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Li XM, Wu ZJ, Fan JY, Liu MQ, Song CG, Chen HQ, Yin Y, Li A, Wang YH, Gao SL, Xu ZL, Liu G, Wu K. Role of 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosidase 1 deficiency in exacerbating diabetic cardiomyopathy through the regulation of insulin resistance. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 194:3-15. [PMID: 38844061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart failure syndrome, and is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. DCM is mainly characterized by ventricular dilation, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Clinical studies have found that insulin resistance is an independent risk factor for DCM. However, its specific mechanism of DCM remains unclear. 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase 1(OGG1)is involved in DNA base repair and the regulation of inflammatory genes. In this study, we show that OGG1 was associated with the occurrence of DCM. for the first time. The expression of OGG1 was increased in the heart tissue of DCM mice, and OGG1 deficiency aggravated the cardiac dysfunction of DCM mice. Metabolomics show that OGG1 deficiency resulted in obstruction of glycolytic pathway. At the molecular level, OGG1 regulated glucose uptake and insulin resistance by interacting with PPAR-γ in vitro. In order to explore the protective effect of exogenous OGG1 on DCM, OGG1 adeno-associated virus was injected into DCM mice through tail vein in the middle stage of the disease. We found that the overexpression of OGG1 could improve cardiac dysfunction of DCM mice, indicating that OGG1 had a certain therapeutic effect on DCM. These results demonstrate that OGG1 is a new molecular target for the treatment of DCM and has certain clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navel Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zi-Jun Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Jun-Yu Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Man-Qi Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Chu-Ge Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Hong-Qiao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Ao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Ya-Hong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Keng Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Cardiovascular Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China.
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Na L, Cui W, Li X, Chang J, Xue X. Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with coronary heart disease in Jilin Province, China: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:321. [PMID: 37993858 PMCID: PMC10666388 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with coronary heart disease and to examine the role of left ventricular GLS in detecting early changes in cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease in the subclinical stage. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 178 participants with symptomatic coronary artery disease excluding myocardial infarction or left ventricular dysfunction was conducted in Jilin Province, China. Basic clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic data were obtained from all participants. Myocardial strain parameters were compared between patients with higher TyG index and those with lower TyG index, and the association between the gradually elevated TyG index and on subclinical cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease was evaluated. RESULTS The GLS of left ventricle was lower in the higher TyG index group than in the lower TyG index group. As the TyG index increases, the GLS progressively decreases. The results remained stable after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS A higher TyG index maybe independently associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Na
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xin Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Li M, Wang H, Zhang XJ, Cai J, Li H. NAFLD: An Emerging Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 37431986 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide that poses a significant threat to human health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and CVD share risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. However, whether NAFLD is a causal risk factor for CVD remains a matter of debate. This review summarizes the evidence from prospective clinical and Mendelian randomization studies that underscore the potential causal relationship between NAFLD and CVD. The mechanisms of NAFLD contributing to the development of CVD and the necessity of addressing CVD risk while managing NAFLD in clinical practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Peinado BRR, Frazão DR, Bittencourt LO, de Souza-Rodrigues RD, Vidigal MTC, da Silva DT, Paranhos LR, Magno MB, Fagundes NCF, Maia LC, Lima RR. Is obesity associated with taste alterations? a systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1167119. [PMID: 37334283 PMCID: PMC10273260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1167119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a growing chronic public health problem. The causes of obesity are varied, but food consumption decisions play an important role, especially decisions about what foods to eat and how much to consume. Food consumption decisions are driven, in part, by individual taste perceptions, a fact that can influence eating behavior and, therefore, body mass. Methodology The searches were conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, and the grey literature (Google Scholar and Open Grey). The acronym PECO will be used, covering studies with adult humans (P) who have obesity (E) compared to adult humans without obesity (C), having as an outcome the presence of taste alterations (O). After searching, duplicates were removed. The articles were first evaluated by title and abstract, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria; then, the papers were read in full. After the studies were selected, two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias and control statements for possible confounders and bias consideration. The narrative GRADE system performed the methodological quality assessment using the New Castle Ottawa qualifier and analysis of certainty of evidence. Results A total of 3782 records were identified from the database search, of these 19 were considered eligible. Forty percent of the eligible studies show that there was an association between obesity and different taste alterations for different flavors comparing with normal weights adults. In the methodological quality analysis of the nineteen studies, which assesses the risk of bias in the results, fifteen showed good methodological reliability, three showed fair methodological reliability, and one showed low methodological reliability. Conclusion Despite methodological limitations, the results of the studies suggest the existence of a association between obesity and taste alterations, but further investigations with more sensitive methodologies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/9vg4h/, identifier 9vg4h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Tereza Campos Vidigal
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Teixeira da Silva
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Estrada-Cruz NA, Manuel-Apolinar L, Segura-Uribe JJ, Almanza-Pérez JC, Fortis-Barrera Á, Orozco-Suárez S, Bautista-Poblet G, Coyoy-Salgado A, Guerra-Araiza C. Short-term administration of tibolone reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats fed high-fat and high-fructose. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:275-289. [PMID: 35282801 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2046964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical events involved in neurodegeneration. In animal models, it has been shown that chronic consumption of a hypercaloric diet, which leads to inflammatory processes, affects the hippocampus, a brain region fundamental for learning and memory processes. In addition, advanced age and menopause are risk factors for neurodegeneration. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) ameliorates menopause symptoms. Tibolone (TB), a synthetic hormone, exerts estrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic effects on different tissues. We aimed to determine the effect of short-term TB administration on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat-and-fructose diet (HFFD). Adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed standard diet or HFFD-consisting of 10% lard supplemented chow and 20% high-fructose syrup in the drinking water-and administered vehicle or TB (1 mg/kg for seven days). Finally, we administered hormone receptor antagonists (MPP, RU486 or FLU) to each of the OVX + HFFD + TB groups. Bodyweight, triglycerides and cholesterol, oxidative stress and inflammation markers, and the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes were quantified in the hippocampus of each experimental group. We observed that short-term TB administration significantly reduced body weight, AGEs, MDA levels, increased SOD and GPx activity, improved GSH/GSSG ratio, and reduced IL-6 and TNF-α. Our findings suggest that short-term administration of TB decreases oxidative stress and reduces inflammation caused by HFFD and early estrogenic decline. These effects occurred via estrogen receptor alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Estrada-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Manuel-Apolinar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia J Segura-Uribe
- Subdirección de Gestión de la Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, UAM-I, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Fortis-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, UAM-I, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Bautista-Poblet
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- Cátedras CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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Unveiling the Vital Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Fibrosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122391. [PMID: 36552599 PMCID: PMC9774664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a burdensome public health problem. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes patients. The pathogenesis of DCM is multifactorial and involves metabolic abnormalities, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, myocardial cell death, oxidative stress, inflammation, microangiopathy, and cardiac fibrosis. Evidence suggests that various types of cardiomyocyte death act simultaneously as terminal pathways in DCM. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts with lengths greater than 200 nucleotides and no apparent coding potential. Emerging studies have shown the critical role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DCM, along with the development of molecular biology technologies. Therefore, we summarize specific lncRNAs that mainly regulate multiple modes of cardiomyopathy death, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis and provide valuable insights into diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and strategies for DCM.
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7
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The Role of Mitochondria in Metabolic Syndrome–Associated Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9196232. [PMID: 35783195 PMCID: PMC9246605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9196232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of society, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing rapidly. Evidence indicated that patients diagnosed with MS usually suffered from cardiomyopathy, called metabolic syndrome–associated cardiomyopathy (MSC). The clinical characteristics of MSC included cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, followed by heart failure. Despite many studies on this topic, the detailed mechanisms are not clear yet. As the center of cellular metabolism, mitochondria are crucial for maintaining heart function, while mitochondria dysfunction plays a vital role through mechanisms such as mitochondrial energy deprivation, calcium disorder, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) imbalance during the development of MSC. Accordingly, in this review, we will summarize the characteristics of MSC and especially focus on the mechanisms related to mitochondria. In addition, we will update new therapeutic strategies in this field.
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8
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El-Azab MF, Wakiel AE, Nafea YK, Youssef ME. Role of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in modulation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:387-407. [PMID: 35664549 PMCID: PMC9134026 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i5.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications, chiefly seen in long-term situations, are persistently deleterious to a large extent, requiring multi-factorial risk reduction strategies beyond glycemic control. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common deleterious diabetic complications, being the leading cause of mortality among diabetic patients. The mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy are multi-factorial, involving increased oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), activation of various pro-inflammatory and cell death signaling pathways, and changes in the composition of extracellular matrix with enhanced cardiac fibrosis. The novel lipid signaling system, the endocannabinoid system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications through its two main receptors: Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and cannabinoid receptor type 2, alongside other components. However, the role of the endocannabinoid system in diabetic cardiomyopathy has not been fully investigated. This review aims to elucidate the possible mechanisms through which cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system could interact with the pathogenesis and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. These mechanisms include oxidative/ nitrative stress, inflammation, accumulation of AGEs, cardiac remodeling, and autophagy. A better understanding of the role of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in diabetic cardiomyopathy may provide novel strategies to manipulate such a serious diabetic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F El-Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Wakiel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Yossef K Nafea
- Program of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 35511, New Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Longo M, Scappaticcio L, Cirillo P, Maio A, Carotenuto R, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Esposito K. Glycemic Control and the Heart: The Tale of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Continues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020272. [PMID: 35204778 PMCID: PMC8961546 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is an important complication of diabetes and represents a distinct subtype of heart failure that occurs in absence of cardiovascular diseases. Chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia along with insulin resistance and inflammatory milieu are the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of DC. Changes in lifestyle favoring healthy dietary patterns and physical activity, combined with more innovative anti-diabetes therapies, are the current treatment strategies to safeguard the cardiovascular system. This review aims at providing an updated comprehensive overview of clinical, pathogenetic, and molecular aspects of DC, with a focus on the effects of anti-hyperglycemic drugs on the prevention of pump dysfunction and consequently on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Longo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scappaticcio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Paolo Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Antonietta Maio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Raffaela Carotenuto
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellastella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-156-65031
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Zhao X, Liu S, Wang X, Chen Y, Pang P, Yang Q, Lin J, Deng S, Wu S, Fan G, Wang B. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Clinical phenotype and practice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032268. [PMID: 36568097 PMCID: PMC9767955 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition of cardiac structure and function changes in diabetic patients without coronary artery disease, hypertension, and other types of heart diseases. DCM is not uncommon in people with diabetes, which increases the risk of heart failure. However, the treatment is scarce, and the prognosis is poor. Since 1972, one clinical study after another on DCM has been conducted. However, the complex phenotype of DCM still has not been fully revealed. This dilemma hinders the pace of understanding the essence of DCM and makes it difficult to carry out penetrating clinical or basic research. This review summarizes the literature on DCM over the last 40 years and discusses the overall perspective of DCM, phase of progression, potential clinical indicators, diagnostic and screening criteria, and related randomized controlled trials to understand DCM better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Pai Pang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianjing Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaishuai Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Shentao Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xiqing, Tianjin, China
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Li N, Zhou H. SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Novel Player in the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4775-4788. [PMID: 33192053 PMCID: PMC7654518 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s269514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) characterized by diastolic and systolic dysfunction independently of hypertension and coronary heart disease, eventually develops into heart failure, which is strongly linked to a high prevalence of mortality in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter type2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are a novel type of hypoglycemic agent in increasing urinary glucose and sodium excretion. Excitingly, the EMPA-REG clinical trial proved that empagliflozin significantly reduced the relative risk of cardiovascular (CV) death and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) plus CV disease (CVD). The EMPRISE trial showed that empagliflozin decreased the risk of HHF in T2DM patients with and without a CVD history in routine care. These beneficial effects of SGLT2Is could not be entirely attributed to glucose-lowering or natriuretic action. There could be potential direct mechanisms of SGLT2Is in cardioprotection. Recent studies have shown the effects of SGLT2Is on cardiac iron homeostasis, mitochondrial function, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, antioxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, as well as GlcNAcylation in the heart. This article reviews the current literature on the effects of SGLT2Is on DCM in preclinical studies. Possible molecular mechanisms regarding potential benefits of SGLT2Is for DCM are highlighted, with the purpose of providing a novel strategy for preventing DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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12
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Li Y, Ma Q, Li P, Wang J, Wang M, Fan Y, Wang T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Proteomics reveals different pathological processes of adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle under insulin resistance. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6441-6461. [PMID: 32115712 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) is its core pathological mechanism. Proteomics is an ingenious and promising Omics technology that can comprehensively describe the global protein expression profiling of body or specific tissue, and is widely applied to the study of molecular mechanisms of diseases. In this paper, we focused on insulin target organs: adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, and analyzed the different pathological processes of IR in these three tissues based on proteomics research. By literature studies, we proposed that the main pathological processes of IR among target organs were diverse, which showed unique characteristics and focuses. We further summarized the differential proteins in target organs which were verified to be related to IR, and discussed the proteins that may play key roles in the emphasized pathological processes, aiming at discovering potentially specific differential proteins of IR, and providing new ideas for pathological mechanism research of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ferraro B, Donniacuo M, Sodano L, Ferraraccio F, Maisto R, Gulotta E, Pieretti G, D'Amico M, Trotta MC, Rinaldi B. Addition of the Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Benzofuroxane Derivative BF-5m to Prolonged and Moderate Exercise Training Enhanced Protection of the Rat Heart From Type-1 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:392. [PMID: 31040781 PMCID: PMC6476970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate exercise training may not be sufficient to exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system because of the long-term multifactorial etiology of diabetic complications. The addition of a proper pharmacological tool to the physical exercise should improve the outcomes of the diabetic damage. Here it is shown that 8 weeks exercise training of type 1 diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats resulted in a significantly increased heart rate, a 14% increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased plasma insulin levels and a 13% decrease in plasma glucose with respect to sedentary animals. The training also resulted in a 22% reduction in cardiac QT interval from a diabetic sedentary value of 185 ± 19 ms. Treatment of trained rats with the new antioxidant and NO-releasing aldose reductase 2 inhibitor 5(6)-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethoxy) benzofuroxane BF-5m, 20 mg/kg/day, added a further and significant (P < 0.01 vs. sedentary) increase of the LVEF up to 38% at 8 week time point. The long QT interval recorded in trained rats was reduced to further 12% by addition to the training of pharmacological treatment with 20 mg/kg/day BF-5m. At this time, the association of the two treatments improved the expression into the cardiac tissue of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and reduced the fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolo Ferraro
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Donniacuo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Sodano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Department of Clinical, Public and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maisto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Eliana Gulotta
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Surgical and Dental Specialities, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Rinaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Severino P, D'Amato A, Netti L, Pucci M, Infusino F, Maestrini V, Mancone M, Fedele F. Myocardial Ischemia and Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Oxidative Stress in the Connection between Cardiac Metabolism and Coronary Blood Flow. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9489826. [PMID: 31089475 PMCID: PMC6476021 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9489826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has several risk factors, among which diabetes mellitus represents one of the most important. In diabetic patients, the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia remains unclear yet: some have atherosclerotic plaque which obstructs coronary blood flow, others show myocardial ischemia due to coronary microvascular dysfunction in the absence of plaques in epicardial vessels. In the cross-talk between myocardial metabolism and coronary blood flow (CBF), ion channels have a main role, and, in diabetic patients, they are involved in the pathophysiology of IHD. The exposition to the different cardiovascular risk factors and the ischemic condition determine an imbalance of the redox state, defined as oxidative stress, which shows itself with oxidant accumulation and antioxidant deficiency. In particular, several products of myocardial metabolism, belonging to oxidative stress, may influence ion channel function, altering their capacity to modulate CBF, in response to myocardial metabolism, and predisposing to myocardial ischemia. For this reason, considering the role of oxidative and ion channels in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia, it is allowed to consider new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Amato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Netti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Pucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Infusino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Liao CM, Lin CM. Life Course Effects of Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Study in Taiwan Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102178. [PMID: 30301155 PMCID: PMC6209895 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to explore the dynamic effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle behaviors on the risks of metabolic syndrome (MS) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in life course. The data of 12,825 subjects (6616 males and 6209 females) who underwent repeated examinations and answered repeated questionnaires from 2006 to 2014 at the Major Health Screening Center in Taiwan, was collected and analyzed. The trajectory of trends in the subjects’ SES and lifestyle mobility over time was observed, and the effects of factors with potential impacts on health were tested and analyzed using multiple logistic regression and a generalized estimated equation model. A 10% increase in MS prevalence was observed over the nine-year period. The average Framingham CVD score for people with MS was estimated to be about 1.4% (SD = 1.5%). Except for middle-aged women, marriage was found to raise the risk of CVD, whereas increasing education and work promotions independently reduced CVD risk for the majority of subjects. However, the risk of CVD was raised by half for young men who had a job or lost a job in comparison to continuously unemployed young men. Physical activity was only found to be advantageous for disease prevention in those aged less than 40 years; increased exercise levels were useless for reducing CVD risk among older men. Alcohol drinking and betel chewing caused increased CVD risk in the old and young subjects, respectively, whereas vegetarian diets and vitamin C/E intake were helpful in preventing CVD, even if those habits were ceased in later life. For middle-aged women, getting sufficient sleep reduced CVD risk. We concluded that SES and lifestyle behaviors may have different effects on health over time, among various populations. Accordingly, suggestions can be provided to healthcare workers in designing health promotion courses for people at different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Mao Liao
- Department of Applied Statistics and Information Science, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, Teh-Ming Rd., Gwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Reduced Susceptibility to Sugar-Induced Metabolic Derangements and Impairments of Myocardial Redox Signaling in Mice Chronically Fed with D-Tagatose when Compared to Fructose. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5042428. [PMID: 30327714 PMCID: PMC6169220 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5042428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background D-tagatose is an isomer of fructose and is ~90% as sweet as sucrose with less caloric value. Nowadays, D-tagatose is used as a nutritive or low-calorie sweetener. Despite clinical findings suggesting that D-tagatose could be beneficial in subjects with type 2 diabetes, there are no experimental data comparing D-tagatose with fructose, in terms of metabolic derangements and related molecular mechanisms evoked by chronic exposure to these two monosaccharides. Materials and methods C57Bl/6j mice were fed with a control diet plus water (CD), a control diet plus 30% fructose syrup (L-Fr), a 30% fructose solid diet plus water (S-Fr), a control diet plus 30% D-tagatose syrup (L-Tg), or a 30% D-tagatose solid diet plus water (S-Tg), during 24 weeks. Results Both solid and liquid fructose feeding led to increased body weight, abnormal systemic glucose homeostasis, and an altered lipid profile. These effects were associated with vigorous increase in oxidative markers. None of these metabolic abnormalities were detected when mice were fed with both the solid and liquid D-tagatose diets, either at the systemic or at the local level. Interestingly, both fructose formulations led to significant Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) accumulation in mouse hearts, as well as a robust increase in both myocardial AGE receptor (RAGE) expression and NF-κB activation. In contrast, no toxicological effects were shown in hearts of mice chronically exposed to liquid or solid D-tagatose. Conclusion Our results clearly suggest that chronic overconsumption of D-tagatose in both formulations, liquid or solid, does not exert the same deleterious metabolic derangements evoked by fructose administration, due to differences in carbohydrate interference with selective proinflammatory and oxidative stress cascades.
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Jia G, Habibi J, Aroor AR, Hill MA, DeMarco VG, Lee LE, Ma L, Barron BJ, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Enhanced endothelium epithelial sodium channel signaling prompts left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in obese female mice. Metabolism 2018; 78:69-79. [PMID: 28920862 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enhanced activation of cell specific mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in obesity plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease including cardiac diastolic dysfunction as a critical prognosticator. Our previous investigations demonstrated that selective endothelium MR activation promotes a maladaptive inflammatory response and fibrosis in cardiovascular tissue in female mice fed a western diet (WD), and this was associated with expression and activation of the epithelial sodium channel on the surface of endothelial cells (EnNaC). However, the specific role of EnNaC signaling in the development of cardiac stiffness and diastolic dysfunction has not been examined. We hypothesized that targeted inhibition of EnNaC with low dose amiloride would prevent WD-induced diastolic dysfunction by suppressing abnormal endothelial permeability, inflammation and oxidative stress, and myocardial fibrosis. MATERIALS/METHODS Four week-old female C57BL6/J mice were fed a WD with or without a low dose of amiloride (1mg/kg/day) for 16weeks. Left ventricular cardiac function was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, we examined coronary vessel and cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, macrophage infiltration using immunohistochemistry, western blot and real time PCR. RESULTS Amiloride, an antagonist of EnNaC, attenuated WD-induced impairment of left ventricular initial filling rate and relaxation time. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction was associated with increases in coronary endothelium remodeling and permeability that paralleled WD-induced increases in F-actin and fibronectin, decreased expression of claudin-5 and occludin, and increased macrophage recruitment, M1 polarization, cardiac oxidative stress, fibrosis and maladaptive remodeling. CONCLUSION Our data support the concept that EnNaC activation mediates endothelium permeability which, in turn, promotes macrophage infiltration, M1 polarization, and oxidative stress, resulting in cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in females with diet induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Li E Lee
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri school of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri school of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Brady J Barron
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Chen X, Yu W, Li W, Zhang H, Huang W, Wang J, Zhu W, Fang Q, Chen C, Li X, Liang G. An anti-inflammatory chalcone derivative prevents heart and kidney from hyperlipidemia-induced injuries by attenuating inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 338:43-53. [PMID: 29128402 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing pandemic in both developed and developing countries. Lipid overload in obesity generates a chronic, low-grade inflammation state. Increased inflammation in heart and renal tissues has been shown to promote the progression of heart and renal damage in obesity. Previously, we found that a novel chalcone derivative, L6H21, inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L6H21 on inflammatory responses in culture and in animal models of lipid overload. We utilized palmitic acid (PA) challenging in mouse peritoneal macrophages and apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) to study whether L6H21 mitigates the inflammatory response. Our studies show that L6H21 significantly reduced PA-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) signaling pathways. L6H21 also reduced fibrosis in the kidney and heart tissues, and indices of inflammatory response in the ApoE-/- mice fed a HFD. These effects in vivo were also associated with inhibition of MAPK and NFκB signaling by L6H21. These findings strongly suggest that L6H21 may be a potential agent for high fat diet-induced injuries in heart and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Lee WS, Kim J. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: where we are and where we are going. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:404-421. [PMID: 28415836 PMCID: PMC5432803 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of diabetes mellitus and its related complications are currently increasing. Diabetes mellitus affects the heart through various mechanisms including microvascular impairment, metabolic disturbance, subcellular component abnormalities, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, and a maladaptive immune response. Eventually, diabetes mellitus can cause functional and structural changes in the myocardium without coronary artery disease, a disorder known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). There are many diagnostic tools and management options for DCM, although it is difficult to detect its development and effectively prevent its progression. In this review, we summarize the current research regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of DCM. Moreover, we discuss emerging diagnostic evaluation methods and treatment strategies for DCM, which may help our understanding of its underlying mechanisms and facilitate the identification of possible new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Jaetaek Kim, M.D. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea Tel: +82-2-6299-1397 Fax: +82-2-6299-1390 E-mail:
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Pelizzo G, Calcaterra V, Carlini V, Fusillo M, Manuelli M, Klersy C, Pasqua N, Luka E, Albertini R, De Amici M, Cena H. Nutritional status and metabolic profile in neurologically impaired pediatric surgical patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:289-300. [PMID: 28222035 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is reported in pediatric neuromotor disability and impacts the child's health. We described the nutritional and metabolic status in neurologically impaired (NI) children undergoing surgery. METHODS Anthropometry, body composition, hormonal and nutritional evaluations were performed in 44 NI subjects (13.7±8.0 years). Energy needs were calculated by Krick's formula. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined applying the following criteria (≥3 defined MS): fasting blood glucose >100 mg/dL and/or homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) >97.5th percentile, trygliceride level >95th percentile, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level <5th percentile, systolic/diastolic pressure >95th percentile; whilebody mass index - standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) <2 and biochemical malnutrition markers (≥2) defined undernutrition. RESULTS Energy intake was not adequate in 73.8% of the patients; no correlation between energy intake and BMI was noted. Undernutrition was noted in 34.1% of patients and MS in 11.36% of subjects. Fifty percent of the patients presented with insulin resistance, which was not related to BMI, body composition or other MS components. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional and metabolic monitoring of disabled children and young adults is recommended to prevent adverse outcomes associated with malnutrition.
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Reddy KE, Jeong J, Lee SD, Baek YC, Oh Y, Kim M, So KM, Kim DW, Kim JH, Park S, Lee HJ. Effect of different early weaning regimens for calves on adipogenic gene expression in Hanwoo loin at the fattening stage. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yang C, Zhang C, Yuan J, Cui J, Liu S, Hu F, Yang W, Bi X, Qiao S. Sex-related differences in the associations between plasma free fatty acid levels and clinical features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:63. [PMID: 27924218 PMCID: PMC5123328 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have indicated that inefficient energy utilization may play a pivotal role in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, whether plasma free fatty acid (FFA), a main energy substrate of heart, has an effect on HCM remains unclear. Besides, several studies have suggested sex-related differences in HCM features and FFA metabolism. Here, we aimed to explore the association between plasma FFA levels and HCM and potential effects of sex on this relation. Methods A total of 412 patients (age 47.8 ± 12.7 years, 243 males (59.0%)) with HCM were recruited. Complete medical history was collected. Echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) were performed. Fasting plasma FFA was determined by clinical laboratory. Left ventricular mass (LVM), maximum wall thickness (MWT), and left atrium diameter (LAD) were assessed with CMRI. Results The median FFA levels were 0.38 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.27–0.52) mmol/L in men and 0.40 (IQR 0.30–0.59) mmol/L in women. The FFA levels were significantly lower in men compared with those in women (p = 0.005). Compared with women, men had greater LVM index (LVMI) (96.8 ± 37.6 vs. 78.6 ± 31.5 g/m2, p < 0.001). FFA levels in male patients correlated positively with LVM, LVMI, LAD, cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). However, none of these variables were significantly associated with sqrt (FFA) in female patients except a borderline correlation of LAD (p = 0.050). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in male patients and revealed that HDL-C (β = 0.191, p = 0.002), heart rate (β = 0.182, p = 0.004), SBP (β = 0.167, p = 0.007), LVMI (β = 0.132, p = 0.032), and LAD (β = 0.165, p = 0.009) were independently associated with increasing FFA levels. Conclusions In patients with HCM, LVMI, LAD, HDL-C, SBP, and heart rate were independently associated with increasing plasma FFA levels in males, whereas not in females. These results suggest that sex may affect the pathogenesis of HCM through influencing FFA metabolism. And these sex-related differences should be taken into account in therapeutic approaches to influence myocardial FFA metabolism in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Jingang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Fenghuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Weixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Xuanye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 China
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In Vivo Interrelationship between Insulin Resistance and Interferon Gamma Production: Protective and Therapeutic Effect of Berberine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2039897. [PMID: 27642351 PMCID: PMC5013203 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2039897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate if there is a relation between insulin resistance incidence and inhibition of interferon gamma production or not. Firstly, insulin resistance was induced by high fat diet (HFD) intake for 6 weeks. Secondly, berberine was used as protective/curative compound for insulin resistance. Results revealed that feeding rats HFD for 6 weeks developed features of insulin resistance (IR) syndrome. These features presented in increased body weight, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia (with increased LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol), and hypertriglyceridemia. Level of antioxidant enzymes in HFD group was higher than in normal one. Also there was an increasing in level of proinflammatory cytokines as interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL-12 in HFD group. Feeding rats HFD for 6 weeks also decreased level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The decreased level of IFN-γ has been shown to predict infection with infectious diseases especially viral infection. Treatment and protection with berberine 50 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks were found to be effective against the features of insulin resistance syndrome, improved levels of insulin resistance parameters, lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, and IFN-γ.
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Kim J, Choi YH. Physical activity, dietary vitamin C, and metabolic syndrome in the Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2012. Public Health 2016; 135:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated hyperinsulinaemia can promote the development of a specific form of cardiomyopathy that is independent of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, this form of cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed nations, and the prevalence of this condition is rising in parallel with increases in the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of note, female patients seem to be particularly susceptible to the development of this complication of metabolic disease. The diabetic cardiomyopathy observed in insulin- resistant or hyperinsulinaemic states is characterized by impaired myocardial insulin signalling, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impaired calcium homeostasis, abnormal coronary microcirculation, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and maladaptive immune responses. These pathophysiological changes result in oxidative stress, fibrosis, hypertrophy, cardiac diastolic dysfunction and eventually systolic heart failure. This Review highlights a surge in diabetic cardiomyopathy research, summarizes current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning this condition and explores potential preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, D109 Diabetes Center HSC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, D109 Diabetes Center HSC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, D109 Diabetes Center HSC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
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Sahraoui A, Dewachter C, de Medina G, Naeije R, Aouichat Bouguerra S, Dewachter L. Myocardial Structural and Biological Anomalies Induced by High Fat Diet in Psammomys obesus Gerbils. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148117. [PMID: 26840416 PMCID: PMC4740502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psammomys obesus gerbils are particularly prone to develop diabetes and obesity after brief period of abundant food intake. A hypercaloric high fat diet has been shown to affect cardiac function. Here, we sought to determine whether a short period of high fat feeding might alter myocardial structure and expression of calcium handling proteins in this particular strain of gerbils. METHODS Twenty Psammomys obesus gerbils were randomly assigned to receive a normal plant diet (controls) or a high fat diet. At baseline and 16-week later, body weight, plasma biochemical parameters (including lipid and carbohydrate levels) were evaluated. Myocardial samples were collected for pathobiological evaluation. RESULTS Sixteen-week high fat dieting resulted in body weight gain and hyperlipidemia, while levels of carbohydrates remained unchanged. At myocardial level, high fat diet induced structural disorganization, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, lipid accumulation, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and increased number of infiltrating neutrophils. Myocardial expressions of pro-apoptotic Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio, pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α], intercellular (ICAM1) and vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM1) increased, while gene encoding cardiac muscle protein, the alpha myosin heavy polypeptide (MYH6), was downregulated. Myocardial expressions of sarco(endo)plasmic calcium-ATPase (SERCA2) and voltage-dependent calcium channel (Cacna1c) decreased, while protein kinase A (PKA) and calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK2D) expressions increased. Myocardial expressions of ryanodine receptor, phospholamban and sodium/calcium exchanger (Slc8a1) did not change. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a relative short period of high fat diet in Psammomys obesus results in severe alterations of cardiac structure, activation of inflammatory and apoptotic processes, and altered expression of calcium-cycling determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Sahraoui
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Team of Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology, El Alia, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Céline Dewachter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey de Medina
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Naeije
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Souhila Aouichat Bouguerra
- Team of Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology, El Alia, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Laurence Dewachter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Kang KW, Kim OS, Chin JY, Kim WH, Park SH, Choi YJ, Shin JH, Jung KT, Lim DS, Lee SK. Diastolic Dysfunction Induced by a High-Fat Diet Is Associated with Mitochondrial Abnormality and Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in Rats. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:557-68. [PMID: 26790384 PMCID: PMC4722412 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.4.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is well-known as a risk factor for heart failure, including diastolic dysfunction. However, this mechanism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cardiac dysfunction develops when rats are fed with a HFD for 10 weeks; additionally, we sought to investigate the association between mitochondrial abnormalities, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and cardiac dysfunction. METHODS We examined myocardia in Wistar rats after 10 weeks of HFD (45 kcal% fat, n=6) or standard diet (SD, n=6). Echocardiography, histomorphologic analysis, and electron microscopy were performed. The expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunit genes, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) and anti-oxidant enzymes were assessed. Markers of oxidative stress damage, mitochondrial DNA copy number and myocardial ATP level were also examined. RESULTS After 10 weeks, the body weight of the HFD group (349.6±22.7 g) was significantly higher than that of the SD group (286.8±14.9 g), and the perigonadal and epicardial fat weights of the HFD group were significantly higher than that of the SD group. Histomorphologic and electron microscopic images were similar between the two groups. However, in the myocardium of the HFD group, the expression levels of OXPHOS subunit NDUFB5 in complex I and PGC1α, and the mitochondrial DNA copy number were decreased and the oxidative stress damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was increased, accompanied by reduced ATP levels. CONCLUSION Diastolic dysfunction was accompanied by the mitochondrial abnormality and reduced ATP levels in the myocardium of 10 weeks-HFD-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Woon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ok Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do Seon Lim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Eulji University College of Health Science, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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Holzem KM, Marmerstein JT, Madden EJ, Efimov IR. Diet-induced obesity promotes altered remodeling and exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy following pressure overload. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/8/e12489. [PMID: 26290533 PMCID: PMC4562575 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the end stage of cardiovascular disease, in which hypertrophic remodeling no longer meets cardiac output demand. Established animal models of HF have provided insights into disease pathogenesis. However, these models are developed on dissimilar metabolic backgrounds from humans – patients with HF are frequently overweight or obese, whereas animal models of HF are typically lean. Thus, we aimed to develop and investigate model for cardiac hypertrophy and failure that also recapitulates the cardiometabolic state of HF in humans. We subjected mice with established diet-induced obesity (DIO) to cardiac pressure overload provoked by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Briefly, we fed WT male mice a normal chow or high-fat diet for 10 weeks prior to sham/TAC procedures and until surgical follow-up. We then analyzed cardiac hypertrophy, mechanical function, and electrophysiology at 5–6 weeks after surgery. In DIO mice with TAC, hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction were exacerbated relative to chow TAC animals, which showed minimal remodeling with our moderate constriction intensity. Normalized heart weight was 55.8% greater and fractional shortening was 30.9% less in DIO TAC compared with chow TAC hearts. However, electrophysiologic properties were surprisingly similar between DIO sham and TAC animals. To examine molecular pathways activated by DIO and TAC, we screened prohypertrophic signaling cascades, and the exacerbated remodeling was associated with early activation of the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) signaling pathway. Thus, DIO aggravates the progression of hypertrophy and HF caused by pressure overload, which is associated with JNK1/2 signaling, and cardiometabolic state can significantly modify HF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Holzem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph T Marmerstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eli J Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Elmariah S. Patterns of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Aortic Stenosis: Therapeutic Implications. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2015; 17:391. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-015-0391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Porcar-Almela M, Codoñer-Franch P, Tuzón M, Navarro-Solera M, Carrasco-Luna J, Ferrando J. Left ventricular diastolic function and cardiometabolic factors in obese normotensive children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:108-115. [PMID: 25439663 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic function have been found to be associated with obesity and hypertension in adults. However, there are scarce data about the association of obesity itself to cardiac alteration in children. The aim of this study was to detect early changes in LV structure and function in obese children and whether they are associated with the biomarkers of metabolic risk and endothelial activation. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 130 children aged 7-16 years (88 obese and 42 normal-weight children) were studied. All children had normal resting blood pressure. Two-dimensional ultrasound with M-mode imaging was performed to assess the LV mass index (LVMi), calculated as LV mass/height(2.7), and the peak diastolic of pulmonary venous flow velocity (PVFD). Tissue Doppler imaging was used to analyze ventricular performance through the ratio of the transmitral peak early filling velocity to the early average diastolic peak myocardial velocity (E/E'). The indicators of metabolic control, inflammation, and endothelial cell activation were evaluated. Compared to the controls, the obese subjects had significantly higher LVMi and E/E' and lower PVFD values, the two latest being found especially in severely obese subjects. In the multivariate analysis, the parameters of diastolic function (E/E' and PVFD) were independently associated with obesity, apolipoprotein A1, soluble vascular cell endothelial molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4). CONCLUSION An echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic function is a useful tool to detect early cardiac changes in obese children. Emergent cardiovascular risk markers such as apolipoprotein A1, RBP4, and sVCAM-1 are associated with the parameters of diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Porcar-Almela
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Tuzón
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Navarro-Solera
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Carrasco-Luna
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Experimental Science, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrando
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Effects of total vitamin A, vitamin C, and fruit intake on risk for metabolic syndrome in Korean women and men. Nutrition 2015; 31:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abdurrachim D, Ciapaite J, Wessels B, Nabben M, Luiken JJ, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction in high-fat diet fed mice is associated with lipotoxicity without impairment of cardiac energetics in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1525-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Jia G, Aroor AR, Martinez-Lemus LA, Sowers JR. Overnutrition, mTOR signaling, and cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1198-206. [PMID: 25253086 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00262.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated medical disorders has increased dramatically in the United States and throughout much of the world in the past decade. Obesity, induced by excess intake of carbohydrates and fats, is a major cause of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. There is emerging evidence that excessive nutrient intake promotes signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which, in turn, may lead to alterations of cellular metabolic signaling leading to insulin resistance and obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney disease, as well as cancer. While the pivotal role of mTOR signaling in regulating metabolic stress, autophagy, and adaptive immune responses has received increasing attention, there remain many gaps in our knowledge regarding this important nutrient sensor. For example, the precise cellular signaling mechanisms linking excessive nutrient intake and enhanced mTOR signaling with increased cardiovascular and kidney disease, as well as cancer, are not well understood. In this review, we focus on the effects that the interaction between excess intake of nutrients and enhanced mTOR signaling have on the promotion of obesity-associated diseases and potential therapeutic strategies involving targeting mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R Sowers
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Bostick B, Habibi J, Ma L, Aroor A, Rehmer N, Hayden MR, Sowers JR. Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibition prevents diastolic dysfunction and reduces myocardial fibrosis in a mouse model of Western diet induced obesity. Metabolism 2014; 63:1000-11. [PMID: 24933400 PMCID: PMC4128682 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of a high-fat/high-fructose Western diet (WD) is linked to rising obesity and heart disease, particularly diastolic dysfunction which characterizes early obesity/metabolic cardiomyopathy. Mounting evidence supports a role for inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the pathophysiology of metabolic cardiomyopathy. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a circulating exopeptidase recently reported to be elevated in the plasma of patients with insulin resistance (IR), obesity and heart failure. We hypothesized that a model of WD induced obesity/metabolic cardiomyopathy would exhibit increased DPP-4 activity and cardiac fibrosis with DPP-4 inhibition preventing cardiac fibrosis and the associated diastolic dysfunction. MATERIALS/METHODS Four-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose WD with the DPP-4 inhibitor MK0626 for 16 weeks. Cardiac function was examined by high-resolution cine-cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Phenotypic analysis included measurements of body and heart weight, systemic IR and DPP-4 activity. Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to identify underlying pathologic mechanisms. RESULTS We found that chronic WD consumption caused obesity, IR, elevated plasma DPP-4 activity, heart enlargement and diastolic dysfunction. DPP-4 inhibition with MK0626 in WD fed mice resulted in >75% reduction in plasma DPP-4 activity, improved IR and normalized diastolic relaxation. WD consumption induced myocardial oxidant stress and fibrosis with amelioration by MK0626. TEM of hearts from WD fed mice revealed abnormal mitochondrial and perivascular ultrastructure partially corrected by MK0626. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a role for increased DPP-4 activity in metabolic cardiomyopathy and a potential role for DPP-4 inhibition in prevention and/or correction of oxidant stress/fibrosis and associated diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bostick
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nathan Rehmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Jia G, Sowers JR. Autophagy: a housekeeper in cardiorenal metabolic health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:219-24. [PMID: 24984281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, literally translated means self-eating, is a primary degradative pathway and plays an important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis through elimination of aggregated proteins, damaged organelles, and intracellular pathogens. Autophagy has been classified into microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy, depending on the choice of the pathway by which the cellular material is delivered to lysosomes. Dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to the development of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS), including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, maladaptive immune modulation, and associated cardiac and renal disease. Clarifying the pathways and mechanisms of autophagy under normal conditions is essential to understanding its dysregulation in the development of CRS. Here, we highlight a recent surge in autophagy research, such as the cellular quality control through the disposal and recycling of cellular components, and summarize our contemporary understanding of molecular mechanisms of autophagy in diverse organ or tissues involved in the pathogenesis of CRS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Rassi AN, Pibarot P, Elmariah S. Left ventricular remodelling in aortic stenosis. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:1004-11. [PMID: 25151283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive condition associated with high mortality if not treated. The hemodynamic effects of AS have serious implications for the left ventricle. In this review, we describe the responses of the left ventricle to AS by highlighting the process of adaptive remodelling, which begins as a beneficial compensatory mechanism but ultimately transitions to a maladaptive process with potentially irreversible consequences. We discuss the impact of left ventricular (LV) remodelling on diastolic and systolic function and on the development of symptoms. In addition, we review the adverse consequences of maladaptive LV remodelling on clinical outcomes before and after aortic valve replacement. The relative irreversibility of maladaptive remodelling and the clear relationship between its progression and clinical outcomes suggest a need to incorporate measures of LV performance beyond simply systolic function when deciding on the timing of valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Rassi
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sammy Elmariah
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
The detrimental pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) leaves room for physiologic and metabolomic concepts that include supplementation of micronutrients and macronutrients in these patients. Hence myocardial energetics and nutrient metabolism may represent relevant treatment targets in HF. This review focuses on the role of nutritive compounds such as lipids, amino acids, antioxidants, and other trace elements in the setting of HF. Supplementation of ferric carboxymaltose improves iron status, functional capacity, and quality of life in HF patients. To close the current gap in evidence further interventional studies investigating the role of micro- and macronutrients are needed in this setting.
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Letonja M, Petrovič D. Is diabetic cardiomyopathy a specific entity? World J Cardiol 2014; 6:8-13. [PMID: 24527183 PMCID: PMC3920165 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterised by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, the pathogenetic and pathomorphological changes leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes are discussed. Changes in metabolic signalling pathways, mediators and effectors contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in DM called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Echocardiographic studies report on the association between DM and the presence of cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial stiffness that lead to diastolic dysfunction. More recently reported echocardiographic studies with more sensitive techniques, such as strain analysis, also observed systolic dysfunction as an early marker of DC. Depression of systolic and diastolic function is continuum and the line of separation is artificial. To conclude, according to current knowledge, DC is expected to be a common single phenotype that is caused by different pathogenetic and pathomorphological changes leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes.
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Chou IP, Chiu YP, Ding ST, Liu BH, Lin YY, Chen CY. Adiponectin receptor 1 overexpression reduces lipid accumulation and hypertrophy in the heart of diet-induced obese mice--possible involvement of oxidative stress and autophagy. Endocr Res 2014; 39:173-9. [PMID: 24679155 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2013.879165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and 2) play important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Obesity, type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease are highly correlated with downregulated adiponectin signaling; however, research has not clarified the functions of AdipoR1 in vivo. METHODS In this study, mice were induced to overexpress the AdipoR1 transgene so that its functions could be studied in relation to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Wild-type and AdipoR1-transgenic male mice were fed ad libitum with a standard chow diet or else a high-fat/sucrose diet (HFSD) for 24 weeks, beginning at 6-7 weeks of age. RESULTS After receiving the 24-week HFSD, AdipoR1-transgenic mice did not become obese, nor did they develop heart hypertrophy. The AdipoR1 transgene decreased the elevating cardiac troponin I expression caused by the HFSD. While the HFSD induced mRNA expression of CD36 and CPTI, AdipoR1 reversed it. Suppression of cardiac SOD mRNA expression by the HFSD was improved by the AdipoR1 transgene. The HFSD caused a higher autophagic gene expression of Beclin 1 and Lamp 2 A in the heart, whereas the AdipoR1 transgene ameliorated them. CONCLUSIONS The AdipoR1 transgene enabled mice to resist diet-induced obesity while decreasing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and autophagic damage. These effects might contribute to the improvement of heart functions in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Pin Chou
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan and
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40
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Whaley-Connell AT, Habibi J, Aroor A, Ma L, Hayden MR, Ferrario CM, Demarco VG, Sowers JR. Salt loading exacerbates diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in young female Ren2 rats. Metabolism 2013; 62:1761-71. [PMID: 24075738 PMCID: PMC3833978 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data would suggest pre-menopausal insulin resistant women are more prone to diastolic dysfunction than men, yet it is unclear why. We and others have reported that transgenic (mRen2)27 (Ren2) rats overexpressing the murine renin transgene are insulin resistant due to oxidative stress in insulin sensitive tissues. As increased salt intake promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, we hypothesized that excess dietary salt would promote diastolic dysfunction in transgenic females under conditions of excess tissue Ang II and circulating aldosterone levels. MATERIALS/METHODS For this purpose we evaluated cardiac function in young female Ren2 rats or age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) littermates exposed to a high (4%) salt or normal rat chow intake for three weeks. RESULTS Compared to SD littermates, at 10weeks of age, female Ren2 rats fed normal chow showed elevations in left ventricular (LV) systolic pressures, LV and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and displayed reductions in LV initial filling rate accompanied by increases in 3-nitrotyrosine content as a marker of oxidant stress. Following 3weeks of a salt diet, female Ren2 rats exhibited no further changes in LV systolic pressure, insulin resistance, or markers of hypertrophy but exaggerated increases in type 1 collagen, 3-nitrotryosine content, and diastolic dysfunction. These findings occurred in parallel with ultrastructural findings of pericapillary fibrosis, increased LV remodeling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that a diet high in salt in hypertensive female Ren2 rats promotes greater oxidative stress, maladaptive LV remodeling, fibrosis, and associated diastolic dysfunction without further changes in LV systolic pressure or hypertrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Collagen/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/chemically induced
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/pathology
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/physiology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Transgenic
- Sodium, Dietary/pharmacology
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri School of Medicine, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Nuclear tropomyosin and troponin in striated muscle: new roles in a new locale? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2013; 34:275-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-013-9356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lee HJ, Jang M, Kim H, Kwak W, Park W, Hwang JY, Lee CK, Jang GW, Park MN, Kim HC, Jeong JY, Seo KS, Kim H, Cho S, Lee BY. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Adipose Tissues Reveals that ECM-Receptor Interaction Is Involved in the Depot-Specific Adipogenesis in Cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66267. [PMID: 23805208 PMCID: PMC3689780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes mainly function as energy storage and endocrine cells. Adipose tissues showed the biological and genetic difference based on their depots. The difference of adipocytes between depots might be influenced by the inherent genetic programing for adipogenesis. We used RNA-seq technique to investigate the transcriptomes in 3 adipose tissues of omental (O), subcutaneous (S) and intramuscular (I) fats in cattle. Sequence reads were obtained from Illumina HiSeq2000 and mapped to the bovine genome using Tophat2. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) between adipose tissues were detected by EdgeR. We identified 5797, 2156, and 5455 DEGs in the comparison between OI, OS, and IS respectively and also found 5657 DEGs in the comparison between the intramuscular and the combined omental and subcutaneous fats (C) (FDR<0.01). Depot specifically up- and down- regulated DEGs were 853 in S, 48 in I, and 979 in O. The numbers of DEGs and functional annotation studies suggested that I had the different genetic profile compared to other two adipose tissues. In I, DEGs involved in the developmental process (eg. EGR2, FAS, and KLF7) were up-regulated and those in the immune system process were down-regulated. Many DEGs from the adipose tissues were enriched in the various GO terms of developmental process and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the ECM-receptor interaction was one of commonly enriched pathways in all of the 3 adipose tissues and also functioned as a sub-pathway of other enriched pathways. However, genes involved in the ECM-receptor interaction were differentially regulated depending on the depots. Collagens, main ECM constituents, were significantly up-regulated in S and integrins, transmembrane receptors, were up-regulated in I. Different laminins were up-regulated in the different depots. This comparative transcriptome analysis of three adipose tissues suggested that the interactions between ECM components and transmembrane receptors of fat cells depend on the depot specific adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongmin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Kwak
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - WonCheoul Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gul Won Jang
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Na Park
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Cheol Kim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Blüher S, Raschpichler M, Hirsch W, Till H. A case report and review of the literature of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese adolescents: beyond metabolic surgery and visceral fat reduction. Metabolism 2013; 62:761-7. [PMID: 23219586 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on safety, effectiveness and amelioration of metabolic comorbidities are scarce for adolescents undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS Data on a 17 year-old female who underwent LSG due to morbid obesity and quantification of visceral adipose tissue (VAT)/hepatic fat (HF) by MRI scan are presented. In addition, a review of the literature related to LSG in adolescent obesity is provided [search terms: laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, adolescence, obesity]. RESULTS Pre-existing comorbidities in our patient included insulin resistance, NASH (HF: 28%) and hyperuricemia. BMI dropped from 52.9 kg/m(2) to 40.4 and 35.0 kg/m(2) after 6 and 24 months, respectively, following LSG. VAT dropped by 49.2% and by 71.5% within 6 and 24 months, accompanied by a decrease of HF to 1.53% and to 0.85%, respectively. Improvements of metabolic parameters towards normal range, which were reached within 6 months following LSG, could be maintained for 2 years. The review of the literature revealed that 9 original papers on LSG in adolescent obesity are available to date, ranging from single case presentations to case series of 108 patients and including children and adolescents 8-18 years. CONCLUSIONS LSG is a safe and - in the short term - effective bariatric procedure for adolescent obesity (follow up 24 months). Long-term results with larger numbers of patients and involving additional features, such as quantification of VAT and HF as markers of metabolic risk and insulin resistance, are warranted to further understand the effectiveness and safety and to further explore the long-term benefits of this procedure in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Blüher
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Savini I, Catani MV, Evangelista D, Gasperi V, Avigliano L. Obesity-associated oxidative stress: strategies finalized to improve redox state. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10497-538. [PMID: 23698776 PMCID: PMC3676851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major risk factor for a plethora of severe diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is often accompanied by an increased risk of mortality and, in the case of non-fatal health problems, the quality of life is impaired because of associated conditions, including sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and infertility. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be the mechanistic link between obesity and related complications. In obese patients, antioxidant defenses are lower than normal weight counterparts and their levels inversely correlate with central adiposity; obesity is also characterized by enhanced levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Inadequacy of antioxidant defenses probably relies on different factors: obese individuals may have a lower intake of antioxidant- and phytochemical-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes; otherwise, consumption of antioxidant nutrients is normal, but obese individuals may have an increased utilization of these molecules, likewise to that reported in diabetic patients and smokers. Also inadequate physical activity may account for a decreased antioxidant state. In this review, we describe current concepts in the meaning of obesity as a state of chronic oxidative stress and the potential interventions to improve redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Tsatsoulis A, Mantzaris MD, Bellou S, Andrikoula M. Insulin resistance: an adaptive mechanism becomes maladaptive in the current environment - an evolutionary perspective. Metabolism 2013; 62:622-33. [PMID: 23260798 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human survival has relied upon the ability to withstand starvation through energy storage, the capacity to fight off infection by a proinflammatory immune response, and the ability to cope with physical stressors by an adaptive stress response. Energy storage, mainly as glycogen in liver and triglycerides in adipose tissue, is regulated by the anabolic actions of insulin. On the other hand, mobilization of stored energy during infection, trauma or stress is served by the temporary inhibition of insulin action (insulin resistance) in target tissues by proinflammatory cytokines and stress hormones. In the current environment, high energy intake, low physical activity, and chronic stress favor the storage of surplus fat in adipose tissue depots that far exceeds their storage capacity and liporegulation. Lipid overload in central fat depots initiates an inflammatory response and adipocyte dysfunction with resultant low-grade systemic inflammation and lipid overflow to peripheral tissues. In turn, proinflammatory cytokines and non-oxidized lipid metabolites, accumulated in liver and muscle cells, activate the mechanism of insulin resistance as would occur in the case of infection or stress. The same factors together with the ensuing insulin resistance further contribute to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and ultimately to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The present review supports the hypothesis that insulin resistance evolved as a physiological adaptive mechanism in human survival and that the same mechanism is inappropriately activated on a chronic basis in the current environment, leading to the manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathocles Tsatsoulis
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Abstract
Obesity is an increasing epidemic in the United States, with approximately 70% of Americans falling into either the overweight or obese categories. There also has been a global increase in the number of obese individuals worldwide, and an estimated one in ten of the world's adult population are overweight or obese. The number of overweight and obese children also has greatly increased, which likely will predispose them to earlier onset of obesity-related morbidity and mortality and further contribute to the burden obesity places on society. Obesity is a preventable and treatable cause of many systemic diseases affecting the heart, liver, lungs, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems. Though it affects almost all organ systems, this state of over-nutrition induces abnormalities that culminate in changes in hemodynamics, heart structure, cardiac myocyte metabolism, and coronary artery disease that often lead to consequences such as systemic and pulmonary hypertension, obesity cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and/or sudden cardiac death. Despite the prevalence of obesity in our current society, the exact effects on health are still being elucidated and, interestingly, there are some data to suggest certain populations of obese individuals may have less cardiovascular morbidity than their non-obese counterparts. Forensic pathologists should be aware of the effects of obesity, particularly on the cardiovascular system, as the number of these decedents seen at forensic autopsy increases. This review describes the non-atherosclerotic effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine F. Maloney
- New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY
- Department of Forensic Medicine at New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Candace H. Schoppe
- City Medical Examiner at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner
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47
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Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Life Sci 2012; 92:601-8. [PMID: 23147391 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a widespread chronic medical condition with prevalence bordering on the verge of an epidemic. It is of great concern that cardiovascular disease is more common in patients with diabetes than the non-diabetic population. While hypertensive and ischemic heart disease is more common in diabetic patients, there is another type of heart disease in diabetes that is not associated with hypertension or coronary artery disease. This muscle functional disorder is termed "diabetic cardiomyopathy". Diastolic dysfunction characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation time and reduced contractility precedes systolic dysfunction and is the main pathogenic hallmark of this condition. Even though the pathogenesis of "diabetic cardiomyopathy" is still controversial, impaired cardiac insulin sensitivity and metabolic overload are emerging as major molecular and metabolic mechanisms for cardiac dysfunction. Systemic insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dysregulation of adipokine secretion, increases in circulating levels of inflammatory mediators, aberrant activation of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), and increased oxidative stress contribute dysregulated insulin and metabolic signaling in the heart and development of diastolic dysfunction. In addition, maladaptive calcium homeostasis and endothelial cell dysregulation endoplasmic reticular stress play a potential role in cardiomyocyte fibrosis/diastolic dysfunction. In this review, we will focus on emerging molecular and metabolic pathways underlying cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Elucidation of these mechanisms should provide a better understanding of the various cardiac abnormalities associated with diastolic dysfunction and its progression to systolic dysfunction and heart failure.
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Kindo M, Gerelli S, Bouitbir J, Charles AL, Zoll J, Hoang Minh T, Monassier L, Favret F, Piquard F, Geny B. Pressure overload-induced mild cardiac hypertrophy reduces left ventricular transmural differences in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and increases oxidative stress. Front Physiol 2012; 3:332. [PMID: 22934079 PMCID: PMC3428974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increased mechanical stress and contractility characterizes normal left ventricular (LV) subendocardium (Endo) but whether Endo mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities is reduced as compared to subepicardium (Epi) and whether pressure overload-induced LV hypertrophy (LVH) might modulate transmural gradients through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is unknown. Methods: LVH was induced by 6 weeks abdominal aortic banding and cardiac structure and function were determined with echocardiography and catheterization in sham-operated and LVH rats (n = 10 for each group). Mitochondrial respiration rates, coupling, content and ROS production were measured in LV Endo and Epi, using saponin-permeabilized fibers, Amplex Red fluorescence and citrate synthase activity. Results: In sham, a transmural respiratory gradient was observed with decreases in endo maximal oxidative capacity (−36.7%, P < 0.01) and complex IV activity (−57.4%, P < 0.05). Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was similar in both LV layers. Aortic banding induced mild LVH (+31.7% LV mass), associated with normal LV fractional shortening and end diastolic pressure. LVH reduced maximal oxidative capacity (−23.6 and −33.3%), increased mitochondrial H2O2 production (+86.9 and +73.1%), free radical leak (+27.2% and +36.3%) and citrate synthase activity (+27.2% and +36.3%) in Endo and Epi, respectively. Transmural mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV activity was reduced in LVH (−57.4 vs. −12.2%; P = 0.02). Conclusions: Endo mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities are reduced compared to LV Epi. Mild LVH impairs mitochondrial oxidative capacity, increases oxidative stress and reduces transmural complex IV activity. Further studies will be helpful to determine whether reduced LV transmural gradient in mitochondrial respiration might be a new marker of a transition from uncomplicated toward complicated LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Kindo
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire, Pôle d'activité médico-chirurgicale Cardiovasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires, CHRU Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
This article addresses the issue of insulin resistance and associated reductions in cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, which is emerging as a major factor in the development of heart failure, and assumes more importance because of an epidemic increase in obesity and the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome in our aging population. The effects of cardiac insulin resistance are exacerbated by metabolic, endocrine, and cytokine alterations associated with systemic insulin resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms linking insulin resistance and heart failure may help to design new and more effective mechanism-based drugs to improve myocardial and systemic insulin resistance.
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