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Clayton-Cuch D, Yu L, McDougal D, Burbidge CA, Bruning JB, Bradley D, Böttcher C, Bulone V. Biochemical and in silico characterization of glycosyltransferases from red sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) reveals their broad specificity toward phenolic substrates. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2024; 8:100193. [PMID: 38292011 PMCID: PMC10825616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds are a class of phytonutrients that play important roles in plants and contribute to human health when incorporated into our diet through fruit consumption. A large proportion occur as glycoconjugates but the enzymes responsible for their glycosylation are poorly characterized. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of two glycosyltransferases from sweet cherry named PaUGT1 and PaUGT2. Both are promiscuous glucosyltransferases active on diverse anthocyanidins and flavonols, as well as phenolic acids in the case of PaUGT1. They also exhibit weaker galactosyltransferase activity. The expression of the gene encoding PaUGT1, the most active of the two proteins, follows anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening, suggesting that this enzyme is the primary glycosyltransferase involved in flavonoid glycosylation in sweet cherry. It can potentially be used to synthesize diverse glycoconjugates of flavonoids for integration into bioactive formulations, and for generating new fruit cultivars with enhanced health-promoting properties using breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clayton-Cuch
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- CSIRO, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Long Yu
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Daniel McDougal
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - John B. Bruning
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, Mulgrave, Melbourne, Victoria 3171, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Bulone
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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Fu J, Liao L, Jin J, Lu Z, Sun J, Song L, Huang Y, Liu S, Huang D, Xu Y, He J, Hu B, Zhu Y, Wu F, Wang X, Deng X, Xu Q. A transcriptional cascade involving BBX22 and HY5 finely regulates both plant height and fruit pigmentation in citrus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38961693 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Dwarfing is a pivotal agronomic trait affecting both yield and quality. Citrus species exhibit substantial variation in plant height, among which internode length is a core element. However, the molecular mechanism governing internode elongation remains unclear. Here, we unveiled that the transcriptional cascade consisting of B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 22 (BBX22) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) finely tunes plant height and internode elongation in citrus. Loss-of-function mutations of BBX22 in an early-flowering citrus (Citrus hindsii "SJG") promoted internode elongation and reduced pigment accumulation, whereas ectopic expression of BBX22 in SJG, sweet orange (C. sinensis), pomelo (C. maxima) or heterologous expression of BBX22 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) significantly decreased internode length. Furthermore, exogenous application of gibberellin A3 (GA3) rescued the shortened internode and dwarf phenotype caused by BBX22 overexpression. Additional experiments revealed that BBX22 played a dual role in regulation internode elongation and pigmentation in citrus. On the one hand, it directly bound to and activated the expression of HY5, GA metabolism gene (GA2 OXIDASE 8, GA2ox8), carotenoid biosynthesis gene (PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, PSY1) and anthocyanin regulatory gene (Ruby1, a MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN). On the other hand, it acted as a cofactor of HY5, enhancing the ability of HY5 to regulate target genes expression. Together, our results reveal the critical role of the transcriptional cascade consisting of BBX22 and HY5 in controlling internode elongation and pigment accumulation in citrus. Unraveling the crosstalk regulatory mechanism between internode elongation and fruit pigmentation provides key genes for breeding of novel types with both dwarf and health-beneficial fortification in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Fu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Li Liao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Jin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Juan Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ding Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuantao Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxian He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Research Center of Majia Pomelo, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Ma X, Yue Q, Miao L, Li S, Tian J, Si W, Zhang L, Yang W, Zhou X, Zhang J, Chen R, Xu Y, Liu X. A novel nucleic acid linker for multi-gene expression enhances plant and animal synthetic biology. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1864-1871. [PMID: 38470090 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The production of compact vectors for gene stacking is hindered by a lack of effective linkers. Here, we report that a 26-nt nucleic acid linker, NAL1, from the fungus Glarea lozoyensis and its truncated derivatives could connect two genes as a bicistron, enabling independent translation in a maize protoplast transient expression system and human 293 T cells. The optimized 9-nt NAL10 linker was then used to connect four genes driven by a bidirectional promoter; this combination was successfully used to reconstruct the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in transgenic maize. The short and efficient nucleic acid linker NAL10 can be widely used in multi-gene expression and synthetic biology in animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Ma
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qun Yue
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liqing Miao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Suzhen Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Si
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rumei Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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De Zanetti L, Van Der Straeten D. 'From metabolism to metabolism': holistic considerations on B-vitamin interactions, biofortification, and deficiencies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103132. [PMID: 38669731 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the post-Green Revolution era, disparities in dietary access, rising obesity rates, demographic shifts, adoption of plant-based diets, and the impact of climate change collectively contribute to a progressive decline in dietary nutritional value, exacerbating B vitamin deficiencies across both low- and high-income countries. While the prevailing focus of biofortification has been on three micronutrients - provitamin A, iron, and zinc - utilizing conventional breeding, it is imperative to diversify biofortification strategies to combat micronutrient malnutrition. Metabolic engineering, facilitated by biotechnological tools, presents a promising avenue, contingent upon advances in fundamental knowledge, technological innovation, regulatory updates, and sustained public funding. Recognizing the intricate metabolic interplay of B vitamins in plants and humans, a comprehensive 'from metabolism to metabolism' approach is crucial for designing effective biofortification strategies that target multiple vitamins. This holistic perspective also extends beyond individual crops to encompass the entire food chain, a complex socioeconomic ecosystem that necessitates a paradigm shift, prioritizing quality over quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa De Zanetti
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Akter S, Castaneda-Méndez O, Beltrán J. Synthetic reprogramming of plant developmental and biochemical pathways. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103139. [PMID: 38691988 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology (Plant SynBio) is an emerging field with the potential to enhance agriculture, human health, and sustainability. Integrating genetic tools and engineering principles, Plant SynBio aims to manipulate cellular functions and construct novel biochemical pathways to develop plants with new phenotypic traits, enhanced yield, and be able to produce natural products and pharmaceuticals. This review compiles research efforts in reprogramming plant developmental and biochemical pathways. We highlight studies leveraging new gene expression toolkits to alter plant architecture for improved performance in model and crop systems and to produce useful metabolites in plant tissues. Furthermore, we provide insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of Plant SynBio in addressing complex issues impacting agriculture and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammi Akter
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Oscar Castaneda-Méndez
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Jesús Beltrán
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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Teng D, Liu D, Khashaveh A, Lv B, Sun P, Geng T, Cui H, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Engineering DMNT emission in cotton enhances direct and indirect defense against mirid bugs. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00212-1. [PMID: 38806097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an important herbivore-induced plant volatile, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) is known for its defensive role against multiple insect pests, including attracting natural enemies. A terpene synthase (GhTPS14) and two cytochrome P450 (GhCYP82L1, GhCYP82L2) enzymes are involved in the de novo synthesis of DMNT in cotton. We conducted a study to test the potential of manipulating DMNT-synthesizing enzymes to enhance plant resistance to insects. OBJECTIVES To manipulate DMNT emissions in cotton and generate cotton lines with increased resistance to mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. METHODS Biosynthesis and emission of DMNT by cotton plants were altered using CRISPR/Cas9 and overexpression approaches. Dynamic headspace sampling and GC-MS analysis were used to collect, identify and quantify volatiles. The attractiveness and suitability of cotton lines against mirid bug and its parasitoid Peristenus spretus were evaluated through various assays. RESULTS No DMNT emission was detected in knockout CAS-L1L2 line, where both GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2 were knocked out. In contrast, gene-overexpressed lines released higher amounts of DMNT when infested by A. lucorum. At the flowering stage, L114 (co-overexpressing GhCYP82L1 and GhTPS14) emitted 10-15-fold higher amounts than controls. DMNT emission in overexpressed transgenic lines could be triggered by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Apolygus lucorum and its parasitoid were far less attracted to the double edited CAS-L1L2 plants, however, co-overexpressed line L114 significantly attracted bugs and female wasps. A high dose of DMNT, comparable to the emission of L114, significantly inhibited the growth of A. lucorum, and further resulted in higher mortalities. CONCLUSION Turning down DMNT emission attenuated the behavioral preferences of A. lucorum to cotton. Genetically modified cotton plants with elevated DMNT emission not only recruited parasitoids to enhance indirect defense, but also formed an ecological trap to kill the bugs. Therefore, manipulation of DMNT biosynthesis and emission in plants presents a promising strategy for controlling mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Geng
- National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- Biocentury Transgene (China) Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhu G, Zhu H. Developing carotenoids-enhanced tomato fruit with multi-transgene stacking strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108575. [PMID: 38554536 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
As natural dominant pigments, carotenoids and their derivatives not only contribute to fruit color and flavor quality but are regarded as phytochemicals beneficial to human health because of various bioactivities. Tomato is one of the most important vegetables as well as a main dietary source of carotenoids. So, it's of great importance to generate carotenoid-biofortified tomatoes. The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is a network co-regulated by multiple enzymes and regulatory genes. Here, we assembled four binary constructs containing different combinations of four endogenous carotenoids metabolic-related genes, including SlORHis, SlDXS, SlPSY, and SlBHY by using a high efficiency multi-transgene stacking system and a series of fruit-specific promotors. Transgenic lines overexpression SlORHis alone, three genes (SlORHis/SlDXS/SlPSY), two genes (SlORHis/SlBHY), and all these four genes (SlORHis/SlDXS/SlPSY/SlBHY) were enriched with carotenoids to varying degrees. Notably, overexpressing SlORHis alone showed comparable effects with simultaneous overexpression of the key regulatory enzyme coding genes SlDXS, SlPSY, and SlORHis in promoting carotenoid accumulation. Downstream carotenoid derivatives zeaxanthin and violaxanthin were detected only in lines containing SlBHY. In addition, the sugar content and total antioxidant capacity of these carotenoids-enhanced tomatoes was also increased. These data provided useful information for the future developing of biofortified tomatoes with different carotenoid profiles, and confirmed a promising system for generation of nutrients biofortified tomatoes by multiple engineering genes stacking strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Guoning Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Sichuan Advanced Agricultural & Industrial Institute, China Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611430, Sichuan, PR China.
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Li B, Sun C, Li J, Gao C. Targeted genome-modification tools and their advanced applications in crop breeding. Nat Rev Genet 2024:10.1038/s41576-024-00720-2. [PMID: 38658741 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Crop improvement by genome editing involves the targeted alteration of genes to improve plant traits, such as stress tolerance, disease resistance or nutritional content. Techniques for the targeted modification of genomes have evolved from generating random mutations to precise base substitutions, followed by insertions, substitutions and deletions of small DNA fragments, and are finally starting to achieve precision manipulation of large DNA segments. Recent developments in base editing, prime editing and other CRISPR-associated systems have laid a solid technological foundation to enable plant basic research and precise molecular breeding. In this Review, we systematically outline the technological principles underlying precise and targeted genome-modification methods. We also review methods for the delivery of genome-editing reagents in plants and outline emerging crop-breeding strategies based on targeted genome modification. Finally, we consider potential future developments in precise genome-editing technologies, delivery methods and crop-breeding approaches, as well as regulatory policies for genome-editing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshu Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zheng L, Zhang J, He H, Meng Z, Wang Y, Guo S, Liang C. Anthocyanin gene enrichment in the distal region of cotton chromosome A07: mechanisms of reproductive organ coloration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1381071. [PMID: 38699538 PMCID: PMC11063239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1381071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites like anthocyanins is often governed by metabolic gene clusters (MGCs) in the plant ancestral genome. However, the existence of gene clusters specifically regulating anthocyanin accumulation in certain organs is not well understood. Methods and results In this study, we identify MGCs linked to the coloration of cotton reproductive organs, such as petals, spots, and fibers. Through genetic analysis and map-based cloning, we pinpointed key genes on chromosome A07, such as PCC/GhTT19, which is involved in anthocyanin transport, and GbBM and GhTT2-3A, which are associated with the regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate the coordinated control of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pathways, highlighting the evolutionary significance of MGCs in plant adaptation. The conservation of these clusters in cotton chromosome A07 across species underscores their importance in reproductive development and color variation. Our study sheds light on the complex biosynthesis and transport mechanisms for plant pigments, emphasizing the role of transcription factors and transport proteins in pigment accumulation. Discussion This research offers insights into the genetic basis of color variation in cotton reproductive organs and the potential of MGCs to enhance our comprehension of plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Wu X, Yang M, Liu C, Kuang R, He H, Zhou C, Wei Y. Transcriptome, Plant Hormone, and Metabolome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Purple Pericarp Formation in 'Zihui' Papaya ( Carica papaya L.). Molecules 2024; 29:1485. [PMID: 38611765 PMCID: PMC11013584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The color of the pericarp is a crucial characteristic that influences the marketability of papaya fruit. Prior to ripening, normal papaya exhibits a green pericarp, whereas the cultivar 'Zihui' displays purple ring spots on the fruit tip, which significantly affects the fruit's visual appeal. To understand the mechanism behind the formation of purple pericarp, this study performed a thorough examination of the transcriptome, plant hormone, and metabolome. Based on the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system, a total of 35 anthocyanins and 11 plant hormones were identified, with 27 anthocyanins and two plant hormones exhibiting higher levels of abundance in the purple pericarp. In the purple pericarp, 14 anthocyanin synthesis genes were up-regulated, including CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'5'H, F3'H, ANS, OMT, and CYP73A. Additionally, through co-expression network analysis, three MYBs were identified as potential key regulators of anthocyanin synthesis by controlling genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis. As a result, we have identified numerous key genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis and developed new insights into how the purple pericarp of papaya is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chenping Zhou
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.W.)
| | - Yuerong Wei
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.W.)
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11
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Zhao Y, Hu J, Zhou Z, Li L, Zhang X, He Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Hong G. Biofortified Rice Provides Rich Sakuranetin in Endosperm. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:19. [PMID: 38430431 PMCID: PMC10908774 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Sakuranetin plays a key role as a phytoalexin in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and possesses diverse health-promoting benefits. However, mature rice seeds do not contain detectable levels of sakuranetin. In the present study, a transgenic rice plant was developed in which the promoter of an endosperm-specific glutelin gene OsGluD-1 drives the expression of a specific enzyme naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase (NOMT) for sakuranetin biosynthesis. The presence of naringenin, which serves as the biosynthetic precursor of sakuranetin made this modification feasible in theory. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) validated that the seeds of transgenic rice accumulated remarkable sakuranetin at the mature stage, and higher at the filling stage. In addition, the panicle blast resistance of transgenic rice was significantly higher than that of the wild type. Specially, the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging was performed to detect the content and spatial distribution of sakuranetin and other nutritional metabolites in transgenic rice seeds. Notably, this genetic modification also did not change the nutritional and quality indicators such as soluble sugars, total amino acids, total flavonoids, amylose, total protein, and free amino acid content in rice. Meanwhile, the phenotypes of the transgenic plant during the whole growth and developmental periods and agricultural traits such as grain width, grain length, and 1000-grain weight exhibited no significant differences from the wild type. Collectively, the study provides a conceptual advance on cultivating sakuranetin-rich biofortified rice by metabolic engineering. This new breeding idea may not only enhance the disease resistance of cereal crop seeds but also improve the nutritional value of grains for human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jitao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Wang L, Zhao J, Mao Y, Liu L, Li C, Wu H, Zhao H, Wu Q. Tartary buckwheat rutin: Accumulation, metabolic pathways, regulation mechanisms, and biofortification strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108503. [PMID: 38484679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Rutin is a significant flavonoid with strong antioxidant property and various therapeutic effects. It plays a crucial role in disease prevention and human health maintenance, especially in anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and cardiovascular effects. While many plants can synthesize and accumulate rutin, tartary buckwheat is the only food crop possessing high levels of rutin. At present, the rutin content (RC) is regarded as the key index for evaluating the nutritional quality of tartary buckwheat. Consequently, rutin has become the focus for tartary buckwheat breeders and has made considerable progress. Here, we summarize research on the rutin in tartary buckwheat in the past two decades, including its accumulation, biosynthesis and breakdown pathways, and regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to increase the RC in tartary buckwheat seeds based on current knowledge. This review aims to provide valuable references for elevating the quality of tartary buckwheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yuanbin Mao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Linling Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Huala Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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13
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Li X, Luo X, Liu Z, Wang C, Lin A, Xiao K, Cao M, Fan J, Lian H, Xu P. FvDFR2 rather than FvDFR1 play key roles for anthocyanin synthesis in strawberry petioles. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111960. [PMID: 38103695 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of anthocyanins can be found in both the fruit and petioles of strawberries, but the fruit appears red while the petioles appear purple-red. Additionally, in the white-fruited diploid strawberries, the petioles can accumulate anthocyanins normally, suggesting a different synthesis pattern between the petioles and fruits. We screened the EMS mutagenized population of a red-fruited diploid strawberry 'Ruegen' and discovered a mutant which showed no anthocyanin accumulation in the petioles but normal accumulation in the fruit. Through BSA sequencing and allelic test, it was found that a mutation in FvDFR2 was responsible for this phenotype. Furthermore, the complex formed by the interaction between the petiole-specific FvMYB10L and FvTT8 only binds the promoter of FvDFR2 but not FvDFR1, resulting in the expression of only FvDFR2 in the petiole. FvDFR2 can catalyze the conversion of DHQ and eventually the formation of cyanidin and peonidin, giving the petiole a purplish-red color. In the fruit, however, both FvDFR1 and FvDFR2 can be expressed, which can mediate the synthesis of cyanidin and pelargonidin. Our study clearly reveals different regulation of FvDFR1 and FvDFR2 in mediating anthocyanin synthesis in petioles and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Minghao Cao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Junmiao Fan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Zhao S, Fu S, Cao Z, Liu H, Huang S, Li C, Zhang Z, Yang H, Wang S, Luo J, Long T. OsUGT88C3 Encodes a UDP-Glycosyltransferase Responsible for Biosynthesis of Malvidin 3- O-Galactoside in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:697. [PMID: 38475543 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The diversity of anthocyanins is largely due to the action of glycosyltransferases, which add sugar moieties to anthocyanidins. Although a number of glycosyltransferases have been identified to glycosylate anthocyanidin in plants, the enzyme that catalyzes malvidin galactosylation remains unclear. In this study, we identified three rice varieties with different leaf color patterns, different anthocyanin accumulation patterns, and different expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (ABGs) to explore uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) responsible for biosynthesis of galactosylated malvidin. Based on correlation analysis of transcriptome data, nine candidate UGT genes coexpressed with 12 ABGs were identified (r values range from 0.27 to 1.00). Further analysis showed that the expression levels of one candidate gene, OsUGT88C3, were highly correlated with the contents of malvidin 3-O-galactoside, and recombinant OsUGT88C3 catalyzed production of malvidin 3-O-galactoside using UDP-galactose and malvidin as substrates. OsUGT88C3 was closely related to UGTs with flavone and flavonol glycosylation activities in phylogeny. Its plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif ended with glutamine. Haplotype analysis suggested that the malvidin galactosylation function of OsUGT88C3 was conserved among most of the rice germplasms. OsUGT88C3 was highly expressed in the leaf, pistil, and embryo, and its protein was located in the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. Our findings indicate that OsUGT88C3 is responsible for the biosynthesis of malvidin 3-O-galactoside in rice and provide insight into the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Zhao
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Shuying Fu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Zhenfeng Cao
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Sishu Huang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Tuan Long
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
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15
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Duan AQ, Deng YJ, Tan SS, Liu SS, Liu H, Xu ZS, Shu S, Xiong AS. DcGST1, encoding a glutathione S-transferase activated by DcMYB7, is the main contributor to anthocyanin pigmentation in purple carrot. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1069-1083. [PMID: 37947285 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The color of purple carrot taproots mainly depends on the anthocyanins sequestered in the vacuoles. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are key enzymes involved in anthocyanin transport. However, the precise mechanism of anthocyanin transport from the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the vacuoles in carrots remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the carrot genome, leading to the identification of a total of 41 DcGST genes. Among these, DcGST1 emerged as a prominent candidate, displaying a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin pigmentation in carrot taproots. It was highly expressed in the purple taproot tissues of purple carrot cultivars, while it was virtually inactive in the non-purple taproot tissues of purple and non-purple carrot cultivars. DcGST1, a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA 19 (TT19), belongs to the GSTF clade and plays a crucial role in anthocyanin transport. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we successfully knocked out DcGST1 in the solid purple carrot cultivar 'Deep Purple' ('DPP'), resulting in carrots with orange taproots. Additionally, DcMYB7, an anthocyanin activator, binds to the DcGST1 promoter, activating its expression. Compared with the expression DcMYB7 alone, co-expression of DcGST1 and DcMYB7 significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation in carrot calli. However, overexpression of DcGST1 in the two purple carrot cultivars did not change the anthocyanin accumulation pattern or significantly increase the anthocyanin content. These findings improve our understanding of anthocyanin transport mechanisms in plants, providing a molecular foundation for improving and enhancing carrot germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Qi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Facility Horticulture Research Institute of Suqian, Suqian Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Facility Horticulture Research Institute of Suqian, Suqian Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
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16
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Mackon E, Guo Y, Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon GC, Ma Y, Yao Y, Luo D, Dai X, Zhao N, Lu Y, Jandan TH, Liu P. OsGSTU34, a Bz2-like anthocyanin-related glutathione transferase transporter, is essential for rice (Oryza sativa L.) organs coloration. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 217:113896. [PMID: 37866445 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a flavonoid compound known as one of the most important chromogenic substances. They play several functions, including health promotion and sustaining plants during adverse conditions. They are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum and sequestered in the vacuole. In this work, we generated knock-out lines of OsGSTU34, a glutathione transporter's tau gene family, with no transgene line and off-target through CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and highlighted the loss of pigmentation in rice flowers, leaves, stems, shoots, and caryopsis. The anthocyanin quantification in the wild-type BLWT and mutant line BLG34-8 caryopsis showed that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G) were almost undetectable in the mutant line. A tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling proteomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the proteomic changes in the BLWT and BLG34-8. The result revealed that 1175 proteins were altered, including 408 that were down-regulated and 767 that were upregulated. The accumulation of the OsGSTU34-related protein (Q8L576), along with several anthocyanin-related proteins, was down-regulated. The enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated proteins were enriched in different pathways, among which the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis metabolites, and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Protein interaction network prediction revealed that glutathione-S-transferase (Q8L576) was connected to the proteins involved in the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, such as flavanone 3-dioxygenase 1 (Q7XM21), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase 1 (Q93VC3), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 2 (Q42982), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (P14717), chalcone synthase 1 (Q2R3A1), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 5 (Q6ZAC1). However, the expression of the most important anthocyanin biosynthesis gene was not altered, suggesting that only the transport mechanism was affected. Our findings highlight new insight into the anthocyanin pigmentation in black rice and provide new perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enerand Mackon
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University PR China.
| | - Yongqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
| | | | - Yafei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
| | - Yuhang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
| | - Dengjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University PR China.
| | - Xianggui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
| | - Neng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
| | - Tahir Hussain Jandan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
| | - Piqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
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17
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Chen T, Xie L, Wang G, Jiao J, Zhao J, Yu Q, Chen Y, Shen M, Wen H, Ou X, Xie J. Anthocyanins-natural pigment of colored rice bran: Composition and biological activities. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113722. [PMID: 38129038 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Rice by-products are a potential source of various bioactive substances with great processing potential, which are receiving increasing attention. Among them, rice bran is a by-product of rice milling, with high nutritional value and health benefits. Colored rice bran contains a large amount of anthocyanins responsible for color and bioactivities. And anthocyanins are often added to foods as a natural pigment, serving to enhance both the visual appeal and nutritional value. Recent advances in the composition and bioactivities of four common colored rice bran anthocyanins (black, purple, red, and purple red rice) are reviewed in this paper. Rice bran anthocyanins have been confirmed to exhibit biological potential for human health, with their main biological activities being antioxidant, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, retinoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-aging and anti-obesity effects. The structure of anthocyanins determines their biological activities. The anthocyanins composition of rice bran with different colors varied greatly, while that of rice bran with the same color is also slightly different, which is attributed to the rice varieties, growing environment and cropping conditions. However, it remains necessary to conduct further clinical studies to support the health activities of anthocyanins. The present review provides information value for the further development and comprehensive utilization of rice bran anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liuming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jilan Jiao
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huiliang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ou
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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18
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Liu J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Kong Y, Liu P, Fang Y, Cui M, Pei T, Zhong X, Xu P, Qiu W, Yang D, Martin C, Zhao Q. Production of species-specific anthocyanins through an inducible system in plant hairy roots. Metab Eng 2024; 81:182-196. [PMID: 38103887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widely distributed pigments in flowering plants with red, purple or blue colours. Their properties in promoting heath make anthocyanins perfect natural colourants for food additives. However, anthocyanins with strong colour and stability at neutral pH, suitable as food colourants are relatively rare in nature. Acylation increases anthocyanin stability and confers bluer colour. In this study, we isolated two anthocyanin regulators SbMyb75 and SbDel from S. baicalensis, and showed that constitutive expression of the two TFs led to accumulation of anthocyanins at high levels in black carrot hairy roots. However, these hairy roots had severe growth problems. We then developed a β-estradiol inducible system using XVE and a Lex-35S promoter, to initiate expression of the anthocyanin regulators and induced this system in hairy roots of black carrot, tobacco and morning glory. Anthocyanins with various decorations were produced in these hairy roots without any accompanying side-effects on growth. We further produced highly acylated anthocyanins with blue colour in a 5 L liquid culture in a bioreactor of hairy roots from morning glory. We provide here a strategy to produce highly decorated anthocyanins without the need for additional engineering of any of the genes encoding decorating enzymes. This strategy could be transferred to other species, with considerable potential for natural colourant production for the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yuanxiu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingmeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yumin Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Mengying Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenqing Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, China; Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Beesley A, Beyer SF, Wanders V, Levecque S, Bredenbruch S, Habash SS, Schleker ASS, Gätgens J, Oldiges M, Schultheiss H, Conrath U, Langenbach CJG. Engineered coumarin accumulation reduces mycotoxin-induced oxidative stress and disease susceptibility. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2490-2506. [PMID: 37578146 PMCID: PMC10651151 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins can fight pathogens and are thus promising for crop protection. Their biosynthesis, however, has not yet been engineered in crops. We tailored the constitutive accumulation of coumarins in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana, Glycine max and Arabidopsis thaliana plants, as well as in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. We did so by overexpressing A. thaliana feruloyl-CoA 6-hydroxylase 1 (AtF6'H1), encoding the key enzyme of scopoletin biosynthesis. Besides scopoletin and its glucoside scopolin, esculin at low level was the only other coumarin detected in transgenic cells. Mechanical damage of scopolin-accumulating tissue led to a swift release of scopoletin, presumably from the scopolin pool. High scopolin levels in A. thaliana roots coincided with reduced susceptibility to the root-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii. In addition, transgenic soybean plants were more tolerant to the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Fusarium virguliforme. Because mycotoxin-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death were reduced in the AtF6'H1-overexpressors, the weaker sensitivity to F. virguliforme may be caused by attenuated oxidative damage of coumarin-hyperaccumulating cells. Together, engineered coumarin accumulation is promising for enhanced disease resilience of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian F. Beyer
- Department of Plant PhysiologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Present address:
BASF SE, Agricultural CenterLimburgerhofGermany
| | - Verena Wanders
- Department of Plant PhysiologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Sophie Levecque
- Department of Plant PhysiologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | | | - Samer S. Habash
- Department of Molecular PhytomedicineUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
- Present address:
BASF Vegetable SeedsNunhemNetherlands
| | | | - Jochem Gätgens
- Department of Bioprocesses and BioanalyticsResearch Center Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Department of Bioprocesses and BioanalyticsResearch Center Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | | | - Uwe Conrath
- Department of Plant PhysiologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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20
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Tan J, Shen M, Chai N, Liu Q, Liu YG, Zhu Q. Genome editing for plant synthetic metabolic engineering and developmental regulation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154141. [PMID: 38016350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolism and development are a reflection of the orderly expression of genetic information intertwined with the environment interactions. Genome editing is the cornerstone for scientists to modify endogenous genes or introduce exogenous functional genes and metabolic pathways, holding immense potential applications in molecular breeding and biosynthesis. Over the course of nearly a decade of development, genome editing has advanced significantly beyond the simple cutting of double-stranded DNA, now enabling precise base and fragment replacements, regulation of gene expression and translation, as well as epigenetic modifications. However, the utilization of genome editing in plant synthetic metabolic engineering and developmental regulation remains exploratory. Here, we provide an introduction and a comprehensive overview of the editing attributes associated with various CRISPR/Cas tools, along with diverse strategies for the meticulous control of plant metabolic pathways and developments. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of current approaches and future prospects for genome editing-driven plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Tan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High-Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Mengyuan Shen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High-Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Nan Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High-Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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21
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Yao L, Wu X, Jiang X, Shan M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang A, Li Y, Yang C. Subcellular compartmentalization in the biosynthesis and engineering of plant natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108258. [PMID: 37722606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are synthesized in plant cells by enzymes that are distributed in different subcellular compartments with unique microenvironments, such as ions, co-factors and substrates. Plant metabolic engineering is an emerging and promising approach for the sustainable production of PNPs, for which the knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization of their biosynthesis is instrumental. In this review we describe the state of the art on the role of subcellular compartments in the biosynthesis of major types of PNPs, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and glucosinolates, and highlight the efforts to target biosynthetic pathways to subcellular compartments in plants. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and strategies in the field of plant synthetic biology and subcellular engineering. We expect that newly developed methods and tools, together with the knowledge gained from the microbial chassis, will greatly advance plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuoxiang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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22
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Xu H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Yang X, Lv S, Hou D, Mo C, Wassie M, Yu B, Hu T. A synthetic light-inducible photorespiratory bypass enhances photosynthesis to improve rice growth and grain yield. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100641. [PMID: 37349987 PMCID: PMC10721467 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering of photorespiratory bypasses is an effective strategy for improving plant productivity by modulating photosynthesis. In previous work, two photorespiratory bypasses, the GOC and GCGT bypasses, increased photosynthetic rates but decreased seed-setting rate in rice (Oryza sativa), probably owing to excess photosynthate accumulation in the stem. To solve this bottleneck, we successfully developed a new synthetic photorespiratory bypass (called the GMA bypass) in rice chloroplasts by introducing Oryza sativa glycolate oxidase 1 (OsGLO1), Cucurbita maxima malate synthase (CmMS), and Oryza sativa ascorbate peroxidase7 (OsAPX7) into the rice genome using a high-efficiency transgene stacking system. Unlike the GOC and GCGT bypass genes driven by constitutive promoters, OsGLO1 in GMA plants was driven by a light-inducible Rubisco small subunit promoter (pRbcS); its expression dynamically changed in response to light, producing a more moderate increase in photosynthate. Photosynthetic rates were significantly increased in GMA plants, and grain yields were significantly improved under greenhouse and field conditions. Transgenic GMA rice showed no reduction in seed-setting rate under either test condition, unlike previous photorespiratory-bypass rice, probably reflecting proper modulation of the photorespiratory bypass. Together, these results imply that appropriate engineering of the GMA bypass can enhance rice growth and grain yield without affecting seed-setting rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shufang Lv
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Dianyun Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Changru Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Misganaw Wassie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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23
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Zeng D, Jing C, Tang L, He P, Zhang J. Pyramiding stacking of multigenes (PSM): a simple, flexible and efficient multigene stacking system based on Gibson assembly and gateway cloning. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1263715. [PMID: 38026899 PMCID: PMC10668122 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1263715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering of complex metabolic pathways and multiple traits often requires the introduction of multiple genes. The construction of plasmids carrying multiple DNA fragments plays a vital role in these processes. In this study, the Gibson assembly and Gateway cloning combined Pyramiding Stacking of Multigenes (PSM) system was developed to assemble multiple transgenes into a single T-DNA. Combining the advantages of Gibson assembly and Gateway cloning, the PSM system uses an inverted pyramid stacking route and allows fast, flexible and efficient stacking of multiple genes into a binary vector. The PSM system contains two modular designed entry vectors (each containing two different attL sites and two selectable markers) and one Gateway-compatible destination vector (containing four attR sites and two negative selection markers). The target genes are primarily assembled into the entry vectors via two parallel rounds of Gibson assembly reactions. Then, the cargos in the entry constructs are integrated into the destination vector via a single tube Gateway LR reaction. To demonstrate PSM's capabilities, four and nine gene expression cassettes were respectively assembled into the destination vector to generate two binary expression vectors. The transgenic analysis of these constructs in Arabidopsis demonstrated the reliability of the constructs generated by PSM. Due to its flexibility, simplicity and versatility, PSM has great potential for genetic engineering, synthetic biology and the improvement of multiple traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zeng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Tang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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24
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Qu G, Wang K, Mu J, Zhuo J, Wang X, Li S, Ye X, Li Y, Yan Y, Li X. Identifying cis-Acting Elements Associated with the High Activity and Endosperm Specificity of the Promoters of Genes Encoding Low-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits in Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37919930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) associated with bread-baking quality and flour nutrient quality accumulate in endosperms of common wheat and related species. However, the mechanism underlying the expression regulation of genes encoding LMW-GSs has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified LMW-D2 and LMW-D7, which are highly and weakly expressed, respectively, via the analysis of RNA-sequencing data of Chinese Spring wheat and wheat transgenic lines transformed with 5' deletion promoter fragments and GUS fusion constructs. The 605-bp fragment upstream of the LMW-D2 start codon could drive high levels of GUS expression in the endosperm. The truncated endosperm box located at the -300 site resulted in the loss of LMW-D2 promoter activity, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism on the GCN4 motif was closely related to the expression of LMW-GSs. TCT and TGACG motifs, as well as the others located on the 5' distal end, might also be involved in the transcription regulation of LMW-GSs. In transgenic lines, fusion proteins of LMW-GS and GUS were deposited into protein bodies. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the transcription regulation of LMW-GSs and will contribute to the development of wheat endosperm as a bioreactor for the production of nutraceuticals, antibodies, vaccines, and medicinal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junyi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiahui Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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25
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Gao J, Li Z, Zhu B, Wang L, Xu J, Wang B, Fu X, Han H, Zhang W, Deng Y, Wang Y, Zuo Z, Peng R, Tian Y, Yao Q. Creation of Environmentally Friendly Super "Dinitrotoluene Scavenger" Plants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303785. [PMID: 37715295 PMCID: PMC10602510 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Pervasive environmental contamination due to the uncontrolled dispersal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) represents a substantial global health risk, demanding urgent intervention for the removal of this detrimental compound from affected sites and the promotion of ecological restoration. Conventional methodologies, however, are energy-intensive, susceptible to secondary pollution, and may inadvertently increase carbon emissions. In this study, a 2,4-DNT degradation module is designed, assembled, and validated in rice plants. Consequently, the modified rice plants acquire the ability to counteract the phytotoxicity of 2,4-DNT. The most significant finding of this study is that these modified rice plants can completely degrade 2,4-DNT into innocuous substances and subsequently introduce them into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Further, research reveals that the modified rice plants enable the rapid phytoremediation of 2,4-DNT-contaminated soil. This innovative, eco-friendly phytoremediation approach for dinitrotoluene-contaminated soil and water demonstrates significant potential across diverse regions, substantially contributing to carbon neutrality and sustainable development objectives by repurposing carbon and energy from organic contaminants.
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26
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Mackon E, Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon GC, Yao Y, Guo Y, Ma Y, Dai X, Jandan TH, Liu P. Integrative HPLC profiling and transcriptome analysis revealed insights into anthocyanin accumulation and key genes at three developmental stages of black rice ( Oryza sativa. L) caryopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1211326. [PMID: 37727854 PMCID: PMC10505814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Anthocyanins are plants' secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid class with potential health-promoting properties. They are greatly employed in the food industry as natural alternative food colorants for dairy and ready-to-eat desserts and pH indicators. These tremendous advantages make them economically important with increasing market trends. Black rice is a rich source of anthocyanin that can be used to ensure food and nutritional security around the world. However, research on anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression during rice caryopsis development is lacking. Methods In this study, we combined high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and transcriptome analysis to profile the changes in anthocyanin content and gene expression dynamics at three developmental stages (milky, doughy, and mature). Results Our results showed that anthocyanin accumulation started to be visible seven days after flowering (DAF), increased rapidly from milky (11 DAF) to dough stage, then started decreasing after the peak was attained at 18 DAF. RNA-seq showed that 519 out of 14889, 477 out of 17914, and 1614 out of 18810 genes were uniquely expressed in the milky, doughy, and mature stages, respectively. We performed three pairwise comparisons: milky vs. dough, milky vs. mature, and dough vs. mature, and identified 6753, 9540, and 2531 DEGs, respectively. The DEGs' abundance was higher in milky vs. mature, with 5527 up-regulated genes and 4013 down-regulated genes, while it was smaller in dough vs. mature, with 1419 up-regulated genes and 1112 down-regulated DEGs. This result was consistent with the changes in anthocyanin profiling, and the expression of structural, regulatory, and transporter genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis showed their highest expression at the dough stage. Through the gene expression profile and protein interaction network, we deciphered six main contributors of the anthocyanin peak observed at dough stage, including OsANS, OsDFR, OsGSTU34, OsMYB3, OsbHLH015, and OsWD40-50. Discussion This study is the first to report the investigation of anthocyanin and gene expression at three developmental stages of black rice caryopsis. The findings of this study could aid in predicting the best harvesting time to achieve maximum anthocyanin content and the best time to collect samples for various gene expression analysis, laying the groundwork for future research into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice caryopsis coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enerand Mackon
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Yuhang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yafei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianggui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tahir Hussain Jandan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Piqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Jiang L, Gao Y, Han L, Zhang W, Fan P. Designing plant flavonoids: harnessing transcriptional regulation and enzyme variation to enhance yield and diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220062. [PMID: 37575923 PMCID: PMC10420081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful and promising approach to enhance the production of value-added metabolites in plants. Flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, offer numerous health benefits and have attracted attention for their potential use in plant-based products. However, achieving high yields of specific flavonoids remains challenging due to the complex and diverse metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis. In recent years, synthetic biology approaches leveraging transcription factors and enzyme diversity have demonstrated promise in enhancing flavonoid yields and expanding their production repertoire. This review delves into the latest research progress in flavonoid metabolic engineering, encompassing the identification and manipulation of transcription factors and enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the deployment of synthetic biology tools for designing metabolic pathways. This review underscores the importance of employing carefully-selected transcription factors to boost plant flavonoid production and harnessing enzyme promiscuity to broaden flavonoid diversity or streamline the biosynthetic steps required for effective metabolic engineering. By harnessing the power of synthetic biology and a deeper understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis, future researchers can potentially transform the landscape of plant-based product development across the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, ultimately benefiting consumers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiqin Han
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiang Fan
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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Brooks EG, Elorriaga E, Liu Y, Duduit JR, Yuan G, Tsai CJ, Tuskan GA, Ranney TG, Yang X, Liu W. Plant Promoters and Terminators for High-Precision Bioengineering. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2023; 5:0013. [PMID: 37849460 PMCID: PMC10328392 DOI: 10.34133/bdr.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High-precision bioengineering and synthetic biology require fine-tuning gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Gene transcription is tightly regulated by promoters and terminators. Promoters determine the timing, tissues and cells, and levels of the expression of genes. Terminators mediate transcription termination of genes and affect mRNA levels posttranscriptionally, e.g., the 3'-end processing, stability, translation efficiency, and nuclear to cytoplasmic export of mRNAs. The promoter and terminator combination affects gene expression. In the present article, we review the function and features of plant core promoters, proximal and distal promoters, and terminators, and their effects on and benchmarking strategies for regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Brooks
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Estefania Elorriaga
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - James R. Duduit
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resource, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Thomas G. Ranney
- Mountain Crop Improvement Lab, Department of Horticultural Science, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, North Carolina State University, Mills River, NC 28759, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resource, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Zheng K, Wu X, Xue X, Li W, Wang Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Qiao F, Zhao H, Zhang F, Han S. Transcriptome Screening of Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Target Protein-Coding Genes Unmasks a Dynamic Portrait of Seed Coat Coloration Associated with Anthocyanins in Tibetan Hulless Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10587. [PMID: 37445765 PMCID: PMC10341697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plants have the capability to accumulate anthocyanins for coloration, and anthocyanins are advantageous to human health. In the case of hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum), investigation into the mechanism of anthocyanin formation is limited to the level of protein-coding genes (PCGs). Here, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to identify a total of 9414 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the seed coats of purple and white hulless barley along a developmental gradient. Transcriptome-wide profiles of lncRNAs documented several properties, including GC content fluctuation, uneven length, a diverse range of exon numbers, and a wide variety of transcript classifications. We found that certain lncRNAs in hulless barley possess detectable sequence conservation with Hordeum vulgare and other monocots. Furthermore, both differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and PCGs (DEPCGs) were concentrated in the later seed development stages. On the one hand, DElncRNAs could potentially cis-regulate DEPCGs associated with multiple metabolic pathways, including flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis in the late milk and soft dough stages. On the other hand, there was an opportunity for trans-regulated lncRNAs in the color-forming module to affect seed coat color by upregulating PCGs in the anthocyanin pathway. In addition, the interweaving of hulless barley lncRNAs and diverse TFs may function in seed coat coloration. Notably, we depicted a dynamic portrait of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway containing hulless barley lncRNAs. Therefore, this work provides valuable gene resources and more insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation in hulless barley from the perspective of lncRNAs, which facilitate the development of molecular design breeding in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaozhuo Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (X.W.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.)
| | - Xiuhua Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wanjie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zitao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (X.W.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.)
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (X.W.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.)
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (X.W.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.)
| | - Feng Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (X.W.); (Z.W.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.)
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (H.Z.)
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability of the People’s Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
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30
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Mackon E, Mackon GCJDE, Guo Y, Ma Y, Yao Y, Liu P. Development and Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to Improve Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Plants: Opportunities and Perspectives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111746. [PMID: 37230190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, the novel technology of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has greatly contributed to revolutionizing molecular biology. It has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for identifying gene function and improving some important traits. Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites responsible for a wide spectrum of aesthetic coloration in various plant organs and are beneficial for health. As such, increasing anthocyanin content in plants, especially the edible tissue and organs, is always a main goal for plant breeding. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been highly desired to enhance the amount of anthocyanin in vegetables, fruits, cereals, and other attractive plants with more precision. Here we reviewed the recent knowledge concerning CRISPR/Cas9-mediated anthocyanin enhancement in plants. In addition, we addressed the future avenues of promising potential target genes that could be helpful for achieving the same goal using CRISPR/Cas9 in several plants. Thus, molecular biologists, genetic engineers, agricultural scientists, plant geneticists, and physiologists may benefit from CRISPR technology to boost the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, roots, and ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enerand Mackon
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University.
| | | | - Yongqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Yafei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Yuhang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
| | - Piqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R. China.
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31
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Zheng P, Ge J, Ji J, Zhong J, Chen H, Luo D, Li W, Bi B, Ma Y, Tong W, Han L, Ma S, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhao Y, Pan R, Fan P, Lu M, Du H. Metabolic engineering and mechanical investigation of enhanced plant autoluminescence. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 37155328 PMCID: PMC10363767 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) was identified from glowing fungi, which releases self-sustained visible green luminescence. However, weak bioluminescence limits the potential application of the bioluminescence system. Here, we screened and characterized a C3'H1 (4-coumaroyl shikimate/quinate 3'-hydroxylase) gene from Brassica napus, which efficiently converts p-coumaroyl shikimate to caffeic acid and hispidin. Simultaneous expression of BnC3'H1 and NPGA (null-pigment mutant in A. nidulans) produces more caffeic acid and hispidin as the natural precursor of luciferin and significantly intensifies the original fungal bioluminescence pathway (oFBP). Thus, we successfully created enhanced FBP (eFBP) plants emitting 3 × 1011 photons/min/cm2 , sufficient to illuminate its surroundings and visualize words clearly in the dark. The glowing plants provide sustainable and bio-renewable illumination for the naked eyes, and manifest distinct responses to diverse environmental conditions via caffeic acid biosynthesis pathway. Importantly, we revealed that the biosynthesis of caffeic acid and hispidin in eFBP plants derived from the sugar pathway, and the inhibitors of the energy production system significantly reduced the luminescence signal rapidly from eFBP plants, suggesting that the FBP system coupled with the luciferin metabolic flux functions in an energy-driven way. These findings lay the groundwork for genetically creating stronger eFBP plants and developing more powerful biological tools with the FBP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Ge
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Ji
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingling Zhong
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daren Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Bi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Ma
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanghui Tong
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiqin Han
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Ma
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiang Fan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Du
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Narayanan Z, Glick BR. Biotechnologically Engineered Plants. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040601. [PMID: 37106801 PMCID: PMC10135915 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of recombinant DNA technology during the past thirty years has enabled scientists to isolate, characterize, and manipulate a myriad of different animal, bacterial, and plant genes. This has, in turn, led to the commercialization of hundreds of useful products that have significantly improved human health and well-being. Commercially, these products have been mostly produced in bacterial, fungal, or animal cells grown in culture. More recently, scientists have begun to develop a wide range of transgenic plants that produce numerous useful compounds. The perceived advantage of producing foreign compounds in plants is that compared to other methods of producing these compounds, plants seemingly provide a much less expensive means of production. A few plant-produced compounds are already commercially available; however, many more are in the production pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareen Narayanan
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of STEM, University of Washington, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
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33
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Ge X, Wang P, Wang Y, Wei X, Chen Y, Li F. Development of an eco-friendly pink cotton germplasm by engineering betalain biosynthesis pathway. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:674-676. [PMID: 36565016 PMCID: PMC10037144 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ge
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Xi Wei
- Henan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyXinxiangChina
| | - Yanli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
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34
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Shi T, Gao Y, Xu A, Wang R, Lyu M, Sun Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Luo R, Wang H, Liu J. A fast breeding strategy creates fragrance- and anthocyanin-enriched rice lines by marker-free gene-editing and hybridization. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:23. [PMID: 37313528 PMCID: PMC10248702 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As rice is a staple food for nearly half of the world's population, rice varieties with excellent agronomic traits as well as high flavor and nutritional quality such as fragrant rice and purple rice are naturally favored by the market. In the current study, we adopt a fast breeding strategy to improve the aroma and anthocyanin content in the excellent rice inbred line, F25. The strategy skillfully used the advantages of obtaining editing pure lines in T0 generation of CRISPR/Cas9 editing system and easy observation of purple character and grain shape, integrated the subsequent screening of non-transgenic lines, and the elimination of undesirable edited variants from gene-editing and cross-breeding at the same time as the separation of the progeny from the purple cross, thus expediting the breeding process. Compared with conventional breeding strategies, this strategy saves about 6-8 generations and reduces breeding costs. Firstly, we edited the OsBADH2 gene associated with rice flavor using an Agrobacterium-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system to improve the aroma of F25. In the T0 generation, a homozygous OsBADH2-edited F25 line (F25B) containing more of the scented substance 2-AP was obtained. Then, we crossed F25B (♀) with a purple rice inbred line, P351 (♂), with high anthocyanin enrichment to improve the anthocyanin content of F25. After nearly 2.5 years of screening and identification over five generations, the undesirable variation characteristics caused by gene-editing and hybridization and the transgenic components were screened out. Finally, the improved F25 line with highly stable aroma component, 2-AP, increased anthocyanin content and no exogenous transgenic components were obtained. This study not only provides high-quality aromatic anthocyanin rice lines that meet the market demand, but also offers a reference for the comprehensive use of CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology, hybridization, and marker-assisted selection to accelerate multi-trait improvement and breeding process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01369-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Shi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ying Gao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Andi Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Mingjie Lyu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300112 China
| | - Yinglu Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Luoying Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392 China
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Rong Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, 610213 Sichuan China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
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Kapoor P, Sharma S, Tiwari A, Kaur S, Kumari A, Sonah H, Goyal A, Krishania M, Garg M. Genome–Transcriptome Transition Approaches to Characterize Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Pathway Genes in Blue, Black and Purple Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040809. [PMID: 37107567 PMCID: PMC10137985 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colored wheat has gained enormous attention from the scientific community, but the information available on the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes is very minimal. The study involved their genome-wide identification, in silico characterization and differential expression analysis among purple, blue, black and white wheat lines. The recently released wheat genome mining putatively identified eight structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway with a total of 1194 isoforms. Genes showed distinct exon architecture, domain profile, regulatory elements, chromosome emplacement, tissue localization, phylogeny and synteny, indicative of their unique function. RNA sequencing of developing seeds from colored (black, blue and purple) and white wheats identified differential expressions in 97 isoforms. The F3H on group two chromosomes and F3′5′H on 1D chromosomes could be significant influencers in purple and blue color development, respectively. Apart from a role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, these putative structural genes also played an important role in light, drought, low temperature and other defense responses. The information can assist in targeted anthocyanin production in the wheat seed endosperm.
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36
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Gao JG, Zhu XG. The legacies of the "Father of Hybrid Rice" and the seven representative achievements of Chinese rice research: A pioneering perspective towards sustainable development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087768. [PMID: 37025150 PMCID: PMC10070957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The "Father of Hybrid Rice", Yuan Longping, created high-yield hybrid rice that can feed tens of millions of people annually. The research achievements of Yuan and his team on low cadmium-accumulating rice and sea rice, in addition to hybrid rice, as well as those of a large number of Chinese scientists engaged in rice research in other six areas, including the rice genome, purple endosperm rice, de novo domestication of tetraploid rice, perennial rice, rice blast disease, and key genes for high nitrogen use efficiency, play an important role in promoting the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 12. The purpose of this review is not to elaborate on the details of each research, but to innovatively summarize the significance and inspiration of these achievements to ensure global food security and achieve sustainable agriculture. In the future, cultivating new rice varieties through modern biotechnology, such as genome editing, will not only reduce hunger, but potentially reduce human-land conflicts, improve the environment, and mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Gao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Heterologous mogrosides biosynthesis in cucumber and tomato by genetic manipulation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:191. [PMID: 36805532 PMCID: PMC9938114 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mogrosides are widely used as high-value natural zero-calorie sweeteners that exhibit an array of biological activities and allow for vegetable flavour breeding by modern molecular biotechnology. In this study, we developed an In-fusion based gene stacking strategy for transgene stacking and a multi-gene vector harbouring 6 mogrosides biosynthesis genes and transformed it into Cucumis sativus and Lycopersicon esculentum. Here we show that transgenic cucumber can produce mogroside V and siamenoside I at 587 ng/g FW and 113 ng/g FW, respectively, and cultivated transgenic tomato with mogroside III. This study provides a strategy for vegetable flavour improvement, paving the way for heterologous biosynthesis of mogrosides.
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38
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Molecular bases of rice grain size and quality for optimized productivity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:314-350. [PMID: 36710151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The accomplishment of further optimization of crop productivity in grain yield and quality is a great challenge. Grain size is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality; all of these traits are typical quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Research advances have revealed several molecular and developmental pathways that govern these traits of agronomical importance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of these pathways, including those mediated by G-protein, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phytohormone, transcriptional regulators, and storage product biosynthesis and accumulation. We also generalize the excellent precedents for rice variety improvement of grain size and quality, which utilize newly developed gene editing and conventional gene pyramiding capabilities. In addition, we discuss the rational and accurate breeding strategies, with the aim of better applying molecular design to breed high-yield and superior-quality varieties.
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MYC2: A Master Switch for Plant Physiological Processes and Specialized Metabolite Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043511. [PMID: 36834921 PMCID: PMC9963318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays important roles in plant defenses, development, and the synthesis of specialized metabolites synthesis. Transcription factor MYC2 is a major regulator of the JA signaling pathway and is involved in the regulation of plant physiological processes and specialized metabolite synthesis. Based on our understanding of the mechanism underlying the regulation of specialized metabolite synthesis in plants by the transcription factor MYC2, the use of synthetic biology approaches to design MYC2-driven chassis cells for the synthesis of specialized metabolites with high medicinal value, such as paclitaxel, vincristine, and artemisinin, seems to be a promising strategy. In this review, the regulatory role of MYC2 in JA signal transduction of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant growth, development and specialized metabolite synthesis is described in detail, which will provide valuable reference for the use of MYC2 molecular switches to regulate plant specialized metabolite biosynthesis.
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Luo W, Tan J, Li T, Feng Z, Ding Z, Xie X, Chen Y, Chen L, Liu YG, Zhu Q, Guo J. Overexpression of maize GOLDEN2 in rice and maize calli improves regeneration by activating chloroplast development. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:340-349. [PMID: 35982378 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Golden2 (G2), a member of the GARP transcription factor superfamily, regulates several biological processes and phytohormone signaling pathways in plants. In this study, we used a rice codon-optimized maize G2 gene (rZmG2) to improve the regeneration efficiency of rice and maize calli for genetic transformation. We isolated a promoter driving strong and callus-specific expression from rice to drive rZmG2 transcription from a transgene after transformation of two indica and two japonica rice cultivars. The resulting rZmG2 transgenic calli turned green in advance at the differentiation stage, thus significantly raising the regeneration rates of the transgenic indica and japonica rice plants relative to control transformations. Similar effect of this gene on improving maize transformation was also observed. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses showed that many rice genes related to chloroplast development and phytohormones are upregulated in rZmG2-transgenic calli. These results demonstrate that rZmG2 can promote embryogenic callus differentiation and improve regeneration efficiency by activating chloroplast development and phytohormone pathways. We also established a heat-inducible Cre/loxP-based gene-excision system to remove rZmG2 and the antibiotic selectable gene after obtaining the transgenic plants. This study provides a useful tool for functional genomics work and biotechnology in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanni Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziting Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianrong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuanling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jinxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Liu X, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Huang AC. Making small molecules in plants: A chassis for synthetic biology-based production of plant natural products. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:417-443. [PMID: 35852486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been extensively exploited in food, medicine, flavor, cosmetic, renewable fuel, and other industrial sectors. Synthetic biology has recently emerged as a promising means for the cost-effective and sustainable production of natural products. Compared with engineering microbes for the production of plant natural products, the potential of plants as chassis for producing these compounds is underestimated, largely due to challenges encountered in engineering plants. Knowledge in plant engineering is instrumental for enabling the effective and efficient production of valuable phytochemicals in plants, and also paves the way for a more sustainable future agriculture. In this manuscript, we briefly recap the biosynthesis of plant natural products, focusing primarily on industrially important terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. We further summarize the plant hosts and strategies that have been used to engineer the production of natural products. The challenges and opportunities of using plant synthetic biology to achieve rapid and scalable production of high-value plant natural products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Chai Q, Wang X, Gao M, Zhao X, Chen Y, Zhang C, Jiang H, Wang J, Wang Y, Zheng M, Baltaevich AM, Zhao J, Zhao J. A glutathione S-transferase GhTT19 determines flower petal pigmentation via regulating anthocyanin accumulation in cotton. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:433-448. [PMID: 36385569 PMCID: PMC9884026 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulations in the flowers can improve seed production of hybrid lines, and produce higher commodity value in cotton fibre. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the anthocyanin pigmentation in cotton petals is poorly understood. Here, we showed that the red petal phenotype was introgressed from Gossypium bickii through recombination with the segment containing the R3 bic region in the A07 chromosome of Gossypium hirsutum variety LR compared with the near-isogenic line of LW with white flower petals. The cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) was the major anthocyanin in red petals of cotton. A GhTT19 encoding a TT19-like GST was mapped to the R3 bic site associated with red petals via map-based cloning, but GhTT19 homologue gene from the D genome was not expressed in G. hirsutum. Intriguingly, allelic variations in the promoters between GhTT19LW and GhTT19LR , rather than genic regions, were found as genetic causal of petal colour variations. GhTT19-GFP was found localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and tonoplast for facilitating anthocyanin transport. An additional MYB binding element found only in the promoter of GhTT19LR , but not in that of GhTT19LW , enhanced its transactivation by the MYB activator GhPAP1. The transgenic analysis confirmed the function of GhTT19 in regulating the red flower phenotype in cotton. The essential light signalling component GhHY5 bonded to and activated the promoter of GhPAP1, and the GhHY5-GhPAP1 module together regulated GhTT19 expression to mediate the light-activation of petal anthocyanin pigmentation in cotton. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms for anthocyanin accumulation and may lay a foundation for faster genetic improvement of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chai
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Mingwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xuecheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Yongcui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Meina Zheng
- College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ahmedov Miraziz Baltaevich
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Junsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
- College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
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Zhang P, Zhu H. Anthocyanins in Plant Food: Current Status, Genetic Modification, and Future Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020866. [PMID: 36677927 PMCID: PMC9863750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring polyphenolic pigments that give food varied colors. Because of their high antioxidant activities, the consumption of anthocyanins has been associated with the benefit of preventing various chronic diseases. However, due to natural evolution or human selection, anthocyanins are found only in certain species. Additionally, the insufficient levels of anthocyanins in the most common foods also limit the optimal benefits. To solve this problem, considerable work has been done on germplasm improvement of common species using novel gene editing or transgenic techniques. This review summarized the recent advances in the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and focused on the progress in using the CRISPR/Cas gene editing or multigene overexpression methods to improve plant food anthocyanins content. In response to the concerns of genome modified food, the future trends in developing anthocyanin-enriched plant food by using novel transgene or marker-free genome modified technologies are discussed. We hope to provide new insights and ideas for better using natural products like anthocyanins to promote human health.
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Tariq H, Asif S, Andleeb A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Flavonoid Production: Current Trends in Plant Metabolic Engineering and De Novo Microbial Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010124. [PMID: 36677049 PMCID: PMC9864322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
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Ye S, Ding W, Bai W, Lu J, Zhou L, Ma X, Zhu Q. Application of a novel strong promoter from Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolate) in the CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing of its protoplasts and transgenesis of rice and poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1179394. [PMID: 37152166 PMCID: PMC10157052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1179394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel constitutive promoters are essential for plant biotechnology. Although in angiosperms, a number of promoters were applied in monocots or dicots genetic engineering, only a few promoters were used in gymnosperm. Here we identified two strong promoters (Cula11 and Cula08) from Chinese fir (C. lanceolate) by screening the transcriptomic data and preliminary promoter activity assays in tobacco. By using the newly established Chinese fir protoplast transient expression technology that enables in vivo molecular biology studies in its homologous system, we compared the activities of Cula11 and Cula08 with that of the commonly used promoters in genetic engineering of monocots or dicots, such as CaM35S, CmYLCV, and ZmUbi, and our results revealed that Cula11 and Cula08 promoters have stronger activities in Chinese fir protoplasts. Furthermore, the vector containing Cas gene driven by Cula11 promoter and sgRNA driven by the newly isolated CulaU6b polyIII promoters were introduced into Chinese fir protoplasts, and CRISPR/Cas mediated gene knock-out event was successfully achieved. More importantly, compared with the commonly used promoters in the genetic engineering in angiosperms, Cula11 promoter has much stronger activity than CaM35S promoter in transgenic poplar, and ZmUbi promoter in transgenic rice, respectively, indicating its potential application in poplar and rice genetic engineering. Overall, the novel putative constitutive gene promoters reported here will have great potential application in gymnosperm and angiosperm biotechnology, and the transient gene expression system established here will serve as a useful tool for the molecular and genetic analyses of Chinese fir genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Xiangqing Ma, ; Qiang Zhu,
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Metabolites Associated with the Main Nutrients in Two Varieties of Purple Rice Processed to Polished Rice. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010007. [PMID: 36676931 PMCID: PMC9867293 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the same nitrogen fertilizer and cultivation conditions, the nutrients of rice are strongly affected during the processing of brown rice to polished rice, especially in special rice varieties. In this study, twenty-two amino acids in brown and polished rice of two purple rice varieties were quantified using targeted metabolomics, and the relationships among the main nutrients, mineral elements and metabolites were analysed. The results showed that the amino acid levels in YZN1_H (polished rice of Yangzinuo No. 1) and YZN2_H (polished rice of Yangzinuo No. 2) decreased to different degrees compared with those in YZN1_B (brown rice of Yangzinuo No. 1) and YZN2_B (brown rice of Yangzinuo No. 2). Citric acid is closely associated with amino acids. The total sugar (TS), ATP, and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) levels in YZN1_B decreased by 9.37%, 53.85%, and 75.71%, respectively, compared with those in YZN1_H. The TS, ATP, and SDF levels in YZN2_B decreased significantly by 6.92%, 21.03%, and 76.78%, respectively, compared with those in YZN2_H. Citric acid was significantly negatively correlated with ATP and SDF but significantly positively correlated with carotenoids. The Se content in YZN1_H was significantly higher than that in YZN1_B by 87.02%. The Se content in YZN2_H was significantly higher than that in YZN2_B by 72.02%. Citric acid was significantly positively correlated with Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg. Citric acid was identified as a candidate key metabolite that affects changes in the main nutrients in purple rice during processing.
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Rezvi HUA, Tahjib‐Ul‐Arif M, Azim MA, Tumpa TA, Tipu MMH, Najnine F, Dawood MFA, Skalicky M, Brestič M. Rice and food security: Climate change implications and the future prospects for nutritional security. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Tahjib‐Ul‐Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Azim
- Biotechnology Division Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute Pabna Bangladesh
| | - Toufica Ahmed Tumpa
- Department of Entomology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh
| | | | - Farhana Najnine
- Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangdong Guangzhou China
| | - Mona F. A. Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources Slovak University of Agriculture Nitra Slovakia
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Li J, Li Y, Li M, Lin L, Qi J, Xu J, Zhang L, Fang P, Tao A. Novel Insights into Anthocyanin Synthesis in the Calyx of Roselle Using Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213908. [PMID: 36430383 PMCID: PMC9693987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Hibiscus in family Malvaceae. Roselle calyxes are rich in anthocyanins, which play important roles in human health. However, limited information is available on anthocyanin biosynthesis in the roselle calyx. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to identify the key genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the roselle calyx. Three roselle cultivars with different calyx colors, including FZ-72 (red calyx, R), Baitao K (green calyx, G), and MG5 (stripped calyx, S), were used for metabolomic analyses with UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and RNA-seq. Forty-one compounds were quantified, including six flavonoids and 35 anthocyanins. The calyx of FZ-72 (red calyx) had the highest contents of anthocyanin derivatives such as delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (955.11 μg/g) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (531.37 μg/g), which were responsible for calyx color, followed by those in MG5 (stripped calyx) (851.97 and 330.06 μg/g, respectively). Baitao K (green calyx) had the lowest levels of these compounds. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed 114,415 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the calyxes at 30 days after flowering (DAF) for the corresponding cultivars FZ-72 (R), Baitao K (G), and MG5(S). The gene expression levels in the calyxes of the three cultivars were compared at different flowering stages, revealing 11,555, 11,949, and 7177 DEGs in R vs. G, R vs. S, and G vs. S, respectively. Phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were found to be enriched. In the flavonoid pathway, 29, 28, and 27 genes were identified in G vs. R, G vs. S, and S vs. R, respectively. In the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, two, two, and one differential genes were identified in the three combinations; these differential genes belonged to the UFGT gene family. After joint analysis of the anthocyanin content in roselle calyxes, nine key genes belonging to the CHS, CHI, UFGT, FLS, ANR, DFR, CCoAOMT, SAT, and HST gene families were identified as strongly related to anthocyanin synthesis. These nine genes were verified using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data. Overall, this study presents the first report on anthocyanin biosynthesis in roselle, laying a foundation for breeding roselle cultivars with high anthocyanin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianmin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiantang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Aifen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding for Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (A.T.)
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Yang L, Zhang P, Wang Y, Hu G, Guo W, Gu X, Pu L. Plant synthetic epigenomic engineering for crop improvement. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2191-2204. [PMID: 35851940 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efforts have been directed to redesign crops with increased yield, stress adaptability, and nutritional value through synthetic biology-the application of engineering principles to biology. A recent expansion in our understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms regulate plant development and stress responses has unveiled a new set of resources that can be harnessed to develop improved crops, thus heralding the promise of "synthetic epigenetics." In this review, we summarize the latest advances in epigenetic regulation and highlight how innovative sequencing techniques, epigenetic editing, and deep learning-driven predictive tools can rapidly extend these insights. We also proposed the future directions of synthetic epigenetics for the development of engineered smart crops that can actively monitor and respond to internal and external cues throughout their life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pingxian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guihua Hu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Li X, Lan C, Li X, Hu Z, Jia B. A review on design-build-test-learn cycle to potentiate progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127981. [PMID: 36130687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the generation of isoprenoid factories in microalgae relies on two strategies: 1) enhanced production of endogenous isoprenoids; or 2) production of heterologous terpenes by metabolic engineering. Nevertheless, low titers and productivity are still a feature of isoprenoid biotechnology and need to be addressed. In this context, the mechanisms underlying isoprenoid biosynthesis in microalgae and its relationship with central carbon metabolism are reviewed. Developments in microalgal biotechnology are discussed, and a new approach of integrated "design-build-test-learn" cycle is advocated to the trends, challenges and prospects involved in isoprenoid engineering. The emerging and promising strategies and tools are discussed for microalgal engineering in the future. This review encourages a systematic engineering perspective aimed at potentiating progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chengxiang Lan
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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