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Oliveira M, Antunes W, Mota S, Madureira-Carvalho Á, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Dias da Silva D. An Overview of the Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1920. [PMID: 39338594 PMCID: PMC11434382 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), frequently considered a major global public health threat, requires a comprehensive understanding of its emergence, mechanisms, advances, and implications. AMR's epidemiological landscape is characterized by its widespread prevalence and constantly evolving patterns, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) creating new challenges every day. The most common mechanisms underlying AMR (i.e., genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressure) contribute to the emergence and dissemination of new resistant strains. Therefore, mitigation strategies (e.g., antibiotic stewardship programs-ASPs-and infection prevention and control strategies-IPCs) emphasize the importance of responsible antimicrobial use and surveillance. A One Health approach (i.e., the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health) highlights the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration and holistic strategies in combating AMR. Advancements in novel therapeutics (e.g., alternative antimicrobial agents and vaccines) offer promising avenues in addressing AMR challenges. Policy interventions at the international and national levels also promote ASPs aiming to regulate antimicrobial use. Despite all of the observed progress, AMR remains a pressing concern, demanding sustained efforts to address emerging threats and promote antimicrobial sustainability. Future research must prioritize innovative approaches and address the complex socioecological dynamics underlying AMR. This manuscript is a comprehensive resource for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals seeking to navigate the complex AMR landscape and develop effective strategies for its mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Wilson Antunes
- Instituto Universitário Militar, CINAMIL, Unidade Militar Laboratorial de Defesa Biológica e Química, Avenida Doutor Alfredo Bensaúde, 4 piso, do LNM, 1849-012 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Salete Mota
- ULSEDV—Unidade Local De Saúde De Entre Douro Vouga, Unidade de Santa Maria da Feira e Hospital S. Sebastião, Rua Dr. Cândido Pinho, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Áurea Madureira-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- FOREN—Forensic Science Experts, Avenida Dr. Mário Moutinho 33-A, 1400-136 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (Á.M.-C.); (D.D.d.S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Forensics and Biomedical Sciences Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Serwecińska L, Font-Nájera A, Strapagiel D, Lach J, Tołoczko W, Bołdak M, Urbaniak M. Sewage sludge fertilization affects microbial community structure and its resistome in agricultural soils. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21034. [PMID: 39251745 PMCID: PMC11385149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Global sewage sludge production is rapidly increasing, and its safe disposal is becoming an increasingly serious issue. One of the main methods of municipal sewage sludge management is based on its agricultural use. The wastewater and sewage sludge contain numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and its microbiome differs significantly from the soil microbial community. The aim of the study was to assess the changes occurring in the soil microbial community and resistome after the addition of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in central Poland, from which the sludge is used for fertilizing agricultural soils on a regular basis. This study used a high-throughput shotgun metagenomics approach to compare the microbial communities and ARGs present in two soils fertilized with sewage sludge. The two soils represented different land uses and different physicochemical and granulometric properties. Both soils were characterized by a similar taxonomic composition of the bacterial community, despite dissimilarities between soils properties. Five phyla predominated, viz. Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes, and they were present in comparable proportions in both soils. Network analysis revealed that the application of sewage sludge resulted in substantial qualitative and quantitative changes in bacterial taxonomic profile, with most abundant phyla being considerably depleted and replaced by Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes. In addition, the ratio of oligotrophic to copiotrophic bacteria substantially decreased in both amended soils. Furthermore, fertilized soils demonstrated greater diversity and richness of ARGs compared to control soils. The increased abundance concerned mainly genes of resistance to antibiotics most commonly used in human and animal medicine. The level of heavy metals in sewage sludge was low and did not exceed the standards permitted in Poland for sludge used in agriculture, and their level in fertilized soils was still inconsiderable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Serwecińska
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90‑364, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Arnoldo Font-Nájera
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90‑364, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 139, 90-235, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Lach
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 139, 90-235, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Tołoczko
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Narutowicza 88, 90-139, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bołdak
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Urbaniak
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90‑237, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Ferreira VA, Saraiva MMS, Campos IC, Silva MPSD, Benevides VP, Almeida AM, Codognoto TA, Nascimento CDF, Lima TSD, Rodrigues Alves LB, Berchieri Junior A. In vitro conjugation of IncB/O-plasmid: Minimum inhibitory concentration of β-lactams increases 16-fold in Salmonella enterica compared with Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106788. [PMID: 38986823 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in poultry leaves residues in the litter, favoring the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and making it a source of contamination. An in vitro 4 × 4 factorial trial was performed to investigate the influence of four treatments, consisting of antimicrobial sub-concentrations, on the transference of IncB/O-plasmid through conjugation in four groups. Each group was composed of one plasmid donor bacterium (Escherichia coli H2332) and a recipient bacterium (Escherichia coli J62 or Salmonella enterica serovars, Enteritidis, Typhimurium, or Heidelberg). Our results showed a little decrease in the conjugation frequency in almost all treatments between the two bacterial species, which varied according to each strain. The MIC test revealed an increase of up to 4096-fold in resistance to beta-lactams in Salmonella serovars after plasmid acquisition. This finding suggests that some genetic apparatus may be involved in increased antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella serovars after the acquisition of primary resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Amorim Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauro M S Saraiva
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1165, Denmark.
| | - Isabella C Campos
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Pavão Saraiva da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Valdinete P Benevides
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1165, Denmark.
| | - Adriana M Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Thais Alves Codognoto
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Camila de Fátima Nascimento
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Túlio Spina de Lima
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucas B Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1165, Denmark.
| | - Angelo Berchieri Junior
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Fundneider-Kale S, Kerres J, Engelhart M. Impact of benzalkonium chloride on anaerobic granules and its long-term effects on reactor performance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135183. [PMID: 39024763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the inhibitory and performance-degrading effects induced by the cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) on anaerobic granules during the long-term operation of a laboratory-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. To address the critical scientific problem of how BAC affects the efficiency of EGSB reactors, this research uniquely evaluated the long-term stress response to BAC by systematically comparing continuous and discontinuous inhibitor exposure scenarios. The novel comparison demonstrated that inhibitor concentration is of minor relevance compared to the biomass-specific cumulative inhibitor load in the reactor. After exceeding a critical biomass-specific cumulative inhibitor load of 6.1-6.5 mg BAC/g VS, continuous and discontinuous exposure to BAC caused comparable significant deterioration in reactor performance, including accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA), decreased removal efficiency, reduced methane production, as well as the wash-out, flotation, and disintegration of anaerobic granules. BAC exposures had a more detrimental effect on methanogenesis than on acidogenesis. Moreover, long-term stress by BAC led to an inhibition of protein production, resulting in a decreased protein-to-polysaccharide ratio of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that promoted destabilizing effects on the granules. Finally, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was triggered. Reactor performance could not be restored due to the severe loss of granular sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fundneider-Kale
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Technology, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - J Kerres
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Technology, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Engelhart
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Technology, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Seewald M, Nielinger L, Alker K, Behnke JS, Wycisk V, Urner LH. Detergent Chemistry Modulates the Transgression of Planetary Boundaries including Antimicrobial Resistance and Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403833. [PMID: 38619211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Detergent chemistry enables applications in the world today while harming safe operating spaces that humanity needs for survival. Aim of this review is to support a holistic thought process in the design of detergent chemistry. We harness the planetary boundary concept as a framework for literature survey to identify progresses and knowledge gaps in context with detergent chemistry and five planetary boundaries that are currently transgressed, i.e., climate, freshwater, land system, novel entities, biosphere integrity. Our survey unveils the status of three critical challenges to be addressed in the years to come, including (i) the implementation of a holistically, climate-friendly detergent industry; (ii) the alignment of materialistic and social aspects in creating technical solutions by means of sustainable chemistry; (iii) the development of detergents that serve the purpose of applications but do not harm the biosphere in their role as novel entities. Specifically, medically relevant case reports revealed that even the most sophisticated detergent design cannot sufficiently accelerate drug discovery to outperform the antibiotic resistance development that detergents simultaneously promote as novel entities. Safe operating spaces that humanity needs for its survival may be secured by directing future efforts beyond sustainable chemistry, resource efficiency, and net zero emission targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Seewald
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lena Nielinger
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Alker
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan-Simon Behnke
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Virginia Wycisk
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leonhard H Urner
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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Homa J, Stachowiak W, Olejniczak A, Chrzanowski Ł, Niemczak M. Ecotoxicity studies reveal that organic cations in dicamba-derived ionic liquids can pose a greater environmental risk than the herbicide itself. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171062. [PMID: 38401717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The following research provides novel and relevant insights into potential environmental consequences of combination of various organic cations with commercial systemic herbicide (dicamba), in accordance with a 'herbicidal ionic liquids' (HILs) strategy. Toxicity assays of five dicamba-based HILs comprising different hydrophobic and hydrophilic cations, namely choline [CHOL][DIC], ethyl betainate [BETC2][DIC], decyl betainate [BETC10][DIC], hexadecyl betainate [BETC16][DIC] and didecyldimethylammonium [DDA][DIC]), have been tested towards bacteria (Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis), algae (Chlorella vulgaris), fresh and marine water crustaceans (Daphnia magna, Artemia franciscana). The structure of respective substituents in the cation emerged as a decisive determinant of toxicity in the case of tested species. In consequence, small ions of natural origin ([CHOL] and [BETC2]) demonstrated toxicity numerous orders of magnitude lower compared to fully synthetic [DDA]. These results emphasize the role of cations' hydrophobicity, as well as origin, in the observed acute toxic effect. Time-dependent toxicity assays also indicated that betaine-type cations comprising an ester bond can rapidly transform into less harmful substances, which can generally result in a reduction in toxicity by even several orders of magnitude. Nonetheless, these findings challenge the concept of ionic liquids with herbicidal activity and give apparent parallels to adjuvant-dependent toxicity issues recently noted in typical herbicidal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homa
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Adriana Olejniczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
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Gunarathne V, Phillips AJ, Zanoletti A, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Di Maria F, Pivato A, Korzeniewska E, Bontempi E. Environmental pitfalls and associated human health risks and ecological impacts from landfill leachate contaminants: Current evidence, recommended interventions and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169026. [PMID: 38056656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The improper management of solid waste, particularly the dumping of untreated municipal solid waste, poses a growing global challenge in both developed and developing nations. The generation of leachate is one of the significant issues that arise from this practice, and it can have harmful impacts on both the environment and public health. This paper presents an overview of the primary waste types that generate landfill leachate and their characteristics. This includes examining the distribution of waste types in landfills globally and how they have changed over time, which can provide valuable insights into potential pollutants in a given area and their trends. With a lack of specific regulations and growing concerns regarding environmental and health impacts, the paper also focuses on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, the environmental and ecological impacts of leachate, along with associated health risks, are analyzed. The potential applications of landfill leachate, suggested interventions and future directions are also discussed in the manuscript. Finally, this work addresses future research directions in landfill leachate studies, with attention, for the first time to the potentialities that artificial intelligence can offer for landfill leachate management, studies, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ankur J Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Francesco Di Maria
- LAR5 Laboratory, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- DICEA - Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Chu K, Liu Y, Hua Z, Lu Y, Ye F. Spatio-temporal distribution and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes in a water-diversion lake, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119232. [PMID: 37832298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water-diversion lakes are poorly understood. In this study, two comparative in situ investigations of ARG profiles targeting water diversion (DP) and non-diversion periods (NDP) were conducted in Luoma Lake, a vital transfer node for the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. The results demonstrated significant spatiotemporal variations in ARG contamination and notable differences in the co-occurrence patterns of ARGs and bacterial communities between DP and NDP. Correlations among ARGs with the 16 S rRNA, and mobile genetic elements indicate that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer (VGT) in NDP, but only HGT in DP, were the primary mechanisms of ARG proliferation and spread, implying that water diversion could be an essential control of the transfer pattern of ARGs in a lake environment. The null model analysis indicated that stochastic processes, with predominant driver of ecological drift in the lake mainly drove the assembly of ARGs. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was developed to analyze the causal effects of the factors in shaping ARG dynamics and identify the major driving forces in the DP and NDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Chu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Zulin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Liyang, 213300, PR China
| | - Fuzhu Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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Alshehri WA, Abulfaraj AA, Alqahtani MD, Alomran MM, Alotaibi NM, Alwutayd K, Aloufi AS, Alshehrei FM, Alabbosh KF, Alshareef SA, Ashy RA, Refai MY, Jalal RS. Abundant resistome determinants in rhizosphere soil of the wild plant Abutilon fruticosum. AMB Express 2023; 13:92. [PMID: 37646836 PMCID: PMC10469157 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A metagenomic whole genome shotgun sequencing approach was used for rhizospheric soil micribiome of the wild plant Abutilon fruticosum in order to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along with their antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to detect potential risk of these ARGs to human health upon transfer to clinical isolates. The study emphasized the potential risk to human health of such human pathogenic or commensal bacteria, being transferred via food chain or horizontally transferred to human clinical isolates. The top highly abundant rhizospheric soil non-redundant ARGs that are prevalent in bacterial human pathogens or colonizers (commensal) included mtrA, soxR, vanRO, golS, rbpA, kdpE, rpoB2, arr-1, efrA and ileS genes. Human pathogenic/colonizer bacteria existing in this soil rhizosphere included members of genera Mycobacterium, Vibrio, Klebsiella, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Salmonella, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Serratia, Shigella, Cronobacter and Bifidobacterium. These bacteria belong to phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The most highly abundant resistance mechanisms included antibiotic efflux pump, antibiotic target alteration, antibiotic target protection and antibiotic inactivation. antimicrobial resistance (AMR) families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic efflux pump included resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump (for mtrA, soxR and golS genes), major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump (for soxR gene), the two-component regulatory kdpDE system (for kdpE gene) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump (for efrA gene). AMR families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic target alteration included glycopeptide resistance gene cluster (for vanRO gene), rifamycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (for rpoB2 gene) and antibiotic-resistant isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (for ileS gene). AMR families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic target protection included bacterial RNA polymerase-binding protein (for RbpA gene), while those of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic inactivation included rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase (for arr-1 gene). Better agricultural and food transport practices are required especially for edible plant parts or those used in folkloric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aala A Abulfaraj
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, 21911, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael D Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam M Alomran
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahaa M Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khairiah Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah M Alshehrei
- Department of Biology, Jumum College University, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7388, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulood F Alabbosh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar A Alshareef
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, 21921, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba A Ashy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Refai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaa S Jalal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Zheng CW, Luo YH, Long X, Gu H, Cheng J, Zhang L, Lai YJS, Rittmann BE. The structure of biodegradable surfactants shaped the microbial community, antimicrobial resistance, and potential for horizontal gene transfer. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119944. [PMID: 37087920 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While most household surfactants are biodegradable in aerobic conditions, their biodegradability may obscure their environmental risks. The presence of surfactants in a biological treatment process can lead to the proliferation of antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARG) in the biomass. Surfactants can be cationic, anionic, or zwitterionic, and these different classes may have different effects on the proliferation ARG. Cationic hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium (CTAB), anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and zwitterionic 3-(decyldimethylammonio)-propanesulfonate inner salt (DAPS) were used to represent the three classes of surfactants in domestic household clean-up products. This study focused on the removal of these surfactants by the O2-based Membrane Biofilm Reactor (O2-MBfR) for hotspot scenarios (∼1 mM) and how the three classes of surfactants affected the microbial community's structure and ARG. Given sufficient O2 delivery, the MBfR provided at least 98% surfactant removal. The presence and biodegradation for each surfactant uniquely shaped the biofilms' microbial communities and the presence of ARG. CTAB had by far the strongest impact and the higher ARG abundance. In particular, Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas, the two main genera in the biofilm treating CTAB, were highly correlated to the abundance of ARG for efflux pumps and antibiotic inactivation. CTAB also led to more functional genes relevant to the Type-IV secretion system and protection against oxidative stress, which also could encourage horizontal gene transfer. Our findings highlight that the biodegradation of quaternary ammonium surfactants, while beneficial, can pose public health concerns from its ability to promote the proliferation of ARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Zheng
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
| | - Yi-Hao Luo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Xiangxing Long
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States
| | - Jie Cheng
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- DeepBiome. Co. Ltd., NO.38 Debao Road, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yen Jung Sean Lai
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
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11
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Başaran SN, Öksüz L. The role of efflux pumps ın antıbıotıc resıstance of gram negatıve rods. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:192. [PMID: 37060362 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an important public health problem today, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Resistance to antibiotics in bacteria can develop by various mechanisms such as a change in the target site of the drug, a change in the outer membrane permeability, enzymatic defusing of the drug and efflux of the antimicrobial compound. Some bacteria have the potential to develop resistance to more than one drug by using several mechanisms together. One of the important resistance mechanisms of bacteria is active efflux pumps (EPs). EPs are pump proteins found in all cell types, located in the cell membrane. They are responsible for the excretion of various intracellular and extracellular substances (antibiotics, etc.) out of the cell. There is much research on various antimicrobials that cause antibiotic resistance in Gram negative rods, but studies on EPs are relatively few. Due to the concern that antibiotics will be insufficient in the treatment of diseases, a good understanding of EPs and the discovery of new EP inhibitors will shed light on the future of humanity. In this review, the structure of bacterial EPs in Gram negative bacteria, the role of EPs in multidrug resistance, the importance of EP inhibitors in the fight against antibiotic resistance and the phenotypic and genotypic detection methods of EPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Nur Başaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Lütfiye Öksüz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Nguyen THT, Nguyen HD, Le MH, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen TD, Nguyen DL, Nguyen QH, Nguyen TKO, Michalet S, Dijoux-Franca MG, Pham HN. Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Controlling Antibiotic Resistance: Outlook under a Heavy Metal Contamination Context. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072912. [PMID: 37049674 PMCID: PMC10095785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance to antibiotics represents a growing challenge in treating infectious diseases. Outside the hospital, bacteria with the multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype have an increased prevalence in anthropized environments, thus implying that chemical stresses, such as metals, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, etc., are the source of such resistance. There is a developing hypothesis regarding the role of metal contamination in terrestrial and aquatic environments as a selective agent in the proliferation of antibiotic resistance caused by the co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance genes carried by transmissible plasmids and/or associated with transposons. Efflux pumps are also known to be involved in either antibiotic or metal resistance. In order to deal with these situations, microorganisms use an effective strategy that includes a range of expressions based on biochemical and genetic mechanisms. The data from numerous studies suggest that heavy metal contamination could affect the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes. Environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activities could lead to mutagenesis based on the synergy between antibiotic efficacy and the acquired resistance mechanism under stressors. Moreover, the acquired resistance includes plasmid-encoded specific efflux pumps. Soil microbiomes have been reported as reservoirs of resistance genes that are available for exchange with pathogenic bacteria. Importantly, metal-contaminated soil is a selective agent that proliferates antibiotic resistance through efflux pumps. Thus, the use of multi-drug efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) originating from natural plants or synthetic compounds is a promising approach for restoring the efficacy of existing antibiotics, even though they face a lot of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huyen Thu Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
- Saint Paul Hospital, 12 Chu Van An, Hanoi 11114, Vietnam
| | - Hai Dang Nguyen
- Department of Academic Affairs, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Mai Huong Le
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1H Building, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Hien Nguyen
- Institute of Biological and Food Technology, Hanoi Open University, 101B Nguyen Hien, Hanoi 11615, Vietnam
| | - Thi Dua Nguyen
- Saint Paul Hospital, 12 Chu Van An, Hanoi 11114, Vietnam
| | | | - Quang Huy Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Serge Michalet
- UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRAe, VetagroSup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Geneviève Dijoux-Franca
- UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRAe, VetagroSup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hoang Nam Pham
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
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13
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Diaz-Diaz S, Recacha E, Pulido MR, Romero-Muñoz M, de Gregorio-Iaria B, Docobo-Pérez F, Pascual A, Rodríguez-Martínez JM. Synergistic Effect of SOS Response and GATC Methylome Suppression on Antibiotic Stress Survival in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0139222. [PMID: 36802234 PMCID: PMC10019295 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01392-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppression of the SOS response has been shown to enhance the in vitro activity of quinolones. Furthermore, Dam-dependent base methylation has an impact on susceptibility to other antimicrobials affecting DNA synthesis. Here, we investigated the interplay between these two processes, alone and in combination, in terms of antimicrobial activity. A genetic strategy was used employing single- and double-gene mutants for the SOS response (recA gene) and the Dam methylation system (dam gene) in isogenic models of Escherichia coli both susceptible and resistant to quinolones. Regarding the bacteriostatic activity of quinolones, a synergistic sensitization effect was observed when the Dam methylation system and the recA gene were suppressed. In terms of growth, after 24 h in the presence of quinolones, the Δdam ΔrecA double mutant showed no growth or delayed growth compared to the control strain. In bactericidal terms, spot tests showed that the Δdam ΔrecA double mutant was more sensitive than the ΔrecA single mutant (about 10- to 102-fold) and the wild type (about 103- to 104-fold) in both susceptible and resistant genetic backgrounds. Differences between the wild type and the Δdam ΔrecA double mutant were confirmed by time-kill assays. The suppression of both systems, in a strain with chromosomal mechanisms of quinolone resistance, prevents the evolution of resistance. This genetic and microbiological approach demonstrated the enhanced sensitization of E. coli to quinolones by dual targeting of the recA (SOS response) and Dam methylation system genes, even in a resistant strain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Diaz-Diaz
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - E. Recacha
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina R. Pulido
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Romero-Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - B. de Gregorio-Iaria
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - F. Docobo-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - A. Pascual
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - J. M. Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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14
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Mohapatra S, Yutao L, Goh SG, Ng C, Luhua Y, Tran NH, Gin KYH. Quaternary ammonium compounds of emerging concern: Classification, occurrence, fate, toxicity and antimicrobial resistance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130393. [PMID: 36455328 PMCID: PMC9663149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Amplified hygiene and precautionary measures are of utmost importance to control the spread of COVID-19 and future infection; however, these changes in practice are projected to trigger a rise in the purchase, utilisation and hence, discharge of many disinfectants into the environment. While alcohol-based, hydrogen peroxide-based, and chlorine-based compounds have been used widely, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) based disinfectants are of significant concern due to their overuse during this pandemic. This review presents the classification of disinfectants and their mechanism of action, focusing on QACs. Most importantly, the occurrence, fate, toxicity and antimicrobial resistance due to QACs are covered in this paper. Here we collated evidence from multiple studies and found rising trends of concern, including an increase in the mass load of QACs at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by 331% compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as an increases in the concentration of 62% in residential dust, resulting in high concentrations of QACs in human blood and breast milk and suggesting that these could be potential sources of persistent QACs in infants. In addition to increased toxicity to human and aquatic life, increased use of QACs and accelerated use of antibiotics and antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic could multiply the threat to antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Lin Yutao
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Shin Giek Goh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Ng
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - You Luhua
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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15
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Misson P, Bruder E, Cornuault JK, De Paepe M, Nicolas P, Demarre G, Lakisic G, Petit MA, Espeli O, Lecointe F. Phage production is blocked in the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 upon macrophage infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011127. [PMID: 36730457 PMCID: PMC9928086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains are frequently recovered from stools of patients with dysbiotic microbiota. They have remarkable properties of adherence to the intestinal epithelium, and survive better than other E. coli in macrophages. The best studied of these AIEC is probably strain LF82, which was isolated from a Crohn's disease patient. This strain contains five complete prophages, which have not been studied until now. We undertook their analysis, both in vitro and inside macrophages, and show that all of them form virions. The Gally prophage is by far the most active, generating spontaneously over 108 viral particles per mL of culture supernatants in vitro, more than 100-fold higher than the other phages. Gally is also over-induced after a genotoxic stress generated by ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. However, upon macrophage infection, a genotoxic environment, this over-induction is not observed. Analysis of the transcriptome and key steps of its lytic cycle in macrophages suggests that the excision of the Gally prophage continues to be repressed in macrophages. We conclude that strain LF82 has evolved an efficient way to block the lytic cycle of its most active prophage upon macrophage infection, which may participate to its good survival in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Misson
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emma Bruder
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Jeffrey K. Cornuault
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marianne De Paepe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëlle Demarre
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Goran Lakisic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Espeli
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - François Lecointe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Andrzejak T, Raje H, LaFleur G, Willis J, Boopathy R. Water quality and antibiotic resistance in the recreational waters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128546. [PMID: 36584719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics results in antibiotic resistance. This raises concern over the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in waterways and pose health risks of antibiotic resistant infections to water recreationists. The purpose of this study was to monitor water quality, microbial ecology, and antibiotic resistance in water and biofilm on submerged plastics at two public boat launches in southeastern Louisiana. Water and biofilm samples were collected once a month, in triplicate, from two public boat launches in Louisiana, USA for a year. Water quality metrics included nitrate, ammonia, sulfate, phosphate, and organic carbon. Water samples were tested for total and fecal coliform abundance and the presence of ARB. Out of 131 bacterial isolates studied from these two sites, 86% of them tested positive for antibiotic resistance with multi-drug resistance. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) for sulfonamide (sul2), bacitracin (bacA) and ampicillin (ampA) were identified in bacterial isolates from water and biofilm samples at both sites. Molecular genetic diversity analysis identified distinct taxonomic diversity differences in biofilm bacteria compared to the planktonic bacteria in the surrounding water. Biofilm samples showed increased diversity at the phylum, genus, and species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Andrzejak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | - Himanshu Raje
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | - Gary LaFleur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | - Jonathan Willis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
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17
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Morello S, Pederiva S, Avolio R, Squadrone S, Abete MC, Marchis D. Optimization and validation of a quick and responsive LC-ESI-MS/MS method to evaluate tetracycline residues in processed animal proteins (PAPs). Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:591-601. [PMID: 36454250 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Following the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in 2001, processed animal proteins (PAPs) reintroduction is envisaged in non-ruminant feed thanks to their high protein content, easy availability and cost-effective characteristics. PAPs must be submitted to rendering practices, providing sterilization of products, under standardized conditions of temperature and pressure, according to Regulation (EC) No 142/2011. However, the chemical risk associated to these raw materials has been never evaluated. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination and quantification of tetracycline residues in PAPs at µg kg-1 level. The LC-MS/MS method performances were evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity (25-500 µg kg-1), limit of quantitation (LOQ) (25 µg kg-1), accuracy and precision (CV% < 25%), uncertainty, recovery (80-120%) and ruggedness. All the evaluated parameters fulfilled the analytical performance criteria, and the validated LC-MS/MS method fits for purpose as confirmatory method on the occurrence of residues (µg kg-1) of tetracyclines in PAPs. PAPs are a powerful product which could be used both as raw materials in feed and in organic fertilizer production in a circular economy context. Therefore, the lack of regulation and control over antibiotic occurrence should be implemented to avoid a misuse and an increment of antibiotic resistance pressure over the environment and to ensure safety of the feed and food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.,Italian National Reference Laboratory of Animal Proteins in Feed, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Sabina Pederiva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.,Italian National Reference Laboratory of Animal Proteins in Feed, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Avolio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy. .,Italian National Reference Laboratory of Animal Proteins in Feed, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Marchis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.,Italian National Reference Laboratory of Animal Proteins in Feed, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
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18
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Revitt‐Mills SA, Wright EK, Vereker M, O'Flaherty C, McPherson F, Dawson C, van Oijen AM, Robinson A. Defects in DNA double-strand break repair resensitize antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli to multiple bactericidal antibiotics. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1316. [PMID: 36314749 PMCID: PMC9500592 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly prevalent amongst bacterial pathogens and there is an urgent need to develop new types of antibiotics with novel modes of action. One promising strategy is to develop resistance-breaker compounds, which inhibit resistance mechanisms and thus resensitize bacteria to existing antibiotics. In the current study, we identify bacterial DNA double-strand break repair as a promising target for the development of resistance-breaking co-therapies. We examined genetic variants of Escherichia coli that combined antibiotic-resistance determinants with DNA repair defects. We observed that defects in the double-strand break repair pathway led to significant resensitization toward five bactericidal antibiotics representing different functional classes. Effects ranged from partial to full resensitization. For ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin, sensitization manifested as a reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration. For kanamycin and trimethoprim, sensitivity manifested through increased rates of killing at high antibiotic concentrations. For ampicillin, repair defects dramatically reduced antibiotic tolerance. Ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim induce the promutagenic SOS response. Disruption of double-strand break repair strongly dampened the induction of SOS by these antibiotics. Our findings suggest that if break-repair inhibitors can be developed they could resensitize antibiotic-resistant bacteria to multiple classes of existing antibiotics and may suppress the development of de novo antibiotic-resistance mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Revitt‐Mills
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elizabeth K. Wright
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Madaline Vereker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Callum O'Flaherty
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fairley McPherson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Catherine Dawson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Antoine M. van Oijen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Andrew Robinson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
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19
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Shi X, Xia Y, Wei W, Ni BJ. Accelerated spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) induced by non-antibiotic conditions: Roles and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119060. [PMID: 36096030 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has wreaked havoc with the treatment efficiency of antibiotics and, ultimately, anti-microbial chemotherapy, and has been conventionally attributed to the abuse and misuse of antibiotics. However, the ancient ARGs have alterative functions in bacterial physiology and thus they could be co-regulated by non-antibiotic conditions. Recent research has demonstrated that many non-antibiotic chemicals such as microplastics, metallic nanoparticles and non-antibiotic drugs, as well as some non-antibiotic conditions, can accelerate the dissemination of ARGs. These results suggested that the role of antibiotics might have been previously overestimated whereas the effects of non-antibiotic conditions were possibly ignored. Thus, in an attempt to fully understand the fate and behavior of ARGs in the eco-system, it is urgent to critically highlight the role and mechanisms of non-antibiotic chemicals and related environmental factors in the spread of ARGs. To this end, this timely review assessed the evolution of ARGs, especially its function alteration, summarized the non-antibiotic chemicals promoting the spread of ARGs, evaluated the non-antibiotic conditions related to ARG dissemination and analyzed the molecular mechanisms related to spread of ARGs induced by the non-antibiotic factors. Finally, this review then provided several critical perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Shi
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yu Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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20
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Schmidt SBI, Rodríguez-Rojas A, Rolff J, Schreiber F. Biocides used as material preservatives modify rates of de novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129280. [PMID: 35714537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem with the environment being an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Previous studies showed that de-novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by conjugation or transformation - important processes underlying resistance evolution and spread - are affected by antibiotics, metals and pesticides. However, natural microbial communities are also frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives, but it is unknown if these substances induce mutagenesis and HGT. Here, we show that active substances used in material preservatives can increase rates of mutation and conjugation in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not increased. The bisbiguanide chlorhexidine digluconate, the quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride, the metal copper, the pyrethroid-insecticide permethrin, and the azole-fungicide propiconazole increase mutation rates in Escherichia coli, whereas no increases were identified for Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter baylyi. Benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and permethrin increased conjugation in E. coli. Moreover, our results show a connection between the RpoS-mediated general stress and the RecA-linked SOS response with increased rates of mutation and conjugation, but not for all biocides. Taken together, our data show the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina B I Schmidt
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Internal Medicine - Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jens Rolff
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Vasse M, Bonhoeffer S, Frenoy A. Ecological effects of stress drive bacterial evolvability under sub-inhibitory antibiotic treatments. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:80. [PMID: 37938266 PMCID: PMC9723650 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress is thought to increase mutation rate and thus to accelerate evolution. In the context of antibiotic resistance, sub-inhibitory treatments could then lead to enhanced evolvability, thereby fuelling the adaptation of pathogens. Combining wet-lab experiments, stochastic simulations and a meta-analysis of the literature, we found that the increase in mutation rates triggered by antibiotic treatments is often cancelled out by reduced population size, resulting in no overall increase in genetic diversity. A careful analysis of the effect of ecological factors on genetic diversity showed that the potential for regrowth during recovery phase after treatment plays a crucial role in evolvability, being the main factor associated with increased genetic diversity in experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vasse
- Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Antoine Frenoy
- Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5525, Grenoble, France.
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22
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Udaondo Z, Abram KZ, Kothari A, Jun SR. Insertion sequences and other mobile elements associated with antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus isolates from an inpatient with prolonged bacteraemia. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35921144 PMCID: PMC9484755 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertion sequences (ISs) and other transposable elements are associated with the mobilization of antibiotic resistance determinants and the modulation of pathogenic characteristics. In this work, we aimed to investigate the association between ISs and antibiotic resistance genes, and their role in the dissemination and modification of the antibiotic-resistant phenotype. To that end, we leveraged fully resolved Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis genomes of isolates collected over 5 days from an inpatient with prolonged bacteraemia. Isolates from both species harboured similar IS family content but showed significant species-dependent differences in copy number and arrangements of ISs throughout their replicons. Here, we describe two inter-specific IS-mediated recombination events and IS-mediated excision events in plasmids of E. faecium isolates. We also characterize a novel arrangement of the ISs in a Tn1546-like transposon in E. faecalis isolates likely implicated in a vancomycin genotype–phenotype discrepancy. Furthermore, an extended analysis revealed a novel association between daptomycin resistance mutations in liaSR genes and a putative composite transposon in E. faecium, offering a new paradigm for the study of daptomycin resistance and novel insights into its dissemination. In conclusion, our study highlights the role ISs and other transposable elements play in the rapid adaptation and response to clinically relevant stresses such as aggressive antibiotic treatment in enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Udaondo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kaleb Z Abram
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Atul Kothari
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Arkansas Dept of Health, Healthcare Associated Infections and Outbreak Response Sections, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Se-Ran Jun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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23
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Nwafia IN, Ike AC, Orabueze IN, Nwafia WC. Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae: Environmental reservoirs as primary targets for control and prevention strategies. Niger Postgrad Med J 2022; 29:183-191. [PMID: 35900453 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_95_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have become one of the greatest public health challenges globally. In the past decade, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was viewed as a clinical problem in many parts of the world; hence, the role and magnitude of the contribution of the environment were not well appreciated. This review article was done with online published articles extracted from different databases using search terms related to the work. Evidence has shown that there exists the presence of carbapenemase genes in the environment, consequently fuelling the dissemination with alarming consequences. CPE when acquired causes life-threatening infections in humans. The health and economic impact of these infections are numerous, including treatment failure due to limited therapeutic options which hamper the containment of infectious diseases, further contaminating the environment and worsening the public health challenge. It is a well-known fact that the rate of emergence of resistant genes has outpaced the production of new antimicrobial agents, so it is pertinent to institute effective environmental measures to combat the spread of AMR organisms before it will completely gain a foothold and take us back to 'the pre-antibiotic era'. Environmental sources and reservoirs of resistant genes should therefore be amongst the primary targets for the control and prevention of the spread of resistant genes in the environment. This calls for the effective implementation of the 'one health' strategy with stakeholders committed to the design and enforcement of environmental mitigation policies and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeyinwa Nkeiruka Nwafia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Chibuogwu Ike
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya Orabueze
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Walter Chukwuma Nwafia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
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24
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Lindemann PC, Mylvaganam H, Oppegaard O, Anthonisen IL, Zecic N, Skaare D. Case Report: Whole-Genome Sequencing of Serially Collected Haemophilus influenzae From a Patient With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Reveals Within-Host Evolution of Resistance to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Azithromycin After Prolonged Treatment With These Antibiotics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:896823. [PMID: 35719354 PMCID: PMC9199433 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.896823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report within-host evolution of antibiotic resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin in a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain from a patient with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), who received repeated or prolonged treatment with these antibiotics for recurrent respiratory tract infections. Whole-genome sequencing of three longitudinally collected sputum isolates during the period April 2016 to January 2018 revealed persistence of a strain of sequence type 2386. Reduced susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the first two isolates was associated with mutations in genes encoding dihydrofolate reductase (folA) and its promotor region, dihydropteroate synthase (folP), and thymidylate synthase (thyA), while subsequent substitution of a single amino acid in dihydropteroate synthase (G225A) rendered high-level resistance in the third isolate from 2018. Azithromycin co-resistance in this isolate was associated with amino acid substitutions in 50S ribosomal proteins L4 (W59R) and L22 (G91D), possibly aided by a substitution in AcrB (A604E) of the AcrAB efflux pump. All three isolates were resistant to aminopenicillins and cefotaxime due to TEM-1B beta-lactamase and identical alterations in penicillin-binding protein 3. Further resistance development to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin resulted in a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Evolution of multidrug resistance due to horizontal gene transfer and/or spontaneous mutations, along with selection of resistant subpopulations is a particular risk in CVID and other patients requiring repeated and prolonged antibiotic treatment or prophylaxis. Such challenging situations call for careful antibiotic stewardship together with supportive and supplementary treatment. We describe the clinical and microbiological course of events in this case report and address the challenges encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haima Mylvaganam
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddvar Oppegaard
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Nermin Zecic
- Department of Microbiology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Skaare
- Department of Microbiology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
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25
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Nohejl T, Valcek A, Papousek I, Palkovicova J, Wailan AM, Pratova H, Minoia M, Dolejska M. Genomic analysis of qnr-harbouring IncX plasmids and their transferability within different hosts under induced stress. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:136. [PMID: 35590235 PMCID: PMC9118779 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conjugative plasmids play a major role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Knowledge of the plasmid characteristics and behaviour can allow development of control strategies. Here we focus on the IncX group of plasmids carrying genes conferring quinolone resistance (PMQR), reporting their transfer and persistence within host bacteria of various genotypes under distinct conditions and levels of induced stress in form of temperature change and various concentrations of ciprofloxacin supplementation. Methods Complete nucleotide sequences were determined for eight qnr-carrying IncX-type plasmids, of IncX1 (3), IncX2 (3) and a hybrid IncX1-2 (2) types, recovered from Escherichia coli of various origins. This data was compared with further complete sequences of IncX1 and IncX2 plasmids carrying qnr genes (n = 41) retrieved from GenBank and phylogenetic tree was constructed. Representatives of IncX1 (pHP2) and IncX2 (p194) and their qnrS knockout mutants, were studied for influence of induced stress and genetic background on conjugative transfer and maintenance. Results A high level of IncX core-genome similarity was found in plasmids of animal, environmental and clinical origin. Significant differences were found between the individual IncX plasmids, with IncX1 subgroup plasmids showing higher conjugative transfer rates than IncX2 plasmids. Knockout of qnr modified transfer frequency of both plasmids. Two stresses applied simultaneously were needed to affect transfer rate of wildtype plasmids, whereas a single stress was sufficient to affect the IncX ΔqnrS plasmids. The conjugative transfer was shown to be biased towards the host phylogenetic proximity. A long-term cultivation experiment pointed out the persistence of IncX plasmids in the antibiotic-free environment. Conclusions The study indicated the stimulating effect of ciprofloxacin supplementation on the plasmid transfer that can be nullified by the carriage of a single PMQR gene. The findings present the significant properties and behaviour of IncX plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes that are likely to play a role in their dissemination and stability in bacterial populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02546-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Nohejl
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Valcek
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Papousek
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Palkovicova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander M Wailan
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hana Pratova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Minoia
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. .,CEITEC, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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26
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Liu Y, Yang F, Wang S, Chi W, Ding L, Liu T, Zhu F, Ji D, Zhou J, Fang Y, Zhang J, Xiang P, Zhang Y, Zhao H. HopE and HopD Porin-Mediated Drug Influx Contributes to Intrinsic Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Inhibits Streptomycin Resistance Acquisition by Natural Transformation in Helicobacter pylori. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0198721. [PMID: 35234510 PMCID: PMC9045298 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01987-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen competent for natural transformation. Intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance contribute to the survival and multiplication of H. pylori under antibiotics. While drug-resistance dissemination by natural transformation (NT)-mediated horizontal gene transfer remains poorly understood in H. pylori. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of H. pylori porins (HopA, HopB, HopC, HopD, and HopE) in the intrinsic antibiotic resistance and to preliminarily reveal the potential effect of HopE and HopD porins in streptomycin resistance acquisition after NT in the presence of antibiotics. Using traditional antibiotic susceptibility tests and growth curve analysis, we found the MIC values of metronidazole, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, rifampin, and streptomycin in mutants lacking HopE and/or HopD were significantly elevated compare to those in wild-type strain. The quantitative analysis of the tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labeled streptomycin accumulation at the single-cell level showed reduced streptomycin intracellular fluorescence in ΔhopE and ΔhopD mutant cells. Furthermore, in the presence of translation-inhibiting antibiotic streptomycin, the resistance acquisition frequency was decreased in the wild-type strain, which could be reversed by mutants lacking HopE and HopD that restored relatively high resistance acquisition frequencies. By transforming a pUC19-rpsLmut-sfgfp linear plasmid carrying a streptomycin conferring mutation, we observed that the impaired ability of rpsLmut synthesis in the wild-type strain was restored in the ΔhopE and ΔhopD mutant transformants. Our study revealed that in the presence of streptomycin, resistance acquisition at least partially relied on the deletion of the hopE and hopD genes, because their loss reduced streptomycin concentration in the cell and thus restored the expression of the resistance-conferring gene, which was inhibited by streptomycin in wild-type strain. The loss of HopE and HopD influx activity may also preserve resistance acquisition by transformation in the presence of antibiotics with other modes of action. IMPORTANCE Helicobacter pylori is constitutively competent for natural transformation (NT) and possesses an efficient system for homologous recombination, which could be utilized to study the NT-mediated horizontal gene transfer induced antibiotic resistance acquisition. Bacterial porins have drawn renewed attention because of their crucial role in antibiotic susceptibility. From the perspective of porin-mediated influx in H. pylori, our study preliminarily revealed the important role of HopE and HopD porins not only in preserving the intrinsic susceptibility to specific antibiotic but also in evading acquired antibiotic resistance by NT in the presence of translation-inhibiting antimicrobial. Therefore, the loss of HopE or HopD porin in H. pylori genomes, combined with the large number of secreted or cell-free genetic elements carrying mutations conferring antibiotic resistance, may raise the possibility that this mechanism plays a potential role in the propagation of antibiotic resistance within H. pylori communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Chi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danian Ji
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mercolino J, Lo Sciuto A, Spinnato MC, Rampioni G, Imperi F. RecA and Specialized Error-Prone DNA Polymerases Are Not Required for Mutagenesis and Antibiotic Resistance Induced by Fluoroquinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:325. [PMID: 35326787 PMCID: PMC8944484 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To cope with stressful conditions, including antibiotic exposure, bacteria activate the SOS response, a pathway that induces error-prone DNA repair and mutagenesis mechanisms. In most bacteria, the SOS response relies on the transcriptional repressor LexA and the co-protease RecA, the latter being also involved in homologous recombination. The role of the SOS response in stress- and antibiotic-induced mutagenesis has been characterized in detail in the model organism Escherichia coli. However, its effect on antibiotic resistance in the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is less clear. Here, we analyzed a recA deletion mutant and confirmed, by conjugation and gene expression assays, that RecA is required for homologous recombination and SOS response induction in P. aeruginosa. MIC assays demonstrated that RecA affects P. aeruginosa resistance only towards fluoroquinolones and genotoxic agents. The comparison of antibiotic-resistant mutant frequency between treated and untreated cultures revealed that, among the antibiotics tested, only fluoroquinolones induced mutagenesis in P. aeruginosa. Notably, both RecA and error-prone DNA polymerases were found to be dispensable for this process. These data demonstrate that the SOS response is not required for antibiotic-induced mutagenesis in P. aeruginosa, suggesting that RecA inhibition is not a suitable strategy to target antibiotic-induced emergence of resistance in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mercolino
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (J.M.); (A.L.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Alessandra Lo Sciuto
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (J.M.); (A.L.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Maria Concetta Spinnato
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (J.M.); (A.L.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Giordano Rampioni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (J.M.); (A.L.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.R.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (J.M.); (A.L.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.R.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
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28
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Hasan CM, Dutta D, Nguyen ANT. Revisiting Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanistic Foundations to Evolutionary Outlook. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010040. [PMID: 35052917 PMCID: PMC8773413 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are the pivotal pillar of contemporary healthcare and have contributed towards its advancement over the decades. Antibiotic resistance emerged as a critical warning to public wellbeing because of unsuccessful management efforts. Resistance is a natural adaptive tool that offers selection pressure to bacteria, and hence cannot be stopped entirely but rather be slowed down. Antibiotic resistance mutations mostly diminish bacterial reproductive fitness in an environment without antibiotics; however, a fraction of resistant populations 'accidentally' emerge as the fittest and thrive in a specific environmental condition, thus favouring the origin of a successful resistant clone. Therefore, despite the time-to-time amendment of treatment regimens, antibiotic resistance has evolved relentlessly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), we are rapidly approaching a 'post-antibiotic' era. The knowledge gap about antibiotic resistance and room for progress is evident and unified combating strategies to mitigate the inadvertent trends of resistance seem to be lacking. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and evolutionary foundations of antibiotic resistance will be efficacious to implement policies to force-stop the emergence of resistant bacteria and treat already emerged ones. Prediction of possible evolutionary lineages of resistant bacteria could offer an unswerving impact in precision medicine. In this review, we will discuss the key molecular mechanisms of resistance development in clinical settings and their spontaneous evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdhury M. Hasan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3EA, UK;
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Debprasad Dutta
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3EA, UK;
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - An N. T. Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
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29
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Ortiz-Padilla M, Diaz-Diaz S, Machuca J, Tejada-Gonzalez A, Recacha E, Docobo-Pérez F, Pascual A, Rodríguez-Martínez JM. Role of low-level quinolone resistance in generating tolerance in Escherichia coli under therapeutic concentrations of ciprofloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:2124-2132. [PMID: 32427318 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolerance (including persistence) and resistance result in increased survival under antibiotic pressure. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the interplay between resistance and tolerance to ciprofloxacin under therapeutic and killing conditions to determine the contribution of low-level quinolone resistance (LLQR) mechanisms to tolerance. We also determined how the interaction between resistance (LLQR phenotypes) and tolerance was modified under SOS response suppression. METHODS Twelve isogenic Escherichia coli strains harbouring quinolone resistance mechanisms combined with SOS response deficiency and six clinical E. coli isolates (LLQR or non-LLQR) were evaluated. Survival (tolerance or persistence) assays were used to measure surviving bacteria after a short period (up to 4 h) of bactericidal antibiotic treatment under therapeutic and killing concentrations of ciprofloxacin [1 mg/L, EUCAST/CLSI breakpoint for resistance; and 2.5 mg/L, peak serum concentration (Cmax) of this drug]. RESULTS QRDR substitutions (S83L in GyrA alone or combined with S80R in ParC) significantly increased the fraction of tolerant bacteria (2-4 log10 cfu/mL) after exposure to ciprofloxacin at clinically relevant concentrations. The impact on tolerant bacteria due to SOS response suppression (including persistence mediated by the tisB gene) was reversed by LLQR mechanisms at therapeutic concentrations. Furthermore, no reduction in the fraction of tolerant bacteria due to SOS response suppression was observed when S83L in GyrA plus S80R in ParC were combined. CONCLUSIONS Tolerance and quinolone resistance mutations interact synergistically, giving LLQR mechanisms an additional role in allowing bacterial survival and evasion of therapeutic antimicrobial conditions by a combination of the two strategies. At clinically relevant concentrations, LLQR mechanisms reverse further impact of SOS response suppression in reducing bacterial tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ortiz-Padilla
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - S Diaz-Diaz
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - J Machuca
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - A Tejada-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Recacha
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - F Docobo-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - A Pascual
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - J M Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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30
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Antioxidant Molecules as a Source of Mitigation of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Dissemination. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02658-20. [PMID: 33753335 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02658-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most commonly identified human pathogen and a prominent microorganism of the gut microbiota. Acquired resistance to antibiotics in this species is driven mainly by horizontal gene transfer and plasmid acquisition. Currently, the main concern is the acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamases of the CTX-M type in E. coli, a worldwide-observed phenomenon. Plasmids encoding CTX-M enzymes have different scaffolds and conjugate at different frequencies. Here, we show that the conjugation rates of several plasmid types encoding broad-spectrum β-lactamases are increased when the E. coli donor strain is exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of diverse orally given antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but also trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin. This study provides insights into underlying mechanisms leading to increased plasmid conjugation frequency in relation to DNA synthesis inhibitor-type antibiotics, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and probably increased expression of genes involved in the SOS response. Furthermore, we show that some antioxidant molecules currently approved for unrelated clinical uses, such as edaravone, p-coumaric acid, and N-acetylcysteine, may antagonize the ability of antibiotics to increase plasmid conjugation rates. These results suggest that several antioxidative molecules might be used in combination with these "inducer" antibiotics to mitigate the unwanted increased resistance plasmid dissemination.
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31
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Kotwani A, Joshi J, Kaloni D. Pharmaceutical effluent: a critical link in the interconnected ecosystem promoting antimicrobial resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14178-w. [PMID: 33929671 PMCID: PMC8086231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex global health issue and will push twenty-four million people into extreme poverty by 2030, risking the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 17 if not addressed immediately. Humans, animals, and the environment are the reservoirs that contribute and allow AMR to propagate in interconnected ecosystems. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes in the water environment has become an important environmental health issue. One of the major influencers from environment sector is the pharmaceutical industry which is growing globally to meet the ever-increasing demand of antibiotics, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The pharmaceutical effluent has a mix of large concentrations of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, and these sites act as hotspots for environmental contamination and the spread of AMR. Inadequate treatment of the effluent and its irresponsible disposal leads to unprecedented antibiotic contamination in the environment and their persistent presence in the environment significantly modulates the bacterial genomes' expression that is responsible for increase and spread of AMR. However, not much interventions are suggested in the National Action Plan developed on AMR by many countries. There are no regulations across the globe till date for the level of antibiotic residues in pharmaceutical effluent for the growing pharmaceutical industry. This review put together the work done showing several detrimental effects of the antimicrobial residues in the pharmaceutical effluent which leads to rise in development of AMR. The environment risk approach and need to have indicators to measure environment risk is a way forward for all countries engage in antibiotic manufacturing. Overall, efforts to address the problem are isolated and fragmented. Policymakers, regulators, manufacturers, researchers, civil society, and the community need to collaborate so that antibiotics are produced sustainably and continue to stay effective in treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kotwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, & Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP), New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Kaloni
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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32
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Wu L, Wu ZC, Todosiichuk T, Korneva O. Nosocomial Infections: Pathogenicity, Resistance and Novel Antimicrobials. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2021.5.2.228970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The fight against the spread of infectious diseases creates the problem of resistance to pathogens and the most resistant of them – the propagators of nosocomial infections – are formed in hospitals because of a number of reasons. The solution of the problem lies in different areas, but the search of new effective means for the treatment of such diseases remains relevant right today. The shortest way to do this is to find the "pain points" of the pathogens themselves, i.e. the factors of their pathogenicity and resistance to which the action of novel antiseptics should be directed.
Objective. We aimed to analyse and evaluate the main factors of pathogenicity and resistance of pathogens of nosocomial infections to determine modern approaches to the development of novel antimicrobials.
Methods. Search and systematization of new scientific data and results concerning pathogenic factors of microbial pathogens that can be used as targets for the action of drugs.
Results. Over the last 10–20 years, due to the development of new research methods in biology, it has become possible to clarify the features and additional conditions for the detection of pathogenic factors of nosocomial infections. Additional mechanisms of manifestation of resistance, adhesiveness, invasiveness, transmission of signs, secretion of toxins by pathogens are shownthat determines the general increase of their resistance to the action of currently used means. The general idea of creating antiseptics that will not increase the resistance of pathogens can now be implemented by using substances with multidirectional or indirect mechanisms of action that minimally affect the metabolism of the cell and significantly reduce its resistance and pathogenicity.
Conclusions. Factors of pathogenicity of propagators of nosocomial infections and mechanisms of their implementation can be considered as the main targets for the action of novel antiseptics that will inhibit the spread of pathogens without increasing their resistance. The promising substances for such drugs, among other things, are bacteriophages and their modifications, enzybiotics, immunobiotics, autoinducer inhibitors, quorum sensing-system inhibitors, b-lactamase inhibitors and others. Some of these substances in combination with the new generation of antibiotics significantly enhance their effectiveness and together they are able to overcome the resistance of even multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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33
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Synergistic Quinolone Sensitization by Targeting the recA SOS Response Gene and Oxidative Stress. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02004-20. [PMID: 33526493 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02004-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of the recA SOS response gene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction have been shown, separately, to enhance fluoroquinolone activity and lethality. Their putative synergistic impact as a strategy to potentiate the efficacy of bactericidal antimicrobial agents such as fluoroquinolones is unknown. We generated Escherichia coli mutants that exhibited a suppressed ΔrecA gene in combination with inactivated ROS detoxification system genes (ΔsodA, ΔsodB, ΔkatG, ΔkatE, and ΔahpC) or inactivated oxidative stress regulator genes (ΔoxyR and ΔrpoS) to evaluate the interplay of both DNA repair and detoxification systems in drug response. Synergistic sensitization effects, ranging from 7.5- to 30-fold relative to the wild type, were observed with ciprofloxacin in double knockouts of recA and inactivated detoxification system genes. Compared to recA knockout, inactivation of an additional detoxification system gene reduced MIC values up to 8-fold. In growth curves, no growth was evident in mutants doubly deficient for recA gene and oxidative detoxification systems at subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, in contrast to the recA-deficient strain. There was a marked reduction of viable bacteria in a short period of time when the recA gene and other detoxification system genes (katG, sodA, or ahpC) were inactivated (using absolute ciprofloxacin concentrations). At 4 h, a bactericidal effect of ciprofloxacin was observed for ΔkatG ΔrecA and ΔahpC ΔrecA double mutants compared to the single ΔrecA mutant (Δ3.4 log10 CFU/ml). Synergistic quinolone sensitization, by targeting the recA gene and oxidative detoxification stress systems, reinforces the role of both DNA repair systems and ROS in antibiotic-induced bacterial cell death, opening up a new pathway for antimicrobial sensitization.
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34
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Song Z, Zuo L, Li C, Tian Y, Wang H. Copper Ions Facilitate the Conjugative Transfer of SXT/R391 Integrative and Conjugative Element Across Bacterial Genera. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:616792. [PMID: 33603719 PMCID: PMC7884315 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.616792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper can persist stably in the environment for prolonged periods. Except for inducing antibiotic resistance in bacteria, copper ions (Cu2+) can facilitate the horizontal transfer of plasmid DNA. However, whether and how Cu2+ can accelerate the conjugative transfer of SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative element (ICE) is still largely unknown. In this study, Proteus mirabilis ChSC1905, harboring an SXT/R391 ICE that carried 21 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), was used as a donor, and Escherichia coli EC600 was used as a recipient. Cu2+, at subinhibitory and environmentally relevant concentrations (1–10 μmol/L), significantly accelerated the conjugative transfer of SXT/R391 ICE across bacterial genera (from P. mirabilis to E. coli) (p < 0.05). The combined analyses of phenotypic tests and genome-wide sequencing indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell membrane permeability were critical in the enhanced conjugative transfer of SXT/R391 ICE. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to cell adhesion and ATP synthesis was also significantly upregulated on exposure to Cu2+ at a concentration of 5 μmol/L. This study clarified the potential mechanisms of Cu2+ to promote the conjugative transfer of SXT/R391 ICE, revealing the potential risk imposed by Cu2+ on the horizontal transfer of SXT/R391 ICE-mediated ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Song
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cui Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiming Tian
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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35
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Machuca J, Recacha E, Gallego-Mesa B, Diaz-Diaz S, Rojas-Granado G, García-Duque A, Docobo-Pérez F, Blázquez J, Rodríguez-Rojas A, Pascual A, Rodríguez-Martínez JM. Effect of RecA inactivation on quinolone susceptibility and the evolution of resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:338-344. [PMID: 33147333 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SOS response suppression (by RecA inactivation) has been postulated as a therapeutic strategy for potentiating antimicrobials against Enterobacterales. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of RecA inactivation on the reversion and evolution of quinolone resistance using a collection of Escherichia coli clinical isolates. METHODS Twenty-three E. coli clinical isolates, including isolates belonging to the high-risk clone ST131, were included. SOS response was suppressed by recA inactivation. Susceptibility to fluoroquinolones was determined by broth microdilution, growth curves and killing curves. Evolution of quinolone resistance was evaluated by mutant frequency and mutant prevention concentration (MPC). RESULTS RecA inactivation resulted in 2-16-fold reductions in fluoroquinolone MICs and modified EUCAST clinical category for several isolates, including ST131 clone isolates. Growth curves and time-kill curves showed a clear disadvantage (up to 10 log10 cfu/mL after 24 h) for survival in strains with an inactivated SOS system. For recA-deficient mutants, MPC values decreased 4-8-fold, with values below the maximum serum concentration of ciprofloxacin. RecA inactivation led to a decrease in mutant frequency (≥103-fold) compared with isolates with unmodified SOS responses at ciprofloxacin concentrations of 4×MIC and 1 mg/L. These effects were also observed in ST131 clone isolates. CONCLUSIONS While RecA inactivation does not reverse existing resistance, it is a promising strategy for increasing the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones against susceptible clinical isolates, including high-risk clone isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Machuca
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - E Recacha
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - B Gallego-Mesa
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Diaz-Diaz
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - G Rojas-Granado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A García-Duque
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - F Docobo-Pérez
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Blázquez
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Pascual
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M Rodríguez-Martínez
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Chadha J. In vitro effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin on physiological responses and virulence determinants in a commensal strain of Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:682-694. [PMID: 33387370 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The goal was to study the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of amoxicillin (AMX) on various physiological responses and virulence determinants in a commensal strain of Escherichia coli. MATERIALS AND RESULTS The commensal strain was passaged under various sub-MICs of AMX and its effect on bacterial growth, motility, biofilm formation, expression of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and cell adhesion was analysed. Bacterial growth was diminished at 1/2 and 1/4 MICs of AMX with significant reduction in growth rate. Using crystal violet (CV) assays and quantification of surface polysaccharides we observed strong biofilm formation, together with reduced swimming motility in E. coli at 1/2 MIC of AMX. Differential OMP expression upon AMX sub-MIC exposure coincided with enhanced cell adhesion to HT-29 cells in vitro. The results demonstrated that sub-MICs of AMX can stimulate unpredictable changes in commensal bacterial strains which can be a potent source for the propagation of antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS The study reports that AMX at 1/2 MIC significantly compromised bacterial growth and swimming motility, alongside inducing biofilm formation. This was also accompanied by upregulation of a single OMP which subsequently increased cell adhesion capabilities in E. coli at 1/2 MIC, thereby enhancing its colonization and survival abilities within the gut microsphere. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY For the first time, the effects of AMX sub-MICs on a commensal E. coli strain were described. The results corroborate on how antibiotics can act as stimulatory molecules and determine the pathogenicity of commensal bacteria in vivo that can disseminate resistance to other intestinal pathogens or microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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37
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Antimicrobials and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: A Risk to the Environment and to Public Health. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The release of antibiotics to the environment, and the consequences of the presence of persistent antimicrobial residues in ecosystems, have been the subject of numerous studies in all parts of the world. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics is a common global phenomenon, which substantially increases the levels of antibiotics in the environment and the rates of their spread. Today, it can be said with certainty that the mass production and use of antibiotics for purposes other than medical treatment has an impact on both the environment and human health. This review aims to track the pathways of the environmental distribution of antimicrobials and identify the biological effects of their subinhibitory concentration in different environmental compartments; it also assesses the associated public health risk and government policy interventions needed to ensure the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials. The recent surge in interest in this issue has been driven by the dramatic increase in the number of infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria worldwide. Our study is in line with the global One Health approach.
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Revitt-Mills SA, Robinson A. Antibiotic-Induced Mutagenesis: Under the Microscope. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585175. [PMID: 33193230 PMCID: PMC7642495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance poses an increasing threat to global health. Understanding how resistance develops in bacteria is critical for the advancement of new strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. In the 1980s, it was discovered that certain antibiotics induce elevated rates of mutation in bacteria. From this, an “increased evolvability” hypothesis was proposed: antibiotic-induced mutagenesis increases the genetic diversity of bacterial populations, thereby increasing the rate at which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. However, antibiotic-induced mutagenesis is one of multiple competing factors that act on bacterial populations exposed to antibiotics. Its relative importance in shaping evolutionary outcomes, including the development of antibiotic resistance, is likely to depend strongly on the conditions. Presently, there is no quantitative model that describes the relative contribution of antibiotic-induced mutagenesis to bacterial evolution. A far more complete understanding could be reached if we had access to technology that enabled us to study antibiotic-induced mutagenesis at the molecular-, cellular-, and population-levels simultaneously. Direct observations would, in principle, allow us to directly link molecular-level events with outcomes in individual cells and cell populations. In this review, we highlight microscopy studies which have allowed various aspects of antibiotic-induced mutagenesis to be directly visualized in individual cells for the first time. These studies have revealed new links between error-prone DNA polymerases and recombinational DNA repair, evidence of spatial regulation occurring during the SOS response, and enabled real-time readouts of mismatch and mutation rates. Further, we summarize the recent discovery of stochastic population fluctuations in cultures exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of bactericidal antibiotics and discuss the implications of this finding for the study of antibiotic-induced mutagenesis. The studies featured here demonstrate the potential of microscopy to provide direct observation of phenomena relevant to evolution under antibiotic-induced mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Revitt-Mills
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Robinson
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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39
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Alonso BI, Ventura ES, Esteves E, Galletti MF, Dall'Agnol B, Martins JR, Klafke G, Reck J, Fogaça AC, Daffre S. A tick cell line as a powerful tool to screen the antimicrobial susceptibility of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma marginale. Exp Parasitol 2020; 217:107958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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40
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Rodríguez-Rojas A, Nath A, El Shazely B, Santi G, Kim JJ, Weise C, Kuropka B, Rolff J. Antimicrobial Peptide Induced-Stress Renders Staphylococcus aureus Susceptible to Toxic Nucleoside Analogs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1686. [PMID: 33133056 PMCID: PMC7550632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are active immune effectors of multicellular organisms and are also considered as new antimicrobial drug candidates. One of the problems encountered when developing AMPs as drugs is the difficulty of reaching sufficient killing concentrations under physiological conditions. Here, using pexiganan, a cationic peptide derived from a host defense peptide of the African clawed frog and the first AMP developed into an antibacterial drug, we studied whether sub-lethal effects of AMPs can be harnessed to devise treatment combinations. We studied the pexiganan stress response of Staphylococcus aureus at sub-lethal concentrations using quantitative proteomics. Several proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism were elevated, suggesting a metabolic demand. We then show that Staphylococcus aureus is highly susceptible to antimetabolite nucleoside analogs when exposed to pexiganan, even at sub-inhibitory concentrations. These findings could be used to enhance pexiganan potency while decreasing the risk of resistance emergence, and our findings can likely be extended to other antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpita Nath
- Institut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Baydaa El Shazely
- Institut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Greta Santi
- Institut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua Jay Kim
- Institut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rolff
- Institut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Effects of cold plasma on wheat grain microbiome and antimicrobial efficacy against challenge pathogens and their resistance. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 335:108889. [PMID: 33007604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The safety and quality of cereal grain supplies are adversely impacted by microbiological contamination, with novel interventions required to maximise whole grains safety and stability. The microbiological contaminants of wheat grains and the efficacy of Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) for potential to control these risks were investigated. The evaluations were performed using a contained reactor dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system; samples were treated for 0-20 min using direct and indirect plasma exposure. Amplicon-based metagenomic analysis using bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal 18S rRNA gene with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was performed to characterize the change in microbial community composition in response to ACP treatment. The antimicrobial efficacy of ACP against a range of bacterial and fungal contaminants of wheat, was assessed to include individual isolates from grains as challenge pathogens. ACP influenced wheat microbiome composition, with a higher microbial diversity as well as abundance found on the untreated control grain samples. Culture and genomic approaches revealed different trends for mycoflora detection and control. A challenge study demonstrated that using direct mode of plasma exposure with 20 min of treatment significantly reduced the concentration of all pathogens. Overall, reduction levels for B. atrophaeus vegetative cells were higher than for all fungal species tested, whereas B. atrophaeus spores were the most resistant to ACP among all microorganisms tested. Of note, repeating sub-lethal plasma treatment did not induce resistance to ACP in either B. atrophaeus or A. flavus spores. ACP process control could be tailored to address diverse microbiological risks for grain stability and safety.
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42
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Rodríguez-Rosado AI, Valencia EY, Rodríguez-Rojas A, Costas C, Galhardo RS, Rodríguez-Beltrán J, Blázquez J. N-acetylcysteine blocks SOS induction and mutagenesis produced by fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2188-2196. [PMID: 31102529 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin induce the mutagenic SOS response and increase the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both the SOS response and ROS increase bacterial mutagenesis, fuelling the emergence of resistant mutants during antibiotic treatment. Recently, there has been growing interest in developing new drugs able to diminish the mutagenic effect of antibiotics by modulating ROS production and the SOS response. OBJECTIVES To test whether physiological concentrations of N-acetylcysteine, a clinically safe antioxidant drug currently used in human therapy, is able to reduce ROS production, SOS induction and mutagenesis in ciprofloxacin-treated bacteria without affecting antibiotic activity. METHODS The Escherichia coli strain IBDS1 and its isogenic mutant deprived of SOS mutagenesis (TLS-) were treated with different concentrations of ciprofloxacin, N-acetylcysteine or both drugs in combination. Relevant parameters such as MICs, growth rates, ROS production, SOS induction, filamentation and antibiotic-induced mutation rates were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with N-acetylcysteine reduced intracellular ROS levels (by ∼40%), as well as SOS induction (by up to 75%) and bacterial filamentation caused by subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, without affecting ciprofloxacin antibacterial activity. Remarkably, N-acetylcysteine completely abolished SOS-mediated mutagenesis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data strongly support the notion that ROS are a key factor in antibiotic-induced SOS mutagenesis and open the possibility of using N-acetylcysteine in combination with antibiotic therapy to hinder the development of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estela Ynés Valencia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Coloma Costas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Rodrigo S Galhardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jesús Blázquez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Madrid, Spain.,Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
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43
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Goneau LW, Delport J, Langlois L, Poutanen SM, Razvi H, Reid G, Burton JP. Issues beyond resistance: inadequate antibiotic therapy and bacterial hypervirulence. FEMS MICROBES 2020; 1:xtaa004. [PMID: 37333955 PMCID: PMC10117437 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of antibiotics while critical for treatment, can be accompanied by potentially severe complications. These include toxicities associated with the drugs themselves, the selection of resistant organisms and depletion of endogenous host microbiota. In addition, antibiotics may be associated with less well-recognized complications arising through changes in the pathogens themselves. Growing evidence suggests that organisms exposed to antibiotics can respond by altering the expression of toxins, invasins and adhesins, as well as biofilm, resistance and persistence factors. The clinical significance of these changes continues to be explored; however, it is possible that treatment with antibiotics may inadvertently precipitate a worsening of the clinical course of disease. Efforts are needed to adjust or augment antibiotic therapy to prevent the transition of pathogens to hypervirulent states. Better understanding the role of antibiotic-microbe interactions and how these can influence disease course is critical given the implications on prescription guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee W Goneau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2 Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto,1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes Delport
- Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Center - Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5W9
| | - Luana Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Poutanen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto,1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, University Health Network and Sinai Health, 190 Elizabeth St. Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2 Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2 Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2 Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7 Canada
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44
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Ahmed MN, Abdelsamad A, Wassermann T, Porse A, Becker J, Sommer MOA, Høiby N, Ciofu O. The evolutionary trajectories of P. aeruginosa in biofilm and planktonic growth modes exposed to ciprofloxacin: beyond selection of antibiotic resistance. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:28. [PMID: 32709907 PMCID: PMC7381665 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections. We showed that the pathways of CIP-resistance development during exposure of biofilms and planktonic P. aeruginosa populations to subinhibitory levels of CIP depend on the mode of growth. In the present study, we analyzed CIP-resistant isolates obtained from previous evolution experiments, and we report a variety of evolved phenotypic and genotypic changes that occurred in parallel with the evolution of CIP-resistance. Cross-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was associated with mutations in genes involved in cell-wall recycling (ftsZ, murG); and could also be explained by mutations in the TCA cycle (sdhA) genes and in genes involved in arginine catabolism. We found that CIP-exposed isolates that lacked mutations in quorum-sensing genes and acquired mutations in type IV pili genes maintained swarming motility and lost twitching motility, respectively. Evolved CIP-resistant isolates showed high fitness cost in planktonic competition experiments, yet persisted in the biofilm under control conditions, compared with ancestor isolates and had an advantage when exposed to CIP. Their persistence in biofilm competition experiments in spite of their fitness cost in planktonic growth could be explained by their prolonged lag-phase. Interestingly, the set of mutated genes that we identified in these in vitro-evolved CIP-resistant colonies, overlap with a large number of patho-adaptive genes previously reported in P. aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This suggests that the antibiotic stress is contributing to the bacterial evolution in vivo, and that adaptive laboratory evolution can be used to predict the in vivo evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa N Ahmed
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelsamad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tina Wassermann
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Porse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Sustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janna Becker
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Sustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Høiby
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oana Ciofu
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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45
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Zheng W, Anzaldua M, Arora A, Jiang Y, McIntyre K, Doerfert M, Winter T, Mishra A, Ma H, Liang H. Environmentally Benign Nanoantibiotics with a Built-in Deactivation Switch Responsive to Natural Habitats. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2187-2198. [PMID: 32202760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture has led to their artificial accumulation in natural habitats, which risks the structure and function of the microbial communities in ecosystems, threatens food and water security, and accelerates the development of resistome. Ideally, antibiotics should remain fully active in clinical services while becoming deactivated rapidly once released into the environment, but none of the current antibiotics meet this criterion. Here, we show a nanoantibiotic design that epitomizes the concept of carrying a built-in "OFF" switch responsive to natural stimuli. The environmentally benign nanoantibiotics consist of cellulose backbones covalently grafted with hydrophilic polymer brushes that by themselves are antimicrobially inactive. In their nanostructured forms in services, these cellulose-based polymer molecular brushes are potent killers for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including clinical multidrug-resistant strains; after services and being discharged into the environment, they are shredded into antimicrobially inactive pieces by cellulases that do not exist in the human body but are abundant in natural habitats. This study illuminates a new concept of mitigating the environmental footprints of antibiotics with rationally designed nanoantibiotics that can be dismantled and disabled by bioorthogonal chemistry occurring exclusively in natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zheng
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Miguel Anzaldua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Ankita Arora
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Yunjiang Jiang
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Kelly McIntyre
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Michael Doerfert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Theodora Winter
- The Honors College, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Abhijit Mishra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hairong Ma
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Hongjun Liang
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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46
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Non-lethal exposure to H2O2 boosts bacterial survival and evolvability against oxidative stress. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008649. [PMID: 32163413 PMCID: PMC7093028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular organisms have the prevalent challenge to survive under oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS are present as by-products of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. These reactive species are even employed by multicellular organisms as potent weapons against microbes. Although bacterial defences against lethal and sub-lethal oxidative stress have been studied in model bacteria, the role of fluctuating H2O2 concentrations remains unexplored. It is known that sub-lethal exposure of Escherichia coli to H2O2 results in enhanced survival upon subsequent exposure. Here we investigate the priming response to H2O2 at physiological concentrations. The basis and the duration of the response (memory) were also determined by time-lapse quantitative proteomics. We found that a low level of H2O2 induced several scavenging enzymes showing a long half-life, subsequently protecting cells from future exposure. We then asked if the phenotypic resistance against H2O2 alters the evolution of resistance against oxygen stress. Experimental evolution of H2O2 resistance revealed faster evolution and higher levels of resistance in primed cells. Several mutations were found to be associated with resistance in evolved populations affecting different loci but, counterintuitively, none of them was directly associated with scavenging systems. Our results have important implications for host colonisation and infections where microbes often encounter reactive oxygen species in gradients. Throughout evolution, bacteria were exposed to reactive oxygen species and evolved the ability to scavenge toxic oxygen radicals. Furthermore, multicellular organisms evolved the ability to produce such oxygen species directed against pathogens. Recent studies also suggest that ROS such as H2O2 play an important role during host gut colonisation by its microbiota. Traditionally, experiments with different antimicrobials have been carried out using fixed concentrations while in nature, including in intra-host environments, microbes are more likely to experience this type of stress in steps or gradients. Here we show that bacteria treated with sub-lethal concentrations of H2O2 (priming) survive far better than non-treated cells when they subsequently encounter a higher concentration. We also found that the 'priming' response has a protective role from lethal mutagenesis. This protection is provided by long-lived proteins that, upon priming, remain at a high level for several generations as determined by time-lapse LC-mass spectrometry. Bacteria that were primed evolved H2O2 resistance faster and to a higher level. Moreover, mutations that increase resistance to H2O2, as determined by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), do not occur in known scavenger encoding genes but in loci coding for other functions, at least in E. coli.
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47
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van der Schalk TE, Braam JF, Kusters JG. Molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105911. [PMID: 31991219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted urogenital pathogen, and infection can result in serious symptoms. As M. genitalium is rather difficult to culture, infections are usually detected by molecular methods. Unfortunately, there has recently been a significant increase in resistance to azithromycin and moxifloxacin used for the treatment of M. genitalium infections. The increased resistance to (often empirically prescribed) M. genitalium treatments has resulted in frequent therapy failures and stresses the need for routine detection of antimicrobial resistance. In M. genitalium, antimicrobial resistance is almost always the result of DNA mutations and thus can easily be detected by molecular techniques. Regrettably, many microbiology laboratories do not use molecular techniques for the detection of bacterial antimicrobial resistance. As molecular tests are becoming available for M. genitalium, both for the establishment of infection and the detection of antimicrobial resistance, it is now more important to ensure that knowledge on the resistance mechanisms is transferred from the laboratory to the clinician. This review will provide a brief summary of the current status of antimicrobial resistance, its molecular mechanisms and the impact on the current status of M. genitalium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E van der Schalk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce F Braam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Kusters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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48
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Recacha E, Machuca J, Díaz-Díaz S, García-Duque A, Ramos-Guelfo M, Docobo-Pérez F, Blázquez J, Pascual A, Rodríguez-Martínez JM. Suppression of the SOS response modifies spatiotemporal evolution, post-antibiotic effect, bacterial fitness and biofilm formation in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:66-73. [PMID: 30329046 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suppression of the SOS response has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for potentiating quinolones against susceptible, low-level quinolone-resistant (LLQR) and resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Objectives To monitor the functionality of the SOS response in the evolution towards clinical quinolone resistance and study its impact on the evolution of spatiotemporal resistance. Methods An isogenic collection of Escherichia coli (derived from the strain ATCC 25922) carrying combinations of chromosomally and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms (including susceptible, LLQR and resistant phenotypes) and exhibiting a spectrum of SOS activity was used. Relevant clinical parameters such as mutation rate, mutant prevention concentration (MPC), bacterial fitness, biofilm formation and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) were evaluated. Results Inactivating the SOS response (recA deletion) led to a decrease in mutation rate (∼103 fold) in LLQR compared with WT strains at ciprofloxacin concentrations of 1 mg/L (the EUCAST breakpoint for resistance) and 2.5 mg/L (Cmax), as well as a remarkable delay in the spatiotemporal evolution of quinolone resistance. For all strains, there was an 8-fold decrease in MPC in RecA-deficient strains, with values for LLQR strains decreasing below the Cmax of ciprofloxacin. Inactivation of the SOS response reduced competitive fitness by 33%-50%, biofilm production by 22%-80% and increased the PAE by ∼3-4 h at sub-MIC concentrations of ciprofloxacin. Conclusions Our data indicate that suppression of the SOS response affects key bacterial traits and is a promising strategy for reversing and tackling the evolution of antibiotic resistance in E. coli, including low-level and resistant phenotypes at therapeutic quinolone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Recacha
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - J Machuca
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - S Díaz-Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - A García-Duque
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - M Ramos-Guelfo
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - F Docobo-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - J Blázquez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Pascual
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - J M Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/CSIC/Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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49
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Bethke JH, Davidovich A, Cheng L, Lopatkin AJ, Song W, Thaden JT, Fowler VG, Xiao M, You L. Environmental and genetic determinants of plasmid mobility in pathogenic Escherichia coli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax3173. [PMID: 32042895 PMCID: PMC6981087 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmids are key vehicles of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), mobilizing antibiotic resistance, virulence, and other traits among bacterial populations. The environmental and genetic forces that drive plasmid transfer are poorly understood, however, due to the lack of definitive quantification coupled with genomic analysis. Here, we integrate conjugative phenotype with plasmid genotype to provide quantitative analysis of HGT in clinical Escherichia coli pathogens. We find a substantial proportion of these pathogens (>25%) able to readily spread resistance to the most common classes of antibiotics. Antibiotics of varied modes of action had less than a 5-fold effect on conjugation efficiency in general, with one exception displaying 31-fold promotion upon exposure to macrolides and chloramphenicol. In contrast, genome sequencing reveals plasmid incompatibility group strongly correlates with transfer efficiency. Our findings offer new insights into the determinants of plasmid mobility and have implications for the development of treatments that target HGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Bethke
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam Davidovich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Li Cheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Allison J. Lopatkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Wenchen Song
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Joshua T. Thaden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Minfeng Xiao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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50
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Liang Y, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Bao Y, Xiong M. Role and modulation of the secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides to improve selectivity. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6858-6866. [PMID: 32815940 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Helix is a two-edged sword for AMPs, and conformational modulation of AMPs can control the balance between antimicrobial activity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbin Liang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xinshuang Zhang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yueling Yuan
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Bao
- Medical Research Center
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
| | - Menghua Xiong
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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