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Martins DO, Marques DP, Chacur M. Enhancing nerve regeneration in infraorbital nerve injury rat model: effects of vitamin B complex and photobiomodulation. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:119. [PMID: 38679671 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Orofacial nerve injuries may result in temporary or long-term loss of sensory function and decreased quality of life in patients. B vitamins are required for DNA synthesis and the repair and maintenance of phospholipids. In particular, vitamins B1, B6, and B12 are essential for neuronal function. Deficiency in vitamin B complex (VBC) has been linked to increased oxidative stress, inflammation and demyelination. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has antioxidant activity and is neuroprotective. In addition, a growing literature attests to the positive effects of PBM on nerve repair. To assess the effect of PBM and VBC on regenerative process we evaluated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), myelin basic protein (MBP), laminin and neurofilaments (NFs) using Western blotting to identify regenerative pattern after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI IoN) treated by PBM, VBC or its combination. After CCI IoN, the rats were divided into six groups naive, sham, injured (CCI IoN), treated with photobiomodulation (904 nm, 6.23 J/cm2, CCI IoN + PBM), treated with VBC (containing B1, B6 and B12) 5 times, CCI IoN + VBC) and treated with PBM and VBC (CCI IoN + VBC + PBM). The treatments could revert low expression of BDNF, MBP and laminin. Also reverted the higher expression of neurofilaments and enhanced expression of NGF. PBM and VBC could accelerate injured infraorbital nerve repair in rats through reducing the expression of neurofilaments, increasing the expression of BDNF, laminin and MBP and overexpressing NGF. These data support the notion that the use of PBM and VBC may help in the treatment of nerve injuries. This finding has potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oliveira Martins
- Division of Neuroscience/Hospital Sírio-Libânes, Street Daher Cutait 69, São Paulo, SP, 01308-060, Brazil.
- Departmento de Anatomia, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Pereira Marques
- Departmento de Anatomia, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Departmento de Anatomia, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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2
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Husn M, Amin Z, Ali Y, Kanwal L, Sabir K, Shah SA, Shah SF. Neuroprotective effects of vitamin B1 on memory impairment and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in traumatic brain injury. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2175-2184. [PMID: 37314619 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains one of the prevailing disorders that affect millions of people around the globe. There is a cascade of secondary attributes attached to TBI including excitotoxicity, axonal degeneration, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Neuroinflammation is caused due to the activation of microglia along with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The activation of microglia triggers TNF-α which sequentially results in the triggering and upregulation of NF-kB. The aim of the current research was to investigate vitamin B1's potential as neuroprotective agent against TBI-induced neuroinflammation arbitrated memory impairment together with pre- and post-synaptic dysfunction in an adult albino male mice model. TBI was induced using the weight-drop method which caused the microglial activation resulting in neuroinflammation along with synaptic dysfunction leading to the memory impairment of the adult mice. Vitamin B1 was administered for seven days via the intraperitoneal pathway. To analyze the memory impairment and efficacy of vitamin B1, Morris water maze and Y-maze tests were performed. The escape latency time and short-term memories of the experimental mice treated with vitamin B1 were significantly different from the reference mice. The western blot results showed that vitamin B1 has reduced neuroinflammation by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines (NFκ-B, TNF- α). Vitamin B1 also proved its worthiness as a convincing neuroprotective agent by reducing memory dysfunction and recovering the activities of pre- and post-synapse via upregulation of synaptophysin and Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Husn
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Neuro Molecular Medicine Research Center (NMMRC), Ring Road Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zarnosh Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Neuro Molecular Medicine Research Center (NMMRC), Ring Road Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Government College Batkhela, FGEIs (C/G), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University Swat Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Lubna Kanwal
- Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 0000-0003-2618-3004, Pakistan
| | - Kehkashan Sabir
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Neuro Molecular Medicine Research Center (NMMRC), Ring Road Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Neuro Molecular Medicine Research Center (NMMRC), Ring Road Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Biology The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Farhan Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Neuro Molecular Medicine Research Center (NMMRC), Ring Road Peshawar, Pakistan
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3
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Marques HM. The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids - an update. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112154. [PMID: 36871417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids, derivatives of vitamin B12, is reviewed, with particular emphasis on equilibrium constants for, and kinetics of, their axial ligand substitution reactions. The role the corrin ligand plays in controlling and modifying the properties of the metal ion is emphasised. Other aspects of the chemistry of these compounds, including their structure, corrinoid complexes with metals other than cobalt, the redox chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids and their chemical redox reactions, and their photochemistry are discussed. Their role as catalysts in non-biological reactions and aspects of their organometallic chemistry are briefly mentioned. Particular mention is made of the role that computational methods - and especially DFT calculations - have played in developing our understanding of the inorganic chemistry of these compounds. A brief overview of the biological chemistry of the B12-dependent enzymes is also given for the reader's convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder M Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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Bucolo C, Maugeri G, Giunta S, D’Agata V, Drago F, Romano GL. Corneal wound healing and nerve regeneration by novel ophthalmic formulations based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1109291. [PMID: 36817120 PMCID: PMC9932323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the pharmacological profile of ocular formulations based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate (CL-SH), taurine (Tau), vitamin B6 (Vit B6) and vitamin B12 (Vit B12) using in vitro and in vivo paradigms. Methods: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were used to assess wound healing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by scratch assay and oxidative stress (0.3 mM H2O2; 30 min), respectively with or without ocular formulations exposure. In vivo studies were carried out on albino rabbits to evaluate corneal nerve regeneration and corneal wound healing with or without treatment with six different formulations. Animals were anesthetized, the corneal epithelium was removed, and formulations were topically administered (30 μL/eye; 3 times/day for 6 days). Slit-lamp observation was carried out at different time points. After 6 days the animals were killed, and corneas were collected to evaluate corneal re-innervation by immunohistochemistry of selective neuronal marker β-III tubulin. Results: Formulations containing the concentrations 0.16% or 0.32% of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 accelerated corneal wound healing. Cells exposed to H2O2 led to significant (p < 0.05) increase of reactive oxygen species concentration that was significantly (p < 0.05) counteract by formulations containing cross-linked sodium hyaluronate (0.32%) and taurine with or without vitamins. The extent of re-innervation, in terms of β-III tubulin staining, was 5-fold greater (p < 0.01) in the eye of rabbits treated with formulation containing 0.32% cross-linked sodium hyaluronate, taurine, vitamins (RenerviX®) compared with the control group (no treatment). Furthermore, re-innervation elicited by RenerviX® was significantly greater (p < 0.01) compared with the group treated with the formulation containing 0.32% cross-linked sodium hyaluronate and taurine without vitamins, and with the group treated with the formulation containing 0.5% linear sodium hyaluronate (SH), taurine, and vitamin B12, respectively. Discussion: In conclusion, among the formulations tested, the new ophthalmic gel RenerviX® was able to contrast oxidative stress, to accelerate corneal re-epithelization and to promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,*Correspondence: Claudio Bucolo,
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Demirtas MS, Erdal H. Evaluation of thiol disulfide balance in adolescents with vitamin B12 deficiency. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:3. [PMID: 36611205 PMCID: PMC9824957 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 is an important vitamin for metabolism and affects many mechanisms in the body including neuronal migration, DNA synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, brain and cognitive development. Increased oxidative stress in the body leads to the damage of the child development, but also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases encountered in the childhood period. Our aim is to investigate whether or not B12 deficiency is associated with dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in adolescent patients. METHODS This is a case-controlled observational study consisting of 45 adolescent patients with vitamin b12 deficiency and a control group consisting of 45 healthy adolescent. Patients between 11 and 18 ages who applied to the outpatient clinic for the first time with one of the complaints of headache were selected due to their decreased school performance, dizziness, and fatigue. Hemogram, vitamin B12, homocysteine levels and oxidative stress parameters such as native and total thiol disulfide levels and ratios of disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol were measured from the patients. RESULTS Vitamin B12 level was found to be significantly lower in vitamin B12 deficiency group (p < 0.001). The serum disulfide level was found to be 27.5 ± 8.38 in the case group and 20.5 ± 8.36 in the control group (p < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that the independent variables of native thiol, homocysteine and disulfide levels effected of vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.005 respectively; R2 = 0.62). CONCLUSION The results obtained in terms of the effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on oxidative stress in adolescents are remarkable. The increase in oxidative stress parameters in the patient group may also suggest that oxidative stress plays a vital role in vitamin B12 deficiency in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Semih Demirtas
- grid.411297.80000 0004 0384 345XDepartment of Pediatrics, Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Erdal
- grid.411297.80000 0004 0384 345XDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Xiong ZL, Wang Y, Zhou C, Ma XL, Jiang XW, Yu WH. Based on proteomics to explore the mechanism of mecobalamin promoting the repair of injured peripheral nerves. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:562-572. [PMID: 35413215 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mecobalamin is commonly used in the adjuvant intervention of various peripheral nerve injuries. Actin cytoskeleton plays a role in regeneration of myelin and axon. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of mecobalamin regulating actin cytoskeleton in repairing nerve injury. In this study, a crush injury on the right sciatic nerve of two group of rats (12 in each group) was established. The control group was only given normal saline (i.g.), and the intervention group was given Mecobalamin 1mg/kg (i.g.). The rats were sacrificed on 28th day and the injured nerves were collected for proteomics. The result shows that regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway changed significantly. The expression of protein Vav1 was verified by western blot and immunofluorescence. In the intervention group, the nerve fiber structure was complete, the axons were dense and symmetrical, the myelin sheath was compact and uniform in thickness, The positive rate of myelin basic protein (MBP) and βⅢ-Tubulin was higher than that in the control group. The findings of the study show that mecobalamin regulates the actin cytoskeleton in the repair of nerve damage and up-regulates vav1 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Liang Xiong
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Yao Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Chong Zhou
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Xiang-Lin Ma
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Xiao-Wen Jiang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Wen-Hui Yu
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harbin, Harbin, China;
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Li S, Zhang Q, Gao Y, Nie K, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Wang L. Serum Folate, Vitamin B12 Levels, and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Correlate With Motor Performance in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:665075. [PMID: 34093411 PMCID: PMC8175849 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.665075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of serum folate, vitamin B12 (VitB12) levels, and inflammation-based scores on the motor performance status in Parkinson's disease (PD). We retrospectively collected data from 148 consecutive patients with idiopathic PD first admitted to our hospital. We measured whole blood count, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, folate, and VitB12 levels and calculated the inflammation-based scores. The following scales were applied to assess the motor performance status: activity of daily living scale (ADL, the Barthel Index), the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III), and Hoehn–Yahr (H–Y) classification. The geometric mean of folate and VitB12 levels were 11.87 (ng/ml) and 330.52 (pmol/L), respectively. Folate deficiency (serum level < 4.0 ng/ml) and VitB12 deficiency (serum level < 133 pg/ml) were present in 0.7 and 5.4% of the patients, respectively. The mean prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were 47.78 ± 4.42 and 470.81 ± 254.05, respectively. The multivariate analyses showed that serum VitB12 level (P = 0.002) and SII (P = 0.005) were significant factors for ADL score; serum folate (P = 0.027) and VitB12 (P = 0.037) levels for UPDRS-III score; and serum folate (P = 0.066) and VitB12 (P = 0.017) levels for H–Y classification. The elevated folate level did correlate with greater decline in UPDRS-III score (P = 0.023) and H–Y classification (P = 0.003), whereas there was an obvious increase in ADL score (P = 0.048). SII was negatively associated (P < 0.001) with the ADL score. The three-dimensional drawing, combined with the effect of folate and VitB12 levels, showed that the lowest level of folate was associated with the lowest ADL score and the highest UPDRS-III score and H–Y classification. This study indicates that serum folate, VitB12 levels, and SII are significant factors influencing the motor performance status in patients with PD. SII is negatively associated with ADL. Elevated serum folate level correlates with mild motor impairment in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
The recently delineated structure- and reactivity-based concept of antivitamins B12 has begun to bear fruit by the generation, and study, of a range of such B12 -dummies, either vitamin B12 -derived, or transition metal analogues that also represent potential antivitamins B12 or specific B12 -antimetabolites. As reviewed here, this has opened up new research avenues in organometallic B12 -chemistry and bioinorganic coordination chemistry. Exploratory studies with antivitamins B12 have, furthermore, revealed some of their potential, as pharmacologically interesting compounds, for inducing B12 -deficiency in a range of organisms, from hospital resistant bacteria to laboratory mice. The derived capacity of antivitamins B12 to induce functional B12 -deficiency in mammalian cells and organs also suggest their valuable potential as growth inhibitors of cancerous human and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
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Nedeljković P, Dacić S, Kovačević M, Peković S, Vučević D, Božić - Nedeljković B. VITAMIN B COMPLEX AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEU TICAL MODALITY IN COMBATING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2018. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2018.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Shoffel-Havakuk H, Lava CX, Hapner ER, O'Dell K, Reder L, Johns MM. The Singer's and the Clinician's Perspective on Vitamin B 12 Treatment for Vocal Benefits. J Voice 2018; 33:352-356. [PMID: 29306524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a belief among vocalists that there are voice benefits from vitamin B12 treatment. Yet there are no previous reports regarding vitamin B12 effects on voice. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of vitamin B12 use among singers and their beliefs regarding vitamin B12 therapy. METHODS Anonymous online survey administered to singers, singing-teachers, speech-language pathologists, and laryngologists. RESULTS A total of 192 participants completed the surveys; 128 singers (68 singing-teachers, 30 speech-language pathologists) and 64 laryngologists. Among singers, 12% have perceived voice benefits from vitamin B12 treatment taken for any reason. Four percent used vitamin B12 for voice benefits; all perceived voice benefits as a result. The leading voice benefits were improved stamina, reduced effort, confidence, and control. Nineteen percent of the singers would recommend vitamin B12 treatment to a friend; 15% of the singing-teachers would recommend it to a student. Among laryngologists, 33% been asked by a singer to prescribe vitamin B12 for voice benefits; 9% have prescribed it in the past. Yet only 3% would you recommend it to a patient. When asked "Do you believe vitamin B12 therapy improves vocal performance?" 31% of the singers responded "Yes," compared with none in the laryngologists. When asked "Do you think the singing community believes vitamin B12 therapy improves vocal performance?" 26% of the singers responded "Yes," compared with 53% of the laryngologists (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS There is a discrepancy between the singers' and the laryngologists' beliefs regarding vocal benefits perceived by vitamin B12. Blinded randomized trials are required to verify or refute this belief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Shoffel-Havakuk
- USC Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Edie R Hapner
- USC Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karla O'Dell
- USC Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lindsay Reder
- USC Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael M Johns
- USC Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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12
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Chan W, Almasieh M, Catrinescu MM, Levin LA. Cobalamin-Associated Superoxide Scavenging in Neuronal Cells Is a Potential Mechanism for Vitamin B 12-Deprivation Optic Neuropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:160-172. [PMID: 29037851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic deficiency of vitamin B12 is the only nutritional deficiency definitively proved to cause optic neuropathy and loss of vision. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Optic neuropathies are associated with death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), neurons that project their axons along the optic nerve to the brain. Injury to RGC axons causes a burst of intracellular superoxide, which then signals RGC apoptosis. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was recently shown to be a superoxide scavenger, with a rate constant similar to superoxide dismutase. Given that vitamin B12 deficiency causes an optic neuropathy through unknown mechanisms and that it is a potent superoxide scavenger, we tested whether cobalamin, a vitamin B12 vitamer, would be neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo. We found that cobalamin scavenged superoxide in neuronal cells in vitro treated with the reduction-oxidation cycling agent menadione. In vivo confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy demonstrated that optic nerve transection in Long-Evans rats increased superoxide levels in RGCs. The RGC superoxide burst was significantly reduced by intravitreal cobalamin and resulted in increased RGC survival. These data demonstrate that cobalamin may function as an endogenous neuroprotectant for RGCs through a superoxide-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Chan
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Almasieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria-Magdalena Catrinescu
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonard A Levin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Ruetz M, Shanmuganathan A, Gherasim C, Karasik A, Salchner R, Kieninger C, Wurst K, Banerjee R, Koutmos M, Kräutler B. Inhibierung des humanen B12-verarbeitenden Enzyms CblC durch Antivitamine B12- Kristallstruktur des inaktiven ternären Komplexes mit dem Kosubstrat Glutathion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ruetz
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Molekulare, Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109-0600 USA
| | | | - Carmen Gherasim
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109-0600 USA
- Department of Pathology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Agnes Karasik
- Department of Biochemistry; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda MD 28104 USA
| | - Robert Salchner
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Molekulare, Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
- Watercryst GmbH & Co; Kematen Österreich
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Molekulare, Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Innsbruck; Österreich
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109-0600 USA
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Biochemistry; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda MD 28104 USA
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Molekulare, Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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14
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Ruetz M, Shanmuganathan A, Gherasim C, Karasik A, Salchner R, Kieninger C, Wurst K, Banerjee R, Koutmos M, Kräutler B. Antivitamin B 12 Inhibition of the Human B 12 -Processing Enzyme CblC: Crystal Structure of an Inactive Ternary Complex with Glutathione as the Cosubstrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7387-7392. [PMID: 28544088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B12 antivitamins are important and robust tools for investigating the biological roles of vitamin B12 . Here, the potential antivitamin B12 2,4-difluorophenylethynylcobalamin (F2PhEtyCbl) was prepared, and its 3D structure was studied in solution and in the crystal. Chemically inert F2PhEtyCbl resisted thermolysis of its Co-C bond at 100 °C, was stable in bright daylight, and also remained intact upon prolonged storage in aqueous solution at room temperature. It binds to the human B12 -processing enzyme CblC with high affinity (KD =130 nm) in the presence of the cosubstrate glutathione (GSH). F2PhEtyCbl withstood tailoring by CblC, and it also stabilized the ternary complex with GSH. The crystal structure of this inactivated assembly provides first insight into the binding interactions between an antivitamin B12 and CblC, as well as into the organization of GSH and a base-off cobalamin in the active site of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ruetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Carmen Gherasim
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.,Current address: Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Agnes Karasik
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Robert Salchner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Current address: Watercryst GmbH & Co, Kematen, Austria
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Miller NA, Wiley TE, Spears KG, Ruetz M, Kieninger C, Kräutler B, Sension RJ. Toward the Design of Photoresponsive Conditional Antivitamins B12: A Transient Absorption Study of an Arylcobalamin and an Alkynylcobalamin. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14250-14256. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Theodore E. Wiley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kenneth G. Spears
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Markus Ruetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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16
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Xu J, Wang W, Zhong XX, Feng YW, Wei XH, Liu XG. EXPRESS: Methylcobalamin ameliorates neuropathic pain induced by vincristine in rats: Effect on loss of peripheral nerve fibers and imbalance of cytokines in the spinal dorsal horn. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916657089. [PMID: 27306413 PMCID: PMC4956006 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916657089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vincristine, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, often induces painful peripheral neuropathy and there are currently no effective drugs to prevent or treat this side effect. Previous studies have shown that methylcobalamin has potential analgesic effect in diabetic and chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion model; however, whether methylcobalamin has effect on vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy is still unknown. Results We found that vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, accompanied by a significant loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers in the plantar hind paw skin and an increase in the incidence of atypical mitochondria in the sciatic nerve. Moreover, in the spinal dorsal horn, the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and the protein expression of p-p65 as well as tumor necrosis factor α was increased, whereas the protein expression of IL-10 was decreased following vincristine treatment. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of methylcobalamin could dose dependently attenuate vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, which was associated with intraepidermal nerve fibers rescue, and atypical mitochondria prevalence decrease in the sciatic nerve. Moreover, methylcobalamin inhibited the activation of NADPH oxidase and the downstream NF-κB pathway. Production of tumor necrosis factor α was also decreased and production of IL-10 was increased in the spinal dorsal horn following methylcobalamin treatment. Intrathecal injection of Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate, a NADPH oxidase activator, could completely block the analgesic effect of methylcobalamin. Conclusions Methylcobalamin attenuated vincrinstine-induced neuropathic pain, which was accompanied by inhibition of intraepidermal nerve fibers loss and mitochondria impairment. Inhibiting the activation of NADPH oxidase and the downstream NF-κB pathway, resulting in the rebalancing of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal dorsal horn might also be involved. These findings might provide potential target for preventing vincristine-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Xiong Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Wei Feng
- Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Hong Wei
- Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Xu-Hong Wei, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Xian-Guo Liu, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xian-Guo Liu
- Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Vonder Haar C, Peterson TC, Martens KM, Hoane MR. Vitamins and nutrients as primary treatments in experimental brain injury: Clinical implications for nutraceutical therapies. Brain Res 2016; 1640:114-129. [PMID: 26723564 PMCID: PMC4870112 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the numerous failures of pharmaceuticals to treat traumatic brain injury in humans, more researchers have become interested in combination therapies. This is largely due to the multimodal nature of damage from injury, which causes excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, edema, neuroinflammation and cell death. Polydrug treatments have the potential to target multiple aspects of the secondary injury cascade, while many previous therapies focused on one particular aspect. Of specific note are vitamins, minerals and nutrients that can be utilized to supplement other therapies. Many of these have low toxicity, are already FDA approved and have minimal interactions with other drugs, making them attractive targets for therapeutics. Over the past 20 years, interest in supplementation and supraphysiologic dosing of nutrients for brain injury has increased and indeed many vitamins and nutrients now have a considerable body of the literature backing their use. Here, we review several of the prominent therapies in the category of nutraceutical treatment for brain injury in experimental models, including vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B9, C, D, E), herbs and traditional medicines (ginseng, Gingko biloba), flavonoids, and other nutrients (magnesium, zinc, carnitine, omega-3 fatty acids). While there is still much work to be done, several of these have strong potential for clinical therapies, particularly with regard to polydrug regimens. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Brain injury and recovery.
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18
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Guney T, Alisik M, Alkan A, Basturk A, Akinci S, Hacibekiroglu T, Dilek I, Erel O. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in adults with vitamin B12 deficiency. Redox Rep 2016; 21:1-5. [PMID: 26365721 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARES) enzyme activity in adults with vitamin B12 deficiency, and specific changes in the activities of these enzymes following vitamin B12 treatment. METHODS A total of 46 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (aged 18-82 years) and 45 healthy volunteer controls (aged 19-64 years) participated in this study. Venous blood samples were collected, and serum vitamin B12, homocysteine (HCY), methylmalonic acid, PON1, and ARES levels were measured. RESULTS Paired comparison showed that pre- and post-treatment values for PON and ARES were similar between patients and controls (both P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between patients' pre-/post-treatment PON or HCY levels and serum vitamin B12 levels, compared with those of the control group (P > 0.05). DISCUSSION The results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that the antioxidant enzymes PON and ARES have an underlying role in vitamin B12 deficiency and related hyperhomocysteinemia. Our findings suggest that PON and ARES do not play a role in the systemic effects of vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekin Guney
- a Department of Hematology , Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Murat Alisik
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry , Ataturk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Afra Alkan
- c Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics , Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Basturk
- d Department of Hematology , Konya Training and Research Hospital , Konya , Turkey
| | - Sema Akinci
- e Department of Hematology , Ataturk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tuba Hacibekiroglu
- f Department of Hematology , Sakarya Training and Research Hospital , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Imdat Dilek
- g Department of Hematology , Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- h Department of Medical Biochemistry , Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
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19
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Brito A, Verdugo R, Hertrampf E, Miller JW, Green R, Fedosov SN, Shahab-Ferdows S, Sanchez H, Albala C, Castillo JL, Matamala JM, Uauy R, Allen LH. Vitamin B-12 treatment of asymptomatic, deficient, elderly Chileans improves conductivity in myelinated peripheral nerves, but high serum folate impairs vitamin B-12 status response assessed by the combined indicator of vitamin B-12 status. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:250-7. [PMID: 26607937 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether vitamin B-12 supplementation can improve neurophysiologic function in asymptomatic elderly with low vitamin B-12 status or whether folate status affects responses to vitamin B-12 supplementation. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of a single intramuscular injection of 10 mg vitamin B-12 (which also contained 100 mg vitamin B-6 and 100 mg vitamin B-1) on vitamin B-12 status and neurophysiologic function in elderly community-dwelling Chileans with low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations who were consuming bread fortified with folic acid. DESIGN A pretreatment and posttreatment study was conducted in 51 participants (median ± SD age: 73 ± 3 y; women: 47%) with serum vitamin B-12 concentrations <120 pmol/L at screening. Vitamin B-12 status was defined by combining vitamin B-12, plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and holotranscobalamin into one variable [combined indicator of vitamin B-12 status (cB-12)]. The response to treatment was assessed by measuring cB-12 and neurophysiologic variables at baseline and 4 mo after treatment. RESULTS Treatment increased serum vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin, and cB-12 (P < 0.001) and reduced plasma tHcy and serum MMA (P < 0.001). Treatment produced consistent improvements in conduction in myelinated peripheral nerves; the sensory latency of both the left and right sural nerves improved on the basis of faster median conduction times of 3.1 and 3.0 ms and 3.3 and 3.4 ms, respectively (P < 0.0001). A total of 10 sensory potentials were newly observed in sural nerves after treatment. Participants with high serum folate at baseline (above the median, ≥33.9 nmol/L) had less improvement in cB-12 (P < 0.001) than did individuals whose serum folate was less than the median concentration (i.e., with a concentration <33.9 nmol/L). CONCLUSION Asymptomatic Chilean elderly with poor vitamin B-12 status displayed improved conductivity in myelinated peripheral nerves after vitamin B-12 treatment and an interaction with folate status, which was detected only with the use of cB-12. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN02694183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Brito
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Renato Verdugo
- Department of Neurological Science, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Eva Hertrampf
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA; and
| | - Ralph Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA; and
| | - Sergey N Fedosov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hugo Sanchez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose L Castillo
- Department of Neurological Science, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Jose M Matamala
- Department of Neurological Science, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;
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20
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Schloss J, Colosimo M, Vitetta L. New Insights into Potential Prevention and Management Options for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2016; 3:73-85. [PMID: 27981142 PMCID: PMC5123533 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.170977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurological complications such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and neuropathic pain are frequent side effects of neurotoxic chemotherapy agents. An increasing survival rate and frequent administration of adjuvant chemotherapy treatments involving neurotoxic agents makes it imperative that accurate diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these neurological complications be implemented. METHODS A consideration was undertaken of the current options regarding protective and treatment interventions for patients undergoing chemotherapy with neurotoxic chemotherapy agent or experience with CIPN. Current knowledge on the mechanism of action has also been identified. The following databases PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CNKI, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant article retrieval. RESULTS A range of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and herbal medicine treatments were identified that either showed efficacy or had some evidence of efficacy. Duloxetine was the most effective pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of CIPN. Vitamin E demonstrated potential for the prevention of cisplatin-IPN. Intravenous glutathione for oxaliplatin, Vitamin B6 for both oxaliplatin and cisplatin, and omega 3 fatty acids for paclitaxel have shown protection for CIPN. Acetyl-L-carnitine may provide some relief as a treatment option. Acupuncture may be of benefit for some patients and Gosha-jinki-gan may be of benefit for protection from adverse effects of oxaliplatin induced peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and researchers acknowledge that there are numerous challenges involved in understanding, preventing, and treating peripheral neuropathy caused by chemotherapeutic agents. New insights into mechanisms of action from chemotherapy agents may facilitate the development of novel preventative and treatment options, thereby enabling medical staff to better support patients by reducing this debilitating side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Schloss
- Mater Private Breast Cancer Centre, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Office of Research, Endeavour College of Natural Health, University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maree Colosimo
- Mater Private Breast Cancer Centre, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical Oncology Group of Australia, Clinical Oncology Society of Australia, Queensland Clinical Oncology Group, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luis Vitetta
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Sydney, Australia
- Medlab Clinical, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Veber D, Scalabrino G. Are PrPCs involved in some human myelin diseases? Relating experimental studies to human pathology. J Neurol Sci 2015; 359:396-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Nishimoto S, Tanaka H, Okamoto M, Okada K, Murase T, Yoshikawa H. Methylcobalamin promotes the differentiation of Schwann cells and remyelination in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination of the rat sciatic nerve. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:298. [PMID: 26300733 PMCID: PMC4523890 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are constituents of the peripheral nervous system. The differentiation of SCs in injured peripheral nerves is critical for regeneration after injury. Methylcobalamin (MeCbl) is a vitamin B12 analog that is necessary for the maintenance of the peripheral nervous system. In this study, we estimated the effect of MeCbl on SCs. We showed that MeCbl downregulated the activity of Erk1/2 and promoted the expression of the myelin basic protein in SCs. In a dorsal root ganglion neuron–SC coculture system, myelination was promoted by MeCbl. In a focal demyelination rat model, MeCbl promoted remyelination and motor and sensory functional regeneration. MeCbl promoted the in vitro differentiation of SCs and in vivo myelination in a rat demyelination model and may be a novel therapy for several types of nervous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nishimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita Japan
| | - Michio Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita Japan ; Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Osaka University Hospital, Suita Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita Japan
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23
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Is there an association of vitamin B12 status with neurological function in older people? A systematic review. Br J Nutr 2015. [PMID: 26202329 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin B12 status is common in older people; however, its public health significance in terms of neurological manifestations remains unclear. The present systematic review evaluated the association of vitamin B12 status with neurological function and clinically relevant neurological outcomes in adults aged 50+ years. A systematic search of nine bibliographic databases (up to March 2013) identified twelve published articles describing two longitudinal and ten cross-sectional analyses. The included study populations ranged in size (n 28-2287) and mean/median age (range 65-81 years). Studies reported various neurological outcomes: nerve function; clinically measured signs and symptoms of nerve function; self-reported neurological symptoms. Studies were assessed for risk of bias, and results were synthesised qualitatively. Among the general population groups of older people, one longitudinal study reported no association, and four of seven cross-sectional studies reported limited evidence of an association of vitamin B12 status with some, but not all, neurological outcomes. Among groups with clinical and/or biochemical evidence of low vitamin B12 status, one longitudinal study reported an association of vitamin B12 status with some, but not all, neurological outcomes and three cross-sectional analyses reported no association. Overall, there is limited evidence from observational studies to suggest an association of vitamin B12 status with neurological function in older people. The heterogeneity and quality of the evidence base preclude more definitive conclusions, and further high-quality research is needed to better inform understanding of public health significance in terms of neurological function of vitamin B12 status in older people.
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Abstract
B12 -antimetabolites are compounds that counteract the physiological effects of vitamin B12 and related natural cobalamins. Presented here is a structure- and reactivity-based concept of the specific 'antivitamins B12 ': it refers to analogues of vitamin B12 that display high structural similarity to the vitamin and are 'locked chemically' to prevent their metabolic conversion into the crucial organometallic B12 -cofactors. Application of antivitamins B12 to healthy laboratory animals is, thus, expected to induce symptoms of B12 -deficiency. Antivitamins B12 may, hence, be helpful in elucidating still largely puzzling pathophysiological phenomena associated with B12 -deficiency, and also in recognizing physiological roles of B12 that probably still remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria).
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25
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Inhibition of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current in Medium-Sized DRG Neurons Contributed to the Antiallodynic Effect of Methylcobalamin in the Rat of a Chronic Compression of the DRG. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:197392. [PMID: 26101670 PMCID: PMC4460234 DOI: 10.1155/2015/197392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently several lines of evidence demonstrated that methylcobalamin (MeCbl) might have potential analgesic effect in experimental and clinical studies. However, it was reported that MeCbl had no effect on treating lumbar spinal stenosis induced pain. Thus, the effects of short-term and long-term administration of MeCbl were examined in the chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD) model. We found that mechanical allodynia was significantly inhibited by a continuous application of high dose and a single treatment of a super high dose of MeCbl. Little is known about mechanisms underlying the analgesia of MeCbl. We examined the effect of MeCbl on the spontaneous activity (SA), the excitability, and hyperpolarization-activated nonselective cation ion current in compressed medium-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using extracellular single fiber recording in vivo and whole-cell patch clamp in vitro. We found that MeCbl significantly inhibited the SA of A-type sensory neurons in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the excitability of medium-sized DRG neurons. In addition, MeCbl also decreased Ih current density in injured medium-sized DRG neurons. Our results proved that MeCbl might exert an analgesic effect through the inhibition Ih current and then might inhibit the hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons under neuropathic pain state.
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26
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Romano MR, Biagioni F, Carrizzo A, Lorusso M, Spadaro A, Micelli Ferrari T, Vecchione C, Zurria M, Marrazzo G, Mascio G, Sacchetti B, Madonna M, Fornai F, Nicoletti F, Lograno MD. Effects of vitamin B12 on the corneal nerve regeneration in rats. Exp Eye Res 2014; 120:109-17. [PMID: 24486457 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the effects of a new ophthalmic solution containing 0.05% vitamin B12 0.05% on corneal nerve regeneration in rats after corneal injury. Eyes of anesthetized male Wistar rats were subjected to corneal injury by removing the corneal epithelium with corneal brush (Algerbrush). After the epithelial debridement, the right eye of each animal received the instillation of one drop of the ophthalmic solution containing vitamin B12 0.05% plus taurine 0.5% and sodium hyaluronate 0.5% four time per day for 10 or 30 days. Left eyes were used as control and treated with solution containing taurine 0.5% and sodium hyaluronate 0.5% alone following the same regimen. Fluorescein staining by slit-lamp and morphological analysis was used to determine corneal wound healing. Immunohistochemistry, immunoblot and confocal microscopy were used to examine corneal re-innervation. Slit-lamp and histological analyses showed that re-epithelization of the corneas was accelerated in rats treated with vitamin B12. A clear-cut difference between the two groups of rats was seen after 10 days of treatment, whereas a near-to-complete re-epithelization was observed in both groups at 30 days. Vitamin B12 treatment had also a remarkable effect on corneal re-innervation, as shown by substantial increased in the expression of neurofilament 160 and β-III tubulin at both 10 and 30 days. The presence of SV2A-positive nerve endings suggests the presence of synapse-like specialized structures in corneal epithelium of the eye treated with vitamin B12. Our findings suggest that vitamin B12 treatment represents a powerful strategy to accelerate not only re-epithelization but also corneal re-innervation after mechanical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Romano
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Massimo Lorusso
- Ecclesiastical Authority Regional General Hospital Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, BA, Italy
| | - Angelo Spadaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University "Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Marcello Diego Lograno
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy
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Leon-Ferre RA, Koch B, Rosenstein LJ. A B-wildering case of paraplegia: cobalamin deficiency. Am J Med 2013; 126:1045-7. [PMID: 24083644 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Leon-Ferre
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City.
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Myelin damage due to local quantitative abnormalities in normal prion levels: evidence from subacute combined degeneration and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2013; 261:1451-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Methylcobalamin facilitates collateral sprouting of donor axons and innervation of recipient muscle in end-to-side neurorrhaphy in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76302. [PMID: 24098787 PMCID: PMC3786991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ulnar nerve as donor and musculocutaneous nerve as recipient we found earlier that end-to-side neurorrhaphy resulted in weak functional reinnervation after lengthy survival. End-to-side neurorrhaphy however is the sole choice of nerve repair at times and has the advantage of conserving donor nerve function. Here, we investigated whether myelination-enhancing agent methylcobalamin and motoneuron trophic factor pleiotrophin enhances the recovery after end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Methylcobalamin significantly increased the expression of growth associated protein 43 and S100 protein and βIII tubulin in musculocutaneous nerve 1 month after neurorrhaphy suggesting the ingrowth of ulnar axonal sprouts in reactive Schwann cell environment. Upper limb functional test, compound muscle action potential measurements, motor end plate counts, and axon and myelin analyses showed that methylcobalamin treatment alone or with pleiotrophin improved the recovery significantly, 3 and 6 months post-surgery. There were fewer axons, closer in number to that of the intact recipient nerve, found in the distal repaired nerve of the methylcobalamin-treated than that of the vehicle control, suggesting that methylcobalamin facilitates axonal maturation and eliminates supernumerary sprouts. In conclusion, our results showed that methylcobalamin does indeed enhance the recovery of peripheral nerve repaired in end-to-side configuration.
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Walker DT, Dassanayake RS, Garcia KA, Mukherjee R, Brasch NE. Mechanistic Studies on the Reaction of Nitrocobalamin with Glutathione: Kinetic evidence for formation of an aquacobalamin intermediate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013; 2013:10.1002/ejic.201300254. [PMID: 24415907 PMCID: PMC3885173 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The essential but also toxic gaseous signaling molecule nitric oxide is scavenged by the reduced vitamin B12 complex cob(II)alamin. The resulting complex, nitroxylcobalamin (NO--Cbl(III)), is rapidly oxidized to nitrocobalamin (NO2Cbl) in the presence of oxygen; however it is unlikely that nitrocobalamin is itself stable in biological systems. Kinetic studies on the reaction between NO2Cbl and the important intracellular antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), are reported. In this study, a reaction pathway is proposed in which the β-axial ligand of NO2Cbl is first substituted by water to give aquacobalamin (H2OCbl+), which then reacts further with GSH to form glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl). Independent measurements of the four associated rate constants k1, k-1, k2, and k-2 support the proposed mechanism. These findings provide insight into the fundamental mechanism of ligand substitution reactions of cob(III)alamins with inorganic ligands at the β-axial site.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Rohan S. Dassanayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Kamille A. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Riya Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Nicola E. Brasch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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31
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Ruetz M, Gherasim C, Gruber K, Fedosov S, Banerjee R, Kräutler B. Access to organometallic arylcobaltcorrins through radical synthesis: 4-ethylphenylcobalamin, a potential "antivitamin B(12)". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2606-10. [PMID: 23404623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Locked B(12): 4-Ethylphenylcobalamin, a novel organometallic arylcobalamin, has been synthesized in a radical reaction. This vitamin B(12) antimetabolite features a strong Co-C bond, and represents a "locked" form of vitamin B(12) . It may be used in animal studies to induce functional vitamin B(12) deficiency artificially to help clarify still controversial issues related to the pathophysiology of vitamin B(12) deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ruetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ruetz M, Gherasim C, Gruber K, Fedosov S, Banerjee R, Kräutler B. Zugang zu metallorganischen Arylcobaltcorrinen durch radikalische Synthese: 4-Ethylphenylcobalamin, ein potenzielles “Antivitamin B12”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Spencer PS, Palmer VS. Interrelationships of undernutrition and neurotoxicity: food for thought and research attention. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:605-16. [PMID: 22394483 PMCID: PMC3437940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxic actions of chemical agents on humans and animals are usually studied with little consideration of the subject's nutritional status. States of protein-calorie, vitamin and/or mineral undernutrition are associated with a range of neurodevelopmental, neurological and psychiatric disorders, commonly with involvement of both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Undernutrition can modify risk for certain chemical-induced neurologic diseases, and in some cases undernutrition may be a prerequisite for neurotoxicity to surface. In addition, neurologic disease associated with undernutrition or neurotoxicity may show similarities in clinical and neuropathological expression, especially in the peripheral nervous system. The combined effects of undernutrition and chemical neurotoxicity are most relevant to people with low incomes who experience chronic hunger, parasitism and infectious disease, monotonous diets of plants with neurotoxic potential (notably cassava), environmental pollution from rapid industrial development, chronic alcohol abuse, or prolonged treatment with certain therapeutic drugs. Undernutrition alone or in combination with chemical exposure is also important in high-income societies in the setting of drug and alcohol abuse, old age, food faddism, post-bariatric surgery, and drug treatment for certain medical conditions, including cancer and tuberculosis. The nutritional demands of pregnancy and lactation increase the risk of fetal and infant undernutrition and chemical interactions therewith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Global Health Center, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
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Mukherjee R, Brasch NE. Mechanistic studies on the reaction between cob(II)alamin and peroxynitrite: evidence for a dual role for cob(II)alamin as a scavenger of peroxynitrous acid and nitrogen dioxide. Chemistry 2011; 17:11805-12. [PMID: 21922568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid (ONOO(-)/ONOOH; pK(a(ONOOH)) =6.8) is implicated in multiple chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Both mammalian B(12)-dependent enzymes are inactivated under oxidative stress conditions. We report studies on the kinetics of the reaction between peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid and a major intracellular vitamin B(12) form, cob(II)alamin (Cbl(II)), using stopped-flow spectroscopy. The pH dependence of the reaction is consistent with peroxynitrous acid reacting directly with Cbl(II) to give cob(III)alamin (Cbl(III)) and (.)NO(2) , followed by a subsequent rapid reaction between (.)NO(2) and a second molecule of Cbl(II) to primarily form nitrocobalamin. In support of this mechanism, a Cbl(II)/ONOO(H) stoichiometry of 2:1 is observed at pH 7.35 and 12.0. The final major Cbl(III) product observed (nitrocobalamin or hydroxycobalamin) depends on the solution pH. Analysis of the reaction products in the presence of tyrosine-a well-established (.)NO(2) scavenger-reveals that Cbl(II) reacts with (.)NO(2) at least an order of magnitude faster than tyrosine itself. Given that protein-bound Cbl is accessible to small molecules, it is likely that enzyme-bound and free intracellular Cbl(II) molecules are rapidly oxidized to inactive Cbl(III) upon exposure to peroxynitrite or (.)NO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Mizukami H, Ogasawara S, Yamagishi SI, Takahashi K, Yagihashi S. Methylcobalamin effects on diabetic neuropathy and nerve protein kinase C in rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:442-50. [PMID: 21128935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyl-base-attached cobalamin (Methycobalamin) (MC) has a special affinity for nerve tissues to promote myelination and transport of axonal cytoskeleton. It is not known, however, how MC influences on peripheral nerve in experimental diabetic neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the effects of MC on expressions and activities of protein kinase C (PKC) in peripheral nerve of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Wistar rats, 8 weeks of age, were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin (40 mg kg(-1), iv) and followed for 16 weeks. A half of diabetic animals were treated with MC (10 mg kg(-1) per every other day, im) after the induction of diabetes. Normal Wistar rats were served as control. RESULTS At the end, untreated diabetic animals developed significant delay of nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and MC treatment normalized the NCV. Nerve PKC activity was significantly suppressed in untreated diabetic rats, while the activity was normalized in treated animals. While PKCα located in Schwann cells, PKCβΙα and βII distributed in axoplasm, vascular walls and macrophages. The decreased PKC activity in diabetic nerve was associated with reduced expression of membrane PKCα and increased membrane expression of PKCβII, and MC treatment corrected these changes. Diabetic nerve contained an increased number of macrophages and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine-positive cells in the endoneurium, the latter of which was significantly suppressed by MC treatment. Elevated nerve polyol levels in diabetic nerve were partially corrected by MC treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that correction of impaired neural signalling of PKC and oxidative stress-induced damage may be a major attribute to the beneficial effects of MC on diabetic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Mortimore M, Florin THJ. A role for B₁₂ in inflammatory bowel disease patients with suppurative dermatoses? An experience with high dose vitamin B₁₂ therapy. J Crohns Colitis 2010; 4:466-70. [PMID: 21122544 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory dermatoses in conjunction with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprise a diverse range of disorders. Some but not all of these respond to conventional treatments for the underlying IBD, such as immunomodulating or antibiotic treatments. We describe our experience with high dose vitamin B₁₂, where conventional therapies have failed. CASE REPORTS The first case had pouchitis complicated by perianal abscesses and a recto-vaginal fistula. The second case had biopsy proven hidradenitis suppurativa affecting the perianal, inguinal and pubic skin. High dose vitamin B₁₂ appeared to be the major factor in preventing the recurrence of suppuration in both patients. Neither patient had vitamin B₁₂ deficiency. Open label experience: high dose vitamin B₁₂ treatment of a further 10 consecutive IBD patients with dermatoses was thought to provide benefit to six of them, but did not appear useful in four patients with perianal Crohn's disease with fistulae as the only manifestation of cutaneous disease. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a subset of IBD patients with perianal and more distant inflammatory dermatoses, who benefit from high dose vitamin B₁₂ treatment. Clinical trials in IBD patients with biopsy-characterised suppurative dermatoses will be required in order to properly define the role of this safe and economical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Mortimore
- Department of Medicine, Mater Health Services, Adult Hospital, Australia.
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38
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Ahmed A, Kothari MJ. Recovery of neurologic dysfunction with early intervention of vitamin B12. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2010; 11:198-202. [PMID: 20516808 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0b013e3181b5e136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A patient developed numbness and tingling in distal extremities with subsequent weakness. Evaluation revealed B12 deficiency. She had evidence of myelopathy on imaging studies and polyneuropathy on electrodiagnostic testing. Treatment with B12 caused remittance of symptoms and resolution/improvement of abnormalities found on the imaging and electrodiagnostic studies. This case demonstrates that early intervention with B12 supplementation can cause reversal of both central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiesha Ahmed
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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39
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Okada K, Tanaka H, Temporin K, Okamoto M, Kuroda Y, Moritomo H, Murase T, Yoshikawa H. Methylcobalamin increases Erk1/2 and Akt activities through the methylation cycle and promotes nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Exp Neurol 2010; 222:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
There is a growing awareness that natural vitamins (with the only exception of pantothenic acid) positively or negatively modulate the synthesis of some cytokines and growth factors in the CNS, and various mammalian cells and organs. As natural vitamins are micronutrients in the human diet, studying their effects can be considered a part of nutritional genomics or nutrigenomics. A given vitamin selectively modifies the synthesis of only a few cytokines and/or growth factors, although the same cytokine and/or growth factor may be regulated by more than one vitamin. These effects seem to be independent of the effects of vitamins as coenzymes and/or reducing agents, and seem to occur mainly at genomic and/or epigenetic level, and/or by modulating NF-kappaB activity. Although most of the studies reviewed here have been based on cultured cell lines, but their findings have been confirmed by some key in vivo studies. The CNS seems to be particularly involved and is severely affected by most avitaminoses, especially in the case of vitamin B(12). However, the vitamin-induced changes in cytokine and growth factor synthesis may initiate a cascade of events that can affect the function, differentiation, and morphology of the cells and/or structures not only in the CNS, but also elsewhere because most natural vitamins, cytokines, and growth factors cross the blood-brain barrier. As cytokines are essential to CNS-immune and CNS-hormone system communications, natural vitamins also interact with these circuits. Further studies of such vitamin-mediated effects could lead to vitamins being used for the treatment of diseases which, although not true avitaminoses, involve an imbalance in cytokine and/or growth factor synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, 'Città Studi' Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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41
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Scalabrino G. The multi-faceted basis of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) neurotrophism in adult central nervous system: Lessons learned from its deficiency. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 88:203-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Sánchez-Fayos Calabuig P, Martín Relloso MJ, Porres Cubero JC. La mucosa gástrica como estructura diana de agresiones proinflamatorias persistentes: modelos patogénicos de gastritis crónica. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2009; 32:294-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Carences en cobalamine : aspects neurologiques chez 27 patients. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2009; 165:263-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Syndrome de non-dissociation de la vitamine B12 de ses proteines porteuses ou de maldigestion des cobalamines alimentaires. Presse Med 2009; 38:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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45
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Scalabrino G, Veber D, Mutti E. Experimental and clinical evidence of the role of cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of acquired cobalamin-deficient leukoneuropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 59:42-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Dror DK, Allen LH. Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2008; 66:250-5. [PMID: 18454811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe vitamin B(12) deficiency produces a cluster of neurological symptoms in infants, including irritability, failure to thrive, apathy, anorexia, and developmental regression, which respond remarkably rapidly to supplementation. The underlying mechanisms may involve delayed myelination or demyelination of nerves; alteration in the S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio; imbalance of neurotrophic and neurotoxic cytokines; and/or accumulation of lactate in brain cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning infantile vitamin B(12) deficiency, including a pooled analysis of case studies of infants born to mothers with untreated pernicious anemia or a strict vegetarian lifestyle and a discussion of the mechanisms that may underlie the manifestations of deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna K Dror
- Department of Nutrition at the University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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Veber D, Mutti E, Tacchini L, Gammella E, Tredici G, Scalabrino G. Indirect down-regulation of nuclear NF-κB levels by cobalamin in the spinal cord and liver of the rat. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:1380-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Lalonde R, Barraud H, Ravey J, Guéant JL, Bronowicki JP, Strazielle C. Effects of a B-vitamin-deficient diet on exploratory activity, motor coordination, and spatial learning in young adult Balb/c mice. Brain Res 2008; 1188:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ebara S, Nakao M, Tomoda M, Yamaji R, Watanabe F, Inui H, Nakano Y. Vitamin B12 deficiency results in the abnormal regulation of serine dehydratase and tyrosine aminotransferase activities correlated with impairment of the adenylyl cyclase system in rat liver. Br J Nutr 2007; 99:503-10. [PMID: 17761010 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507812025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of the vitamin B(12) deficiency-induced changes of the serine dehydratase (SDH) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activities in the rat liver. When rats were maintained on a vitamin B(12)-deficient diet, the activities of these two enzymes in the liver were significantly reduced compared with those in the B12-sufficient control rats (SDH 2.8 (sd 0.56) v. 17.5 (sd 6.22) nmol/mg protein per min (n 5); P < 0.05) (TAT 25.2 (sd 5.22) v. 41.3 (sd 8.11) nmol/mg protein per min (n 5); P < 0.05). In the B(12)-deficient rats, the level of SDH induction in response to the administration of glucagon and dexamethasone was significantly lower than in the B(12)-sufficient controls. Dexamethasone induced a significant increase in TAT activity in the primary culture of the hepatocytes prepared from the deficient rats, as well as in the cells from the control rats. However, a further increase in TAT activity was not observed in the hepatocytes from the deficient rats, in contrast to the cells from the controls, when glucagon was added simultaneously with dexamethasone. The glucagon-stimulated production of cAMP was significantly reduced in the hepatocytes from the deficient rats relative to the cells from the control rats. Furthermore, the glucagon-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in the liver was significantly lower in the deficient rats than in the controls. These results suggest that vitamin B(12) deficiency results in decreases in SDH and TAT activities correlated with the impairment of the glucagon signal transduction through the activation of the adenylyl cyclase system in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ebara
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
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50
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Kalra S, Ahuja R, Mutti E, Veber D, Seetharam S, Scalabrino G, Seetharam B. Cobalamin-mediated regulation of transcobalamin receptor levels in rat organs. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 463:128-32. [PMID: 17442257 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Total gastrectomy (TG) causes cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency followed by increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels in the spinal cord (SC) of the rat. In order to understand how Cbl deficiency may influence cell Cbl transport, we have measured by immunoblotting protein levels of the receptor for the Cbl-transcobalamin (TC) complex (TC-R) in both animal and cell models. TC-R protein levels were elevated in the total membranes of duodenal mucosa, kidneys, liver, and SC of rats made Cbl-deficient (Cbl-D) by means of TG or feeding with a Cbl-D diet. Postoperative Cbl-replacement treatment normalized the TC-R protein levels in each of the tested organs, regardless of whether this treatment was given during the first two post-TG or during the third and fourth post-TG mo. In Caco-2 cells, progressively increasing TNF-alpha concentrations supplemented to culture medium induced an up-regulation of TC-R protein levels. We provide the first evidence of the regulation of a Cbl-specific receptor by the vitamin itself in some rat organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Kalra
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, 53295 WI, USA
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