1
|
Mwema A, Gratpain V, Ucakar B, Vanvarenberg K, Perdaens O, van Pesch V, Muccioli GG, des Rieux A. Impact of calcitriol and PGD 2-G-loaded lipid nanocapsules on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and remyelination. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:3128-3146. [PMID: 38366115 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in need of a curative treatment. MS research has recently focused on the development of pro-remyelinating treatments and neuroprotective therapies. Here, we aimed at favoring remyelination and reducing neuro-inflammation in a cuprizone mouse model of brain demyelination using nanomedicines. We have selected lipid nanocapsules (LNC) coated with the cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of translation (TAT), loaded with either a pro-remyelinating compound, calcitriol (Cal-LNC TAT), or an anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid, prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester (PGD2-G) (PGD2-G-LNC TAT). Following the characterization of these formulations, we showed that Cal-LNC TAT in combination with PGD2-G-LNC TAT increased the mRNA expression of oligodendrocyte differentiation markers both in the CG-4 cell line and in primary mixed glial cell (MGC) cultures. However, while the combination of Cal-LNC TAT and PGD2-G-LNC TAT showed promising results in vitro, no significant impact, in terms of remyelination, astrogliosis, and microgliosis, was observed in vivo in the corpus callosum of cuprizone-treated mice following intranasal administration. Thus, although calcitriol's beneficial effects have been abundantly described in the literature in the context of MS, here, we show that the different doses of calcitriol tested had a negative impact on the mice well-being and showed no beneficial effect in the cuprizone model in terms of remyelination and neuro-inflammation, alone and when combined with PGD2-G-LNC TAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mwema
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viridiane Gratpain
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Océane Perdaens
- Cellular and Molecular Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Cellular and Molecular Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gharibi S, Moghimi B, Mahmoudi MB, Shahvazian E, Yazd EF, Yadegari M, Tahoori MT, Yazdanpanah E, Haghmorad D, Oksenych V. Dysregulation of miR-223, miR-146a, and miR-193a Expression Profile in Acute and Chronic Phases of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 Mice. Cells 2024; 13:1499. [PMID: 39273069 PMCID: PMC11393975 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology. The purpose of this research was to assess miR-223, miR-146a, and miR-193a in acute and chronic phases of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice to consider the possible role of these genes in the pathogenesis of MS. EAE induction was given by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide on female C57BL/6 mice. Clinical scores and other criteria were followed daily until day 21 for the acute group and day 77 for the chronic group. At the end of the course, inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) were assessed by histological analysis. MicroRNA expression levels were assessed by real-time PCR. EAE development attenuated in the chronic group, and histological analysis showed less infiltration and demyelination in the chronic group compared to the acute group. The upper expression of miR-223 is demonstrated in the acute phase of EAE. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-193a decreased in the chronic phase of EAE. MiR-223 showed a highly coordinated elevation in the acute phase both in vivo and in vitro. MiR-146a shares a pathway with miR-223 through effecting IL-6 expression. Further studies are needed to reveal their impact on EAE and possible applications as drug targets and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gharibi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bahram Moghimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Ehsan Farashahi Yazd
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Yadegari
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Tahoori
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Czpakowska J, Kałuża M, Szpakowski P, Głąbiński A. An Overview of Multiple Sclerosis In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7759. [PMID: 39063001 PMCID: PMC11276743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) still poses a challenge in terms of complex etiology, not fully effective methods of treatment, and lack of healing agents. This neurodegenerative condition considerably affects the comfort of life by causing difficulties with movement and worsening cognition. Neuron, astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendrocyte activity is engaged in multiple pathogenic processes associated with MS. These cells are also utilized in creating in vitro cellular models for investigations focusing on MS. In this article, we present and discuss a summary of different in vitro models useful for MS research and describe their development. We discuss cellular models derived from animals or humans and present in the form of primary cell lines or immortalized cell lines. In addition, we characterize cell cultures developed from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Culture conditions (2D and 3D cultures) are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Szpakowski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrzej Głąbiński
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Di Pietro AA, Pasquini LA. A novel in vitro model for investigating oligodendroglial maturation and myelin deposition under demyelinating and remyelinating conditions: Impact of microglial depletion and repopulation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103937. [PMID: 38796120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of multiple sclerosis (MS) have significantly contributed to our understanding of pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic interventions. Various in vivo animal models have successfully replicated key features of MS and associated pathophysiological processes, shedding light on the sequence of events leading to disease initiation, progression, and resolution. Nevertheless, these models often entail substantial costs and prolonged treatment periods. In contrast, in vitro models offer distinct advantages, including cost-effectiveness and precise control over experimental conditions, thereby facilitating more reproducible results. We have developed a novel in vitro model tailored to the study of oligodendroglial maturation and myelin deposition under demyelinating and remyelinating conditions, which encompasses all the cell types present in the central nervous system (CNS). Of note, our model enables the evaluation of microglial cell commitment through a protocol involving their depletion and subsequent repopulation. Given that the development and survival of microglia are critically reliant on colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling, we have employed CSF-1R inhibition to effectively deplete microglia. This versatile model holds promise for the assessment of potential therapies aimed at promoting oligodendroglial differentiation to safeguard and repair myelin, hence mitigate neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Ayelen Di Pietro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Airess, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aire, Argentina.
| | - Laura Andrea Pasquini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Airess, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aire, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei Z, Lin W. Mechanisms Governing Oligodendrocyte Viability in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models. Cells 2024; 13:116. [PMID: 38247808 PMCID: PMC10814231 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is triggered by an autoimmune assault targeting oligodendrocytes and myelin. Recent research indicates that the demise of oligodendrocytes due to an autoimmune attack contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). A key challenge in MS research lies in comprehending the mechanisms governing oligodendrocyte viability and devising therapeutic approaches to enhance oligodendrocyte survival. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings that highlight the contributions of oligodendrocyte death to the development of MS and EAE and summarize the current literature on the mechanisms governing oligodendrocyte viability in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan J, Tao Y, Wang M, Huang F, Wu X. Natural compounds as potential therapeutic candidates for multiple sclerosis: Emerging preclinical evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155248. [PMID: 38096716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with main characteristics of pathological inflammation, neural damage and axonal demyelination. Current mainstream treatments demonstrate more or less side effects, which limit their extensive use. PURPOSE Increasing studies indicate that natural compounds benefit multiple sclerosis without remarkable side effects. Given the needs to explore the potential effects of natural compounds of plant origin on multiple sclerosis and their mechanisms, we review publications involving the role of natural compounds in animal models of multiple sclerosis, excluding controlled trials. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Articles were conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords ``multiple sclerosis'' and ``natural compounds'' published from January 1, 2008, to September 1, 2023. RESULTS This review summarized the effects of natural ingredients (flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, and others) from three aspects: immune regulation, oxidative stress suppression, and myelin protection and regeneration in multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION Overall, we concluded 80 studies to show the preclinical evidence that natural compounds may attenuate multiple sclerosis progression via suppressing immune attacks and/or promoting myelin protection or endogenous repair processes. It would pave the roads for the future development of effective therapeutic regiments of multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ganz T, Zveik O, Fainstein N, Lachish M, Rechtman A, Sofer L, Brill L, Ben-Hur T, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation induction with MAPK/ERK inhibitor fails to support repair processes in the chronically demyelinated CNS. Glia 2023; 71:2815-2831. [PMID: 37610097 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination failure is considered a major obstacle in treating chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have shown blockage in the differentiation of resident oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) into myelin-forming cells, suggesting that pushing OPC into a differentiation program might be sufficient to overcome remyelination failure. Others stressed the need for a permissive environment to allow proper activation, migration, and differentiation of OPC. PD0325901, a MAPK/ERK inhibitor, was previously shown to induce OPC differentiation, non-specific immunosuppression, and a significant therapeutic effect in acute demyelinating MS models. We examined PD0325901 effects in the chronically inflamed central nervous system. Treatment with PD0325901 induced OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes with high morphological complexity. However, treatment of Biozzi mice with chronic-progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with PD0325901 showed no clinical improvement in comparison to the control group, no reduction in demyelination, nor induction of OPC migration into foci of demyelination. PD0325901 induced a direct general immunosuppressive effect on various cell populations, leading to a diminished phagocytic capability of microglia and less activation of lymph-node cells. It also significantly impaired the immune-modulatory functions of OPC. Our findings suggest OPC regenerative function depends on a permissive environment, which may include pro-regenerative inflammatory elements. Furthermore, they indicate that maintaining a delicate balance between the pro-myelinating and immune functions of OPC is of importance. Thus, the highly complex mission of creating a pro-regenerative environment depends upon an appropriate immune response controlled in time, place, and intensity. We suggest the need to employ a multi-systematic therapeutic approach, which cannot be achieved through a single molecule-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Zveik
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marva Lachish
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Rechtman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lihi Sofer
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Livnat Brill
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Althobity AA, Khan N, Sandrock CJ, Woodruff TM, Cowin GJ, Brereton IM, Kurniawan ND. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for detection of pathological changes in the central nervous system of a mouse model of multiple sclerosis in vivo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4964. [PMID: 37122101 PMCID: PMC10909458 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease involving demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigated pathological changes in the lumbar spinal cord of C57BL/6 mice induced with progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease using 9.4-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multiparametric MRI measurements including MR spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and volumetric analyses were applied to detect metabolic changes in the CNS of EAE mice. Compared with healthy mice, EAE mice showed a significant reduction in N-acetyl aspartate and increases in choline, glycine, taurine and lactate. DTI revealed a significant reduction in fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity and an increase in radial diffusivity in the lumbar spinal cord white matter (WM), while in the grey matter (GM), fractional anisotropy increased. High-resolution structural imaging also revealed lumbar spinal cord WM hypertrophy and GM atrophy. Importantly, these MRI changes were strongly correlated with EAE disease scoring and pathological changes in the lumbar (L2-L6), particularly WM demyelination lesions and aggregation of immune cells (microglia/macrophages and astrocytes) in this region. This study identified changes in MRI biomarker signatures that can be useful for evaluating the efficacy of novel drugs using EAE models in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Althobity
- Centre for Advanced ImagingThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Al Azhar HospitalRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Society of Artificial Intelligence in HealthcareRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical SciencesMajmaah UniversityMajmaahSaudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Cheyenne J. Sandrock
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Gary J. Cowin
- Centre for Advanced ImagingThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- NCRIS Australian National Imaging FacilityThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ian M. Brereton
- Centre for Advanced ImagingThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- NCRIS Australian National Imaging FacilityThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vasileiou ES, Fitzgerald KC. Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Updates in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:481-496. [PMID: 37402064 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on current scientific advances and emerging therapeutic approaches in the field of multiple sclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS). MS is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in the young adult population. Through ongoing research, an improved understanding of the disease underlying mechanisms and contributing factors has been achieved. As a result, therapeutic advancements and interventions have been developed specifically targeting the inflammatory components that influence disease outcome. Recently, a new type of immunomodulatory treatment, known as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, has surfaced as a promising tool to combat disease outcomes. Additionally, there is a renewed interested in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a major potentiator of MS. Current research efforts are focused on addressing the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, particularly with respect to non-inflammatory drivers. Significant and compelling evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of MS is complex and requires a comprehensive, multilevel intervention strategy. This review aims to provide an overview of MS pathophysiology and highlights the most recent advances in disease-modifying therapies and other therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni S Vasileiou
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Motor Behavioral Deficits in the Cuprizone Model: Validity of the Rotarod Test Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911342. [PMID: 36232643 PMCID: PMC9570024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder, which is histopathologically characterized by multifocal inflammatory demyelinating lesions affecting both the central nervous system’s white and grey matter. Especially during the progressive phases of the disease, immunomodulatory treatment strategies lose their effectiveness. To develop novel progressive MS treatment options, pre-clinical animal models are indispensable. Among the various different models, the cuprizone de- and remyelination model is frequently used. While most studies determine tissue damage and repair at the histological and ultrastructural level, functional readouts are less commonly applied. Among the various overt functional deficits, gait and coordination abnormalities are commonly observed in MS patients. Motor behavior is mediated by a complex neural network that originates in the cortex and terminates in the skeletal muscles. Several methods exist to determine gait abnormalities in small rodents, including the rotarod testing paradigm. In this review article, we provide an overview of the validity and characteristics of the rotarod test in cuprizone-intoxicated mice.
Collapse
|
11
|
Balashov AV, Pankov VG, Balashov VP, Shikhanov NP, Gushchina SV. Changes in the Neuronal Population of the Spinal Cord of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis as a Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:590-593. [PMID: 36210424 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We performed a quantitative study of the neuronal population in the spinal cord of mice with acute and chronic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunohistological/immunofluorescent analysis with motor neuron marker ChAT revealed a significant decrease in the number of motor neurons in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord in the acute form of autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with the further appearance of large empty (containing no motor neurons) areas in the ventral horns in the chronic form. The development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is accompanied by degradation and death of neurons, in particular ChAT+ motor neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Balashov
- Department of Cytology, Histology, and Embryology with Courses in Medical Biology and Molecular Biology of the Cell, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia.
| | - V G Pankov
- Department of Cytology, Histology, and Embryology with Courses in Medical Biology and Molecular Biology of the Cell, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
| | - V P Balashov
- Department of Cytology, Histology, and Embryology with Courses in Medical Biology and Molecular Biology of the Cell, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
| | - N P Shikhanov
- Department of Normal and Pathological Anatomy with a Course of Forensic Medicine, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
| | - S V Gushchina
- Department of Cytology, Histology, and Embryology with Courses in Medical Biology and Molecular Biology of the Cell, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Osorio-Querejeta I, Alberro A, Suárez J, Sáenz-Cuesta M, Oregi A, Moles L, Muñoz-Culla M, Otaegui D. The innovative animal monitoring device for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (“I AM D EAE”): A more detailed evaluation for improved results. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 63:103836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Yang JH, Rempe T, Whitmire N, Dunn-Pirio A, Graves JS. Therapeutic Advances in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:824926. [PMID: 35720070 PMCID: PMC9205455 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.824926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system that causes significant disability and healthcare burden. The treatment of MS has evolved over the past three decades with development of new, high efficacy disease modifying therapies targeting various mechanisms including immune modulation, immune cell suppression or depletion and enhanced immune cell sequestration. Emerging therapies include CNS-penetrant Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as well as therapies aimed at remyelination or neuroprotection. Therapy development for progressive MS has been more challenging with limited efficacy of current approved agents for inactive disease and older patients with MS. The aim of this review is to provide a broad overview of the current therapeutic landscape for MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Yang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jennifer H. Yang
| | - Torge Rempe
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalie Whitmire
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anastasie Dunn-Pirio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Graves
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu H, Li G, Yin J, Zhang H, Da Y, Li L. Anlotinib attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice model of multiple sclerosis via modulating the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:594-602. [PMID: 35638564 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), the imbalance between T helper (Th)-17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical in autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an established mouse MS model and simulates MS at diverse levels. OBJECTIVES This study aims at investigating the impact of anlotinib on the clinical severity of EAE and CD4+ T cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS EAE-induced mice were treated with water (control) or 6 mg/kg anlotinib by gavage daily. At the peak of EAE, histopathological examination and flow cytometry analysis of CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cells were performed. In vitro differentiation of CD4+ T cells under different conditions was detected by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the impacts of anlotinib on the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the transcription levels of key genes involved in Th17 and Treg differentiation were tested. RESULTS Anlotinib attenuated the clinical severity of EAE and changed the frequencies of CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cell subsets. Anlotinib inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro, decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, and reduced the expression of Rorc. Anlotinib promoted the differentiation of Treg cells and upregulated the expression levels of CD39 and CD73. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Anlotinib alleviated the symptoms of EAE via inhibiting the Th17 cell differentiation and promoting Treg cell differentiation. Our study provides new opportunities for the exploitation of anlotinib as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yurong Da
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Démosthènes A, Sion B, Giraudet F, Moisset X, Daulhac L, Eschalier A, Bégou M. In-Depth Characterization of Somatic and Orofacial Sensitive Dysfunctions and Interfering-Symptoms in a Relapsing-Remitting Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model. Front Neurol 2022; 12:789432. [PMID: 35111128 PMCID: PMC8801881 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.789432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many symptoms (motor, sensory, and cognitive) associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic pain is a common disabling condition. In particular, neuropathic pain symptoms are very prevalent and debilitating, even in early stages of the disease. Unfortunately, chronic pain still lacks efficient therapeutic agents. Progress is needed (i) clinically by better characterizing pain symptoms in MS and understanding the underlying mechanisms, and (ii) preclinically by developing a more closely dedicated model to identify new therapeutic targets and evaluate new drugs. In this setting, new variants of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are currently developed in mice to exhibit less severe motor impairments, thereby avoiding confounding factors in assessing pain behaviors over the disease course. Among these, the optimized relapsing-remitting EAE (QuilA-EAE) mouse model, induced using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide fragment (35–55), pertussis toxin, and quillaja bark saponin, seems very promising. Our study sought (i) to better define sensitive dysfunctions and (ii) to extend behavioral characterization to interfering symptoms often associated with pain during MS, such as mood disturbances, fatigue, and cognitive impairment, in this optimized QuilA-EAE model. We made an in-depth characterization of this optimized QuilA-EAE model, describing for the first time somatic thermal hyperalgesia associated with mechanical and cold allodynia. Evaluation of orofacial pain sensitivity showed no mechanical or thermal allodynia. Detailed evaluation of motor behaviors highlighted slight defects in fine motor coordination in the QuilA-EAE mice but without impact on pain evaluation. Finally, no anxiety-related or cognitive impairment was observed during the peak of sensitive symptoms. Pharmacologically, as previously described, we found that pregabalin, a treatment commonly used in neuropathic pain patients, induced an analgesic effect on mechanical allodynia. In addition, we showed an anti-hyperalgesic thermal effect on this model. Our results demonstrate that this QuilA-EAE model is clearly of interest for studying pain symptom development and so could be used to identify and evaluate new therapeutic targets. The presence of interfering symptoms still needs to be further characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Démosthènes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Faculté de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoît Sion
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Faculté de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Giraudet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Faculté de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Moisset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurence Daulhac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Faculté de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Eschalier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Faculté de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélina Bégou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Faculté de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Mélina Bégou
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A novel fatty acid-binding protein 5 and 7 inhibitor ameliorates oligodendrocyte injury in multiple sclerosis mouse models. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103582. [PMID: 34624687 PMCID: PMC8502714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the demyelination of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Recently, several studies have indicated the vital roles of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) 5 and 7 in regulating the immune response. METHODS We assessed a novel FABP5/FABP7 inhibitor, FABP ligand 6 (MF 6), as a potential therapeutic for MS therapy. In vivo, we established MOG35-55-administered experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice as an MS mouse model, followed by prophylactic and symptomatic treatment with MF 6. The therapeutic effect of MF 6 was determined using behavioural and biochemical analyses. In vitro, MF 6 effects on astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were examined using both astrocyte primary culture and KG-1C cell lines. FINDINGS Prophylactic and symptomatic MF 6 therapy reduced myelin loss and clinical EAE symptoms. Furthermore, oxidative stress levels and GFAP-positive and ionised calcium-binding adaptor protein-1-positive cells were reduced in the spinal cord of MF 6-treated mice. In addition, MF 6 attenuated lipopolysaccharide-stimulated interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α accumulation in primary astrocyte culture. Moreover, MF 6 indicated a powerful protective function for the mitochondria in the oligodendrocytes of EAE mice via FABP5 inhibition. INTERPRETATIONS MF 6 is a potent inhibitor of FABP5 and FABP7; targeted inhibition of the two proteins may confer potential therapeutic effects in MS via immune inhibition and oligodendrocyte protection. FUNDING This work was supported by the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP17dm0107071, JP18dm0107071, JP19dm0107071, and JP20dm0107071).
Collapse
|
17
|
Dworsky-Fried Z, Chadwick CI, Kerr BJ, Taylor AMW. Multiple Sclerosis and the Endogenous Opioid System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:741503. [PMID: 34602975 PMCID: PMC8484329 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.741503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, neuronal degeneration and demyelinating lesions within the central nervous system. The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis and progression of MS are not fully known and current therapies have limited efficacy. Preclinical investigations using the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, as well as clinical observations in patients with MS, provide converging lines of evidence implicating the endogenous opioid system in the pathogenesis of this disease. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that endogenous opioid peptides, binding μ- (MOR), κ- (KOR) and δ-opioid receptors (DOR), function as immunomodulatory molecules within both the immune and nervous systems. The endogenous opioid system is also well known to play a role in the development of chronic pain and negative affect, both of which are common comorbidities in MS. As such, dysregulation of the opioid system may be a mechanism that contributes to the pathogenesis of MS and associated symptoms. Here, we review the evidence for a connection between the endogenous opioid system and MS. We further explore the mechanisms by which opioidergic signaling might contribute to the pathophysiology and symptomatology of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Dworsky-Fried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caylin I. Chadwick
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bradley J. Kerr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anna M. W. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Colombo E, Triolo D, Bassani C, Bedogni F, Di Dario M, Dina G, Fredrickx E, Fermo I, Martinelli V, Newcombe J, Taveggia C, Quattrini A, Comi G, Farina C. Dysregulated copper transport in multiple sclerosis may cause demyelination via astrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025804118. [PMID: 34183414 PMCID: PMC8271600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025804118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination is a key pathogenic feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we evaluated the astrocyte contribution to myelin loss and focused on the neurotrophin receptor TrkB, whose up-regulation on the astrocyte finely demarcated chronic demyelinated areas in MS and was paralleled by neurotrophin loss. Mice lacking astrocyte TrkB were resistant to demyelination induced by autoimmune or toxic insults, demonstrating that TrkB signaling in astrocytes fostered oligodendrocyte damage. In vitro and ex vivo approaches highlighted that astrocyte TrkB supported scar formation and glia proliferation even in the absence of neurotrophin binding, indicating TrkB transactivation in response to inflammatory or toxic mediators. Notably, our neuropathological studies demonstrated copper dysregulation in MS and model lesions and TrkB-dependent expression of copper transporter (CTR1) on glia cells during neuroinflammation. In vitro experiments evidenced that TrkB was critical for the generation of glial intracellular calcium flux and CTR1 up-regulation induced by stimuli distinct from neurotrophins. These events led to copper uptake and release by the astrocyte, and in turn resulted in oligodendrocyte loss. Collectively, these data demonstrate a pathogenic demyelination mechanism via the astrocyte release of copper and open up the possibility of restoring copper homeostasis in the white matter as a therapeutic target in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colombo
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Triolo
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bassani
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bedogni
- San Raffaele Rett Research Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Di Dario
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dina
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Evelien Fredrickx
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Fermo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, WC1N 1PJ, London, UK
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Psenicka MW, Smith BC, Tinkey RA, Williams JL. Connecting Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: Are Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells a Nexus of Disease? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:654284. [PMID: 34234647 PMCID: PMC8255483 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.654284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology in neurodegenerative diseases is often accompanied by inflammation. It is well-known that many cells within the central nervous system (CNS) also contribute to ongoing neuroinflammation, which can promote neurodegeneration. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is both an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease in which there is a complex interplay between resident CNS cells to mediate myelin and axonal damage, and this communication network can vary depending on the subtype and chronicity of disease. Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cell of the CNS, and their precursors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), are often thought of as the targets of autoimmune pathology during MS and in several animal models of MS; however, there is emerging evidence that OPCs actively contribute to inflammation that directly and indirectly contributes to neurodegeneration. Here we discuss several contributors to MS disease progression starting with lesion pathology and murine models amenable to studying particular aspects of disease. We then review how OPCs themselves can play an active role in promoting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and how other resident CNS cells including microglia, astrocytes, and neurons can impact OPC function. Further, we outline the very complex and pleiotropic role(s) of several inflammatory cytokines and other secreted factors classically described as solely deleterious during MS and its animal models, but in fact, have many neuroprotective functions and promote a return to homeostasis, in part via modulation of OPC function. Finally, since MS affects patients from the onset of disease throughout their lifespan, we discuss the impact of aging on OPC function and CNS recovery. It is becoming clear that OPCs are not simply a bystander during MS progression and uncovering the active roles they play during different stages of disease will help uncover potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W. Psenicka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brandon C. Smith
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel A. Tinkey
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schregel K, Baufeld C, Palotai M, Meroni R, Fiorina P, Wuerfel J, Sinkus R, Zhang YZ, McDannold N, White PJ, Guttmann CRG. Targeted Blood Brain Barrier Opening With Focused Ultrasound Induces Focal Macrophage/Microglial Activation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665722. [PMID: 34054415 PMCID: PMC8149750 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE reflects important histopathological hallmarks, dissemination, and diversity of the disease, but has only moderate reproducibility of clinical and histopathological features. Focal lesions are less frequently observed in EAE than in MS, and can neither be constrained to specific locations nor timed to occur at a pre-specified moment. This renders difficult any experimental assessment of the pathogenesis of lesion evolution, including its inflammatory, degenerative (demyelination and axonal degeneration), and reparatory (remyelination, axonal sprouting, gliosis) component processes. We sought to develop a controlled model of inflammatory, focal brain lesions in EAE using focused ultrasound (FUS). We hypothesized that FUS induced focal blood brain barrier disruption (BBBD) will increase the likelihood of transmigration of effector cells and subsequent lesion occurrence at the sonicated location. Lesion development was monitored with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and further analyzed by histopathological means. EAE was induced in 12 6-8 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide. FUS-induced BBBD was performed 6, 7, and 9 days after immunization in subgroups of four animals and in an additional control group. MRI and MRE were performed on a 7T horizontal bore small animal MRI scanner. Imaging was conducted longitudinally 2 and 3 weeks after disease induction and 1 week after sonication in control animals, respectively. The scan protocol comprised contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences as well as MRE with a vibration frequency of 1 kHz. Animals were sacrificed for histopathology after the last imaging time point. The overall clinical course of EAE was mild. A total of seven EAE animals presented with focal T2w hyperintense signal alterations in the sonicated hemisphere. These were most frequent in the group of animals sonicated 9 days after immunization. Histopathology revealed foci of activated microglia/macrophages in the sonicated right hemisphere of seven EAE animals. Larger cellular infiltrates or apparent demyelination were not seen. Control animals showed no abnormalities on MRI and did not have clusters of activated microglia/macrophages at the sites targeted with FUS. None of the animals had hemorrhages or gross tissue damage as potential side effects of FUS. EAE-animals tended to have lower values of viscoelasticity and elasticity in the sonicated compared to the contralateral parenchyma. This trend was significant when comparing the right sonicated to the left normal hemisphere and specifically the right sonicated compared to the left normal cortex in animals that underwent FUS-BBBD 9 days after immunization (right vs. left hemisphere: mean viscoelasticity 6.1 vs. 7.2 kPa; p = 0.003 and mean elasticity 4.9 vs. 5.7 kPa, p = 0.024; right vs. left cortex: mean viscoelasticity 5.8 vs. 7.5 kPa; p = 0.004 and mean elasticity 5 vs. 6.5 kPa; p = 0.008). A direct comparison of the biomechanical properties of focal T2w hyperintensities with normal appearing brain tissue did not yield significant results. Control animals showed no differences in viscoelasticity between sonicated and contralateral brain parenchyma. We here provide first evidence for a controlled lesion induction model in EAE using FUS-induced BBBD. The observed lesions in EAE are consistent with foci of activated microglia that may be interpreted as targeted initial inflammatory activity and which have been described as pre-active lesions in MS. Such foci can be identified and monitored with MRI. Moreover, the increased inflammatory activity in the sonicated brain parenchyma seems to have an effect on overall tissue matrix structure as reflected by changes of biomechanical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schregel
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Baufeld
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miklos Palotai
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Roberta Meroni
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Wuerfel
- MIAC AG and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Sinkus
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,INSERM UMR S1148 - Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathan McDannold
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - P Jason White
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charles R G Guttmann
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Duncan GJ, Simkins TJ, Emery B. Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653101. [PMID: 33763430 PMCID: PMC7982542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a highly complex cell-to-cell interaction. Oligodendrocytes and axons have a reciprocal signaling relationship in which oligodendrocytes receive cues from axons that direct their myelination, and oligodendrocytes subsequently shape axonal structure and conduction. Oligodendrocytes are necessary for the maturation of excitatory domains on the axon including nodes of Ranvier, help buffer potassium, and support neuronal energy metabolism. Disruption of the oligodendrocyte-axon unit in traumatic injuries, Alzheimer's disease and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis results in axonal dysfunction and can culminate in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which demyelination and loss of oligodendrocytes compromise axons. We highlight the intra-axonal cascades initiated by demyelination that can result in irreversible axonal damage. Both the restoration of oligodendrocyte myelination or neuroprotective therapies targeting these intra-axonal cascades are likely to have therapeutic potential in disorders in which oligodendrocyte support of axons is disrupted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg J. Duncan
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tyrell J. Simkins
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Orian JM, D'Souza CS, Kocovski P, Krippner G, Hale MW, Wang X, Peter K. Platelets in Multiple Sclerosis: Early and Central Mediators of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration and Attractive Targets for Molecular Imaging and Site-Directed Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620963. [PMID: 33679764 PMCID: PMC7933211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are clearly central to thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, more recently, evidence has emerged for non-hemostatic roles of platelets including inflammatory and immune reactions/responses. Platelets express immunologically relevant ligands and receptors, demonstrate adhesive interactions with endothelial cells, monocytes and neutrophils, and toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated responses. These properties make platelets central to innate and adaptive immunity and potential candidate key mediators of autoimmune disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disease. An association between platelets and MS was first indicated by the increased adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells. This was followed by reports identifying structural and functional changes of platelets, their chronic activation in the peripheral blood of MS patients, platelet presence in MS lesions and the more recent revelation that these structural and functional abnormalities are associated with all MS forms and stages. Investigations based on the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model first revealed a contribution to EAE pathogenesis by exacerbation of CNS inflammation and an early role for platelets in EAE development via platelet-neuron and platelet-astrocyte associations, through sialated gangliosides in lipid rafts. Our own studies refined and extended these findings by identifying the critical timing of platelet accumulation in pre-clinical EAE and establishing an initiating and central rather than merely exacerbating role for platelets in disease development. Furthermore, we demonstrated platelet-neuron associations in EAE, coincident with behavioral changes, but preceding the earliest detectable autoreactive T cell accumulation. In combination, these findings establish a new paradigm by asserting that platelets play a neurodegenerative as well as a neuroinflammatory role in MS and therefore, that these two pathological processes are causally linked. This review will discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of MS, for future applications for imaging toward early detection of MS, and for novel strategies for platelet-targeted treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claretta S D'Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pece Kocovski
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guy Krippner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buffolo F, Petrosino V, Albini M, Moschetta M, Carlini F, Floss T, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Cesca F, Rocchi A, Uccelli A, Benfenati F. Neuroinflammation induces synaptic scaling through IL-1β-mediated activation of the transcriptional repressor REST/NRSF. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:180. [PMID: 33589593 PMCID: PMC7884694 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with synapse dysfunction and cognitive decline in patients and animal models. One candidate for translating the inflammatory stress into structural and functional changes in neural networks is the transcriptional repressor RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) that regulates the expression of a wide cluster of neuron-specific genes during neurogenesis and in mature neurons. To study the cellular and molecular pathways activated under inflammatory conditions mimicking the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) environment, we analyzed REST activity in neuroblastoma cells and mouse cortical neurons treated with activated T cell or microglia supernatant and distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that REST is activated by a variety of neuroinflammatory stimuli in both neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons, indicating that a vast transcriptional change is triggered during neuroinflammation. While a dual activation of REST and its dominant-negative splicing isoform REST4 was observed in N2a neuroblastoma cells, primary neurons responded with a pure full-length REST upregulation in the absence of changes in REST4 expression. In both cases, REST upregulation was associated with activation of Wnt signaling and increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin, a well-known intracellular transduction pathway in neuroinflammation. Among single cytokines, IL-1β caused a potent and prompt increase in REST transcription and translation in neurons, which promoted a delayed and strong synaptic downscaling specific for excitatory synapses, with decreased frequency and amplitude of spontaneous synaptic currents, decreased density of excitatory synaptic connections, and decreased frequency of action potential-evoked Ca2+ transients. Most important, the IL-1β effects on excitatory transmission were strictly REST dependent, as conditional deletion of REST completely occluded the effects of IL-1β activation on synaptic transmission and network excitability. Our results demonstrate that REST upregulation represents a new pathogenic mechanism for the synaptic dysfunctions observed under neuroinflammatory conditions and identify the REST pathway as therapeutic target for EAE and, potentially, for multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Buffolo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Petrosino
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Albini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Moschetta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Carlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas Floss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Anna Rocchi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ullah H, Tovchiga O, Daglia M, Khan H. Modulating Gut Microbiota: An Emerging Approach in the Prevention and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1966-1983. [PMID: 33596808 PMCID: PMC9185793 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210217084827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by demyelination of neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of the disorder is described as an autoimmune attack targeting the myelin sheath of nerve cell axons in the CNS. Available treatments only reduce the risk of relapse, prolonging the remissions of neurological symptoms and halt the progression of the disorder. Among the new ways of targeting neurological disorders, including MS, there is modulation of gut microbiota since the link between gut microbiota has been rethought within the term gut-brain axis. Gut microbiota is known to help the body with essential functions such as vitamin production and positive regulation of immune, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. High consumption of saturated fatty acids, gluten, salt, alcohol, artificial sweeteners, or antibiotics is the responsible factor for causing gut dysbiosis. The latter can lead to dysregulation of immune and inflammatory pathways, which eventually results in leaky gut syndrome, systemic inflammation, autoimmune reactions, and increased susceptibility to infections. In modern medicine, scientists have mostly focused on the modulation of gut microbiota in the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for numerous disorders, with probiotics and prebiotics being the most widely studied in this regard. Several pieces of evidence from preclinical and clinical studies have supported the positive impact of probiotic and/or prebiotic intake on gut microbiota and MS. This review aims to link gut dysbiosis with the development/progression of MS, and the potential of modulation of gut microbiota in the therapeutics of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Daglia
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy, International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China; E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Borgonetti V, Sanna MD, Lucarini L, Galeotti N. Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein HuR Alleviates Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Potential Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:412-429. [PMID: 33200288 PMCID: PMC8116432 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, axonal loss, and motor dysfunction. Activated microglia are associated with the destruction of myelin in the CNS. Activated microglia produce cytokines and proinflammatory factors, favoring neuroinflammation, myelin damage, and neuronal loss, and it is thought to be involved in the disease pathogenesis. The present study investigated the role of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression on the neuroinflammation related to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, by focusing on HuR, an RNA-binding protein involved in inflammatory and immune phenomena. Spinal cord sections of EAE mice showed an increased HuR immunostaining that was abundantly detected in the cytoplasm of activated microglia, a pattern associated with its increased activity. Intrathecal administration of an anti-HuR antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) decreased the proinflammatory activated microglia, inflammatory infiltrates, and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17, and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway. The beneficial effect of anti-HuR ASO in EAE mice corresponded also to a decreased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. EAE mice showed a reduced spinal CD206 immunostaining that was restored by anti-HuR ASO, indicating that HuR silencing promotes a shift to the anti-inflammatory and regenerative microglia phenotype. Mice that received anti-HuR ASO exhibited improved EAE-related motor dysfunction, pain hypersensitivity, and body weight loss. Targeting HuR might represent an innovative and promising perspective to control neurological disturbances in MS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Sanna
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sex differences in EAE reveal common and distinct cellular and molecular components. Cell Immunol 2021; 359:104242. [PMID: 33190849 PMCID: PMC7770093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is commonly used as an animal model for evaluating clinical, histological and immunological processes potentially relevant to the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS), for which the mode of disease induction remains largely unknown. An important caveat for interpreting EAE processes in mice is the inflammatory effect of immunization with myelin peptides emulsified in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), often followed by additional injections of pertussis toxin (Ptx) in some strains to induce EAE. The current study evaluated clinical, histological, cellular (spleen), and chemokine-driven processes in spinal cords of male vs. female C57BL/6 mice that were immunized with mouse (m)MOG-35-55/CFA/Ptx to induce EAE; immunized with saline/CFA/Ptx only (CFA, no EAE); or were untreated (Naïve, no EAE). Analysis of response curves utilized a rigorous and sophisticated methodology to parse and characterize the effects of EAE and adjuvant alone vs. the Naive baseline responses. The results demonstrated stronger pro-inflammatory responses of immune cells and their associated cytokines, chemokines, and receptors in male vs. female CFA and EAE mice that appeared to be offset partially by increased percentages of male anti-inflammatory, regulatory and checkpoint T cell, B cell, and monocyte/macrophage subsets. These sex differences in peripheral immune responses may explain the reduced cellular infiltration and differing chemokine profiles in the Central Nervous System (CNS) of male vs. female CFA immunized mice and the reduced CNS infiltration and demyelination observed in male vs. female EAE groups of mice that ultimately resulted in the same clinical EAE disease severity in both sexes. Our findings suggest EAE disease severity is governed not only by the degree of CNS infiltration and demyelination, but also by the balance of pro-inflammatory vs. regulatory cell types and their secreted cytokines and chemokines.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, originally experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, is the well-known animal model of multiple sclerosis, an immune- mediated, demyelinating, inflammatory chronic disease of the central nervous system. The experimental disease is widely utilized to test new therapies in preclinical studies, to investigate new hypothesis on the possible pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune reaction directed against the central nervous system or more generally to investigate the interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system that lead to neuroinflammation. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis may be induced following different protocols in mammals, including nonhuman primates, and autoreactive CD4+ T-lymphocytes directed against myelin antigens are the main factors. Here, after introducing the model, we describe the protocol to induce active EAE in inbred mice, we report on a table the different clinical courses of EAE depending on the combination of antigen /mouse strain and we provide indications on how to evaluate the clinics and pathology of this induced disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ballerini
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rossi M, Petralla S, Protti M, Baiula M, Kobrlova T, Soukup O, Spampinato SM, Mercolini L, Monti B, Bolognesi ML. α-Linolenic Acid-Valproic Acid Conjugates: Toward Single-Molecule Polypharmacology for Multiple Sclerosis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2406-2413. [PMID: 33329762 PMCID: PMC7734798 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Multiple
sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory, degenerative,
and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although
treatments exist, MS cannot be cured by available drugs, which primarily
target neuroinflammation. Thus, it is feasible that a well concerted
polypharmacological approach able to act at multiple points within
the intricate network of inflammation, neurodegeneration, and demyelination/remyelination
pathways would succeed where other drugs have failed. Starting from
reported beneficial effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and valproic
acid (VPA) in MS, and by applying a rational strategy, we developed
a small set of codrugs obtained by conjugating VPA and ALA through
proper linkers. A cellular profiling identified 1 as
a polypharmacological tool able not only to modulate microglia polarization,
but also to counteract neurodegeneration and demyelination and induce
oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation, by acting on multiple
biochemical and epigenetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Santi Mario Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Martínez-Larrosa J, Matute-Blanch C, Montalban X, Comabella M. Modelling multiple sclerosis using induced pluripotent stem cells. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577425. [PMID: 33130461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the leading causes of non-traumatic neurological disability among young adults. Due to its complex pathology and the lack of reliable disease models, there are no effective therapies for MS to prevent neurodegeneration or promote neuroprotection, and hence stop disease progression. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has allowed the generation of patient-specific neural cell types for disease modelling, drug screening, and cell therapy. In this review, the challenges related with the use of iPSC-derived cells in MS are discussed, with a special focus on the functional studies performed, limitations and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Martínez-Larrosa
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Matute-Blanch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sen MK, Almuslehi MSM, Shortland PJ, Coorssen JR, Mahns DA. Revisiting the Pathoetiology of Multiple Sclerosis: Has the Tail Been Wagging the Mouse? Front Immunol 2020; 11:572186. [PMID: 33117365 PMCID: PMC7553052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is traditionally considered an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease, the pathoetiology of which is unknown. However, the key question remains whether autoimmunity is the initiator of the disease (outside-in) or the consequence of a slow and as yet uncharacterized cytodegeneration (oligodendrocytosis), which leads to a subsequent immune response (inside-out). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been used to model the later stages of MS during which the autoimmune involvement predominates. In contrast, the cuprizone (CPZ) model is used to model early stages of the disease during which oligodendrocytosis and demyelination predominate and are hypothesized to precede subsequent immune involvement in MS. Recent studies combining a boost, or protection, to the immune system with disruption of the blood brain barrier have shown CPZ-induced oligodendrocytosis with a subsequent immune response. In this Perspective, we review these recent advances and discuss the likelihood of an inside-out vs. an outside-in pathoetiology of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed S M Almuslehi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Peter J Shortland
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - David A Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Signal alterations of glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination in the rat brain. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:334-338. [PMID: 32926951 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare in vivo glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST-weighted) signal changes between in a rat model of demyelinated multiple sclerosis and control groups. PROCEDURES Using a pre-clinical 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, CEST imaging was applied to a toxin (lysophosphatidylcholine; LPC) induced rat (MSLPC) and control (CTRL) groups to compare in vivo glutamate signal changes. The GluCEST-weighted signals were analyzed based on the magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry approach at 3.0 ppm on the region-of-interests (ROIs) in the corpus callosum and hippocampus at each hemispheric region. RESULTS GluCEST-weighted signals were significantly changed between the CTRL and MSLPC groups, while higher glutamate signals were indicated in the MSLPC than the CTRL group ([MSLPC / CTRL]; hippocampus: [6.159 ± 0.790 / 4.336 ± 0.446] and corpus callosum: [-3.545 ± 0.945 / -6.038 ± 0.620], all p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results show increased GluCEST-weighted signals in the LPC-induced demyelination rat brain compared with control. GluCEST-weighted imaging could be a useful tool for defining a biomarker to estimate the glutamate-related metabolism in MS.
Collapse
|
32
|
Goldfarb S, Fainstein N, Ben-Hur T. Electroconvulsive stimulation attenuates chronic neuroinflammation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137028. [PMID: 32780728 PMCID: PMC7526446 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy is highly effective in resistant depression by unknown mechanisms. Microglial toxicity was suggested to mediate depression and plays key roles in neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases, where there is critical shortage in therapies. We examined the effects of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) on chronic neuroinflammation and microglial neurotoxicity. Electric brain stimulation inducing full tonic-clonic seizures during chronic relapsing-progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) reduced spinal immune cell infiltration, reduced myelin and axonal loss, and prevented clinical deterioration. Using the transfer EAE model, we examined the effect of ECS on systemic immune response in donor mice versus ECS effect on CNS innate immune activity in recipient mice. ECS did not affect encephalitogenicity of systemic T cells, but it targeted the CNS directly to inhibit T cell-induced neuroinflammation. In vivo and ex vivo assays indicated that ECS suppressed microglial neurotoxicity by reducing inducible NOS expression, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and by reducing CNS oxidative stress. Microglia from ECS-treated EAE mice expressed less T cell stimulatory and chemoattractant factors. Our findings indicate that electroconvulsive therapy targets the CNS innate immune system to reduce neuroinflammation by attenuating microglial neurotoxicity. These findings signify a potentially novel therapeutic approach for chronic neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhou Z, Xiong H, Xie F, Wu Z, Feng Y. A Meta-Analytic Review of the Value of miRNA for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:132. [PMID: 32158427 PMCID: PMC7052186 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The etiology of MS is unclear, disease diagnosis mainly based on symptoms, and lacks effective laboratory test index. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as sensitive biomarkers have been widely studied, the expression levels of certain miRNAs are dynamically changed in MS patients. This meta-analysis aims to assess the overall diagnostic accuracy of circulating miRNAs for MS. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI databases as of July 20, 2019. QUADAS was used to assess the quality of included studies. All studies were processed by Stata 15.0 software. Eleven articles with 600 patients with MS and 389 controls were included. Results: The sensitivity and specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR of the overall studies were 0.81 (95% CI 0.77–0.84), 0.75 (95% CI 0.68–0.81), 3.3 (95% CI 2.5–4.3), 0.25 (95% CI 0.20–0.32), 13 (95% CI: 8–20), and 0.85 (95% CI 0.82–0.88). Subgroup analysis indicated that miRNA assay had higher diagnostic accuracy for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) when compared with other MS subtypes. Conclusion: Our study performed a meta-analysis to generate an estimate of the relevance of miRNA change and the occurrence of MS, and revealed circulating miRNAs has the potential to be used for MS diagnosis, especially for RRMS. Future studies should clarify to which specific miRNAs can accurately diagnose disease subtypes. The miRNA-related pathogenesis may provide theoretical basis for drug development for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongpu Zhou
- Medical School of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Xiong
- Histology and Embryology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fukang Xie
- Histology and Embryology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Parasitology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Medical School of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Torre-Fuentes L, Moreno-Jiménez L, Pytel V, Matías-Guiu J, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu J. Experimental models of demyelination and remyelination. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [PMCID: PMC7148713 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
35
|
Jafarinia M, Sadeghi E, Alsahebfosoul F, Etemadifar M, Jahanbani-Ardakani H. Evaluation of plasma Osteopontin level in relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy subjects in Isfahan Province. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:493-498. [PMID: 31795798 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1694925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as a neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinflammation may induce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Osteopontin (OPN). OPN plays an important role in the inflammation by modulating the T helper1 (Th1) and Th17 responses. Since the exact immune pathogenesis of MS is complex and not well defined and many factors are involved, the need to detect more contributing biomarkers may help in setting new therapeutic strategies.Objective: This study tried to compare plasma OPN levels in relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients during the remission phase with healthy subjects in Isfahan province.Materials and methods: In a case-control study, plasma was collected from the 40 RRMS as well as 38 (age and sex matched) healthy individuals as a control group. PlasmaOPN level was measured and compared between the two groups by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).Result: Statistical analysis revealed that plasma OPN level was markedly higher in the case group (RRMS patients during the remission phase) compared with the control group (P- value = 0.039). Our results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference in mean of plasma OPN level among RRMS patients who were treated with interferon (IFN)-ß and those who were not (P- value = 0.332). There was also no correlation between OPN plasma level and EDSS score (r = 0.037, P- value = 0.835), age of onset (r = 0.161, P- value = 0.357) and duration of disease (r = 0.121, P- value = 0.490).Conclusion: Higher OPN plasma level in studied patients suggests that OPN increased in RRMS patients who were in remission phase. It could be hypothesized that plasma OPN level may be increased as part of the pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu taking place in MS patients. OPN may not be specific marker for MS, but targeting it might present promising therapeutic effect to MS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Jafarinia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Sadeghi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,MS and Neuroimmunology Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- MS and Neuroimmunology Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sanabria-Castro A, Flores-Díaz M, Alape-Girón A. Biological models in multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:491-508. [PMID: 31571267 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considering the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, experimental models resembling specific aspects of this immune-mediated demyelinating human disease have been developed to increase the understanding of processes related to pathogenesis, disease evolution, evaluation of therapeutic interventions, and demyelination and remyelination mechanisms. Based on the nature of the investigation, biological models may include in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo assessments. Even though these approaches have disclosed valuable information, every disease animal model has limitations and can only replicate specific features of MS. In vitro and ex vivo models generally do not reflect what occurs in the organism, and in vivo animal models are more likely used; nevertheless, they are able to reproduce only certain stages of the disease. In vivo MS disease animal models in mammals include: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, viral encephalomyelitis, and induced demyelination. This review examines and describes the most common biological disease animal models for the study of MS, their specific characteristics and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sanabria-Castro
- Research Unit, San Juan de Dios Hospital CCSS, San José, Costa Rica.,School of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Probst Y, Mowbray E, Svensen E, Thompson K. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Dietary Sodium on Autoimmunity and Inflammation Related to Multiple Sclerosis. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:902-910. [PMID: 31079157 PMCID: PMC6743836 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Current research into potential causes, risk factors, and treatment is largely based around the immune response involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, including factors that contribute to the augmentation of this immune response. This review aimed to determine the role of sodium as a risk factor for increased autoimmunity and inflammation in relation to MS pathogenesis. This systematic review searched the Scopus, MEDLINE, and PubMed scientific databases for studies related to MS and sodium. Studies were included if they addressed sodium intake and MS but were not limited to a disease type or to a study design. Study quality was assessed through the use of the quality rating checklist of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. A total of 12 studies were included in the review, including human, animal, and cellular studies. The studies related to the proinflammatory effect of sodium, the blood-brain barrier, and an effect on autoimmunity. The data presented throughout this review provide insight into the emerging evidence base for sodium intake as a risk factor for MS disease progression and potentially onset of disease. More studies are needed to determine if the influence of sodium is as a single nutrient or has a combined effect as part of an overall eating pattern. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42016039174.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Probst
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin Mowbray
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erika Svensen
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keats Thompson
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Desbiens L, Lapointe C, Gendron L, Gharagozloo M, Vincent L, Pejler G, Gris D, D’Orléans-Juste P. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Potentiates Mouse Mast Cell Protease 4–Dependent Pressor Responses to Centrally or Systemically Administered Big Endothelin-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:437-446. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.256016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
39
|
Sex differences in central nervous system plasticity and pain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Pain 2019; 160:1037-1049. [PMID: 30649100 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease with many known structural and functional changes in the central nervous system. A well-recognized, but poorly understood, complication of MS is chronic pain. Little is known regarding the influence of sex on the development and maintenance of MS-related pain. This is important to consider, as MS is a predominantly female disease. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, we demonstrate sex differences in measures of spinal cord inflammation and plasticity that accompany tactile hypersensitivity. Although we observed substantial inflammatory activity in both sexes, only male EAE mice exhibit robust staining of axonal injury markers and increased dendritic arborisation in morphology of deep dorsal horn neurons. We propose that tactile hypersensitivity in female EAE mice may be more immune-driven, whereas pain in male mice with EAE may rely more heavily on neurodegenerative and plasticity-related mechanisms. Morphological and inflammatory differences in the spinal cord associated with pain early in EAE progression supports the idea of differentially regulated pain pathways between the sexes. Results from this study may indicate future sex-specific targets that are worth investigating for their functional role in pain circuitry.
Collapse
|
40
|
Gharibi S, Moghimi B, Haghmorad D, Mahmoudi MB, Shahvazian E, Yadegari M, Yazd EF, Tahoori MT. Altered expression patterns of complement factor H and miR‐146a genes in acute‐chronic phases in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19842-19851. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gharibi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, International Campus Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd Iran
| | - Bahram Moghimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Semnan Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Mahmoudi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd Iran
| | - Ensieh Shahvazian
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, International Campus Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd Iran
| | - Maryam Yadegari
- Department of Biology & Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine Yazd Iran
| | - Ehsan Farashahi Yazd
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd Iran
- Genetic Engineering and Genome Editing Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology Research Center Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Tahoori
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Luo Q, Ding L, Zhang N, Jiang Z, Gao C, Xue L, Peng B, Wang G. A stable and easily reproducible model of focal white matter demyelination. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 307:230-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
42
|
Polachini CRN, Spanevello RM, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM. Cholinergic and purinergic systems: A key to multiple sclerosis? J Neurol Sci 2018; 392:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
43
|
Jakovac H, Grubić Kezele T, Radošević-Stašić B. Expression Profiles of Metallothionein I/II and Megalin in Cuprizone Model of De- and Remyelination. Neuroscience 2018; 388:69-86. [PMID: 30025861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Copper chelator cuprizone (CPZ) is neurotoxicant, which selectively disrupts oligodendroglial respiratory chain, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis. Demyelination is, however, followed by spontaneous remyelination owing to the activation of intrinsic CNS repair mechanisms. To explore the participation of metallothioneins (MTs) in these processes, in this study we analyzed the expression profiles of MT-I/II and their receptor megalin (low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein-2) in the brain of mice subjected to different protocols of CPZ feeding. Experiments were performed in female C57BL/6 mice fed with 0.25% CPZ during 1, 3 and 5 weeks. They were sacrificed immediately after feeding with CPZ or 2 weeks after the withdrawal of CPZ. The data showed that CPZ-induced demyelination was followed by high astrogliosis and enhanced expression of MTs and megalin in white (corpus callosum and internal capsule) and gray matter of the brain (cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum). Moreover, in numerous cortical neurons and progenitor cells the signs of MT/megalin interactions and Akt1 phosphorylation was found supporting the hypothesis that MTs secreted from the astrocytes might directly affect the neuronal differentiation and survival. Furthermore, in mice treated with CPZ for 5 weeks the prominent MTs and megalin immunoreactivities were found on several neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitors in subgranular zone of dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of lateral ventricles pointing to high modulatory effect of MTs on adult neuro- and oligodendrogenesis. The data show that MT I/II perform important cytoprotective and growth-regulating functions in remyelinating processes activated after toxic demyelinating insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Jakovac
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia
| | - Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia
| | - Biserka Radošević-Stašić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Reich
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (D.S.R.), and the Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.A.C.) - both in Maryland; and the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.F.L.)
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (D.S.R.), and the Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.A.C.) - both in Maryland; and the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.F.L.)
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (D.S.R.), and the Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.A.C.) - both in Maryland; and the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Torre-Fuentes L, Moreno-Jiménez L, Pytel V, Matías-Guiu JA, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu J. Experimental models of demyelination and remyelination. Neurologia 2017; 35:32-39. [PMID: 28863829 PMCID: PMC7115679 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción El uso de modelos experimentales en animales permite aumentar el conocimiento sobre la patología del sistema nervioso central. Sin embargo, en la esclerosis múltiple, no existe un modelo que permita una visión general de la enfermedad, de forma que es necesario utilizar una variedad de modelos que abarquen los distintos cambios que se producen. Desarrollo Se revisan los distintos modelos experimentales que pueden ser utilizados en la investigación en la esclerosis múltiple, tanto in vitro como in vivo. En relación a los modelos in vitro se analizan los distintos cultivos celulares y sus potenciales modificaciones así como los modelos en rodajas. En los modelos in vivo, se analizan los modelos de base inmune-inflamatoria como la encefalitis alérgica experimental en los distintos animales, además de las enfermedades desmielinizantes por virus. Por otro lado, se analizan los modelos de desmielinización-remielinización incluyéndose las lesiones químicas por cuprizona, lisolecitina, bromuro de etidio, así como el modelo de zebrafish y los modelos transgénicos. Conclusiones Los modelos experimentales nos permiten acercarnos al conocimiento de los diversos mecanismos que ocurren en la esclerosis múltiple. La utilización de cada uno de ellos depende de los objetivos de investigación que planteen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Torre-Fuentes
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - L Moreno-Jiménez
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - V Pytel
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J A Matías-Guiu
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - U Gómez-Pinedo
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J Matías-Guiu
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tan GA, Furber KL, Thangaraj MP, Sobchishin L, Doucette JR, Nazarali AJ. Organotypic Cultures from the Adult CNS: A Novel Model to Study Demyelination and Remyelination Ex Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:317-328. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
47
|
Ip FCF, Ng YP, Or TCT, Sun P, Fu G, Li JYH, Ye WC, Cheung TH, Ip NY. Anemoside A3 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating T helper 17 cell response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182069. [PMID: 28759648 PMCID: PMC5536310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemoside A3 (AA3) is a natural triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the root of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel. We previously showed that AA3 exhibits cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective properties. In the present study, we demonstrated that AA3 modulates inflammatory responses by regulating prostaglandin E receptor 4 signaling. Because prostaglandin E receptor 4 is involved in the pathophysiology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS), we assessed the beneficial effect of AA3 in EAE mice. AA3 treatment significantly reduced clinical severity and inflammatory infiltrates in the spinal cord of EAE mice. In vitro studies revealed that AA3 inhibited the T cell response toward the encephalitogenic epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). AA3 significantly downregulated the expressions of certain Th1 and Th17 cytokines in activated T cells re-stimulated by MOG. Moreover, AA3 inhibited the activation of STAT4 and STAT3, which are the transcription factors pivotal for Th1 and Th17 lineage differentiation, respectively, in activated T cells. Pharmacological analysis further suggested that AA3 reduced Th17 cell differentiation and expansion. In conclusion, AA3 exerts an immunomodulatory effect in EAE, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for MS in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny C. F. Ip
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- HKUST–Jinan Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pong Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terry C. T. Or
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiran Sun
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangmiao Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Y. H. Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- HKUST–Jinan Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tom H. Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- HKUST–Jinan Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
James ML, Hoehne A, Mayer AT, Lechtenberg K, Moreno M, Gowrishankar G, Ilovich O, Natarajan A, Johnson EM, Nguyen J, Quach L, Han M, Buckwalter M, Chandra S, Gambhir SS. Imaging B Cells in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Using 64Cu-Rituximab PET. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1845-1851. [PMID: 28687602 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.189597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are a key pathologic feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and are becoming an important therapeutic target for this condition. Currently, there is no approved technique to noninvasively visualize B cells in the central nervous system (CNS) to monitor MS disease progression and response to therapies. Here, we evaluated 64Cu-rituximab, a radiolabeled antibody specifically targeting the human B cell marker CD20, for its ability to image B cells in a mouse model of MS using PET. Methods: To model CNS infiltration by B cells, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in transgenic mice that express human CD20 on B cells. EAE mice were given subcutaneous injections of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein fragment1-125 emulsified in complete Freund adjuvant. Control mice received complete Freund adjuvant alone. PET imaging of EAE and control mice was performed 1, 4, and 19 h after 64Cu-rituximab administration. Mice were perfused and sacrificed after the final PET scan, and radioactivity in dissected tissues was measured with a γ-counter. CNS tissues from these mice were immunostained to quantify B cells or were further analyzed via digital autoradiography. Results: Lumbar spinal cord PET signal was significantly higher in EAE mice than in controls at all evaluated time points (e.g., 1 h after injection: 5.44 ± 0.37 vs. 3.33 ± 0.20 percentage injected dose [%ID]/g, P < 0.05). 64Cu-rituximab PET signal in brain regions ranged between 1.74 ± 0.11 and 2.93 ± 0.15 %ID/g for EAE mice, compared with 1.25 ± 0.08 and 2.24 ± 0.11 %ID/g for controls (P < 0.05 for all regions except striatum and thalamus at 1 h after injection). Similarly, ex vivo biodistribution results revealed notably higher 64Cu-rituximab uptake in the brain and spinal cord of huCD20tg EAE, and B220 immunostaining verified that increased 64Cu-rituximab uptake in CNS tissues corresponded with elevated B cells. Conclusion: B cells can be detected in the CNS of EAE mice using 64Cu-rituximab PET. Results from these studies warrant further investigation of 64Cu-rituximab in EAE models and consideration of use in MS patients to evaluate its potential for detecting and monitoring B cells in the progression and treatment of this disease. These results represent an initial step toward generating a platform to evaluate B cell-targeted therapeutics en route to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Aileen Hoehne
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kendra Lechtenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Monica Moreno
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | | | - Ohad Ilovich
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Emily M Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Joujou Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lisa Quach
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - May Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Marion Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Sudeep Chandra
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Department of Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Models for Studying Myelination, Demyelination and Remyelination. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:181-192. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
50
|
Yang T, Zheng Q, Wang S, Fang L, Liu L, Zhao H, Wang L, Fan Y. Effect of catalpol on remyelination through experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis acting to promote Olig1 and Olig2 expressions in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:240. [PMID: 28464811 PMCID: PMC5414219 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) as an autoimmune disorder is a common disease occurring in central nervous system (CNS) and the remyelination plays a pivotal role in the alleviating neurological impairment in the MS. Catalpol, an effective component extracted from the Chinese herb Radix Rehmanniae, which has been proved protective in cerebral diseases. METHODS To determine the protective effects and mechanisms of Catalpol on MS, the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55, as a model for human MS. Th17 cells were counted by flow cytometric (FCM). The expressions of nerve-glial antigen (NG) 2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Olig1+ and Olig2+/BrdU+ cells were counted by immunofluorescence. Olig1 and Olig2 gene expressions were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) -PCR. RESULTS The results showed that Catalpol improved neurological function, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination. It could decrease Th17 cells in the peripheral blood. It increased the protein expressions of NG2 and MBP in mice brains, up-regulated markedly protein and gene expressions of Olig1 and Olig2 in terms of timing, site and targets. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that Catalpol had a strong neuroprotective effect on EAE mice. Catalpol also plays a role in remyelination by promoting the expressions of Olig1 and Olig2 transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Oncology Department, Guang An Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongping Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|