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El Kawak M, Al Hassanieh J, Berjawi M, Jurdi M, Abiad MG, Yassin N, Dhaini HR. Cytotoxicity of water supply in a Palestinian refugee camp and a Syrian informal tented settlement in Lebanon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294679. [PMID: 38165866 PMCID: PMC10760689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) significantly account for a high burden of disease across the globe. Lebanon, an Eastern Mediterranean lower-middle-income country with a polluted environment, a fragmented healthcare system, and an ongoing severe economic crisis, faces serious challenges in sustaining safe water supplies, especially in vulnerable communities, while also hosting the world highest refugee population per capita. This study aimed to examine the mutagenicity, and the estrogenic and androgenic activities of water supplies, across both a Palestinian refugee camp and a Syrian informal settlement. Water samples were collected from two targeted camps in Dbayeh and Choueifat, North and South of the Capital City Beirut, respectively, between the months of September and October 2022. Microbial and physicochemical properties of samples were determined, including fecal contamination, total dissolved solids, and various minerals and salts. Organic pollutants were extracted using pre-packed solid phase extraction (SPE) columns, and then mutagenicity of extracts was examined using the Ames test in two Salmonella typhi bacterial strains. The estrogenic and androgenic activities of extracts were assessed using the yeast estrogen and androgen screen tests assays (YES/YAS). Results show excessive levels of total coliforms and total dissolved solids (TDS) in samples from both sites. In addition, the water supply from the Dbayeh Palestinian refugee camp is mutagenic, while the water supply from the Choueifat Syrian informal settlement shows anti-androgen activity. Our findings provide valuable WASH baseline data in two major vulnerable communities in Lebanon, and highlight the importance of a water toxicity testing approach concomitant with a water safety plan, based on a holistic strategy that covers all stages of the water supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle El Kawak
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jana Al Hassanieh
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Berjawi
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mey Jurdi
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad G. Abiad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Laboratories for the Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hassan R. Dhaini
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Morales DA, Massei R, Schulze T, Krauss M, Brack W, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G. Mutagenicity of the Danube River: The contribution of liquid phase and particulate suspended matter. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:162-168. [PMID: 35289431 DOI: 10.1002/em.22478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioassays have been used to complement the chemical characterization of aquatic mutagenicity, but the tests sometimes are done only with water liquid phase (LP). Particle-bound mutagens are important because they can be ingested by filtering organisms. Our objective was to evaluate the mutagenicity of organic extracts of the LP and the water suspended particulate matter (SPM) from 13 sites along Danube River with the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay using TA98, YG1041, TA1538, and YG5185 strains. A high incidence of mutagenicity was detected, 84% for LP and 92% for SPM samples. The contribution of SPM to the mutagenicity was relatively small when compared with LP however, for five sites SPM was responsible for the whole mutagenicity, highlighting the importance of analyzing SPM when assessing water mutagenicity. YG1041 was the most sensitive strain and should be considered in future water mutagenicity monitoring programs, but it will depend on the main pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Morales
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Massei
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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de Siqueira WN, de França EJ, Pereira DR, Lima MDV, Silva HAMF, Sá JLF, de Araújo HDA, Melo AMMDA. Toxicity and genotoxicity of domestic sewage sludge in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:69343-69353. [PMID: 34296413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste produced in homes is one of the main sources of pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, it is imperative to implement methodologies that aid in environmental monitoring procedures. The use of organisms as biomonitors has grown increasingly prevalent as they are models that provide data that can be adequately evaluated. In this work, we investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects caused by domestic sewage sludge through an analysis of biomarkers in the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. For the tests, increasing concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 500 mg L-1 of domestic sewage sludge were standardized, in addition to control groups. Assays were performed after the mollusks were exposed to the domestic sewage sludge in acute (48 h) and chronic (15 d) manner. Toxicity tests were performed with embryonic and adult snails. The cytoplasmic and nuclear changes were analyzed in the hemocyte cells. Lastly, genotoxic damage was analyzed using the comet assay. Adult snails and embryos of B. glabrata showed no significant morphological changes. Domestic sludge caused deleterious effects on mollusks as confirmed after cell genotoxicity tests. Therefore, based on the results obtained from the analysis of B. glabrata hemocytes, we can affirm that domestic sewage sludge causes genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on mollusk cells. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata can be used as a good low-cost alternative to assist in the biomonitoring of freshwater environments. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Nascimento de Siqueira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Recife, PE, 50780-901, Brazil.
| | - Elvis Joacir de França
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dewson Rocha Pereira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maíra de Vasconcelos Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - José Luís Ferreira Sá
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Alemayehu YA, Asfaw SL, Terfie TA. Exposure to urban particulate matter and its association with human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27491-27506. [PMID: 32410189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human health and environmental risks are increasing following air pollution associated with vehicular and industrial emissions in which particulate matter is a constituent. The purpose of this review was to assess studies on the health effects and mortality induced by particles published for the last 15 years. The literature survey indicated the existence of strong positive associations between fine and ultrafine particles' exposure and cardiovascular, hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer health risks, and mortality. Its exposure is also associated with increased odds of hypertensive and diabetes disorders of pregnancy and premature deaths. The ever increasing hospital admission and mortality due to heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer could be due to long-term exposure to particles in different countries. Therefore, its effect should be communicated for legal and scientific actions to minimize emissions mainly from traffic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyoum Leta Asfaw
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Alemu Terfie
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Ropek N, Huber WW, Haslinger E, Knasmueller S. Use of human derived liver cells for the detection of genotoxins in comet assays. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:402995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Durán C, Blanco V, Piccini C, Zunino P, Rodríguez E. A Simple and Effective Method for Extracting Potential Mutagens from Sediment Samples in the Classroom Laboratory Setting. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2018; 19:jmbe-19-60. [PMID: 29904547 PMCID: PMC5969433 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.v19i1.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple and effective method for the extraction of potential mutagens from sediment samples. This method is straightforward and does not require expensive laboratory equipment, thus enabling instructors to analyze the presence of mutagenic substances in a conventional classroom setting. Additionally, we found that students felt encouraged to add the Ames test to the list of analyses they traditionally employ with sediment samples. This link between the environment and the Ames test provided an authentic learning context for students, bridging the gap between the "real-world" and the classroom laboratory, and thus making the educational experience more engaging and meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Durán
- Unidad Académica de Laboratorios Prácticos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Blanco
- Unidad Académica de Laboratorios Prácticos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Uruguay
| | - Eliana Rodríguez
- Unidad Académica de Laboratorios Prácticos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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Vincent-Hubert F, Uher E, Di Giorgio C, Michel C, De Meo M, Gourlay-France C. Use of low density polyethylene membranes for assessment of genotoxicity of PAHs in the Seine River. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:165-172. [PMID: 27933552 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of river water dissolved contaminants is usually estimated after grab sampling of river water. Water contamination can now be obtained with passive samplers that allow a time-integrated sampling of contaminants. Since it was verified that low density polyethylene membranes (LDPE) accumulate labile hydrophobic compounds, their use was proposed as a passive sampler. This study was designed to test the applicability of passive sampling for combined chemical and genotoxicity measurements. The LDPE extracts were tested with the umu test (TA1535/pSK1002 ± S9) and the Ames assay (TA98, TA100 and YG1041 ± S9). We describe here this new protocol and its application in two field studies on four sites of the Seine River. Field LDPE extracts were negative with the YG1041 and TA100 and weakly positive with the TA98 + S9 and Umu test. Concentrations of labile mutagenic PAHs were higher upstream of Paris than downstream of Paris. Improvement of the method is needed to determine the genotoxicity of low concentrations of labile dissolved organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Vincent-Hubert
- IRSTEA, UR Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS10030, 92761, Antony cedex, France.
- Present address: IFREMER, Laboratoire de Microbiologie - LNR, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F 44311, Nantes, Cedex 03, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Uher
- IRSTEA, UR Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS10030, 92761, Antony cedex, France
| | - Carole Di Giorgio
- Biogénotoxicologie et Mutagenèse Environnementales (EA 1784), Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Michel
- IRSTEA, UR Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS10030, 92761, Antony cedex, France
| | - Michel De Meo
- Biogénotoxicologie et Mutagenèse Environnementales (EA 1784), Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Gourlay-France
- IRSTEA, UR Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS10030, 92761, Antony cedex, France
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Balabanič D, Filipič M, Krivograd Klemenčič A, Žegura B. Raw and biologically treated paper mill wastewater effluents and the recipient surface waters: Cytotoxic and genotoxic activity and the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:78-89. [PMID: 27623529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Paper mill effluents are complex mixtures containing different toxic compounds including endocrine-disrupting (EDCs) and genotoxic compounds. In the present study non-concentrated raw and biologically treated wastewaters from two paper mill plants with different paper production technologies i) Paper mill A uses virgin fibres, and ii) Paper mill B uses recycled fibres for paper production and the corresponding receiving surface waters, were assessed for their cytotoxic/genotoxic activity with SOS/umuC, Ames MPF 98/100 Aqua, and comet assay with human hepatoma HepG2 cells. In addition the levels of seven selected EDCs were quantified in wastewater samples and receiving surface waters. All investigated EDCs were confirmed in raw and biologically treated effluents from both paper mills with concentrations being markedly higher in Paper mill B effluents. In the receiving surface waters three of the studied EDCs were determined downstream of both paper mills effluent discharge. The wastewater samples and the recipient surface water samples from Paper mill A were not mutagenic for bacteria and did not induce DNA damage in HepG2 cells. On the contrary, half of the raw wastewater samples from Paper mill B were mutagenic whereas biologically treated wastewater and the recipient surface water samples were negative. In HepG2 cells most of the raw and biologically treated wastewater samples from Paper mill B as well as surface water samples collected downstream of Paper mill B effluent discharge induced DNA damage. The results confirmed that genotoxic contaminants were present only in wastewaters from Paper mill B that uses recycled fibres for paper production, and that the combined aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment procedure efficiently reduced contaminants that are bacterial mutagens, but not those that induce DNA damage in HepG2 cells. This study highlights that in addition to chemical analyses bioassays are needed for a comprehensive toxicological evaluation of complex wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjan Balabanič
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Šegova ulica 112, SI-8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia.
| | - Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Hajdrihova 28, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Tappin AD, Millward GE. The English Channel: Contamination status of its transitional and coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:529-550. [PMID: 25649837 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical contamination (organic compounds, metals, radionuclides, microplastics, nutrients) of English Channel waters has been reviewed, focussing on the sources, concentrations and impacts. River loads were only reliable for Pb, whereas atmospheric loads appeared robust for Cd, Pb, Hg, PCB-153 and γ-HCH. Temporal trends in atmospheric inputs were decreasing. Contaminant concentrations in biota were relatively constant or decreasing, but not for Cd, Hg and HBCDD, and deleterious impacts on fish and copepods were reported. However, data on ecotoxicological effects were generally sparse for legacy and emerging contaminants. Intercomparison of activity concentrations of artificial radionuclides in sediments and biota on both Channel coasts was hindered by differences in methodological approaches. Riverine phosphate loads decreased with time, while nitrate loads remained uniform. Increased biomass of algae, attributable to terrestrial inputs of nutrients, has affected benthic production and shellfisheries. A strategic approach to the identification of contaminant impacts on marine biota is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Tappin
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - G E Millward
- Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Knuutinen JS, Ahkola HSJ, Herve SH. Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6473-99. [PMID: 25647495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. The aim is to review the versatile pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination. Among other pollutants, biocides, extractives, and lignin-derived compounds are major contributors to harmful effects, such as toxicity, of industrial wastewaters. Toxicity of wastewaters from pulp and paper mills is briefly evaluated including the methods for toxicity analyses. Traditionally, wastewater purification includes mechanical treatment followed by chemical and/or biological treatment processes. A variety of methods are available for the purification of industrial wastewaters, including aerobic and anaerobic processes. However, some fractions of organic material, such as lignin and its derivatives, are difficult to degrade. Therefore, novel chemical methods, including electrochemical and oxidation processes, have been developed for separate use or in combination with biological treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland,
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Manzano BC, Roberto MM, Hoshina MM, Menegário AA, Marin-Morales MA. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of waters impacted by domestic and industrial effluents of a highly industrialized region of São Paulo State, Brazil, by the comet assay in HTC cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1399-1407. [PMID: 25146123 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The problems that most affect the quality of the waters of rivers and lakes are associated with the discharges performed in these environments, mainly industrial and domestic effluents inappropriately treated or untreated. The comet assay is a sensitive tool and is recommended for studies of environmental biomonitoring, which aim to determine the genotoxicity potential of water pollutants. This study aimed to assess the genotoxic potential of the Ribeirão Tatu waters, region of Limeira, São Paulo (SP), by the comet assay with mammalian cells (hepatoma tissue culture (HTC)). Water samples were collected along the Ribeirão Tatu at three distinct periods: November 2008, February 2009 and August 2009, and five collection sites were established: P1, source of the stream; P2, site located downstream the urban perimeter of the municipality of Cordeirópolis and after receiving the pollution load of this city; P3, collection site located upstream the urban perimeter of the city of Limeira; P4, urban area of Limeira; and P5, rural area of Limeira, downstream the discharges of the city sewage. The results showed that for the November 2008 collection, there was no water sample-induced genotoxicity; for the February 2009 collection, the sites P1 and P2 were statistically significant in relation to the negative control (NC), and for the August 2009 collection, the site P5 was statistically significant. These results could be explained by the content of different metals during the different seasons that are under the influence of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents and also due to the seasonality, since the water samples collected in the period of heavy rain (February 2009) presented a higher genotoxicity possibly due to the entrainment of contaminants into the bed of the stream promoted by the outflow of rainwaters. The comet assay showed to be a useful and sensitive tool in the evaluation of hydric resources impacted by pollutants of diverse origins, and a constant monitoring should be done in order to verify the influence of different factors (season, amount of contaminants) in the water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cassu Manzano
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Gupta P, Mathur P, Mathur N, Aarya B. A comparative study of the sensitivities of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 to hospital waste waters. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:95-100. [PMID: 24718501 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hospitals are a release source of many chemical compounds in their wastewaters. In the present study Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 were analyzed for their sensitivity to hospital waste waters. The results of the study showed that hospital waste waters consists of mutagens causing frame shift mutations and base pair substitutions and amongst the three strains used in this study, TA 102 was most effective which along with TA 98 can be used for quick assessment of genotoxicity of hospital waste waters prior to its discharge. Genotoxic potential of hospital waste waters from five major hospitals located in Jaipur and Delhi was studied. Such waste waters should be treated prior to their discharge. The results of this study call for further detailed study in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, The IIS University, Jaipur, 302020, India,
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Michel C, Bourgeault A, Gourlay-Francé C, Palais F, Geffard A, Vincent-Hubert F. Seasonal and PAH impact on DNA strand-break levels in gills of transplanted zebra mussels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 92:18-26. [PMID: 23490194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity endpoints are useful tools to biomonitor the physicochemical and biological quality of aquatic ecosystems. A caging study on the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha was planned to run over four seasons in the Seine River basin in order to assess whether DNA damage measured in transplanted mussels to polluted area vary according to seasonal changes. Three sites were chosen along the Seine River, one upstream from Paris and two downstream, corresponding to a chemical gradient of water contamination. The DNA strand break (comet assay) and chromosomal damage (micronucleus test) were measured in caged mussels at each site and in winter, spring and summer, along with PAH water contamination, PAH bioaccumulation, the mussel condition index (CI), the gonado-somatic index (GSI) and the filtration rate (FR). The level of DNA strand break measured in winter was low and increased in spring, concomitantly with FR and GSI. Over the same period, micronucleus (MN) frequency and PAH bioaccumulation decreased significantly in caged mussels, with both parameters positively correlated to each other. DNA strand-break levels and MN frequencies showed inter-site variations corresponding to the chemical contamination gradient. These two genotoxicity endpoints usefully complement each other in field studies. These results show that the MN test and comet assay, when applied to gill cells of caged zebra mussels, are sensitive tools for freshwater genotoxicity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Michel
- IRSTEA/CEMAGREF, Unité de Recherches Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes CS 10030, 92761 Antony Cedex, France
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