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Fujii C, Zorumski CF, Izumi Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, neuroinflammation, and sigma 1 receptors as contributors to depression and its treatment. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2202-2211. [PMID: 38488553 PMCID: PMC11034583 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiological factors contributing to depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders are largely undefined. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and autophagy are well-defined mechanisms that play critical functions in recognizing and resolving cellular stress and are possible targets for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. An increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the control of neuroinflammation, a contributing factor to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Initial inflammatory triggers induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroinflammatory responses. Subsequently, induction of autophagy by neurosteroids and other signaling pathways that converge on autophagy induction are thought to participate in resolving neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Studies focused on innate immune factors, including neurosteroids with anti-inflammatory roles will be reviewed. In the context of depression, animal models that led to our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying depression will be highlighted, including the roles of sigma 1 receptors and pharmacological agents that dampen endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F. Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Izumi Y, O’Dell KA, Cashikar AG, Paul SM, Covey DF, Mennerick SJ, Zorumski CF. Neurosteroids mediate and modulate the effects of pro-inflammatory stimulation and toll-like receptors on hippocampal plasticity and learning. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304481. [PMID: 38875235 PMCID: PMC11178232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory changes contribute to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Understanding how these changes are involved in illnesses and identifying strategies to alter inflammatory responses offer paths to potentially novel treatments. We previously found that acute pro-inflammatory stimulation with high (μg/ml) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 10-15 min dampens long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus and impairs learning. Effects of LPS involved non-canonical inflammasome signaling but were independent of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a known LPS receptor. Low (ng/ml) LPS also inhibits LTP when administered for 2-4 h, and here we report that this LPS exposure requires TLR4. We also found that effects of low LPS on LTP involve the oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, akin to high LPS. Effects of high LPS on LTP are blocked by inhibiting synthesis of 5α-reduced neurosteroids, indicating that neurosteroids mediate LTP inhibition. 5α-Neurosteroids also have anti-inflammatory effects, and we found that exogenous allopregnanolone (AlloP), a key 5α-reduced steroid, prevented effects of low but not high LPS on LTP. We also found that activation of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR7 inhibited LTP and that AlloP prevented the effects of TLR2 and TLR7, but not TLR3. The enantiomer of AlloP, a steroid that has anti-inflammatory actions but low activity at GABAA receptors, prevented LTP inhibition by TLR2, TLR3 and TLR7. In vivo, both AlloP enantiomers prevented LPS-induced learning defects. These studies indicate that neurosteroids play complex roles in network effects of acute neuroinflammation and have potential importance for development of AlloP analogues as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Kazuko A. O’Dell
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Anil G. Cashikar
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Paul
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Douglas F. Covey
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Developmental Biology and Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Mennerick
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Charles F. Zorumski
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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Bean L, Bose PK, Rani A, Kumar A. Serine racemase expression profile in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal subregions during aging in male and female rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8402-8416. [PMID: 38761177 PMCID: PMC11164512 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, which is critical for maintaining synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Activation of the NMDA receptor requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate and also the presence of co-agonist D-serine at the glycine site. The enzymatic conversion of L-serine to D-serine is facilitated by the enzyme serine racemase (SR). Subsequently, SR plays a pivotal role in regulating NMDA receptor activity, thereby impacting synaptic plasticity and memory processes in the central nervous system. As such, age-related changes in the expression of SR could contribute to decreased NMDA receptor function. However, age-associated changes in SR expression levels in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (mPFC, lPFC), and in the dorsal hippocampal subfields, CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG), have not been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, the current studies were designed to determine the SR expression profile, including protein levels and mRNA, for these regions in aged and young male and female Fischer-344 rats. Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in SR expression levels in the mPFC and all hippocampal subfields of aged rats compared to young rats. No sex differences were observed in the expression of SR. These findings suggest that the decrease in SR levels may play a role in the age-associated reduction of NMDA receptor function in brain regions crucial for cognitive function and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bean
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46201, USA
| | - Prodip K. Bose
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurology at the College of Medicine, University of Florida, FL 32607, USA
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
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Brown KA, Gould TD. Targeting metaplasticity mechanisms to promote sustained antidepressant actions. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1114-1127. [PMID: 38177353 PMCID: PMC11176041 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The discovery that subanesthetic doses of (R, S)-ketamine (ketamine) and (S)-ketamine (esketamine) rapidly induce antidepressant effects and promote sustained actions following drug clearance in depressed patients who are treatment-resistant to other therapies has resulted in a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of how rapidly and effectively depression can be treated. Consequently, the mechanism(s) that next generation antidepressants may engage to improve pathophysiology and resultant symptomology are being reconceptualized. Impaired excitatory glutamatergic synapses in mood-regulating circuits are likely a substantial contributor to the pathophysiology of depression. Metaplasticity is the process of regulating future capacity for plasticity by priming neurons with a stimulation that alters later neuronal plasticity responses. Accordingly, the development of treatment modalities that specifically modulate the duration, direction, or magnitude of glutamatergic synaptic plasticity events such as long-term potentiation (LTP), defined here as metaplastogens, may be an effective approach to reverse the pathophysiology underlying depression and improve depression symptoms. We review evidence that the initiating mechanisms of pharmacologically diverse rapid-acting antidepressants (i.e., ketamine mimetics) converge on consistent downstream molecular mediators that facilitate the expression/maintenance of increased synaptic strength and resultant persisting antidepressant effects. Specifically, while the initiating mechanisms of these therapies may differ (e.g., cell type-specificity, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subtype-selective inhibition vs activation, metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 antagonism, AMPA receptor potentiation, 5-HT receptor-activating psychedelics, etc.), the sustained therapeutic mechanisms of putative rapid-acting antidepressants will be mediated, in part, by metaplastic effects that converge on consistent molecular mediators to enhance excitatory neurotransmission and altered capacity for synaptic plasticity. We conclude that the convergence of these therapeutic mechanisms provides the opportunity for metaplasticity processes to be harnessed as a druggable plasticity mechanism by next-generation therapeutics. Further, targeting metaplastic mechanisms presents therapeutic advantages including decreased dosing frequency and associated diminished adverse responses by eliminating the requirement for the drug to be continuously present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Izumi Y, Reiersen AM, Lenze EJ, Mennerick SJ, Zorumski CF. Sertraline modulates hippocampal plasticity and learning via sigma 1 receptors, cellular stress and neurosteroids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576911. [PMID: 38328198 PMCID: PMC10849579 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In addition to modulating serotonin transport, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have multiple other effects that may contribute to clinical effects, and some of these latter actions prompt repurposing of SSRIs for non-psychiatric indications. We recently observed that the SSRIs fluvoxamine and fluoxetine prevent the acute adverse effects of pro-inflammatory stimulation on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 hippocampal region. Sertraline showed markedly different effects, acutely inhibiting LTP at a low micromolar concentration through inverse agonism of sigma 1 receptors (S1Rs). In the present studies, we pursued mechanisms contributing to sertraline modulation of LTP in rat hippocampal slices. We found that sertraline partially inhibits synaptic responses mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) via effects on NMDARs that express GluN2B subunits. A selective S1R antagonist (NE-100), but not an S1R agonist (PRE-084) blocked effects on NMDARs, despite the fact that both S1R ligands were previously shown to prevent LTP inhibition. Both NE-100 and PRE-084, however, prevented adverse effects of sertraline on one-trial learning. Because of the important role that S1Rs play in modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress, we examined whether inhibitors of cellular stress alter effects of sertraline. We found that two stress inhibitors, ISRIB and quercetin, prevented LTP inhibition, as did inhibitors of the synthesis of endogenous neurosteroids, which are homeostatic regulators of cellular stress. These studies highlight complex effects of sertraline, S1Rs and neurosteroids on hippocampal function and have relevance for understanding therapeutic and adverse drug actions.
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Petrov AM. Oxysterols in Central and Peripheral Synaptic Communication. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:91-123. [PMID: 38036877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a key molecule for synaptic transmission, and both central and peripheral synapses are cholesterol rich. During intense neuronal activity, a substantial portion of synaptic cholesterol can be oxidized by either enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways to form oxysterols, which in turn modulate the activities of neurotransmitter receptors (e.g., NMDA and adrenergic receptors), signaling molecules (nitric oxide synthases, protein kinase C, liver X receptors), and synaptic vesicle cycling involved in neurotransmitters release. 24-Hydroxycholesterol, produced by neurons in the brain, could directly affect neighboring synapses and change neurotransmission. 27-Hydroxycholesterol, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, can alter both synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Increased generation of 25-hydroxycholesterol by activated microglia and macrophages could link inflammatory processes to learning and neuronal regulation. Amyloids and oxidative stress can lead to an increase in the levels of ring-oxidized sterols and some of these oxysterols (4-cholesten-3-one, 5α-cholestan-3-one, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol) have a high potency to disturb or modulate neurotransmission at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic levels. Overall, oxysterols could be used as "molecular prototypes" for therapeutic approaches. Analogs of 24-hydroxycholesterol (SGE-301, SGE-550, SAGE718) can be used for correction of NMDA receptor hypofunction-related states, whereas inhibitors of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, and cholest-4-en-3-one oxime (olesoxime) can be utilized as potential anti-epileptic drugs and (or) protectors from excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, RT, Russia.
- Kazan State Medial University, Kazan, RT, Russia.
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, RT, Russia.
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Covey DF, Evers AS, Izumi Y, Maguire JL, Mennerick SJ, Zorumski CF. Neurosteroid enantiomers as potentially novel neurotherapeutics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105191. [PMID: 37085023 PMCID: PMC10750765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous neurosteroids and synthetic neuroactive steroids (NAS) are important targets for therapeutic development in neuropsychiatric disorders. These steroids modulate major signaling systems in the brain and intracellular processes including inflammation, cellular stress and autophagy. In this review, we describe studies performed using unnatural enantiomers of key neurosteroids, which are physiochemically identical to their natural counterparts except for rotation of polarized light. These studies led to insights in how NAS interact with receptors, ion channels and intracellular sites of action. Certain effects of NAS show high enantioselectivity, consistent with actions in chiral environments and likely direct interactions with signaling proteins. Other effects show no enantioselectivity and even reverse enantioselectivity. The spectrum of effects of NAS enantiomers raises the possibility that these agents, once considered only as tools for preclinical studies, have therapeutic potential that complements and in some cases may exceed their natural counterparts. Here we review studies of NAS enantiomers from the perspective of their potential development as novel neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Covey
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Anesthesiology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex S Evers
- Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Anesthesiology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yukitoshi Izumi
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jamie L Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven J Mennerick
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Izumi Y, Ishikawa M, Nakazawa T, Kunikata H, Sato K, Covey DF, Zorumski CF. Neurosteroids as stress modulators and neurotherapeutics: lessons from the retina. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1004-1008. [PMID: 36254981 PMCID: PMC9827771 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurosteroids are rapidly emerging as important new therapies in neuropsychiatry, with one such agent, brexanolone, already approved for treatment of postpartum depression, and others on the horizon. These steroids have unique properties, including neuroprotective effects that could benefit a wide range of brain illnesses including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and neurodegeneration. Over the past 25 years, our group has developed ex vivo rodent models to examine factors contributing to several forms of neurodegeneration in the retina. In the course of this work, we have developed a model of acute closed angle glaucoma that involves incubation of ex vivo retinas under hyperbaric conditions and results in neuronal and axonal changes that mimic glaucoma. We have used this model to determine neuroprotective mechanisms that could have therapeutic implications. In particular, we have focused on the role of both endogenous and exogenous neurosteroids in modulating the effects of acute high pressure. Endogenous allopregnanolone, a major stress-activated neurosteroid in the brain and retina, helps to prevent severe pressure-induced retinal excitotoxicity but is unable to protect against degenerative changes in ganglion cells and their axons under hyperbaric conditions. However, exogenous allopregnanolone, at a pharmacological concentration, completely preserves retinal structure and does so by combined effects on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors and stimulation of the cellular process of macroautophagy. Surprisingly, the enantiomer of allopregnanolone, which is inactive at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, is equally retinoprotective and acts primarily via autophagy. Both enantiomers are also equally effective in preserving retinal structure and function in an in vivo glaucoma model. These studies in the retina have important implications for the ongoing development of allopregnanolone and other neurosteroids as therapeutics for neuropsychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makoto Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Ophthalmology; Department of Retinal Disease Control; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology; Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Yegla B, Rani A, Kumar A. Viral vector-mediated upregulation of serine racemase expression in medial prefrontal cortex improves learning and synaptic function in middle age rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2433-2449. [PMID: 37052995 PMCID: PMC10120901 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
An age-associated decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic function contributes to impaired synaptic plasticity and is associated with cognitive impairments. Levels of serine racemase (SR), an enzyme that synthesizes D-serine, an NMDAR co-agonist, decline with age. Thus, enhancing NMDAR function via increased SR expression in middle age, when subtle declines in cognition emerge, was predicted to enhance performance on a prefrontal cortex-mediated task sensitive to aging. Middle-aged (~12 mo) male Fischer-344 rats were injected bilaterally in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with viral vector (LV), SR (LV-SR) or control (LV-GFP). Rats were trained on the operant attentional set-shift task (AST) to examine cognitive flexibility and attentional function. LV-SR rats exhibited a faster rate of learning compared to controls during visual discrimination of the AST. Extradimensional set shifting and reversal were not impacted. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that LV-SR significantly increased SR expression in the mPFC. Electrophysiological characterization of synaptic transmission in the mPFC slices obtained from LV-GFP and LV-SR animals indicated a significant increase in isolated NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in LV-SR slices. Thus, results of the current study demonstrated that prefrontal SR upregulation in middle age rats can improve learning of task contingencies for visual discrimination and increase glutamatergic synaptic transmission, including NMDAR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Yegla
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Cai L, Liow JS, Morse CL, Telu S, Davies R, Manly LS, Zoghbi SS, Chin FT, Innis RB, Pike VW. Candidate 3-benzazepine-1-ol type GluN2B receptor radioligands ( 11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers) have high binding in cerebellum but not to σ1 receptors. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 37017827 PMCID: PMC10076467 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently reported 11C-NR2B-SMe ([S-methyl-11C](R,S)-7-thiomethoxy-3-(4-(4-methyl-phenyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ol) and its enantiomers as candidate radioligands for imaging the GluN2B subunit within rat N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. However, these radioligands gave unexpectedly high and displaceable binding in rat cerebellum, possibly due to cross-reactivity with sigma-1 (σ1) receptors. This study investigated 11C-labeled enantiomers of a close analogue (7-methoxy-3-(4-(p-tolyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ol; NR2B-Me) of 11C-NR2B-SMe as new candidate GluN2B radioligands. PET was used to evaluate these radioligands in rats and to assess potential cross-reactivity to σ1 receptors. METHODS NR2B-Me was assayed for binding affinity and selectivity to GluN2B in vitro. 11C-NR2B-Me and its enantiomers were prepared by Pd-mediated treatment of boronic ester precursors with 11C-iodomethane. Brain PET scans were conducted after radioligand intravenous injection into rats. Various ligands for GluN2B receptors or σ1 receptors were administered at set doses in pre-blocking or displacement experiments to assess their impact on imaging data. 18F-FTC146 and enantiomers of 11C-NR2B-SMe were used for comparison. Radiometabolites from brain and plasma were measured ex vivo and in vitro. RESULTS NR2B-Me enantiomers showed high GluN2B affinity and selectivity in vitro. 11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers gave high early whole rat brain uptake of radioactivity, including high uptake in cerebellum, followed by slower decline. Radioactivity in brain at 30 min ex vivo was virtually all unchanged radioligand. Only less lipophilic radiometabolites appeared in plasma. When 11C-(R)-NR2B-Me was used, three high-affinity GluN2B ligands-NR2B-SMe, Ro25-6981, and CO101,244-showed increasing pre-block of whole brain radioactivity retention with increasing dose. Two σ1 receptor antagonists, FTC146 and BD1407, were ineffective pre-blocking agents. Together, these results strongly resemble those obtained with 11C-NR2B-SMe enantiomers, except that 11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers showed faster reversibility of binding. When 18F-FTC146 was used as a radioligand, FTC146 and BD1407 showed strong pre-blocking effects whereas GluN2B ligands showed only weak blocking effects. CONCLUSION 11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers showed specific binding to GluN2B receptors in rat brain in vivo. High unexpected specific binding in cerebellum was not due to σ1 receptors. Additional investigation is needed to identify the source of the high specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Riley Davies
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lester S Manly
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Rm. PS049, Stanford, CA, 94305-584, USA
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3 C346, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Chakraborty P, Dey A, Gopalakrishnan AV, Swati K, Ojha S, Prakash A, Kumar D, Ambasta RK, Jha NK, Jha SK, Dewanjee S. Glutamatergic neurotransmission: A potential pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101838. [PMID: 36610558 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, glutamate is regarded to be the primary excitatory neurotransmitter due to its widespread distribution and wide range of metabolic functions. Glutamate plays key roles in regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neuron survival in the brain. Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, neurotransmitters, neurotensin, neurosteroids, and others co-ordinately formulate a complex glutamatergic network in the brain that maintains optimal excitatory neurotransmission. Cognitive activities are potentially synchronized by the glutamatergic activities in the brain via restoring synaptic plasticity. Dysfunctional glutamate receptors and other glutamatergic components are responsible for the aberrant glutamatergic activity in the brain that cause cognitive impairments, loss of synaptic plasticity, and neuronal damage. Thus, controlling the brain's glutamatergic transmission and modifying glutamate receptor function could be a potential therapeutic strategy for cognitive disorders. Certain drugs that regulate glutamate receptor activities have shown therapeutic promise in improving cognitive functions in preclinical and clinical studies. However, several issues regarding precise functional information of glutamatergic activity are yet to be comprehensively understood. The present article discusses the scope of developing glutamatergic systems as prospective pharmacotherapeutic targets to treat cognitive disorders. Special attention has been given to recent developments, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Kumari Swati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, UP, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, UP, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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12
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Izumi Y, Reiersen AM, Lenze EJ, Mennerick SJ, Zorumski CF. SSRIs differentially modulate the effects of pro-inflammatory stimulation on hippocampal plasticity and memory via sigma 1 receptors and neurosteroids. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 36737431 PMCID: PMC9897619 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models, and recent clinical studies suggest that fluvoxamine can prevent deterioration in patients with COVID-19, possibly through activating sigma 1 receptors (S1Rs). Here we examined potential mechanisms contributing to these effects of fluvoxamine and other SSRIs using a well-characterized model of pro-inflammatory stress in rat hippocampal slices. When hippocampal slices are exposed acutely to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a strong pro-inflammatory stimulus, basal synaptic transmission in the CA1 region remains intact, but induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity thought to contribute to learning and memory, is completely disrupted. Administration of low micromolar concentrations of fluvoxamine and fluoxetine prior to and during LPS administration overcame this LTP inhibition. Effects of fluvoxamine required both activation of S1Rs and local synthesis of 5-alpha reduced neurosteroids. In contrast, the effects of fluoxetine did not involve S1Rs but required neurosteroid production. The ability of fluvoxamine to modulate LTP and neurosteroid production was mimicked by a selective S1R agonist. Additionally, fluvoxamine and fluoxetine prevented learning impairments induced by LPS in vivo. Sertraline differed from the other SSRIs in blocking LTP in control slices likely via S1R inverse agonism. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that S1Rs and neurosteroids play key roles in the anti-inflammatory effects of certain SSRIs and that these SSRIs could be beneficial in disorders involving inflammatory stress including psychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry & Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angela M Reiersen
- Department of Psychiatry & Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry & Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry & Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry & Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Candemir E, Fattakhov N, Leary AO, Slattery DA, Courtney MJ, Reif A, Freudenberg F. Disrupting the nNOS/NOS1AP interaction in the medial prefrontal cortex impairs social recognition and spatial working memory in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 67:66-79. [PMID: 36513018 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and its interacting protein NOS1AP have been linked to several mental disorders including schizophrenia and depression. An increase in the interaction between nNOS and NOS1AP in the frontal cortex has been suggested to contribute to the emergence of these disorders. Here we aimed to uncover whether disruption of their interactions in the frontal cortex leads to mental disorder endophenotypes. Targeting the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), we stereotaxically injected wild-type C57BL/6J mice with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing either full-length NOS1AP, the nNOS binding region of NOS1AP (i.e. NOS1AP396-503), or the nNOS amino-terminus (i.e. nNOS1-133), which was shown to disrupt the interaction of endogenous nNOS with PSD-95. We tested these mice in a comprehensive behavioural battery, assessing different endophenotypes related to mental disorders. We found no differences in anxiety-related and exploratory behaviours. Likewise, social interaction was comparable in all groups. However, social recognition was impaired in NOS1AP and NOS1AP396-503 mice. These mice, as well as mice overexpressing nNOS1-133 also displayed impaired spatial working memory (SWM) capacity, while spatial reference memory (SRM) remained intact. Finally, mice overexpressing NOS1AP and nNOS1-133, but not NOS1AP396-503, failed to habituate to the startling pulses in an acoustic startle response (ASR) paradigm, though we found no difference in overall startle intensity or prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the ASR. Our findings indicate a distinct role of NOS1AP/nNOS/PSD-95 interactions in the mPFC to contribute to specific endophenotypic changes observed in different mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Candemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aet O Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J Courtney
- Neuronal Signalling Laboratory, Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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14
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Izumi Y, Hsu FF, Conway CR, Nagele P, Mennerick SJ, Zorumski CF. Nitrous Oxide, a Rapid Antidepressant, Has Ketamine-like Effects on Excitatory Transmission in the Adult Hippocampus. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:964-972. [PMID: 36050137 PMCID: PMC10107749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a noncompetitive inhibitor of NMDA receptors that appears to have ketamine-like rapid antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant major depression. In preclinical studies, ketamine enhances glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In this study, we examined the effects of N2O on glutamate transmission in the hippocampus and compared its effects to those of ketamine. METHODS Glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission was studied in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from adult albino rats using standard extracellular recording methods. Effects of N2O and ketamine at subanesthetic concentrations were evaluated by acute administration. RESULTS Akin to 1 μM ketamine, 30% N2O administered for 15-20 minutes resulted in persistent enhancement of synaptic responses mediated by both AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors. Synaptic enhancement by both N2O and ketamine was blocked by co-administration of a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist at saturating concentration, but only ketamine was blocked by an AMPA receptor antagonist. Synaptic enhancement by both agents involved TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B), mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), and NOS (nitric oxide synthase) with some differences between N2O and ketamine. N2O potentiation occluded enhancement by ketamine, and in vivo N2O exposure occluded further potentiation by both N2O and ketamine. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that N2O has ketamine-like effects on hippocampal synaptic function at a subanesthetic, but therapeutically relevant concentration. These 2 rapid antidepressants have similar, but not identical mechanisms that result in persisting synaptic enhancement, possibly contributing to psychotropic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles R Conway
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter Nagele
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven J Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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15
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Nasarudeen R, Singh A, Rana ZS, Punnakkal P. Epileptiform activity induced metaplasticity impairs bidirectional plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 synapses via GluN2B NMDA receptors. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:3339-3349. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Cappelli S, Spalloni A, Feiguin F, Visani G, Šušnjar U, Brown AL, De Bardi M, Borsellino G, Secrier M, Phatnani H, Romano M, Fratta P, Longone P, Buratti E. NOS1AP is a novel molecular target and critical factor in TDP-43 pathology. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac242. [PMID: 36267332 PMCID: PMC9576154 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence have highlighted the role played by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this study, we have aimed to identify transcripts co-regulated by TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa and highly conserved heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins which have been previously shown to regulate TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa toxicity (deleted in azoospermia-associated protein 1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein -Q, -D, -K and -U). Using the transcriptome analyses, we have uncovered that Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Adaptor Protein mRNA is a direct TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa target, and in flies, its modulation alone can rescue TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa pathology. In primary mouse cortical neurons, we show that TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa mediated downregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Adaptor Protein expression strongly affects the NMDA-receptor signalling pathway. In human patients, the downregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Adaptor Protein mRNA strongly correlates with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa proteinopathy as measured by cryptic Stathmin-2 and Unc-13 homolog A cryptic exon inclusion. Overall, our results demonstrate that Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Adaptor Protein may represent a novel disease-relevant gene, potentially suitable for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cappelli
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alida Spalloni
- Molecular Neurobiology, Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabian Feiguin
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Visani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Urša Šušnjar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna-Leigh Brown
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patrizia Longone
- Molecular Neurobiology, Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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17
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Acrylamide inhibits long-term potentiation and learning involving microglia and pro-inflammatory signaling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12429. [PMID: 35858988 PMCID: PMC9300615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is a chemical used in various industries and a product following high-temperature cooking of vegetables containing asparagine. Environmental or dietary exposure to acrylamide could impair cognitive function because of its neurotoxicity. Using rat hippocampal slices, we tested whether acrylamide alters induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. We hypothesized that acrylamide impairs cognitive function via activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines because robust upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported. Although acrylamide up to 3 mM did not alter basal synaptic transmission, incubation with 10 μM or acute administration of 100 μM acrylamide inhibited induction of LTP. Inhibitors of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, overcame the effects of acrylamide on LTP induction. Furthermore, we observed that acrylamide failed to inhibit LTP after administration of MCC950, an inhibitor of NLRP3, or in the presence of Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). We also found that in vivo acrylamide injection transiently impaired body weight gain and impaired one-trial inhibitory avoidance learning. This learning deficit was overcome by MCC950. These results indicate that cognitive impairment by acrylamide is mediated by mechanisms involving microglia and release of cytokines via NLRP3 activation.
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18
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Hamel R, Lepage JF, Bernier PM. Anterograde interference emerges along a gradient as a function of task similarity: A behavioural study. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:49-66. [PMID: 34894023 PMCID: PMC9299670 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anterograde interference emerges when two opposite (B → A) or identical tasks (A → A) are learned in close temporal succession, suggesting that interference cannot be fully accounted for by competing memories. Informed by neurobiological evidence, this work tested the hypothesis that interference depends upon the degree of overlap between the neural networks involved in the learning of two tasks. In a fully within‐subject and counterbalanced design, participants (n = 24) took part in two learning sessions where the putative overlap between learning‐specific neural networks was behaviourally manipulated across four conditions by modifying reach direction and the effector used during gradual visuomotor adaptation. The results showed that anterograde interference emerged regardless of memory competition—that is, to a similar extent in the B → A and A → A conditions—and along a gradient as a function of the tasks' similarity. Specifically, learning under similar reaching conditions generated more anterograde interference than learning under dissimilar reaching conditions, suggesting that putatively overlapping neural networks are required to generate interference. Overall, these results indicate that competing memories are not the sole contributor to anterograde interference and suggest that overlapping neural networks between two learning sessions are required to trigger interference. One discussed possibility is that initial learning modifies the properties of its neural networks to constrain further plasticity induction and learning capabilities, therefore causing anterograde interference in a network‐dependent manner. One implication is that learning‐specific neural networks must be maximally dissociated to minimize the interfering influences of previous learning on subsequent learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Hamel
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lepage
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Michel Bernier
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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19
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Zhu X, Huang J, Huang S, Wen Y, Lan X, Wang X, Lu C, Wang Z, Fan N, Shang D. Combining Metabolomics and Interpretable Machine Learning to Reveal Plasma Metabolic Profiling and Biological Correlates of Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients: What About Tryptophan Metabolism Regulation? Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:760669. [PMID: 34859050 PMCID: PMC8630631 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.760669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is a condition of alcohol use disorder in which the drinkers frequently develop emotional symptoms associated with a continuous alcohol intake. AD characterized by metabolic disturbances can be quantitatively analyzed by metabolomics to identify the alterations in metabolic pathways. This study aimed to: i) compare the plasma metabolic profiling between healthy and AD-diagnosed individuals to reveal the altered metabolic profiles in AD, and ii) identify potential biological correlates of alcohol-dependent inpatients based on metabolomics and interpretable machine learning. Plasma samples were obtained from healthy (n = 42) and AD-diagnosed individuals (n = 43). The plasma metabolic differences between them were investigated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (AB SCIEX® QTRAP 4500 system) in different electrospray ionization modes with scheduled multiple reaction monitoring scans. In total, 59 and 52 compounds were semi-quantitatively measured in positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. In addition, 39 metabolites were identified as important variables to contribute to the classifications using an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) (VIP > 1) and also significantly different between healthy and AD-diagnosed individuals using univariate analysis (p-value < 0.05 and false discovery rate < 0.05). Among the identified metabolites, indole-3-carboxylic acid, quinolinic acid, hydroxy-tryptophan, and serotonin were involved in the tryptophan metabolism along the indole, kynurenine, and serotonin pathways. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significant changes or imbalances in alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, which was possibly the main altered pathway related to AD. Tryptophan metabolism interactively influenced other metabolic pathways, such as nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Furthermore, among the OPLS-DA-identified metabolites, normetanephrine and ascorbic acid were demonstrated as suitable biological correlates of AD inpatients from our model using an interpretable, supervised decision tree classifier algorithm. These findings indicate that the discriminatory metabolic profiles between healthy and AD-diagnosed individuals may benefit researchers in illustrating the underlying molecular mechanisms of AD. This study also highlights the approach of combining metabolomics and interpretable machine learning as a valuable tool to uncover potential biological correlates. Future studies should focus on the global analysis of the possible roles of these differential metabolites and disordered metabolic pathways in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Department of Substance Dependence, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochang Lan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Substance Dependence, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xipei Wang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanli Lu
- Guangzhou Rely Medical Diagnostic Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanzhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Fan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Substance Dependence, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Liu J, Guo ZN, Yan XL, Yang Y, Huang S. Brain Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755392. [PMID: 34867280 PMCID: PMC8634727 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy that affects multiple systems including the muscle and heart. The mutant CTG expansion at the 3′-UTR of the DMPK gene causes the expression of toxic RNA that aggregate as nuclear foci. The foci then interfere with RNA-binding proteins, affecting hundreds of mis-spliced effector genes, leading to aberrant alternative splicing and loss of effector gene product functions, ultimately resulting in systemic disorders. In recent years, increasing clinical, imaging, and pathological evidence have indicated that DM1, though to a lesser extent, could also be recognized as true brain diseases, with more and more researchers dedicating to develop novel therapeutic tools dealing with it. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the pathogenesis and pathology of central nervous system (CNS) deficits in DM1, intervention measures currently being investigated are also highlighted, aiming to promote novel and cutting-edge therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Huang,
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21
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Piva A, Caffino L, Mottarlini F, Pintori N, Castillo Díaz F, Fumagalli F, Chiamulera C. Metaplastic Effects of Ketamine and MK-801 on Glutamate Receptors Expression in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3443-3456. [PMID: 33723767 PMCID: PMC8257545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine and MK-801 by blocking NMDA receptors may induce reinforcing effects as well as schizophrenia-like symptoms. Recent results showed that ketamine can also effectively reverse depressive signs in patients' refractory to standard therapies. This evidence clearly points to the need of characterization of effects of these NMDARs antagonists on relevant brain areas for mood disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular changes occurring at glutamatergic synapses 24 h after ketamine or MK-801 treatment in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (Hipp). In particular, we analyzed the levels of the glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors subunits, and related scaffolding proteins. In the homogenate, we found a general decrease of protein levels, whereas their changes in the post-synaptic density were more complex. In fact, ketamine in the mPFC decreased the level of GLT-1 and increased the level of GluN2B, GluA1, GluA2, and scaffolding proteins, likely indicating a pattern of enhanced excitability. On the other hand, MK-801 only induced sparse changes with apparently no correlation to functional modification. Differently from mPFC, in Hipp, both substances reduced or caused no changes of glutamate receptors and scaffolding proteins expression. Ketamine decreased NMDA receptors while increased AMPA receptors subunit ratios, an effect indicative of permissive metaplastic modulation; conversely, MK-801 only decreased the latter, possibly representing a blockade of further synaptic plasticity. Taken together, these findings indicate a fine tuning of glutamatergic synapses by ketamine compared to MK-801 both in the mPFC and Hipp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piva
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicholas Pintori
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Fernando Castillo Díaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
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22
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Fujii C, Zorumski CF, Izumi Y. Ethanol, neurosteroids and cellular stress responses: Impact on central nervous system toxicity, inflammation and autophagy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:168-178. [PMID: 33561510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol intake can impair brain function, in addition to other organs such as the liver and kidney. In the brain ethanol can be detrimental to memory formation, through inducing the integrated stress response/endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response and the molecular mechanisms linking stress to other events such as NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammation and autophagy. This literature review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in ethanol-induced damage with endoplasmic reticulum stress, integrated stress response, NLRP3 inflammation and autophagy, while discussing the impact of neurosteroids and oxysterols, including allopregnanolone, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol, on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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23
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Izumi Y, Mennerick SJ, Doherty JJ, Zorumski CF. Oxysterols Modulate the Acute Effects of Ethanol on Hippocampal N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors, Long-Term Potentiation, and Learning. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:181-188. [PMID: 33441369 PMCID: PMC8051516 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is a noncompetitive inhibitor of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and acutely disrupts hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning. In the present study, we examined the effects of oxysterol positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of NMDARs on ethanol-mediated inhibition of NMDARs, block of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in rat hippocampal slices, and defects in one-trial learning in vivo. We found that 24S-hydroxycholesterol and a synthetic oxysterol analog, SGE-301, overcame effects of ethanol on NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in the CA1 region but did not alter acute effects of ethanol on LTD; the synthetic oxysterol, however, overcame acute inhibition of LTP. In addition, both oxysterols overcame persistent effects of ethanol on LTP in vitro, and the synthetic analog reversed defects in one-trial inhibitory avoidance learning in vivo. These results indicate that effects of ethanol on both LTP and LTD arise by complex mechanisms beyond NMDAR antagonism and that oxysterol NMDAR PAMS may represent a novel approach for preventing and reversing acute ethanol-mediated changes in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.I., S.J.M., C.F.Z.); and Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.J.D.)
| | - Steven J Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.I., S.J.M., C.F.Z.); and Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.J.D.)
| | - James J Doherty
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.I., S.J.M., C.F.Z.); and Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.J.D.)
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.I., S.J.M., C.F.Z.); and Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.J.D.)
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24
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Davenport CM, Rajappa R, Katchan L, Taylor CR, Tsai MC, Smith CM, de Jong JW, Arnold DB, Lammel S, Kramer RH. Relocation of an Extrasynaptic GABA A Receptor to Inhibitory Synapses Freezes Excitatory Synaptic Strength and Preserves Memory. Neuron 2021; 109:123-134.e4. [PMID: 33096025 PMCID: PMC7790995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory synapse between hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibits long-term potentiation (LTP), a positive feedback process implicated in learning and memory in which postsynaptic depolarization strengthens synapses, promoting further depolarization. Without mechanisms for interrupting positive feedback, excitatory synapses could strengthen inexorably, corrupting memory storage. Here, we reveal a hidden form of inhibitory synaptic plasticity that prevents accumulation of excitatory LTP. We developed a knockin mouse that allows optical control of endogenous α5-subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors (α5-GABARs). Induction of excitatory LTP relocates α5-GABARs, which are ordinarily extrasynaptic, to inhibitory synapses, quashing further NMDA receptor activation necessary for inducing more excitatory LTP. Blockade of α5-GABARs accelerates reversal learning, a behavioral test for cognitive flexibility dependent on repeated LTP. Hence, inhibitory synaptic plasticity occurs in parallel with excitatory synaptic plasticity, with the ensuing interruption of the positive feedback cycle of LTP serving as a possible critical early step in preserving memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Davenport
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rajit Rajappa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ljudmila Katchan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Charlotte R Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ming-Chi Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Caleb M Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Johannes W de Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Don B Arnold
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stephan Lammel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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25
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Török N, Tanaka M, Vécsei L. Searching for Peripheral Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9338. [PMID: 33302404 PMCID: PMC7762583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial, initiated by a series of the causative complex which develops into a certain clinical picture. The pathogenesis and disease course vary from patient to patient. Thus, it should be likewise to the treatment. Peripheral biomarkers are to play a central role for tailoring a personalized therapeutic plan for patients who suffered from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, among others. Nevertheless, the use of biomarkers in clinical practice is still underappreciated and data presented in biomarker research for clinical use is still uncompelling, compared to the abundant data available for drug research and development. So is the case with kynurenines (KYNs) and the kynurenine pathway (KP) enzymes, which have been associated with a wide range of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurologic diseases, and psychiatric disorders. This review article discusses current knowledge of KP alterations observed in the central nervous system as well as the periphery, its involvement in pathogenesis and disease progression, and emerging evidence of roles of microbiota in the gut-brain axis, searching for practical peripheral biomarkers which ensure personalized treatment plans for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Török
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (N.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (N.T.); (M.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (N.T.); (M.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Chiamulera C, Piva A, Abraham WC. Glutamate receptors and metaplasticity in addiction. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 56:39-45. [PMID: 33128937 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic drug use is a neuroadaptive disorder characterized by strong and persistent plasticity in the mesocorticolimbic reward system. Long-lasting effects of drugs of abuse rely on their ability to hijack glutamate receptor activity and long-term synaptic plasticity processes like long-term potentiation and depression. Importantly, metaplasticity-based modulation of synaptic plasticity contributes to durable neurotransmission changes in mesocorticolimbic pathways including the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens, causing 'maladaptive' drug memory and higher risk for drug-seeking relapse. On the other hand, drug-induced metaplasticity can make appetitive memories more malleable to modification, offering a potential target mechanism for intervention. Here we review the literature on the role of glutamate receptors in addiction-related metaplasticity phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Piva
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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27
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Kappelmann N, Suesse M, Steudte-Schmiedgen S, Kaldewaij R, Browning M, Michael T, Rinck M, Reinecke A. D-cycloserine as adjunct to brief computerised CBT for spider fear: Effects on fear, behaviour, and cognitive biases. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 68:101546. [PMID: 31951819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In anxiety disorders, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) improves information-processing biases such as implicit fear evaluations and avoidance tendencies, which predicts treatment response. Thus, these cognitive biases might constitute important treatment targets. This study investigated (i) whether information-processing biases could be changed following single-session computerised CBT for spider fear, and (ii) whether this effect could be augmented by administration of D-cycloserine (DCS). METHODS Spider-fearful individuals were randomized to receiving either 250 mg of DCS (n = 21) or placebo (n = 17). Three hours after drug administration, they received single-session computerized CBT, characterized by psychoeducation and exposure elements. Spider fear was assessed using self-report, behavioural, and information processing (Extrinsic Affective Simon Task & Approach Avoidance Task) measures at baseline (before drug administration), post-treatment, 1-day, and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Linear mixed-effects analyses indicated significant improvements on self-report and behavioural spider fear indices following CBT, but not on cognitive bias measures. There was no evidence of an augmentation effect of DCS on any outcome. Cognitive bias measures at 1-day were not predictive of 1-month follow-up spider fear in adjusted linear regression analyses. LIMITATIONS Results might be biased by limited representativeness of the sample (high education and intelligence, largely Caucasian ethnicity, young age). The study was also only powered for detection of medium-sized DCS effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings do not provide evidence for information-processing biases relating to treatment outcome following computerised CBT for spider fear or augmentation with DCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kappelmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Suesse
- Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Doctorate Training, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinoud Kaldewaij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Browning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanja Michael
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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28
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Hsu MC, Huang YS, Ouyang WC. Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenia: possible mechanisms. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:159. [PMID: 32620164 PMCID: PMC7333328 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a serious long-term psychotic disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms, severe behavioral problems and cognitive function deficits. The cause of this disorder is not completely clear, but is suggested to be multifactorial, involving both inherited and environmental factors. Since human brain regulates all behaviour, studies have focused on identifying changes in neurobiology and biochemistry of brain in schizophrenia. Brain is the most lipid rich organ (approximately 50% of brain dry weight). Total brain lipids is constituted of more than 60% of phospholipids, in which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the most abundant (more than 40%) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in brain membrane phospholipids. Results from numerous studies have shown significant decreases of PUFAs, in particular, DHA in peripheral blood (plasma and erythrocyte membranes) as well as brain of schizophrenia patients at different developmental phases of the disorder. PUFA deficiency has been associated to psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. These findings have led to a number of clinical trials examining whether dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could improve the course of illness in patients with schizophrenia. Results are inconsistent. Some report beneficial whereas others show not effective. The discrepancy can be attributed to the heterogeneity of patient population. METHODS In this review, results from recent experimental and clinical studies, which focus on illustrating the role of PUFAs in the development of schizophrenia were examined. The rationale why omega-3 supplementation was beneficial on symptoms (presented by subscales of the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), and cognitive functions in certain patients but not others was reviewed. The potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects were discussed. RESULTS Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced the conversion rate to psychosis and improved both positive and negative symptoms and global functions in adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could also improve negative symptoms and global functions in the first-episode patients with schizophrenia, but improve mainly total or general PANSS subscales in chronic patients. Patients with low PUFA (particularly DHA) baseline in blood were more responsive to the omega-3 fatty acid intervention. CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation is more effective in reducing psychotic symptom severity in young adults or adolescents in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia who have low omega-3 baseline. Omega-3 supplementation was more effective in patients with low PUFA baseline. It suggests that patients with predefined lipid levels might benefit from lipid treatments, but more controlled clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Hsu
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Huang
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.539, Yuzhong Rd., Rende Dist., Tainan City, 71742 Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, No.452, Huanqiu Rd. Luzhu Dist, Kaohsiung, 82144 Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
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29
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Inhibitors of cellular stress overcome acute effects of ethanol on hippocampal plasticity and learning. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104875. [PMID: 32334031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol intoxication can produce marked changes in cognitive function including states in which the ability to learn and remember new information is completely disrupted. These defects likely reflect changes in the synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory formation. We have studied mechanisms contributing to the adverse effects of ethanol on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and provided evidence that ethanol-mediated LTP inhibition involves a form of metaplasticity resulting from local metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde and untimely activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), both of which are neuronal stressors. In the present studies, we sought to understand the role of cellular stress in LTP defects, and demonstrate that ethanol's effects on LTP in the CA1 hippocampal region are overcome by agents that inhibit cellular stress responses, including ISRIB, a specific inhibitor of integrated stress responses, and GW3965, an agonist that acts at liver X receptors (LXRs) and dampens cellular stress. The agents that alter LTP inhibition also prevent the adverse effects of acute ethanol on one trial inhibitory avoidance learning. Unexpectedly, we found that the LXR agonist but not ISRIB overcomes effects of ethanol on synaptic responses mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). These results have implications for understanding the adverse effects of ethanol and possibly for identifying novel paths to treatments that can prevent or overcome ethanol-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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30
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Stone TW. Does kynurenic acid act on nicotinic receptors? An assessment of the evidence. J Neurochem 2020; 152:627-649. [PMID: 31693759 PMCID: PMC7078985 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a major metabolite of kynurenine in the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan, kynurenic acid is of considerable biological and clinical importance as an endogenous antagonist of glutamate in the central nervous system. It is most active as an antagonist at receptors sensitive to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) which regulate neuronal excitability and plasticity, brain development and behaviour. It is also thought to play a causative role in hypo-glutamatergic conditions such as schizophrenia, and a protective role in several neurodegenerative disorders, notably Huntington's disease. An additional hypothesis, that kynurenic acid could block nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in the central nervous system has been proposed as an alternative mechanism of action of kynurenate. However, the evidence for this alternative mechanism is highly controversial, partly because at least eight earlier studies concluded that kynurenic acid blocked NMDA receptors but not nicotinic receptors and five subsequent, independent studies designed to repeat the results have failed to do so. Many studies considered to support the alternative 'nicotinic' hypothesis have been based on the use of analogs of kynurenate such as 7-chloro-kynurenic acid, or putatively nicotinic modulators such as galantamine, but a detailed analysis of the pharmacology of these compounds suggests that the results have often been misinterpreted, especially since the pharmacology of galantamine itself has been disputed. This review examines the evidence in detail, with the conclusion that there is no confirmed, reliable evidence for an antagonist activity of kynurenic acid at nicotinic receptors. Therefore, since there is overwhelming evidence for kynurenate acting at ionotropic glutamate receptors, especially NMDAR glutamate and glycine sites, with some activity at GPR35 sites and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors, results with kynurenic acid should be interpreted only in terms of these confirmed sites of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- Institute for Neuroscience and PsychologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
- Present address:
Kennedy InstituteNDORMSUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FYUK
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31
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Piva A, Caffino L, Padovani L, Pintori N, Mottarlini F, Sferrazza G, Paolone G, Fumagalli F, Chiamulera C. The metaplastic effects of ketamine on sucrose renewal and contextual memory reconsolidation in rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Kumar A. Calcium Signaling During Brain Aging and Its Influence on the Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:985-1012. [PMID: 31646542 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are highly versatile intracellular signaling molecules and are universal second messenger for regulating a variety of cellular and physiological functions including synaptic plasticity. Ca2+ homeostasis in the central nervous system endures subtle dysregulation with advancing age. Research has provided abundant evidence that brain aging is associated with altered neuronal Ca2+ regulation and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during aging. The current chapter takes a specific perspective, assessing various Ca2+ sources and the influence of aging on Ca2+ sources and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Integrating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in neuronal Ca2+ signaling and synaptic plasticity mechanisms will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders including cognitive impairment associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Opazo P, Viana da Silva S, Carta M, Breillat C, Coultrap SJ, Grillo-Bosch D, Sainlos M, Coussen F, Bayer KU, Mulle C, Choquet D. CaMKII Metaplasticity Drives Aβ Oligomer-Mediated Synaptotoxicity. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3137-3145. [PMID: 29898386 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is emerging as a synaptopathology driven by metaplasticity. Indeed, reminiscent of metaplasticity, oligomeric forms of the amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) prevent induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) via the prior activation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs). However, the downstream Ca2+-dependent signaling molecules that mediate aberrant metaplasticity are unknown. In this study, we show that oAβ promotes the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) via GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Importantly, we find that CaMKII inhibition rescues both the LTP impairment and the dendritic spine loss mediated by oAβ. Mechanistically resembling metaplasticity, oAβ prevents subsequent rounds of plasticity from inducing CaMKII T286 autophosphorylation, as well as the associated anchoring and accumulation of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs). Finally, prolonged oAβ treatment-induced CaMKII misactivation leads to dendritic spine loss via the destabilization of surface AMPARs. Thus, our study demonstrates that oAβ engages synaptic metaplasticity via aberrant CaMKII activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Opazo
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Silvia Viana da Silva
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mario Carta
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Breillat
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Steven J Coultrap
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dolors Grillo-Bosch
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Françoise Coussen
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - K Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christophe Mulle
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, US4 INSERM, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Zorumski CF, Paul SM, Covey DF, Mennerick S. Neurosteroids as novel antidepressants and anxiolytics: GABA-A receptors and beyond. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100196. [PMID: 31649968 PMCID: PMC6804800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent FDA approval of the neurosteroid, brexanolone (allopregnanolone), as a treatment for women with postpartum depression, and successful trials of a related neuroactive steroid, SGE-217, for men and women with major depressive disorder offer the hope of a new era in treating mood and anxiety disorders based on the potential of neurosteroids as modulators of brain function. This review considers potential mechanisms contributing to antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of allopregnanolone and other GABAergic neurosteroids focusing on their actions as positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors. We also consider their roles as endogenous "stress" modulators and possible additional mechanisms contributing to their therapeutic effects. We argue that further understanding of the molecular, cellular, network and psychiatric effects of neurosteroids offers the hope of further advances in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F. Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M. Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Douglas F. Covey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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La DS, Salituro FG, Martinez Botella G, Griffin AM, Bai Z, Ackley MA, Dai J, Doherty JJ, Harrison BL, Hoffmann EC, Kazdoba TM, Lewis MC, Quirk MC, Robichaud AJ. Neuroactive Steroid N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators: Synthesis, SAR, and Pharmacological Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7526-7542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. La
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | - Andrew M. Griffin
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Zhu Bai
- Wuxi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Michael A. Ackley
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jing Dai
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James J. Doherty
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Boyd L. Harrison
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ethan C. Hoffmann
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tatiana M. Kazdoba
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael C. Lewis
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael C. Quirk
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Albert J. Robichaud
- SAGE Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Lorigooini Z, Salimi N, Soltani A, Amini-Khoei H. Implication of NMDA-NO pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of ellagic acid in male mice. Neuropeptides 2019; 76:101928. [PMID: 31078318 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one the common psychiatric disorders through the world. Nitric oxide (NO) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) are involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Previous studies have been reported various pharmacological properties for ellagic acid (EA). We aimed to evaluate possible involvement of NMDA-NO pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of EA. To do this, we used relevant behavioral tests to evaluate depressive-like behavior. In order to find effective and sub-effective doses of agents, mice treated with EA (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), L-NAME (5 and 10 mg/kg), L-arg (25 and 50 mg/kg), NMDA (75 and 150 mg/kg) and ketamine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg). Furthermore, mice were treated with combination of sub-effective dose of EA plus sub-effective doses of L-NAME and/or ketamine as well as treated with effective dose of EA in combination of effective doses of L-arg and/or NMDA. Level of NO and gene expression of NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA-R were assessed in the hippocampus. Results showed that EA dose dependently provoked antidepressant-like effects and also decreased the hippocampal NO level as well as expression of NMDA-Rs. Co-administration of sub-effective doses of L-NAME or ketamine with sub-effective dose of EA potentiated the effect of EA on behaviors, NO level as well as NMDA-Rs gene expression in the hippocampus. However, co-treatment of effective dose of EA with effective doses of L-arg or NMDA mitigated effects of EA. In conclusion, our data suggested that NMDA-NO, partially at least, are involved in the antidepressant-like effect of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Negin Salimi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Soltani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Kumar A, Thinschmidt JS, Foster TC. Subunit contribution to NMDA receptor hypofunction and redox sensitivity of hippocampal synaptic transmission during aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5140-5157. [PMID: 31339863 PMCID: PMC6682512 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits in the redox-mediated decline in NMDAR function during aging. GluN2A and GluN2B selective antagonists decreased peak NMDAR currents to a similar extent in young and aged animals, indicating that a shift in diheteromeric GluN2 subunits does not underlie the age-related decrease in the NMDAR synaptic function. Application of dithiothreitol (DTT) in aged animals, increased peak NMDAR synaptic currents, prolonged the decay time, and increased the sensitivity of the synaptic response to the GluN2B antagonist, ifenprodil, indicating that DTT increased the contribution of GluN2B subunits to the synaptic response. The DTT-mediated increase in NMDAR function was inhibited by partial blockade of NMDARs, and this inhibition was rescued by increasing Ca2+ concentration in the recording medium. The results indicate that DTT-mediated potentiation requires Ca2+ influx through NMDAR activity. Finally, redox regulation of NMDAR function depends on the activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). The results indicate that activity-dependent NMDAR synaptic plasticity is suppressed by redox-mediated inhibition of CaMKII activation during aging. The redox regulation of NMDARs represents a suppression of a metaplasticity mechanism, which can disrupt synaptic plasticity and cognition associated with neurological or psychiatric diseases, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Thinschmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Contreras A, Morales L, Del Olmo N. The intermittent administration of ethanol during the juvenile period produces changes in the expression of hippocampal genes and proteins and deterioration of spatial memory. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112033. [PMID: 31201872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking is a pattern of alcohol intake characterized by excessive and intermittent alcohol consumption over a very short period of time that is more used during adolescence. We aim to compare the lasting effects of a chronic-moderate vs. this intermittent-excessive way of alcohol intake during adolescence in spatial memory and in the expression of glutamatergic receptors and GSK3β activity. METHODS Adolescent male Wistar rats were given ethanol/saline i.p. injections in four different groups: High-I (4 g/kg of a 25% (vol/vol) every 3 days), Low-I (1 g/kg of a 5% (vol/vol) every 3 days), M (0.3 g/kg of a 2.5% (vol/vol) daily) and Control (C, sterile isotonic saline daily). Rats received ethanol for up to five 3-day cycles. Spatial memory was measured by spontaneous alternation in the Y-Maze. Gene and protein expression of hippocampal proteins were also analysed. RESULTS Both high- and low-intermittent ethanol administration produced spatial memory impairment and changes in glutamatergic receptors gene expression were observed regardless of the pattern of exposure. High doses of intermittent alcohol administration produced an increase of phosphorylation of GSK3β Ser9. Moreover, moderate alcohol administration produced a down-regulation of the AMPAR 2/3 ratio despite lack of spatial memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Excessive and intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence impaired the spatial memory processes during adulthood regardless of the amount of alcohol administered. Moreover, chronic-moderate and intermittent pattern induced changes in the expression of glutamatergic receptors. In addition, high-intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence inactivated GSK3β by increasing its phosphorylation in Ser9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Contreras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Spain
| | - Lidia Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Spain.
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Joksimovic SM, Osuru HP, Oklopcic A, Beenhakker MP, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Todorovic SM. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Entinostat (MS-275) Restores Anesthesia-induced Alteration of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in the Developing Rat Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:222-228. [PMID: 28840475 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence strongly supports the idea that common general anesthetics (GAs) such as isoflurane (Iso) and nitrous oxide (N2O; laughing gas), as well as sedative drugs such as midazolam are neurotoxic for the developing mammalian brain having deleterious effects on neural circuits involved in cognition, learning and memory. However, to date, very little is known about epigenetic mechanisms involved in GA-induced plasticity of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, the main memory-processing region in the brain. Here, we used patch-clamp recordings of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) from hippocampal neurons in slice cultures exposed to the clinically relevant GA combination. We found that in vitro exposure to a combination of midazolam, 0.75% Iso, and 70% N2O for 6 h leads to lasting increase in frequency of mIPSCs, while amplitudes and kinetics of the events were spared. Importantly, co-application of entinostat (MS-275), a selective inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDAC), completely reversed GA-induced synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, when given in vivo to P7 pups exposed to GA with midazolam, Iso and N2O for 6 h, MS-275 reversed GA-induced histone-3 hypoacetylation as shown by an increase in Ac-H3 protein expression in the hippocampus. We conclude that exposure to a combination of Iso with N2O and midazolam causes plasticity of mIPSCs in hippocampal neurons by epigenetic mechanisms that target presynaptic sites. We hypothesize that GA-induced epigenetic alterations in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus may contribute to altered neuronal excitability and consequently abnormal learning and memory later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan M Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hari Prasad Osuru
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Azra Oklopcic
- Clinical Trial Office, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark P Beenhakker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Temperoammonic Stimulation Depotentiates Schaffer Collateral LTP via p38 MAPK Downstream of Adenosine A1 Receptors. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1783-1792. [PMID: 30622168 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1362-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found that low-frequency stimulation of direct temperoammonic (TA) inputs to hippocampal area CA1 depotentiates previously established long-term potentiation in the Schaffer collateral (SC) pathway through complex signaling involving dopamine, endocannabinoids, neuregulin-1, GABA, and adenosine, with adenosine being the most distal modulator identified to date. In the present studies, we examined mechanisms contributing to the effects of adenosine in hippocampal slices from male albino rats. We found that extracellular conversion of ATP to adenosine via an ectonucleotidase contributes significantly to TA-mediated SC depotentiation and the depotentiation resulting from block of adenosine transport. Adenosine-mediated SC depotentiation does not involve activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, serine phosphatases, or nitric oxide synthase, unlike homosynaptic SC depotentiation. Rather, adenosine-induced depotentiation is inhibited by specific antagonists of p38 MAPK, but not by a structural analog that does not inhibit p38. Additionally, using antagonists with relative selectivity for p38 subtypes, it appears that TA-induced SC depotentiation most likely involves p38 MAPK β. These findings have implications for understanding the role of adenosine and other extrahippocampal and intrahippocampal modulators in regulating SC synaptic function and the contributions of these modulators to the cognitive dysfunction associated with neuropsychiatric illnesses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Low-frequency stimulation of temperoammonic (TA) inputs to stratum lacunosum moleculare of hippocampal area CA1 heterosynaptically depotentiates long-term potentiation of Schaffer collateral (SC) synapses. TA-induced SC depotentiation involves complex signaling including dopamine, endocannabinoids, GABA, and adenosine, with adenosine serving as the most downstream messenger in the cascade identified to date. The present results indicate that TA-induced depotentiation requires intact inputs from entorhinal cortex and that adenosine ultimately drives depotentiation via activation of p38 MAPK. These studies have implications for understanding the cognitive dysfunction of psychiatric illnesses and certain abused drugs.
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Piva A, Gerace E, Di Chio M, Osanni L, Padovani L, Caffino L, Fumagalli F, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Chiamulera C. The metaplastic effects of NMDA receptors blockade on reactivation of instrumental memories in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 154:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ogawa K, Suzuki Y, Akimoto T, Shiobara K, Hara M, Morita A, Kamei S, Soma M. Relationship between Cytotoxicity in the Hippocampus and an Abnormal High Intensity Area on the Diffusion-weighted Images of Three Patients with Transient Global Amnesia. Intern Med 2018; 57:2631-2639. [PMID: 29709925 PMCID: PMC6191596 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0251-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective An abnormal high intensity area (HIA) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) indicates the presence of cytotoxic edema and has been reported to be observed in the hippocampus of patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). The appearance of an HIA on DWI is usually delayed after the onset of patients with amnesia in TGA; thus, the significance of the HIA was evaluated in patients with TGA. Methods Three adult TGA patients who had a unilateral HIA on DWI (right, n=2; left, n=1) were enrolled. These patients were hospitalized due to acute-onset amnesia. Amnesia subsided within 24 hours of hospitalization in all three patients. Results The HIA was confined to the upper lateral zone of the body in the unilateral hippocampus where the CA1 region exists. The lesions were confirmed after the improvement of amnesia in the three patients. The location of the lesions corresponded to the watershed area where the upper and lower hippocampal arteries were anastomosed. Conclusion Cytotoxicity caused by glutamate-mediated calcium influx in the neurons of the CA1 region was recently reported in the pathogenesis of TGA. Based on the pathogenesis, the cytotoxicity was considered to have been caused by calcium overload throughout the entire CA1 region, and amnesia occurred due to this cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was more marked in the lesions because of the lower blood flow in the watershed area and was prolonged after the function of the CA1 region (excluding the watershed area) improved, which led to cytotoxic edema in the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ogawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Akimoto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiji Shiobara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Makoto Hara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiko Morita
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamei
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kumar A, Foster TC. Alteration in NMDA Receptor Mediated Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus During Senescence. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:38-48. [PMID: 30209673 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in neurons and glia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), and kainate receptors are major ionotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is strongly linked with Ca2+ homeostasis. Research has provided ample evidence that brain aging is associated with altered glutamatergic neurotransmission and Ca2+ dysregulation. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during senescence. The current review examines Ca2+ regulation with a focus on the NMDA receptors in the hippocampus. Integrating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders including cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100244, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA.
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100244, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA.
- Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Hansen KB, Yi F, Perszyk RE, Furukawa H, Wollmuth LP, Gibb AJ, Traynelis SF. Structure, function, and allosteric modulation of NMDA receptors. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1081-1105. [PMID: 30037851 PMCID: PMC6080888 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hansen et al. review recent structural data that have provided insight into the function and allosteric modulation of NMDA receptors. NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are expressed throughout the CNS and play key physiological roles in synaptic function, such as synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. NMDA receptors are also implicated in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders and more recently have been identified as a locus for disease-associated genomic variation. NMDA receptors exist as a diverse array of subtypes formed by variation in assembly of seven subunits (GluN1, GluN2A-D, and GluN3A-B) into tetrameric receptor complexes. These NMDA receptor subtypes show unique structural features that account for their distinct functional and pharmacological properties allowing precise tuning of their physiological roles. Here, we review the relationship between NMDA receptor structure and function with an emphasis on emerging atomic resolution structures, which begin to explain unique features of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Departments of Neurobiology & Behavior and Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Magerl W, Hansen N, Treede RD, Klein T. The human pain system exhibits higher-order plasticity (metaplasticity). Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 154:112-120. [PMID: 29631001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The human pain system can be bidirectionally modulated by high-frequency (HFS; 100 Hz) and low-frequency (LFS; 1 Hz) electrical stimulation of nociceptors leading to long-term potentiation or depression of pain perception (pain-LTP or pain-LTD). Here we show that priming a test site by very low-frequency stimulation (VLFS; 0.05 Hz) prevented pain-LTP probably by elevating the threshold (set point) for pain-LTP induction. Conversely, prior HFS-induced pain-LTP was substantially reversed by subsequent VLFS, suggesting that preceding HFS had primed the human nociceptive system for pain-LTD induction by VLFS. In contrast, the pain elicited by the pain-LTP-precipitating conditioning HFS stimulation remained unaffected. In aggregate these experiments demonstrate that the human pain system expresses two forms of higher-order plasticity (metaplasticity) acting in either direction along the pain-LTD to pain-LTP continuum with similar shifts in thresholds for LTD and LTP as in synaptic plasticity, indicating intriguing new mechanisms for the prevention of pain memory and the erasure of hyperalgesia related to an already established pain memory trace. There were no apparent gender differences in either pain-LTP or metaplasticity of pain-LTP. However, individual subjects appeared to present with an individual balance of pain-LTD to pain-LTP (a pain plasticity "fingerprint").
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Magerl
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Abstract
Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) has shown early promise as a rapidly acting antidepressant in patients with treatment-resistant major depression and is currently investigated in several clinical trials. Because nitrous oxide is rarely administered outside operating rooms or dental practices, most psychiatrists are not familiar with how nitrous oxide is administered in a medical setting and what regulations guide its use. The goal of this brief review was to educate psychiatrists about the basic concepts of nitrous oxide administration and pharmacology. Furthermore, common misconceptions about nitrous oxide will be discussed.
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Blanco MJ, La D, Coughlin Q, Newman CA, Griffin AM, Harrison BL, Salituro FG. Breakthroughs in neuroactive steroid drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang L, Fu H, Liu B, Liu X, Chen W, Yu X. The effect of postnatal manganese exposure on the NMDA receptor signaling pathway in rat hippocampus. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 29205667 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with neurological disorders in children. Evidence indicated that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling pathway was critical for neurobehavioral function. However, whether NMDA receptor signaling pathway contributes to Mn-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. In this study, newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg of Mn2+ by intraperitoneal injection (n = 10/group: five males and five females). After 3 weeks of Mn exposure, messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. In Mn-exposed rats, decreased mRNA and protein expression of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, CREB, and BDNF was observed. The results imply that downregulated NMDA receptor signaling pathway may be of vital importance in the neuropathological process of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai 200127, China, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - HuanHuan Fu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - XiaoYan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - WeiWei Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai 200127, China, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - XiaoDan Yu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai 200127, China, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Mohlenhoff BS, O'Donovan A, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. Dementia Risk in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: the Relevance of Sleep-Related Abnormalities in Brain Structure, Amyloid, and Inflammation. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:89. [PMID: 29035423 PMCID: PMC5797832 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased risk for dementia, yet mechanisms are poorly understood. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature suggests several potential mechanisms by which sleep impairments might contribute to the increased risk of dementia observed in PTSD. First, molecular, animal, and imaging studies indicate that sleep problems lead to cellular damage in brain structures crucial to learning and memory. Second, recent studies have shown that lack of sleep might precipitate the accumulation of harmful amyloid proteins. Finally, sleep and PTSD are associated with elevated inflammation, which, in turn, is associated with dementia, possibly via cytokine-mediated neural toxicity and reduced neurogenesis. A better understanding of these mechanisms may yield novel treatment approaches to reduce neurodegeneration in PTSD. The authors emphasize the importance of including sleep data in studies of PTSD and cognition and identify next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Mohlenhoff
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street (116P), San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
- Mental Health Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Aoife O'Donovan
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street (116P), San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street (116P), San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
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Bezine M, Debbabi M, Nury T, Ben-Khalifa R, Samadi M, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Vejux A, Raas Q, de Sèze J, Moreau T, El-Ayeb M, Lizard G. Evidence of K+ homeostasis disruption in cellular dysfunction triggered by 7-ketocholesterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol, and tetracosanoic acid (C24:0) in 158N murine oligodendrocytes. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:135-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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