important role in protecting public health and water resource for remote or developing communities. Current septic systems do not have energy production capability, yet such feature can be very valuable for areas lack access to electricity. Here we present an easy-to-operate microbial fuel cell (MFC) stack that consists a common base and multiple pluggable units, which can be connected in either series or parallel for electricity generation during waste treatment in septic tanks. Lab studies showed such easy configuration obtained a power density of 142±6.71mWm(-2) when 3 units are connected in parallel, and preliminary calculation indicates that a system that costs approximately US $25 can power a 6-watt LED light for 4h per day with great improvement potential. Detailed electrochemical characterizations provide insights on system internal loss and technology advancement needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Yazdi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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28
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Haeger A, Forrestal C, Xu P, Ren ZJ. High performance spiral wound microbial fuel cell with hydraulic characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 174:287-293. [PMID: 25463810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The understanding and development of functioning systems are crucial steps for microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology advancement. In this study, a compact spiral wound MFC (swMFC) was developed and hydraulic residence time distribution (RTD) tests were conducted to investigate the flow characteristics in the systems. Results show that two-chamber swMFCs have high surface area to volume ratios of 350-700m(2)/m(3), and by using oxygen cathode without metal-catalysts, the maximum power densities were 42W/m(3) based on total volume and 170W/m(3) based on effective volume. The hydraulic step-input tracer study identified 20-67% of anodic flow dead space, which presents new opportunities for system improvement. Electrochemical tools revealed very low ohmic resistance but high charge transfer and diffusion resistance due to catalyst-free oxygen reduction. The spiral wound configuration combined with RTD tool offers a holistic approach for MFC development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haeger
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Casey Forrestal
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Stoll ZA, Forrestal C, Ren ZJ, Xu P. Shale gas produced water treatment using innovative microbial capacitive desalination cell. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:847-855. [PMID: 25464328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of unconventional oil and gas production has generated large amounts of wastewater for disposal, raising significant environmental and public health concerns. Treatment and beneficial use of produced water presents many challenges due to its high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons and salinity. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of treating actual shale gas produced water using a bioelectrochemical system integrated with capacitive deionization-a microbial capacitive desalination cell (MCDC). Microbial degradation of organic compounds in the anode generated an electric potential that drove the desalination of produced water. Sorption and biodegradation resulted in a combined organic removal rate of 6.4 mg dissolved organic carbon per hour in the reactor, and the MCDC removed 36 mg salt per gram of carbon electrode per hour from produced water. This study is a proof-of-concept that the MCDC can be used to combine organic degradation with desalination of contaminated water without external energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei Xu
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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Meng F, Jiang J, Zhao Q, Wang K, Zhang G, Fan Q, Wei L, Ding J, Zheng Z. Bioelectrochemical desalination and electricity generation in microbial desalination cell with dewatered sludge as fuel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 157:120-126. [PMID: 24534793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) with common liquid anodic substrate exhibit a slow startup and destructive pH drop, and abiotic cathodes have high cost and low sustainability. A biocathode MDC with dewatered sludge as fuel was developed for synergistic desalination, electricity generation and sludge stabilization. Experimental results indicated that the startup period was reduced to 3d, anodic pH was maintained between 6.6 and 7.6, and high stability was shown under long-term operation (300d). When initial NaCl concentrations were 5 and 10g/L, the desalinization rates during stable operation were 46.37±1.14% and 40.74±0.89%, respectively. The maximum power output of 3.178W/m(3) with open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.118V was produced on 130d. After 300d, 25.71±0.15% of organic matter was removed. These results demonstrated that dewatered sludge was an appropriate anodic substrate to enhance MDC stability for desalination and electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Meng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qingxin Fan
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Wang H, Ren ZJ. A comprehensive review of microbial electrochemical systems as a platform technology. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1796-807. [PMID: 24113213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) use microorganisms to covert the chemical energy stored in biodegradable materials to direct electric current and chemicals. Compared to traditional treatment-focused, energy-intensive environmental technologies, this emerging technology offers a new and transformative solution for integrated waste treatment and energy and resource recovery, because it offers a flexible platform for both oxidation and reduction reaction oriented processes. All MESs share one common principle in the anode chamber, in which biodegradable substrates, such as waste materials, are oxidized and generate electrical current. In contrast, a great variety of applications have been developed by utilizing this in situ current, such as direct power generation (microbial fuel cells, MFCs), chemical production (microbial electrolysis cells, MECs; microbial electrosynthesis, MES), or water desalination (microbial desalination cells, MDCs). Different from previous reviews that either focus on one function or a specific application aspect, this article provides a comprehensive and quantitative review of all the different functions or system constructions with different acronyms developed so far from the MES platform and summarizes nearly 50 corresponding systems to date. It also provides discussions on the future development of this promising yet early-stage technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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32
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Chen S, Luo H, Liu G, Zhang R, Wang H, Qin B, Hou Y. Integrated utilization of seawater using a five-chamber bioelectrochemical system. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zuo K, Yuan L, Wei J, Liang P, Huang X. Competitive migration behaviors of multiple ions and their impacts on ion-exchange resin packed microbial desalination cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:637-642. [PMID: 23982060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mixed ion-exchange resins packed microbial desalination cell (R-MDC) could stabilize the internal resistance, however, the impacts of multiple ions on R-MDC performance was unclear. This study investigated the desalination performance, multiple ions migration behaviors and their impacts on R-MDCs fed with salt solution containing multiple anions and cations. Results showed that R-MDC removed multiple anions better than multiple cations with desalination efficiency of 99% (effluent conductivity <0.05 ms/cm) at hydraulic retention time of 50 h. Competitive migration order was SO4(2-)>NO3(-)>Cl(-) for anions and Ca(2+)≈Mg(2+)>NH4(+)>Na(+) for cations, jointly affected by both their molar conductivity and exchange selectivity on resins. After long-term operation, the existence of higher concentration Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) caused the electric conductivity of mixed resins decrease and scaling on the surface of cation-exchange membrane adjoined with cathode chamber, suggesting that R-MDC would be more suitable for desalination of water with lower hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuichang Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lulu Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jincheng Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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34
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Forrestal C, Xu P, Jenkins PE, Ren Z. Microbial desalination cell with capacitive adsorption for ion migration control. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 120:332-336. [PMID: 22784594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new microbial desalination cell with capacitive adsorption capability (cMDC) was developed to solve the ion migration problem facing current MDC systems. Traditional MDCs remove salts by transferring ions to the anode and cathode chambers, which may prohibit wastewater beneficial reuse due to increased salinity. The cMDC uses adsorptive activated carbon cloth (ACC) as the electrodes and utilizes the formed capacitive double layers for electrochemical ion adsorption. The cMDC removed an average of 69.4% of the salt from the desalination chamber through electrode adsorption during one batch cycle, and it did not add salts to the anode or cathode chamber. It was estimated that 61-82.2mg of total dissolved solids (TDS) was adsorbed to 1g of ACC electrode. The cMDC provides a new approach for salt management, organic removal, and energy production. Further studies will be conducted to optimize reactor configuration and achieve in situ electrode regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Forrestal
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80004, USA
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35
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Luo H, Xu P, Ren Z. Long-term performance and characterization of microbial desalination cells in treating domestic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 120:187-193. [PMID: 22797084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cell represents a new technology for simultaneous wastewater treatment, water desalination, and energy production. This study characterized the long-term performance of MDC during wastewater treatment and identified the key factors that caused performance decline. The 8-month operation shows that MDC performance decreased over time, as indicated by a 47% decline in current density, a 46% drop in Columbic efficiency, and a 27% decrease in desalination efficiency. Advanced electrochemical, microscopy, and spectroscopy analyses all confirmed biofouling on the anion exchange membrane, which increased system resistance and reduced ionic transfer and energy conversion efficiency. Minor chemical scaling was found on the cation exchange membrane surface. Microbial communities became less diverse at the end of operation, and Proteobacteria spp. was dominant on both anode and AEM fouling layer surface. These results provide insights into the viability of long-term MDC operation on reactor performance and direct system development through membrane optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Luo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80004, USA
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