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Zhang S, Song Y, Ou R, Liu Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu S, Su Y, Jiang D, Ding Y, Xia H, Guo Q, Wu J, Zhang J, Wang J, Jin S. SCAG: A Stratified, Clustered, and Growing-Based Algorithm for Soybean Branch Angle Extraction and Ideal Plant Architecture Evaluation. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0190. [PMID: 39045573 PMCID: PMC11265809 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) phenotyping is important for studying plant structure and function. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has gained prominence in 3D plant phenotyping due to its ability to collect 3D point clouds. However, organ-level branch detection remains challenging due to small targets, sparse points, and low signal-to-noise ratios. In addition, extracting biologically relevant angle traits is difficult. In this study, we developed a stratified, clustered, and growing-based algorithm (SCAG) for soybean branch detection and branch angle calculation from LiDAR data, which is heuristic, open-source, and expandable. SCAG achieved high branch detection accuracy (F-score = 0.77) and branch angle calculation accuracy (r = 0.84) when evaluated on 152 diverse soybean varieties. Meanwhile, the SCAG outperformed 2 other classic algorithms, the support vector machine (F-score = 0.53) and density-based methods (F-score = 0.55). Moreover, after applying the SCAG to 405 soybean varieties over 2 consecutive years, we quantified various 3D traits, including canopy width, height, stem length, and average angle. After data filtering, we identified novel heritable and repeatable traits for evaluating soybean density tolerance potential, such as the ratio of average angle to height and the ratio of average angle to stem length, which showed greater potential than the well-known ratio of canopy width to height trait. Our work demonstrates remarkable advances in 3D phenotyping and plant architecture screening. The algorithm can be applied to other crops, such as maize and tomato. Our dataset, scripts, and software are public, which can further benefit the plant science community by enhancing plant architecture characterization and ideal variety selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyin Zhang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinmeng Song
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Agriculture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ran Ou
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Agriculture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiqiang Liu
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Shaochen Li
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinlan Lu
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanjun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Agriculture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Agriculture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Haifeng Xia
- School of Automation,
Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences,
Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Division for Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences,
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaoping Zhang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Agriculture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), College of Agriculture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shichao Jin
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya 572024, China
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2
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Xu X, Wang Y, Lu H, Zhao X, Jiang J, Liu M, Yang C. Morphological characterization and transcriptome analysis of rolled and narrow leaf mutant in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:686. [PMID: 39026194 PMCID: PMC11264519 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, the leaf functions as a solar panel, where photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. In soybean, leaf type traits, including leaf shape, leaf area, leaf width, and leaf width so on, are considered to be associated with yield. In this study, we performed morphological characterization, transcriptome analysis, and endogenous hormone analysis of a rolled and narrow leaf mutant line (rl) in soybean. RESULTS Compared with wild type HX3, mutant line rl showed rolled and narrower leaflet, and smaller leaf, meanwhile rl also performed narrower pod and narrower seed. Anatomical analysis of leaflet demonstrated that cell area of upper epidermis was bigger than the cell area of lower epidermis in rl, which may lead rolled and narrow leaf. Transcriptome analysis revealed that several cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) genes (Glyma.06G028900, Glyma.09G225400, Glyma.13G104700, Glyma.14G099000, and Glyma.17G054500) were up-regulation dramatically, which may cause lower cytokinin level in rl. Endogenous hormone analysis verified that cytokinin content of rl was lower. Hormone treatment results indicated that 6-BA rescued rolled leaf enough, rescued partly narrow leaf. And after 6-BA treatment, the cell area was similar between upper epidermis and lower epidermis in rl. Although IAA content and ABA content were reduced in rl, but exogenous IAA and ABA didn't affect leaf type of HX3 and rl. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest abnormal cytokinin metabolism caused rolled and narrow leaf in rl, and provide valuable clues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying leaf development in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Housheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueqian Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiacan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengshi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cunyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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3
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Song D, Huang K, Li S, Jiang J, Zhao L, Luan H. GmCYB5-4 inhibit SMV proliferation by targeting P3 protein. Virology 2024; 595:110069. [PMID: 38640788 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a potyvirus found worldwide in soybean (Glycine max). GmCYB5-4 is a strong candidate interactor of P3. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the GmCYB5 family in soybeans, including its distribution on chromosomes, promoter analysis, conserved motifs, phylogenetic analysis, and expression patterns. We cloned the full-length GmCYB5-4 and examined its interaction with P3 in yeast, which was later confirmed using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFc). We silenced GmCYB5-4 using a bean pottle mosaic viris (BPMV) based system to generate SilCYB5-4 tissues, which surprisingly knocked down four isoforms of GmCYB5s for functional characterization. SilCYB5-4 plants were challenged with the SC3 strain to determine its involvement in SMV infection. Silencing GmCYB5-4 increased SMV accumulation, indicating that GmCYB5-4 inhibited SMV proliferation. However, further experiments are needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the involvement of GmCYB5-4 in SMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqiao Song
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Hospital of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Longgang Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; High-efficiency Agricultural Technology Industry Research Institute of Saline and alkaline Land of Dongying Qingdao Agricultural University, China.
| | - Hexiang Luan
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China; High-efficiency Agricultural Technology Industry Research Institute of Saline and alkaline Land of Dongying Qingdao Agricultural University, China.
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4
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Liu P, Panda K, Edwards SA, Swanson R, Yi H, Pandesha P, Hung YH, Klaas G, Ye X, Collins MV, Renken KN, Gilbertson LA, Veena V, Hancock CN, Slotkin RK. Transposase-assisted target-site integration for efficient plant genome engineering. Nature 2024; 631:593-600. [PMID: 38926583 PMCID: PMC11254759 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The current technologies to place new DNA into specific locations in plant genomes are low frequency and error-prone, and this inefficiency hampers genome-editing approaches to develop improved crops1,2. Often considered to be genome 'parasites', transposable elements (TEs) evolved to insert their DNA seamlessly into genomes3-5. Eukaryotic TEs select their site of insertion based on preferences for chromatin contexts, which differ for each TE type6-9. Here we developed a genome engineering tool that controls the TE insertion site and cargo delivered, taking advantage of the natural ability of the TE to precisely excise and insert into the genome. Inspired by CRISPR-associated transposases that target transposition in a programmable manner in bacteria10-12, we fused the rice Pong transposase protein to the Cas9 or Cas12a programmable nucleases. We demonstrated sequence-specific targeted insertion (guided by the CRISPR gRNA) of enhancer elements, an open reading frame and a gene expression cassette into the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis. We then translated this system into soybean-a major global crop in need of targeted insertion technology. We have engineered a TE 'parasite' into a usable and accessible toolkit that enables the sequence-specific targeting of custom DNA into plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kaushik Panda
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seth A Edwards
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Swanson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hochul Yi
- Plant Transformation Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pratheek Pandesha
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yu-Hung Hung
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerald Klaas
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xudong Ye
- Bayer Crop Science, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Veena Veena
- Plant Transformation Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - R Keith Slotkin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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5
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Meng A, Luan B, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Guo B, Zhang B. Exploring changes in aggregation and gel network morphology of soybean protein isolate induced by pH, NaCl, and temperature in view of interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132911. [PMID: 38844293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The texture of soybean protein-based products is primarily influenced by the aggregation and gel morphology of the protein, which is modulated by manufacturing factors. Interactions involved in protein morphology changes include disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonds. Notably, an interaction perspective probably provides a new way to explaining the aggregation and gel morphology, which could help overcome the hurdle of developing a textured product. Based on the interaction perspective, this review provides detailed information and evidence on aggregation, conformational stability, and gel network morphology of soybean protein and its components induced by pH, NaCl, and temperature. pH-induced electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, NaCl-induced electrostatic interactions, and temperature-induced hydrophobic interactions and disulfide linkages are the main motivations responsible for changes in soybean aggregation and gel morphology. By reducing the proportion of strong-interactions, such as disulfide linkages and hydrophobic interactions, and increasing the proportion of weak-interactions, such as electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, the protein total surface area expands, indicating increased conformational stretching and decreased cohesion. This possibly results in reduced hardness and increased toughness of textured proteins. The opposite effect can be observed when the proportion of strong interactions is increased and that of weak interactions is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Meng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Binyu Luan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research and Development Center Company Limited, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Boli Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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6
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Li J, Yao X, Lai H, Zhang X, Zhong J. The diversification of the shoot branching system: A quantitative and comparative perspective in meristem determinacy. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102574. [PMID: 38917775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Reiterative shoot branching largely defines important yield components of crops and is essentially controlled by programs that direct the initiation, dormancy release, and differentiation of meristems in the axils of leaves. Here, we focus on meristem determinacy, defining the number of reiterations that shape the shoot architectures and exhibit enormous diversity in a wide range of species. The meristem determinacy per se is hierarchically complex and context-dependent for the successively emerged meristems, representing a crucial mechanism in shaping the complexity of the shoot branching. In addition, we have highlighted that two key components of axillary meristem developmental programs may have been co-opted in controlling flower/ear number of an axillary inflorescence in legumes/maize, hinting at the diversification of axillary-meristem-patterning programs in different lineages. This begs the question how axillary meristem patterning programs may have diversified during plant evolution and hence helped shape the rich variation in shoot branching systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture & the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources & College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiani Yao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture & the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources & College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Lai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture & the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources & College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture & the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources & College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinshun Zhong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture & the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources & College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of the Developmental Biology and Environmental Adaptation of Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; South China Institute for Soybean Innovation Research, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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7
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He L, Liu Q, Han S. Genome-Wide Analysis of Serine Carboxypeptidase-like Genes in Soybean and Their Roles in Stress Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6712. [PMID: 38928417 PMCID: PMC11203753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) gene family plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress response through activities such as acyltransferases in plant secondary metabolism pathways. Although SCPL genes have been identified in various plant species, their specific functions and characteristics in soybean (Glycine max) have not yet been studied. We identified and characterized 73 SCPL genes, grouped into three subgroups based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships. These genes are distributed unevenly across 20 soybean chromosomes and show varied codon usage patterns influenced by both mutation and selection pressures. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment suggests these genes are involved in plant cell wall regulation and stress responses. Expression analysis in various tissues and under stress conditions, including the presence of numerous stress-related cis-acting elements, indicated that these genes have varied expression patterns. This suggests that they play specialized roles such as modulating plant defense mechanisms against nematode infections, enhancing tolerance to drought and high salinity, and responding to cold stress, thereby helping soybean adapt to environmental stresses. Moreover, the expression of specific GmSCPLs was significantly affected following exposure to nematode infection, drought, high salt (NaCl), and cold stresses. Our findings underscore the potential of SCPL genes in enhancing stress resistance in soybean, providing a valuable resource for future genetic improvement and breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.H.); (Q.L.)
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.H.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shaojie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.H.); (Q.L.)
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310058, China
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8
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Wang D, Du M, Lyu P, Li J, Meng H, Liu X, Shi M, Gong Y, Sha Q, Men Q, Li X, Sun Y, Guo S. Functional Characterization of the Soybean Glycine max Actin Depolymerization Factor GmADF13 for Plant Resistance to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1651. [PMID: 38931083 PMCID: PMC11207668 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stress significantly affects plant growth and has devastating effects on crop production. Drought stress is one of the main abiotic stressors. Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton, and actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are conserved actin-binding proteins in eukaryotes that play critical roles in plant responses to various stresses. In this study, we found that GmADF13, an ADF gene from the soybean Glycine max, showed drastic upregulation under drought stress. Subcellular localization experiments in tobacco epidermal cells and tobacco protoplasts showed that GmADF13 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. We characterized its biological function in transgenic Arabidopsis and hairy root composite soybean plants. Arabidopsis plants transformed with GmADF13 displayed a more robust drought tolerance than wild-type plants, including having a higher seed germination rate, longer roots, and healthy leaves under drought conditions. Similarly, GmADF13-overexpressing (OE) soybean plants generated via the Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of the hairy roots showed an improved drought tolerance. Leaves from OE plants showed higher relative water, chlorophyll, and proline contents, had a higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and had decreased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion levels compared to those of control plants. Furthermore, under drought stress, GmADF13 OE activated the transcription of several drought-stress-related genes, such as GmbZIP1, GmDREB1A, GmDREB2, GmWRKY13, and GmANK114. Thus, GmADF13 is a positive regulator of the drought stress response, and it may play an essential role in plant growth under drought stress conditions. These results provide new insights into the functional elucidation of soybean ADFs. They may be helpful for breeding new soybean cultivars with a strong drought tolerance and further understanding how ADFs help plants adapt to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Wang
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengxue Du
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Lyu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Jingyu Li
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Huiran Meng
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yujie Gong
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Qi Sha
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Qingmei Men
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongwang Sun
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Shangjing Guo
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (D.W.); (M.D.); (P.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.G.); (Q.S.); (Q.M.); (X.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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9
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Wang L, Zhang T, Li C, Zhou C, Liu B, Wu Y, He F, Xu Y, Li F, Feng X. Overexpression of Wild Soybean Expansin Gene GsEXLB14 Enhanced the Tolerance of Transgenic Soybean Hairy Roots to Salt and Drought Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1656. [PMID: 38931088 PMCID: PMC11207530 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
As a type of cell-wall-relaxing protein that is widely present in plants, expansins have been shown to actively participate in the regulation of plant growth and responses to environmental stress. Wild soybeans have long existed in the wild environment and possess abundant resistance gene resources, which hold significant value for the improvement of cultivated soybean germplasm. In our previous study, we found that the wild soybean expansin gene GsEXLB14 is specifically transcribed in roots, and its transcription level significantly increases under salt and drought stress. To further identify the function of GsEXLB14, in this study, we cloned the CDS sequence of this gene. The transcription pattern of GsEXLB14 in the roots of wild soybean under salt and drought stress was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Using an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation, we obtained soybean hairy roots overexpressing GsEXLB14. Under 150 mM NaCl- and 100 mM mannitol-simulated drought stress, the relative growth values of the number, length, and weight of transgenic soybean hairy roots were significantly higher than those of the control group. We obtained the transcriptomes of transgenic and wild-type soybean hairy roots under normal growth conditions and under salt and drought stress through RNA sequencing. A transcriptomic analysis showed that the transcription of genes encoding expansins (EXPB family), peroxidase, H+-transporting ATPase, and other genes was significantly upregulated in transgenic hairy roots under salt stress. Under drought stress, the transcription of expansin (EXPB/LB family) genes increased in transgenic hairy roots. In addition, the transcription of genes encoding peroxidases, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, and dehydration-responsive proteins increased significantly. The results of qRT-PCR also confirmed that the transcription pattern of the above genes was consistent with the transcriptome. The differences in the transcript levels of the above genes may be the potential reason for the strong tolerance of soybean hairy roots overexpressing the GsEXLB14 gene under salt and drought stress. In conclusion, the expansin GsEXLB14 can be used as a valuable candidate gene for the molecular breeding of soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Cuiting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Changjun Zhou
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163316, China; (C.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bing Liu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163316, China; (C.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yaokun Wu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing 163316, China; (C.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Fumeng He
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yongqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Fenglan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xu Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.); (F.H.); (Y.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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10
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Nader AA, Hauka FIA, Afify AH, El-Sawah AM. Drought-Tolerant Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of Drought Stress Induced by Withholding Irrigation at Critical Growth Stages of Soybean ( Glycine max, L.). Microorganisms 2024; 12:1123. [PMID: 38930505 PMCID: PMC11205826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering current global climate change, drought stress is regarded as a major problem negatively impacting the growth of soybeans, particularly at the critical stages R3 (early pod) and R5 (seed development). Microbial inoculation is regarded as an ecologically friendly and low-cost-effective strategy for helping soybean plants withstand drought stress. The present study aimed to isolate newly drought-tolerant bacteria from native soil and evaluated their potential for producing growth-promoting substances as well as understanding how these isolated bacteria along with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could mitigate drought stress in soybean plants at critical growth stages in a field experiment. In this study, 30 Bradyrhizobium isolates and 30 rhizobacterial isolates were isolated from the soybean nodules and rhizosphere, respectively. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used for evaluating their tolerance to drought, and then the production of growth promotion substances was evaluated under both without/with PEG. The most effective isolates (DTB4 and DTR30) were identified genetically using 16S rRNA gene. A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of inoculation with DTB4 and DTR30 along with AMF (Glomus clarum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Gigaspora margarita) on the growth and yield of drought-stressed soybeans. Our results showed that the bioinoculant applications improved the growth traits (shoot length, root length, leaf area, and dry weight), chlorophyll content, nutrient content (N, P, and K), nodulation, and yield components (pods number, seeds weight, and grain yield) of soybean plants under drought stress (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, proline contents were decreased due to the bioinoculant applications under drought when compared to uninoculated treatments. As well as the count of bacteria, mycorrhizal colonization indices, and the activity of soil enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) were enhanced in the soybean rhizosphere under drought stress. This study's findings imply that using a mixture of bioinoculants may help soybean plants withstand drought stress, particularly during critical growth stages, and that soybean growth, productivity, and soil microbial activity were improved under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmed M. El-Sawah
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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11
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Han D, Zhao X, Zhang D, Wang Z, Zhu Z, Sun H, Qu Z, Wang L, Liu Z, Zhu X, Yuan M. Genome-wide association studies reveal novel QTLs for agronomic traits in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1375646. [PMID: 38807775 PMCID: PMC11132100 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1375646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Soybean, as a globally significant crop, has garnered substantial attention due to its agricultural importance. The utilization of molecular approaches to enhance grain yield in soybean has gained popularity. Methods In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 156 Chinese soybean accessions over a two-year period. We employed the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (MLM) to analyze three agronomic traits: pod number, grain number, and grain weight. Results Our findings revealed significant associations between qgPNpP-98, qgGNpP-89 and qgHGW-85 QTLs and pod number, grain number, and grain weight, respectively. These QTLs were identified on chromosome 16, a region spanning 413171bp exhibited associations with all three traits. Discussion These QTL markers identified in this study hold potential for improving yield and agronomic traits through marker-assisted selection and genomic selection in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Han
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Chinese Academy of Sciences Qiuying Zhang Soybean Scientist Studio, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Biotechnology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhijia Zhu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haoyue Sun
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongcheng Qu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lianxia Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhangxiong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Research and Development, Ruibiotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
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12
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Liu Y, Lin Y, Wang W, Min K, Ling W, Ma W, Zhang W, Hou X, Wei L, Liu Q, Jiang G. Dose-Dependent Effect on Plant Growth of Exposure to Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101(Cr). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8009-8019. [PMID: 38557036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), they will inevitably enter the environment intentionally or unintentionally. However, the effects of MOFs on plant growth are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of exposure of the rhizosphere to MOFs on plant growth. MIL-101(Cr) was selected as a research model due to its commercial availability and wide use. Soybean plants at the two-leaf stage were subjected to various durations (1-7 days) and concentrations (0-1000 mg/L) of exposure in hydroculture with a control group treated with ultrapure water. We found that MIL-101(Cr) had a positive effect on soybean growth at a lower dose (i.e., 200 mg/L); however, at higher doses (i.e., 500 and 1000 mg/L), it exhibited significant toxicity to plant growth, which is evidenced by leaf damage. To investigate the mechanism of this effect, we used Cr as an indicator to quantify, track, and image MIL-101(Cr) in the plant with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Results indicated that MIL-101(Cr) primarily accumulated in the cortex of roots (up to 40 times higher than that in stems), with limited translocation to stems and negligible presence in leaves and cotyledons. In addition, metabolomic analysis of soybeans indicated that low-dose MIL-101(Cr) could increase the sucrose content of soybean roots to promote plant growth, while a high dose could induce lipid oxidation in roots. This study provides valuable insights into the ecological toxicology of MOFs and underscores the importance of assessing their environmental impact for sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Liu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ke Min
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weibo Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wende Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weican Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Steven S, Islam MS, Ghimire A, Methela NJ, Kwon EH, Yun BW, Lee IJ, Kim SH, Kim Y. Chitosan-GSNO Nanoparticles and Silicon Priming Enhance the Germination and Seedling Growth of Soybean ( Glycine max L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1290. [PMID: 38794361 PMCID: PMC11125586 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Soybean, a major legume crop, has seen a decline in its production owing to challenges in seed germination and the development of seedlings. Thus, in this study, we systematically investigated the influence of various chitosan-S-nitrosoglutathione (chitosan-GSNO) nanoparticle (0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) and Si (0, 0.5, and 1 mM) priming concentrations on soybean seed germination and seedling growth over five different priming durations (range: 1-5 h at each concentration). Significant differences were observed in all parameters, except seedling diameter, with both treatments. Seed germination was significantly enhanced after 3 h of priming in both treatments. The final germination percentage (FGP), peak germination percentage (PGP), vigor index (VI), seedling biomass (SB), hypocotyl length (HL), and radical length (RL) of 100 μM chitosan-GSNO-nanoparticle-primed seeds increased by 20.3%, 41.3%, 78.9%, 25.2%, 15.7%, and 65.9%, respectively, compared with those of the control; however, the mean germination time (MGT) decreased by 18.43%. Si priming at 0.5 mM increased the FGP, PGP, VI, SB, HL, and RL by 13.9%, 55.17%, 39.2%, 6.5%, 22.5%, and 25.1%, respectively, but reduced the MGT by 12.29% compared with the control treatment. Chitosan-GSNO and Si treatment up-regulated the relative expression of gibberellic acid (GA)-related genes (GmGA3ox3 and GmGA2ox1) and down-regulated that of abscisic acid (ABA)-related genes (GmABA2, GmAAO3, and GmNCED5). Chitosan-GSNO and Si application increased bioactive GA4 levels and simultaneously reduced ABA content. Hence, the use of exogenous chitosan-GSNO nanoparticles and Si as priming agents had a beneficial effect on seed germination and seedling growth because of the up-regulation in the expression of GA and down-regulation in the expression of ABA. Additional research is needed to understand the combined impact of Si and chitosan-GSNO nanoparticles, including their effects on the expression levels of other hormones and genes even in the later growth stage of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senabulya Steven
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mohammad Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.S.I.); (A.G.); (N.J.M.); (E.-H.K.); (B.-W.Y.); (I.-J.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Ghimire
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.S.I.); (A.G.); (N.J.M.); (E.-H.K.); (B.-W.Y.); (I.-J.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nusrat Jahan Methela
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.S.I.); (A.G.); (N.J.M.); (E.-H.K.); (B.-W.Y.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - Eun-Hae Kwon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.S.I.); (A.G.); (N.J.M.); (E.-H.K.); (B.-W.Y.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.S.I.); (A.G.); (N.J.M.); (E.-H.K.); (B.-W.Y.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.S.I.); (A.G.); (N.J.M.); (E.-H.K.); (B.-W.Y.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju 5487, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoonha Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.S.I.); (A.G.); (N.J.M.); (E.-H.K.); (B.-W.Y.); (I.-J.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Upland Field Machinery Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang X, Zhao W, Wei X, Song S, Dong S. The application potential of mepiquat chloride in soybean: improvement of yield characteristics and drought resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:310. [PMID: 38649811 PMCID: PMC11036734 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought can result in yield losses, the application of plant growth regulators is an effective measure to improve drought resistance and yield. The objective of the study was to explore the application potential of mepiquat chloride (MC) in regulating soybean yield and drought resistance. METHODS In this study, a three-year field experiment was designed and combined with drought experiments to measure the yield of popularized varieties during 2021-2022 and drought-resistant and drought-sensitive varieties were selected, and planted in the field in 2023. RESULTS MC increased the yield of HN84 and HN87 for two consecutive years from 2021 to 2022 and improved their physiological characteristics under field conditions. Under M200 treatment, the yield of HN84 increased by 6.93% and 9.46%, and HN87 increased by 11.11% and 15.72%. Different concentrations of MC have different effects on soybeans. The maximum increase of SOD, POD and proline in HN84 under M400 treatment reached 71.92%, 63.26% and 71.54%, respectively; the maximum increase of SOD, POD and proline in HN87 under M200 treatment reached 21.96%, 93.49% and 40.45%, respectively. In 2023, the foliar application of MC improved the physiological characteristics of HN44 and HN65 under drought-stress conditions. On the eighth day of drought treatment, compared to the drought treatment, the leaf and root dry weight of HN44 under M100 treatment increased by 17.91% and 32.76%, respectively; the dry weight of leaves and roots of HN65 increased by 20.74% and 29.29% under M200 treatment, respectively. MC also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content. In addition, different concentrations of MC increased the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fs, Fv/Fm, YII, and SPAD). In the field, the plant height of the two varieties decreased significantly, the yield increased, the number of two-grain and three-grain pods increased, and the stem length at the bottom and middle decreased with MC induction. CONCLUSIONS The application of 100-200 mg/L MC effectively improved drought resistance and increased yield. This study provided support for the rational application of MC in soybean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinhe Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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15
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Yu H, Bhat JA, Li C, Zhao B, Bu M, Zhang Z, Guo T, Feng X. Identification of superior and rare haplotypes to optimize branch number in soybean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:93. [PMID: 38570354 PMCID: PMC10991007 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Using the integrated approach in the present study, we identified eleven significant SNPs, seven stable QTLs and 20 candidate genes associated with branch number in soybean. Branch number is a key yield-related quantitative trait that directly affects the number of pods and seeds per soybean plant. In this study, an integrated approach with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and haplotype and candidate gene analyses was used to determine the detailed genetic basis of branch number across a diverse set of soybean accessions. The GWAS revealed a total of eleven SNPs significantly associated with branch number across three environments using the five GWAS models. Based on the consistency of the SNP detection in multiple GWAS models and environments, seven genomic regions within the physical distance of ± 202.4 kb were delineated as stable QTLs. Of these QTLs, six QTLs were novel, viz., qBN7, qBN13, qBN16, qBN18, qBN19 and qBN20, whereas the remaining one, viz., qBN12, has been previously reported. Moreover, 11 haplotype blocks, viz., Hap4, Hap7, Hap12, Hap13A, Hap13B, Hap16, Hap17, Hap18, Hap19A, Hap19B and Hap20, were identified on nine different chromosomes. Haplotype allele number across the identified haplotype blocks varies from two to five, and different branch number phenotype is regulated by these alleles ranging from the lowest to highest through intermediate branching. Furthermore, 20 genes were identified underlying the genomic region of ± 202.4 kb of the identified SNPs as putative candidates; and six of them showed significant differential expression patterns among the soybean cultivars possessing contrasting branch number, which might be the potential candidates regulating branch number in soybean. The findings of this study can assist the soybean breeding programs for developing cultivars with desirable branch numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | | | - Candong Li
- Jiamusi Branch Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Beifang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Moran Bu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zhirui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Tai Guo
- Jiamusi Branch Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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16
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Fang C, Du H, Wang L, Liu B, Kong F. Mechanisms underlying key agronomic traits and implications for molecular breeding in soybean. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:379-393. [PMID: 37717820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is an important crop that provides protein and vegetable oil for human consumption. As soybean is a photoperiod-sensitive crop, its cultivation and yield are limited by the photoperiodic conditions in the field. In contrast to other major crops, soybean has a special plant architecture and a special symbiotic nitrogen fixation system, representing two unique breeding directions. Thus, flowering time, plant architecture, and symbiotic nitrogen fixation are three critical or unique yield-determining factors. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of these three critical yield-determining factors in soybean. Meanwhile, we propose potential research directions to increase soybean production, discuss the application of genomics and genomic-assisted breeding, and explore research directions to address future challenges, particularly those posed by global climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Haiping Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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17
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Yu H, Weng L, Wu S, He J, Yuan Y, Wang J, Xu X, Feng X. Time-Series Field Phenotyping of Soybean Growth Analysis by Combining Multimodal Deep Learning and Dynamic Modeling. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0158. [PMID: 38524738 PMCID: PMC10959008 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The rate of soybean canopy establishment largely determines photoperiodic sensitivity, subsequently influencing yield potential. However, assessing the rate of soybean canopy development in large-scale field breeding trials is both laborious and time-consuming. High-throughput phenotyping methods based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems can be used to monitor and quantitatively describe the development of soybean canopies for different genotypes. In this study, high-resolution and time-series raw data from field soybean populations were collected using UAVs. The RGB (red, green, and blue) and infrared images are used as inputs to construct the multimodal image segmentation model-the RGB & Infrared Feature Fusion Segmentation Network (RIFSeg-Net). Subsequently, the segment anything model was employed to extract complete individual leaves from the segmentation results obtained from RIFSeg-Net. These leaf aspect ratios facilitated the accurate categorization of soybean populations into 2 distinct varieties: oval leaf type variety and lanceolate leaf type variety. Finally, dynamic modeling was conducted to identify 5 phenotypic traits associated with the canopy development rate that differed substantially among the classified soybean varieties. The results showed that the developed multimodal image segmentation model RIFSeg-Net for extracting soybean canopy cover from UAV images outperformed traditional deep learning image segmentation networks (precision = 0.94, recall = 0.93, F1-score = 0.93). The proposed method has high practical value in the field of germplasm resource identification. This approach could lead to the use of a practical tool for further genotypic differentiation analysis and the selection of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lin Weng
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | | | | | | | - Jun Wang
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | | | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310012, China
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18
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Sreekanta S, Haaning A, Dobbels A, O'Neill R, Hofstad A, Virdi K, Katagiri F, Stupar RM, Muehlbauer GJ, Lorenz AJ. Variation in shoot architecture traits and their relationship to canopy coverage and light interception in soybean (Glycine max). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:194. [PMID: 38493116 PMCID: PMC10944616 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In soybeans, faster canopy coverage (CC) is a highly desirable trait but a fully covered canopy is unfavorable to light interception at lower levels in the canopy with most of the incident radiation intercepted at the top of the canopy. Shoot architecture that influences CC is well studied in crops such as maize and wheat, and altering architectural traits has resulted in enhanced yield. However, in soybeans the study of shoot architecture has not been as extensive. RESULTS This study revealed significant differences in CC among the selected soybean accessions. The rate of CC was found to decrease at the beginning of the reproductive stage (R1) followed by an increase during the R2-R3 stages. Most of the accessions in the study achieved maximum rate of CC between R2-R3 stages. We measured Light interception (LI), defined here as the ratio of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) transmitted through the canopy to the incoming PAR or the radiation above the canopy. LI was found to be significantly correlated with CC parameters, highlighting the relationship between canopy structure and light interception. The study also explored the impact of plant shape on LI and CO2 assimilation. Plant shape was characterized into distinct quantifiable parameters and by modeling the impact of plant shape on LI and CO2 assimilation, we found that plants with broad and flat shapes at the top maybe more photosynthetically efficient at low light levels, while conical shapes were likely more advantageous when light was abundant. Shoot architecture of plants in this study was described in terms of whole plant, branching and leaf-related traits. There was significant variation for the shoot architecture traits between different accessions, displaying high reliability. We found that that several shoot architecture traits such as plant height, and leaf and internode-related traits strongly influenced CC and LI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study provides insight into the relationship between soybean shoot architecture, canopy coverage, and light interception. It demonstrates that novel shoot architecture traits we have defined here are genetically variable, impact CC and LI and contribute to our understanding of soybean morphology. Correlations between different architecture traits, CC and LI suggest that it is possible to optimize soybean growth without compromising on light transmission within the soybean canopy. In addition, the study underscores the utility of integrating low-cost 2D phenotyping as a practical and cost-effective alternative to more time-intensive 3D or high-tech low-throughput methods. This approach offers a feasible means of studying basic shoot architecture traits at the field level, facilitating a broader and efficient assessment of plant morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Sreekanta
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Allison Haaning
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Austin Dobbels
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Riley O'Neill
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Hofstad
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kamaldeep Virdi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, 55108, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Robert M Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Aaron J Lorenz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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19
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Wang S, Cheng H, Wei Y. Supplemental Silicon and Boron Alleviates Aluminum-Induced Oxidative Damage in Soybean Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:821. [PMID: 38592832 PMCID: PMC10975118 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils is a major abiotic stress that negatively impacts plant growth and development. The toxic effects of Al manifest primarily in the root system, leading to inhibited root elongation and functionality, which impairs the above-ground organs of the plant. Recent research has greatly improved our understanding of the applications of small molecule compounds in alleviating Al toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the role of boron (B), silicon (Si), and their combination in alleviating Al toxicity in soybeans. The results revealed that the combined application significantly improved the biomass and length of soybean roots exposed to Al toxicity compared to B and Si treatments alone. Our results also indicated that Al toxicity causes programmed cell death (PCD) in soybean roots, while B, Si, and their combination all alleviated the PCD induced by Al toxicity. The oxidative damage induced by Al toxicity was noticeably alleviated, as evidenced by lower MAD and H2O2 accumulation in the soybean roots treated with the B and Si combination. Moreover, B, Si, and combined B and Si significantly enhanced plant antioxidant systems by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes including CAT, POD, APX, and SOD. Overall, supplementation with B, Si, and their combination was found to alleviate oxidative damage and reduce PCD caused by Al toxicity, which may be one of the mechanisms by which they alleviate root growth inhibition due to Al toxicity. Our results suggest that supplementation with B, Si, and their combination may be an effective strategy to improve soybean growth and productivity against Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (S.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Haijing Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (S.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Yunmin Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (S.W.); (H.C.)
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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20
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Wang X, Zhao W, Wei X, Sun Y, Dong S. Molecular mechanism of drought resistance in soybean roots revealed using physiological and multi-omics analyses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108451. [PMID: 38402799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Soybeans are one of the most cultivated crops worldwide and drought can seriously affect their growth and development. Many studies have elucidated the mechanisms through which soybean leaves respond to drought; however, little is known about these mechanisms in roots. We used two soybean varieties with different drought tolerances to study the morphological, physiological, and molecular response mechanisms of the root system to drought stress in seedlings. We found that drought stress led to a significant decrease in the root traits and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in the two varieties. Drought-resistant varieties accumulate large amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids at the metabolic level, which causes variations in drought resistance. Additionally, differences in gene expression and drought-resistance pathways between the two varieties were clarified using transcriptome analysis. Through a multi-omics joint analysis, phenylpropanoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were identified as the core drought resistance pathways in soybean roots. Candidate genes and marker metabolites affecting drought resistance were identified. The phenylpropanoid pathway confers drought tolerance to roots by maintaining a high level of POD activity and mediates the biosynthesis of various secondary drought-resistant metabolites to resist drought stress. This study provides useful data for investigating plant root drought responses and offers theoretical support for plant breeding for drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhe Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbin Sun
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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21
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Shao W, Shi G, Chu H, Du W, Zhou Z, Wuriyanghan H. Development of an NLR-ID Toolkit and Identification of Novel Disease-Resistance Genes in Soybean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:668. [PMID: 38475513 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The recognition of pathogen effectors through the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) family is an important component of plant immunity. In addition to typical domains such as TIR, CC, NBS, and LRR, NLR proteins also contain some atypical integrated domains (IDs), the roles of which are rarely investigated. Here, we carefully screened the soybean (Glycine max) genome and identified the IDs that appeared in the soybean TNL-like proteins. Our results show that multiple IDs (36) are widely present in soybean TNL-like proteins. A total of 27 Gm-TNL-ID genes (soybean TNL-like gene encoding ID) were cloned and their antiviral activity towards the soybean mosaic virus (SMV)/tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was verified. Two resistance (R) genes, SRA2 (SMV resistance gene contains AAA_22 domain) and SRZ4 (SMV resistance gene contains zf-RVT domain), were identified to possess broad-spectrum resistance characteristics towards six viruses including SMV, TMV, plum pox virus (PPV), cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV), barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), and tobacco rattle virus (TRV). The effects of Gm-TNL-IDX (the domain of the Gm-TNL-ID gene after the TN domain) on the antiviral activity of a R protein SRC7TN (we previously reported the TN domain of the soybean broad-spectrum resistance gene SRC7) were validated, and most of Gm-TNL-IDX inhibits antiviral activity mediated by SRC7TN, possibly through intramolecular interactions. Yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that seven Gm-TNL-IDX interacted with SMV-component proteins. Truncation analysis on a broad-spectrum antiviral protein SRZ4 indicated that SRZ4TIR is sufficient to mediate antiviral activity against SMV. Soybean cDNA library screening on SRZ4 identified 48 interacting proteins. In summary, our results indicate that the integration of IDs in soybean is widespread and frequent. The NLR-ID toolkit we provide is expected to be valuable for elucidating the functions of atypical NLR proteins in the plant immune system and lay the foundation for the development of engineering NLR for plant-disease control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Gongfu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Han Chu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Wenjia Du
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Zikai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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22
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Liu X, Huang K, Chu C. reduced internode 1 shortens internode length while increasing soybean yield. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100781. [PMID: 38140728 PMCID: PMC10873910 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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23
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Wei D, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Hu Y, Song C, Yang W, Chang X. Pseudomonas chlororaphis IRHB3 assemblies beneficial microbes and activates JA-mediated resistance to promote nutrient utilization and inhibit pathogen attack. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1328863. [PMID: 38380096 PMCID: PMC10877055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rhizosphere microbiome is critical to plant health and resistance. PGPR are well known as plant-beneficial bacteria and generally regulate nutrient utilization as well as plant responses to environmental stimuli. In our previous work, one typical PGPR strain, Pseudomonas chlororaphis IRHB3, isolated from the soybean rhizosphere, had positive impacts on soil-borne disease suppression and growth promotion in the greenhouse, but its biocontrol mechanism and application in the field are not unclear. Methods In the current study, IRHB3 was introduced into field soil, and its effects on the local rhizosphere microbiome, disease resistance, and soybean growth were comprehensively analyzed through high-throughput sequencing and physiological and molecular methods. Results and discussion We found that IRHB3 significantly increased the richness of the bacterial community but not the structure of the soybean rhizosphere. Functional bacteria related to phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation, such as Geobacter, Geomonas, Candidatus Solibacter, Occallatibacter, and Candidatus Koribacter, were recruited in rich abundance by IRHB3 to the soybean rhizosphere as compared to those without IRHB3. In addition, the IRHB3 supplement obviously maintained the homeostasis of the rhizosphere microbiome that was disturbed by F. oxysporum, resulting in a lower disease index of root rot when compared with F. oxysporum. Furthermore, JA-mediated induced resistance was rapidly activated by IRHB3 following PDF1.2 and LOX2 expression, and meanwhile, a set of nodulation genes, GmENOD40b, GmNIN-2b, and GmRIC1, were also considerably induced by IRHB3 to improve nitrogen fixation ability and promote soybean yield, even when plants were infected by F. oxysporum. Thus, IRHB3 tends to synergistically interact with local rhizosphere microbes to promote host growth and induce host resistance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoli Chang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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24
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Zhang Y, Bhat JA, Zhang Y, Yang S. Understanding the Molecular Regulatory Networks of Seed Size in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1441. [PMID: 38338719 PMCID: PMC10855573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean being a major cash crop provides half of the vegetable oil and a quarter of the plant proteins to the global population. Seed size traits are the most important agronomic traits determining the soybean yield. These are complex traits governed by polygenes with low heritability as well as are highly influenced by the environment as well as by genotype x environment interactions. Although, extensive efforts have been made to unravel the genetic basis and molecular mechanism of seed size in soybean. But most of these efforts were majorly limited to QTL identification, and only a few genes for seed size were isolated and their molecular mechanism was elucidated. Hence, elucidating the detailed molecular regulatory networks controlling seed size in soybeans has been an important area of research in soybeans from the past decades. This paper describes the current progress of genetic architecture, molecular mechanisms, and regulatory networks for seed sizes of soybeans. Additionally, the main problems and bottlenecks/challenges soybean researchers currently face in seed size research are also discussed. This review summarizes the comprehensive and systematic information to the soybean researchers regarding the molecular understanding of seed size in soybeans and will help future research work on seed size in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | | | - Yaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Suxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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25
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Zhang S, Han W, Liu T, Feng C, Jiang Q, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Tetracycline inhibits the nitrogen fixation ability of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) nodules in black soil by altering the root and rhizosphere bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168047. [PMID: 37918730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline is a widely used antibiotic and may thus also be an environmental contaminant with an influence on plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition mechanisms of tetracycline in relation to soybean growth and ecological networks in the roots and rhizosphere. To this end, we conducted a pot experiment in which soybean seedlings were grown in soil treated with 0, 10, or 25 mg/kg tetracycline. The effects of tetracycline pollution on growth, productivity, oxidative stress, and nitrogenase activity were evaluated. We further identified the changes in microbial taxa composition and structure at the genus and species levels by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene region. The results showed that tetracycline activates the antioxidant defense system in soybeans, which reduces the abundance of Bradyrhizobiaceae, inhibits the nitrogen-fixing ability, and decreases the nitrogen content in the root system. Tetracycline was also found to suppress the formation of the rhizospheric environment and decrease the complexity and stability of bacterial networks. Beta diversity analysis showed that the community structure of the root was markedly changed by the addition of tetracycline, which predominantly affected stochastic processes. These findings demonstrate that the influence of tetracycline on soybean roots could be attributed to the decreased stability of the bacterial community structure, which limits the number of rhizobium nodules and inhibits the nitrogen-fixing capacity. This exploration of the inhibitory mechanisms of tetracycline in relation to soybean root development emphasises the potential risks of tetracycline pollution to plant growth in an agricultural setting. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical foundation from which to improve our understanding of the physiological toxicity of antibiotics in farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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26
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Niu M, Tian K, Chen Q, Yang C, Zhang M, Sun S, Wang X. A multi-trait GWAS-based genetic association network controlling soybean architecture and seed traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1302359. [PMID: 38259929 PMCID: PMC10801003 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1302359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Ideal plant architecture is essential for enhancing crop yields. Ideal soybean (Glycine max) architecture encompasses an appropriate plant height, increased node number, moderate seed weight, and compact architecture with smaller branch angles for growth under high-density planting. However, the functional genes regulating plant architecture are far not fully understood in soybean. In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of 12 agronomic traits in a panel of 496 soybean accessions with a wide geographical distribution in China. Analysis of phenotypic changes in 148 historical elite soybean varieties indicated that seed-related traits have mainly been improved over the past 60 years, with targeting plant architecture traits having the potential to further improve yields in future soybean breeding programs. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 12 traits, we detected 169 significantly associated loci, of which 61 overlapped with previously reported loci and 108 new loci. By integrating the GWAS loci for different traits, we constructed a genetic association network and identified 90 loci that were associated with a single trait and 79 loci with pleiotropic effects. Of these 79 loci, 7 hub-nodes were strongly linked to at least three related agronomic traits. qHub_5, containing the previously characterized Determinate 1 (Dt1) locus, was associated not only with plant height and node number (as determined previously), but also with internode length and pod range. Furthermore, we identified qHub_7, which controls three branch angle-related traits; the candidate genes in this locus may be beneficial for breeding soybean with compact architecture. These findings provide insights into the genetic relationships among 12 important agronomic traits in soybean. In addition, these studies uncover valuable loci for further functional gene studies and will facilitate molecular design breeding of soybean architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrou Niu
- Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Science, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kewei Tian
- Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Science, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shiyong Sun
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Science, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Science, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Shen C, Shi J, Shi J, Zhang D. Boosting Triticeae crop grain yield by manipulating molecular modules to regulate inflorescence architecture: insights and knowledge from other cereal crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:17-35. [PMID: 37935244 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges for global food security is to reliably and sustainably improve the grain yield of cereal crops. One solution is to modify the architecture of the grain-bearing inflorescence to optimize for grain number and size. Cereal inflorescences are complex structures, with determinacy, branching patterns, and spikelet/floret growth patterns that vary by species. Recent decades have witnessed rapid advancements in our understanding of the genetic regulation of inflorescence architecture in rice, maize, wheat, and barley. Here, we summarize current knowledge on key genetic factors underlying the different inflorescence morphologies of these crops and model plants (Arabidopsis and tomato), focusing particularly on the regulation of inflorescence meristem determinacy and spikelet meristem identity and determinacy. We also discuss strategies to identify and utilize these superior alleles to optimize inflorescence architecture and, ultimately, improve crop grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueya Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chaoqun Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
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28
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Singer WM, Lee YC, Shea Z, Vieira CC, Lee D, Li X, Cunicelli M, Kadam SS, Khan MAW, Shannon G, Mian MAR, Nguyen HT, Zhang B. Soybean genetics, genomics, and breeding for improving nutritional value and reducing antinutritional traits in food and feed. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20415. [PMID: 38084377 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a globally important crop due to its valuable seed composition, versatile feed, food, and industrial end-uses, and consistent genetic gain. Successful genetic gain in soybean has led to widespread adaptation and increased value for producers, processors, and consumers. Specific focus on the nutritional quality of soybean seed composition for food and feed has further elucidated genetic knowledge and bolstered breeding progress. Seed components are historical and current targets for soybean breeders seeking to improve nutritional quality of soybean. This article reviews genetic and genomic foundations for improvement of nutritionally important traits, such as protein and amino acids, oil and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and specific food-grade considerations; discusses the application of advanced breeding technology such as CRISPR/Cas9 in creating seed composition variations; and provides future directions and breeding recommendations regarding soybean seed composition traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Singer
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, USA
| | - Zachary Shea
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Caio Canella Vieira
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Dongho Lee
- Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center, University of Missouri, Portageville, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mia Cunicelli
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shaila S Kadam
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Grover Shannon
- Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center, University of Missouri, Portageville, Missouri, USA
| | - M A Rouf Mian
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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29
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Hu Y, Liu Y, Wei JJ, Zhang WK, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Regulation of seed traits in soybean. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:372-385. [PMID: 38106437 PMCID: PMC10721594 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an essential economic crop that provides vegetative oil and protein for humans, worldwide. Increasing soybean yield as well as improving seed quality is of great importance. Seed weight/size, oil and protein content are the three major traits determining seed quality, and seed weight also influences soybean yield. In recent years, the availability of soybean omics data and the development of related techniques have paved the way for better research on soybean functional genomics, providing a comprehensive understanding of gene functions. This review summarizes the regulatory genes that influence seed size/weight, oil content and protein content in soybean. We also provided a general overview of the pleiotropic effect for the genes in controlling seed traits and environmental stresses. Ultimately, it is expected that this review will be beneficial in breeding improved traits in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jun-Jie Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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30
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Li S, Sun Z, Sang Q, Qin C, Kong L, Huang X, Liu H, Su T, Li H, He M, Fang C, Wang L, Liu S, Liu B, Liu B, Fu X, Kong F, Lu S. Soybean reduced internode 1 determines internode length and improves grain yield at dense planting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7939. [PMID: 38040709 PMCID: PMC10692089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major cereal crops have benefitted from Green Revolution traits such as shorter and more compact plants that permit high-density planting, but soybean has remained relatively overlooked. To balance ideal soybean yield with plant height under dense planting, shortening of internodes without reducing the number of nodes and pods is desired. Here, we characterized a short-internode soybean mutant, reduced internode 1 (rin1). Partial loss of SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA 105 3a (SPA3a) underlies rin1. RIN1 physically interacts with two homologs of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), STF1 and STF2, to promote their degradation. RIN1 regulates gibberellin metabolism to control internode development through a STF1/STF2-GA2ox7 regulatory module. In field trials, rin1 significantly enhances grain yield under high-density planting conditions comparing to its wild type of elite cultivar. rin1 mutants therefore could serve as valuable resources for improving grain yield under high-density cultivation and in soybean-maize intercropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lingping Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tong Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Milan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuangrong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Sijia Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Clark CB, Zhang D, Wang W, Ma J. Identification and mapping of a recessive allele, dt3, specifying semideterminate stem growth habit in soybean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:258. [PMID: 38032373 PMCID: PMC10689528 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A locus, dt3, modulating semideterminancy in soybean, was discovered by a combination of genome-wide association studies and linkage mapping with multiple distinct biparental populations. Stem growth habit is a key architectural trait in many plants that contributes to plant productivity and environmental adaptation. In soybean, stem growth habit is classified as indeterminate, semideterminate, or determinate, of which semideterminacy is often considered as a counterpart of the "Green Revolution" trait in cereals that significantly increased grain yields. It has been demonstrated that semideterminacy in soybean is modulated by epistatic interaction between two loci, Dt1 on chromosome 19 and Dt2 on chromosome 18, with the latter as a negative regulator of the former. Here, we report the discovery of a third locus, Dt3, modulating soybean stem growth habit, which was delineated to a ~ 196-kb region on chromosome 10 by a combination of allelic and haplotypic analysis of the Dt1 and Dt2 loci in the USDA soybean Germplasm Collection, genome-wide association studies with three subsets of the collection, and linkage mapping with four biparental populations derived from crosses between one of two elite indeterminate cultivars and each of four semideterminate varieties possessing neither Dt2 nor dt1. These four semideterminate varieties are recessive mutants (i.e., dt3/dt3) in the Dt1/Dt1;dt2/dt2 background. As the semideterminacy modulated by the Dt2 allele has unfavorable pleotropic effects such as sensitivity to drought stress, dt3 may be an ideal alternative for use to develop semideterminate cultivars that are more resilient to such an environmental stress. This study enhances our understanding of the genetic factors underlying semideterminacy and enables more accurate marker-assisted selection for stem growth habit in soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chancelor B Clark
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Dajian Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10091, China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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32
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Tayade R, Imran M, Ghimire A, Khan W, Nabi RBS, Kim Y. Molecular, genetic, and genomic basis of seed size and yield characteristics in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1195210. [PMID: 38034572 PMCID: PMC10684784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1195210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is a crucial oilseed cash crop grown worldwide and consumed as oil, protein, and food by humans and feed by animals. Comparatively, soybean seed yield is lower than cereal crops, such as maize, rice, and wheat, and the demand for soybean production does not keep up with the increasing consumption level. Therefore, increasing soybean yield per unit area is the most crucial breeding objective and is challenging for the scientific community. Moreover, yield and associated traits are extensively researched in cereal crops, but little is known about soybeans' genetics, genomics, and molecular regulation of yield traits. Soybean seed yield is a complex quantitative trait governed by multiple genes. Understanding the genetic and molecular processes governing closely related attributes to seed yield is crucial to increasing soybean yield. Advances in sequencing technologies have made it possible to conduct functional genomic research to understand yield traits' genetic and molecular underpinnings. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in the genetic regulation of seed size in soybean, molecular, genetics, and genomic bases of yield, and related key seed yield traits. In addition, phytohormones, such as auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid, regulate seed size and yield. Hence, we also highlight the implications of these factors, challenges in soybean yield, and seed trait improvement. The information reviewed in this study will help expand the knowledge base and may provide the way forward for developing high-yielding soybean cultivars for future food demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Tayade
- Upland Field Machinery Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Division of Biosafety, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabul-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Ghimire
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Waleed Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Rizwana Begum Syed Nabi
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonha Kim
- Upland Field Machinery Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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33
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Jia B, Cui H, Zhang D, Hu B, Li Y, Shen Y, Cai X, Sun X, Sun M. The conserved evolution of plant H +-ATPase family and the involvement of soybean H +-ATPases in sodium bicarbonate stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108133. [PMID: 37883915 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases are essential pumps involved in multiple physiological processes. They play a significant role in regulating pH homeostasis and membrane potential by generating the electrochemical gradient of the proton across the plasma membrane. However, information on soybean PM H+-ATPase is still limited. In this study, we conducted the evolutionary analysis of PM H+-ATPases in land plants and investigated the subfamily classification and whole genome duplication of PM H+-ATPases in angiosperms. We further characterized the extremely high conservation of the soybean PM H+-ATPase family in terms of gene structure, domain architecture, and protein sequence identity. Using the yeast system, we confirmed the highly conserved biochemical characteristics (14-3-3 binding affinity and pump activity) of soybean PM H+-ATPases and their conserved function in enhancing tolerance to high pH and NaHCO3 stresses. Meanwhile, our results also revealed their divergence in the transcriptional expression in different tissues and under sodium bicarbonate stress. Finally, the function of soybean PM H+-ATPases in conferring sodium bicarbonate tolerance was validated using transgenic Arabidopsis. Together, these results conclude that the soybean PM H+-ATPase is evolutionarily conserved and positively regulates the response to sodium bicarbonate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Jia
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology, and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongli Cui
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Dajian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bingshuang Hu
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiaoxi Cai
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
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Fang X, Feng X, Sun X, Yang X, Li Q, Yang X, Xu J, Zhou M, Lin C, Sui Y, Zhao L, Liu B, Kong F, Zhang C, Li M. Natural variation of MS2 confers male fertility and drives hybrid breeding in soybean. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2322-2332. [PMID: 37475199 PMCID: PMC10579707 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A complete and genetically stable male sterile line with high outcrossing rate is a prerequisite for the development of commercial hybrid soybean. It was reported in the last century that the soybean male sterile ms2 mutant has the highest record with seed set. Here we report the cloning and characterization of the MS2 gene in soybean, which encodes a protein that is specifically expressed in the anther. MS2 functions in the tapetum and microspore by directly regulating genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the lipid metabolism, which is essential for the formation of microspore cell wall. Through comparison of the field performance with the widely used male sterile mutants in the same genetic background, we demonstrated that the ms2 mutant conducts the best in outcrossing rate and makes it an ideal tool in building a cost-effective hybrid system for soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangchi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Xulei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Core Facility and Technical Service Center for SLSB, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunjing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Yi Sui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Limei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Meina Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
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35
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Wang Y, Hu C, Wang X, Shi G, Lei Z, Tang Y, Zhang H, Wuriyanghan H, Zhao X. Selenium-induced rhizosphere microorganisms endow salt-sensitive soybeans with salt tolerance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116827. [PMID: 37544471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a prevalent abiotic stress that adversely affects soybean production. Rhizosphere microorganisms have been shown to modulate the rhizosphere microenvironment of plants, leading to improved stress resistance. Selenium is known to optimize the rhizosphere microbial community, however, it remains uncertain whether selenium-induced rhizosphere microorganisms can enhance plant salt tolerance. In this study, we selected two soybean varieties, including salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive, and conducted pot experiments to explore the impact of selenium application on the structure and composition of the rhizosphere microbial community of soybean plants under salt stress. Four salt-tolerant bacteria from salt-tolerant soybean rhizosphere soil fertilized with selenium under salt stress were isolated, and their effects on improving salt tolerance in salt-sensitive soybean were also investigated. Our results showed that selenium application enhanced soybean salt tolerance by optimizing the structure of the plant rhizosphere microbial community and improving soil enzyme activities in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Moreover, compared with salt-only treatment, inoculation of the four bacteria led to a significant increase in the plant height (7.2%-19.8%), aboveground fresh weight (57.3%-73.5%), SPAD value (8.4%-30.3%), and K+ content (4.5%-12.1%) of salt-sensitive soybean, while reducing the content of proline (84.5%-94%), MDA (26.5%-49.3%), and Na+ (7.1%-21.3%). High-throughput sequencing of the 16 S ribosomal RNA gene indicated that the four bacteria played a crucial role in changing the community structure of salt-sensitive soybean and mitigating the effects of salt stress. This study highlighted the importance of selenium combined with beneficial microorganisms in the plant rhizosphere in alleviating salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, 49 Xilinguole Road, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Zheng Lei
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanni Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, 49 Xilinguole Road, Hohhot, 010020, China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Xu Y, Song D, Qi X, Asad M, Wang S, Tong X, Jiang Y, Wang S. Physiological responses and transcriptome analysis of soybean under gradual water deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269884. [PMID: 37954991 PMCID: PMC10639147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an important food and oil crop widely cultivated globally. However, water deficit can seriously affect the yield and quality of soybeans. In order to ensure the stability and increase of soybean yield and improve agricultural water use efficiency (WUE), research on improving drought tolerance and the efficiency of water utilization of soybeans under drought stress has become particularly important. This study utilized the drought-tolerant variety Heinong 44 (HN44) and the drought-sensitive variety Suinong 14 (SN14) to analyze physiological responses and transcriptome changes during the gradual water deficit at the early seed-filling stage. The results indicated that under drought conditions, HN44 had smaller stomata, higher stomatal density, and lower stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate as compared to SN14. Additionally, HN44 had a higher abscisic acid (ABA) content and faster changes in stomatal morphology and Gs to maintain a dynamic balance between net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and Gs. Additionally, drought-tolerant variety HN44 had high instantaneous WUE under water deficit. Further, HN44 retained a high level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content, mitigating malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and drought-induced damage. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome data revealed that HN44 had fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under light drought stress, reacting insensitivity to water deficit. At the initial stage of drought stress, both varieties had a large number of upregulated DEGs to cope with the drought stress. Under severe drought stress, HN44 had fewer downregulated genes enriched in the photosynthesis pathway than SN14, while it had more upregulated genes enriched in the ABA-mediated signaling and glutathione metabolism pathways than SN14. During gradual water deficit, HN44 demonstrated better drought-tolerant physiological characteristics and water use efficiency than SN14 through key DEGs such as GmbZIP4, LOC100810474, and LOC100819313 in the major pathways. Key transcription factors were screened and identified, providing further clarity on the molecular regulatory pathways responsible for the physiological differences in drought tolerance among these varieties. This study deepened the understanding of the drought resistance mechanisms in soybeans, providing valuable references for drought-resistant soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Xu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Di Song
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Xingliang Qi
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Sui Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Green Food Science/National Soybean Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin, China
| | - Shaodong Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Harbin, China
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Rahmati Ishka M, Julkowska M. Tapping into the plasticity of plant architecture for increased stress resilience. F1000Res 2023; 12:1257. [PMID: 38434638 PMCID: PMC10905174 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140649.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture develops post-embryonically and emerges from a dialogue between the developmental signals and environmental cues. Length and branching of the vegetative and reproductive tissues were the focus of improvement of plant performance from the early days of plant breeding. Current breeding priorities are changing, as we need to prioritize plant productivity under increasingly challenging environmental conditions. While it has been widely recognized that plant architecture changes in response to the environment, its contribution to plant productivity in the changing climate remains to be fully explored. This review will summarize prior discoveries of genetic control of plant architecture traits and their effect on plant performance under environmental stress. We review new tools in phenotyping that will guide future discoveries of genes contributing to plant architecture, its plasticity, and its contributions to stress resilience. Subsequently, we provide a perspective into how integrating the study of new species, modern phenotyping techniques, and modeling can lead to discovering new genetic targets underlying the plasticity of plant architecture and stress resilience. Altogether, this review provides a new perspective on the plasticity of plant architecture and how it can be harnessed for increased performance under environmental stress.
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Jiang A, Liu J, Gao W, Ma R, Zhang J, Zhang X, Du C, Yi Z, Fang X, Zhang J. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Key Genes Related to Shade Tolerance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14230. [PMID: 37762532 PMCID: PMC10531609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important crop, rich in proteins, vegetable oils and several other phytochemicals, which is often affected by light during growth. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of leaf development under shade conditions have yet to be understood. In this study, the transcriptome and metabolome sequencing of leaves from the shade-tolerant soybean 'Nanxiadou 25' under natural light (ND1) and 50% shade rate (SHND1) were carried out, respectively. A total of 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 144 down-regulated and 121 up-regulated genes. Meanwhile, KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed and 22 DEGs were significantly enriched in the top five pathways, including histidine metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis. Among all the enrichment pathways, the most DEGs were enriched in plant hormone signaling pathways with 19 DEGs being enriched. Transcription factors were screened out and 34 differentially expressed TFs (DETFs) were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed and identified 10 core hub genes. Combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome screened out 36 DEGs, and 12 potential candidate genes were screened out and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay, which may be related to the mechanism of shade tolerance in soybean, such as ATP phosphoribosyl transferase (ATP-PRT2), phosphocholine phosphatase (PEPC), AUXIN-RESPONSIVE PROTEIN (IAA17), PURPLE ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP), etc. Our results provide new knowledge for the identification and function of candidate genes regulating soybean shade tolerance and provide valuable resources for the genetic dissection of soybean shade tolerance molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohua Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weiran Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ronghan Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jijun Zhang
- Institute of Specialty Crop, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Institute of Specialty Crop, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Chengzhang Du
- Institute of Specialty Crop, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zelin Yi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaomei Fang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Jiang A, Liu J, Gao W, Ma R, Tan P, Liu F, Zhang J. Construction of a genetic map and QTL mapping of seed size traits in soybean. Front Genet 2023; 14:1248315. [PMID: 37693311 PMCID: PMC10485605 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean seed size and seed shape traits are closely related to plant yield and appearance quality. In this study, 186 individual plants of the F2 generation derived from crosses between Changjiang Chun 2 and JiYu 166 were selected as the mapping population to construct a molecular genetic linkage map, and the phenotypic data of hundred-grain weight, seed length, seed width, and seed length-to-width ratio of soybean under three generations of F2 single plants and F2:3 and F2:4 lines were combined to detect the QTL (quantitative trait loci) for the corresponding traits by ICIM mapping. A soybean genetic map containing 455 markers with an average distance of 6.15 cM and a total length of 2799.2 cM was obtained. Forty-nine QTLs related to the hundred-grain weight, seed length, seed width, and seed length-to-width ratio of soybean were obtained under three environmental conditions. A total of 10 QTLs were detected in more than two environments with a phenotypic variation of over 10%. Twelve QTL clusters were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 13, 18, and 19, with the majority of the overlapping intervals for hundred-grain weight and seed width. These results will lay the theoretical and technical foundation for molecularly assisted breeding in soybean seed weight and seed shape. Eighteen candidate genes that may be involved in the regulation of soybean seed size were screened by gene functional annotation and GO enrichment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Liu Y, Liu Y, He Y, Yan Y, Yu X, Ali M, Pan C, Lu G. Cytokinin-inducible response regulator SlRR6 controls plant height through gibberellin and auxin pathways in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4471-4488. [PMID: 37115725 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is a key agronomic trait regulated by several phytohormones such as gibberellins (GAs) and auxin. However, little is known about how cytokinin (CK) participates in this process. Here, we report that SlRR6, a type-A response regulator in the CK signaling pathway, positively regulates plant height in tomato. SlRR6 was induced by exogenous kinetin and GA3, but inhibited by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Knock out of SlRR6 reduced tomato plant height through shortening internode length, while overexpression of SlRR6 caused taller plants due to increased internode number. Cytological observation of longitudinal stems showed that both knock out and overexpression of SlRR6 generated larger cells, but significantly reduced cell numbers in each internode. Further studies demonstrated that overexpression of SlRR6 enhanced GA accumulation and lowered IAA content, along with expression changes in GA- and IAA-related genes. Exogenous paclobutrazol and IAA treatments restored the increased plant height phenotype in SlRR6-overexpressing lines. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that SlRR6 interacts with a small auxin up RNA protein, SlSAUR58. Moreover, SlSAUR58-overexpressing plants were dwarf with decreased internode length. Overall, our findings establish SlRR6 as a vital component in the CK signaling, GA, and IAA regulatory network that controls plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yanqiu Yan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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41
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Ahn E, Botkin J, Curtin SJ, Zsögön A. Ideotype breeding and genome engineering for legume crop improvement. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 82:102961. [PMID: 37331239 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ideotype breeding is a strategy whereby traits are modeled a priori and then introduced into a model or crop species to assess their impact on yield. Thus, knowledge about the connection between genotype and phenotype is required for ideotype breeding to be deployed successfully. The growing understanding of the genetic basis of yield-related traits, combined with increasingly efficient genome engineering tools, improved transformation efficiency, and high-throughput genotyping of regenerants paves the way for the widespread adoption of ideotype breeding as a complement to conventional breeding. We briefly discuss how ideotype breeding, coupled with such state-of-the-art biotechnological tools, could contribute to knowledge-based legume breeding and accelerate yield gains to ensure food security in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Ahn
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Science Research Unit, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jacob Botkin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Shaun J Curtin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Science Research Unit, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
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Huang J, Lin Q, Fei H, He Z, Xu H, Li Y, Qu K, Han P, Gao Q, Li B, Liu G, Zhang L, Hu J, Zhang R, Zuo E, Luo Y, Ran Y, Qiu JL, Zhao KT, Gao C. Discovery of deaminase functions by structure-based protein clustering. Cell 2023; 186:3182-3195.e14. [PMID: 37379837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of protein function and its exploitation in bioengineering have greatly advanced the life sciences. Protein mining efforts generally rely on amino acid sequences rather than protein structures. We describe here the use of AlphaFold2 to predict and subsequently cluster an entire protein family based on predicted structure similarities. We selected deaminase proteins to analyze and identified many previously unknown properties. We were surprised to find that most proteins in the DddA-like clade were not double-stranded DNA deaminases. We engineered the smallest single-strand-specific cytidine deaminase, enabling efficient cytosine base editor (CBE) to be packaged into a single adeno-associated virus (AAV). Importantly, we profiled a deaminase from this clade that edits robustly in soybean plants, which previously was inaccessible to CBEs. These discovered deaminases, based on AI-assisted structural predictions, greatly expand the utility of base editors for therapeutic and agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiupeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Qi Biodesign, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunli Qu
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Han
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Boshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jiacheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erwei Zuo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jin-Long Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Gao Y, Zhu J, Zhai H, Xu K, Zhu X, Wu H, Zhang W, Wu S, Chen X, Xia Z. Dysfunction of an Anaphase-Promoting Complex Subunit 8 Homolog Leads to Super-Short Petioles and Enlarged Petiole Angles in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11024. [PMID: 37446203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant height, petiole length, and the angle of the leaf petiole and branch angles are crucial traits determining plant architecture and yield in soybean (Glycine max L.). Here, we characterized a soybean mutant with super-short petioles (SSP) and enlarged petiole angles (named Gmssp) through phenotypic observation, anatomical structure analysis, and bulk sequencing analysis. To identify the gene responsible for the Gmssp mutant phenotype, we established a pipeline involving bulk sequencing, variant calling, functional annotation by SnpEFF (v4.0e) software, and Integrative Genomics Viewer analysis, and we initially identified Glyma.11G026400, encoding a homolog of Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8 (APC8). Another mutant, t7, with a large deletion of many genes including Glyma.11G026400, has super-short petioles and an enlarged petiole angle, similar to the Gmssp phenotype. Characterization of the t7 mutant together with quantitative trait locus mapping and allelic variation analysis confirmed Glyma.11G026400 as the gene involved in the Gmssp phenotype. In Gmssp, a 4 bp deletion in Glyma.11G026400 leads to a 380 aa truncated protein due to a premature stop codon. The dysfunction or absence of Glyma.11G026400 caused severe defects in morphology, anatomical structure, and physiological traits. Transcriptome analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed multiple pathways likely involved in these phenotypes, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and gibberellin-mediated pathways. Our results demonstrate that dysfunction of Glyma.11G026400 leads to diverse functional consequences in different tissues, indicating that this APC8 homolog plays key roles in cell differentiation and elongation in a tissue-specific manner. Deciphering the molecular control of petiole length and angle enriches our knowledge of the molecular network regulating plant architecture in soybean and should facilitate the breeding of high-yielding soybean cultivars with compact plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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Kosmalski M, Frankowski R, Deska K, Różycka-Kosmalska M, Pietras T. Exploring the Impact of Nutrition on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: Unveiling the Roles of Various Foods, Food Components, and Compounds. Nutrients 2023; 15:2838. [PMID: 37447164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to introduce standardized treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its global prevalence and the complications of this disease. Many studies have revealed that food-derived substances may be beneficial in dealing with this disease. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the recently published studies on the food-derived treatment options for NAFLD. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as "NAFLD", "nutrition", "food", "derived", "therapy", and "guidelines" yielded 219 relevant papers for our analysis, published from 2004 to 2023. The results show the significant benefits of food-derived treatment in NAFLD therapy, including improvements in liver histology, hepatic fat amounts, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and other metabolic measures. The availability of the substances discussed makes them a significant adjuvant in the treatment of this disease. The usefulness of Viusid as additional therapy to diet and physical activity should be emphasized due to improvements in liver histology; however, many other substances lead to a decrease in liver fat amounts including, e.g., berberine or omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, the synbiotic Protexin seems to be useful in terms of NAFLD treatment, especially because it is effective in both obese and lean subjects. Based on the latest research results, we suggest revising the therapeutic recommendations for patients suffering from NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Frankowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kacper Deska
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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45
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Babaei S, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Circular RNAs modulate the floral fate acquisition in soybean shoot apical meristem. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:322. [PMID: 37328881 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max), a major oilseed and protein source, requires a short-day photoperiod for floral induction. Though key transcription factors controlling flowering have been identified, the role of the non-coding genome is limited. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) recently emerged as a novel class of RNAs with critical regulatory functions. However, a study on circRNAs during the floral transition of a crop plant is lacking. We investigated the expression and potential function of circRNAs in floral fate acquisition by soybean shoot apical meristem in response to short-day treatment. RESULTS Using deep sequencing and in-silico analysis, we denoted 384 circRNAs, with 129 exhibiting short-day treatment-specific expression patterns. We also identified 38 circRNAs with predicted binding sites for miRNAs that could affect the expression of diverse downstream genes through the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Notably, four different circRNAs with potential binding sites for an important microRNA module regulating developmental phase transition in plants, miR156 and miR172, were identified. We also identified circRNAs arising from hormonal signaling pathway genes, especially abscisic acid, and auxin, suggesting an intricate network leading to floral transition. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the gene regulatory complexity during the vegetative to reproductive transition and paves the way to unlock floral transition in a crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Babaei
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohan B Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Prem L Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Wu G, Fei L, Deng L, Yang H, Han M, Han Z, Zhao L. Identification of Soybean Mutant Lines Based on Dual-Branch CNN Model Fusion Framework Utilizing Images from Different Organs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2315. [PMID: 37375940 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The accurate identification and classification of soybean mutant lines is essential for developing new plant varieties through mutation breeding. However, most existing studies have focused on the classification of soybean varieties. Distinguishing mutant lines solely by their seeds can be challenging due to their high genetic similarities. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a dual-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) composed of two identical single CNNs to fuse the image features of pods and seeds together to solve the soybean mutant line classification problem. Four single CNNs (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet18, and ResNet50) were used to extract features, and the output features were fused and input into the classifier for classification. The results demonstrate that dual-branch CNNs outperform single CNNs, with the dual-ResNet50 fusion framework achieving a 90.22 ± 0.19% classification rate. We also identified the most similar mutant lines and genetic relationships between certain soybean lines using a clustering tree and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding algorithm. Our study represents one of the primary efforts to combine various organs for the identification of soybean mutant lines. The findings of this investigation provide a new path to select potential lines for soybean mutation breeding and signify a meaningful advancement in the propagation of soybean mutant line recognition technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Wu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257091, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lin Fei
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Limiao Deng
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257091, China
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haoyan Yang
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meng Han
- Rural Revitalization Service Center, Shizhong District, Zaozhuang 277000, China
| | - Zhongzhi Han
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257091, China
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Longgang Zhao
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257091, China
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Yuan J, Song Q. Polyploidy and diploidization in soybean. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:51. [PMID: 37313224 PMCID: PMC10244302 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is widespread and particularly common in angiosperms. The prevalence of polyploidy in the plant suggests it as a crucial driver of diversification and speciation. The paleopolyploid soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crops of plant protein and oil for humans and livestock. Soybean experienced two rounds of whole genome duplication around 13 and 59 million years ago. Due to the relatively slow process of post-polyploid diploidization, most genes are present in multiple copies across the soybean genome. Growing evidence suggests that polyploidization and diploidization could cause rapid and dramatic changes in genomic structure and epigenetic modifications, including gene loss, transposon amplification, and reorganization of chromatin architecture. This review is focused on recent progresses about genetic and epigenetic changes during polyploidization and diploidization of soybean and represents the challenges and potentials for application of polyploidy in soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Qingxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
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Fang X, Sun Y, Li J, Li M, Zhang C. Male sterility and hybrid breeding in soybean. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:47. [PMID: 37309310 PMCID: PMC10248680 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid breeding can help us to meet the challenge of feeding a growing world population with limited agricultural land. The demand for soybean is expected to grow; however, the hybrid soybean is still in the process of commercialization even though considerable progress has been made in soybean genome and genetic studies in recent years. Here, we summarize recent advances in male sterility-based breeding programs and the current status of hybrid soybean breeding. A number of male-sterile lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), genic-controlled photoperiod/thermo-sensitive male sterility, and stable nuclear male sterility (GMS) have been identified in soybean. More than 40 hybrid soybean varieties have been bred using the CMS three-line hybrid system and the cultivation of hybrid soybean is still under way. The key to accelerating hybrid soybean breeding is to increase the out-crossing rate in an economical way. This review outlines current problems with the hybrid soybean breeding systems and explores the current efforts to make the hybrid soybean a commercial success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Meina Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Chunbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
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49
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Wang X, Zhou X, Qu Z, Yan C, Ma C, Liu J, Dong S. Regulation of soybean drought response by mepiquat chloride pretreatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1149114. [PMID: 37235038 PMCID: PMC10207941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1149114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Soybean is the world's most important cultivated crop, and drought can affect their growth and, eventually, yields. Foliar application of mepiquat chloride (MC) can potentially alleviate the damage caused by drought stress in plants; however, the mechanism of MC regulation of soybean drought response has not been studied. Methods This study investigated the mechanism of soybean drought response regulation by mepiquat chloride in two varieties of soybean, sensitive Heinong 65 (HN65) and drought-tolerant Heinong44 (HN44), under three treatment scenarios, normal, drought stress, and drought stress + MC conditions. Results and discussion MC promoted dry matter accumulation under drought stress, reduced plant height, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, and significantly decreased malondialdehyde content. The light capture processes, photosystems I and II, were inhibited; however, accumulation and upregulation of several amino acids and flavonoids by MC was observed. Multi-omics joint analysis indicated 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism and isoflavone biosynthetic pathways to be the core pathways by which MC regulated soybean drought response. Candidate genes such as LOC100816177, SOMT-2, LOC100784120, LOC100797504, LOC100794610, and LOC100819853 were identified to be crucial for the drought resistance of soybeans. Finally, a model was constructed to systematically describe the regulatory mechanism of MC application in soybean under drought stress. This study fills the research gap of MC in the field of soybean resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Lab of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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50
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Shi X, Chen L, Qin J, Zhang M, Yang C, Song Q, Yan L. Development of SNP marker panels for genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) and its application in soybean. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:26. [PMID: 37313526 PMCID: PMC10248699 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput genotyping platform with customized flexibility, high genotyping accuracy, and low cost is critical for marker-assisted selection and genetic mapping in soybean. Three assay panels were selected from the SoySNP50K, 40K, 20K, and 10K arrays, containing 41,541, 20,748, and 9670 SNP markers, respectively, for genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS). Fifteen representative accessions were used to assess the accuracy and consistency of the SNP alleles identified by the SNP panels and sequencing platform. The SNP alleles were 99.87% identical between technical replicates and 98.86% identical between the 40K SNP GBTS panel and 10× resequencing analysis. The GBTS method was also accurate in the sense that the genotypic dataset of the 15 representative accessions correctly revealed the pedigree of the accessions, and the biparental progeny datasets correctly constructed the linkage maps of the SNPs. The 10K panel was also used to genotype two parent-derived populations and analyze QTLs controlling 100-seed weight, resulting in the identification of the stable associated genetic locus Locus_OSW_06 on chromosome 06. The markers flanking the QTL explained 7.05% and 9.83% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Compared with GBS and DNA chips, the 40K, 20K, and 10K panels reduced costs by 5.07% and 58.28%, 21.44% and 65.48%, and 35.74% and 71.76%, respectively. Low-cost genotyping panels could facilitate soybean germplasm assessment, genetic linkage map construction, QTL identification, and genomic selection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01372-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 162 Hengshan St, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Mol Breeding Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 136 Huanghe Parkway, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 162 Hengshan St, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Lai Shan District, Yantai, 264005 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Qin
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 162 Hengshan St, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 162 Hengshan St, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 162 Hengshan St, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD USA
| | - Long Yan
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 162 Hengshan St, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei People’s Republic of China
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