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He W, Zhu H, Zhang S, Shu G, Lei H, Wang M, Yin G, Ni X, Wu Q. Epigenetic editing of BRCA1 promoter increases cisplatin and olaparib sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2357518. [PMID: 38796857 PMCID: PMC11135871 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2357518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the primary contributor to the high mortality rate of ovarian cancer (OC). The loss of BRCA1/2 function is linked to drug sensitivity in OC cells. The aim of this study is to enhance the drug sensitivity of OC cells by inducing BRCA1 dysfunction through promoter epigenetic editing. Epigenetic regulatory regions within the BRCA1 promoter, affecting gene expression, were initially discerned through analysis of clinical samples. Subsequently, we designed and rigorously validated epigenetic editing tools. Ultimately, we evaluated the cisplatin and olaparib sensitivity of the OC cells after editing. The BRCA1 promoter contains two CpG-rich regions, with methylation of the region covering the transcription start site (TSS) strongly correlating with transcription and influencing OC development, prognosis, and homologous recombination (HR) defects. Targeting this region in OC cells using our designed epigenetic editing tools led to substantial and persistent DNA methylation changes, accompanied by significant reductions in H3K27ac histone modifications. This resulted in a notable suppression of BRCA1 expression and a decrease in HR repair capacity. Consequently, edited OC cells exhibited heightened sensitivity to cisplatin and olaparib, leading to increased apoptosis rates. Epigenetic inactivation of the BRCA1 promoter can enhance cisplatin and olaparib sensitivity of OC cells through a reduction in HR repair capacity, indicating the potential utility of epigenetic editing technology in sensitization therapy for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong He
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maonan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Ni
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihan Wu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
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Janitri V, ArulJothi KN, Ravi Mythili VM, Singh SK, Prasher P, Gupta G, Dua K, Hanumanthappa R, Karthikeyan K, Anand K. The roles of patient-derived xenograft models and artificial intelligence toward precision medicine. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e745. [PMID: 39329017 PMCID: PMC11424683 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) involve transplanting patient cells or tissues into immunodeficient mice, offering superior disease models compared with cell line xenografts and genetically engineered mice. In contrast to traditional cell-line xenografts and genetically engineered mice, PDX models harbor the molecular and biologic features from the original patient tumor and are generationally stable. This high fidelity makes PDX models particularly suitable for preclinical and coclinical drug testing, therefore better predicting therapeutic efficacy. Although PDX models are becoming more useful, the several factors influencing their reliability and predictive power are not well understood. Several existing studies have looked into the possibility that PDX models could be important in enhancing our knowledge with regard to tumor genetics, biomarker discovery, and personalized medicine; however, a number of problems still need to be addressed, such as the high cost and time-consuming processes involved, together with the variability in tumor take rates. This review addresses these gaps by detailing the methodologies to generate PDX models, their application in cancer research, and their advantages over other models. Further, it elaborates on how artificial intelligence and machine learning were incorporated into PDX studies to fast-track therapeutic evaluation. This review is an overview of the progress that has been done so far in using PDX models for cancer research and shows their potential to be further improved in improving our understanding of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan ArulJothi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChengalpattuTamil NaduIndia
| | - Vijay Murali Ravi Mythili
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChengalpattuTamil NaduIndia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy AcresDehradunIndia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of PharmacyChitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjabIndia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative, MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
| | - Rakshith Hanumanthappa
- JSS Banashankari Arts, Commerce, and SK Gubbi Science CollegeKarnatak UniversityDharwadKarnatakaIndia
| | - Karthikeyan Karthikeyan
- Centre of Excellence in PCB Design and Analysis, Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringM. Kumarasamy College of EngineeringKarurTamil NaduIndia
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
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Xu H, Gitto SB, Ho GY, Medvedev S, Shield-Artin K, Kim H, Beard S, Kinose Y, Wang X, Barker HE, Ratnayake G, Hwang WT, Hansen RJ, Strouse B, Milutinovic S, Hassig C, Wakefield MJ, Vandenberg CJ, Scott CL, Simpkins F. CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 is active in PARP inhibitor resistant and CCNE1 amplified ovarian cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109978. [PMID: 39021796 PMCID: PMC11253285 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) are initially responsive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), but resistance ultimately emerges. HGSOC with CCNE1 amplification (CCNE1 amp) are associated with resistance to PARPi and platinum treatments. High replication stress in HRD and CCNE1 amp HGSOC leads to increased reliance on checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), a key regulator of cell cycle progression and the replication stress response. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of the potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i), SRA737, in both acquired PARPi-resistant BRCA1/2 mutant and CCNE1 amp HGSOC models. We demonstrated that SRA737 increased replication stress and induced subsequent cell death in vitro. SRA737 monotherapy in vivo prolonged survival in CCNE1 amp models, suggesting a potential biomarker for CHK1i therapy. Combination SRA737 and PARPi therapy increased tumor regression in both PARPi-resistant and CCNE1 amp patient-derived xenograft models, warranting further study in these HGSOC subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haineng Xu
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah B. Gitto
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gwo-Yaw Ho
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sergey Medvedev
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristy Shield-Artin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hyoung Kim
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sally Beard
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yasuto Kinose
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Holly E. Barker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Australian Ovarian Cancer Study
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Hansen
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Bryan Strouse
- Sierra Oncology, Inc, 885 West Georgia Street, Suite 2150, Vancouver, BC V6C 3E8, Canada
| | - Snezana Milutinovic
- Sierra Oncology, Inc, 885 West Georgia Street, Suite 2150, Vancouver, BC V6C 3E8, Canada
| | - Christian Hassig
- Sierra Oncology, Inc, 885 West Georgia Street, Suite 2150, Vancouver, BC V6C 3E8, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cassandra J. Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Nishie R, Tanaka T, Hirosuna K, Miyamoto S, Murakami H, Tsuchihashi H, Toji A, Ueda S, Morita N, Hashida S, Daimon A, Terada S, Maruoka H, Konishi H, Kogata Y, Taniguchi K, Komura K, Ohmichi M. Creation and Validation of Patient-Derived Cancer Model Using Peritoneal and Pleural Effusion in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer: An Early Experience. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2718. [PMID: 38731247 PMCID: PMC11084603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The application of personalized cancer treatment based on genetic information and surgical samples has begun in the field of cancer medicine. However, a biopsy may be painful for patients with advanced diseases that do not qualify for surgical resection. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are cancer models in which patient samples are transplanted into immunodeficient mice. PDXs are expected to be useful for personalized medicine. The aim of this study was to establish a PDX from body fluid (PDX-BF), such as peritoneal and pleural effusion samples, to provide personalized medicine without surgery. Methods: PDXs-BF were created from patients with ovarian cancer who had positive cytology findings based on peritoneal and pleural effusion samples. PDXs were also prepared from each primary tumor. The pathological findings based on immunohistochemistry were compared between the primary tumor, PDX, and PDX-BF. Further, genomic profiles and gene expression were evaluated using DNA and RNA sequencing to compare primary tumors, PDXs, and PDX-BF. Results: Among the 15 patients, PDX-BF was established for 8 patients (5 high-grade serous carcinoma, 1 carcinosarcoma, 1 low-grade serous carcinoma, and 1 clear cell carcinoma); the success rate was 53%. Histologically, PDXs-BF have features similar to those of primary tumors and PDXs. In particular, PDXs-BF had similar gene mutations and expression patterns to primary tumors and PDXs. Conclusions: PDX-BF reproduced primary tumors in terms of pathological features and genomic profiles, including gene mutation and expression. Thus, PDX-BF may be a potential alternative to surgical resection for patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Nishie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomohito Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Division of Translational Research, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kensuke Hirosuna
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Okayama, Japan;
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Division of Translational Research, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Hikaru Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Hiromitsu Tsuchihashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Akihiko Toji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Shoko Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Natsuko Morita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Sousuke Hashida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Atsushi Daimon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Shinichi Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Maruoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Hiromi Konishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Yuhei Kogata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Division of Translational Research, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Division of Translational Research, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (S.M.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (A.D.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.O.)
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Kośnik W, Sikorska H, Kiciak A, Ciach T. Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Epirubicin Efficacy in the Inhibition of Growth of Orthotopic Ovarian Patient-Derived Xenograft in Immunocompromised Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:645. [PMID: 38203818 PMCID: PMC10779551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI) is an anticancer drug widely used in the treatment of many solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. Because of its anatomical location, ovarian cancer shows symptoms when it is already in an advanced stage and is thus more difficult to treat. Epirubicin hydrochloride kills cancer cells effectively, but its dose escalation is limited by its severe toxicity. By encapsulating epirubicin in dextran-based nanoparticles (POLEPI), we expected to deliver higher and thus clinically more effective doses directly to tumors, where epirubicin would be released and retained longer in the tumor. The antitumor activity of POLEPI compared to EPI was first tested ex vivo in a series of ovarian cancer patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX). The most promising PDX was then implanted orthotopically into immunocompromised mice, and tumor growth was monitored via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although we succeeded in suppressing the growth of ovarian cancer derived from a patient, in a mouse model by 70% compared to 40% via EPI in 5 days after only one injection, we could not eliminate serious side effects, and the study was terminated prematurely for humane reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Kiciak
- NanoGroup S.A., Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- NanoVelos S.A., Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- NanoGroup S.A., Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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Tran TM, Ho GY, Chu S. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Ovarian Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:187-196. [PMID: 38676803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models play a crucial role for in vivo research. They maintain the original molecular characteristics of the human tumor and provide a more accurate tumor microenvironment, which cannot be replicated by in vitro models. This chapter describes four different transplantation methods, namely, intra-bursal, intrarenal capsule, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous, to develop PDX models for ovarian cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Minh Tran
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gwo Yaw Ho
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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7
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Ho GY, Vandenberg CJ, Lim R, Christie EL, Garsed DW, Lieschke E, Nesic K, Kondrashova O, Ratnayake G, Radke M, Penington JS, Carmagnac A, Heong V, Kyran EL, Zhang F, Traficante N, Huang R, Dobrovic A, Swisher EM, McNally O, Kee D, Wakefield MJ, Papenfuss AT, Bowtell DDL, Barker HE, Scott CL. The microtubule inhibitor eribulin demonstrates efficacy in platinum-resistant and refractory high-grade serous ovarian cancer patient-derived xenograft models. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231208674. [PMID: 38028140 PMCID: PMC10666702 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231208674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite initial response to platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibitor therapy (PARPi), nearly all recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) will acquire lethal drug resistance; indeed, ~15% of individuals have de novo platinum-refractory disease. Objectives To determine the potential of anti-microtubule agent (AMA) therapy (paclitaxel, vinorelbine and eribulin) in platinum-resistant or refractory (PRR) HGSC by assessing response in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of HGSC. Design and methods Of 13 PRR HGSC PDX, six were primary PRR, derived from chemotherapy-naïve samples (one was BRCA2 mutant) and seven were from samples obtained following chemotherapy treatment in the clinic (five were mutant for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2), four with prior PARPi exposure), recapitulating the population of individuals with aggressive treatment-resistant HGSC in the clinic. Molecular analyses and in vivo treatment studies were undertaken. Results Seven out of thirteen PRR PDX (54%) were sensitive to treatment with the AMA, eribulin (time to progressive disease (PD) ⩾100 days from the start of treatment) and 11 out of 13 PDX (85%) derived significant benefit from eribulin [time to harvest (TTH) for each PDX with p < 0.002]. In 5 out of 10 platinum-refractory HGSC PDX (50%) and one out of three platinum-resistant PDX (33%), eribulin was more efficacious than was cisplatin, with longer time to PD and significantly extended TTH (each PDX p < 0.02). Furthermore, four of these models were extremely sensitive to all three AMA tested, maintaining response until the end of the experiment (120d post-treatment start). Despite harbouring secondary BRCA2 mutations, two BRCA2-mutant PDX models derived from heavily pre-treated individuals were sensitive to AMA. PRR HGSC PDX models showing greater sensitivity to AMA had high proliferative indices and oncogene expression. Two PDX models, both with prior chemotherapy and/or PARPi exposure, were refractory to all AMA, one of which harboured the SLC25A40-ABCB1 fusion, known to upregulate drug efflux via MDR1. Conclusion The efficacy observed for eribulin in PRR HGSC PDX was similar to that observed for paclitaxel, which transformed ovarian cancer clinical practice. Eribulin is therefore worthy of further consideration in clinical trials, particularly in ovarian carcinoma with early failure of carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo Yaw Ho
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Cassandra J. Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale W. Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ksenija Nesic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Marc Radke
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jocelyn S. Penington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amandine Carmagnac
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Valerie Heong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Kyran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Orla McNally
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien Kee
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony T. Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David D. L. Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly E. Barker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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8
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Oda Y, Niimi K, Yoshida K, Tamauchi S, Yokoi A, Yasui Y, Nishiko Y, Shibata M, Shimizu Y, Yoshihara M, Ikeda Y, Yoshikawa N, Nishino K, Yamamoto E, Kajiyama H. Establishment and characterization of a non-gestational choriocarcinoma patient-derived xenograft model. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1103. [PMID: 37957624 PMCID: PMC10642054 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-gestational choriocarcinoma (NGC) is a rare subtype of malignant germ cell tumour and there is no consensus on its treatment. The lack of suitable preclinical models for NGC is a challenge in drug discovery research. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models recapitulate the tumour microenvironment of the original cancer tissue. Therefore, they have received considerable attention for studies on rare cancer. Here, we aimed to establish a PDX model from a patient with recurrent NGC. METHODS Fresh NGC tumour tissue was immediately transplanted into a severely immune-deficient mouse (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid1l2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) and maintained for more than three in vivo passages. Subsequently, we evaluated the molecular characteristics of the PDX model using immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and RNA sequencing. Moreover, the PDX tumours were transplanted into BALB/c nude mice, and we evaluated their sensitivity for cisplatin and methotrexate. RESULTS The PDX tumour maintained the morphological features of NGC. Moreover, Immunohistochemistry revealed that the human chorionic gonadotropin, cytokeratin 7, and EpCAM expression levels were similar to those in the primary tumour. Furthermore, serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels were elevated in both the primary tumour and the PDX models. Additionally, using PCR analysis with species-specific primers, we confirmed that the PDX tumour contained human genes and was derived from human tissue. Moreover, the gene expression profile of the NGC was compared with that of epithelial ovarian cancer samples and cell lines, and 568 dysregulated genes in the NGC were extracted. The expression of the dysregulated genes in PDX was significantly correlated with that in the primary tumour (R2 = 0.873, P < 0.001). Finally, we demonstrated that the PDX tumour was sensitive to cisplatin and methotrexate; therefore, its clinical response to the agents was similar to that of the primary tumour. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established a PDX model of NGC, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. The established PDX retained the molecular and transcriptome characteristics of the primary tumour and can be used to predict drug effects. It may facilitate further research and the development of novel therapeutic agents for NGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Tsuruma-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishiko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mayu Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma- cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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9
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Yao TH, Wu Z, Bharath K, Li J, Baladandayuthapani V. PROBABILISTIC LEARNING OF TREATMENT TREES IN CANCER. Ann Appl Stat 2023; 17:1884-1908. [PMID: 37711665 PMCID: PMC10501503 DOI: 10.1214/22-aoas1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of synergistic treatment combinations and their underlying biological mechanisms is critical across many disease domains, especially cancer. In translational oncology research, preclinical systems such as patient-derived xenografts (PDX) have emerged as a unique study design evaluating multiple treatments administered to samples from the same human tumor implanted into genetically identical mice. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian probabilistic tree-based framework for PDX data to investigate the hierarchical relationships between treatments by inferring treatment cluster trees, referred to as treatment trees (Rx-tree). The framework motivates a new metric of mechanistic similarity between two or more treatments accounting for inherent uncertainty in tree estimation; treatments with a high estimated similarity have potentially high mechanistic synergy. Building upon Dirichlet Diffusion Trees, we derive a closed-form marginal likelihood encoding the tree structure, which facilitates computationally efficient posterior inference via a new two-stage algorithm. Simulation studies demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in recovering the tree structure and treatment similarities. Our analyses of a recently collated PDX dataset produce treatment similarity estimates that show a high degree of concordance with known biological mechanisms across treatments in five different cancers. More importantly, we uncover new and potentially effective combination therapies that confer synergistic regulation of specific downstream biological pathways for future clinical investigations. Our accompanying code, data, and shiny application for visualization of results are available at: https://github.com/bayesrx/RxTree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hung Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
| | - Zhenke Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
| | | | - Jinju Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
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10
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Nesic K, Krais JJ, Vandenberg CJ, Wang Y, Patel P, Cai KQ, Kwan T, Lieschke E, Ho GY, Barker HE, Bedo J, Casadei S, Farrell A, Radke M, Shield-Artin K, Penington JS, Geissler F, Kyran E, Zhang F, Dobrovic A, Olesen I, Kristeleit R, Oza A, Ratnayake G, Traficante N, DeFazio A, Bowtell DDL, Harding TC, Lin K, Swisher EM, Kondrashova O, Scott CL, Johnson N, Wakefield MJ. BRCA1 secondary splice-site mutations drive exon-skipping and PARP inhibitor resistance. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.20.23287465. [PMID: 36993400 PMCID: PMC10055590 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.23287465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1 splice isoforms Δ11 and Δ11q can contribute to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance by splicing-out the mutation-containing exon, producing truncated, partially-functional proteins. However, the clinical impact and underlying drivers of BRCA1 exon skipping remain undetermined. We analyzed nine ovarian and breast cancer patient derived xenografts (PDX) with BRCA1 exon 11 frameshift mutations for exon skipping and therapy response, including a matched PDX pair derived from a patient pre- and post-chemotherapy/PARPi. BRCA1 exon 11 skipping was elevated in PARPi resistant PDX tumors. Two independent PDX models acquired secondary BRCA1 splice site mutations (SSMs), predicted in silico to drive exon skipping. Predictions were confirmed using qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, western blots and BRCA1 minigene modelling. SSMs were also enriched in post-PARPi ovarian cancer patient cohorts from the ARIEL2 and ARIEL4 clinical trials. We demonstrate that SSMs drive BRCA1 exon 11 skipping and PARPi resistance, and should be clinically monitored, along with frame-restoring secondary mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Nesic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Cassandra J. Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Tanya Kwan
- Clovis Oncology Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gwo-Yaw Ho
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly E. Barker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Bedo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Farrell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Radke
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristy Shield-Artin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jocelyn S. Penington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Franziska Geissler
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kyran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fan Zhang
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Inger Olesen
- The Andrew Love Cancer Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kristeleit
- Department of Oncology, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Clinical Research Facility, London, UK
| | - Amit Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nadia Traficante
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Anna DeFazio
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David D. L. Bowtell
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Lin
- Clovis Oncology Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Olga Kondrashova
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Matthew J. Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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11
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Zeng M, Ruan Z, Tang J, Liu M, Hu C, Fan P, Dai X. Generation, evolution, interfering factors, applications, and challenges of patient-derived xenograft models in immunodeficient mice. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 37344821 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing appropriate preclinical models is essential for cancer research. Evidence suggests that cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. This follows the growing use of cancer models in cancer research to avoid these differences between xenograft tumor models and patient tumors. In recent years, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model has been actively generated and applied, which preserves both cell-cell interactions and the microenvironment of tumors by directly transplanting cancer tissue from tumors into immunodeficient mice. In addition to this, the advent of alternative hosts, such as zebrafish hosts, or in vitro models (organoids and microfluidics), has also facilitated the advancement of cancer research. However, they still have a long way to go before they become reliable models. The development of immunodeficient mice has enabled PDX to become more mature and radiate new vitality. As one of the most reliable and standard preclinical models, the PDX model in immunodeficient mice (PDX-IM) exerts important effects in drug screening, biomarker development, personalized medicine, co-clinical trials, and immunotherapy. Here, we focus on the development procedures and application of PDX-IM in detail, summarize the implications that the evolution of immunodeficient mice has brought to PDX-IM, and cover the key issues in developing PDX-IM in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zijing Ruan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaxi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maozhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengji Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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12
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Al-Hamaly MA, Turner LT, Rivera-Martinez A, Rodriguez A, Blackburn JS. Zebrafish Cancer Avatars: A Translational Platform for Analyzing Tumor Heterogeneity and Predicting Patient Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2288. [PMID: 36768609 PMCID: PMC9916713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of available anti-cancer drugs presents a challenge for oncologists, who must choose the most effective treatment for the patient. Precision cancer medicine relies on matching a drug with a tumor's molecular profile to optimize the therapeutic benefit. However, current precision medicine approaches do not fully account for intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Different mutation profiles and cell behaviors within a single heterogeneous tumor can significantly impact therapy response and patient outcomes. Patient-derived avatar models recapitulate a patient's tumor in an animal or dish and provide the means to functionally assess heterogeneity's impact on drug response. Mouse xenograft and organoid avatars are well-established, but the time required to generate these models is not practical for clinical decision-making. Zebrafish are emerging as a time-efficient and cost-effective cancer avatar model. In this review, we highlight recent developments in zebrafish cancer avatar models and discuss the unique features of zebrafish that make them ideal for the interrogation of cancer heterogeneity and as part of precision cancer medicine pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd A. Al-Hamaly
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Logan T. Turner
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | | | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jessica S. Blackburn
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
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13
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Ho GY, Kyran EL, Bedo J, Wakefield MJ, Ennis DP, Mirza HB, Vandenberg CJ, Lieschke E, Farrell A, Hadla A, Lim R, Dall G, Vince JE, Chua NK, Kondrashova O, Upstill-Goddard R, Bailey UM, Dowson S, Roxburgh P, Glasspool RM, Bryson G, Biankin AV, Cooke SL, Ratnayake G, McNally O, Traficante N, DeFazio A, Weroha SJ, Bowtell DD, McNeish IA, Papenfuss AT, Scott CL, Barker HE. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Supports Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Confers Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting with Eribulin. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4457-4473. [PMID: 36206301 PMCID: PMC9716257 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an aggressive and rare tumor type with limited treatment options. OCS is hypothesized to develop via the combination theory, with a single progenitor resulting in carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, or alternatively via the conversion theory, with the sarcomatous component developing from the carcinomatous component through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we analyzed DNA variants from isolated carcinoma and sarcoma components to show that OCS from 18 women is monoclonal. RNA sequencing indicated that the carcinoma components were more mesenchymal when compared with pure epithelial ovarian carcinomas, supporting the conversion theory and suggesting that EMT is important in the formation of these tumors. Preclinical OCS models were used to test the efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs, including eribulin, which has previously been shown to reverse EMT characteristics in breast cancers and induce differentiation in sarcomas. Vinorelbine and eribulin more effectively inhibited OCS growth than standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, and treatment with eribulin reduced mesenchymal characteristics and N-MYC expression in OCS patient-derived xenografts. Eribulin treatment resulted in an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in OCS cells, which triggered a downregulation of the mevalonate pathway and prevented further cholesterol biosynthesis. Finally, eribulin increased expression of genes related to immune activation and increased the intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells, supporting exploration of immunotherapy combinations in the clinic. Together, these data indicate that EMT plays a key role in OCS tumorigenesis and support the conversion theory for OCS histogenesis. Targeting EMT using eribulin could help improve OCS patient outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE Genomic analyses and preclinical models of ovarian carcinosarcoma support the conversion theory for disease development and indicate that microtubule inhibitors could be used to suppress EMT and stimulate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo Yaw Ho
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Kyran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Bedo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren P. Ennis
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan B. Mirza
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra J. Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Farrell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Hadla
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Genevieve Dall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E. Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ngee Kiat Chua
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosanna Upstill-Goddard
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla-Maja Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Dowson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Roxburgh
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M. Glasspool
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Bryson
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susanna L. Cooke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Orla McNally
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anna DeFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. John Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David D. Bowtell
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain A. McNeish
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony T. Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly E. Barker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Qin T, Fan J, Lu F, Zhang L, Liu C, Xiong Q, Zhao Y, Chen G, Sun C. Harnessing preclinical models for the interrogation of ovarian cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:277. [PMID: 36114548 PMCID: PMC9479310 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with various etiology, histopathology, and biological feature. Despite accumulating understanding of OC in the post-genomic era, the preclinical knowledge still undergoes limited translation from bench to beside, and the prognosis of ovarian cancer has remained dismal over the past 30 years. Henceforth, reliable preclinical model systems are warranted to bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the status quo of ovarian cancer preclinical models which includes conventional cell line models, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), patient-derived organoids (PDOs), patient-derived explants (PDEs), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Each model has its own strengths and drawbacks. We focus on the potentials and challenges of using these valuable tools, either alone or in combination, to interrogate critical issues with OC.
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15
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Preclinical models of epithelial ovarian cancer: practical considerations and challenges for a meaningful application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:364. [PMID: 35705879 PMCID: PMC9200670 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite many improvements in ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment, until now, conventional chemotherapy and new biological drugs have not been shown to cure the disease, and the overall prognosis remains poor. Over 90% of ovarian malignancies are categorized as epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), a collection of different types of neoplasms with distinctive disease biology, response to chemotherapy, and outcome. Advances in our understanding of the histopathology and molecular features of EOC subtypes, as well as the cellular origins of these cancers, have given a boost to the development of clinically relevant experimental models. The overall goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the available preclinical investigational approaches aimed at better characterizing disease development and progression and at identifying new therapeutic strategies. Systems discussed comprise monolayer (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of established and primary cancer cell lines, organoids and patient-derived explants, animal models, including carcinogen-induced, syngeneic, genetically engineered mouse, xenografts, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), humanized PDX, and the zebrafish and the laying hen models. Recent advances in tumour-on-a-chip platforms are also detailed. The critical analysis of strengths and weaknesses of each experimental model will aid in identifying opportunities to optimize their translational value.
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16
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Villafranca-Magdalena B, Masferrer-Ferragutcasas C, Lopez-Gil C, Coll-de la Rubia E, Rebull M, Parra G, García Á, Reques A, Cabrera S, Colas E, Gil-Moreno A, Moiola CP. Genomic Validation of Endometrial Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models as a Preclinical Tool. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116266. [PMID: 35682944 PMCID: PMC9181722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most frequent gynecological cancer worldwide. Although improvements in EC classification have enabled an accurate establishment of disease prognosis, women with a high-risk or recurrent EC face a dramatic situation due to limited further treatment options. Therefore, new strategies that closely mimic the disease are required to maximize drug development success. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are widely recognized as a physiologically relevant preclinical model. Hence, we propose to molecularly and histologically validate EC PDX models. To reveal the molecular landscape of PDXs generated from 13 EC patients, we performed histological characterization and whole-exome sequencing analysis of tumor samples. We assessed the similarity between PDXs and their corresponding patient's tumor and, additionally, to an extended cohort of EC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Finally, we performed functional enrichment analysis to reveal differences in molecular pathway activation in PDX models. We demonstrated that the PDX models had a well-defined and differentiated molecular profile that matched the genomic profile described by the TCGA for each EC subtype. Thus, we validated EC PDX's potential to reliably recapitulate the majority of histologic and molecular EC features. This work highlights the importance of a thorough characterization of preclinical models for the improvement of the success rate of drug-screening assays for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Villafranca-Magdalena
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carina Masferrer-Ferragutcasas
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gil
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eva Coll-de la Rubia
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rebull
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Genis Parra
- National Center for Genomic Analysis—Genomic Regulation Center (CNAG-CRG), Scientific Park of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ángel García
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando Reques
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Cabrera
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Gynecological Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Gynecological Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian P. Moiola
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (B.V.-M.); (C.M.-F.); (C.L.-G.); (E.C.-d.l.R.); (M.R.); (Á.G.); (A.R.); (S.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- School of Medicine, The Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (C.P.M.)
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Tanaka T, Nishie R, Ueda S, Miyamoto S, Hashida S, Konishi H, Terada S, Kogata Y, Sasaki H, Tsunetoh S, Taniguchi K, Komura K, Ohmichi M. Endometrial Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2606. [PMID: 35566732 PMCID: PMC9100787 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models resemble the original tumors, they can be used as platforms to find target agents for precision medicine and to study characteristics of tumor biology such as clonal evolution and microenvironment interactions. The aim of this review was to identify articles on endometrial cancer PDXs (EC-PDXs) and verify the methodology and outcomes. METHODS We used PubMed to research and identify articles on EC-PDX. The data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Post literature review, eight studies were selected for the systematic review. Eighty-five EC-PDXs were established from 173 patients with EC, with a total success rate of 49.1%. A 1-10 mm3 fragment was usually implanted. Fresh-fragment implantation had higher success rates than using overnight-stored or frozen fragments. Primary tumors were successfully established with subcutaneous implantation, but metastasis rarely occurred; orthotopic implantation via minced tumor cell injection was better for metastatic models. The success rate did not correspond to immunodeficiency grades, and PDXs using nude mice reduced costs. The tumor growth period ranged from 2 weeks to 13 months. Similar characteristics were observed between primary tumors and PDXs, including pathological findings, gene mutations, and gene expression. CONCLUSION EC-PDXs are promising tools for translational research because they closely resemble the features of tumors in patients and retain molecular and histological features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
- Translational Research Program, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Ruri Nishie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Shoko Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Sousuke Hashida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Hiromi Konishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Shinichi Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Yuhei Kogata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Satoshi Tsunetoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Translational Research Program, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Translational Research Program, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (R.N.); (S.U.); (S.M.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (M.O.)
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18
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BRCA mutations lead to XIAP overexpression and sensitise ovarian cancer to inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:488-499. [PMID: 35501389 PMCID: PMC9345958 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We tested the hypothesis that inhibitor of apoptosis family (IAP) proteins may be altered in BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancers and that could affect the sensitivity to IAP inhibitors. Methods The levels of IAP proteins were evaluated in human cancers and cell lines. Cell lines were used to determine the effects of IAP inhibitors. The in vivo effects of treatments were evaluated in PDX mouse models. Results Expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is increased in BRCA1-mutated cancers and high levels are associated with improved patient outcomes after platinum chemotherapy. XIAP overexpression is mediated by NF-kB activation and is associated with an optimisation of PARP. BRCA1-mutated cell lines are particularly sensitive to IAP inhibitors due to an inhibitory effect on PARP. Both a BRCA1-mutated cell line with acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors and one with restored BRCA1 remain sensitive to IAP inhibitors. Treatment with IAP inhibitors restores the efficacy of PARP inhibition in these cell lines. The IAP inhibitor LCL161 alone and in combination with a PARP inhibitor, exhibited antitumour effects in PDX mouse models of resistant BRCA2 and 1-mutated ovarian cancer, respectively. Conclusion A clinical trial may be justified to further investigate the utility of IAP inhibitors.
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Gao J, Jung M, Williams RT, Hui D, Russell AJ, Naim AJ, Kamili A, Clifton M, Bongers A, Mayoh C, Ho G, Scott CL, Jessup W, Haber M, Norris MD, Henderson MJ. Suppression of the ABCA1 Cholesterol Transporter Impairs the Growth and Migration of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081878. [PMID: 35454786 PMCID: PMC9029800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecological cancer. Over 80% of cases have already spread at diagnosis, and these patients face a five-year survival rate of 35%. EOC cells often spread to the greater omentum, an abdominal fat pad. Here, EOC cells take-up cholesterols. Excessive amounts of cholesterol are lethal; thus, we proposed that the ABCA1 cholesterol transporter exports cholesterol from serous EOC cells to maintain cholesterol balance. Indeed, we found that reducing the level of ABCA1 could suppress serous EOC growth in two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional cell culture and also hindered their migration, a key process required for cancer spread. We also identified drugs that impair EOC cell growth by inhibiting cholesterol export. Our data demonstrate that disrupting the cholesterol balance by targeting ABCA1 may be an effective treatment strategy for EOC patients. Abstract Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy with over 80% of cases already disseminated at diagnosis and facing a dismal five-year survival rate of 35%. EOC cells often spread to the greater omentum where they take-up cholesterol. Excessive amounts of cholesterol can be cytocidal, suggesting that cholesterol efflux through transporters may be important to maintain homeostasis, and this may explain the observation that high expression of the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) cholesterol transporter has been associated with poor outcome in EOC patients. Methods: ABCA1 expression was silenced in EOC cells to investigate the effect of inhibiting cholesterol efflux on EOC biology through growth and migration assays, three-dimensional spheroid culture and cholesterol quantification. Results: ABCA1 suppression significantly reduced the growth, motility and colony formation of EOC cell lines as well as the size of EOC spheroids, whilst stimulating expression of ABCA1 reversed these effects. In serous EOC cells, ABCA1 suppression induced accumulation of cholesterol. Lowering cholesterol levels using methyl-B-cyclodextrin rescued the effect of ABCA1 suppression, restoring EOC growth. Furthermore, we identified FDA-approved agents that induced cholesterol accumulation and elicited cytocidal effects in EOC cells. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the importance of ABCA1 in maintaining cholesterol balance and malignant properties in EOC cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Gao
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - MoonSun Jung
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rebekka T. Williams
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Danica Hui
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Amanda J. Russell
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrea J. Naim
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Alvin Kamili
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Molly Clifton
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Angelika Bongers
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gwo Ho
- Australia Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (G.H.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Clare L. Scott
- Australia Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (G.H.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Wendy Jessup
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia;
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Murray D. Norris
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle J. Henderson
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.); (R.T.W.); (D.H.); (A.J.R.); (A.J.N.); (A.K.); (M.C.); (A.B.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (M.D.N.); (M.J.H.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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20
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Experimental models for ovarian cancer research. Exp Cell Res 2022; 416:113150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Centenera MM, Vincent AD, Moldovan M, Lin HM, Lynn DJ, Horvath LG, Butler LM. Harnessing the Heterogeneity of Prostate Cancer for Target Discovery Using Patient-Derived Explants. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071708. [PMID: 35406480 PMCID: PMC8996971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a widespread push toward more biologically relevant pre-clinical models of prostate cancer that can improve the discovery and translation of new drugs and biomarkers for this disease. Patient-derived explant culture is an innovative pre-clinical model that utilizes surgical prostate cancer specimens in a way that retains the architecture, microenvironment and heterogeneity of prostate tumors—factors that critically influence cell behavior and response to therapy. With increasing tissue complexity comes increasing complexity of analysis. The aim of this study was to provide critical information for the successful application and analysis of the patient-derived prostate cancer explant model. Abstract Prostate cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, but a small number of cell lines have dominated basic prostate cancer research, representing a major obstacle in the field of drug and biomarker discovery. A growing lack of confidence in cell lines has seen a shift toward more sophisticated pre-clinical cancer models that incorporate patient-derived tumors as xenografts or explants, to more accurately reflect clinical disease. Not only do these models retain critical features of the original tumor, and account for the molecular diversity and cellular heterogeneity of prostate cancer, but they provide a unique opportunity to conduct research in matched tumor samples. The challenge that accompanies these complex tissue models is increased complexity of analysis. With over 10 years of experience working with patient-derived explants (PDEs) of prostate cancer, this study provides guidance on the PDE method, its limitations, and considerations for addressing the heterogeneity of prostate cancer PDEs that are based on statistical modeling. Using inhibitors of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as an example of a drug that induces robust proliferative response, we demonstrate how multi-omics analysis in prostate cancer PDEs is both feasible and essential for identification of key biological pathways, with significant potential for novel drug target and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Centenera
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.D.V.); (L.M.B.)
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew D. Vincent
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.D.V.); (L.M.B.)
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Max Moldovan
- Biometry Hub, Faculty of Science, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Hui-Ming Lin
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; (H.-M.L.); (L.G.H.)
| | - David J. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; (H.-M.L.); (L.G.H.)
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.D.V.); (L.M.B.)
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
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22
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Patient-derived tumor models are attractive tools to repurpose drugs for ovarian cancer treatment: Pre-clinical updates. Oncotarget 2022; 13:553-575. [PMID: 35359749 PMCID: PMC8959092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding of ovarian cancer biology, the progress in translation of research findings into new therapies is still slow. It is associated in part with limitations of commonly used cancer models such as cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models that lack proper representation of diversity and complexity of actual human tumors. In addition, the development of de novo anticancer drugs is a lengthy and expensive process. A promising alternative to new drug development is repurposing existing FDA-approved drugs without primary oncological purpose. These approved agents have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology and could be approved as anticancer drugs quicker and at lower cost. To successfully translate repurposed drugs to clinical application, an intermediate step of pre-clinical animal studies is required. To address challenges associated with reliability of tumor models for pre-clinical studies, there has been an increase in development of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), which retain key characteristics of the original patient’s tumor, including histologic, biologic, and genetic features. The expansion and utilization of clinically and molecularly annotated PDX models derived from different ovarian cancer subtypes could substantially aid development of new therapies or rapid approval of repurposed drugs to improve treatment options for ovarian cancer patients.
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23
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Kercher EM, Spring BQ. Photodynamic Treatments for Disseminated Cancer Metastases Using Fiber-Optic Technologies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:185-201. [PMID: 35505019 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted and -activatable photosensitizer delivery platforms are creating new opportunities to develop photodynamic therapy (PDT) of metastatic disease. This is possible by confining the activity of the photosensitizing chemical (i.e., the PDT agent) to the tumor in combination with diffuse near-infrared light irradiation for wide-field treatment. This chapter outlines protocols and research tools for preclinical development of light-activated therapies of cancer metastases using advanced-stage ovarian cancer as a model system. We also describe an in vivo molecular imaging approach that uniquely enables tracking intraperitoneal micrometastatic burden and responses to treatment using fluorescence microendoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Kercher
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan Q Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Howard D, James D, Garcia-Parra J, Pan-Castillo B, Worthington J, Williams N, Coombes Z, Rees SC, Lutchman-Singh K, Francis LW, Rees P, Margarit L, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Dinaciclib as an effective pan-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor in platinum resistant ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1014280. [PMID: 36505806 PMCID: PMC9732436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is amongst the most lethal of common cancers in women. Lacking in specific symptoms in the early stages, OC is predominantly diagnosed late when the disease has undergone metastatic spread and chemotherapy is relied on to prolong life. Platinum-based therapies are preferred and although many tumors respond initially, the emergence of platinum-resistance occurs in the majority of cases after which prognosis is very poor. Upregulation of DNA damage pathways is a common feature of platinum resistance in OC with cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) serving as key regulators of this process and suggesting that CDK inhibitors (CDKis) could be effective tools in the treatment of platinum resistant and refractory OC. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CDKis in platinum resistant OC models and serve as a predictor of potential clinical utility. Methods The efficacy of CDKi, dinaciclib, was determined in wildtype and platinum resistant cell line pairs representing different OC subtypes. In addition, dinaciclib was evaluated in primary cells isolated from platinum-sensitive and platinum-refractory tumors to increase the clinical relevance of the study. Results and conclusions Dinaciclib proved highly efficacious in OC cell lines and primary cells, which were over a thousand-fold more sensitive to the CDKi than to cisplatin. Furthermore, cisplatin resistance in these cells did not influence sensitivity to dinaciclib and the two drugs combined additively in both platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant OC cells suggesting a potential role for pan-CDKis (CDKis targeting multiple CDKs), such as dinaciclib, in the treatment of advanced and platinum-resistant OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Howard
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecology (RBGO) Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - David James
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecology (RBGO) Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecology (RBGO) Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Belen Pan-Castillo
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecology (RBGO) Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Zoe Coombes
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecology (RBGO) Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Colleen Rees
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend, United Kingdom
| | - Kerryn Lutchman-Singh
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis W Francis
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecology (RBGO) Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rees
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend, United Kingdom
| | - R Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecology (RBGO) Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecology (RBGO) Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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25
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Cybula M, Wang L, Wang L, Drumond-Bock AL, Moxley KM, Benbrook DM, Gunderson-Jackson C, Ruiz-Echevarria MJ, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P, Bieniasz M. Patient-Derived Xenografts of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Subtype as a Powerful Tool in Pre-Clinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6288. [PMID: 34944908 PMCID: PMC8699796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. PDX models have become the preferred tool in research laboratories seeking to improve development and pre-clinical testing of new drugs. PDXs have been shown to capture the cellular and molecular characteristics of human tumors better than simpler cell line-based models. More recently, however, hints that PDXs may change their characteristics over time have begun to emerge, emphasizing the need for comprehensive analysis of PDX evolution. (2) Methods. We established a panel of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) PDXs and developed and validated a 300-SNP signature that can be successfully utilized to assess genetic drift across PDX passages and detect PDX contamination with lymphoproliferative tissues. In addition, we performed a detailed histological characterization and functional assessment of multiple PDX passages. (3) Results. Our data show that the PDXs remain largely stable throughout propagation, with marginal genetic drift at the time of PDX initiation and adaptation to mouse host. Importantly, our PDX lines retained the major histological characteristics of the original patients' tumors even after multiple passages in mice, demonstrating a strong concordance with the clinical responses of their corresponding patients. (4) Conclusions. Our data underline the value of defined HGSOC PDXs as a pre-clinical tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cybula
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.C.); (L.W.); (L.W.); (A.L.D.-B.)
| | - Lin Wang
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.C.); (L.W.); (L.W.); (A.L.D.-B.)
| | - Luyao Wang
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.C.); (L.W.); (L.W.); (A.L.D.-B.)
| | - Ana Luiza Drumond-Bock
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.C.); (L.W.); (L.W.); (A.L.D.-B.)
| | - Katherine M. Moxley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.M.M.); (D.M.B.); (C.G.-J.); (R.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Doris M. Benbrook
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.M.M.); (D.M.B.); (C.G.-J.); (R.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Camille Gunderson-Jackson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.M.M.); (D.M.B.); (C.G.-J.); (R.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Maria J. Ruiz-Echevarria
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.M.M.); (D.M.B.); (C.G.-J.); (R.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.M.M.); (D.M.B.); (C.G.-J.); (R.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Magdalena Bieniasz
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.C.); (L.W.); (L.W.); (A.L.D.-B.)
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26
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Druzhkova IN, Shirmanova MV, Kuznetsova DS, Lukina ММ, Zagaynova ЕV. Modern Approaches to Testing Drug Sensitivity of Patients' Tumors (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:91-102. [PMID: 34795997 PMCID: PMC8596271 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug therapy is still one of the basic techniques used to treat cancers of different etiology. However, tumor resistance to drugs is a pressing problem limiting drug treatment efficacy. It is obvious for both modern fundamental and clinical oncology that there is the need for an individual approach to treating cancer taking into account the biological properties of a tumor when prescribing chemo- and targeted therapy. One of the promising strategies is to increase the antitumor therapy efficacy by developing predictive tests, which enable to evaluate the sensitivity of a particular tumor to a specific drug or a drug combination before the treatment initiation and, thus, make individual therapy selection possible. The present review considers the main approaches to drug sensitivity assessment of patients’ tumors: molecular genetic profiling of tumor cells, and direct efficiency testing of the drugs on tumor cells isolated from surgical or biopsy material. There were analyzed the key directions in research and clinical studies such as: the search for predictive molecular markers, the development of methods to maintain tumor cells or tissue sections viable, i.e. in a condition maximum close to their physiological state, the development of high throughput systems to assess therapy efficiency. Special attention was given to a patient-centered approach to drug therapy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Druzhkova
- Junior Researcher, Fluorescent Bio-imaging Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M V Shirmanova
- Deputy Director for Science, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of Fluorescent Bio-imaging Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D S Kuznetsova
- Researcher, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - М М Lukina
- Junior Researcher, Fluorescent Bio-imaging Laboratory, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Е V Zagaynova
- Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Optical Coherence Tomography, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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27
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Mendoza-Martinez AK, Loessner D, Mata A, Azevedo HS. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer: The Application of Self-Assembling Biomaterials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5745. [PMID: 34830897 PMCID: PMC8616551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of gynecologic malignancies. Despite treatment with surgery and chemotherapy, OvCa disseminates and recurs frequently, reducing the survival rate for patients. There is an urgent need to develop more effective treatment options for women diagnosed with OvCa. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key driver of disease progression, metastasis and resistance to treatment. For this reason, 3D models have been designed to represent this specific niche and allow more realistic cell behaviors compared to conventional 2D approaches. In particular, self-assembling peptides represent a promising biomaterial platform to study tumor biology. They form nanofiber networks that resemble the architecture of the extracellular matrix and can be designed to display mechanical properties and biochemical motifs representative of the TME. In this review, we highlight the properties and benefits of emerging 3D platforms used to model the ovarian TME. We also outline the challenges associated with using these 3D systems and provide suggestions for future studies and developments. We conclude that our understanding of OvCa and advances in materials science will progress the engineering of novel 3D approaches, which will enable the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Mendoza-Martinez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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28
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Chen J, Jin Y, Li S, Qiao C, Peng X, Li Y, Gu Y, Wang W, You Y, Yin J, Shan Y, Wang YX, Qin M, Li H, Cai Y, Dong Y, Peng S, Pan L. Patient-Derived Xenografts Are a Reliable Preclinical Model for the Personalized Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:744256. [PMID: 34671560 PMCID: PMC8522495 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate robust patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), analyze the resemblance of PDX models to the original tumors, and explore factors affecting engraftment rates, fresh cancer tissues from a consecutive cohort of 158 patients with EOC were collected to construct subcutaneous PDX models. Paired samples of original tumors and PDX tumors were compared at the genome, transcriptome, protein levels, and the platinum-based chemotherapy response was evaluated to ensure the reliability of the PDXs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors affecting the engraftment rates. The engraftment success rate was 58.23% (92/158) over 3–6 months. The Ki-67 index and receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy can affect the engraftment rate in primary patients. The PDX models generated in this study were found to retain the histomorphology, protein expression, and genetic alteration patterns of the original tumors, despite the transcriptomic differences observed. Clinically, the PDX models demonstrated a high degree of similarity with patients in terms of the chemotherapy response and could predict prognosis. Thus, the PDX model can be considered a promising and reliable preclinical tool for personalized and precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Qiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing IDMO Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Peng
- The Bioinformatics Department, Precision Scientific (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Xue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyue Li
- The Bioinformatics Department, Precision Scientific (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- The Medical Department, Precision Scientific (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | - Lingya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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The role of the tumor primary chemosensitivity relative to the success of the medical-surgical management in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102294. [PMID: 34564042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas, the first-line treatment has historically relied on debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. If the major therapeutic/prognostic role of the surgery part is well understood, and integrated in disease-management algorithms, the impact of chemotherapy efficacy has been insufficiently addressed. This review describes the main indicators of the chemosensitivity reported in the literature (pathological response score & biomarkers; genomic alterations; DNA scars; imaging; and circulating tumor markers), and investigates the respective roles of the debulking surgery and tumor primary chemosensitivity relative to the success of the comprehensive medical-surgical treatment. The tumor primary chemosensitivity exhibits a major independent prognostic impact on the feasibility of complete interval debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, risk of subsequent platinum-resistant relapse, efficacy of subsequent maintenance therapies with bevacizumab or PARP inhibitors, progression-free survival, overall and long-term survival. While both the completeness of the surgery and the tumor primary chemosensitivity are undoubtedly major prognostic factors, the impact of the surgery may differ according to the primary chemosensitivity. This assumption raises a potential new concept: in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas, the maximum tumor debulking should ideally be both biological (induced by systemic treatments) and physical (induced by surgery) for maximizing patient survival. Besides BRCA and HRD biomarkers, future trials and algorithms may integrate indicator(s) of the tumor primary chemosensitivity for guiding more subtly the surgical and medical management in first-line setting. Moreover, such a parameter would help in the development of novel approaches meant to reverse the resistance to chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors.
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30
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Risbridger GP, Clark AK, Porter LH, Toivanen R, Bakshi A, Lister NL, Pook D, Pezaro CJ, Sandhu S, Keerthikumar S, Quezada Urban R, Papargiris M, Kraska J, Madsen HB, Wang H, Richards MG, Niranjan B, O'Dea S, Teng L, Wheelahan W, Li Z, Choo N, Ouyang JF, Thorne H, Devereux L, Hicks RJ, Sengupta S, Harewood L, Iddawala M, Azad AA, Goad J, Grummet J, Kourambas J, Kwan EM, Moon D, Murphy DG, Pedersen J, Clouston D, Norden S, Ryan A, Furic L, Goode DL, Frydenberg M, Lawrence MG, Taylor RA. The MURAL collection of prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts enables discovery through preclinical models of uro-oncology. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5049. [PMID: 34413304 PMCID: PMC8376965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical testing is a crucial step in evaluating cancer therapeutics. We aimed to establish a significant resource of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of prostate cancer for rapid and systematic evaluation of candidate therapies. The PDX collection comprises 59 tumors collected from 30 patients between 2012-2020, coinciding with availability of abiraterone and enzalutamide. The PDXs represent the clinico-pathological and genomic spectrum of prostate cancer, from treatment-naïve primary tumors to castration-resistant metastases. Inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity in adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine phenotypes is evident from bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data. Organoids can be cultured from PDXs, providing further capabilities for preclinical studies. Using a 1 x 1 x 1 design, we rapidly identify tumors with exceptional responses to combination treatments. To govern the distribution of PDXs, we formed the Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL). This PDX collection is a substantial resource, expanding the capacity to test and prioritize effective treatments for prospective clinical trials in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail P Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Roxanne Toivanen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie L Lister
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmel J Pezaro
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.,Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, England
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Tissue Collection After Death (CASCADE) Program, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosalia Quezada Urban
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Papargiris
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenna Kraska
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather B Madsen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle G Richards
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Birunthi Niranjan
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha O'Dea
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Teng
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - William Wheelahan
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhuoer Li
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Choo
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heather Thorne
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shomik Sengupta
- Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Freemasons, Epworth Health, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Harewood
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahesh Iddawala
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Goad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Grummet
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Kourambas
- Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Edmond M Kwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Moon
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,The Epworth Prostate Centre, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Pedersen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sam Norden
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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31
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Dickson KA, Xie T, Evenhuis C, Ma Y, Marsh DJ. PARP Inhibitors Display Differential Efficacy in Models of BRCA Mutant High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8506. [PMID: 34445211 PMCID: PMC8395221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are now in clinical use for tumours with defects in BReast CAncer genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 that result in deficient homologous recombination repair (HRR). Use of olaparib, niraparib or rucaparib for the treatment of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, including in the maintenance setting, has extended both progression free and overall survival for women with this malignancy. While different PARP inhibitors (PARPis) are mechanistically similar, differences are apparent in their chemical structures, toxicity profiles, PARP trapping abilities and polypharmacological landscapes. We have treated ovarian cancer cell line models of known BRCA status, including the paired cell lines PEO1 and PEO4, and UWB1.289 and UWB1.289+BRCA1, with five PARPis (olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib, talazoparib and veliparib) and observed differences between PARPis in both cell viability and cell survival. A cell line model of acquired resistance to veliparib showed increased resistance to the other four PARPis tested, suggesting that acquired resistance to one PARPi may not be able to be rescued by another. Lastly, as a proof of principle, HRR proficient ovarian cancer cells were sensitised to PARPis by depletion of BRCA1. In the future, guidelines will need to emerge to assist clinicians in matching specific PARPis to specific patients and tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie-Ann Dickson
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.-A.D.); (T.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tao Xie
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.-A.D.); (T.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Christian Evenhuis
- iThree Institute, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Yue Ma
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.-A.D.); (T.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Deborah J. Marsh
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.-A.D.); (T.X.); (Y.M.)
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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32
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Nesic K, Kondrashova O, Hurley RM, McGehee CD, Vandenberg CJ, Ho GY, Lieschke E, Dall G, Bound N, Shield-Artin K, Radke M, Musafer A, Chai ZQ, Eftekhariyan Ghamsari MR, Harrell MI, Kee D, Olesen I, McNally O, Traficante N, Cancer Study AO, DeFazio A, Bowtell DDL, Swisher EM, Weroha SJ, Nones K, Waddell N, Kaufmann SH, Dobrovic A, Wakefield MJ, Scott CL. Acquired RAD51C promoter methylation loss causes PARP inhibitor resistance in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4709-4722. [PMID: 34321239 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), deleterious mutations in DNA repair gene RAD51C are established drivers of defective homologous recombination and are emerging biomarkers of PARP inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity. RAD51C promoter methylation (meRAD51C) is detected at similar frequencies to mutations, yet its effects on PARPi responses remain unresolved. In this study, three HGSC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with methylation at most or all examined CpG sites in the RAD51C promoter show responses to PARPi. Both complete and heterogeneous methylation patterns were associated with RAD51C gene silencing and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). PDX models lost meRAD51C following treatment with PARPi rucaparib or niraparib, where a single unmethylated copy of RAD51C was sufficient to drive PARPi resistance. Genomic copy number profiling of one of the PDX models using SNP arrays revealed that this resistance was acquired independently in two genetically distinct lineages. In a cohort of 11 patients with RAD51C-methylated HGSC, various patterns of meRAD51C were associated with genomic 'scarring', indicative of HRD history, but exhibited no clear correlations with clinical outcome. Differences in methylation stability under treatment pressure were also observed between patients, where one HGSC was found to maintain meRAD51C after 6 lines of therapy (4 platinum-based), whilst another HGSC sample was found to have heterozygous meRAD51C and elevated RAD51C gene expression (relative to homozygous meRAD51C controls) after only neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. As meRAD51C loss in a single gene copy was sufficient to cause PARPi resistance in PDX, methylation zygosity should be carefully assessed in previously treated patients when considering PARPi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Nesic
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Gwo-Yaw Ho
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
| | - Elizabeth Lieschke
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
| | | | | | - Kristy Shield-Artin
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
| | - Marc Radke
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center
| | - Ashan Musafer
- Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Group, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre
| | - Zi Qing Chai
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre
| | | | - Maria I Harrell
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center
| | | | | | - Orla McNally
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory and Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | | | - Anna DeFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Medical Research
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory and Austrialian Ovarian Cancer Study, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | | | | | - Katia Nones
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
| | | | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, University of Melbourne
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
| | - Clare L Scott
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
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33
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Wu Y, Guo Q, Ju X, Hu Z, Xia L, Deng Y, Zhao P, Zhang M, Shao Y, Huang S, He X, Wen H, Wu X. HNRNPH1-stabilized LINC00662 promotes ovarian cancer progression by activating the GRP78/p38 pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:4770-4782. [PMID: 34148056 PMCID: PMC8298204 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest an important role for copy number alterations (CNAs) in cancer progression. However, CNAs of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) in ovarian cancer (OC) and their potential functions have not been fully investigated. Here, based on analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified in this study an oncogenic lincRNA termed LINC00662 that exhibited a significant correlation between its CNA and its increased expression. LINC00662 overexpression is highly associated with malignant features in OC patients and is a prognostic indicator. LINC00662 significantly promotes OC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00662 is stabilized by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (HNRNPH1). Moreover, LINC00662 exerts oncogenic effects by interacting with glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and preventing its ubiquitination in OC cells, leading to activation of the oncogenic p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results define an oncogenic role for LINC00662 in OC progression mediated via GRP78/p38 signaling, with potential implications regarding therapeutic targets for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qinhao Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingzhu Ju
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lingfang Xia
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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34
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Patient-Derived Xenografts from Solid Tumors (PDX) for Models of Metastasis. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33742393 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1350-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In cancer research, availability of clinically relevant tumor models is still essential for drug testing, proof of concept studies, and also molecular analyses. To achieve this, models are of advantage, which more closely reflect heterogeneity of tumors. In this regard, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models more closely recapitulate the native tumor biology, tissue composition, and molecular characteristics. Since metastasis is still the major challenge of tumor therapy, models are pivotal, which resemble this particular property. In this context, PDX model-derived metastasis is of particular interest for testing antimetastatic therapies for their efficacy to better target this systemic disease. This protocol describes the establishment of PDX models from tumor specimen and their applicability for PDX-derived metastasis at metastatic sites such as liver and lung, which are also clinically relevant for the systemic spread of cancer. Analysis of metastasis and methods for quantification of metastatic spread are provided.
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35
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Hoppe MM, Jaynes P, Wardyn JD, Upadhyayula SS, Tan TZ, Lie S, Lim DGZ, Pang BNK, Lim S, P S Yeong J, Karnezis A, Chiu DS, Leung S, Huntsman DG, Sedukhina AS, Sato K, Topp MD, Scott CL, Choi H, Patel NR, Brown R, Kaye SB, Pitt JJ, Tan DSP, Jeyasekharan AD. Quantitative imaging of RAD51 expression as a marker of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13366. [PMID: 33709473 PMCID: PMC8103098 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early relapse after platinum chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) portends poor survival. A-priori identification of platinum resistance is therefore crucial to improve on standard first-line carboplatin-paclitaxel treatment. The DNA repair pathway homologous recombination (HR) repairs platinum-induced damage, and the HR recombinase RAD51 is overexpressed in cancer. We therefore designed a REMARK-compliant study of pre-treatment RAD51 expression in EOC, using fluorescent quantitative immunohistochemistry (qIHC) to overcome challenges in quantitation of protein expression in situ. In a discovery cohort (n = 284), RAD51-High tumours had shorter progression-free and overall survival compared to RAD51-Low cases in univariate and multivariate analyses. The association of RAD51 with relapse/survival was validated in a carboplatin monotherapy SCOTROC4 clinical trial cohort (n = 264) and was predominantly noted in HR-proficient cancers (Myriad HRDscore < 42). Interestingly, overexpression of RAD51 modified expression of immune-regulatory pathways in vitro, while RAD51-High tumours showed exclusion of cytotoxic T cells in situ. Our findings highlight RAD51 expression as a determinant of platinum resistance and suggest possible roles for therapy to overcome immune exclusion in RAD51-High EOC. The qIHC approach is generalizable to other proteins with a continuum instead of discrete/bimodal expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal M Hoppe
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Patrick Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Joanna D Wardyn
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Stefanus Lie
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Diana G Z Lim
- Department of PathologyNational University HospitalSingapore
| | - Brendan N K Pang
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of PathologyNational University HospitalSingapore
| | - Sherlly Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Joe P S Yeong
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Anthony Karnezis
- British Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
- Present address:
Pathology and Lab medicineUC Davis Medical CentreSacramentoCAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Anna S Sedukhina
- Department of PharmacogenomicsSt. Marianna UniversityKawasakiJapan
| | - Ko Sato
- Department of PharmacogenomicsSt. Marianna UniversityKawasakiJapan
| | - Monique D Topp
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Robert Brown
- Division of CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stan B Kaye
- Department of Haematology‐OncologyNational University HospitalSingapore
| | - Jason J Pitt
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - David S P Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Haematology‐OncologyNational University HospitalSingapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Haematology‐OncologyNational University HospitalSingapore
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Kalachand RD, Stordal B, Madden S, Chandler B, Cunningham J, Goode EL, Ruscito I, Braicu EI, Sehouli J, Ignatov A, Yu H, Katsaros D, Mills GB, Lu KH, Carey MS, Timms KM, Kupryjanczyk J, Rzepecka IK, Podgorska A, McAlpine JN, Swisher EM, Bernards SS, O'Riain C, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ, Bowtell DD, Thomas DM, Prieske K, Joosse SA, Woelber L, Chaudhry P, Häfner N, Runnebaum IB, Hennessy BT. BRCA1 Promoter Methylation and Clinical Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 112:1190-1203. [PMID: 32413141 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 methylation has been associated with homologous recombination deficiency, a biomarker of platinum sensitivity. Studies evaluating BRCA1-methylated tubal and ovarian cancer (OC) do not consistently support improved survival following platinum chemotherapy. We examine the characteristics of BRCA1-methylated OC in a meta-analysis of individual participant data. METHODS Data of 2636 participants across 15 studies were analyzed. BRCA1-methylated tumors were defined according to their original study. Associations between BRCA1 methylation and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. The effects of methylation on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were examined using mixed-effects models. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS 430 (16.3%) tumors were BRCA1-methylated. BRCA1 methylation was associated with younger age and advanced-stage, high-grade serous OC. There were no survival differences between BRCA1-methylated and non-BRCA1-methylated OC (median PFS = 20.0 vs 18.5 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.16; P = .98; median OS = 46.6 vs 48.0 months, HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.18; P = .96). Where BRCA1/2 mutations were evaluated (n = 1248), BRCA1 methylation displayed no survival advantage over BRCA1/2-intact (BRCA1/2 wild-type non-BRCA1-methylated) OC. Studies used different methods to define BRCA1 methylation. Where BRCA1 methylation was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis (n = 834), it was associated with improved survival (PFS: HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.97; P = .02; OS: HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.00; P = .05) on mixed-effects modeling. CONCLUSION BRCA1-methylated OC displays similar clinicopathological features to BRCA1-mutated OC but is not associated with survival. Heterogeneity within BRCA1 methylation assays influences associations. Refining these assays may better identify cases with silenced BRCA1 function and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni D Kalachand
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Britta Stordal
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Stephen Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Chandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Cunningham
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ilary Ruscito
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Cell Therapy Unit and Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena I Braicu
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Centre, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- AOU Citta della Salute and Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecologic Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark S Carey
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Podgorska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Ciaran O'Riain
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Emer Casey Research Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Emer Casey Research Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - David M Thomas
- Genomic Cancer Medicine, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Katharina Prieske
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linn Woelber
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Parvesh Chaudhry
- Department of Radiotherapy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department for Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department for Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
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Huang Y, Xu J, Li K, Wang J, Dai Y, Kang Y. A Novel, Personalized Drug-Screening System for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Clinical Report. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2849-2867. [PMID: 33833569 PMCID: PMC8020460 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s276799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With this study, we intended to construct a personalized drug-screening system for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients by consulting a patient's medical history, data derived from gene mutation detection, and drug screening results derived from mini-PDX (patient-derived xenograft) models. We also aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our system. PATIENTS AND METHODS We selected 12 patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer who were treated at our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 to design a single-arm clinical trial. The subsequent chemotherapeutic plans were selected according to a personalized drug-screening system that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing and the establishment of mini-PDX models. We then analyzed the patients for clinical benefits side-effects in response to chemotherapy in order to evaluate the clinical effects and safety of our new personalized drug-selection system. RESULTS We successfully established an individualized and sensitive drug-screening system for the 12 patients. Mini-PDX models verified that potentially effective drugs were identified for 11 of the patients. Treatment resulted in complete remission (one patient), partial remission (five patients), and stable disease (three patients). The remaining three patients experienced disease progression. The overall clinical-benefit rate was 75.0%. Following treatment, the levels of CA125 levels decreased significantly in seven of the 12 patients. Severe side effects, arising from chemotherapy, were only observed in one case. CONCLUSION Constructing a personalized drug-screening system for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients can be used to guide clinical drug selection and improve the clinical-benefit rate for patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800016766 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Huang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Gynecology Department, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Gynecology Department, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Gynecology Department, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Gynecology Department, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Dai
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Gynecology Department, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Kang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Gynecology Department, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality in the developed world. EOC is a heterogeneous disease represented by several histological and molecular subtypes. Therefore, exploration of relevant preclinical animal models that consider the heterogenic nature of EOC is of great importance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that can be translated clinically to combat this devastating disease. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the development of preclinical mouse models for EOC study as well as their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Karakashev
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ru-Gang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
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39
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Grohmann C, Walker F, Devlin M, Luo MX, Chüeh AC, Doherty J, Vaillant F, Ho GY, Wakefield MJ, Weeden CE, Kamili A, Murray J, Po'uha ST, Weinstock J, Kane SR, Faux MC, Broekhuizen E, Zheng Y, Shield-Artin K, Kershaw NJ, Tan CW, Witchard HM, Ebert G, Charman SA, Street I, Kavallaris M, Haber M, Fletcher JI, Asselin-Labat ML, Scott CL, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ, Watson KG, Burgess AW, Lessene G. Preclinical small molecule WEHI-7326 overcomes drug resistance and elicits response in patient-derived xenograft models of human treatment-refractory tumors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:268. [PMID: 33712556 PMCID: PMC7955127 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cell division by chemotherapy is a highly effective strategy to treat a wide range of cancers. However, there are limitations of many standard-of-care chemotherapies: undesirable drug toxicity, side-effects, resistance and high cost. New small molecules which kill a wide range of cancer subtypes, with good therapeutic window in vivo, have the potential to complement the current arsenal of anti-cancer agents and deliver improved safety profiles for cancer patients. We describe results with a new anti-cancer small molecule, WEHI-7326, which causes cell cycle arrest in G2/M, cell death in vitro, and displays efficacious anti-tumor activity in vivo. WEHI-7326 induces cell death in a broad range of cancer cell lines, including taxane-resistant cells, and inhibits growth of human colon, brain, lung, prostate and breast tumors in mice xenografts. Importantly, the compound elicits tumor responses as a single agent in patient-derived xenografts of clinically aggressive, treatment-refractory neuroblastoma, breast, lung and ovarian cancer. In combination with standard-of-care, WEHI-7326 induces a remarkable complete response in a mouse model of high-risk neuroblastoma. WEHI-7326 is mechanistically distinct from known microtubule-targeting agents and blocks cells early in mitosis to inhibit cell division, ultimately leading to apoptotic cell death. The compound is simple to produce and possesses favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles in rodents. It represents a novel class of anti-cancer therapeutics with excellent potential for further development due to the ease of synthesis, simple formulation, moderate side effects and potent in vivo activity. WEHI-7326 has the potential to complement current frontline anti-cancer drugs and to overcome drug resistance in a wide range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Grohmann
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Francesca Walker
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Devlin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Meng-Xiao Luo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Anderly C Chüeh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Judy Doherty
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - François Vaillant
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Gwo-Yaw Ho
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Alvin Kamili
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jayne Murray
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sela T Po'uha
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Janet Weinstock
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Serena R Kane
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Maree C Faux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Esmee Broekhuizen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Ye Zheng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Kristy Shield-Artin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Helen M Witchard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ian Street
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bionano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Keith G Watson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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40
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Stiffness increases with myofibroblast content and collagen density in mesenchymal high grade serous ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4219. [PMID: 33603134 PMCID: PMC7892556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Women diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are still likely to exhibit a bad prognosis, particularly when suffering from HGSOC of the Mesenchymal molecular subtype (50% cases). These tumors show a desmoplastic reaction with accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and high content of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Using patient-derived xenograft mouse models of Mesenchymal and Non-Mesenchymal HGSOC, we show here that HGSOC exhibit distinct stiffness depending on their molecular subtype. Indeed, tumor stiffness strongly correlates with tumor growth in Mesenchymal HGSOC, while Non-Mesenchymal tumors remain soft. Moreover, we observe that tumor stiffening is associated with high stromal content, collagen network remodeling, and MAPK/MEK pathway activation. Furthermore, tumor stiffness accompanies a glycolytic metabolic switch in the epithelial compartment, as expected based on Warburg's effect, but also in stromal cells. This effect is restricted to the central part of stiff Mesenchymal tumors. Indeed, stiff Mesenchymal tumors remain softer at the periphery than at the core, with stromal cells secreting high levels of collagens and showing an OXPHOS metabolism. Thus, our study suggests that tumor stiffness could be at the crossroad of three major processes, i.e. matrix remodeling, MEK activation and stromal metabolic switch that might explain at least in part Mesenchymal HGSOC aggressiveness.
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41
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Ding DC, Chang YH, Wu KC, Harnod T. The organoid: A research model for ovarian cancer. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:255-260. [PMID: 35912056 PMCID: PMC9333109 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_63_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease with a variety of distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. The currently available and common research models for EOC include tumor cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. However, these models have certain shortcomings: establishing a cell line is time-consuming, loss of genetic traits after long-term culture is a possibility, and investment is required in terms of animal care facilities. Therefore, better research models are required. Organoid technology was originally developed from colorectal cancer. Tumor organoid is a three-dimensional culture system and can help accurately recapture the tumor phenotype from the original tumor. Tumor organoid systems can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the currently available research models. The organoid model can be used for culturing ovarian cancer subtypes, screening drugs, assessing genomes, and establishing biobanks. However, the currently available organoid models can only culture one type of cells, epithelial cells. Therefore, an organoid-on-a-chip device can be developed in the future to provide a microenvironment for cell–cell, cell–matrix, and cell–media interactions. Thus, organoid models can be used in ovarian cancer research and can generate a simulated in vivo system, enabling studies on the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer.
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42
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Tamauchi S, Suzuki S, Xuboya C, Yoshihara M, Yoshida K, Ikeda Y, Yoshikawa N, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F. Establishment of a patient-derived xenograft model and cell line of malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:713-719. [PMID: 33300248 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma (MTMCT) of the ovary is a rare gynecological malignancy and commonly arises in women older than 50 years of age. The most common histological type of MTMCT is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and the prognosis is extremely poor. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are promising animal models for preclinical drug screening. Here, we report the generation of a new PDX model of MTMCT, and a new cell line established from the tumors of PDX model animals. METHODS Tumor tissue was obtained from a 32-year-old patient with MTMCT. To generate PDX, NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl /SzJ) mice, a strain of super-immunodeficient mice, were used. Tumor-bearing mice were sacrificed, followed by the collection of these tumors and re-transplantation into new NSG mice (in vivo passage). Tumor samples were also cultured in vitro. Adherent cells were continuously cultured and passaged, a cell line was established. RESULTS In the primary PDX mouse, tumor engraftment was confirmed 30 days after tumor implantation. After three times in vivo passage, we confirmed that the cryopreserved tumors could be engrafted even when transplanted into BALB/c nude mice. Using the tumor tissue at the time of the first in vivo passage, a new cell line NOSCC1 was established. PDX tumors and cell-line derived xenograft tumors exhibited similar morphology of SCC. CONCLUSION We established a new PDX model of MTMCT and a new cell line of it, which may be important tools for the development of new therapies and the elucidation of the carcinogenic mechanisms of MTMCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tamauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chang Xuboya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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43
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Govindarajan M, Wohlmuth C, Waas M, Bernardini MQ, Kislinger T. High-throughput approaches for precision medicine in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:134. [PMID: 33036656 PMCID: PMC7547483 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most prevalent and aggressive subtype of ovarian cancer. The large degree of clinical heterogeneity within HGSC has justified deviations from the traditional one-size-fits-all clinical management approach. However, the majority of HGSC patients still relapse with chemo-resistant cancer and eventually succumb to their disease, evidence that further work is needed to improve patient outcomes. Advancements in high-throughput technologies have enabled novel insights into biological complexity, offering a large potential for informing precision medicine efforts. Here, we review the current landscape of clinical management for HGSC and highlight applications of high-throughput biological approaches for molecular subtyping and the discovery of putative blood-based biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Additionally, we present recent improvements in model systems and discuss how their intersection with high-throughput platforms and technological advancements is positioned to accelerate the realization of precision medicine in HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Wohlmuth
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthew Waas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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44
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Human-Derived Model Systems in Gynecological Cancer Research. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:1031-1043. [PMID: 32855097 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human female reproductive tract (FRT) is a complex system that combines series of organs, including ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva; each of which possesses unique cellular characteristics and functions. This versatility, in turn, allows for the development of a wide range of epithelial gynecological cancers with distinct features. Thus, reliable model systems are required to better understand the diverse mechanisms involved in the regional pathogenesis of the reproductive tract and improve treatment strategies. Here, we review the current human-derived model systems available to study the multitude of gynecological cancers, including ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer, and the recent advances in the push towards personalized therapy.
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45
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Dhar D, Raina K, Kumar D, Wempe MF, Bagby SM, Pitts TM, Orlicky DJ, Agarwal C, Messersmith WA, Agarwal R. Bitter melon juice intake with gemcitabine intervention circumvents resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic patient-derived xenograft tumors. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1227-1240. [PMID: 32816368 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance to gemcitabine (GEM)-a frontline chemotherapeutic, resulting from its dysfunctional uptake and metabolism in cancer cells, is a major contributing factor for failed therapy in pancreatic cancer (PanC) patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for agents that could reverse GEM resistance and allow continued chemosensitivity to the drug. We employed natural nontoxic agent (with anti-PanC potential) bitter melon juice (BMJ) and GEM to examine their combinatorial benefits against tumorigenesis of PanC patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas explants PDX272 (wild-type KRAS), PDX271 (mutant KRAS and SMAD4), and PDX266 (mutant KRAS). Anti-PanC efficacy of single agents vs combination in the three tumor explants, both at the end of active dosing regimen and following a drug-washout phase were compared. In animal studies, GEM alone treatment significantly inhibited PDX tumor growth, but effects were not sustained, as GEM-treated tumors exhibited regrowth posttreatment termination. However, combination-regimen displayed enhanced and sustained efficacy. Mechanistic assessments revealed that overcoming GEM resistance by coadministration with BMJ was possibly due to modulation of GEM transport/metabolism pathway molecules (ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M1, human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, and deoxycytidine kinase). Study outcomes, highlighting significantly higher and sustained efficacy of GEM in combination with BMJ, make a compelling case for a clinical trial in PanC patients, wherein BMJ could be combined with GEM to target and overcome GEM resistance. In addition, given their specific effectiveness against KRAS-mutant tumors, this combination could be potentially beneficial to a broader PanC patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd M Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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46
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A Biobank of Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092340. [PMID: 32825052 PMCID: PMC7563543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a challenging disease, with a high mortality rate and limited effective treatment options, particularly for late-stage disease. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as an informative, renewable experimental resource to model CRC architecture and biology. Here, we describe the generation of a biobank of CRC PDXs from stage I to stage IV patients. We demonstrate that PDXs within our biobank recapitulate the histopathological and mutation features of the original patient tumor. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of this resource in pre-clinical chemotherapy and targeted treatment studies, highlighting the translational potential of PDX models in the identification of new therapies that will improve the overall survival of CRC patients.
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47
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Palmer AC, Plana D, Gao H, Korn JM, Yang G, Green J, Zhang X, Velazquez R, McLaughlin ME, Ruddy DA, Kowal C, Muszynski J, Bullock C, Rivera S, Rakiec DP, Elliott G, Fordjour P, Meyer R, Loo A, Kurth E, Engelman JA, Bitter H, Sellers WR, Williams JA, Sorger PK. A Proof of Concept for Biomarker-Guided Targeted Therapy against Ovarian Cancer Based on Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4278-4287. [PMID: 32747364 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Advanced ovarian cancers are a leading cause of cancer-related death in women and are currently treated with surgery and chemotherapy. This standard of care is often temporarily successful but exhibits a high rate of relapse, after which, treatment options are few. Here we investigate whether biomarker-guided use of multiple targeted therapies, including small molecules and antibody-drug conjugates, is a viable alternative. A panel of patient-derived ovarian cancer xenografts (PDX), similar in genetics and chemotherapy responsiveness to human tumors, was exposed to 21 monotherapies and combination therapies. Three monotherapies and one combination were found to be active in different subsets of PDX. Analysis of gene expression data identified biomarkers associated with responsiveness to each of the three targeted therapies, none of which directly inhibits an oncogenic driver. While no single treatment had as high a response rate as chemotherapy, nearly 90% of PDXs were eligible for and responded to at least one biomarker-guided treatment, including tumors resistant to standard chemotherapy. The distribution of biomarker positivity in The Cancer Genome Atlas data suggests the potential for a similar precision approach in human patients. SIGNIFICANCE: This study exploits a panel of patient-derived xenografts to demonstrate that most ovarian tumors can be matched to effective biomarker-guided treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Palmer
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pharmacology, Computational Medicine Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Deborah Plana
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hui Gao
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua M Korn
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Guizhi Yang
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - John Green
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiamei Zhang
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Roberto Velazquez
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret E McLaughlin
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A Ruddy
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen Kowal
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Muszynski
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline Bullock
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stacy Rivera
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Rakiec
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - GiNell Elliott
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Fordjour
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald Meyer
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alice Loo
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Esther Kurth
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hans Bitter
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William R Sellers
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juliet A Williams
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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48
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Jiang W, Xie S, Liu Y, Zou S, Zhu X. The Application of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Gynecologic Cancers. J Cancer 2020; 11:5478-5489. [PMID: 32742495 PMCID: PMC7391187 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, due to the limitations of cell line models and animal models in the preclinical research with insufficient reflecting the physiological situation of humans, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of many cancers have been widely developed because of their better representation of the tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment with retention of the cellular complexity, cytogenetics, and stromal architecture. PDX models now have been identified as a powerful tool for determining cancer characteristics, developing new treatment, and predicting drug efficacy. An increase in attempts to generate PDX models in gynecologic cancers has emerged in recent years to understand tumorigenesis. Hence, this review summarized the generation of PDX models and engraftment success of PDX models in gynecologic cancers. Furthermore, we illustrated the similarity between PDX model and original tumor, and described preclinical utilization of PDX models in gynecologic cancers. It would help supply better personalized therapy for gynecologic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Shangdan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Shuangwei Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
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49
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Sanij E, Hannan KM, Xuan J, Yan S, Ahern JE, Trigos AS, Brajanovski N, Son J, Chan KT, Kondrashova O, Lieschke E, Wakefield MJ, Frank D, Ellis S, Cullinane C, Kang J, Poortinga G, Nag P, Deans AJ, Khanna KK, Mileshkin L, McArthur GA, Soong J, Berns EMJJ, Hannan RD, Scott CL, Sheppard KE, Pearson RB. CX-5461 activates the DNA damage response and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2641. [PMID: 32457376 PMCID: PMC7251123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) is a major challenge for the clinical management of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Here, we demonstrate CX-5461, the first-in-class inhibitor of RNA polymerase I transcription of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), induces replication stress and activates the DNA damage response. CX-5461 co-operates with PARPi in exacerbating replication stress and enhances therapeutic efficacy against homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair-deficient HGSOC-patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in vivo. We demonstrate CX-5461 has a different sensitivity spectrum to PARPi involving MRE11-dependent degradation of replication forks. Importantly, CX-5461 exhibits in vivo single agent efficacy in a HGSOC-PDX with reduced sensitivity to PARPi by overcoming replication fork protection. Further, we identify CX-5461-sensitivity gene expression signatures in primary and relapsed HGSOC. We propose CX-5461 is a promising therapy in combination with PARPi in HR-deficient HGSOC and also as a single agent for the treatment of relapsed disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Sanij
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Katherine M Hannan
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia Capital Territory, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Jiachen Xuan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shunfei Yan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jessica E Ahern
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Anna S Trigos
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Natalie Brajanovski
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jinbae Son
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Keefe T Chan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Frank
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah Ellis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jian Kang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Gretchen Poortinga
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Purba Nag
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John Soong
- Senhwa Biosciences, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Els M J J Berns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia Capital Territory, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Karen E Sheppard
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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50
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CD24-targeted fluorescence imaging in patient-derived xenograft models of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102782. [PMID: 32454401 PMCID: PMC7248428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate of patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains disappointing. Clinically translatable orthotopic cell line xenograft models and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) may aid the implementation of more personalised treatment approaches. Although orthotopic PDX reflecting heterogeneous molecular subtypes are considered the most relevant preclinical models, their use in therapeutic development is limited by lack of appropriate imaging modalities. METHODS We developed novel orthotopic xenograft and PDX models for HGSOC, and applied a near-infrared fluorescently labelled monoclonal antibody targeting the cell surface antigen CD24 for non-invasive molecular imaging of epithelial ovarian cancer. CD24-Alexa Fluor 680 fluorescence imaging was compared to bioluminescence imaging in three orthotopic cell line xenograft models of ovarian cancer (OV-90luc+, Skov-3luc+ and Caov-3luc+, n = 3 per model). The application of fluorescence imaging to assess treatment efficacy was performed in carboplatin-paclitaxel treated orthotopic OV-90 xenografts (n = 10), before the probe was evaluated to detect disease progression in heterogenous PDX models (n = 7). FINDINGS Application of the near-infrared probe, CD24-AF680, enabled both spatio-temporal visualisation of tumour development, and longitudinal therapy monitoring of orthotopic xenografts. Notably, CD24-AF680 facilitated imaging of multiple PDX models representing different histological subtypes of the disease. INTERPRETATION The combined implementation of CD24-AF680 and orthotopic PDX models creates a state-of-the-art preclinical platform which will impact the identification and validation of new targeted therapies, fluorescence image-guided surgery, and ultimately the outcome for HGSOC patients. FUNDING This study was supported by the H2020 program MSCA-ITN [675743], Helse Vest RHF, and Helse Bergen HF [911809, 911852, 912171, 240222, HV1269], as well as by The Norwegian Cancer Society [182735], and The Research Council of Norway through its Centers of excellence funding scheme [223250, 262652].
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