1
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Gao Y, Kim K, Vitrac H, Salazar RL, Gould BD, Soedkamp D, Spivia W, Raedschelders K, Dinh AQ, Guzman AG, Tan L, Azinas S, Taylor DJR, Schiffer W, McNavish D, Burks HB, Gottlieb RA, Lorenzi PL, Hanson BM, Van Eyk JE, Taegtmeyer H, Karlstaedt A. Autophagic signaling promotes systems-wide remodeling in skeletal muscle upon oncometabolic stress by D2-HG. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101969. [PMID: 38908793 PMCID: PMC11278897 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cachexia is a metabolic disorder and comorbidity with cancer and heart failure. The syndrome impacts more than thirty million people worldwide, accounting for 20% of all cancer deaths. In acute myeloid leukemia, somatic mutations of the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 cause the production of the oncometabolite D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). Increased production of D2-HG is associated with heart and skeletal muscle atrophy, but the mechanistic links between metabolic and proteomic remodeling remain poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed how oncometabolic stress by D2-HG activates autophagy and drives skeletal muscle loss. METHODS We quantified genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic changes in cultured skeletal muscle cells and mouse models of IDH-mutant leukemia using RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry, and computational modeling. RESULTS D2-HG impairs NADH redox homeostasis in myotubes. Increased NAD+ levels drive activation of nuclear deacetylase Sirt1, which causes deacetylation and activation of LC3, a key regulator of autophagy. Using LC3 mutants, we confirm that deacetylation of LC3 by Sirt1 shifts its distribution from the nucleus into the cytosol, where it can undergo lipidation at pre-autophagic membranes. Sirt1 silencing or p300 overexpression attenuated autophagy activation in myotubes. In vivo, we identified increased muscle atrophy and reduced grip strength in response to D2-HG in male vs. female mice. In male mice, glycolytic intermediates accumulated, and protein expression of oxidative phosphorylation machinery was reduced. In contrast, female animals upregulated the same proteins, attenuating the phenotype in vivo. Network modeling and machine learning algorithms allowed us to identify candidate proteins essential for regulating oncometabolic adaptation in mouse skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics approach exposes new metabolic vulnerabilities in response to D2-HG in skeletal muscle and provides a conceptual framework for identifying therapeutic targets in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kyoungmin Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Heidi Vitrac
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Salazar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D Gould
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Soedkamp
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Weston Spivia
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - An Q Dinh
- Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anna G Guzman
- Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Stavros Azinas
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - David J R Taylor
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Walter Schiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Daniel McNavish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Helen B Burks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Blake M Hanson
- Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Maroli G, Schänzer A, Günther S, Garcia-Gonzalez C, Rupp S, Schlierbach H, Chen Y, Graumann J, Wietelmann A, Kim J, Braun T. Inhibition of autophagy prevents cardiac dysfunction at early stages of cardiomyopathy in Bag3-deficient hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:53-66. [PMID: 38838815 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The HSP70 co-chaperone BAG3 targets unfolded proteins to degradation via chaperone assisted selective autophagy (CASA), thereby playing pivotal roles in the proteostasis of adult cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, the complex functions of BAG3 for regulating autophagy in cardiac disease are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that conditional inactivation of Bag3 in murine CMs leads to age-dependent dysregulation of autophagy, associated with progressive cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, Bag3-deficient CMs show increased canonical and non-canonical autophagic flux in the juvenile period when first signs of cardiac dysfunction appear, but reduced autophagy during later stages of the disease. Juvenile Bag3-deficient CMs are characterized by decreased levels of soluble proteins involved in synchronous contraction of the heart, including the gap junction protein Connexin 43 (CX43). Reiterative administration of chloroquine (CQ), an inhibitor of canonical and non-canonical autophagy, but not inactivation of Atg5, restores normal concentrations of soluble cardiac proteins in juvenile Bag3-deficient CMs without an increase of detergent-insoluble proteins, leading to complete recovery of early-stage cardiac dysfunction in Bag3-deficient mice. We conclude that loss of Bag3 in CMs leads to age-dependent differences in autophagy and cardiac dysfunction. Increased non-canonical autophagic flux in the juvenile period removes soluble proteins involved in cardiac contraction, leading to early-stage cardiomyopathy, which is prevented by reiterative CQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maroli
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany..
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and deep sequencing platform, Ludwigstr. 43., 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Stefan Rupp
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hannah Schlierbach
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanpu Chen
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johnny Kim
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main..
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3
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Satarker S, Wilson J, Kolathur KK, Mudgal J, Lewis SA, Arora D, Nampoothiri M. Spermidine as an epigenetic regulator of autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176823. [PMID: 39032763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is an abnormal protein degradation and recycling process that is impaired in various neurological diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease. Spermidine is a natural polyamine found in various plant- and meat-based diets that can induce autophagy, and is decreased in various neurodegenerative diseases. It acts on epigenetic enzymes like E1A-binding protein p300, HAT enzymes like Iki3p and Sas3p, and α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 that modulate autophagy. Histone modifications like acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation could influence autophagy. Autophagy is epigenetically regulated in various neurodegenerative disorders with many epigenetic enzymes and miRNAs. Polyamine regulation plays an essential role in the disease pathogenesis of AD and PD. Therefore, in this review, we discuss various enzymes and miRNAs involved in the epigenetic regulation of autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders and the role of spermidine as an autophagy enhancer. The alterations in spermidine-mediated regulation of Beclin-1, LC3-II, and p62 genes in AD and other PD-associated enzymes could impact the process of autophagy in these neurodegenerative diseases. With the ever-growing data and such promising effects of spermidine in autophagy, we feel it could be a promising target in this area and worth further detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Joel Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Kolathur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shaila A Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Devinder Arora
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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4
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Jamerson LE, Bradshaw PC. The Roles of White Adipose Tissue and Liver NADPH in Dietary Restriction-Induced Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:820. [PMID: 39061889 PMCID: PMC11273496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) protocols frequently employ intermittent fasting. Following a period of fasting, meal consumption increases lipogenic gene expression, including that of NADPH-generating enzymes that fuel lipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) through the induction of transcriptional regulators SREBP-1c and CHREBP. SREBP-1c knockout mice, unlike controls, did not show an extended lifespan on the DR diet. WAT cytoplasmic NADPH is generated by both malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), while liver cytoplasmic NADPH is primarily synthesized by folate cycle enzymes provided one-carbon units through serine catabolism. During the daily fasting period of the DR diet, fatty acids are released from WAT and are transported to peripheral tissues, where they are used for beta-oxidation and for phospholipid and lipid droplet synthesis, where monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) may activate Nrf1 and inhibit ferroptosis to promote longevity. Decreased WAT NADPH from PPP gene knockout stimulated the browning of WAT and protected from a high-fat diet, while high levels of NADPH-generating enzymes in WAT and macrophages are linked to obesity. But oscillations in WAT [NADPH]/[NADP+] from feeding and fasting cycles may play an important role in maintaining metabolic plasticity to drive longevity. Studies measuring the WAT malate/pyruvate as a proxy for the cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], as well as studies using fluorescent biosensors expressed in the WAT of animal models to monitor the changes in cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], are needed during ad libitum and DR diets to determine the changes that are associated with longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick C. Bradshaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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5
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Deng D, Yang S, Yu X, Zhou R, Liu Y, Zhang H, Cui D, Feng X, Wu Y, Qi X, Su Z. Aging-induced short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase promotes age-related hepatic steatosis by suppressing lipophagy. Aging Cell 2024:e14256. [PMID: 38898632 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis, the first step in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is frequently observed in the aging population. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we first employed GSEA enrichment analysis to identify short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), which participates in the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids and may be associated with hepatic steatosis in elderly individuals. Subsequently, we examined SCAD expression and hepatic triglyceride content in various aged humans and mice and found that triglycerides were markedly increased and that SCAD was upregulated in aged livers. Our further evidence in SCAD-ablated mice suggested that SCAD deletion was able to slow liver aging and ameliorate aging-associated fatty liver. Examination of the molecular pathways by which the deletion of SCAD attenuates steatosis revealed that the autophagic degradation of lipid droplets, which was not detected in elderly wild-type mice, was maintained in SCAD-deficient old mice. This was due to the decrease in the production of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), which is abundant in the livers of old wild-type mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the suppression of SCAD may prevent age-associated hepatic steatosis by promoting lipophagy and that SCAD could be a promising therapeutic target for liver aging and associated steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Deng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daxin Cui
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingrong Feng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaocun Qi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Cai Z, Luo W, Wang H, Zhu R, Yuan Y, Zhan X, Xie M, Zhuang H, Chen H, Xu Y, Li X, Liu L, Xu G. MFN2 suppresses the accumulation of lipid droplets and the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1791-1807. [PMID: 38480904 PMCID: PMC11145141 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissolving the lipid droplets in tissue section with alcohol during a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain causes the tumor cells to appear like clear soap bubbles under a microscope, which is a key pathological feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Mitochondrial dynamics have been reported to be closely associated with lipid metabolism and tumor development. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism reprogramming in ccRCC remains to be further explored. We conducted bioinformatics analysis to identify key genes regulating mitochondrial dynamics differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues and immunohistochemistry and Western blot to confirm. After the target was identified, we created stable ccRCC cell lines to test the impact of the target gene on mitochondrial morphology, tumorigenesis in culture cells and xenograft models, and profiles of lipid metabolism. It was found that mitofusin 2 (MFN2) was downregulated in ccRCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC. MFN2 suppressed mitochondrial fragmentation, proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells and growth of xenograft tumors. Furthermore, MFN2 impacted lipid metabolism and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in ccRCC cells. MFN2 suppressed disease progression and improved prognosis for patients with ccRCC possibly by interrupting cellular lipid metabolism and reducing accumulation of lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaoji Yuan
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangyu Zhan
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Haoquan Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Xu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guibin Xu
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting DiagnosisTherapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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7
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Zhang YY, Wang JX, Qiao F, Zhang ML, Luo Y, Du ZY. Pparα activation stimulates autophagic flux through lipid catabolism-independent route. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1141-1155. [PMID: 38401031 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that involves the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes to degrade damaged proteins or organelles. Triglycerides are hydrolyzed by autophagy, releasing fatty acids for energy through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibited mitochondrial FAO induces autophagy, establishing a crosstalk between lipid catabolism and autophagy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a transcription factor, stimulates lipid catabolism genes, including fatty acid transport and mitochondrial FAO, while also inducing autophagy through transcriptional regulation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). Therefore, the study explores whether PPARα regulates autophagy through TFEB transcriptional control or mitochondrial FAO. In aquaculture, addressing liver lipid accumulation in fish is crucial. Investigating the link between lipid catabolism and autophagy is significant for devising lipid-lowering strategies and maintaining fish health. The present study investigated the impact of dietary fenofibrate and L-carnitine on autophagy by activating Pparα and enhancing FAO in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), respectively. The dietary fenofibrate and L-carnitine reduced liver lipid content and enhanced ATP production, particularly fenofibrate. FAO enhancement by L-carnitine showed no changes in autophagic protein levels and autophagic flux. Moreover, fenofibrate-activated Pparα promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of Tfeb, upregulating autophagic initiation and lysosomal biogenesis genes. Pparα activation exhibited an increasing trend of LC3II protein at the basal autophagy and cumulative p62 protein trends after autophagy inhibition in zebrafish liver cells. These data show that Pparα activation-induced autophagic flux should be independent of lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yu Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Xian Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Espadas I, Cáliz-Molina MÁ, López-Fernández-Sobrino R, Panadero-Morón C, Sola-García A, Soriano-Navarro M, Martínez-Force E, Venegas-Calerón M, Salas JJ, Martín F, Gauthier BR, Alfaro-Cervelló C, Martí-Aguado D, Capilla-González V, Martín-Montalvo A. Hydroxycitrate delays early mortality in mice and promotes muscle regeneration while inducing a rich hepatic energetic status. Aging Cell 2024:e14205. [PMID: 38760909 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors have the potential of modulating central processes in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, which can have relevant physiological consequences in aging and age-related diseases. Here, we show that hepatic phospho-active ACLY correlates with overweight and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score in humans. Wild-type mice treated chronically with the ACLY inhibitor potassium hydroxycitrate exhibited delayed early mortality. In AML12 hepatocyte cultures, the ACLY inhibitors potassium hydroxycitrate, SB-204990, and bempedoic acid fostered lipid accumulation, which was also observed in the liver of healthy-fed mice treated with potassium hydroxycitrate. Analysis of soleus tissue indicated that potassium hydroxycitrate produced the modulation of wound healing processes. In vivo, potassium hydroxycitrate modulated locomotor function toward increased wire hang performance and reduced rotarod performance in healthy-fed mice, and improved locomotion in mice exposed to cardiotoxin-induced muscle atrophy. Our findings implicate ACLY and ACLY inhibitors in different aspects of aging and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Espadas
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cáliz-Molina
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Raúl López-Fernández-Sobrino
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción Panadero-Morón
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sola-García
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario Soriano-Navarro
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Joaquin J Salas
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Alfaro-Cervelló
- Pathology Department, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Clinic University Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Martí-Aguado
- Digestive Disease Department, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Center for Liver Diseases
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu M, Lu Y, He M, Sun Z, Ma M, Zheng L. Non-linear associations of serum spermidine with type 2 diabetes mellitus and fasting plasma glucose: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1393552. [PMID: 38812932 PMCID: PMC11133730 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1393552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous animal experiments have demonstrated the potential of spermidine to mitigate glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. However, there remains a scarcity of epidemiological evidence supporting these findings. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the associations of serum spermidine with T2DM and FPG. Materials and methods The cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2019 in the rural areas of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province, China. A total of 4,437 participants were included in the study. The serum spermidine was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. FPG was measured using the hexokinase method. T2DM was defined as participants with a FPG level of 7.0 mmol/L or greater, or self-reported diagnosis of diabetes by a doctor. Restricted cubic spline model and piecewise linear regression model were used to explore the associations of serum spermidine with T2DM and FPG, respectively. Results The mean (SD) age of the participants was 59.3 (10.0) years, with 622 out of 4,437 participants being defined as T2DM. The serum spermidine in participants stratified by age and BMI categories was significantly different, with p values of 0.006 and 0.001, respectively. Among all the participants, the association of serum spermidine with T2DM was J-shaped. The log (spermidine) was negatively associated with T2DM (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.92, p = 0.01) below the inflection point, while log (spermidine) was not significantly associated with T2DM (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 0.93 to 4.15, p = 0.07) above the inflection point. Among the participants without T2DM, the association of serum spermidine with FPG was inverted J-shaped. The log (spermidine) was positively associated with FPG (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.21, p = 0.001) below the inflection point, while log (spermidine) was negatively associated with FPG (β = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.42 to -0.16, p < 0.001) above the inflection point. Conclusion In conclusion, non-linear associations of serum spermidine with T2DM and FPG were found in the cross-sectional study in Chinese rural adults. This provided insights into the use of spermidine for the prevention of T2DM, highlighting the potential role in public health prevention strategies of spermidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- Clinical Research Centre, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Physical and Chemical, Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao He
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fenyang Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Clinical Research Centre, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, China
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10
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Salimi Z, Afsharinasab M, Rostami M, Eshaghi Milasi Y, Mousavi Ezmareh SF, Sakhaei F, Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Rasooli Manesh SM, Asemi Z. Iron chelators: as therapeutic agents in diseases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2759-2776. [PMID: 38694398 PMCID: PMC11060230 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The concentration of iron is tightly regulated, making it an essential element. Various cellular processes in the body rely on iron, such as oxygen sensing, oxygen transport, electron transfer, and DNA synthesis. Iron excess can be toxic because it participates in redox reactions that catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species and elevate oxidative stress. Iron chelators are chemically diverse; they can coordinate six ligands in an octagonal sequence. Because of the ability of chelators to trap essential metals, including iron, they may be involved in diseases caused by oxidative stress, such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Iron-chelating agents, by tightly binding to iron, prohibit it from functioning as a catalyst in redox reactions and transfer iron and excrete it from the body. Thus, the use of iron chelators as therapeutic agents has received increasing attention. This review investigates the function of various iron chelators in treating iron overload in different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Mehdi Afsharinasab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Rostami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Yaser Eshaghi Milasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Ezmareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Fariba Sakhaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Maryam Mohammad-Sadeghipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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11
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Ferret L, Kroemer G, Djavaheri-Mergny M. Pathogenic hyperactivation of mTORC1 by cytoplasmic EP300 in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Cell Stress 2024; 8:51-55. [PMID: 38800095 PMCID: PMC11118783 DOI: 10.15698/cst2024.04.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In a recent issue in Nature Cell Biology, Sung Min Son et al. unveil a novel layer in the regulation of the mTORC1/autophagy axis by EP300 which can undergo nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in response to alterations in nutrient availability. The study highlights that, in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, overabundant cytoplasmic EP300 results in mTORC1 hyperactivation and impaired autophagy, potentially contributing to premature and accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Ferret
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne
Université, Université Paris Cité, Équipe
labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut universitaire de
France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave
Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris
Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne
Université, Université Paris Cité, Équipe
labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut universitaire de
France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave
Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology,
Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne
Université, Université Paris Cité, Équipe
labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut universitaire de
France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave
Roussy, Villejuif, France
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12
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De Martino M, Rathmell JC, Galluzzi L, Vanpouille-Box C. Cancer cell metabolism and antitumour immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01026-4. [PMID: 38649722 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic rewiring in malignant cells supports tumour progression not only by providing cancer cells with increased proliferative potential and an improved ability to adapt to adverse microenvironmental conditions but also by favouring the evasion of natural and therapy-driven antitumour immune responses. Here, we review cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms through which alterations of metabolism in malignant cells interfere with innate and adaptive immune functions in support of accelerated disease progression. Further, we discuss the potential of targeting such alterations to enhance anticancer immunity for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara De Martino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Jeong M, Collins N. Nutritional modulation of antitumor immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 87:102422. [PMID: 38728931 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The composition and quantity of food we eat have a drastic impact on the development and function of immune responses. In this review, we highlight defined nutritional interventions shown to enhance antitumor immunity, including ketogenic, low-protein, high-fructose, and high-fiber diets, as well as dietary restriction. We propose that incorporating such nutritional interventions into immunotherapy protocols has the potential to increase therapeutic responsiveness and long-term tumor control in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingeum Jeong
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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14
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Zimmermann A, Madeo F, Diwan A, Sadoshima J, Sedej S, Kroemer G, Abdellatif M. Metabolic control of mitophagy. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14138. [PMID: 38041247 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major hallmark of ageing and related chronic disorders. Controlled removal of damaged mitochondria by the autophagic machinery, a process known as mitophagy, is vital for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival. The central role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism places mitochondrial removal at the interface of key metabolic pathways affecting the biosynthesis or catabolism of acetyl-coenzyme A, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, polyamines, as well as fatty acids and amino acids. Molecular switches that integrate the metabolic status of the cell, like AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase A, mechanistic target of rapamycin and sirtuins, have also emerged as important regulators of mitophagy. In this review, we discuss how metabolic regulation intersects with mitophagy. We place special emphasis on the metabolic regulatory circuits that may be therapeutically targeted to delay ageing and mitochondria-associated chronic diseases. Moreover, we identify outstanding knowledge gaps, such as the ill-defined distinction between basal and damage-induced mitophagy, which must be resolved to boost progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Division of Cardiology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, and John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Simon Sedej
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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15
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Seo Y, Kim DK, Park J, Park SJ, Park JJ, Cheon JH, Kim TI. A Comprehensive Understanding of Post-Translational Modification of Sox2 via Acetylation and O-GlcNAcylation in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1035. [PMID: 38473392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the pluripotency-associated transcription factor Sox2 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the regulatory roles of major post-translational modifications in Sox2 using two CRC cell lines, SW480 and SW620, derived from the same patient but with low and high Sox2 expression, respectively. Acetylation of K75 in the Sox2 nuclear export signal was relatively increased in SW480 cells and promotes Sox2 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and proteasomal degradation of Sox2. LC-MS-based proteomics analysis identified HDAC4 and p300 as binding partners involved in the acetylation-mediated control of Sox2 expression in the nucleus. Sox2 K75 acetylation is mediated by the acetyltransferase activity of CBP/p300 and ACSS3. In SW620 cells, HDAC4 deacetylates K75 and is regulated by miR29a. O-GlcNAcylation on S246, in addition to K75 acetylation, also regulates Sox2 stability. These findings provide insights into the regulation of Sox2 through multiple post-translational modifications and pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojeong Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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16
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Yu Y, Zhao F, Yue Y, Zhao Y, Zhou DX. Lysine acetylation of histone acetyltransferase adaptor protein ADA2 is a mechanism of metabolic control of chromatin modification in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:439-452. [PMID: 38326652 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a predominant active chromatin mark deposited by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) that transfer the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to lysine ε-amino groups in histones. GENERAL CONTROL NON-REPRESSED PROTEIN 5 (GCN5) is one of the best-characterized HATs and functions in association with several adaptor proteins such as ADA2 within multiprotein HAT complexes. ADA2-GCN5 interaction increases GCN5 binding to acetyl-CoA and stimulates its HAT activity. It remains unclear whether the HAT activity of GCN5 (which acetylates not only histones but also cellular proteins) is regulated by acetyl-CoA levels, which vary greatly in cells under different metabolic and nutrition conditions. Here we show that the ADA2 protein itself is acetylated by GCN5 in rice cells. Lysine acetylation exposes ADA2 to a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase and reduces its protein stability. In rice plants, ADA2 protein accumulation reversely parallels its lysine acetylation and acetyl-CoA levels, both of which are dynamically regulated under varying growth conditions. Stress-induced ADA2 accumulation could stimulate GCN5 HAT activity to compensate for the reduced acetyl-CoA levels for histone acetylation. These results indicate that ADA2 lysine acetylation that senses cellular acetyl-CoA variations is a mechanism to regulate HAT activity and histone acetylation homeostasis in plants under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
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17
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He X, Wedn A, Wang J, Gu Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Lin Z, Zhou R, Pang X, Cui Y. IUPHAR ECR review: The cGAS-STING pathway: Novel functions beyond innate immune and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107063. [PMID: 38216006 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial innate immune sensor responsible for distinguishing pathogens and cytosolic DNA, mediating innate immune signaling pathways to defend the host. Recent studies have revealed additional regulatory functions of STING beyond its innate immune-related activities, including the regulation of cellular metabolism, DNA repair, cellular senescence, autophagy and various cell deaths. These findings highlight the broader implications of STING in cellular physiology beyond its role in innate immunity. Currently, approximately 10 STING agonists have entered the clinical stage. Unlike inhibitors, which have a maximum inhibition limit, agonists have the potential for infinite amplification. STING signaling is a complex process that requires precise regulation of STING to ensure balanced immune responses and prevent detrimental autoinflammation. Recent research on the structural mechanism of STING autoinhibition and its negative regulation by adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) provides valuable insights into its different effects under physiological and pathological conditions, offering a new perspective for developing immune regulatory drugs. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms of STING beyond innate immune regulation, along with updated details of its structural mechanisms. We discuss the implications of these complex regulations in various diseases, emphasizing the importance and feasibility of targeting the immunity-dependent or immunity-independent functions of STING. Moreover, we highlight the current trend in drug development and key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research related to STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Abdalla Wedn
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 5051 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Juqi Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230601, China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT06519, USA.
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
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18
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Mecca M, Picerno S, Cortellino S. The Killer's Web: Interconnection between Inflammation, Epigenetics and Nutrition in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2750. [PMID: 38473997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributor to both the initiation and progression of tumors, and it can be triggered by genetic instability within tumors, as well as by lifestyle and dietary factors. The inflammatory response plays a critical role in the genetic and epigenetic reprogramming of tumor cells, as well as in the cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment. Cells in the microenvironment acquire a phenotype that promotes immune evasion, progression, and metastasis. We will review the mechanisms and pathways involved in the interaction between tumors, inflammation, and nutrition, the limitations of current therapies, and discuss potential future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisabel Mecca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Simona Picerno
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Responsible Research Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, CB, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Clinical and Translational Oncology, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy
- S.H.R.O. Italia Foundation ETS, 10060 Candiolo, TO, Italy
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19
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Son SM, Park SJ, Breusegem SY, Larrieu D, Rubinsztein DC. p300 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling underlies mTORC1 hyperactivation in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:235-249. [PMID: 38267537 PMCID: PMC10866696 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth, metabolism and autophagy. Multiple pathways modulate mTORC1 in response to nutrients. Here we describe that nucleus-cytoplasmic shuttling of p300/EP300 regulates mTORC1 activity in response to amino acid or glucose levels. Depletion of these nutrients causes cytoplasm-to-nucleus relocalization of p300 that decreases acetylation of the mTORC1 component raptor, thereby reducing mTORC1 activity and activating autophagy. This is mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation of p300 at serine 89. Nutrient addition to starved cells results in protein phosphatase 2A-dependent dephosphorylation of nuclear p300, enabling its CRM1-dependent export to the cytoplasm to mediate mTORC1 reactivation. p300 shuttling regulates mTORC1 in most cell types and occurs in response to altered nutrients in diverse mouse tissues. Interestingly, p300 cytoplasm-nucleus shuttling is altered in cells from patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. p300 mislocalization by the disease-causing protein, progerin, activates mTORC1 and inhibits autophagy, phenotypes that are normalized by modulating p300 shuttling. These results reveal how nutrients regulate mTORC1, a cytoplasmic complex, by shuttling its positive regulator p300 in and out of the nucleus, and how this pathway is misregulated in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, causing mTORC1 hyperactivation and defective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Son
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - So Jung Park
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophia Y Breusegem
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Delphine Larrieu
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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20
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Fei Y, Hu G, Xu J, Song S, Zhao Z, Lu L. Involvement of transcriptional co-activator p300 in upregulated expression of HSP70 by aquareovirus non-structural protein NS31. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:105077. [PMID: 37820759 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Members of Aquareovirus genus, including grass carp reovirus (GCRV), contribute to a serious threat to aquaculture animals accompanied by stress response. Our previous reports revealed that GCRV nonstructural protein NS31 serves as a potent contributor for virus selectively up-regulating specific heat shock protein 70-kd gene(HSP70),however,the mechanism by which inducing HSP70 gene expression is unknown. In this study, we further found that either the N- or C-terminal domain of GCRV NS31 is responsible for enhancing fish HSP70 promoter transcription, and recombinant NS31 protein purified from baculovirus expression system seems to not directly bind HSP70 basic promoter in vitro by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. However, the transcriptional co-activator p300 was identified as a potential interacting partner for NS31 by pull-down assay. Moreover, knock-down of p300 or addition of p300 inhibitor resulted in obviously reduced HSP70 expression by NS31 or GCRV infection suggesting that the well-characterized heat-shock-responsive HSF1/p300 transcriptional complex might involve in the induction of HSP70. These results collectively reveal this aquareovirus generates cell stress response through its nonstructural protein NS31 recruiting transcriptional co-activator p300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fei
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guangyao Hu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiehua Xu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Siyang Song
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China.
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21
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Huang L, Wen X, Jin L, Han H, Guo H. HOOKLESS1 acetylates AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN18a to promote autophagy during nutrient starvation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 36:136-157. [PMID: 37823521 PMCID: PMC10734606 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetylation is an important posttranslational modification (PTM) that regulates almost all core processes of autophagy in yeast and mammals. However, the role of protein acetylation in plant autophagy and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show the essential role of the putative acetyltransferase HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) in acetylation of the autophagy-related protein ATG18a, a key autophagy component that regulates autophagosome formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Loss of HLS1 function suppressed starvation-induced autophagy and increased plant susceptibility to nutrient deprivation. We discovered that HLS1 physically interacts with and directly acetylates ATG18a both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, mutating putative active sites in HLS1 inhibited ATG18a acetylation and suppressed autophagy upon nutrient deprivation. Accordingly, overexpression of ATG18a mutant variants with lower acetylation levels inhibited the binding activity of ATG18a to PtdIns(3)P and autophagosome formation under starvation conditions. Moreover, HLS1-modulated autophagy was uncoupled from its function in hook development. Taken together, these findings shed light on a key regulator of autophagy and further elucidate the importance of PTMs in modulating autophagy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xing Wen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lian Jin
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Huihui Han
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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22
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AlZaim I, de Rooij LPMH, Sheikh BN, Börgeson E, Kalucka J. The evolving functions of the vasculature in regulating adipose tissue biology in health and obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:691-707. [PMID: 37749386 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and a crucial regulator of energy storage and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Additionally, adipose tissue is a pivotal regulator of cardiovascular health and disease, mediated in part by the endocrine and paracrine secretion of several bioactive products, such as adipokines. Adipose vasculature has an instrumental role in the modulation of adipose tissue expansion, homeostasis and metabolism. The role of the adipose vasculature has been extensively explored in the context of obesity, which is recognized as a global health problem. Obesity-induced accumulation of fat, in combination with vascular rarefaction, promotes adipocyte dysfunction and induces oxidative stress, hypoxia and inflammation. It is now recognized that obesity-associated endothelial dysfunction often precedes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Investigations have revealed heterogeneity within the vascular niche and dynamic reciprocity between vascular and adipose cells, which can become dysregulated in obesity. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving functions of the vasculature in regulating adipose tissue biology in health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura P M H de Rooij
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bilal N Sheikh
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma Börgeson
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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23
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Qiao L, Dong C, Jia W, Ma B. NAA20 recruits Rin2 and promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by regulating Rab5A-mediated activation of EGFR signaling. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110922. [PMID: 37827343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and high mortality. To improve the prognosis and survival of TNBC patients, it is necessary to explore new targets and signaling pathways to develop novel therapies for TNBC treatment. N-α-acetyltransferase 20 (NAA20) is one of the catalytic subunits of N-terminal acetyltransferase (NatB). It has been reported that NAA20 played a critical role in cancer progression. In this study, we found that NAA20 expression was markedly higher in TNBC tissues than in paracancerous normal tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis. This result was further confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Knockdown of NAA20 significantly inhibited TNBC cell viability by CCK8 and colony formation assays and cell migration and invasion by Transwell assays. Additionally, NAA20 knockdown decreased the expression of EGFR in TNBC cells. Upon stimulation with EGF and knockdown of NAA20, EGFR internalization and degradation were observed by confocal microscopy. The western blot results showed that NAA20 knockdown down-regulated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR phosphorylation. Next, we further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAA20 by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). The results suggested that there was an interacting relationship between NAA20 and Rab5A. Over-expression of NAA20 could potentiate the expression of Rab5A. Furthermore, the knockdown of Rab5A inhibited EGFR expression and the phosphorylation of downstream signaling targets. NAA20 over-expression offset the knockdown effect of Rab5A and activated EGFR signaling. Finally, we constructed a xenograft mouse model transfected TNBC cells to investigate the role of NAA20 in vivo. NAA20 knockdown markedly suppressed tumor growth and decreased tumor volume and weight. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that NAA20, a novel target of TNBC, could promote TNBC progression by regulating Rab5A-mediated activation of EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, China
| | - Wenlei Jia
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, China
| | - Binlin Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, China.
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24
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Kaffe D, Kaplanis SI, Karagogeos D. The Roles of Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9526-9548. [PMID: 38132442 PMCID: PMC10742427 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of myelinating glial cells, the oligodendrocytes, within the central nervous system (CNS) can result in the disruption of myelin, the lipid-rich multi-layered membrane structure that surrounds most vertebrate axons. This leads to axonal degeneration and motor/cognitive impairments. In response to demyelination in the CNS, the formation of new myelin sheaths occurs through the homeostatic process of remyelination, facilitated by the differentiation of newly formed oligodendrocytes. Apart from oligodendrocytes, the two other main glial cell types of the CNS, microglia and astrocytes, play a pivotal role in remyelination. Following a demyelination insult, microglia can phagocytose myelin debris, thus permitting remyelination, while the developing neuroinflammation in the demyelinated region triggers the activation of astrocytes. Modulating the profile of glial cells can enhance the likelihood of successful remyelination. In this context, recent studies have implicated autophagy as a pivotal pathway in glial cells, playing a significant role in both their maturation and the maintenance of myelin. In this Review, we examine the role of substances capable of modulating the autophagic machinery within the myelinating glial cells of the CNS. Such substances, called caloric restriction mimetics, have been shown to decelerate the aging process by mitigating age-related ailments, with their mechanisms of action intricately linked to the induction of autophagic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Kaffe
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Stefanos Ioannis Kaplanis
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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25
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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26
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Tian Y, Ma J, Wang H, Yi X, Wang H, Zhang H, Guo S, Yang Y, Zhang B, Du J, Shi Q, Gao T, Guo W, Li C. BCAT2 promotes melanoma progression by activating lipogenesis via the epigenetic regulation of FASN and ACLY expressions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:315. [PMID: 37801083 PMCID: PMC11073144 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer originating from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocyte. The dysregulation of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, including in melanoma. Aberrant branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism and related enzymes has been greatly implicated in the progression of multiple types of cancer, whereas remains far from understood in melanoma. Herein, we reported that the critical BCAA metabolism enzyme branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2) is an oncogenic factor in melanoma by activating lipogenesis via the epigenetic regulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) expressions. Firstly, we found that BCAT2 expression was prominently increased in melanoma, and highly associated with clinical stage. Then, it was proved that the deficiency of BCAT2 led to impaired tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Further, RNA sequencing technology and a panel of biochemical assays demonstrated that BCAT2 regulated de novo lipogenesis via the regulation of the expressions of both FASN and ACLY. Mechanistically, the inhibition of BCAT2 suppressed the generation of intracellular acetyl-CoA, mitigating P300-dependent histone acetylation at the promoter of FASN and ACLY, and thereby their transcription. Ultimately, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was identified as the upstream transcriptional factor responsible for BCAT2 up-regulation in melanoma. Our results demonstrate that BCAT2 promotes melanoma progression by epigenetically regulating FASN and ACLY expressions via P300-dependent histone acetylation. Targeting BCAT2 could be exploited as a promising strategy to restrain tumor progression in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hengxiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baolu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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27
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Szrok-Jurga S, Czumaj A, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Acyl-CoA Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14857. [PMID: 37834305 PMCID: PMC10573383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most human cells. Moreover, βOX is also the source of acetyl-CoA, the substrate for (a) ketone bodies synthesis, (b) cholesterol synthesis, (c) phase II detoxication, (d) protein acetylation, and (d) the synthesis of many other compounds, including N-acetylglutamate-an important regulator of urea synthesis. This review describes the current knowledge on the importance of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal βOX in various organs, including the liver, heart, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral white blood cells, and other cells. In addition, the diseases associated with a disturbance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver, heart, kidney, lung, alimentary tract, and other organs or cells are presented. Special attention was paid to abnormalities of FAO in cancer cells and the diseases caused by mutations in gene-encoding enzymes involved in FAO. Finally, issues related to α- and ω- fatty acid oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institue of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
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28
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Zhou WH, Luo Y, Li RX, Degrace P, Jourdan T, Qiao F, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation activates mTORC1 pathway and protein synthesis via Gcn5-dependent acetylation of Raptor in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105220. [PMID: 37660921 PMCID: PMC10540046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been clinically used to alleviate certain metabolic diseases by remodeling cellular metabolism. However, mitochondrial FAO inhibition also leads to mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation-related protein synthesis and tissue hypertrophy, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, by using a mitochondrial FAO inhibitor (mildronate or etomoxir) or knocking out carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, we revealed that mitochondrial FAO inhibition activated the mTORC1 pathway through general control nondepressible 5-dependent Raptor acetylation. Mitochondrial FAO inhibition significantly promoted glucose catabolism and increased intracellular acetyl-CoA levels. In response to the increased intracellular acetyl-CoA, acetyltransferase general control nondepressible 5 activated mTORC1 by catalyzing Raptor acetylation through direct interaction. Further investigation also screened Raptor deacetylase histone deacetylase class II and identified histone deacetylase 7 as a potential regulator of Raptor. These results provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the mTORC1 activation after mitochondrial FAO inhibition and also bring light to reveal the roles of nutrient metabolic remodeling in regulating protein acetylation by affecting acetyl-CoA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Xin Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pascal Degrace
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia Research Group, INSERM UMR1231 CTM (Center for Translational and Molecular Medicine) Ex-Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia Research Group, INSERM UMR1231 CTM (Center for Translational and Molecular Medicine) Ex-Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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29
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Sharma A, Singh AK. Molecular mechanism of caloric restriction mimetics-mediated neuroprotection of age-related neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging therapeutic approach. Biogerontology 2023; 24:679-708. [PMID: 37428308 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging-induced neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are significantly increasing health problem worldwide. It has been well documented that oxidative stress is one of the potential causes of aging and age-related NDs. There are no drugs for the treatment of NDs, therefore there is an immediate necessity for the development of strategies/treatments either to prevent or cure age-related NDs. Caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting have been considered as effective strategies in increasing the healthspan and lifespan, but it is difficult to adhere to these routines strictly, which has led to the development of calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs). CRMs are natural compounds that provide similar molecular and biochemical effects of CR, and activate autophagy process. CRMs have been reported to regulate redox signaling by enhancing the antioxidant defense systems through activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and inhibiting ROS generation through attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, CRMs also regulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways to promote neuronal cell survival. Here, we discuss the neuroprotective effects of various CRMs at molecular and cellular levels during aging of the brain. The CRMs are envisaged to become a cornerstone of the pharmaceutical arsenal against aging and age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Sharma
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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Nieto-Torres JL, Zaretski S, Liu T, Adams PD, Hansen M. Post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins - an emerging mechanism of autophagy control. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs259725. [PMID: 37589340 PMCID: PMC10445744 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a recycling mechanism involved in cellular homeostasis with key implications for health and disease. The conjugation of the ATG8 family proteins, which includes LC3B (also known as MAP1LC3B), to autophagosome membranes, constitutes a hallmark of the canonical autophagy process. After ATG8 proteins are conjugated to the autophagosome membranes via lipidation, they orchestrate a plethora of protein-protein interactions that support key steps of the autophagy process. These include binding to cargo receptors to allow cargo recruitment, association with proteins implicated in autophagosome transport and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. How these diverse and critical protein-protein interactions are regulated is still not well understood. Recent reports have highlighted crucial roles for post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins in the regulation of ATG8 functions and the autophagy process. This Review summarizes the main post-translational regulatory events discovered to date to influence the autophagy process, mostly described in mammalian cells, including ubiquitylation, acetylation, lipidation and phosphorylation, as well as their known contributions to the autophagy process, physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Nieto-Torres
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Sviatlana Zaretski
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Buck Institute for Aging Research, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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Galasso L, Cappella A, Mulè A, Castelli L, Ciorciari A, Stacchiotti A, Montaruli A. Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9798. [PMID: 37372945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy dysregulation is commonplace in the pathogenesis of several invalidating diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases. Polyamines, as spermidine and spermine, are small aliphatic cations essential for cell growth and differentiation, with multiple antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Remarkably, they are emerging as natural autophagy regulators with strong anti-aging effects. Polyamine levels were significantly altered in the skeletal muscles of aged animals. Therefore, supplementation of spermine and spermidine may be important to prevent or treat muscle atrophy. Recent in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that spermidine reverses dysfunctional autophagy and stimulates mitophagy in muscles and heart, preventing senescence. Physical exercise, as polyamines, regulates skeletal muscle mass inducing proper autophagy and mitophagy. This narrative review focuses on the latest evidence regarding the efficacy of polyamines and exercise as autophagy inducers, alone or coupled, in alleviating sarcopenia and aging-dependent musculoskeletal diseases. A comprehensive description of overall autophagic steps in muscle, polyamine metabolic pathways, and effects of the role of autophagy inducers played by both polyamines and exercise has been presented. Although literature shows few data in regard to this controversial topic, interesting effects on muscle atrophy in murine models have emerged when the two "autophagy-inducers" were combined. We hope these findings, with caution, can encourage researchers to continue investigating in this direction. In particular, if these novel insights could be confirmed in further in vivo and clinical studies, and the two synergic treatments could be optimized in terms of dose and duration, then polyamine supplementation and physical exercise might have a clinical potential in sarcopenia, and more importantly, implications for a healthy lifestyle in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciorciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Xie Y, Lei X, Zhao G, Guo R, Cui N. mTOR in programmed cell death and its therapeutic implications. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:66-81. [PMID: 37380596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, is involved in cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell death. Programmed cell death (PCD) assists in eliminating aging, damaged, or neoplastic cells, and is indispensable for sustaining normal growth, fighting pathogenic microorganisms, and maintaining body homeostasis. mTOR has crucial functions in the intricate signaling pathway network of multiple forms of PCD. mTOR can inhibit autophagy, which is part of PCD regulation. Cell survival is affected by mTOR through autophagy to control reactive oxygen species production and the degradation of pertinent proteins. Additionally, mTOR can regulate PCD in an autophagy-independent manner by affecting the expression levels of related genes and phosphorylating proteins. Therefore, mTOR acts through both autophagy-dependent and -independent pathways to regulate PCD. It is conceivable that mTOR exerts bidirectional regulation of PCD, such as ferroptosis, according to the complexity of signaling pathway networks, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explained. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding mTOR-mediated regulatory mechanisms in PCD. Rigorous investigations into PCD-related signaling pathways have provided prospective therapeutic targets that may be clinically beneficial for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianli Lei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyu Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Guilherme A, Rowland LA, Wetoska N, Tsagkaraki E, Santos KB, Bedard AH, Henriques F, Kelly M, Munroe S, Pedersen DJ, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Tauer L, Pan M, Han X, Kim JK, Newgard CB, Muoio DM, Czech MP. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 is a suppressor of the adipocyte thermogenic program. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112488. [PMID: 37163372 PMCID: PMC10286105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of adipocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deletion of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in mice induces browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). However, adipocyte FASN knockout (KO) increases acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA in addition to depletion of palmitate. We explore which of these metabolite changes triggers adipose browning by generating eight adipose-selective KO mouse models with loss of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), ACC2, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) or FASN, or dual KOs ACLY/FASN, ACC1/FASN, and ACC2/FASN. Preventing elevation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by depletion of adipocyte ACLY or ACC1 in combination with FASN KO does not block the browning of iWAT. Conversely, elevating malonyl-CoA levels in MCD KO mice does not induce browning. Strikingly, adipose ACC1 KO induces a strong iWAT thermogenic response similar to FASN KO while also blocking malonyl-CoA and palmitate synthesis. Thus, ACC1 and FASN are strong suppressors of adipocyte thermogenesis through promoting lipid synthesis rather than modulating the DNL intermediates acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Leslie A Rowland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kaltinaitis B Santos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sean Munroe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David J Pedersen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lauren Tauer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Cholico GN, Orlowska K, Fling RR, Sink WJ, Zacharewski NA, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski T. Consequences of reprogramming acetyl-CoA metabolism by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the mouse liver. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4138. [PMID: 36914879 PMCID: PMC10011583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant that induces the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, TCDD reprograms hepatic metabolism by redirecting glycolytic intermediates while inhibiting lipid metabolism. Here, we examined the effect of TCDD on hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and β-hydroxybutyrate levels as well as protein acetylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation. Acetyl-CoA is not only a central metabolite in multiple anabolic and catabolic pathways, but also a substrate used for posttranslational modification of proteins and a surrogate indicator of cellular energy status. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic acetyl-CoA levels coincident with the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), and the induction of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, while repressing ATP citrate lyase and short-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene expression. In addition, TCDD dose-dependently reduced the levels of hepatic β-hydroxybutyrate and repressed ketone body biosynthesis gene expression. Moreover, levels of total hepatic protein acetylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation were reduced. AMPK phosphorylation was induced consistent with acetyl-CoA serving as a cellular energy status surrogate, yet subsequent targets associated with re-establishing energy homeostasis were not activated. Collectively, TCDD reduced hepatic acetyl-CoA and β-hydroxybutyrate levels eliciting starvation-like conditions despite normal levels of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovan N Cholico
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Karina Orlowska
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Russell R Fling
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Warren J Sink
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharewski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tim Zacharewski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Zhang K, Sowers ML, Cherryhomes EI, Singh VK, Mishra A, Restrepo BI, Khan A, Jagannath C. Sirtuin-dependent metabolic and epigenetic regulation of macrophages during tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121495. [PMID: 36993975 PMCID: PMC10040548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the preeminent phagocytic cells which control multiple infections. Tuberculosis a leading cause of death in mankind and the causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects and persists in macrophages. Macrophages use reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and autophagy to kill and degrade microbes including MTB. Glucose metabolism regulates the macrophage-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms. Whereas glucose is essential for the growth of cells in immune cells, glucose metabolism and its downsteam metabolic pathways generate key mediators which are essential co-substrates for post-translational modifications of histone proteins, which in turn, epigenetically regulate gene expression. Herein, we describe the role of sirtuins which are NAD+-dependent histone histone/protein deacetylases during the epigenetic regulation of autophagy, the production of ROS/RNS, acetyl-CoA, NAD+, and S-adenosine methionine (SAM), and illustrate the cross-talk between immunometabolism and epigenetics on macrophage activation. We highlight sirtuins as emerging therapeutic targets for modifying immunometabolism to alter macrophage phenotype and antimicrobial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mark L. Sowers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ellie I. Cherryhomes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Blanca I. Restrepo
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Rowland LA, Guilherme A, Henriques F, DiMarzio C, Munroe S, Wetoska N, Kelly M, Reddig K, Hendricks G, Pan M, Han X, Ilkayeva OR, Newgard CB, Czech MP. De novo lipogenesis fuels adipocyte autophagosome and lysosome membrane dynamics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1362. [PMID: 36914626 PMCID: PMC10011520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes robustly synthesize fatty acids (FA) from carbohydrate through the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway, yet surprisingly DNL contributes little to their abundant triglyceride stored in lipid droplets. This conundrum raises the hypothesis that adipocyte DNL instead enables membrane expansions to occur in processes like autophagy, which requires an abundant supply of phospholipids. We report here that adipocyte Fasn deficiency in vitro and in vivo markedly impairs autophagy, evident by autophagosome accumulation and severely compromised degradation of the autophagic substrate p62. Our data indicate the impairment occurs at the level of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and indeed, loss of Fasn decreases certain membrane phosphoinositides necessary for autophagosome and lysosome maturation and fusion. Autophagy dependence on FA produced by Fasn is not fully alleviated by exogenous FA in cultured adipocytes, and interestingly, imaging studies reveal that Fasn colocalizes with nascent autophagosomes. Together, our studies identify DNL as a critical source of FAs to fuel autophagosome and lysosome maturation and fusion in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Rowland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Chloe DiMarzio
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Sean Munroe
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Wetoska
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Keith Reddig
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Gregory Hendricks
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Romano PS, Akematsu T, Besteiro S, Bindschedler A, Carruthers VB, Chahine Z, Coppens I, Descoteaux A, Alberto Duque TL, He CY, Heussler V, Le Roch KG, Li FJ, de Menezes JPB, Menna-Barreto RFS, Mottram JC, Schmuckli-Maurer J, Turk B, Tavares Veras PS, Salassa BN, Vanrell MC. Autophagy in protists and their hosts: When, how and why? AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2149211. [PMID: 37064813 PMCID: PMC10104450 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2149211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic protists are a group of organisms responsible for causing a variety of human diseases including malaria, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis, among others. These diseases, which affect more than one billion people globally, mainly the poorest populations, are characterized by severe chronic stages and the lack of effective antiparasitic treatment. Parasitic protists display complex life-cycles and go through different cellular transformations in order to adapt to the different hosts they live in. Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular degradation process, has emerged as a key mechanism required for these differentiation processes, as well as other functions that are crucial to parasite fitness. In contrast to yeasts and mammals, protist autophagy is characterized by a modest number of conserved autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) that, even though, can drive the autophagosome formation and degradation. In addition, during their intracellular cycle, the interaction of these pathogens with the host autophagy system plays a crucial role resulting in a beneficial or harmful effect that is important for the outcome of the infection. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on autophagy and other related mechanisms in pathogenic protists and their hosts. We sought to emphasize when, how, and why this process takes place, and the effects it may have on the parasitic cycle. A better understanding of the significance of autophagy for the protist life-cycle will potentially be helpful to design novel anti-parasitic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Silvia Romano
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y de la célula hospedadora. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. (IHEM-CONICET-UNCUYO). Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Av. Libertador 80 (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Takahiko Akematsu
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zeinab Chahine
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology. Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute. Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore 21205, MD, USA
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, QC
| | - Thabata Lopes Alberto Duque
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cynthia Y He
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Volker Heussler
- Institute of Cell Biology.University of Bern. Baltzerstr. 4 3012 Bern
| | - Karine G Le Roch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Feng-Jun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jeremy C Mottram
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases - National Council for Scientific Research and Development (CNPq)
| | - Betiana Nebai Salassa
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y de la célula hospedadora. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. (IHEM-CONICET-UNCUYO). Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Av. Libertador 80 (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Vanrell
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y de la célula hospedadora. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. (IHEM-CONICET-UNCUYO). Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Av. Libertador 80 (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
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Abstract
Few metabolites can claim a more central and versatile role in cell metabolism than acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Acetyl-CoA is produced during nutrient catabolism to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is the essential building block for fatty acid and isoprenoid biosynthesis. It also functions as a signalling metabolite as the substrate for lysine acetylation reactions, enabling the modulation of protein functions in response to acetyl-CoA availability. Recent years have seen exciting advances in our understanding of acetyl-CoA metabolism in normal physiology and in cancer, buoyed by new mouse models, in vivo stable-isotope tracing approaches and improved methods for measuring acetyl-CoA, including in specific subcellular compartments. Efforts to target acetyl-CoA metabolic enzymes are also advancing, with one therapeutic agent targeting acetyl-CoA synthesis receiving approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. In this Review, we give an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of major metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We further discuss recent advances in understanding acetyl-CoA metabolism in normal tissues and tumours and the potential for targeting these pathways therapeutically. We conclude with a commentary on emerging nodes of acetyl-CoA metabolism that may impact cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Guan SP, Kumar SN, Fann DY, Kennedy BK. A mechanistic perspective on the health promoting effects of alcohol - A focus on epigenetics modification. Alcohol 2023; 107:91-96. [PMID: 35987314 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
While the detrimental effects of binge drinking are well recognized, low-to-moderate alcohol consumption may be beneficial to health, although the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. In this opinion article, we will examine the effects of low dose alcohol consumption from the perspective of epigenetic modulation. Biochemically, alcohol is metabolized into acetate and subsequently to acetyl-coA, which can modulate histone acetylation levels. While elevated levels of acetyl-CoA are detrimental for longevity, we argue that diminished acetyl-CoA also negatively affects fatty acid biosynthesis and histone acetylation, which play a critical role in gene expression and, ultimately, health span. Since mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism, which provide the main source of nucleocytoplasmic acetyl-CoA, are compromised with age, alcohol-derived acetate could be an alternative source of acetyl-CoA to compensate. Hence, the health benefits of low ethanol consumption may be more pronounced after midlife, since mitochondrial function and/or glucose metabolism are diminished in this phase of the life course. Indeed, various clinical alcohol consumption studies concur with this notion, and have shown that a low dose of regular alcohol intake after midlife brings about various health and survival benefits. The requirement for regular alcohol intake may also reflect the transient nature of ethanol-induced histone acetylation. Conversely, ethanol may also stimulate carcinogenesis by inhibiting DNA methylation, as it was shown to reduce various pathways leading to DNA and histone methylation. However, unlike acetylation, where ethanol directly increases the substrate for acetylation, this effect was only observed in the high alcohol exposure cohort. While alcohol-derived acetate may be beneficial for health after midlife, various detrimental effects of alcohol consumption remain, and hence, we do not advocate excessive drinking to increase acetate. This opinion article establishes a possible role of ethanol-derived acetate in achieving homeostasis and sustaining an organism's health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Ping Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shermila N Kumar
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Loss of pex5 sensitizes zebrafish to fasting due to deregulated mitochondria, mTOR, and autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:69. [PMID: 36821008 PMCID: PMC9950184 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have been utilized to understand the pathogenesis of Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs); however, the link between clinical manifestations and molecular pathways has not yet been clearly established. We generated peroxin 5 homozygous mutant zebrafish (pex5-/-) to gain insight into the molecular pathogenesis of peroxisome dysfunction. pex5-/- display hallmarks of ZSD in humans and die within one month after birth. Fasting rapidly depletes lipids and glycogen in pex5-/- livers and expedites their mortality. Mechanistically, deregulated mitochondria and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling act together to induce metabolic alterations that deplete hepatic nutrients and accumulate damaged mitochondria. Accordingly, chemical interventions blocking either the mitochondrial function or mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) or a combination of both improve the metabolic imbalance shown in the fasted pex5-/- livers and extend the survival of animals. In addition, the suppression of oxidative stress by N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) treatment rescued the apoptotic cell death and early mortality observed in pex5-/-. Furthermore, an autophagy activator effectively ameliorated the early mortality of fasted pex5-/-. These results suggest that fasting may be detrimental to patients with peroxisome dysfunction, and that modulating the mitochondria, mTORC1, autophagy activities, or oxidative stress may provide a therapeutic option to alleviate the symptoms of peroxisomal diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction.
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Kim B, Gwak J, Kim M, Yang S, Hwang S, Shin S, Kim JH, Son J, Jeong SM. Suppression of fatty acid oxidation supports pancreatic cancer growth and survival under hypoxic conditions through autophagy induction. Cancer Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41417-023-00598-y. [PMID: 36807391 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, one of the key features of solid tumors, induces autophagy, which acts as an important adaptive mechanism for tumor progression under hypoxic environment. Cellular metabolic reprogramming has been correlated with hypoxia, but the molecular connection to the induction of autophagy remains obscure. Here, we show that suppression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by hypoxia induces autophagy in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells that is required for their growth and survival. Reduced cellular acetyl-CoA levels caused by FAO inhibition decreases LC3 acetylation, resulting in autophagosome formation. Importantly, PDAC cells are significantly dependent on this metabolic reprogramming, as improving FAO leads to a reduction in hypoxia-induced autophagy and an increase in cell death after chemotherapy. Thus, our study supports that suppression of FAO is an important metabolic response to hypoxia and indicates that targeting this pathway in PDAC may be an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Jihye Gwak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Minjoong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Seungyeon Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Sunsook Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation, play crucial roles in the regulation of autophagy. Acetylation has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for autophagy. Acetylation regulates autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation by targeting core components of the ULK1 complex, the BECN1-PIK3C3 complex, and the LC3 lipidation system. Recent studies have shown that acetylation occurs on the key proteins participating in autophagic cargo assembly and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, such as SQSTM1/p62 and STX17. In addition, acetylation controls autophagy at the transcriptional level by targeting histones and the transcription factor TFEB. Here, we review the current knowledge on acetylation of autophagy proteins and their regulations and functions in the autophagy pathway with focus on recent findings.Abbreviations : ACAT1: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1; ACSS2: acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCAR2/DBC1: cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2; BECN1: beclin 1; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CREBBP/CBP: CREB binding protein; EP300/p300: E1A binding protein p300; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase 3; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; KAT2A/GCN5: lysine acetyltransferase 2A; KAT2B/PCAF: lysine acetyltransferase 2B; KAT5/TIP60: lysine acetyltransferase 5; KAT8/MOF: lysine acetyltransferase 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; PD: Parkinson disease; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M1/2; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTM: post-translational modification; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RUBCN/Rubicon: rubicon autophagy regulator; RUBCNL/Pacer: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SNARE: soluble N-ethylamide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; TP53INP2/DOR: tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,CONTACT Wei Wan Research Building B, Room 716, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
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Zhai J, Kongsberg WH, Pan Y, Hao C, Wang X, Sun J. Caloric restriction induced epigenetic effects on aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1079920. [PMID: 36712965 PMCID: PMC9880295 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1079920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the subject of many studies, facilitating the discovery of many interventions. Epigenetic influences numerous life processes by regulating gene expression and also plays a crucial role in aging regulation. Increasing data suggests that dietary changes can alter epigenetic marks associated with aging. Caloric restriction (CR)is considered an intervention to regulate aging and prolong life span. At present, CR has made some progress by regulating signaling pathways associated with aging as well as the mechanism of action of intercellular signaling molecules against aging. In this review, we will focus on autophagy and epigenetic modifications to elaborate the molecular mechanisms by which CR delays aging by triggering autophagy, epigenetic modifications, and the interaction between the two in caloric restriction. In order to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of aging and delaying aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Sun
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Wang, ; Jie Sun,
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Calorie Restriction Provides Kidney Ischemic Tolerance in Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315224. [PMID: 36499550 PMCID: PMC9735762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases belong to a group of pathologies, which are most common among elderly people. With age, even outwardly healthy organisms start to exhibit some age-related changes in the renal tissue, which reduce the filtration function of kidneys and increase the susceptibility to injury. The therapy of acute kidney injury (AKI) is aggravated by the absence of targeted pharmacotherapies thus yielding high mortality of patients with AKI. In this study, we analyzed the protective effects of calorie restriction (CR) against ischemic AKI in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. We observed that CR afforded OXYS rats with significant nephroprotection. To uncover molecular mechanisms of CR beneficial effects, we assessed the levels of anti- and proapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, COX IV, GAPDH, and mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT-3, as well as alterations in total protein acetylation and carbonylation, mitochondrial dynamics (OPA1, Fis1, Drp1) and kidney regeneration pathways (PCNA, GDF11). The activation of autophagy and mitophagy was analyzed by LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, beclin-1, PINK-1, and total mitochondrial protein ubiquitination. Among all considered protective pathways, the improvement of mitochondrial functioning may be suggested as one of the possible mechanisms for beneficial effects of CR.
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Hofer SJ, Simon AK, Bergmann M, Eisenberg T, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1112-1129. [PMID: 37118547 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging involves the systemic deterioration of all known cell types in most eukaryotes. Several recently discovered compounds that extend the healthspan and lifespan of model organisms decelerate pathways that govern the aging process. Among these geroprotectors, spermidine, a natural polyamine ubiquitously found in organisms from all kingdoms, prolongs the lifespan of fungi, nematodes, insects and rodents. In mice, it also postpones the manifestation of various age-associated disorders such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. The specific features of spermidine, including its presence in common food items, make it an interesting candidate for translational aging research. Here, we review novel insights into the geroprotective mode of action of spermidine at the molecular level, as we discuss strategies for elucidating its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Fukui K, Takahashi T, Matsunari H, Uchikura A, Watanabe M, Nagashima H, Ishihara N, Kakuma T, Watanabe Y, Yamashita Y, Yoshino M. Moving towards a novel therapeutic strategy for hyperammonemia that targets glutamine metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:1059-1069. [PMID: 35866457 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with urea cycle disorders intermittently develop episodes of decompensation with hyperammonemia. Although such an episode is often associated with starvation and catabolism, its molecular basis is not fully understood. First, we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of such starvation-associated hyperammonemia. Using a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) culture system, we found that glucose starvation increases ammonia production, and that this increase is associated with enhanced glutaminolysis. These results led us to focus on α-ketoglutarate (AKG), a glutamate dehydrogenase inhibitor, and a major anaplerotic metabolite. Hence, we sought to determine the effect of dimethyl α-ketoglutarate (DKG), a cell-permeable AKG analog, on MEFs and found that DKG mitigates ammonia production primarily by reducing flux through glutamate dehydrogenase. We also verified that DKG reduces ammonia in an NH4 Cl-challenged hyperammonemia mouse model and observed that DKG administration reduces plasma ammonia concentration to 22.8% of the mean value for control mice that received only NH4 Cl. In addition, we detected increases in ornithine concentration and in the ratio of ornithine to arginine following DKG treatment. We subsequently administered DKG intravenously to a newborn pig with hyperammonemia due to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and found that blood ammonia concentration declined significantly over time. We determined that this effect is associated with facilitated reductive amination and glutamine synthesis. Our present data indicate that energy starvation triggers hyperammonemia through enhanced glutaminolysis and that DKG reduces ammonia accumulation via pleiotropic mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, cell-permeable forms of AKG are feasible candidates for a novel hyperammonemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fukui
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Engineering, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Laboratory of Medical Engineering, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Engineering, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoriko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Research Institute of Medical Mass Spectrometry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshino
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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Udupa P, Kumar A, Parit R, Ghosh DK. Acyl-CoA binding protein regulates nutrient-dependent autophagy. Metabolism 2022:155338. [PMID: 36280213 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeostasis of autophagy under normal conditions and nutrient stress is maintained by adaptive activation of regulatory proteins. However, the protein-lipid crosstalk that modulates the switch from suppression to activation of autophagy initiation is largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we show that human diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), also known as acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP), binds to phosphatidylethanolamine of the phagophore membrane under nutrient-rich growth conditions, leading to inhibition of LC3 lipidation and suppression of autophagy initiation. Specific residues, including the conserved tyrosine residues of DBI, interact with phosphatidylethanolamine to stabilize the later molecule in the acyl-CoA binding cavity of the protein. Under starvation, phosphorylation of serine-21 of DBI mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase results in a drastic reduction in the affinity of the protein for phosphatidylethanolamine. The release of serine-21 phosphorylated DBI from the phagophore upon nutrient starvation restores the high LC3 lipidation flux and maturation of the phagophore to autophagosome. CONCLUSION DBI acts as a strategic barrier against overactivation of phagophore maturation under nutrient-rich conditions, while triggering autophagy under nutrient-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Udupa
- Departmentof Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Rahul Parit
- Departmentof Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Debasish Kumar Ghosh
- Departmentof Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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Bhowmick S, Beckmann M, Shen J, Mur LAJ. Identification and metabolomic characterization of potent anti-MRSA phloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai (Polypodiaceae). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:961087. [PMID: 36339560 PMCID: PMC9630833 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.961087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat infectious diseases and could offer potential drug leads. This study evaluates the in vitro antimicrobial activities from commercially sourced Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai (Polypodiaceae) whose authenticity was confirmed by DNA barcoding based on the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene. Powdered rhizomes were sequentially extracted using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol at ambient temperature. The dried extracts at different concentrations were tested for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Mycobacterium smegmatis. D. crassirhizoma extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activities only against MRSA (minimum inhibitory concentration: 3.125 μg/ml n-hexane extract). Activity-led fractionations of D. crassirhizoma and characterization by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) targeted a fraction (A3), with two anti-MRSA phloroglucinol derivatives, flavaspidic acid AB and norflavaspidic acid AB—being greatly enriched in the latter. The impact of A3 on MRSA cells was examined using untargeted metabolomic analysis and compared to that of other established antibiotics (all treatments normalized to MIC50 at 6 h). This suggested that norflavaspidic acid AB had distinctive effects, one of which involved targeting bioenergetic transformation, metabolism, and particularly acetyl-CoA, on MRSA cells. No cytotoxicity was observed for the norflavaspidic acid AB-enriched fraction against murine HepG2 cells. This study requires further experimental validation but can have indicated a naturally available compound that could help counter the threat of clinically relevant strains with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Bhowmick
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Jianying Shen
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianying Shen, ; Luis A. J. Mur,
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jianying Shen, ; Luis A. J. Mur,
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Montégut L, de Cabo R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Science-Driven Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2258-2279. [PMID: 35997502 PMCID: PMC10749912 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In population studies, dietary patterns clearly influence the development, progression, and therapeutic response of cancers. Nonetheless, interventional dietary trials have had relatively little impact on the prevention and treatment of malignant disease. Standardization of nutritional interventions combined with high-level mode-of-action studies holds the promise of identifying specific entities and pathways endowed with antineoplastic properties. Here, we critically review the effects of caloric restriction and more specific interventions on macro- and micronutrients in preclinical models as well as in clinical studies. We place special emphasis on the prospect of using defined nutrition-relevant molecules to enhance the efficacy of established anticancer treatments. SIGNIFICANCE The avoidance of intrinsically hypercaloric and toxic diets contributes to the prevention and cure of cancer. In addition, specific diet-induced molecules such as ketone bodies and micronutrients, including specific vitamins, have drug-like effects that are clearly demonstrable in preclinical models, mostly in the context of immunotherapies. Multiple trials are underway to determine the clinical utility of such molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Montégut
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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