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Tavakoli M, Najafinezhad A, Mirhaj M, Karbasi S, Varshosaz J, Al-Musawi MH, Madaninasab P, Sharifianjazi F, Mehrjoo M, Salehi S, Kazemi N, Nasiri-Harchegani S. Graphene oxide-encapsulated baghdadite nanocomposite improved physical, mechanical, and biological properties of a vancomycin-loaded PMMA bone cement. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:823-850. [PMID: 38300323 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2308328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is commonly used in orthopedic surgeries to fill the bone defects or fix the prostheses. These cements are usually containing amounts of a nonbioactive radiopacifying agent such as barium sulfate and zirconium dioxide, which does not have a good interface compatibility with PMMA, and the clumps formed from these materials can scratch metal counterfaces. In this work, graphene oxide encapsulated baghdadite (GOBgh) nanoparticles were applied as radiopacifying and bioactive agent in a PMMA bone cement containing 2 wt.% of vancomycin (VAN). The addition of 20 wt.% of GOBgh (GOBgh20) nanoparticles to PMMA powder caused a 33.6% increase in compressive strength and a 70.9% increase in elastic modulus compared to the Simplex® P bone cement, and also enhanced the setting properties, radiopacity, antibacterial activity, and the apatite formation in simulated body fluid. In vitro cell assessments confirmed the increase in adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 cells as well as the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the surface of PMMA-GOBgh20 cement. The chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed the excellent angiogenesis activity of nanocomposite cement samples. In vivo experiments on a rat model also demonstrated the mineralization and bone integration of PMMA-GOBgh20 cement within four weeks. Based on the promising results obtained, PMMA-GOBgh20 bone cement is suggested as an optimal sample for use in orthopedic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Najafinezhad
- Department of Materials Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Marjan Mirhaj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mastafa H Al-Musawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Pegah Madaninasab
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Sharifianjazi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of GA, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Morteza Mehrjoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Iran National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Salehi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Nafise Kazemi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Nasiri-Harchegani
- Department of Materials Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
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Ramanathan S, Lin YC, Thirumurugan S, Hu CC, Duann YF, Chung RJ. Poly(methyl methacrylate) in Orthopedics: Strategies, Challenges, and Prospects in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:367. [PMID: 38337256 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in orthopedic applications, including bone cement in total joint replacement surgery, bone fillers, and bone substitutes due to its affordability, biocompatibility, and processability. However, the bone regeneration efficiency of PMMA is limited because of its lack of bioactivity, poor osseointegration, and non-degradability. The use of bone cement also has disadvantages such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) release and high exothermic temperature during the polymerization of PMMA, which can cause thermal necrosis. To address these problems, various strategies have been adopted, such as surface modification techniques and the incorporation of various bioactive agents and biopolymers into PMMA. In this review, the physicochemical properties and synthesis methods of PMMA are discussed, with a special focus on the utilization of various PMMA composites in bone tissue engineering. Additionally, the challenges involved in incorporating PMMA into regenerative medicine are discussed with suitable research findings with the intention of providing insightful advice to support its successful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susaritha Ramanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Senthilkumar Thirumurugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hu
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Fang Duann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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Zhang M, Xu F, Cao J, Dou Q, Wang J, Wang J, Yang L, Chen W. Research advances of nanomaterials for the acceleration of fracture healing. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:368-394. [PMID: 37663621 PMCID: PMC10474571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone fracture cases have been increasing yearly, accompanied by the increased number of patients experiencing non-union or delayed union after their bone fracture. Although clinical materials facilitate fracture healing (e.g., metallic and composite materials), they cannot fulfill the requirements due to the slow degradation rate, limited osteogenic activity, inadequate osseointegration ability, and suboptimal mechanical properties. Since early 2000, nanomaterials successfully mimic the nanoscale features of bones and offer unique properties, receiving extensive attention. This paper reviews the achievements of nanomaterials in treating bone fracture (e.g., the intrinsic properties of nanomaterials, nanomaterials for bone defect filling, and nanoscale drug delivery systems in treating fracture delayed union). Furthermore, we discuss the perspectives on the challenges and future directions of developing nanomaterials to accelerate fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Qingqing Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Center for Health Sciences and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
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Sui P, Yu T, Sun S, Chao B, Qin C, Wang J, Wang E, Zheng C. Advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1303678. [PMID: 37954022 PMCID: PMC10634476 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebral compression fractures are becoming increasingly common with aging of the population; minimally invasive materials play an essential role in treating these fractures. However, the unacceptable processing-performance relationships of materials and their poor osteoinductive performance have limited their clinical application. In this review, we describe the advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures and enumerate the types of bone cement commonly used in current practice. We also discuss the limitations of the materials themselves, and summarize the approaches for improving the characteristics of bone cement. Finally, we review the types and clinical efficacy of new vertebral implants. This review may provide valuable insights into newer strategies and methods for future research; it may also improve understanding on the application of minimally invasive materials for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changjun Zheng
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wilson BJ, Philipose Pampadykandathil L. Novel Bone Void Filling Cement Compositions Based on Shell Nacre and Siloxane Methacrylate Resin: Development and Characterization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:752. [PMID: 37508779 PMCID: PMC10376770 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shell nacre from Pinctada species has been extensively researched for managing bone defects. However, there is a gap in the research regarding using shell nacre powder as a cement with improved biological and physicochemical properties. To address this, bone void filling cement was formulated by incorporating shell nacre powder and an organically modified ceramic resin (ormocer). The shell nacre powder was specifically processed from the shells of Pinctada fucata and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the presence of organic constituents and inorganic aragonite. Trace element analysis confirmed the eligibility of shell nacre powder for biomedical applications. Next, the ormocer SNLSM2 was synthesized through a modified sol-gel method. FTIR, Raman, TGA, and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of a ladder-structured siloxane backbone and methacrylate side chain. To develop chemical curable composite shell nacre cement (SNC), different amounts of shell nacre (24%, 48%, and 72%) were added to the SNLSM2 resin, and the impact on the physicochemical properties of the cement was studied. Among the compositions, SNC 72 exhibited significantly lower linear polymerization shrinkage (0.4%) and higher compressive (>100 MPa) and flexural strength (>35 MPa). SNC 72 was radiopaque, and the exotherm generated during the cement curing was minimal. Cytotoxicity studies with L929 cells revealed the non-cytotoxic nature of the cement. Overall, the findings of this study prove that the shell nacre cement is a promising candidate for managing bone voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Jeyatha Wilson
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
| | - Lizymol Philipose Pampadykandathil
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
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Maddikunta AG, Vaish S. All-on-Four Case Rehabilitated with Fully Digitally Fabricated Prosthesis Milled from Graphene-Reinforced Poly Methyl Methacrylate Puck Using Indigenously Developed Intraoral and Extraoral Scanning Methods. Contemp Clin Dent 2023; 14:171-175. [PMID: 37547432 PMCID: PMC10399802 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_249_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital dentistry is disruptive to conventional methods for performing prosthetic rehabilitation. Fabrication of prosthesis for all-on-four implants involves multiple steps when done conventionally and is prone to error. The use of digital technologies such as intraoral scanners (IOS) and extraoral scanners can marginalize these errors and also reduce the chairside time. This clinical report outlined a method which used a conjunction of extraoral and IOS to collect data for implant position, soft tissue profile, and vertical and centric relations. These data were then combined and used to fabricate a hybrid denture for the patient. The hybrid denture was milled from graphene-reinforced poly methyl methacrylate puck which provided the advantages of monobloc prosthesis and the material advantages of graphene. The entire prosthetic rehabilitation was completed within three appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Goud Maddikunta
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Nanded Rural Dental College and Research Centre, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddharth Vaish
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Nanded Rural Dental College and Research Centre, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
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7
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Ghorbanipour R, Teimoorian M, Mirzaie M, Tashakkorian H, Gholinia H, Alaghemand H, Pournajaf A. Effects of adding functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets on physical, mechanical, and anti-biofilm properties of acrylic resin: In vitro- experimental study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.372654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Ahamad Said M, Hasbullah NA, Rosdi MR, Musa MS, Rusli A, Ariffin A, Shafiq MD. Polymerization and Applications of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47490-47503. [PMID: 36591191 PMCID: PMC9798503 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO)-incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites (PMMA-GO) have demonstrated a wide range of outstanding mechanical, electrical, and physical characteristics. It is of interest to review the synthesis of PMMA-GO nanocomposites and their applications as multifunctional structural materials. The attention of this review is to focus on the radical polymerization techniques, mainly bulk and emulsion polymerization, to prepare PMMA-GO polymeric nanocomposite materials. This review also discusses the effect of solvent polarity on the polymerization process and the types of surfactants (anionic, cationic, nonionic) and initiator used in the polymerization. PMMA-GO nanocomposite synthesis using radical polymerization-based techniques is an active topic of study with several prospects for considerable future improvement and a variety of possible emerging applications. The concentration and dispersity of GO used in the polymerization play critical roles to ensure the functionality and performance of the PMMA-GO nanocomposites.
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Lopez de Armentia S, Abenojar J, Ballesteros Y, del Real JC, Dunne N, Paz E. Polymerization Kinetics of Acrylic Photopolymer Loaded with Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Additive Manufacturing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4498. [PMID: 36558351 PMCID: PMC9783852 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBN) can provide attractive properties to photocurable resins used in 3D printing technologies such as improved mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity, and biological capabilities. However, the presence of GBN can affect the printing process (e.g., polymerization, dimensional stability, or accuracy), as well as compromising the quality of structures. In this study an acrylic photocurable resin was reinforced with GBN, using methyl methacrylate (MMA) to favor homogenous dispersion of the nanomaterials. The objective was to investigate the influence that the incorporation of GBN and MMA has on polymerization kinetics by Differential Scanning Calorimetry using Model Free Kinetics, ultra-violet (UV) and thermal triggered polymerization. It was found that MMA catalyzed polymerization reaction by increasing the chain's mobility. In the case of GBNs, graphene demonstrated to inhibit both, thermally and UV triggered polymerization, whilst graphene oxide showed a double effect: it chemically inhibited the polymerization reaction during the initialization stage, but during the propagation stage it promoted the reaction. This study demonstrated that MMA can be used to achieve photocurable nanocomposites with homogenously dispersed GBN, and that the presence of GBN significantly modified the polymerization mechanism while an adaptation of the printing parameters is necessary in order to allow the printability of these nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopez de Armentia
- Institute for Research in Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Abenojar
- Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, Álvaro Alonso Barba Institute, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Institute for Research in Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos del Real
- Institute for Research in Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Eva Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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Tan QC, Jiang XS, Chen L, Huang JF, Zhou QX, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Sun YN, Wei M, Zhao X, Yang Z, Lei W, Tang YF, Wu ZX. Bioactive graphene oxide-functionalized self-expandable hydrophilic and osteogenic nanocomposite for orthopaedic applications. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bao J, Sun X, Chen Z, Yang J, Wang C. Study on the angiogenesis ability of Polymethyl methacrylate-mineralized collagen/Mg-Ca composite material in vitro and the bone formation effect in vivo. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:814-828. [PMID: 35969489 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys show high degrees of biocompatibility and biodegradability, used as biodegrad able materials in biomedical applications. In this study, Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) - mineralized collagen (nano-Hydroxyapatite/collagen; nHAC)/Mg-Ca composite materials were prepared, to study the angiogenesis ability of its composite materials on Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its osteogenesis effect in vivo. The results showed that the PMMA-nHAC reinforcement materials can promote the proliferation and adhesion in HUVECs of Mg matrix significantly, it can enhance the migration motility and VEGF expression of HUVECs. In vivo, Micro-CT examination showed that with coated samples presenting the highest bone formation. Histologically, the materials and their corrosion products caused no systematic or local cytotoxicological effects. Therefore, the Mg matrix composites prepared in the present study has good biocompatibility and PMMA-nHAC/Mg-Ca composite may be an ideal orthopedic material to improve the bone formation, and biodegradable magnesium based implants with bioactivity have potential applications in bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Bao
- Department of Prosthodontics, 207492The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xirao Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, 207492The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, 207492The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering, 70541Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.,College of Robotics, 70541Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyue Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, 207492The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Kroczek K, Turek P, Mazur D, Szczygielski J, Filip D, Brodowski R, Balawender K, Przeszłowski Ł, Lewandowski B, Orkisz S, Mazur A, Budzik G, Cebulski J, Oleksy M. Characterisation of Selected Materials in Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081526. [PMID: 35458276 PMCID: PMC9027145 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of science that has developed very intensively in recent years. The first part of this review describes materials with medical and dental applications from the following groups: metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Both positive and negative sides of their application are presented from the point of view of medical application and mechanical properties. A variety of techniques for the manufacture of biomedical components are presented in this review. The main focus of this work is on additive manufacturing and 3D printing, as these modern techniques have been evaluated to be the best methods for the manufacture of medical and dental devices. The second part presents devices for skull bone reconstruction. The materials from which they are made and the possibilities offered by 3D printing in this field are also described. The last part concerns dental transitional implants (scaffolds) for guided bone regeneration, focusing on polylactide–hydroxyapatite nanocomposite due to its unique properties. This section summarises the current knowledge of scaffolds, focusing on the material, mechanical and biological requirements, the effects of these devices on the human body, and their great potential for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Kroczek
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Turek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Damian Mazur
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Jacek Szczygielski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Damian Filip
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Robert Brodowski
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Fryderyk Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital No.1 in Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Balawender
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Łukasz Przeszłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Bogumił Lewandowski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Fryderyk Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital No.1 in Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Orkisz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Artur Mazur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.); (S.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Budzik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (Ł.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Józef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Oleksy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Karpiński R, Szabelski J, Krakowski P, Jojczuk M, Jonak J, Nogalski A. Evaluation of the Effect of Selected Physiological Fluid Contaminants on the Mechanical Properties of Selected Medium-Viscosity PMMA Bone Cements. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062197. [PMID: 35329650 PMCID: PMC8951357 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Revision surgeries several years after the implantation of the prosthesis are unfavorable from the patient’s point of view as they expose him to additional discomfort, to risk of complications and are expensive. One of the factors responsible for the aseptic loosening of the prosthesis is the gradual degradation of the cement material as a result of working under considerable loads, in an aggressive environment of the human body. Contaminants present in the surgical field may significantly affect the durability of the bone cement and, consequently, of the entire bone-cement-prosthesis system. The paper presents the results of an analysis of selected mechanical properties of two medium-viscosity bone cements DePuy CMW3 Gentamicin and Heraeus Palamed, for the samples contaminated with saline and blood in the range of 1–10%. The results obtained for compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were subjected to statistical analysis, which estimated the nature of changes in these parameters depending on the amount and type of contamination and their statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Karpiński
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakub Szabelski
- Section of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computerization and Production Robotization, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Przemysław Krakowski
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.J.); (A.N.)
- Orthopaedic Department, Łęczna Hospital, Krasnystawska 52, 21-010 Leczna, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jojczuk
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.J.); (A.N.)
| | - Józef Jonak
- Department of Machine Design and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Adam Nogalski
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.J.); (A.N.)
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14
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Influence of Different Nanometals Implemented in PMMA Bone Cement on Biological and Mechanical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050732. [PMID: 35269220 PMCID: PMC8911740 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cemented arthroplasty is a common process to fix prostheses when a patient becomes older and his/her bone quality deteriorates. The applied cements are biocompatible, can transfer loads, and dampen vibrations, but do not provide antibacterial protection. The present work is aimed at the development of cement with antibacterial effectivity achieved with the implementation of nanoparticles of different metals. The powders of Ag, Cu with particles size in a range of 10–30 nm (Cu10) and 70–100 nm (Cu70), AgCu, and Ni were added to PMMA cement. Their influence on compression strength, wettability, and antibacterial properties of cement was assessed. The surface topography of samples was examined with biological and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined by compression tests. A contact angle was observed with a goniometer. The biological tests included an assessment of cytotoxicity (XTT test on human cells Saos-2 line) and bacteria viability exposure (6 months). The cements with Ag and Cu nanopowders were free of bacteria. For AgCu and Ni nanoparticles, the bacterial solution became denser over time and, after 6 months, the bacteria clustered into conglomerates, creating a biofilm. All metal powders in their native form in direct contact reduce the number of eukaryotic cells. Cell viability is the least limited by Ag and Cu particles of smaller size. All samples demonstrated hydrophobic nature in the wettability test. The mechanical strength was not significantly affected by the additions of metal powders. The nanometal particles incorporated in PMMA-based bone cement can introduce long-term resistance against bacteria, not resulting in any serious deterioration of compression strength.
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15
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de Armentia SL, Fernández-Villamarín S, Ballesteros Y, Del Real JC, Dunne N, Paz E. 3D Printing of a Graphene-Modified Photopolymer Using Stereolithography for Biomedical Applications: A Study of the Polymerization Reaction. Int J Bioprint 2022; 8:503. [PMID: 35187285 PMCID: PMC8852266 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v8i1.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is gaining importance thanks to its multiple advantages. Stereolithography (SLA) shows the highest accuracy and the lowest anisotropy, which has facilitated the emergence of new applications as dentistry or tissue engineering. However, the availability of commercial photopolymers is still limited, and there is an increasing interest in developing resins with properties adapted for these new applications. The addition of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBN) may provide interesting advantages, such as improved mechanical properties and bioactivity. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of GBNs on the polymerization reaction. A photopolymerizable acrylic resin has been used, and the effect of the addition of 0.1wt% of graphene (G); graphene oxide (GO) and graphite nanoplatelets (GoxNP) on printability and polymerization have been investigated. It was observed that the effect depended on GBN type, functionalization and structure (e.g., number of layers, size, and morphology) due to differences in the extent of dispersion and light absorbance. The obtained results showed that GO and GoxNP did not significantly affect the printability and quality of the final structure, whilst the application of G exhibited a negative effect in terms of printability due to a reduction in the polymerization degree. GO and GoxNP-loaded resins showed a great potential to be used for manufacturing structures by SLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lopez de Armentia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fernández-Villamarín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Ballesteros
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Del Real
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - E Paz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Fang H, Zhu D, Yang Q, Chen Y, Zhang C, Gao J, Gao Y. Emerging zero-dimensional to four-dimensional biomaterials for bone regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 34991600 PMCID: PMC8740479 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most sophisticated and dynamic tissues in the human body, and is characterized by its remarkable potential for regeneration. In most cases, bone has the capacity to be restored to its original form with homeostatic functionality after injury without any remaining scarring. Throughout the fascinating processes of bone regeneration, a plethora of cell lineages and signaling molecules, together with the extracellular matrix, are precisely regulated at multiple length and time scales. However, conditions, such as delayed unions (or nonunion) and critical-sized bone defects, represent thorny challenges for orthopedic surgeons. During recent decades, a variety of novel biomaterials have been designed to mimic the organic and inorganic structure of the bone microenvironment, which have tremendously promoted and accelerated bone healing throughout different stages of bone regeneration. Advances in tissue engineering endowed bone scaffolds with phenomenal osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, vascularization and neurotization effects as well as alluring properties, such as antibacterial effects. According to the dimensional structure and functional mechanism, these biomaterials are categorized as zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and four-dimensional biomaterials. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the astounding advances in emerging biomaterials for bone regeneration by categorizing them as zero-dimensional to four-dimensional biomaterials, which were further elucidated by typical examples. Hopefully, this review will provide some inspiration for the future design of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Optimization of the Mechanical Properties and the Cytocompatibility for the PMMA Nanocomposites Reinforced with the Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers and the Magnesium Phosphate Nanosheets. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195893. [PMID: 34640291 PMCID: PMC8510305 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Commercial poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based cement is currently used in the field of orthopedics. However, it suffers from lack of bioactivity, mechanical weakness, and monomer toxicity. In this study, a PMMA-based cement nanocomposite reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers and two-dimensional (2D) magnesium phosphate MgP nanosheets was synthesized and optimized in terms of mechanical property and cytocompatibility. The HA nanofibers and the MgP nanosheets were synthesized using a hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation method and tuning the crystallization of the sodium-magnesium-phosphate ternary system, respectively. Compressive strength and MTT assay tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical property and the cytocompatibility of the PMMA-HA-MgP nanocomposites prepared at different ratios of HA and MgP. To optimize the developed nanocomposites, the standard response surface methodology (RSM) design known as the central composite design (CCD) was employed. Two regression models generated by CCD were analyzed and compared with the experimental results, and good agreement was observed. Statistical analysis revealed the significance of both factors, namely, the HA nanofibers and the MgP nanosheets, in improving the compressive strength and cell viability of the PMMA-MgP-HA nanocomposite. Finally, it was demonstrated that the HA nanofibers of 7.5% wt and the MgP nanosheets of 6.12% wt result in the PMMA-HA-MgP nanocomposite with the optimum compressive strength and cell viability.
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18
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Levenez B, Gil-Cortes T, Rodríguez-Fuentes N, Jiménez JE, Herrera-Kao W, Loría-Bastarrachea MI, May-Pat A, Guerrero-Bermea C, Uribe-Calderón J, Cervantes-Uc JM. Silanized graphene oxide as a reinforcing agent for acrylic bone cements: physicochemical, mechanical and biological characterization. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:1736-1753. [PMID: 34092190 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1937464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, different carbon-based nanomaterials have been used as reinforcing agents in acrylic bone cement formulations. Among them, graphene oxide (GO) has attracted the attention of scientific community since it could improve not only the mechanical properties but also the biocompatibility characteristics of these materials. However, using GO presents some drawbacks, such as its poor dispersion and lack of interaction with polymeric matrices, which should be prior resolved to achieve its optimal performance in acrylic bone cement. Thus, in this work, GO was treated with 3-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane at various concentrations (1, 3 and 5 wt.%) to improve the interaction between the nanofiller and the poly (methyl methacrylate) matrix. Modified GO was incorporated at different percentages (0.1, 0.5 and 0.75 wt.%) into acrylic bone cement formulations and some properties were evaluated. The silanization process of the GO was confirmed by FTIR, TGA and EDX. The improvement in the mechanical performance was monitored on the compression properties whereas those related with biological properties were evaluated by osteoblast cell viability and hemocompatibility tests. Results suggest that using a 1 wt.% of the silane coupling agent, during surface treatment of GO, yields the best mechanical performance in this type of materials. It was also found that the presence of neat GO or silanized GO does not compromise the cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility of acrylic bone cement formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Levenez
- Département Matériaux - Campus de Luminy, Polytech Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Tania Gil-Cortes
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C, Unidad de Materiales, Mérida, México
| | - Nayeli Rodríguez-Fuentes
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C, Unidad de Materiales, Mérida, México
| | - Juana Enríquez Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wilberth Herrera-Kao
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C, Unidad de Materiales, Mérida, México
| | | | - Alejandro May-Pat
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C, Unidad de Materiales, Mérida, México
| | | | - Jorge Uribe-Calderón
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C, Unidad de Materiales, Mérida, México
| | - José M Cervantes-Uc
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C, Unidad de Materiales, Mérida, México
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19
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Chen L, Tang Y, Zhao K, Liu J, Jiang X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Tan Q, Yang Z, Wu Z. High water‐absorbent and fast‐expanding
PMMA
bone cement with double‐bridged structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yufei Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Kang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Xiashu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yani Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Orthopaedics Xi'jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Quanchang Tan
- Institute of Orthopaedics Xi'jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Institute of Orthopaedics Xi'jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics Xi'jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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20
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Optimization of Mechanical and Setting Properties in Acrylic Bone Cements Added with Graphene Oxide. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extended use of acrylic bone cements (ABC) in orthopedics presents some disadvantages related to the generation of high temperatures during methyl methacrylate polymerization, thermal tissue necrosis, and low mechanical properties. Both weaknesses cause an increase in costs for the health system and a decrease in the patient’s quality of life due to the prosthesis’s loosening. Materials such as graphene oxide (GO) have a reinforcing effect on ABC’s mechanical and setting properties. This article shows for the first time the interactions present between the factors sonication time and GO percentage in the liquid phase, together with the percentage of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in the solid phase, on the mechanical and setting properties established for cements in the ISO 5833-02 standard. Optimization of the factors using a completely randomized experimental design with a factorial structure resulted in selecting nine combinations that presented an increase in compression, flexion, and the setting time and decreased the maximum temperature reached during the polymerization. All of these characteristics are desirable for improving the clinical performance of cement. Those containing 0.3 wt.% of GO were highlighted from the selected formulations because all the possible combinations of the studied factors generate desirable properties for the ABC.
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21
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CNT and rGO reinforced PMMA based bone cement for fixation of load bearing implants: Mechanical property and biological response. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104320. [PMID: 33571842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements (BCs) have some drawbacks, including limited bioactivity and bone formation, as well as inferior mechanical properties, which may result in failure of the BC. To deal with the mentioned issues, novel bioactive polymethyl methacrylate-hardystonite (PMMA-HT) bone cement (BC) reinforced with 0.25 and 0.5 wt% of carbon nanotube (CNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized. In this context, the obtained bone cements were evaluated in terms of their mechanical and biological characteristics. The rGO reinforced bone cement exhibited better mechanical properties to the extent that the addition of 0.5 wt% of rGO where its compressive and tensile strength of bioactive PMMA-HT/rGO cement escalated from 92.07 ± 0.72 MPa, and 40.02 ± 0.71 MPa to 187.48 ± 5.79 MPa and 64.92 ± 0.75 MPa, respectively. Besides, the mechanisms of toughening, apatite formation, and cell interaction in CNT and rGO encapsulated PMMA have been studied. Results showed that the existence of CNT and rGO in BCs led to increase of MG63 osteoblast viability, and proliferation. However, rGO reinforced bone cement was more successful in supporting MG63 cell attachment compared to the CNT counterpart due to its wrinkled surface, which made a suitable substrate for cell adhesion. Based on the results, PMMA-HT/rGO can be a proper bone cement for the fixation of load-bearing implants.
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22
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Paz E, Ballesteros Y, Abenojar J, Dunne N, del Real JC. Advanced G-MPS-PMMA Bone Cements: Influence of Graphene Silanisation on Fatigue Performance, Thermal Properties and Biocompatibility. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E139. [PMID: 33435593 PMCID: PMC7826625 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of well-dispersed graphene (G) powder to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has been demonstrated as a promising solution to improving its mechanical performance. However, two crucial aspects limit the effectiveness of G as a reinforcing agent: (1) the poor dispersion and (2) the lack of strong interfacial bonds between G and the matrix of the bone cement. This work reports a successful functionalisation route to promote the homogenous dispersion of G via silanisation using 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (MPS). Furthermore, the effects of the silanisation on the mechanical, thermal and biocompatibility properties of bone cements are presented. In comparison with unsilanised G, the incorporation of silanised G (G_MPS1 and G_MPS2) increased the bending strength by 17%, bending modulus by 15% and deflection at failure by 17%. The most impressive results were obtained for the mechanical properties under fatigue loading, where the incorporation of G_MPS doubled the Fatigue Performance Index (I) value of unsilanised G-bone cement-meaning a 900% increase over the I value of the cement without G. Additionally, to ensure that the silanisation did not have a negative influence on other fundamental properties of bone cement, it was demonstrated that the thermal properties and biocompatibility were not negatively impacted-allowing its potential clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 26, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.); (J.C.d.R.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 26, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.); (J.C.d.R.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Abenojar
- In-Service Material Performance Group, Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, “Álvaro Alonso Barba” Institute of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Av. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain;
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Juan C. del Real
- Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 26, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.); (J.C.d.R.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Wright ZM, Pandit AM, Karpinsky MM, Holt BD, Zovinka EP, Sydlik SA. Bioactive, Ion-Releasing PMMA Bone Cement Filled with Functional Graphenic Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001189. [PMID: 33326158 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide and functionalized graphenic materials (FGMs) have promise as platforms for imparting programmable bioactivity to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cement. To date, however, graphenic fillers have only been feasible in PMMA cements at extremely low loadings, limiting the bioactive effects. At higher loadings, graphenic fillers decrease cement strength by aggregating and interfering with curing process. Here, these challenges are addressed by combining bioactive FGM fillers with a custom cement formulation. These cements contain an order of magnitude more graphenic filler than previous reports. Even at 1 wt% FGM, these cements have compressive strengths of 78- 88 MPa, flexural strengths of 74-81 MPa, and flexural stiffnesses of 1.8-1.9 GPa, surpassing the ASTM requirements for bone cement and competing with traditional PMMA cement. Further, by utilizing designer FGMs with programmed bioactivity, these cements demonstrate controlled release of osteogenic calcium ions (releasing a total of 5 ± 2 µmol of Ca2+ per gram of cement over 28 d) and stimulate a 290% increase in expression of alkaline phosphatase in human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Also, design criteria are described to guide creation of future generations of bone cements that utilize FGMs as platforms to achieve dynamic biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe M. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Mellon Institute 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Avanti M. Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Mellon Institute 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Michelle M. Karpinsky
- Department of Chemistry Saint Francis University 117 Evergreen Drive, P. O. Box 600 Loretto PA 15940 USA
| | - Brian D. Holt
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Mellon Institute 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Edward P. Zovinka
- Department of Chemistry Saint Francis University 117 Evergreen Drive, P. O. Box 600 Loretto PA 15940 USA
| | - Stefanie A. Sydlik
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Mellon Institute 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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24
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Effect of Physiological Saline Solution Contamination on Selected Mechanical Properties of Seasoned Acrylic Bone Cements of Medium and High Viscosity. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010110. [PMID: 33383870 PMCID: PMC7796448 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone cements play a key role in present-day surgery, including the implantation of hip and knee joint endoprostheses. The correct and durable bonding of the prosthesis to the bone is affected by both the static strength characteristics determined in accordance with ISO 5833:2002 and the resistance to long-term exposure to an aggressive environment of the human body and the impurities that may be introduced into the cement during implementation. The study attempts to demonstrate statistically significant degradation of cement as a result of the seasoning of cement samples in Ringer’s solution with simultaneous contamination of the material with saline solution, which is usually present in the surgical field (e.g., during the fixing of endoprostheses). The results of statistical analysis showed the nature of changes in compressive strength and microhardness due to seasoning time and degree of contamination.
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25
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Zapata MEV, Tovar CDG, Hernandez JHM. The Role of Chitosan and Graphene Oxide in Bioactive and Antibacterial Properties of Acrylic Bone Cements. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1616. [PMID: 33265973 PMCID: PMC7760599 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are widely used in orthopedics for joint fixation, antibiotic release, and bone defect filling, among others. However, most commercially available ABCs exhibit a lack of bioactivity and are susceptible to infection after implantation. These disadvantages generate long-term loosening of the prosthesis, high morbidity, and prolonged and expensive treatments. Due to the great importance of acrylic bone cements in orthopedics, the scientific community has advanced several efforts to develop bioactive ABCs with antibacterial activity through several strategies, including the use of biodegradable materials such as chitosan (CS) and nanostructures such as graphene oxide (GO), with promising results. This paper reviews several studies reporting advantages in bioactivity and antibacterial properties after incorporating CS and GO in bone cements. Detailed information on the possible mechanisms by which these fillers confer bioactive and antibacterial properties to cements, resulting in formulations with great potential for use in orthopedics, are also a focus in the manuscript. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that presents the improvement in biological properties with CS and GO addition in cements that we believe will contribute to the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia;
| | - Carlos David Grande Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
| | - José Herminsul Mina Hernandez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia;
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Nosrati H, Sarraf-Mamoory R, Karimi Behnagh A, Zolfaghari Emameh R, Aidun A, Le DQS, Canillas Perez M, Bünger CE. Comparison of the effect of argon, hydrogen, and nitrogen gases on the reduced graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites characteristics. BMC Chem 2020; 14:59. [PMID: 33043299 PMCID: PMC7542771 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the argon, nitrogen, and hydrogen gases on the final properties of the reduced graphene oxide- hydroxyapatite nanocomposites synthesized by gas injected hydrothermal method was investigated. Four samples were synthesized, which in the first sample the pressure was controlled by volume change at a constant concentration. In subsequent samples, the pressure inside the autoclave was adjusted by the injecting gases. The initial pressure of the injected gases was 10 bar and the final pressure considered was 25 bar. The synthesized powders were consolidated at 950 °C and 2 MPa by spark plasma sintering method. The final samples were subjected to Vickers indentation analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the injection of argon, hydrogen, and nitrogen gases improved the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Injection of gases increased the crystallinity and particle size of hydroxyapatite, and this increase was greater for nitrogen gas than for others. Injection of these gases increased the rate of graphene oxide reduction and in this case the effect of nitrogen gas was greater than the others. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nosrati
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Aidun
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Tissues and Biomaterials Research Group (TBRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Cody Eric Bünger
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Du Z, Wang C, Zhang R, Wang X, Li X. Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Bone Repair: Advantages for Promoting Bone Formation and Providing Real-Time Detection, Challenges and Future Prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7523-7551. [PMID: 33116486 PMCID: PMC7547809 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s271917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During continuous innovation in the preparation, characterization and application of various bone repair materials for several decades, nanomaterials have exhibited many unique advantages. As a kind of representative two-dimensional nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives (GDs) such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have shown promising potential for the application in bone repair based on their excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, large specific surface area (SSA) and atomic structure stability. Herein, we reviewed the updated application of them in bone repair in order to present, as comprehensively, as possible, their specific advantages, challenges and current solutions. Firstly, how their advantages have been utilized in bone repair materials with improved bone formation ability was discussed. Especially, the effects of further functionalization or modification were emphasized. Then, the signaling pathways involved in GDs-induced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and immunomodulatory mechanism of GDs-induced bone regeneration were discussed. On the other hand, their applications as contrast agents in the field of bone repair were summarized. In addition, we also reviewed the progress and related principles of the effects of GDs parameters on cytotoxicity and residues. At last, the future research was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipo Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 072350, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Research and Teaching, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 072350, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Osseointegration of Antimicrobial Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide and Chitosan. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic bone cement (ABC) is one of the most used materials in orthopedic surgery, mainly for the fixation of orthopedic implants to the bone. However, ABCs usually present lack of biological activity and osseointegration capacity that leads to loosening of the prosthesis. This work reports the effect of introducing graphene oxide (GO) and chitosan (CS), separately or together, in the ABC formulation on setting performance, mechanical behavior, and biological properties. Introduction of both CS and GO to the ABC decreased the maximum temperature by 21% and increased the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli by 87%, while introduction of only CS decreased bending strength by 32%. The results of cell viability and cell adhesion tests showed in vitro biocompatibility. The in vivo response was investigated using both subdermal and bone parietal implantations in Wistar rats. Modified ABCs showed absence of immune response, as confirmed by a normal inflammatory response in Wistar rat subdermal implantation. The results of the parietal bone implantation showed that the addition of CS and GO together allowed a near total healing bone–cement interface, as observed in the micrographic analysis. The overall results support the great potential of the modified ABCs for application in orthopedic surgery mainly in those cases where osseointegration is required.
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Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide: Mechanical, Physical, and Antibacterial Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081773. [PMID: 32784747 PMCID: PMC7464601 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a common complication after total joint replacements (TJRs), the treatment of which is usually based on the application of antibiotic-loaded cements; however, owing to the increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, the possibility of studying new antibacterial agents in acrylic bone cements (ABCs) is open. In this study, the antibacterial effect of formulations of ABCs loaded with graphene oxide (GO) between 0 and 0.5 wt.% was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative ones: Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. It was found that the effect of GO was dependent on the concentration and type of bacteria: GO loadings ≥0.2 wt.% presented total inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria, while GO loadings ≥0.3 wt.% was necessary to achieve the same effect with Gram-positives bacteria. Additionally, the evaluation of some physical and mechanical properties showed that the presence of GO in cement formulations increased wettability by 17%, reduced maximum temperature during polymerization by 19%, increased setting time by 40%, and increased compressive and flexural mechanical properties by up to 17%, all of which are desirable behaviors in ABCs. The formulation of ABC loading with 0.3 wt.% GO showed great potential for use as a bone cement with antibacterial properties.
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30
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Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13132991. [PMID: 32635603 PMCID: PMC7372355 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to its versatility, small size, large surface area, and ability to interact with biological cells and tissues, graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent filler for various polymeric composites and is frequently used to expand their functionality. Even though the major advantage of the incorporation of GO is the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composite material, GO is also known to improve bioactivity during biomineralization and promote osteoblast adhesion. In this study, we described the fabrication of a composite bone cement made of GO and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and we investigated its potential to enhance osteogenic differentiation of human primary mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Through the analysis of three differentiation markers, namely alkaline phosphatase, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the presence and in the absence of an osteogenic differentiation medium, we were able to indicate a composite produced manually with a thick GO paper as the most effective among all investigated samples. This effect was related to its developed surface, possessing a significant number of voids and pores. In this way, GO/PMMA composites were shown as promising materials for the applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Karbasi S, Tavakoli M, Razzaghi M, Ismail AF, RamaKrishna S, Berto F. Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cements Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide: An Overview of Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071469. [PMID: 32629907 PMCID: PMC7407371 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of people in the world get bone diseases and need orthopedic surgery as one of the most important treatments. Owing to their superior properties, such as acceptable biocompatibility and providing great primary bone fixation with the implant, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements (BCs) are among the essential materials as fixation implants in different orthopedic and trauma surgeries. On the other hand, these BCs have some disadvantages, including Lack of bone formation and bioactivity, and low mechanical properties, which can lead to bone cement (BC) failure. Hence, plenty of studies have been concentrating on eliminating BC failures by using different kinds of ceramics and polymers for reinforcement and also by producing composite materials. This review article aims to evaluate mechanical properties, self-setting characteristics, biocompatibility, and bioactivity of the PMMA-based BCs composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and carbon-based compounds. In the present study, we compared the effects of CNTs and GO as reinforcement agents in the PMMA-based BCs. Upcoming study on the PMMA-based BCs should concentrate on trialing combinations of these carbon-based reinforcing agents as this might improve beneficial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; (S.S.E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; (S.S.E.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: or (H.R.B.-R.); (F.B.)
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologes in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Mahmood Razzaghi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; (S.S.E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Seeram RamaKrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore;
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: or (H.R.B.-R.); (F.B.)
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Novel PMMA bone cement nanocomposites containing magnesium phosphate nanosheets and hydroxyapatite nanofibers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ye R, Yang J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Yang J, Li Y, Liu B, Jiang L. Fabrication of Tip-Hollow and Tip-Dissolvable Microneedle Arrays for Transdermal Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2487-2494. [PMID: 33455301 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We developed a modified micromolding method for the mass production of a novel tip-hollow microneedle array (MA). The tip-hollow MA was fabricated by tuning of the vacuum degree at -80 kPa for 60 s during the micromolding process. Subsequently, a tip-dissolvable MA encapsulated with drugs in the microcraters was fabricated from tip-hollow MA using repeated dipping and the freeze-drying process. Both the tip-hollow and tip-dissolvable MAs could easily penetrate in the rabbit skin without breakage, while the tip-hollow MA can just create a shallow loop hole in the skin. The drug-loaded tip-dissolvable MA can rapidly dissolve, releasing and diffusing the drug in the skin. The tip-dissolvable MA exhibited the best drug permeation ability in that the corresponding flux through the punctured skin using tip-dissolvable MA loaded with Rhodamine B is about 1.7- and 5.8-fold of that through the punctured skin using solid MA and the intact skin, respectively. The tip-dissolvable MA loaded with 5 IU insulin was fabricated to in vivo treat the type 1 diabetic SD rats. The tip-dissolvable MA had a good hypoglycemic effect and exhibited longer normoglycemic period in comparison with subcutaneous injection (5 IU). Therefore, our tip-dissolve MA is a promising medical device for transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Peng Z, Zhao T, Zhou Y, Li S, Li J, Leblanc RM. Bone Tissue Engineering via Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901495. [PMID: 31976623 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has received significant attention due to its enormous potential in treating critical-sized bone defects and related diseases. Traditional materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers have been widely applied as BTE scaffolds; however, their clinical applications have been rather limited due to various considerations. Recently, carbon-based nanomaterials attract significant interests for their applications as BTE scaffolds due to their superior properties, including excellent mechanical strength, large surface area, tunable surface functionalities, high biocompatibility as well as abundant and inexpensive nature. In this article, recent studies and advancements on the use of carbon-based nanomaterials with different dimensions such as graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots, for BTE are reviewed. Current challenges of carbon-based nanomaterials for BTE and future trends in BTE scaffolds development are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Shanghao Li
- MP Biomedicals, 9 Goddard, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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35
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Tavakoli M, Bakhtiari SSE, Karbasi S. Incorporation of chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposite in to the PMMA bone cement: Physical, mechanical and biological evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:783-793. [PMID: 32014476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the most popular types of bone cements is polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The properties of this bone cement have attracted many researchers effort to modify its properties. In this study, after preparation of chitosan (Cs) powder and Cs/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite powder, they were added homogeneously to the PMMA bone cement with different percentages. The results showed that the addition of 25 wt% of Cs/GO nanocomposite powder to the PMMA bone cement cause to increase the compressive strength by 16.2%, the compressive modulus by 69.1% and the bending strength by 24.0%. The obtained results showed that by adding Cs/GO nanocomposite powder to the PMMA bone cement, setting time and injectability were increased, maximum temperature was decreased and apatite-like deposition was increased after 4 weeks of incubation in SBF solution. The results of MG-63 cell culture confirmed the improvement of cell viability, growth and cell adhesion for 25 wt% PMMA-Cs/GO composite bone cement. Therefore, it can be concluded that 25 wt% PMMA-Cs/GO composite bone cement with improved mechanical, physical and biological properties can be a good replacement for common commercial bone cements in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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36
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Flexural strength, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity of a polymethyl methacrylate denture resin enhanced with graphene and silver nanoparticles. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2713-2725. [PMID: 31734793 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study evaluates the effect of adding graphene-Ag nanoparticles (G-AgNp) to a PMMA auto-polymerizing resin, with focus on antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, monomer release, and mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Auto-polymerizing acrylic resin (M) was loaded with 1 wt% G-AgNp (P1) and 2 wt% G-AgNp (P2). Methyl methacrylate monomer release (MMA) was measured after immersion of the samples in chloroform and cell medium respectively. Cell viability was assessed on dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) and dental pulp stem cells. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response following exposure of dysplastic oral keratinocytes to the experimental resins was evaluated. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli and also flexural strength of the resins were assessed. RESULTS Residual monomer: For samples immersed in chloroform, MMA concentration reached high levels, 10.27 μg/g for sample P1; MMA increased at higher G-AgNp loading; 0.63 μg/g MMA was found in medium for P1, and less for sample P2. Cell viability: Both cell lines displayed a viability decrease, but remained above 75%, compared to controls, when exposed to undiluted samples. Inflammation: proinflammatory molecule TNF-α decreased when DOK cultures were exposed to G-AgNp samples. MDA levels indicated increased oxidative stress damage in cells treated with PMMA, confirmed by the antioxidant mechanism activation, while samples containing G-AgNp induced an antioxidant effect. All tested samples showed antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria. Samples containing G-AgNp also exhibited bactericide action on E. coli. Mechanical properties: both samples containing G-AgNp improved flexural strength compared to the sample resin, measured through elastic strength parameters. CONCLUSIONS PMMA resin loaded with G-AgNp presents promising antibacterial activity associated with minimal toxicity to human cells, in vitro, as well as improved flexural properties. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These encouraging results obtained in vitro support further in vivo investigation, to thoroughly check whether the PMMA loaded with graphene-silver nanoparticles constitute an improvement over current denture materials.
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37
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Paz E, Ballesteros Y, Forriol F, Dunne N, del Real J. Graphene and graphene oxide functionalisation with silanes for advanced dispersion and reinforcement of PMMA-based bone cements. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Leão RDS, Moraes SLDD, Gomes JMDL, Lemos CAA, Casado BGDS, Vasconcelos BCDE, Pellizzer EP. Influence of addition of zirconia on PMMA: A systematic review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 106:110292. [PMID: 31753402 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of zirconia (ZrO2) particles on the mechanical properties of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), and to establish which characteristics of this material yield the best results aiming their biomedical applicability. This study was carried out in accordance with the Items of Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) and is registered in PROSPERO under registration number: CRD42018095801. The searches were carried out in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for articles published up until April 2018. After the different stages of the article selection process, eight articles were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis. All were in vitro studies, totaling 536 evaluated samples. The concentrations of zirconia ranged from 0.5% to 20% and the particle sizes were between 15 nm and 10 μm. The incorporation of zirconia particles did not increase the flexural strength of PMMA in only one study. While the concentration of zirconia influences PMMA, the type of acrylic resin, size, and silanization of zirconia particles did not influence the results. Thus, the addition of zirconia particles showed a positive effect on PMMA enhancing their use in the medical and dental field, especially when certain anatomical areas requires higher strength of the materials, providing longevity for the rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella de Souza Leão
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dentistry School, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Marcela de Luna Gomes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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39
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Paz E, Ballesteros Y, Abenojar J, del Real J, Dunne N. Graphene Oxide and Graphene Reinforced PMMA Bone Cements: Evaluation of Thermal Properties and Biocompatibility. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193146. [PMID: 31561521 PMCID: PMC6803896 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of well-dispersed graphene oxide (GO) and graphene (G) has been demonstrated as a promising solution to improve the mechanical performance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements in an attempt to enhance the long-term survival of the cemented orthopaedic implants. However, to move forward with the clinical application of graphene-based PMMA bone cements, it is necessary to ensure the incorporation of graphene-based powders do not negatively affect other fundamental properties (e.g., thermal properties and biocompatibility), which may compromise the clinical success of the implant. In this study, the effect of incorporating GO and G on thermal properties, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity of PMMA bone cement was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry studies demonstrated that the extent of the polymerisation reaction, heat generation, thermal conductivity, or glass transition temperature were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the addition of the GO or G powders. The cell viability showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in viability when MC3-T3 cells were exposed to the surface of G- or GO-PMMA bone cements in comparison to the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the incorporation of GO or G powder did not significantly influence the thermal properties or biocompatibility of PMMA bone cements, potentially allowing its clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology /Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (N.J.D.)
| | - Y. Ballesteros
- Institute for Research in Technology /Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.)
| | - J. Abenojar
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, IAAB, Materials Performance Group, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganes, Madrid, Spain;
| | - J.C. del Real
- Institute for Research in Technology /Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.)
| | - N.J. Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (N.J.D.)
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The Influence of Graphene in Improvement of Physico-Mechanical Properties in PMMA Denture Base Resins. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142335. [PMID: 31340462 PMCID: PMC6678796 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The clinical performances of dental materials depend on their mechanical profiles, determining their long-term deformation and wear resistance. This paper describes a study on the mechanical properties, water absorption and morphological properties of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin enriched with graphene-silver nanoparticles (Gr-Ag). Two different concentrations—1 and 2 wt.%—of Gr-Ag were loaded into the PMMA material. For the mechanical characterization, the compression behavior, flexural strength and tensile strength were evaluated. Optical microscopy in polarized light and scanning electron microscopy were used for filler analysis. The filler addition led to an improvement in all mechanical properties, with slight changes being derived from the filler content variation. Gr-Ag use led to an increase in the applied maximum loads. Moreover, 1 wt.% Gr-Ag determined an increase of 174% in the modulus of rupture, which indicates high flexibility.
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Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Maleki A, de la Guardia M, Bani MS, Chenab KK, Pashazadeh-Panahi P, Baradaran B, Mokhtarzadeh A, Hamblin MR. Carbon based nanomaterials for tissue engineering of bone: Building new bone on small black scaffolds: A review. J Adv Res 2019; 18:185-201. [PMID: 31032119 PMCID: PMC6479020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly-growing approach to replace and repair damaged and defective tissues in the human body. Every year, a large number of people require bone replacements for skeletal defects caused by accident or disease that cannot heal on their own. In the last decades, tissue engineering of bone has attracted much attention from biomedical scientists in academic and commercial laboratories. A vast range of biocompatible advanced materials has been used to form scaffolds upon which new bone can form. Carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds are a key example, with the advantages of being biologically compatible, mechanically stable, and commercially available. They show remarkable ability to affect bone tissue regeneration, efficient cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Basically, scaffolds are templates for growth, proliferation, regeneration, adhesion, and differentiation processes of bone stem cells that play a truly critical role in bone tissue engineering. The appropriate scaffold should supply a microenvironment for bone cells that is most similar to natural bone in the human body. A variety of carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, carbon dots (CDs), nanodiamonds and their derivatives that are able to act as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, are covered in this review. Broadly, the ability of the family of carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds and their critical role in bone tissue engineering research are discussed. The significant stimulating effects on cell growth, low cytotoxicity, efficient nutrient delivery in the scaffold microenvironment, suitable functionalized chemical structures to facilitate cell-cell communication, and improvement in cell spreading are the main advantages of carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milad Salimi Bani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Khanmohammadi Chenab
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Paria Pashazadeh-Panahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Valencia Zapata ME, Mina Hernandez JH, Grande Tovar CD, Valencia Llano CH, Diaz Escobar JA, Vázquez-Lasa B, San Román J, Rojo L. Novel Bioactive and Antibacterial Acrylic Bone Cement Nanocomposites Modified with Graphene Oxide and Chitosan. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122938. [PMID: 31208091 PMCID: PMC6627441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylic bone cements (ABCs) have played a key role in orthopedic surgery mainly in arthroplasties, but their use is increasingly extending to other applications, such as remodeling of cancerous bones, cranioplasties, and vertebroplasties. However, these materials present some limitations related to their inert behavior and the risk of infection after implantation, which leads to a lack of attachment and makes necessary new surgical interventions. In this research, the physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and biological properties of ABCs modified with chitosan (CS) and graphene oxide (GO) were studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression resistance, mechanical dynamic analysis (DMA), hydrolytic degradation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with human osteoblasts (HOb), and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli were used to characterize the ABCs. The results revealed good dispersion of GO nanosheets in the ABCs. GO provided an increase in antibacterial activity, roughness, and flexural behavior, while CS generated porosity, increased the rate of degradation, and decreased compression properties. All ABCs were not cytotoxic and support good cell viability of HOb. The novel formulation of ABCs containing GO and CS simultaneously, increased the thermal stability, flexural modulus, antibacterial behavior, and osteogenic activity, which gives it a high potential for its uses in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia.
| | - José Herminsul Mina Hernandez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia.
| | - Carlos David Grande Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia.
| | | | - José Alfredo Diaz Escobar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Avenida 6N # 28N - 102, Cali 76001, Colombia.
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomedica en red, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio San Román
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomedica en red, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomedica en red, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Yu K, Liang B, Zheng Y, Exner A, Kolios M, Xu T, Guo D, Cai X, Wang Z, Ran H, Chu L, Deng Z. PMMA-Fe 3O 4 for internal mechanical support and magnetic thermal ablation of bone tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4192-4207. [PMID: 31281541 PMCID: PMC6592182 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive modalities are of great interest in the field of treating bone tumors. However, providing reliable mechanical support and fast killing of tumor cells to achieve rapid recovery of physical function is still challenging in clinical works. Methods: A material with two functions, mechanical support and magnetic thermal ablation, was developed from Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) distributed in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. The mechanical properties and efficiency of magnetic field-induced thermal ablation were systematically and successfully evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. CT images and pathological examination were successfully applied to evaluate therapeutic efficacy with a rabbit bone tumor model. Biosafety evaluation was performed with a rabbit in vivo, and a cytotoxicity test was performed in vitro. Results: An NP content of 6% Fe3O4 (PMMA-6% Fe3O4, mFe: 0.01 g) gave the most suitable performance for in vivo study. At the 56-day follow-up after treatment, bone tumors were ablated without obvious side effects. The pathological examination and new bone formation in CT images clearly illustrate that the bone tumors were completely eliminated. Correspondingly, after treatment, the tendency of bone tumors toward metastasis significantly decreased. Moreover, with well-designed mechanical properties, PMMA-6%Fe3O4 implantation endowed tumor-bearing rabbit legs with excellent bio-mimic bone structure and internal support. Biosafety evaluation did not induce an increase or decrease in the immune response, and major functional parameters were all at normal levels. Conclusion: We have presented a novel, highly efficient and minimally invasive approach for complete bone tumor regression and bone defect repair by magnetic thermal ablation based on PMMA containing Fe3O4 NPs; this approach shows excellent heating ability for rabbit VX2 tibial plateau tumor ablation upon exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and provides mechanical support for bone repair. The new and powerful dual-function implant is a promising minimally invasive agent for the treatment of bone tumors and has good clinical translation potential.
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Pahlevanzadeh F, Ebrahimian-Hosseinabadi M. Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Nano Graphene Bone Cement for Orthopedic Application. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS & SENSORS 2019; 9:33-41. [PMID: 30967988 PMCID: PMC6419566 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_34_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to make a bioactive bone cement based on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with suitable mechanical properties. Methods: PMMA has been modified by fabricating a composite consisting of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 68 wt%, PMMA 31 wt% and graphene (Gr) 1 wt% (PMMA/BCP/Gr), 32 wt% of PMMA, and 68 wt% of BCP (PMMA/BCP) and pure PMMA by milling, mixing with monomer liquid, and casting. The modified cements were evaluated regarding mechanical properties, bioactivity, degradation rate, and biocompatibility. Results: The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on samples surface after 28 days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) demonstrated that bioactivity was obtained due to the addition of BCP, and the degradation rate of the cement was enhanced as well. Investigations of mechanical properties revealed that BCP increased the elastic modulus of PMMA more than 1.5 times, but predictably decreased elongation. The addition of 1 wt% Gr increased elongation and yield strength from 16.39% ± 1.02% and 61.67 ± 1.52 Mpa for PMMA/BCP to 35.18% ± 2.42% and 78.40 ± 2.06 Mpa for PMMA/BCP/Gr, respectively. MG63 cells survival and proliferation improved from 127.55% ± 7.03% for PMMA to 201.41% ± 10.7% for PMMA/BCP/Gr on Day 4 of culture. Conclusion: According to the obtained results of mechanical and biological tests, it seems that new PMMA/BCP/Gr bone cement has a potentiality for usage in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Pahlevanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
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Xu C, Ma B, Peng J, Gao L, Xu Y, Huan Z, Chang J. Tricalcium silicate/graphene oxide bone cement with photothermal properties for tumor ablation. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2808-2818. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Illustration of the Tricalcium silicate/graphene oxide bone cement for bone tumor ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Peng
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Long Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Huan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
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Solís-Ruiz JA, Alonzo-Medina GM, May-Pat A, Dominguez-Cherit L, Acuña-Gonzalez N, Cervantes-Uc JM, Uribe-Calderon J. Improvement of fatigue strength and fracture toughness of bone cement by incorporation of aromatic structures to formulations. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Solís-Ruiz
- A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - G. M. Alonzo-Medina
- División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, México
| | - A. May-Pat
- A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - L. Dominguez-Cherit
- División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, México
| | - N. Acuña-Gonzalez
- División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, México
| | - J. M. Cervantes-Uc
- A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - J. Uribe-Calderon
- A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, México
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Yang J, Chen Z, Ye R, Li J, Lin Y, Gao J, Ren L, Liu B, Jiang L. Touch-actuated microneedle array patch for closed-loop transdermal drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1728-1739. [PMID: 30182757 PMCID: PMC6127806 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1507060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, only approximately 20 drugs synthesized with small molecules have been approved by the FDA for use in traditional transdermal patches (TTP) owing to the extremely low permeation rate of the skin barrier for macromolecular drugs. A novel touch-actuated microneedle array patch (TMAP) was developed for transdermal delivery of liquid macromolecular drugs. TMAP is a combination of a typical TTP and a solid microneedle array (MA). High doses of liquid drug formulations, especially heat-sensitive compounds can be easily filled and stored in the drug reservoir of TMAPs. TMAP can easily penetrate the skin and automatically retract from it to create microchannels through the stratum corneum (SC) layer using touch-actuated 'press and release' actions for passive permeation of liquid drugs. Comparison of subcutaneous injection, TTP, solid MA, and dissolvable MA, indicated that insulin-loaded TMAP exhibited the best hypoglycemic effect on type 1 diabetic rats. A 'closed-loop' permeation control was also provided for on-demand insulin delivery based on feedback of blood glucose levels (BGLs). Twenty IU-insulin-loaded TMAP maintained the type 1 diabetic rats in a normoglycemic state for approximately 11.63 h, the longest therapeutic duration among all previously reported results on microneedle-based transdermal patches. TMAP possesses excellent transdermal drug delivery capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yinyan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Wright ZM, Arnold AM, Holt BD, Eckhart KE, Sydlik SA. Functional Graphenic Materials, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene as Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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49
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In-vitro biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical strength of PMMA-PCL polymer containing fluorapatite and graphene oxide bone cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 82:257-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Graphene oxide: An efficient material and recent approach for biotechnological and biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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