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Pauziene N, Ranceviene D, Rysevaite-Kyguoliene K, Inokaitis H, Saburkina I, Plekhanova K, Sabeckiene D, Sabeckis I, Martinaityte R, Pilnikovaite E, Pauza DH. Comparative analysis of intracardiac neural structures in the aged rats with essential hypertension. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2313-2332. [PMID: 36342958 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Persistent arterial hypertension initiates cardiac autonomic imbalance and alters cardiac tissues. Previous studies have shown that neural component contributes to arterial hypertension etiology, maintenance, and progression and leads to brain damage, peripheral neuropathy, and remodeling of intrinsic cardiac neural plexus. Recently, significant structural changes of the intracardiac neural plexus were demonstrated in young prehypertensive and adult hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), yet structural alterations of intracardiac neural plexus that occur in the aged SHR remain undetermined. Thus, we analyzed the impact of uncontrolled arterial hypertension in old (48-52 weeks) SHR and the age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Intrinsic cardiac neural plexus was examined using a combination of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in cardiac sections and whole-mount preparations. Our findings demonstrate that structural changes of intrinsic cardiac neural plexus caused by arterial hypertension are heterogeneous and may support recent physiological implications about cardiac denervation occurring together with the hyperinnervation of the SHR heart. We conclude that arterial hypertension leads to (i) the decrease of the neuronal body area, the thickness of atrial nerves, the number of myelinated nerve fibers, unmyelinated axon area and cumulative axon area in the nerve, and the density of myocardial nerve fibers, and (ii) the increase in myelinated nerve fiber area and density of neuronal bodies within epicardiac ganglia. Despite neuropathic alterations of myelinated fibers were exposed within intracardiac nerves of both groups, SHR and WKY, we consider that the determined significant changes in structure of intrinsic cardiac neural plexus were predisposed by arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Inga Saburkina
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Ignas Sabeckis
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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2
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Inokaitis H, Pauziene N, Pauza DH. The distribution of sinoatrial nodal cells and their innervation in the pig. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2333-2344. [PMID: 35643929 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) has been the object of interest of various studies. In experimental neurocardiology, the real challenge is the choice of the most appropriate animal model. Pig is routinely used animal due to its size and physiological features. Despite this, the anatomy and innervation of the pig SAN are not completely examined. This study analyses the distribution of SAN cells and their innervation in whole-mount preparations and the cross-sections of the pig right atrium. Our findings revealed the differences in the distribution of the SAN cells and their innervation pattern between pigs and other animals. The pig SAN myocytes were distributed around the root of the anterior vena cava. A meshwork of nerve fibers (NFs) in this area was four-fold denser compared to other right atrial areas and contained the adrenergic (positive for TH), cholinergic (positive for ChAT), nitrergic (positive for nNOS), and potentially sensory (positive for SP) NFs. The SAN area contained 98 ± 10 ganglia that involved 21 ± 2 neuronal somata per ganglion. The determined chemical phenotypes of ganglionic cells demonstrate their diversity in the pig SAN area as there were identified neuronal somata positive for ChAT, nNOS, TH, and simultaneously for ChAT/nNOS and ChAT/TH. Small intensively fluorescent cells were also abundant. The broad distribution of SAN cells, the chemical diversity, and the high density of neural components in the SAN area are comparable to the human one and, therefore, the pig may be considered as the appropriate animal model for experimental cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermanas Inokaitis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Neringa Pauziene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dainius H Pauza
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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3
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Zhan YJ, Zhang SW, Zhu S, Jiang N. Tissue Clearing and Its Application in the Musculoskeletal System. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1739-1758. [PMID: 36687066 PMCID: PMC9850472 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is an integral part of the human body. Currently, most skeletal muscle research is conducted through conventional histological sections due to technological limitations and the structure of skeletal muscles. For studying and observing bones and muscles, there is an urgent need for three-dimensional, objective imaging technologies. Optical tissue-clearing technologies seem to offer a novel and accessible approach to research of the musculoskeletal system. Using this approach, the components which cause refraction or prevent light from penetrating into the tissue are physically and chemically eliminated; then the liquid in the tissue is replaced with high-refractive-index chemicals. This innovative method, which allows three-dimensional reconstruction at the cellular and subcellular scale, significantly improves imaging depth and resolution. Nonetheless, this technology was not originally developed to image bones or muscles. When compared with brain and nerve organs which have attracted considerable attention in this field, the musculoskeletal system contains fewer lipids and has high levels of hemoglobin, collagen fibers, and inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals. Currently, three-dimensional imaging methods are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal and muscular illnesses. In this regard, it is vitally important to review and evaluate the optical tissue-clearing technologies currently employed in the musculoskeletal system, so that researchers may make an informed decision. In the meantime, this study offers guidelines and recommendations for expanding the use of this technology in the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Zhan
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - SongSong Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Yang J, Chang S, Chen IA, Kura S, Rosen GA, Saltiel NA, Huber BR, Varadarajan D, Balbastre Y, Magnain C, Chen SC, Fischl B, McKee AC, Boas DA, Wang H. Volumetric Characterization of Microvasculature in Ex Vivo Human Brain Samples By Serial Sectioning Optical Coherence Tomography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:3645-3656. [PMID: 35560084 PMCID: PMC9888394 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3175072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serial sectioning optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables accurate volumetric reconstruction of several cubic centimeters of human brain samples. We aimed to identify anatomical features of the ex vivo human brain, such as intraparenchymal blood vessels and axonal fiber bundles, from the OCT data in 3D, using intrinsic optical contrast. METHODS We developed an automatic processing pipeline to enable characterization of the intraparenchymal microvascular network in human brain samples. RESULTS We demonstrated the automatic extraction of the vessels down to a 20 μm in diameter using a filtering strategy followed by a graphing representation and characterization of the geometrical properties of microvascular network in 3D. We also showed the ability to extend this processing strategy to extract axonal fiber bundles from the volumetric OCT image. CONCLUSION This method provides a viable tool for quantitative characterization of volumetric microvascular network as well as the axonal bundle properties in normal and pathological tissues of the ex vivo human brain.
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5
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Lu P, Wang P, Wu B, Wang Y, Liu Y, Cheng W, Feng X, Yuan X, Atteya MM, Ferro H, Sugi Y, Rydquist G, Esmaily M, Butcher JT, Chang CP, Lenz J, Zheng D, Zhou B. A SOX17-PDGFB signaling axis regulates aortic root development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4065. [PMID: 35831318 PMCID: PMC9279414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental etiologies causing complex congenital aortic root abnormalities are unknown. Here we show that deletion of Sox17 in aortic root endothelium in mice causes underdeveloped aortic root leading to a bicuspid aortic valve due to the absence of non-coronary leaflet and mispositioned left coronary ostium. The respective defects are associated with reduced proliferation of non-coronary leaflet mesenchyme and aortic root smooth muscle derived from the second heart field cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, SOX17 occupies a Pdgfb transcriptional enhancer to promote its transcription and Sox17 deletion inhibits the endothelial Pdgfb transcription and PDGFB growth signaling to the non-coronary leaflet mesenchyme. Restoration of PDGFB in aortic root endothelium rescues the non-coronary leaflet and left coronary ostium defects in Sox17 nulls. These data support a SOX17-PDGFB axis underlying aortic root development that is critical for aortic valve and coronary ostium patterning, thereby informing a potential shared disease mechanism for concurrent anomalous aortic valve and coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xuhui Feng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xinchun Yuan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Miriam M Atteya
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Haleigh Ferro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yukiko Sugi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Grant Rydquist
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mahdi Esmaily
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Ching-Pin Chang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jack Lenz
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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6
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Intrinsic cardiac neurons of the adult pigs: chemical types, abundance, parameters and distribution within ganglionated plexus. Ann Anat 2022; 243:151935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Engelbrecht L, Ollewagen T, de Swardt D. Advances in fluorescence microscopy can reveal important new aspects of tissue regeneration. Biochimie 2022; 196:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Ragauskas T, Rysevaite-Kyguoliene K, Pauziene N, Inokaitis H, Pauza DH. Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777). J Morphol 2021; 283:51-65. [PMID: 34727377 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiac neurons (ICNs) are crucial cells in the neural regulation of heart rhythm, myocardial contractility, and coronary blood flow. ICNs exhibit diversity in their morphology and neurotransmitters that probably are age-dependent. Therefore, neuroanatomical heart studies have been currently focused on the identification of chemical phenotypes of ICNs to disclose their possible functions in heart neural regulation. Employing whole-mount immunohistochemistry, we examined ICNs from atria of the newborn pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) as ICNs at this stage of development have never been neurochemically characterized so far. We found that the majority of the examined ICNs (>60%) were of cholinergic phenotype. Biphenotypic neuronal somata (NS), that is, simultaneously positive for two neuronal markers, were also rather common and distributed evenly within the sampled ganglia. Simultaneous positivity for cholinergic and adrenergic neuromarkers was specific in 16.4%, for cholinergic and nitrergic-in 3.5% of the examined NS. Purely either adrenergic or nitrergic ICNs were observed at 13% and 3.1%, correspondingly. Purely adrenergic and nitrergic NS were the most frequent in the ventral left atrial subplexus. Similarly to neuronal phenotype, sizes of NS also varied depending on the atrial region providing insights into their functional implications. Axons, but not NS, positive for classic sensory neuronal markers (vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide) were identified within epicardiac nerves and ganglia. Moreover, a substantial number of ICNs could not be attributed to any phenotype as they were not immunoreactive for antisera used in this study. Numerous dendrites with putative peptidergic and adrenergic contacts on cholinergic NS contributed to neuropil of ganglia. Our observations demonstrate that intrinsic cardiac ganglionated plexus is not fully developed in the newborn pig despite of dense network of neuronal processes and numerous signs of neural contacts within ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ragauskas
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Neringa Pauziene
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hermanas Inokaitis
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Haroldas Pauza
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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9
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Grainger N, Guarina L, Cudmore RH, Santana LF. The Organization of the Sinoatrial Node Microvasculature Varies Regionally to Match Local Myocyte Excitability. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab031. [PMID: 34250490 PMCID: PMC8259512 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac cycle starts when an action potential is produced by pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node. This cycle is repeated approximately 100 000 times in humans and 1 million times in mice per day, imposing a monumental metabolic demand on the heart, requiring efficient blood supply via the coronary vasculature to maintain cardiac function. Although the ventricular coronary circulation has been extensively studied, the relationship between vascularization and cellular pacemaking modalities in the sinoatrial node is poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the organization of the sinoatrial node microvasculature varies regionally, reflecting local myocyte firing properties. We show that vessel densities are higher in the superior versus inferior sinoatrial node. Accordingly, sinoatrial node myocytes are closer to vessels in the superior versus inferior regions. Superior and inferior sinoatrial node myocytes produce stochastic subthreshold voltage fluctuations and action potentials. However, the intrinsic action potential firing rate of sinoatrial node myocytes is higher in the superior versus inferior node. Our data support a model in which the microvascular densities vary regionally within the sinoatrial node to match the electrical and Ca2+ dynamics of nearby myocytes, effectively determining the dominant pacemaking site within the node. In this model, the high vascular density in the superior sinoatrial node places myocytes with metabolically demanding, high-frequency action potentials near vessels. The lower vascularization and electrical activity of inferior sinoatrial node myocytes could limit these cells to function to support sinoatrial node periodicity with sporadic voltage fluctuations via a stochastic resonance mechanism.
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10
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Yu T, Li D, Zhu D. Tissue Optical Clearing for Biomedical Imaging: From In Vitro to In Vivo. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 3233:217-255. [PMID: 34053030 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7627-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing technique provides a prospective solution for the application of advanced optical methods in life sciences. This chapter firstly gives a brief introduction to mechanisms of tissue optical clearing techniques, from the physical mechanism to chemical mechanism, which is the most important foundation to develop tissue optical clearing methods. During the past years, in vitro and in vivo tissue optical clearing methods were developed. In vitro tissue optical clearing techniques, including the solvent-based clearing methods and the hydrophilic reagents-based clearing methods, combined with labeling technique and advanced microscopy, can be applied to image 3D microstructure of tissue blocks or whole organs such as brain and spinal cord with high resolution. In vivo skin or skull optical clearing, promise various optical imaging techniques to detect cutaneous or cortical cell and vascular structure and function without surgical window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Pilot Study: Quantitative Photoacoustic Evaluation of Peripheral Vascular Dynamics Induced by Carfilzomib In Vivo. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030836. [PMID: 33513784 PMCID: PMC7865712 DOI: 10.3390/s21030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib is mainly used to treat multiple myeloma. Several side effects have been reported in patients treated with carfilzomib, especially those associated with cardiovascular events, such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease. However, the side effects, especially the manifestation of cardiovascular events through capillaries, have not been fully investigated. Here, we performed a pilot experiment to monitor peripheral vascular dynamics in a mouse ear under the effects of carfilzomib using a quantitative photoacoustic vascular evaluation method. Before and after injecting the carfilzomib, bortezomib, and PBS solutions, we acquired high-resolution three-dimensional PAM data of the peripheral vasculature of the mouse ear during each experiment for 10 h. Then, the PAM maximum amplitude projection (MAP) images and five quantitative vascular parameters, i.e., photoacoustic (PA) signal, diameter, density, length fraction, and fractal dimension, were estimated. Quantitative results showed that carfilzomib induces a strong effect on the peripheral vascular system through a significant increase in all vascular parameters up to 50%, especially during the first 30 min after injection. Meanwhile, bortezomib and PBS do not have much impact on the peripheral vascular system. This pilot study verified PAM as a comprehensive method to investigate peripheral vasculature, along with the effects of carfilzomib. Therefore, we expect that PAM may be useful to predict cardiovascular events caused by carfilzomib.
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12
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Kennel P, Dichamp J, Barreau C, Guissard C, Teyssedre L, Rouquette J, Colombelli J, Lorsignol A, Casteilla L, Plouraboué F. From whole-organ imaging to in-silico blood flow modeling: A new multi-scale network analysis for revisiting tissue functional anatomy. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007322. [PMID: 32059013 PMCID: PMC7062279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a multi-disciplinary image-based blood flow perfusion modeling of a whole organ vascular network for analyzing both its structural and functional properties. We show how the use of Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) permits whole-organ micro-vascular imaging, analysis and modelling. By using adapted image post-treatment workflow, we could segment, vectorize and reconstruct the entire micro-vascular network composed of 1.7 million vessels, from the tissue-scale, inside a ∼ 25 × 5 × 1 = 125mm3 volume of the mouse fat pad, hundreds of times larger than previous studies, down to the cellular scale at micron resolution, with the entire blood perfusion modeled. Adapted network analysis revealed the structural and functional organization of meso-scale tissue as strongly connected communities of vessels. These communities share a distinct heterogeneous core region and a more homogeneous peripheral region, consistently with known biological functions of fat tissue. Graph clustering analysis also revealed two distinct robust meso-scale typical sizes (from 10 to several hundred times the cellular size), revealing, for the first time, strongly connected functional vascular communities. These community networks support heterogeneous micro-environments. This work provides the proof of concept that in-silico all-tissue perfusion modeling can reveal new structural and functional exchanges between micro-regions in tissues, found from community clusters in the vascular graph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Kennel
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse (IMFT), Toulouse University, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jules Dichamp
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse (IMFT), Toulouse University, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Barreau
- CNRS 5273; UMR STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | | | - Julien Colombelli
- Advanced Digital Microscopy Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. C. Baldiri Reixac, 10. E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Lorsignol
- CNRS 5273; UMR STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- CNRS 5273; UMR STROMALab, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Franck Plouraboué
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse (IMFT), Toulouse University, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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13
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Jiao C, Adler K, Liu X, Sun W, Mullins RF, Sohn EH. Visualization of Mouse Choroidal and Retinal Vasculature Using Fluorescent Tomato Lectin Perfusion. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:1. [PMID: 32509436 PMCID: PMC7255627 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a reliable and simplified method to assess choroid and retinal vasculature on whole mount and cross sections in mice using tomato lectin (TL; Lycopersicon esculentum). Methods Albino mice (n = 27) received 1 mg/mL of TL (conjugated to Dylight-594) intravascularly through the tail vein, jugular vein, or cardiac left ventricle. Whole mounts of the retina and choroid were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. Perfusion with GSL-IB4 conjugated to Dylight-594 and fluorescein isothiocyanate was performed to compare against labeling with TL. Co-labeling of choroidal endothelial cells with perfused TL on cross-sections with antibodies directed against the choriocapillaris-restricted endothelial cell marker CA4 was performed. The percentage of perfused choroidal and retinal vessels was assessed semiquantitatively. One mouse was subjected to thermal laser damage before perfusion to cause retinal and choroidal vasculature ablation. Results Intravascular injection of TL led to consistent, robust labeling of retinal and choroidal vascular walls. On cross-sections, choriocapillaris was co-labeled with CA4 and TL. On flat mount, TL perfusion resulted in better labeling of choroidal vessels using tail/jugular vein injection compared with cardiac perfusion (P < .01). More consistent labeling of the choroidal and retinal vascular trees was observed with TL than with GSL-IB4. Vascular damage caused by laser ablation was detected readily using this method. Conclusions TL injection intravascularly can reliably label normal and ablated choroid and retinal vasculature in mouse in a quick, simple manner. Translational Relevance These data will help to facilitate modeling in rodents for diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, and other ischemic/angiogenic processes that can also be used for treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kelsey Adler
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Weize Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Elliott H Sohn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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14
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Zhang W, Qin Y, Xie X, Hu Z, Paulus YM, Yang X, Wang X. Real-time photoacoustic sensing for photo-mediated ultrasound therapy. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4063-4066. [PMID: 31415547 PMCID: PMC6907727 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) is a novel, noninvasive antimicrovascular approach that can treat neovascularization with high precision. We developed a photoacoustic (PA) sensing (PAS) system for PUT and achieved real-time PAS-guided PUT. Experiments performed on a chicken yolk sac membrane model demonstrated that PAS could monitor the treatment effect in a microvessel during PUT. Vessel shrinkage induced a decrease in the PA signal amplitude, while vessel rupture induced an abrupt increase in the PA signal amplitude. The integrated PUT and PAS system can significantly improve the safety and effectiveness of PUT, and may assist with clinical translation of this novel antimicrovascular technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zizhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Institute for Bioengineering Research and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Goldberg EJ, Schmidt CA, Green TD, Karnekar R, Yamaguchi DJ, Spangenberg EE, McClung JM. Temporal Association Between Ischemic Muscle Perfusion Recovery and the Restoration of Muscle Contractile Function After Hindlimb Ischemia. Front Physiol 2019; 10:804. [PMID: 31316393 PMCID: PMC6611152 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During incomplete skeletal muscle recovery from ischemia, such as that occurs with critical limb ischemia, the temporal relationship between recovery of muscle capillary perfusion and contractile function is poorly defined. We examined this relationship in BALB/cJ mice (N = 24) following unilateral hindlimb ischemia (HLI), which pre-clinically mimics the myopathy observed in critical limb ischemia patients. Specifically, we examined this relationship in two phenotypically distinct muscles (i.e., "oxidative" soleus - Sol and "glycolytic" extensor digitorum longus - EDL) 14- or 56-days after HLI. Although overall limb blood flow (LDPI) reached its' recovery peak (48% of control) by HLI d14, the capillary networks in both the Sol and EDL (whole mount confocal imaging) were disrupted and competent muscle capillary perfusion (perfused lectin+μm2/muscle μm2) remained reduced. Interestingly, both Sol and EDL muscles recovered their distinct capillary structures and perfusion (Con Sol; 0.056 ± 0.02 lectin+μm2/muscle μm2, and Con EDL; 0.039 ± 0.005 lectin+μm2/muscle μm2) by HLI d56 (Sol; 0.062 ± 0.011 lectin+μm2/muscle μm2 and EDL; 0.0035 ± 0.005 lectin+μm2/muscle μm2), despite no further improvement in limb blood flow (LDPI). Both muscles suffered severe myopathy, indicated by loss of dystrophin positive immunostaining and the absence of stimulation induced isometric force production at HLI d14. Dystrophin immunofluorescence returned at HLI d56, although neither myofiber CSA (μm2) nor isometric force production (58 and 28% sustained deficits, Sol and EDL, respectively) recovered completely in either muscle. In summary, we reveal that the temporal relationship between the restoration of muscle capillary perfusion and functional ischemic skeletal muscle regeneration favors competent muscle capillary perfusion recovery in BALB/c mice in a phenotypically non-distinct manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Goldberg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - T D Green
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - R Karnekar
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - D J Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Division of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - E E Spangenberg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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16
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Hassan AM, Wu X, Jarrett JW, Xu S, Yu J, Miller DR, Perillo EP, Liu YL, Chiu DT, Yeh HC, Dunn AK. Polymer dots enable deep in vivo multiphoton fluorescence imaging of microvasculature. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:584-599. [PMID: 30800501 PMCID: PMC6377892 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deep in vivo imaging of vasculature requires small, bright, and photostable fluorophores suitable for multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Although semiconducting polymer dots (pdots) are an emerging class of highly fluorescent contrast agents with favorable advantages for the next generation of in vivo imaging, their use for deep MPM has never before been demonstrated. Herein, we characterize the multiphoton properties of three pdot variants and perform deep in vivo MPM imaging of cortical rodent microvasculature. We find pdot brightness exceeds conventional fluorophores, including quantum dots, and their broad multiphoton absorption spectrum permits imaging at wavelengths better-suited for biological imaging and confers compatibility with a range of longer excitation wavelengths. This results in substantial improvements in signal-to-background ratio (>3.5-fold) and greater cortical imaging depths (z = 1,300 µm). Ultimately, pdots are a versatile tool for MPM due to their extraordinary brightness and broad absorption, enabling interrogation of deep structures in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeremy W Jarrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David R Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Evan P Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yen-Liang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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17
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Liu Y, Broberg MCG, Watanabe M, Rollins AM, Jenkins MW. SLIME: robust, high-speed 3D microvascular mapping. Sci Rep 2019; 9:893. [PMID: 30696870 PMCID: PMC6351571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) microvascular imaging of cubic millimeter to centimeter size volumes often requires much time and expensive instruments. By combining optical clearing with a novel scatter-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) contrast agent, we have greatly extended OCT imaging depth in excised tissues while maintaining a simple and low cost approach that does not require in-depth OCT knowledge. The new method enables fast 3D microvascular mapping in large tissue volumes, providing a promising tool for investigating organ level microvascular abnormalities in large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Meredith C G Broberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Division of Pediatric Critical Care, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Andrew M Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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18
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Helthuis JHG, van Doormaal TPC, Hillen B, Bleys RLAW, Harteveld AA, Hendrikse J, van der Toorn A, Brozici M, Zwanenburg JJM, van der Zwan A. Branching Pattern of the Cerebral Arterial Tree. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:1434-1446. [PMID: 30332725 PMCID: PMC6767475 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative data on branching patterns of the human cerebral arterial tree are lacking in the 1.0–0.1 mm radius range. We aimed to collect quantitative data in this range, and to study if the cerebral artery tree complies with the principle of minimal work (Law of Murray). To enable easy quantification of branching patterns a semi‐automatic method was employed to measure 1,294 bifurcations and 2,031 segments on 7 T‐MRI scans of two corrosion casts embedded in a gel. Additionally, to measure segments with a radius smaller than 0.1 mm, 9.4 T‐MRI was used on a small cast section to characterize 1,147 bifurcations and 1,150 segments. Besides MRI, traditional methods were employed. Seven hundred thirty‐three bifurcations were manually measured on a corrosion cast and 1,808 bifurcations and 1,799 segment lengths were manually measured on a fresh dissected cerebral arterial tree. Data showed a large variation in branching pattern parameters (asymmetry‐ratio, area‐ratio, length‐radius‐ratio, tapering). Part of the variation may be explained by the variation in measurement techniques, number of measurements and location of measurement in the vascular tree. This study confirms that the cerebral arterial tree complies with the principle of minimum work. These data are essential in the future development of more accurate mathematical blood flow models. Anat Rec, 302:1434–1446, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper H G Helthuis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Technology Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tristan P C van Doormaal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Technology Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Hillen
- Departent of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald L A W Bleys
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita A Harteveld
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana Brozici
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonology, Heilig Hart Ziekenhuis, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jaco J M Zwanenburg
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Zwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Technology Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Kennel P, Teyssedre L, Colombelli J, Plouraboué F. Toward quantitative three-dimensional microvascular networks segmentation with multiview light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-14. [PMID: 30120828 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.8.086002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) large-scale imaging of microvascular networks is of interest in various areas of biology and medicine related to structural, functional, developmental, and pathological issues. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) techniques are rapidly spreading and are now on the way to offer operational solutions for large-scale tissue imaging. This contribution describes how reliable vessel segmentation can be handled from LSFM data in very large tissue volumes using a suitable image analysis workflow. Since capillaries are tubular objects of a few microns scale radius, they represent challenging structures to reliably reconstruct without distortion and artifacts. We provide a systematic analysis of multiview deconvolution image processing workflow to control and evaluate the accuracy of the reconstructed vascular network using various low to high level, metrics. We show that even if low-level structural metrics are sensitive to isotropic imaging enhancement provided by a larger number of views, functional high-level metrics, including perfusion permeability, are less sensitive. Hence, combining deconvolution and registration onto a few number of views appears sufficient for a reliable quantitative 3-D vessel segmentation for their possible use for perfusion modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Kennel
- Toulouse University, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lise Teyssedre
- ITAV, USR 3505, National Center of Scientific Research, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Colombelli
- Institute of Science et Technology, Advanced Digital Microscopy Core Facility, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franck Plouraboué
- Toulouse University, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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20
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Aberration correction considering curved sample surface shape for non-contact two-photon excitation microscopy with spatial light modulator. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9252. [PMID: 29915203 PMCID: PMC6018692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, excitation light wavefront modulation is performed considering the curved sample surface shape to demonstrate high-quality deep observation using two-photon excitation microscopy (TPM) with a dry objective lens. A large spherical aberration typically occurs when the refractive index (RI) interface between air and the sample is a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. Moreover, the curved sample surface shape and the RI mismatch cause various aberrations, including spherical ones. Consequently, the fluorescence intensity and resolution of the obtained image are degraded in the deep regions. To improve them, we designed a pre-distortion wavefront for correcting the aberration caused by the curved sample surface shape by using a novel, simple optical path length difference calculation method. The excitation light wavefront is modulated to the pre-distortion wavefront by a spatial light modulator incorporated in the TPM system before passing through the interface, where the RI mismatch occurs. Thus, the excitation light is condensed without aberrations. Blood vessels were thereby observed up to an optical depth of 2,000 μm in a cleared mouse brain by using a dry objective lens.
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21
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Sdobnov AY, Darvin ME, Genina EA, Bashkatov AN, Lademann J, Tuchin VV. Recent progress in tissue optical clearing for spectroscopic application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 197:216-229. [PMID: 29433855 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to review recent progress in optical clearing of the skin and over naturally turbid biological tissues and blood using this technique in vivo and in vitro with multiphoton microscopy, confocal Raman microscopy, confocal microscopy, NIR spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and laser speckle contrast imaging. Basic principles of the technique, its safety, advantages and limitations are discussed. The application of optical clearing agent on a tissue allows for controlling the optical properties of tissue. Optical clearing-induced reduction of tissue scattering significantly facilitates the observation of deep-located tissue regions, at the same time improving the resolution and image contrast for a variety of optical imaging methods suitable for clinical applications, such as diagnostics and laser treatment of skin diseases, mucosal tumor imaging, laser disruption of pathological abnormalities, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Sdobnov
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland; Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University (National Research University of Russia), Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russian Federation.
| | - M E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - E A Genina
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University (National Research University of Russia), Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russian Federation; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University (National Research University of Russia), Lenin's av. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - A N Bashkatov
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University (National Research University of Russia), Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russian Federation; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University (National Research University of Russia), Lenin's av. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - J Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - V V Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University (National Research University of Russia), Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russian Federation; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University (National Research University of Russia), Lenin's av. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control RAS, Rabochaya 24, 410028 Saratov, Russian Federation
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22
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Mayrand D, Fradette J. High Definition Confocal Imaging Modalities for the Characterization of Tissue-Engineered Substitutes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1773:93-105. [PMID: 29687383 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7799-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optimal imaging methods are necessary in order to perform a detailed characterization of thick tissue samples from either native or engineered tissues. Tissue-engineered substitutes are featuring increasing complexity including multiple cell types and capillary-like networks. Therefore, technical approaches allowing the visualization of the inner structural organization and cellular composition of tissues are needed. This chapter describes an optical clearing technique which facilitates the detailed characterization of whole-mount samples from skin and adipose tissues (ex vivo tissues and in vitro tissue-engineered substitutes) when combined with spectral confocal microscopy and quantitative analysis on image renderings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mayrand
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- CMDGT/LOEX, Aile-R, Pavilion Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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23
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Zeller-Plumhoff B, Roose T, Clough GF, Schneider P. Image-based modelling of skeletal muscle oxygenation. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0992. [PMID: 28202595 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The supply of oxygen in sufficient quantity is vital for the correct functioning of all organs in the human body, in particular for skeletal muscle during exercise. Disease is often associated with both an inhibition of the microvascular supply capability and is thought to relate to changes in the structure of blood vessel networks. Different methods exist to investigate the influence of the microvascular structure on tissue oxygenation, varying over a range of application areas, i.e. biological in vivo and in vitro experiments, imaging and mathematical modelling. Ideally, all of these methods should be combined within the same framework in order to fully understand the processes involved. This review discusses the mathematical models of skeletal muscle oxygenation currently available that are based upon images taken of the muscle microvasculature in vivo and ex vivo Imaging systems suitable for capturing the blood vessel networks are discussed and respective contrasting methods presented. The review further informs the association between anatomical characteristics in health and disease. With this review we give the reader a tool to understand and establish the workflow of developing an image-based model of skeletal muscle oxygenation. Finally, we give an outlook for improvements needed for measurements and imaging techniques to adequately investigate the microvascular capability for oxygen exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zeller-Plumhoff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung, Geesthacht, Germany .,Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Roose
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G F Clough
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Schneider
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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24
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Shi R, Guo L, Zhang C, Feng W, Li P, Ding Z, Zhu D. A useful way to develop effective in vivo skin optical clearing agents. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:887-895. [PMID: 28009130 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin optical clearing has shown tremendous potential in improving various optical imaging performances, but there is some certain blindness in screening out high-efficiency in vivo optical clearing methods. In this work, three optical clearing agents: sucrose (Suc), fructose (Fruc) and PEG-400 (PEG), and two chemical penetration enhancers: propylene glycol (PG) and thiazone (Thiaz) were used. PEG was firstly mixed with the two penetration enhancers, respectively, and then mixed with Fruc and Suc, respectively, to obtain six kinds of skin optical clearing agents (SOCAs). Optical coherence tomography angiography was applied to monitor SOCAs-induced changes in imaging performances, skin optical properties, refractive index mismatching extent, and permeability rate. Experimental results demonstrated that PEG+Thiaz+Suc has the optimal capacity in enhancing the imaging performances, decreasing the scattering and the refractive index mismatching since Thiaz is superior to PG, and Suc is superior to Fruc. This study indicates that the optimal SOCA can be obtained directly by means of additionally adding or replacing the similar category substance in preexisting SOCAs with some more effective reagents. It not only provides an optimal SOCA, but also provides a useful way to develop more effective SOCAs. Cross-section skin structural texture (a), reconstructed blood flow distribution information (b), before or after treated with different SOCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZheJiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZheJiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Ding
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZheJiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P.R. China
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25
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Nehrhoff I, Ripoll J, Samaniego R, Desco M, Gómez-Gaviro MV. Looking inside the heart: a see-through view of the vascular tree. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3110-3118. [PMID: 28663930 PMCID: PMC5480453 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to acquire 3D images of the heart and its vasculature at cellular resolution facilitates a more detailed study of many heart diseases. Here, we describe a novel technique to image in 3D the heart vasculature by combining the CUBIC clearing protocol combined with in vivo administration of fluorescent-labeled lectin. The use of these techniques in combination with Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) made it possible to obtain high resolution 3D images of the cardiac vascular tree. This methodological approach may enhance the visualization of 3D images of the cardiac vasculature remodeling associated with coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Nehrhoff
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Samaniego
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Gómez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Montoro R, Dickie R. Comparison of tissue processing methods for microvascular visualization in axolotls. MethodsX 2017; 4:265-273. [PMID: 28913170 PMCID: PMC5587881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular system, the pipeline for oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues, is essential for vertebrate development, growth, injury repair, and regeneration. With their capacity to regenerate entire appendages throughout their lifespan, axolotls are an unparalleled model for vertebrate regeneration, but they lack many of the molecular tools that facilitate vascular imaging in other animal models. The determination of vascular metrics requires high quality image data for the discrimination of vessels from background tissue. Quantification of the vasculature using perfused, cleared specimens is well-established in mammalian systems, but has not been widely employed in amphibians. The objective of this study was to optimize tissue preparation methods for the visualization of the microvascular network in axolotls, providing a basis for the quantification of regenerative angiogenesis. To accomplish this aim, we performed intracardiac perfusion of pigment-based contrast agents and evaluated aqueous and non-aqueous clearing techniques. The methods were verified by comparing the quality of the vascular images and the observable vascular density across treatment groups. Simple and inexpensive, these tissue processing techniques will be of use in studies assessing vascular growth and remodeling within the context of regeneration. Advantages of this method include: Higher contrast of the vasculature within the 3D context of the surrounding tissue
Enhanced detection of microvasculature facilitating vascular quantification
Compatibility with other labeling techniques
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27
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Peeters G, Debbaut C, Laleman W, Monbaliu D, Vander Elst I, Detrez JR, Vandecasteele T, De Schryver T, Van Hoorebeke L, Favere K, Verbeke J, Segers P, Cornillie P, De Vos WH. A multilevel framework to reconstruct anatomical 3D models of the hepatic vasculature in rat livers. J Anat 2016; 230:471-483. [PMID: 27995631 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate (micro)vascular architecture of the liver has not yet been fully unravelled. Although current models are often idealized simplifications of the complex anatomical reality, correct morphological information is instrumental for scientific and clinical purposes. Previously, both vascular corrosion casting (VCC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have been separately used to study the hepatic vasculature. Nevertheless, these techniques still face a number of challenges such as dual casting in VCC and limited imaging depths for IHC. We have optimized both techniques and combined their complementary strengths to develop a framework for multilevel reconstruction of the hepatic circulation in the rat. The VCC and micro-CT scanning protocol was improved by enabling dual casting, optimizing the contrast agent concentration, and adjusting the viscosity of the resin (PU4ii). IHC was improved with an optimized clearing technique (CUBIC) that extended the imaging depth for confocal microscopy more than five-fold. Using in-house developed software (DeLiver), the vascular network - in both VCC and IHC datasets - was automatically segmented and/or morphologically analysed. Our methodological framework allows 3D reconstruction and quantification of the hepatic circulation, ranging from the major blood vessels down to the intertwined and interconnected sinusoids. We believe that the presented framework will have value beyond studies of the liver, and will facilitate a better understanding of various parenchymal organs in general, in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Peeters
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Laleman
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Vander Elst
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan R Detrez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Vandecasteele
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Schryver
- Center for X-Ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Center for X-Ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kasper Favere
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Verbeke
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Segers
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Cell Systems and Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Guo L, Shi R, Zhang C, Zhu D, Ding Z, Li P. Optical coherence tomography angiography offers comprehensive evaluation of skin optical clearing in vivo by quantifying optical properties and blood flow imaging simultaneously. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:081202. [PMID: 26950927 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing (TOC) is helpful for reducing scattering and enhancing the penetration depth of light, and shows promising potential in optimizing optical imaging performances. A mixture of fructose with PEG-400 and thiazone (FPT) is used as an optical clearing agent in mouse dorsal skin and evaluated with OCT angiography (Angio-OCT) by quantifying optical properties and blood flow imaging simultaneously. It is observed that FPT leads to an improved imaging performance for the deeper tissues. The imaging performance improvement is most likely caused by the FPT-induced dehydration of skin, and the reduction of scattering coefficient (more than ∼ 40.5%) and refractive-index mismatching (more than ∼ 25.3%) in the superficial (epidermal, dermal, and hypodermal) layers. A high correlation (up to ∼ 90%) between the relative changes in refractive-index mismatching and Angio-OCT signal strength is measured. The optical clearing rate is ∼ 5.83 × 10(-5) cm/s. In addition, Angio-OCT demonstrates enhanced performance in imaging cutaneous hemodynamics with satisfactory spatiotemporal resolution and contrast when combined with TOC, which exhibits a powerful practical application in studying microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Zhejiang University, College of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, ChinacHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedic
| | - Chao Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, ChinacHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedic
| | - Dan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, ChinacHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedic
| | - Zhihua Ding
- Zhejiang University, College of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Peng Li
- Zhejiang University, College of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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29
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Innervation of sinoatrial nodal cells in the rabbit. Ann Anat 2016; 205:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Tracing Mercox Injected at Acupuncture Points Under the Protocol of Partial Body Macerations in Mice. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2015; 8:314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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31
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Fouad Mansour M, Pelletier M, Boulet MM, Mayrand D, Brochu G, Lebel S, Poirier D, Fradette J, Cianflone K, Luu-The V, Tchernof A. Oxidative activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase on testosterone in male abdominal adipose tissues and cellular localization of 17β-HSD type 2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 414:168-76. [PMID: 26123590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone can be converted into androstenedione (4-dione) by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activity likely performed by 17β-HSD type 2. Our objective was to evaluate the rate of testosterone conversion to 4-dione as well as expression and localization of 17β-HSD type 2 in omental (OM) vs. subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissues of men. Formation of 4-dione from testosterone was significantly higher in homogenates (p ≤ 0.001) and explants (p ≤ 0.01) of OM than SC tissue. Microscopy analyses and biochemical assays in cell fractions localized the enzyme in the vasculature/endothelial cells of adipose tissues. Conversion of testosterone to 4-dione was weakly detected in most OM and/or SC preadipocyte cultures. Positive correlations were found between 17β-HSD type 2 activity in whole tissue and BMI or SC adipocyte diameter. We conclude that conversion of testosterone to 4-dione detected in abdominal adipose tissue is caused by 17β-HSD type 2 which is localized in the vasculature of the adipose compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fouad Mansour
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Michèle Boulet
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada; Quebec Cardiology and Pulmonology Institute, School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Mayrand
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval /LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Gaétan Brochu
- Department of General Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefane Lebel
- Quebec Cardiology and Pulmonology Institute, School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval /LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Quebec Cardiology and Pulmonology Institute, School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Van Luu-The
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Medical Center, Québec, Canada; Quebec Cardiology and Pulmonology Institute, School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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32
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Seidel T, Edelmann JC, Sachse FB. Analyzing Remodeling of Cardiac Tissue: A Comprehensive Approach Based on Confocal Microscopy and 3D Reconstructions. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1436-1448. [PMID: 26399990 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microstructural characterization of cardiac tissue and its remodeling in disease is a crucial step in many basic research projects. We present a comprehensive approach for three-dimensional characterization of cardiac tissue at the submicrometer scale. We developed a compression-free mounting method as well as labeling and imaging protocols that facilitate acquisition of three-dimensional image stacks with scanning confocal microscopy. We evaluated the approach with normal and infarcted ventricular tissue. We used the acquired image stacks for segmentation, quantitative analysis and visualization of important tissue components. In contrast to conventional mounting, compression-free mounting preserved cell shapes, capillary lumens and extracellular laminas. Furthermore, the new approach and imaging protocols resulted in high signal-to-noise ratios at depths up to 60 µm. This allowed extensive analyzes revealing major differences in volume fractions and distribution of cardiomyocytes, blood vessels, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and extracellular space in control vs. infarct border zone. Our results show that the developed approach yields comprehensive data on microstructure of cardiac tissue and its remodeling in disease. In contrast to other approaches, it allows quantitative assessment of all major tissue components. Furthermore, we suggest that the approach will provide important data for physiological models of cardiac tissue at the submicrometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seidel
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, 95 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5000, USA
| | - J-C Edelmann
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, 95 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5000, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, 95 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5000, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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33
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Pang Y, Tsigkou O, Spencer JA, Lin CP, Neville C, Grottkau B. Analyzing Structure and Function of Vascularization in Engineered Bone Tissue by Video-Rate Intravital Microscopy and 3D Image Processing. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:1025-31. [PMID: 25962617 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is a key challenge in tissue engineering. Three-dimensional structure and microcirculation are two fundamental parameters for evaluating vascularization. Microscopic techniques with cellular level resolution, fast continuous observation, and robust 3D postimage processing are essential for evaluation, but have not been applied previously because of technical difficulties. In this study, we report novel video-rate confocal microscopy and 3D postimage processing techniques to accomplish this goal. In an immune-deficient mouse model, vascularized bone tissue was successfully engineered using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffold. Video-rate (30 FPS) intravital confocal microscopy was applied in vitro and in vivo to visualize the vascular structure in the engineered bone and the microcirculation of the blood cells. Postimage processing was applied to perform 3D image reconstruction, by analyzing microvascular networks and calculating blood cell viscosity. The 3D volume reconstructed images show that the hMSCs served as pericytes stabilizing the microvascular network formed by HUVECs. Using orthogonal imaging reconstruction and transparency adjustment, both the vessel structure and blood cells within the vessel lumen were visualized. Network length, network intersections, and intersection densities were successfully computed using our custom-developed software. Viscosity analysis of the blood cells provided functional evaluation of the microcirculation. These results show that by 8 weeks, the blood vessels in peripheral areas function quite similarly to the host vessels. However, the viscosity drops about fourfold where it is only 0.8 mm away from the host. In summary, we developed novel techniques combining intravital microscopy and 3D image processing to analyze the vascularization in engineered bone. These techniques have broad applicability for evaluating vascularization in other engineered tissues as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Pang
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga Tsigkou
- 2 School of Materials, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joel A Spencer
- 3 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles P Lin
- 3 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig Neville
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Grottkau
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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34
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Matsumoto N, Inoue T, Matsumoto A, Okazaki S. Correction of depth-induced spherical aberration for deep observation using two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy with spatial light modulator. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2575-2587. [PMID: 26203383 PMCID: PMC4505711 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate fluorescence imaging with high fluorescence intensity and depth resolution in which depth-induced spherical aberration (SA) caused by refractive-index mismatch between the medium and biological sample is corrected. To reduce the impact of SA, we incorporate a spatial light modulator into a two-photon excitation fluorescence microscope. Consequently, when fluorescent beads in epoxy resin were observed with this method of SA correction, the fluorescence signal of the observed images was ∼27 times higher and extension in the direction of the optical axes was ∼6.5 times shorter at a depth of ∼890 μm. Thus, the proposed method increases the depth observable at high resolution. Further, our results show that the method improved the fluorescence intensity of images of the fluorescent beads and the structure of a biological sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Matsumoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu-City, Shizuoka-Pref., 434-8601,
Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu-City, Shizuoka-Pref., 434-8601,
Japan
| | - Akiyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-City, Aichi-Pref., 466-8550,
Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Applied Medical Photonics
Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of
Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-City, Shizuoka-Pref.,
431-3192, Japan
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35
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Aubin K, Vincent C, Proulx M, Mayrand D, Fradette J. Creating capillary networks within human engineered tissues: impact of adipocytes and their secretory products. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:333-45. [PMID: 25278444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of tissue-engineered substitutes of substantial volume is closely associated with the need to ensure rapid vascularization upon grafting. Strategies promoting angiogenesis include the in vitro formation of capillary-like networks within engineered substitutes. We generated both connective and adipose tissues based on a cell sheet technology using human adipose-derived stromal cells. This study evaluates the morphology and extent of the capillary networks that developed upon seeding of human microvascular endothelial cells during tissue production. We posited that adipocyte presence/secretory products could modulate the resulting capillary network when compared to connective substitutes. Analyses including confocal imaging of CD31-labeled capillary-like networks indicated slight differences in their morphological appearance. However, the total volume occupied by the networks as well as the frequency distribution of the structure's volumes were similar between connective and adipose tissues. The average diameter of the capillary structures tended to be 20% higher in reconstructed adipose tissues. Quantification of pro-angiogenic molecules in conditioned media showed greater amounts of leptin (15×), angiopoietin-1 (3.4×) and HGF (1.7×) secreted from adipose than connective tissues at the time of endothelial cell seeding. However, this difference was attenuated during the following coculture period in endothelial cell-containing media, correlating with the minor differences noted between the networks. Taken together, we developed a protocol allowing reconstruction of both connective and adipose tissues featuring well-developed capillary networks in vitro. We performed a detailed characterization of the network architecture within engineered tissues that is relevant for graft assessment before implantation as well as for in vitro screening of angiogenic modulators using three-dimensional models.
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36
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Pauza DH, Rysevaite K, Inokaitis H, Jokubauskas M, Pauza AG, Brack KE, Pauziene N. Innervation of sinoatrial nodal cardiomyocytes in mouse. A combined approach using immunofluorescent and electron microscopy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:188-97. [PMID: 25101952 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent immunohistochemistry on the cardiac conduction system in whole mount mouse heart preparations demonstrates a particularly dense and complex network of nerve fibres and cardiomyocytes which are positive to the hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4 (HCN4-positive cardiomyocytes) in the sinoatrial node region and adjacent areas around the root of right cranial vein. The present study was designed to investigate the morphologic and histochemical pattern of nerve fibres and HCN4-positive cardiomyocytes using fluorescent techniques and/or electron microscopy. Adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres together with HCN4-positive cardiomyocytes were identified using primary antibodies for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and the HCN4 channel respectively. Amid HCN4-positive cardiomyocytes, fluorescence and electron microscopy data demonstrated a dense distribution of nerve fibres immunoreactive for ChAT and TH. In addition, novel electron microscopy data revealed that the mouse sinoatrial node contained exclusively unmyelinated nerve fibres, in which the majority of axons possess varicosities with clear mediatory vesicles that can be classified as cholinergic. Synapses occurred without any clear terminal connection with the effector cell, i.e. these synapes were of "en passant" type. In general, the morphologic pattern of innervation of mouse HCN4-positive cardiomyocytes identified using electron microscopy corresponds well to the dense network of nerve fibres demonstrated by fluorescent immunohistochemistry in mouse sinoatrial node and adjacent areas. The complex and extraordinarily dense innervation of HCN4-positive cardiomyocytes in mouse sinoatrial node underpins the importance of neural regulation for the cardiac conduction system. Based on the present observations, it is concluded that the occurrence of numerous nerve fibres nearby atrial cardiomyocytes serves as a novel reliable extracellular criterion for discrimination of SA nodal cardiomyocytes using electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainius H Pauza
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kristina Rysevaite
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hermanas Inokaitis
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Jokubauskas
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrys G Pauza
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kieran E Brack
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Neringa Pauziene
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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37
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Browning E, Wang H, Hong N, Yu K, Buerk DG, DeBolt K, Gonder D, Sorokina EM, Patel P, De Leon DD, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB, Chatterjee S. Mechanotransduction drives post ischemic revascularization through K(ATP) channel closure and production of reactive oxygen species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:872-86. [PMID: 23758611 PMCID: PMC3924794 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We reported earlier that ischemia results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the closure of a K(ATP) channel which causes membrane depolarization and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation. This study was undertaken to understand the role of ischemia-mediated ROS in signaling. RESULTS Angiogenic potential of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) was studied in vitro and in the hind limb in vivo. Flow adapted PMVEC injected into a Matrigel matrix showed significantly higher tube formation than cells grown under static conditions or cells from mice with knockout of K(ATP) channels or the NOX2. Blocking of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) accumulation completely abrogated the tube formation in wild-type (WT) PMVEC. With ischemia in vivo (femoral artery ligation), revascularization was high in WT mice and was significantly decreased in mice with knockout of K(ATP) channel and in mice orally fed with a K(ATP) channel agonist. In transgenic mice with endothelial-specific NOX2 expression, the revascularization observed was intermediate between that of WT and knockout of K(ATP) channel or NOX2. Increased HIF-1α activation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was observed in ischemic tissue of WT mice but not in K(ATP) channel and NOX2 null mice. Revascularization could be partially rescued in K(ATP) channel null mice by delivering VEGF into the hind limb. INNOVATION This is the first report of a mechanosensitive ion channel (K(ATP) channel) initiating endothelial signaling that drives revascularization. CONCLUSION The K(ATP) channel responds to the stop of flow and activates signals for revascularization to restore the impeded blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Browning
- 1 Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhu D, Larin KV, Luo Q, Tuchin VV. Recent progress in tissue optical clearing. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2013; 7:732-757. [PMID: 24348874 PMCID: PMC3856422 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing technique provides a prospective solution for the application of advanced optical methods in life sciences. This paper gives a review of recent developments in tissue optical clearing techniques. The physical, molecular and physiological mechanisms of tissue optical clearing are overviewed and discussed. Various methods for enhancing penetration of optical-clearing agents into tissue, such as physical methods, chemical-penetration enhancers and combination of physical and chemical methods are introduced. Combining the tissue optical clearing technique with advanced microscopy image or labeling technique, applications for 3D microstructure of whole tissues such as brain and central nervous system with unprecedented resolution are demonstrated. Moreover, the difference in diffusion and/or clearing ability of selected agents in healthy versus pathological tissues can provide a highly sensitive indicator of the tissue health/pathology condition. Finally, recent advances in optical clearing of soft or hard tissue for in vivo imaging and phototherapy are introduced. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, USA and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, USA
- Department of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State UniversitySaratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Department of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State UniversitySaratov, 410012, Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control RASSaratov, 410028, Russia
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, University of Oulu, FIN-90014Oulu, Finland
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Yap WT, Salvay DM, Silliman MA, Zhang X, Bannon ZG, Kaufman DB, Lowe WL, Shea LD. Collagen IV-modified scaffolds improve islet survival and function and reduce time to euglycemia. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2361-72. [PMID: 23713524 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation on extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-modified biodegradable microporous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds is a potential curative treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Collagen IV-modified scaffolds, relative to control scaffolds, significantly decreased the time required to restore euglycemia from 17 to 3 days. We investigated the processes by which collagen IV-modified scaffolds enhanced islet function and mediated early restoration of euglycemia post-transplantation. We characterized the effect of collagen IV-modified scaffolds on islet survival, metabolism, and insulin secretion in vitro and early- and intermediate-term islet mass and vascular density post-transplantation and correlated these with early restoration of euglycemia in a syngeneic mouse model. Control scaffolds maintained native islet morphologies and architectures as well as collagen IV-modified scaffolds in vivo. The islet size and vascular density increased, while β-cell proliferation decreased from day 16 to 113 post-transplantation. Collagen IV-modified scaffolds promoted islet cell viability and decreased early-stage apoptosis in islet cells in vitro-phenomena that coincided with enhanced islet metabolic function and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These findings suggest that collagen IV-modified scaffolds promote the early restoration of euglycemia post-transplantation by enhancing islet metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These studies of ECM proteins, in particular collagen IV, and islet function provide key insights for the engineering of a microenvironment that would serve as a platform for enhancing islet transplantation as a viable clinical therapy for T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Teck Yap
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
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Pauza DH, Saburkina I, Rysevaite K, Inokaitis H, Jokubauskas M, Jalife J, Pauziene N. Neuroanatomy of the murine cardiac conduction system: a combined stereomicroscopic and fluorescence immunohistochemical study. Auton Neurosci 2013; 176:32-47. [PMID: 23403121 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The mouse heart is a popular model to study the function and autonomic control of the specialized cardiac conduction system (CCS). However, the precise identity and anatomical distribution of the intrinsic cardiac nerves that modulate the function of the mouse CCS have not been adequately studied. We aimed at determining the organization and distribution of the intrinsic cardiac nerves that supply the CCS of the mouse. In whole mouse heart preparations, intrinsic neural structures were revealed by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Adrenergic, cholinergic and peptidergic neural components were identified, respectively, by immunohistochemical labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). Myocytes of the CCS were identified by immunolabeling of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4 (HCN4). In addition, the presence of CCS myocytes in atypical locations was verified using fluorescent immunohistochemistry performed on routine paraffin sections. The results demonstrate that four microscopic epicardial nerves orientated toward the sinuatrial nodal (SAN) region derive from both the dorsal right atrial and right ventral nerve subplexuses. The atrioventricular nodal (AVN) region is typically supplied by a single intrinsic nerve derived from the left dorsal nerve subplexus at the posterior interatrial groove. SAN myocytes positive for HCN4 were widely distributed both on the medial, anterior, lateral and even posterior sides of the root of the right cranial (superior caval) vein. The distribution of HCN4-positive myocytes in the AVN region was also wider than previously considered. HCN4-positive cells and thin slivers of the AVN extended to the roots of the ascending aorta, posteriorly to the orifice of the coronary sinus, and even along both atrioventricular rings. Notwithstanding the fact that cholinergic nerve fibers and axons clearly predominate in the mouse CCS, adrenergic nerve fibers and axons are abundant therein as well. Altogether, these results provide new insight into the anatomical basis of the neural control of the mouse CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainius H Pauza
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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41
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Senarathna J, Rege A, Li N, Thakor NV. Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging: theory, instrumentation and applications. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 6:99-110. [PMID: 23372086 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2013.2243140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a wide field of view, non scanning optical technique for observing blood flow. Speckles are produced when coherent light scattered back from biological tissue is diffracted through the limiting aperture of focusing optics. Mobile scatterers cause the speckle pattern to blur; a model can be constructed by inversely relating the degree of blur, termed speckle contrast to the scatterer speed. In tissue, red blood cells are the main source of moving scatterers. Therefore, blood flow acts as a virtual contrast agent, outlining blood vessels. The spatial resolution (~10 μm) and temporal resolution (10 ms to 10 s) of LSCI can be tailored to the application. Restricted by the penetration depth of light, LSCI can only visualize superficial blood flow. Additionally, due to its non scanning nature, LSCI is unable to provide depth resolved images. The simple setup and non-dependence on exogenous contrast agents have made LSCI a popular tool for studying vascular structure and blood flow dynamics. We discuss the theory and practice of LSCI and critically analyze its merit in major areas of application such as retinal imaging, imaging of skin perfusion as well as imaging of neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaka Senarathna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Nagao RJ, Ouyang Y, Keller R, Lee C, Suggs LJ, Schmidt CE. Preservation of Capillary-beds in Rat Lung Tissue Using Optimized Chemical Decellularization. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4801-4808. [PMID: 25558373 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Promoting regeneration using scaffolds created by decellularizing native tissue is becoming a popular technique applied to a variety of tissues. We demonstrate a method to decellularize highly vascular tissue keeping the vascular structure intact down to the capillary scale. Using vascular corrosion casting (VCC), we created a method for quantitatively assessing the functionality of vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) following decellularization. Murine lung tissue was decellularized using a number of techniques, then characterized using standard histological methods, as well as our quantitative VCC (qVCC) technique. Using an optimized acellular method, we successfully decellularized lung tissue while leaving behind a patent vascular network based on qualitative and quantitative histological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Nagao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Yafei Ouyang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Renee Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Curtis Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Laura J Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas, TX 78712, United States of America ; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
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Jährling N, Becker K, Dodt HU. 3D-reconstruction of blood vessels by ultramicroscopy. Organogenesis 2012; 5:227-30. [PMID: 20539742 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.4.10403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As recently shown, ultramicroscopy (UM) allows 3D-visualization of even large microscopic structures with microm resolution. Thus, it can be applied to anatomical studies of numerous biological and medical specimens. We reconstructed the three-dimensional architecture of tomato-lectin (Lycopersicon esculentum) stained vascular networks by UM in whole mouse organs. The topology of filigree branches of the microvasculature was visualized. Since tumors require an extensive growth of blood vessels to survive, this novel approach may open up new vistas in neurobiology and histology, particularly in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jährling
- Vienna University of Technology; Institute of Solid State Electronics; Dept. of Bioelectronics; Vienna, Austria; Center for Brain Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; University Oldenburg; Dept. of Neurobiology; Oldenburg, Germany
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44
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Kociński M, Klepaczko A, Materka A, Chekenya M, Lundervold A. 3D image texture analysis of simulated and real-world vascular trees. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 107:140-154. [PMID: 21803438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed for quantitative description of blood-vessel trees, which can be used for tree classification and/or physical parameters indirect monitoring. The method is based on texture analysis of 3D images of the trees. Several types of trees were defined, with distinct tree parameters (number of terminal branches, blood viscosity, input and output flow). A number of trees were computer-simulated for each type. 3D image was computed for each tree and its texture features were calculated. Best discriminating features were found and applied to 1-NN nearest neighbor classifier. It was demonstrated that (i) tree images can be correctly classified for realistic signal-to-noise ratio, (ii) some texture features are monotonously related to tree parameters, (iii) 2D texture analysis is not sufficient to represent the trees in the discussed sense. Moreover, applicability of texture model to quantitative description of vascularity images was also supported by unsupervised exploratory analysis. Eventually, the experimental confirmation was done, with the use of confocal microscopy images of rat brain vasculature. Several classes of brain tissue were clearly distinguished based on 3D texture numerical parameters, including control and different kinds of tumours - treated with NG2 proteoglycan to promote angiogenesis-dependent growth of the abnormal tissue. The method, applied to magnetic resonance imaging e.g. real neovasculature or retinal images can be used to support noninvasive medical diagnosis of vascular system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kociński
- Institute of Electronics, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Murugesan N, Demarest TG, Madri JA, Pachter JS. Brain regional angiogenic potential at the neurovascular unit during normal aging. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1004.e1-16. [PMID: 22019053 PMCID: PMC3266473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given strong regional specialization of the brain, cerebral angiogenesis may be regionally modified during normal aging. To test this hypothesis, expression of a broad cadre of angiogenesis-associated genes was assayed at the neurovascular unit (NVU) in discrete brain regions of young versus aged mice by laser capture microdissection coupled to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Complementary quantitative capillary density/branching studies were performed as well. Effects of physical exercise were also assayed to determine if age-related trends could be reversed. Additionally, gene response to hypoxia was probed to highlight age-associated weaknesses in adapting to this angiogenic stress. Aging impacted resting expression of angiogenesis-associated genes at the NVU in a region-dependent manner. Physical exercise reversed some of these age-associated gene trends, as well as positively influenced cerebral capillary density/branching in a region-dependent way. Lastly, hypoxia revealed a weaker angiogenic response in aged brain. These results suggest heterogeneous changes in angiogenic capacity of the brain during normal aging, and imply a therapeutic benefit of physical exercise that acts at the level of the NVU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha Murugesan
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington CT 06030
| | - Tyler G. Demarest
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington CT 06030
| | - Joseph A. Madri
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., LH115, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Joel S. Pachter
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington CT 06030
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Histochemical analyses and quantum dot imaging of microvascular blood flow with pulmonary edema in living mouse lungs by "in vivo cryotechnique". Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 137:137-51. [PMID: 22124864 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Light microscopic imaging of blood vessels and distribution of serum proteins is essential to analyze hemodynamics in living animal lungs under normal respiration or respiratory diseases. In this study, to demonstrate dynamically changing morphology and immunohistochemical images of their living states, "in vivo cryotechnique" (IVCT) combined with freeze-substitution fixation was applied to anesthetized mouse lungs. By hematoxylin-eosin staining, morphological features, such as shapes of alveolar septum and sizes of alveolar lumen, reflected their respiratory conditions in vivo, and alveolar capillaries were filled with variously shaped erythrocytes. Albumin was usually immunolocalized in the capillaries, which was confirmed by double-immunostaining for aquaporin-1 of endothelium. To capture accurate time-courses of blood flow in peripheral pulmonary alveoli, glutathione-coated quantum dots (QDs) were injected into right ventricles, and then IVCT was performed at different time-points after the QD injection. QDs were localized in most arterioles and some alveolar capillaries at 1 s, and later in venules at 2 s, reflecting a typical blood flow direction in vivo. Three-dimensional QD images of microvascular networks were reconstructed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was also applied to lungs of acute pulmonary hypertension mouse model. Erythrocytes were crammed in blood vessels, and some serum components leaked into alveolar lumens, as confirmed by mouse albumin immunostaining. Some separated collagen fibers and connecting elastic fibers were still detected in edematous tunica adventitia near terminal bronchioles. Thus, IVCT combined with histochemical approaches enabled us to capture native images of dynamically changing structures and microvascular hemodynamics of living mouse lungs.
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Clendenon SG, Young PA, Ferkowicz M, Phillips C, Dunn KW. Deep tissue fluorescent imaging in scattering specimens using confocal microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2011; 17:614-617. [PMID: 21729357 PMCID: PMC4428593 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In scattering specimens, multiphoton excitation and nondescanned detection improve imaging depth by a factor of 2 or more over confocal microscopy; however, imaging depth is still limited by scattering. We applied the concept of clearing to deep tissue imaging of highly scattering specimens. Clearing is a remarkably effective approach to improving image quality at depth using either confocal or multiphoton microscopy. Tissue clearing appears to eliminate the need for multiphoton excitation for deep tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry G Clendenon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Jia Y, Qin J, Zhi Z, Wang RK. Ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography reveals depth-resolved microcirculation and its longitudinal response to prolonged ischemic event within skeletal muscles in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:086004. [PMID: 21895316 PMCID: PMC3162619 DOI: 10.1117/1.3606565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The primary pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease is associated with impaired perfusion to the muscle tissue in the lower extremities. The lack of effective pharmacologic treatments that stimulate vessel collateralization emphasizes the need for an imaging method that can be used to dynamically visualize depth-resolved microcirculation within muscle tissues. Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a recently developed label-free imaging method capable of producing three-dimensional images of dynamic blood perfusion within microcirculatory tissue beds at an imaging depth of up to ∼2 mm, with an unprecedented imaging sensitivity of blood flow at ∼4 μm∕s. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of OMAG in imaging the detailed blood flow distributions, at a capillary-level resolution, within skeletal muscles of mice. By use of the mouse model of hind-limb ischemia, we show that OMAG can assess the time-dependent changes in muscle perfusion and perfusion restoration along tissue depth. These findings indicate that OMAG can represent a sensitive, consistent technique to effectively study pharmacologic therapies aimed at promoting the growth and development of collateral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jia
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Abstract
In this article, we discuss the optical immersion method based on refractive index matching of scatterers (e.g., collagen, elastin fibers, cells and cell compartments) and the ground material (interstitial fluid and/or cytoplasm) of tissue and blood under the action of exogenous optical clearing agents. We analyze the optical clearing of fibrous and cell-structured tissues and blood from the point of view of receiving more valuable, normally hidden, information from spectroscopic and polarization measurements, confocal microscopy, optical coherence and optical projection tomography, as well as from nonlinear spectroscopies, such as two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation techniques. Some important applications of the immersion technique to glucose sensing, drug delivery monitoring, improvements of image contrast and imaging depth, nondistortive delivery of laser radiation and precision tissue laser photodisruption, among others, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A Genina
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Rysevaite K, Saburkina I, Pauziene N, Noujaim SF, Jalife J, Pauza DH. Morphologic pattern of the intrinsic ganglionated nerve plexus in mouse heart. Heart Rhythm 2010; 8:448-54. [PMID: 21075216 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both normal and genetically modified mice are excellent models for investigating molecular mechanisms of arrhythmogenic cardiac diseases that may be associated with an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous input to the heart. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the structural organization of the mouse cardiac neural plexus, (2) identify extrinsic neural sources and their relationship with the cardiac plexus, and (3) reveal any anatomic differences in the cardiac plexus between mouse and other species. METHODS Cardiac nerve structures were visualized using histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on whole heart and thorax-dissected preparations derived from 25 mice. To confirm the reliability of staining parasympathetic and sympathetic neural components in the mouse heart, we applied a histochemical method for AChE and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and/or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) on whole mounts preparations from six mice. RESULTS Double immunohistochemical labeling of TH and ChAT on AChE-positive neural elements in mouse whole mounts demonstrated equal staining of nerves and ganglia for AChE that were positive for both TH and ChAT. The extrinsic cardiac nerves access the mouse heart at the right and left cranial veins and interblend within the ganglionated nerve plexus of the heart hilum that is persistently localized on the heart base. Nerves and bundles of nerve fibers extend epicardially from this plexus to atria and ventricles by left dorsal, dorsal right atrial, right ventral, and ventral left atrial routes or subplexuses. The right cranial vein receives extrinsic nerves that mainly originate from the right cervicothoracic ganglion and a branch of the right vagus nerve, whereas the left cranial vein is supplied by extrinsic nerves from the left cervicothoracic ganglion and the left vagus nerve. The majority of intrinsic cardiac ganglia are localized on the heart base at the roots of the pulmonary veins. These ganglia are interlinked by interganglionic nerves into the above mentioned nerve plexus of the heart hilum. In general, the examined hearts contained 19 ± 3 ganglia, giving a cumulative ganglion area of 0.4 ± 0.1 mm(2). CONCLUSION Despite substantial anatomic differences in ganglion number and distribution, the structural organization of the intrinsic ganglionated plexus in the mouse heart corresponds in general to that of other mammalian species, including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rysevaite
- Institute of Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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