1
|
Lu CJ, Goheen J, Wolman A, Lucherini Angeletti L, Arantes-Gonçalves F, Hirjak D, Wolff A, Northoff G. Scale for time and space experience in anxiety (STEA): Phenomenology and its clinical relevance. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:192-204. [PMID: 38703910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is a pervasive emotional state where, phenomenologically, subjects often report changes in their experience of time and space. However, a systematic and quantified examination of time and space experience in terms of a self-report scale is still missing which eventually could also be used for clinical differential diagnosis. Based on historical phenomenological literature and patients' subjective reports, we here introduce, in a first step, the Scale for Time and Space Experience of Anxiety (STEA) in a smaller sample of 19 subjects with anxiety disorders and, in a second step, validate its shorter clinical version (cSTEA) in a larger sample of 48 anxiety subjects. The main findings are (i) high convergent and divergent validity of STEA with both Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (r = 0.7325; p < 0.001) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (r = 0.7749; p < 0.0001), as well as with spontaneous mind wandering (MWS) (r = 0.7343; p < 0.001) and deliberate mind wandering (MWD) (r = 0.1152; p > 0.05), (ii) statistical feature selection shows 8 key items for future clinical usage (cSTEA) focusing on the experience of temporal and spatial constriction, (iii) the effects of time and space experience (i.e., for both STEA and cSTEA scores) on the level of anxiety (BAI) are mediated by the degree of spontaneous mind wandering (MWS), (iv) cSTEA allows for differentiating high levels of anxiety from the severity of comorbid depressive symptoms, and (v) significant reduction in the cSTEA scores after a therapeutic intervention (breathing therapy). Together, our study introduces a novel fully quantified and highly valid self-report instrument, the STEA, for measuring time-space experiences in anxiety. Further we develop a shorter clinical version (cSTEA) which allows assessing time space experience in a valid, quick, and simple way for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ju Lu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Josh Goheen
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Angelika Wolman
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wolff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Béquet AJ, Jallais C, Quick J, Ndiaye D, Hidalgo-Muñoz AR. Road to serenity: Individual variations in the efficacy of unobtrusive respiratory guidance for driving stress regulation. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 120:104334. [PMID: 38876002 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Stress impacts driving-related cognitive functions like attention and decision-making, and may arise in automated vehicles due to non-driving tasks. Unobtrusive relaxation techniques are needed to regulate stress without distracting from driving. Tactile wearables have shown efficacy in stress regulation through respiratory guidance, but individual variations may affect their efficacy. This study assessed slow-breathing tactile guidance under different stress levels on 85 participants. Physiological, behavioral and subjective data were collected. The influence of individual variations (e.g., driving habits and behavior, personality) using logistic regression analysis was explored. Participants could follow the guidance and adjust breathing while driving, but subjective efficacy depended on individual variations linked to different efficiency in using the technique, in relation with its attentional cost. An influence of factors linked to the evaluation of context criticality was also found. The results suggest that considering individual and contextual variations is crucial in designing and using such techniques in demanding driving contexts. In this line some design recommendations and insights for further studies are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Béquet
- Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport, TS2-LESCOT Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, F-69675, Lyon, France.
| | - C Jallais
- Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport, TS2-LESCOT Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, F-69675, Lyon, France
| | - J Quick
- Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport, TS2-LESCOT Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, F-69675, Lyon, France
| | - D Ndiaye
- Laboratory Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences Applied to Transport, TS2-LESCOT Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon, F-69675, Lyon, France
| | - A R Hidalgo-Muñoz
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mensinger JL, Weissinger GM, Cantrell MA, Baskin R, George C. A Pilot Feasibility Evaluation of a Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback App to Improve Self-Care in COVID-19 Healthcare Workers. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:241-259. [PMID: 38502516 PMCID: PMC11101559 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 exacerbated burnout and mental health concerns among the healthcare workforce. Due to high work stress, demanding schedules made attuned eating behaviors a particularly challenging aspect of self-care for healthcare workers. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) mobile app for improving well-being among healthcare workers reporting elevated disordered eating during COVID-19. We conducted a mixed methods pre-mid-post single-arm pilot feasibility trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04921228). Deductive content analysis of participants' commentary generated qualitative themes. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in pre- mid- to post-assessment scores on well-being outcomes. We consented 28 healthcare workers (25/89% female; 23/82% Non-Hispanic White; 22/79% nurses) to use and evaluate an HRVB mobile app. Of these, 25/89% fully enrolled by attending the app and device training; 23/82% were engaged in all elements of the protocol. Thirteen (52%) completed at least 10 min of HRVB on two-thirds or more study days. Most participants (18/75%) reported being likely or extremely likely to continue HRVB. Common barriers to engagement were busy schedules, fatigue, and technology difficulties. However, participants felt that HRVB helped them relax and connect better to their body's signals and experiences. Results suggested preliminary evidence of efficacy for improving interoceptive sensibility, mindful self-care, body appreciation, intuitive eating, stress, resilience, and disordered eating. HRVB has potential as a low-cost adjunct tool for enhancing well-being in healthcare workers through positively connecting to the body, especially during times of increased stress when attuned eating behavior becomes difficult to uphold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janell L Mensinger
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 1073 Maltz, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA.
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
| | - Guy M Weissinger
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Cantrell
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Baskin
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Cerena George
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luna-Alcala S, Espejel-Guzmán A, Lerma C, Leon P, Guerra EC, Fernández JRE, Martinez-Dominguez P, Serrano-Roman J, Cabello-Ganem A, Aparicio-Ortiz AD, Keirns C, Lerma A, Ana-Bayona MJS, Espinola-Zavaleta N. Heart rate variability-based prediction of early cardiotoxicity in breast-cancer patients treated with anthracyclines and trastuzumab. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38812020 PMCID: PMC11134897 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-024-00236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiotoxicity is a recognized complication in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy with anthracyclines with or without trastuzumab. However, the prognostic value of heart rate variability (HRV) indexes for early cardiotoxicity development remains unknown. METHODS Fifty BC patients underwent TTE assessment before and three months after chemotherapy. HRV indexes were obtained from continuous electrocardiograms in supine position with spontaneous breathing, active standing, and supine position with controlled breathing. The magnitude of change (Δ) between supine-standing and supine-controlled breathing was calculated. Variables were compared using t-test or ANOVA. Cardiotoxicity predictive value was assessed by ROC curve analysis. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS TTE revealed reduced left atrial conduit strain in the cardiotoxicity group. Mean heart rate increased during all maneuvers at follow-up, with no differences in HRV indexes between patients with or without cardiotoxicity. However, a lower Δ in supine-controlled breathing of several HRV indexes predicted early cardiotoxicity identified by echocardiography (e.g. SDNN ≤ -8.44 ms: Sensitivity = 75%, Specificity = 69%). CONCLUSIONS BC patients treated with chemotherapy maintain cardiac autonomic responses to physiological stimuli after 3 months of chemotherapy. However, a lower Δ during active standing and controlled breathing before chemotherapy may predict early cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Luna-Alcala
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Lerma
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Paula Leon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, 09340, México
| | - Enrique C Guerra
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Pavel Martinez-Dominguez
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Javier Serrano-Roman
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Aldo Cabello-Ganem
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Alexis D Aparicio-Ortiz
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Abel Lerma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, 42160, Mexico
| | - Maria Jose Santa Ana-Bayona
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta
- Department of Nuclear Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Colonia Seccion XVI, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
- Department of Echocardiography, ABC Medical Center, I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Girishan Prabhu V, Stanley L, Morgan R, Shirley B. Designing and developing a nature-based virtual reality with heart rate variability biofeedback for surgical anxiety and pain management: evidence from total knee arthroplasty patients. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:738-753. [PMID: 37850735 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2270442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common joint surgeries, with over a million procedures performed annually in the US. Over 70% of patients report moderate to high pain and anxiety surrounding TKA surgery, and 96% are discharged with an opioid prescription. This population requires special attention as approximately 90% of TKA patients are older adults and one of the riskiest groups prone to misusing opioids. This study aimed to develop and compare the efficacy of nature-based virtual reality (VR) with heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVBF) to mitigate surgical pain and anxiety. METHODS This randomized control trial recruited 30 patients (mean age = 66.3 ± 8.2 years, 23 F, 7 M) undergoing TKA surgery and randomly assigned to a control, 2D video with HRVBF, or VR with HRVBF group. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain levels before and after the intervention. In addition, a second VAS and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to measure anxiety before and after the intervention. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was used to continuously measure HRV and respiration rate in preoperative and postoperative settings. RESULTS VR and 2D-video with HRVBF decreased pain and anxiety post-intervention compared with the control group, p's <.01. On analyzing physiological signals, both treatment groups showed greater parasympathetic activity levels, and VR with HRVBF reduced pain more than the 2D video, p < .01. CONCLUSIONS Nature-based VR and 2D video with HRVBF can mitigate surgical pain and anxiety. However, VR may be more efficacious than 2D video in reducing pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Stanley
- Gianforte School of Computing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Robert Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Brayton Shirley
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tisdell EJ, Lukic B, Banerjee R, Liao D, Palmer C. The Effects of Heart Rhythm Meditation on Vagal Tone and Well-being: A Mixed Methods Research Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024:10.1007/s10484-024-09639-0. [PMID: 38605265 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have examined the effects of meditation practice focused on the normal breath on vagal tone with mixed results. Heart Rhythm Meditation (HRM) is a unique meditation form that engages in the deep slow full breath, and puts the focus of attention on the heart. This form of breathing likely stimulates the vagus nerve with greater intensity. The purpose of this study was (a) to examine how the practice of HRM affects vagal activity as measured by heart rate variability (HRV); and (b) to examine how it affects participants' well-being. 74 participants signed consent agreeing to: (a) take a six-week course to learn the practice of HRM; (b) engage in a daily practice for 10 weeks; (c) have their heart rate variability read through ECG technology and to take two validated well-being instruments at the beginning and end of the 10 weeks; and (d) participate in a focus group interview examining their perceptions of how the practice affected their well-being. 48 participants completed the study. Quantitative findings show the effect of the practice of HRM approached significance for multiple measures of HRV and vagal tone. An increase in well-being scores for those who did the meditation more than 10-minutes per day did meet statistical significance. Qualitative data indicate: (a) the positive effects of HRM on stress and well-being; (b) the development of a more expanded sense of self; and (c) an increased awareness of the interconnection of the body-heart-emotions and HRM's role in emotion regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Tisdell
- Adult Education Graduate Programs, Division of Health and Professional Studies, Penn State University, Harrisburg, PA, USA.
| | - Branka Lukic
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Ruhi Banerjee
- Adult Education Graduate Programs, Division of Health and Professional Studies, Penn State University, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Charles Palmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajendran PS, Hadaya J, Khalsa SS, Yu C, Chang R, Shivkumar K. The vagus nerve in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology: From evolutionary insights to clinical medicine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:190-200. [PMID: 36641366 PMCID: PMC10336178 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The parasympathetic nervous system via the vagus nerve exerts profound influence over the heart. Together with the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for fine-tuned regulation of all aspects of cardiovascular function, including heart rate, rhythm, contractility, and blood pressure. In this review, we highlight vagal efferent and afferent innervation of the heart, with a focus on insights from comparative biology and advances in understanding the molecular and genetic diversity of vagal neurons, as well as interoception, parasympathetic dysfunction in heart disease, and the therapeutic potential of targeting the parasympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Ok, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Ok, USA
| | - Chuyue Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thoen A, Alaerts K, Prinsen J, Steyaert J, Van Damme T. The Physiological and Clinical-Behavioral Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in Adolescents with Autism: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024:10.1007/s10484-024-09638-1. [PMID: 38491260 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents with autism present lower levels of cardiac vagal modulation. It was hypothesized that Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) increases cardiac vagal modulation in adolescents with autism, resulting in positive effects on physiological and psychosocial parameters. It was also hypothesized that home-based HRVB training is feasible. In a single-blind, randomized sham-controlled pilot trial, adolescents with autism performed supervised HRVB (n = 24) or sham training (n = 20). Subsequently, half of the adolescents received HRVB training at home, whereas the other subset did not practice. Physiological, cortisol and behavioral data were collected during stress-provoking assessments before and after each training period. Supervised HRVB resulted in a late increase in cardiac vagal modulation in adolescents with autism. Heart rate increased and cortisol decreased significantly immediately after supervised HRVB, but none of these effects remained after follow-up. Following supervised HRVB, no significant change in psychosocial functioning was found. Home-based HRVB was feasible, adolescents reported lower symptoms of stress, but a significant decrease in compliance rate was found. HRVB is feasible and effective in adolescents with autism given the late-emerging increases in cardiac vagal modulation and decrease in stress symptoms. Replicating this study with a larger sample and further exploration of the working mechanisms of HRVB are recommended. ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04628715.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoushka Thoen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Adapted Physical Activity and Psychomotor Rehabilitation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - box 1510, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Kaat Alaerts
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 - box 1501, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jellina Prinsen
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 - box 1501, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jean Steyaert
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Child Psychiatry, UPC KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group of Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7h - box 7001, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Tine Van Damme
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Adapted Physical Activity and Psychomotor Rehabilitation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - box 1510, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Child Psychiatry, UPC KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Herring MP, Meyer JD. Resistance exercise for anxiety and depression: efficacy and plausible mechanisms. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:204-206. [PMID: 38296721 PMCID: PMC11164541 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders are prevalent and poorly treated. The salutary benefits of resistance exercise training (RET), a potential alternative therapy, are well established, but mental health effects are understudied. This forum article summarizes the most rigorous evidence regarding efficacy of resistance exercise and provides a primer for putative psychobiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Herring
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute and Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Jacob D Meyer
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
You M, Laborde S, Ackermann S, Borges U, Dosseville F, Mosley E. Influence of Respiratory Frequency of Slow-Paced Breathing on Vagally-Mediated Heart Rate Variability. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:133-143. [PMID: 38063977 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Breathing techniques, particularly slow-paced breathing (SPB), have gained popularity among athletes due to their potential to enhance performance by increasing cardiac vagal activity (CVA), which in turn can help manage stress and regulate emotions. However, it is still unclear whether the frequency of SPB affects its effectiveness in increasing CVA. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a brief SPB intervention (i.e., 5 min) on CVA using heart rate variability (HRV) measurement as an index. A total of 75 athletes (22 female; Mage = 22.32; age range = 19-31) participated in the study, attending one lab session where they performed six breathing exercises, including SPB at different frequencies (5 cycles per minute (cpm), 5.5 cpm, 6 cpm, 6.5 cpm, 7 cpm), and a control condition of spontaneous breathing. The study found that CVA was significantly higher in all SPB conditions compared to the control condition, as indexed by both root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) and low-frequency HRV (LF-HRVms2). Interestingly, LF-HRVms2 was more sensitive in differentiating the respiratory frequencies than RMSSD. These results suggest that SPB at a range of 5 cpm to 7 cpm can be an effective method to increase CVA and potentially improve stress management and emotion regulation in athletes. This short SPB exercise can be a simple yet useful tool for athletes to use during competitive scenarios and short breaks in competitions. Overall, these findings highlight the potential benefits of incorporating SPB into athletes' training and competition routines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- School of Teacher Education, University of Weifang, Weifang, China.
- UFR Psychologie, UR 3918 CERREV, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14032, France.
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS, UR 7480 VERTEX, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14032, France
| | - Stefan Ackermann
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uirassu Borges
- Department of Health & Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabrice Dosseville
- UFR STAPS, UR 7480 VERTEX, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14032, France
- CNDAPS, Colombelles, F-14460, France
| | - Emma Mosley
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, School of Sport, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lörinczi F, Vanderka M, Lörincziová D, Kushkestani M. Nose vs. mouth breathing- acute effect of different breathing regimens on muscular endurance. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:42. [PMID: 38336799 PMCID: PMC10858538 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the way we breathe (whether through the nose or mouth) can influence many aspects of our health and to some extent, sport performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of different breathing regimens on muscular endurance and physiological variables. METHODS A randomized experiment to verify the acute effect of different breathing regimens (NN- inhaling and exhaling through the nose; NM- inhaling through the nose, exhaling through the mouth; MM- inhaling and exhaling through the mouth) on the muscular endurance performance was conducted. 107 physically active college students (68 males, 39 females) performed repeated bench press testing protocol (repetitions to failure (RTF) with 60% of body weight for males (BP60), respectively 40% of body weight for females (BP40)) with various breathing regimens (NN, NM, MM) in random order. Heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and perceived exertion by Borg scale (RPE) were measured as well. A short questionnaire, given after the testing protocol and observation during familiarization, was used to detect each subject's normal breathing approach during resistance training. RESULTS In both genders, no significant differences in RTF, RPE and SpO2 were found. No individual case of deviation of arterial oxygen saturation outside the physiological norm was recorded. In the male group, significantly lower HR values were found during the NN trials, compared to during the NM (p = 0.033) and MM (p = 0.047) trials with no significant differences in females. The HR differences in the males demonstrated a small effect size (NN < NM, d = 0.32; NN < MM, d = 0.30). Questionnaire results suggest that 80% of our participants use NM breathing, 15% use MM breathing and 5% use NN breathing during resistance training. CONCLUSION It seems, that various breathing regimens have none or only minor effect on muscular endurance performance and selected physiological parameters. NN seems to be as efficient as other two regimens, which are mostly used in practice (NM, MM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- František Lörinczi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Vanderka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kulakova E, Graumann L, Cho AB, Deuter CE, Wolf OT, Roepke S, Otte C, Wingenfeld K. Evidence of deviant parasympathetic response to social exclusion in women with borderline personality disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:129-138. [PMID: 37650962 PMCID: PMC10786993 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Stressful social situations like social exclusion are particularly challenging for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and often lead to dysfunctional reactive behaviour of aggression and withdrawal. The autonomous signature of these core symptoms of BPD remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the parasympathetic response to social exclusion in women with BPD (n = 62) and healthy controls (HC; n = 87). In a between-subjects design, participants experienced objective social exclusion or overinclusion in the Cyberball task, a virtual ball-tossing game. Need threat scores served as individual measures of perceived exclusion and the resulting frustration of cognitive-emotional needs. Five-minute measurements of high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) at three time points (before, during, after Cyberball) indicated parasympathetic tone and regulation. We observed a trend towards lowered baseline HF-HRV in BPD vs. HC in line with previous findings. Interestingly, the parasympathetic response of patients with BPD to objective and perceived social exclusion fundamentally differed from HC: higher exclusion was associated with increased parasympathetic activation in HC, while this autonomic response was reversed and blunted in BPD. Our findings suggest that during social stress, the parasympathetic nervous system fails to display an adaptive regulation in patients with BPD, but not HC. Understanding the autonomous signature of the stress response in BPD allows the formulation of clinically relevant and biologically plausible interventions to counteract parasympathetic dysregulation in this clinical group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Kulakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Livia Graumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - An Bin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Eric Deuter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Houston AD, Brunger H, White T, Ellis H, Dharm-Datta S, Brockman K, Ladlow P. Introducing heart rate variability technology into the UK defence mild traumatic brain injury service. BMJ Mil Health 2024; 170:78-79. [PMID: 35584851 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2022-002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Houston
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - H Brunger
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - T White
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - H Ellis
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Dharm-Datta
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - K Brockman
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - P Ladlow
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Merlin Q, Vacher P, Mourot L, Levillain G, Martinent G, Nicolas M. Psychophysiological Effects of Slow-Paced Breathing on Adolescent Swimmers' Subjective Performance, Recovery States, and Control Perception. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:23. [PMID: 38390923 PMCID: PMC10885016 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a Slow-Paced Breath (i.e., 6 breaths per minute) without Biofeedback (SPB-NoHRVB) protocol on semi-elite adolescent swimmers' psychological and physiological states during a seven-week ecological training period. A linear mixed-effects multilevel regression analysis approach was used with 13 adolescent national-level swimmers. Athletes were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 7) and a control group (n = 6). Seven waves of assessments were completed weekly during a seven-week training preparation in ecological conditions. During the protocol, swimmers completed subjective quantitative measures (RESTQ-36-R-Sport; cognitive perceived stress and control states about the training process, training subjective performance, and subjective internal training load) and physiological heart rate (HR) (HR of exercise, absolute and normalized HR recovery during the first 60 s of recovery; HRR60 and nHRR60) and heart rate variability (HRV) (MeanRR, RMSSD, LFnu and HFnu, LF/HF ration) tests (through a submaximal heart rate (5'-5' test) once a week. Results revealed that the SPB-NoHRVB protocol significantly predicts biopsychosocial recovery states, cognitive perception of control, and training subjective performance (i.e., a significant effect of the SPB-NoHRVB protocol with the dependent variables simple time trajectories). However, no significant effects were found for biopsychosocial stress scales, cognitively perceived stress, HR, or HRV markers. Our results suggest that SPB-NoHRVB induces simple evolutions over time for crucial variables in athletes' adaptation to the training process (i.e., cognitive appraisals and biopsychosocial states). In contrast, it highlights that SPB-NoHRVB does not induce better stress states. This specific effect on the resource component is an exciting result that will be discussed in the manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Merlin
- Laboratory Psy-DREPI (EA 7458), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Vacher
- Research Center for Education Learning and Didactics (EA 3875), Faculty of Sports Science, University Brest, 29200 Brest, France
- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme de Bretagne, Fe, MSHB, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Mourot
- SINERGIES, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Plateforme Exercice Performance Santé Innovation, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Guillaume Levillain
- Research Center for Education Learning and Didactics (EA 3875), Faculty of Sports Science, University Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Guillaume Martinent
- Laboratory L-VIS (EA 7428), University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69200 Lyon, France
| | - Michel Nicolas
- Laboratory Psy-DREPI (EA 7458), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laborde S, Wanders J, Mosley E, Javelle F. Influence of physical post-exercise recovery techniques on vagally-mediated heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:14-35. [PMID: 37754676 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In sports, physical recovery following exercise-induced fatigue is mediated via the reactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). A noninvasive way to quantify the reactivation of the PNS is to assess vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), which can then be used as an index of physical recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of physical recovery techniques following exercise-induced fatigue on vmHRV, specifically via the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Randomized controlled trials from the databases PubMed, WebOfScience, and SportDiscus were included. Twenty-four studies were part of the systematic review and 17 were included in the meta-analysis. Using physical post-exercise recovery techniques displayed a small to moderate positive effect on RMSSD (k = 22, Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20-0.61, p = 0.04) with moderate heterogeneity. In the subgroup analyses, cold water immersion displayed a moderate to large positive effect (g = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.42-1.07) compared with none for other techniques. For exercise type, physical recovery techniques performed after resistance exercise (g = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.89) demonstrated a larger positive effect than after cardiovascular intermittent (g = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.06-0.97), while physical recovery techniques performed after cardiovascular continuous exercise had no effect. No significant subgroup differences for training status and exercise intensity were observed. Overall, physical post-exercise recovery techniques can accelerate PNS reactivation as indexed by vmHRV, but the effectiveness varies with the technique and exercise type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Jannik Wanders
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emma Mosley
- Solent University Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Florian Javelle
- NeuroPsychoImmunology Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schoffl J, Arora M, Pozzato I, McBain C, Rodrigues D, Vafa E, Middleton J, Davis GM, Gustin SM, Bourke J, Kifley A, Krassioukov AV, Cameron ID, Craig A. Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in Adults with a Spinal Cord Injury: A Laboratory Framework and Case Series. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7664. [PMID: 38137732 PMCID: PMC10743967 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-F) is a neurocardiac self-regulation therapy that aims to regulate cardiac autonomic nervous system activity and improve cardiac balance. Despite benefits in various clinical populations, no study has reported the effects of HRV-F in adults with a spinal cord injury (SCI). This article provides an overview of a neuropsychophysiological laboratory framework and reports the impact of an HRV-F training program on two adults with chronic SCI (T1 AIS A and T3 AIS C) with different degrees of remaining cardiac autonomic function. The HRV-F intervention involved 10 weeks of face-to-face and telehealth sessions with daily HRV-F home practice. Physiological (HRV, blood pressure variability (BPV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)), and self-reported assessments (Fatigue Severity Scale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Appraisal of Disability and Participation Scale, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale) were conducted at baseline and 10 weeks. Participants also completed weekly diaries capturing mood, anxiety, pain, sleep quality, fatigue, and adverse events. Results showed some improvement in HRV, BPV, and BRS. Additionally, participants self-reported some improvements in mood, fatigue, pain, quality of life, and self-perception. A 10-week HRV-F intervention was feasible in two participants with chronic SCI, warranting further investigation into its autonomic and psychosocial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Schoffl
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Mohit Arora
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Ilaria Pozzato
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Candice McBain
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Dianah Rodrigues
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Elham Vafa
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - James Middleton
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Glen M. Davis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Sylvia Maria Gustin
- NeuroRecovery Research Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- The Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John Bourke
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Annette Kifley
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Andrei V. Krassioukov
- ICORD, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Ian D. Cameron
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Ashley Craig
- John Walsh Centre Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (M.A.); (I.P.); (C.M.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (J.M.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (I.D.C.); (A.C.)
- The Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fincham GW, Strauss C, Cavanagh K. Effect of coherent breathing on mental health and wellbeing: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22141. [PMID: 38092805 PMCID: PMC10719279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breathwork may offer simple tools for stress resilience. We conducted the largest parallel randomised-controlled trial on breathwork to date (NCT05676658) wherein 400 participants on the research platform Prolific were randomised, in blocks of 2 via remote software, to coherent breathing at ~ 5.5 breaths/min or a matched attention-placebo at 12 breaths/min, for ~ 10 min/day over 4 weeks. Participants were blinded to their allocated interventions, both of which were paced with equal inhalation:exhalation ratios. There were no differences on credibility and expectancy of benefit between conditions. At the primary timepoint post-intervention for the primary outcome subjective stress, there was no significant group by time interaction (F(1,377) = 0.089, p = 0.765, ηp2 < 0.001) nor main effect of group (F = 0.002, p = 0.961, ηp2 < 0.001), however there was a significant main effect of time (F = 72.1, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.161). Similar results were found at 1-month follow-up for stress and for secondary outcomes of anxiety, depression and wellbeing. There were overall improvements on these mental health and wellbeing outcomes from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up across both groups, yet the magnitude of this improvement was not different between arms. Accordingly, we found no measurable effect of coherent breathing over and above a well-designed breathwork placebo at improving mental health and wellbeing. Methodological considerations and recommendations for robust future research are discussed. Funder: Sasakawa Young Leaders Fellowship Fund, Tokyo, Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy W Fincham
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Clara Strauss
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Kate Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vondrasek JD, Riemann BL, Grosicki GJ, Flatt AA. Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9496. [PMID: 38067869 PMCID: PMC10708620 DOI: 10.3390/s23239496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Slow-paced breathing is a clinical intervention used to increase heart rate variability (HRV). The practice is made more accessible via cost-free smartphone applications like Elite HRV. We investigated whether Elite HRV can accurately measure and augment HRV via its slow-paced breathing feature. Twenty young adults completed one counterbalanced cross-over protocol involving 10 min each of supine spontaneous (SPONT) and paced (PACED; 6 breaths·min-1) breathing while RR intervals were simultaneously recorded via a Polar H10 paired with Elite HRV and reference electrocardiography (ECG). Individual differences in HRV between devices were predominately skewed, reflecting a tendency for Elite HRV to underestimate ECG-derived values. Skewness was typically driven by a limited number of outliers as median bias values were ≤1.3 ms and relative agreement was ≥very large for time-domain parameters. Despite no significant bias and ≥large relative agreement for frequency-domain parameters, limits of agreement (LOAs) were excessively wide and tended to be wider during PACED for all HRV parameters. PACED significantly increased low-frequency power (LF) for Elite HRV and ECG, and between-condition differences showed very large relative agreement. Elite HRV-guided slow-paced breathing effectively increased LF values, but it demonstrated greater precision during SPONT and in computing time-domain HRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Vondrasek
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong), 11935 Abercorn St., Savannah, GA 31419, USA; (B.L.R.); (G.J.G.); (A.A.F.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blaser BL, Weymar M, Wendt J. The effect of a single-session heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control: does stress matter? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1292983. [PMID: 38034309 PMCID: PMC10687403 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1292983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vagally mediated heart rate variability is an index of autonomic nervous system activity that is associated with a large variety of outcome variables including psychopathology and self-regulation. While practicing heart rate variability biofeedback over several weeks has been reliably associated with a number of positive outcomes, its acute effects are not well known. As the strongest association with vagally mediated heart rate variability has been found particularly within the attention-related subdomain of self-regulation, we investigated the acute effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control using the revised Attention Network Test. Methods Fifty-six participants were tested in two sessions. In one session each participant received a heart rate variability biofeedback intervention, and in the other session a control intervention of paced breathing at a normal ventilation rate. After the biofeedback or control intervention, participants completed the Attention Network Test using the Orienting Score as a measure of attentional control. Results Mixed models revealed that higher resting baseline vagally mediated heart rate variability was associated with better performance in attentional control, which suggests more efficient direction of attention to target stimuli. There was no significant main effect of the intervention on attentional control. However, an interaction effect indicated better performance in attentional control after biofeedback in individuals who reported higher current stress levels. Discussion The results point to acute beneficial effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on cognitive performance in highly stressed individuals. Although promising, the results need to be replicated in larger or more targeted samples in order to reach stronger conclusions about the effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berenike L. Blaser
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Wendt
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shank LM, Grace V, Delgado J, Batchelor P, de Raadt St James A, Sundaresan A, Bouchedid L. The impact of a guided paced breathing audiovisual intervention on anxiety symptoms in Palestinian children: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023; 28:473-480. [PMID: 36575823 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in Palestine may be at high risk for anxiety symptoms. However, access to mental health services is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to examine whether a guided audiovisual paced breathing intervention was feasible, acceptable, and improved anxiety symptoms in Palestinian children. METHODS Students (6-10 years old) in an after-school program in Palestine were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. All participants completed a pre- and post-intervention measure of anxiety using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Participants in the intervention completed 24 sessions over 8 weeks and rated breathing ease as well as pre- and post-session relaxation on a 5-point Likert scale. To examine condition differences in post-intervention anxiety, four analyses of covariance were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, and pre-intervention anxiety. RESULTS A total of 144 participants (65.3% girls; Mage = 7.5 ± 1.2; 50% per condition) enrolled in the study. There were no differences in demographics or baseline anxiety between the two conditions (ps > .05). Participants reported that it was easy to breathe during the sessions (Ms = 4.1-4.7, SDs = 0.5-1.1). For all but the first session, participants reported being more relaxed after the breathing session than before (ps < .003). Post-intervention, participants in the intervention reported fewer anxiety symptoms compared to participants in the control condition (ps < .01). CONCLUSION A guided paced breathing audiovisual intervention was feasible and had a significant positive impact on anxiety symptoms in Palestinian children compared to a control condition. Future research should examine whether the audiovisual guided breathing intervention significantly improves long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lara Bouchedid
- The Middle East Children's Institute, Deir Ghassaneh Women's Society Building, Bani Zeid al-Gharbia, Ramallah, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schoffl J, Pozzato I, Rodrigues D, Arora M, Craig A. Pulse rate variability: An alternative to heart rate variability in adults with spinal cord injury. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14356. [PMID: 37287336 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulse rate variability (PRV) is often used as an alternative to heart rate variability (HRV) to measure psychophysiological function. However, its validity to do so is unclear, especially in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study compared PRV and HRV in adults with higher-level SCI (SCI-H, n = 23), lower-level SCI (SCI-L, n = 22), and able-bodied participants (AB n = 44), in a seated position as a function of performance in a reactivity task (Oxford Sleep Resistance Test: OSLER). PRV and HRV was measured using reflective finger-based photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiography, respectively, at baseline, immediately post-OSLER, and after five-minute recovery. Agreement between PRV and HRV was determined by Bland-Altman analysis and differences between PRV and HRV over time by linear mixed effects model (LMM) analysis. Concurrent validity was assessed through correlation analyses between PRV and HRV. Additional correlation analyses were performed with psychosocial factors. Results indicated insufficient to moderate agreement between PRV and HRV. LMM analyses indicated no differences over time for standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals and low-frequency power but significant differences for root mean square of successive differences and high frequency power. Nevertheless, PRV and HRV were highly correlated (Median r = .878 (.675-.990)) during all assessment periods suggesting sufficient concurrent validity. Similar correlation patterns were also found for PRV and HRV with psychosocial outcomes. While differences existed, results suggest PRV derived from reflective finger-based PPG is a valid proxy of HRV in tracking psychophysiological function in adults with SCI and could therefore be used as a more accessible monitoring tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Schoffl
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ilaria Pozzato
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianah Rodrigues
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohit Arora
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley Craig
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Engelen T, Solcà M, Tallon-Baudry C. Interoceptive rhythms in the brain. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1670-1684. [PMID: 37697110 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensing internal bodily signals, or interoception, is fundamental to maintain life. However, interoception should not be viewed as an isolated domain, as it interacts with exteroception, cognition and action to ensure the integrity of the organism. Focusing on cardiac, respiratory and gastric rhythms, we review evidence that interoception is anatomically and functionally intertwined with the processing of signals from the external environment. Interactions arise at all stages, from the peripheral transduction of interoceptive signals to sensory processing and cortical integration, in a network that extends beyond core interoceptive regions. Interoceptive rhythms contribute to functions ranging from perceptual detection up to sense of self, or conversely compete with external inputs. Renewed interest in interoception revives long-standing issues on how the brain integrates and coordinates information in distributed regions, by means of oscillatory synchrony, predictive coding or multisensory integration. Considering interoception and exteroception in the same framework paves the way for biological modes of information processing specific to living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahnée Engelen
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Solcà
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ghibaudo V, Granget J, Dereli M, Buonviso N, Garcia S. A Unifying Method to Study Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Dynamics Implemented in a New Toolbox. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0197-23.2023. [PMID: 37848290 PMCID: PMC10614108 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0197-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), the natural variation in heart rate synchronized with respiration, has been extensively studied in emotional and cognitive contexts. Various time or frequency-based methods using the cardiac signal have been proposed to analyze RSA. In this study, we present a novel approach that combines respiratory phase and heart rate to enable a more detailed analysis of RSA and its dynamics throughout the respiratory cycle. To facilitate the application of this method, we have implemented it in an open-source Python toolbox called physio This toolbox includes essential functionalities for processing electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiratory signals, while also introducing this new approach for RSA analysis. Inspired by previous research conducted by our group, this method enables a cycle-by-cycle analysis of RSA providing the possibility to correlate any respiratory feature to any RSA feature. By employing this approach, we aim to gain a more accurate understanding of the neural mechanisms associated with RSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jules Granget
- Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, Lyon, 69500, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Matthias Dereli
- Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, Lyon, 69500, France
| | - Nathalie Buonviso
- Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, Lyon, 69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyon, 69500, France
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, Lyon, 69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyon, 69500, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oswald V, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Annen J, Martial C, Bicego A, Rousseaux F, Sombrun C, Harel Y, Faymonville ME, Laureys S, Jerbi K, Gosseries O. Autonomic nervous system modulation during self-induced non-ordinary states of consciousness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15811. [PMID: 37737222 PMCID: PMC10516905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-induced cognitive trance (SICT) is a voluntary non-ordinary state of consciousness characterized by a lucid yet narrowed awareness of the external surroundings. It involves a hyper-focused immersive experience of flow, expanded inner imagery, modified somatosensory processing, and an altered perception of self and time. SICT is gaining attention due to its potential clinical applications. Similar states of non-ordinary state of consciousness, such as meditation, hypnosis, and psychedelic experiences, have been reported to induce changes in the autonomic nervous system. However, the functioning of the autonomic nervous system during SICT remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of SICT on the cardiac and respiratory signals of 25 participants proficient in SICT. To accomplish this, we measured various metrics of heart rate variability (HRV) and respiration rate variability (RRV) in three conditions: resting state, SICT, and a mental imagery task. Subsequently, we employed a machine learning framework utilizing a linear discriminant analysis classifier and a cross-validation scheme to identify the features that exhibited the best discrimination between these three conditions. The results revealed that during SICT, participants experienced an increased heart rate and a decreased level of high-frequency (HF) HRV compared to the control conditions. Additionally, specific increases in respiratory amplitude, phase ratio, and RRV were observed during SICT in comparison to the other conditions. These findings suggest that SICT is associated with a reduction in parasympathetic activity, indicative of a hyperarousal state of the autonomic nervous system during SICT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Oswald
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Département, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Interdisciplinary Algology Center, CHU, University Hospital of Liège, B35, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jitka Annen
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aminata Bicego
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Floriane Rousseaux
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Yann Harel
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Département, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Faymonville
- Interdisciplinary Algology Center, CHU, University Hospital of Liège, B35, Liège, Belgium
- Arsène Burny Center, Hospital of Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, Hospital of Liège University, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- CERVO Research Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karim Jerbi
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Département, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Centre du Cerveau, Hospital of Liège University, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yoon H, Choi SH. Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation to Guide Respiration: Preliminary Study to Evaluate the Effect on Time Spent in Sleep Initiation during a Nap. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6468. [PMID: 37514760 PMCID: PMC10386535 DOI: 10.3390/s23146468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Various stimulation systems to modulate sleep structure and function have been introduced. However, studies on the time spent in sleep initiation (TSSI) are limited. This study proposes a closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) to gradually modulate respiratory rhythm linked to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity directly associated with sleep. CLAS is continuously updated to reflect the individual's current respiratory frequency and pattern. Six participants took naps on different days with and without CLAS. The average values of the TSSI are 14.00 ± 4.24 and 9.67 ± 5.31 min in the control and stimulation experiments (p < 0.03), respectively. Further, the values of respiratory instability and heart rate variability differ significantly between the control and stimulation experiments. Based on our findings, CLAS supports the individuals to gradually modulate their respiratory rhythms to have similar characteristics observed near sleep initiation, and the changed respiratory rhythms influence ANS activities, possibly influencing sleep initiation. Our approach aims to modulate the respiratory rhythm, which can be controlled intentionally. Therefore, this method can probably be used for sleep initiation and daytime applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heenam Yoon
- Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sánchez-Solís AM, Peláez-Hernández V, Santiago-Fuentes LM, Luna-Rodríguez GL, Reyes-Lagos JJ, Orea-Tejeda A. Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:874. [PMID: 37372218 DOI: 10.3390/e25060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Most COVID-19 survivors report experiencing at least one persistent symptom after recovery, including sympathovagal imbalance. Relaxation techniques based on slow-paced breathing have proven to be beneficial for cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with various diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the cardiorespiratory dynamics by linear and nonlinear analysis of photoplethysmographic and respiratory time series on COVID-19 survivors under a psychophysiological assessment that includes slow-paced breathing. We analyzed photoplethysmographic and respiratory signals of 49 COVID-19 survivors to assess breathing rate variability (BRV), pulse rate variability (PRV), and pulse-respiration quotient (PRQ) during a psychophysiological assessment. Additionally, a comorbidity-based analysis was conducted to evaluate group changes. Our results indicate that all BRV indices significantly differed when performing slow-paced breathing. Nonlinear parameters of PRV were more appropriate for identifying changes in breathing patterns than linear indices. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of PRQ exhibited a significant increase while sample and fuzzy entropies decreased during diaphragmatic breathing. Thus, our findings suggest that slow-paced breathing may improve the cardiorespiratory dynamics of COVID-19 survivors in the short term by enhancing cardiorespiratory coupling via increased vagal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viridiana Peláez-Hernández
- Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Mercedes Santiago-Fuentes
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico
- Health Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | | | - José Javier Reyes-Lagos
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico
| | - Arturo Orea-Tejeda
- Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tian QQ, Cheng C, Liu PH, Yin ZX, Zhang MK, Cui YP, Zhao R, Deng H, Lu LM, Tang CZ, Xu NG, Yang XJ, Sun JB, Qin W. Combined effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and 0.1 Hz slow-paced breathing on working memory. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1133964. [PMID: 36968483 PMCID: PMC10034029 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1133964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrevious research has found that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can improve working memory (WM) performance. It has also been shown that 0.1 Hz slow-paced breathing (SPB, i.e., breathing at a rate of approximately 6 breaths/min) can significantly influence physical state and cognitive function via changes in autonomic afferent activity. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic effects of taVNS and SPB on WM performance.MethodsA total of 96 healthy people participated in this within-subjects experiment involving four conditions, namely taVNS, SPB, combined taVNS with SPB (taVNS + SPB), and sham. Each participant underwent each intervention for 30 min and WM was compared pre- and post-intervention using the spatial and digit n-back tasks in a random order four times. Permutation-based analysis of variance was used to assess the interaction between time and intervention.ResultsFor the spatial 3-back task, a significant interaction between time and intervention was found for the accuracy rate of matching trials (mACC, p = 0.03). Post hoc analysis suggested that both taVNS and taVNS + SPB improved WM performance, however, no significant difference was found in the SPB or sham groups.ConclusionThis study has replicated the effects of taVNS on WM performance reported in previous studies. However, the synergistic effects of combined taVNS and SPB warrant further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Tian
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Hui Liu
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi-Xin Yin
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Kai Zhang
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Peng Cui
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Gui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Juan Yang
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xue-Juan Yang,
| | - Jin-Bo Sun
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Bo Sun,
| | - Wei Qin
- Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Slow breathing for reducing stress: The effect of extending exhale. Complement Ther Med 2023; 73:102937. [PMID: 36871835 PMCID: PMC10395759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Slow breathing techniques are commonly used to reduce stress. While it is believed by mind-body practitioners that extending the exhale time relative to inhale increases relaxation, this has not been demonstrated. METHODS We conducted a 12-week randomized, single-blinded trial among 100 participants to compare if yoga-based slow breathing with an exhale greater inhale versus an exhale equals inhale produces measurable differences in physiological and psychological stress among healthy adults. RESULTS Participants mean individual instruction attendance was 10.7 ± 1.5 sessions out of 12 offered sessions. The mean weekly home practice was 4.8 ± 1.2 practices per week. There was no statistical difference between treatment groups for frequency of class attendance, home practice, or achieved slow breathing respiratory rate. Participants demonstrated fidelity to assigned breath ratios with home practice as measured by remote biometric assessments through smart garments (HEXOSKIN). Regular slow breathing practice for 12 weeks significantly reduced psychological stress as measured by PROMIS Anxiety (-4.85 S.D. ± 5.53, confidence interval [-5.60, -3.00], but not physiological stress as measured by heart rate variability. Group comparisons showed small effect size differences (d = 0.2) with further reductions in psychological stress and physiological stress from baseline to 12 weeks for exhale greater than inhale versus exhale equals inhale, however these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION While slow breathing significantly reduces psychological stress, breath ratios do not have a significant differential effect on stress reduction among healthy adults.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ackermann SP, Raab M, Backschat S, Smith DJC, Javelle F, Laborde S. The diving response and cardiac vagal activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14183. [PMID: 36219506 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This article aimed to synthesize the various triggers of the diving response and to perform a meta-analysis assessing their effects on cardiac vagal activity. The protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42021231419; 01.07.2021). A systematic and meta-analytic review of cardiac vagal activity was conducted, indexed with the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in the context of the diving response. The search on MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, ProQuest and PsycNet was finalized on November 6th, 2021. Studies with human participants were considered, measuring RMSSD pre- and during and/or post-exposure to at least one trigger of the diving response. Seventeen papers (n = 311) met inclusion criteria. Triggers examined include face immersion or cooling, SCUBA diving, and total body immersion into water. Compared to resting conditions, a significant moderate to large positive effect was found for RMSSD during exposure (Hedges' g = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.82, p < .001), but not post-exposure (g = 0.11, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.36, p = .34). Among the considered moderators, total body immersion had a significantly larger effect than forehead cooling (QM = 23.46, df = 1, p < .001). No further differences were detected. Limitations were the small number of studies included, heterogenous triggers, few participants and low quality of evidence. Further research is needed to investigate the role of cardiac sympathetic activity and of the moderators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Peter Ackermann
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Raab
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Serena Backschat
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David John Charles Smith
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,UFR STAPS, EA 4260, Cesams, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Onanga M, Joanny S, Rivals I, Perger E, Arnulf I, Redolfi S, Sevoz-Couche C. Screening of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by the deep breathing technique. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:293-302. [PMID: 36148620 PMCID: PMC9892745 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with alterations in heart rate variability (HRV) in relation to chronic autonomic dysfunction. We tested the ability of the deep breathing technique-a simple way to evaluate HRV-to identify patients with OSAS. METHODS Consecutive patients referred for suspected OSAS (without obesity, diabetes, and heart diseases) were included. They underwent a measure of HRV at rest and of heart rate oscillations during expiration vs inspiration (DeltaHRDB) when breathing deeply at the resonant frequency of 6 cycles per minute (deep breathing technique) while sitting awake, followed by a nighttime polysomnography. We measured DeltaHRDB and performed temporal and spectral HRV analysis. RESULTS Of 31 included participants (77% male), 14 had mild to moderate OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index median [IQR]: 18 [12]) and 17 had no OSAS. The conventional HRV analysis did not reveal any difference between the groups with vs without OSAS. However, the DeltaHRDB was lower in those with than without OSAS. Lower DeltaHRDB correlated with higher apnea-hypopnea index, arousal index, and desaturation degree. A DeltaHRDB below 11 beats per minute (bpm) predicted OSAS with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86%. CONCLUSIONS The deep breathing technique accurately identifies a reduction in cardiac changes in patients with mild to moderate OSAS. It could be used as a simple screening tool to select patients for polysomnography. CITATION Onanga M, Joanny S, Rivals I, et al. Screening of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by the deep breathing technique. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(2):293-302.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mwetty Onanga
- Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP–Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Paris, France
| | - Sarah Joanny
- Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP–Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Equipe de Statistique Appliquée, École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI), Paris, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Perger
- Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP–Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP–Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Paris, France
| | - Stefania Redolfi
- Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP–Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Sevoz-Couche
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Minjoz S, Ottaviani E, Phalempin V, Barathon G, Pellissier S, Hot P. Reducing decision-making deficits in patients with brain injury: effect of slow-paced breathing. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36645323 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2166838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in decision-making have been reported in brain-damaged (stroke/traumatic brain injury) patients with a wide range of lesion sites. Here, we propose that the performances of patients in complex sequential decision-making (DM) tasks can be explained by their negative affectivity, leading to deliberative processing associated with poor DM performances. We assumed that a slow-paced breathing (SPB) training, by reducing negative affectivity would improve performances in a complex DM task. For 24 days, 34 brain-damaged patients (16 males and 18 females; 12 had a hemorrhagic stroke, 17 with an ischemic stroke and 5 with a TBI), practiced either daily SPB or sham trainings for five min, three times a day. Before and after training, we assessed their vagal tone (electrocardiogram-ECG), affectivity (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-PANAS) and certainty level (Dimensional Ratings Questionnaire-DRQ) and their performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. All participants showed initial weak performance, which improved only for patients in the SPB training condition. These results suggest that DM disorders in brain-damaged patients can be the consequence of their poor information processing strategy rather than an impairment in their DM abilities. Second, we showed that SPB could be efficient to normalize DM processes in brain injury patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séphora Minjoz
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognitions et Changement social (LIP-PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Ottaviani
- Centre de médecine physique et réadaptation, Domaine Saint Alban, St Alban Leysse, France
| | - Valérian Phalempin
- Centre de médecine physique et réadaptation, Domaine Saint Alban, St Alban Leysse, France
| | - Gilles Barathon
- Centre de médecine physique et réadaptation, Domaine Saint Alban, St Alban Leysse, France
| | - Sonia Pellissier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognitions et Changement social (LIP-PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Hot
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Inbaraj G, Udupa K, Raghavendra RM, Ram A, Patil S, Rajeswaran J, Nandakumar KK, Belur S, Arjun K, Govindaraj R, Bayari SK, Sathyaprabha TN. Effects of an 18-Week Integrated Yoga Program on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354231168795. [PMID: 37594042 PMCID: PMC10467170 DOI: 10.1177/15347354231168795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiotoxicity is a commonly observed adverse effect seen in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy with attributes toward cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD). Yoga, a mind-body system of medicine that has been shown to improve cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in various health conditions, could be an effective adjuvant approach in addressing CAD. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the protective effects of Integrated Yoga Therapy (IYT) on ANS functioning, assessed using Heart rate variability (HRV) in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 68 (stage I-III) BC patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Treatment as Usual group (TAU) and TAU with Yoga Therapy group (TAUYT). All patients underwent anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy for a total of 6 cycles with 21 days/cycle. During chemotherapy, the TAUYT group received IYT 5 days a week for 18 weeks, compared with usual care alone in the TAU group. Resting heart rate (RHR) and HRV, measured in both the time and frequency domains, were used to assess the cardiac ANS function of each patient before and after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS A total of 30 subjects in the TAU group and 29 subjects in the TAUYT group were included in the analysis. At baseline (before chemotherapy), there were no significant differences between the TAU and TAUYT groups in terms of RHR and HRV indices. However, after chemotherapy, patients in the TAU group had a significantly higher average RHR (P < .02) and lower HRV indices with reduced parasympathetic indices: RMSSD (P < .01), pNN50% (P < .04), high-frequency power (P < .001) and increased sympathetic indices: low-frequency power (P < .001) with sympathovagal imbalance: LF/HF (P < .001) compared with patients in the TAUYT group. CONCLUSION The study showed the protective effects of yoga therapy on CAD in patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy for BC, proposing yoga as a potential adjuvant intervention in improving cardiac health and preventing cardiovascular-related morbidities. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI) database (CTRI/2020/10/028446; October 16, 2020).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganagarajan Inbaraj
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaviraja Udupa
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Jamuna Rajeswaran
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Ramajayam Govindaraj
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Matić Z, Kalauzi A, Moser M, Platiša MM, Lazarević M, Bojić T. Pulse respiration quotient as a measure sensitive to changes in dynamic behavior of cardiorespiratory coupling such as body posture and breathing regime. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946613. [PMID: 36620213 PMCID: PMC9816793 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this research we explored the (homeo)dynamic character of cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) under the influence of different body posture and breathing regimes. Our tool for it was the pulse respiration quotient (PRQ), representing the number of heartbeat intervals per breathing cycle. We obtained non-integer PRQ values using our advanced Matlab® algorithm and applied it on the signals of 20 healthy subjects in four conditions: supine position with spontaneous breathing (Supin), standing with spontaneous breathing (Stand), supine position with slow (0.1 Hz) breathing (Supin01) and standing with slow (0.1 Hz) breathing (Stand01). Main results: Linear features of CRC (in PRQ signals) were dynamically very sensitive to posture and breathing rhythm perturbations. There are obvious increases in PRQ mean level and variability under the separated and joined influence of orthostasis and slow (0.1 Hz) breathing. This increase was most pronounced in Stand01 as the state of joint influences. Importantly, PRQ dynamic modification showed greater sensitivity to body posture and breathing regime changes than mean value and standard deviation of heart rhythm and breathing rhythm. In addition, as a consequence of prolonged supine position, we noticed the tendency to integer quantization of PRQ (especially after 14 min), in which the most common quantization number was 4:1 (demonstrated in other research reports as well). In orthostasis and slow breathing, quantization can also be observed, but shifted to other values. We postulate that these results manifest resonance effects induced by coupling patterns from sympathetic and parasympathetic adjustments (with the second as dominant factor). Significance: Our research confirms that cardiorespiratory coupling adaptability could be profoundly explored by precisely calculated PRQ parameter since cardiorespiratory regulation in healthy subjects is characterized by a high level of autonomic adaptability (responsiveness) to posture and breathing regime, although comparisons with pathological states has yet to be performed. We found Stand01 to be the most provoking state for the dynamic modification of PRQ (cardiorespiratory inducement). As such, Stand01 has the potential of using for PRQ tuning by conditioning the cardiorespiratory autonomic neural networks, e.g., in the cases where PRQ is disturbed by environmental (i.e., microgravity) or pathologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Matić
- Biomedical Engineering and Technologies, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,*Correspondence: Zoran Matić,
| | - Aleksandar Kalauzi
- Department for Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Chair of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Human Research Institute, Weiz, Austria
| | - Mirjana M. Platiša
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Lazarević
- Department for Mechanics, Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Bojić
- Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jarczok MN, Weimer K, Braun C, Williams DP, Thayer JF, Gündel HO, Balint EM. Heart rate variability in the prediction of mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of healthy and patient populations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
35
|
Candia-Rivera D, Sappia MS, Horschig JM, Colier WNJM, Valenza G. Confounding effects of heart rate, breathing rate, and frontal fNIRS on interoception. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20701. [PMID: 36450811 PMCID: PMC9712694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that cardiac and respiratory phases can modulate perception and related neural dynamics. While heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia possibly affect interoception biomarkers, such as heartbeat-evoked potentials, the relative changes in heart rate and cardiorespiratory dynamics in interoceptive processes have not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the variation in heart and breathing rates, as well as higher functional dynamics including cardiorespiratory correlation and frontal hemodynamics measured with fNIRS, during a heartbeat counting task. To further investigate the functional physiology linked to changes in vagal activity caused by specific breathing rates, we performed the heartbeat counting task together with a controlled breathing rate task. The results demonstrate that focusing on heartbeats decreases breathing and heart rates in comparison, which may be part of the physiological mechanisms related to "listening" to the heart, the focus of attention, and self-awareness. Focusing on heartbeats was also observed to increase frontal connectivity, supporting the role of frontal structures in the neural monitoring of visceral inputs. However, cardiorespiratory correlation is affected by both heartbeats counting and controlled breathing tasks. Based on these results, we concluded that variations in heart and breathing rates are confounding factors in the assessment of interoceptive abilities and relative fluctuations in breathing and heart rates should be considered to be a mode of covariate measurement of interoceptive processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Candia-Rivera
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio & Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy.
| | - M Sofía Sappia
- Artinis Medical Systems, B.V., Einsteinweg 17, 6662 PW, Elst, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jörn M Horschig
- Artinis Medical Systems, B.V., Einsteinweg 17, 6662 PW, Elst, The Netherlands
| | - Willy N J M Colier
- Artinis Medical Systems, B.V., Einsteinweg 17, 6662 PW, Elst, The Netherlands
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio & Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mun S, Park S, Whang S, Whang M. Effects of Temporary Respiration Exercise with Individual Harmonic Frequency on Blood Pressure and Autonomic Balance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15676. [PMID: 36497750 PMCID: PMC9736073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of modulated respiration on blood pressure and autonomic balance to develop a healthcare application system for stabilizing autonomic balance. Thirty-two participants were asked to perform self-regulated tasks with 18 different respiration sequences, and their electrocardiograms (ECG) and blood pressure were measured. Changes in cardiovascular system functions and blood pressure were compared between free-breathing and various respiration conditions. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures stabilized after individual harmonic breathing. Autonomic balance, characterized by heart rate variability, was also stabilized with brief respiration training according to harmonic frequency. Five machine-learning algorithms were used to classify the two opposing factors between the free and modulated breathing conditions. The random forest models outperformed the other classifiers in the training data of systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability. The mean areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.82 for systolic blood pressure and 0.98 for heart rate variability. Our findings lend support that blood pressure and autonomic balance were improved by temporary harmonic frequency respiration. This study provides a self-regulated respiration system that can control and help stabilize blood pressure and autonomic balance, which would help reduce mental stress and enhance human task performance in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungchul Mun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Jeonju Universtiy, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangin Park
- Industry-Academy Cooperation Team, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyop Whang
- Rotary and Mission Systems, Lockheed Martin, 199 Borton Landing Road, Moorestown, NJ 08054, USA
| | - Mincheol Whang
- Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Balint EM, Grüner B, Haase S, Kaw-Geppert M, Thayer JF, Gündel H, Jarczok MN. A randomized clinical trial to stimulate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in patients with moderate COVID-19-pneumonia using a slow-paced breathing technique. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928979. [PMID: 36263035 PMCID: PMC9574246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A characteristic problem occurring in COVID-19 is excessive elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6 and CRP) which are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Stimulation of the vagally-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex by slow paced breathing with prolonged exhalation may present a clinically relevant way to reduce circulating IL-6. Method Single-center randomized controlled clinical trial with enrolment of 46 patients hospitalized with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia (primary diagnosis). Differences between intervention (4sec inhalation, 6sec exhalation for 20 minutes 3x daily) and control group in IL-6 calculated using multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models with random slope including the covariates relevant comorbidities, COVID-19 medication, and age. Both groups received standard care. Results Mean age was 57 years ± 13 years, N= 28 (60%) male, N=30 (65%) with relevant comorbidities. The model including group-by-time interaction revealed a significantly lower trajectory of IL-6 in the intervention group (effect size Cohens f2 = 0.11, LR-test p=.040) in the intention-to-treat sample, confirmed by per-protocol analysis (f2 = 0.15, LR-test p=.022). Exploratory analysis using the median split of practice time to predict IL-6 of the next morning indicated a dose-response relationship with beneficial effects of practice time above 45 minutes per day. Oxygen saturation remained unchanged during slow-paced breathing (95.1% ± 2.1% to 95.4% ± 1.6%). Conclusion Patients practicing slow-paced breathing had significantly lower IL-6 values than controls with a small to medium effect size and without relevant side effects. Further trials should evaluate clinical outcomes and an earlier start of the intervention. Slow-paced breathing could be an easy to implement, low-cost, safe and feasible adjuvant therapeutic approach to reduce circulating IL-6 in moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.drks.de, identifier DRKS00023971, Universal Trial Number (UTN) U1111-1263-8658.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maria Balint
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Center for mental health, Privatklinik Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland
| | - Beate Grüner
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophia Haase
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mandakini Kaw-Geppert
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Harald Gündel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N. Jarczok
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marc N. Jarczok,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Poskotinova L, Krivonogova E, Demin D, Zenchenko T. Differences in the Sensitivity of the Baroreflex of Heart Rate Regulation to Local Geomagnetic Field Variations in Normotensive and Hypertensive Humans. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1102. [PMID: 35888190 PMCID: PMC9316645 DOI: 10.3390/life12071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchronization between heart rate variability (HRV) in the low-frequency (LF) range (0.04-0.15 Hz) and 1-min variations in the components (X, Y, Z)and the total vector (F) of geomagnetic induction (nT) was studied in normotensive (blood pressure up to 140/90 mmHg) and hypertensive (blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg) individuals living in the Arkhangelsk region (60°51'52″ N 39°31'05″ E).The duration of registration of HRV for each person is 30 min in a sitting position. The most pronounced synchronization of the LF parameter, which reflects baroreflex activity, with variations in the GMF was found in normotensive individuals. The absence of a significant synchronization of the LF parameter with variations in the GMF components indicates a decrease in the sensitivity of the baroreflex mechanism and a risk of dysregulation of vascular tone, especially in people with arterial hypertension, under conditions of instability of the geomagnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Poskotinova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (E.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Elena Krivonogova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (E.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Denis Demin
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (E.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Tatyana Zenchenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Laborde S, Allen MS, Borges U, Dosseville F, Hosang TJ, Iskra M, Mosley E, Salvotti C, Spolverato L, Zammit N, Javelle F. Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104711. [PMID: 35623448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary slow breathing (VSB) is used as a prevention technique to support physical and mental health, given it is suggested to influence the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). However, to date, no comprehensive quantitative review exists to support or refute this claim. We address this through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of VSB on heart rate variability (HRV). Specifically, we focus on HRV parameters indexing PNS activity regulating cardiac functioning, referred to as vagally-mediated (vm)HRV: (1) during the breathing session (i.e., DURING), (2) immediately after one training session (i.e., IM-AFTER1), as well as (3) after a multi-session intervention (i.e., AFTER-INT). From the 1842 selected abstracts, 223 studies were suitable for inclusion (172 DURING, 16 IM-AFTER1, and 49 AFTER-INT). Results indicate increases in vmHRV with VSB, DURING, IM-AFTER1, and AFTER-INT. Given the involvement of the PNS in a large range of health-related outcomes and conditions, VSB exercises could be advised as a low-tech and low-cost technique to use in prevention and adjunct treatment purposes, with few adverse effects expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany; EA 4260, UFR STAPS, Normandie Université Caen, France.
| | - M S Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - U Borges
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany; Department of Social & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - F Dosseville
- INSERM, UMR-S 1075 COMETE, Normandie Université Caen, France
| | - T J Hosang
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Iskra
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - E Mosley
- Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - C Salvotti
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - L Spolverato
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - N Zammit
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - F Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne,Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Di Credico A, Perpetuini D, Izzicupo P, Gaggi G, Cardone D, Filippini C, Merla A, Ghinassi B, Di Baldassarre A. Estimation of Heart Rate Variability Parameters by Machine Learning Approaches Applied to Facial Infrared Thermal Imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:893374. [PMID: 35656402 PMCID: PMC9152459 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.893374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable tool for the evaluation of several physiological factors modulating the heart rate (HR). Importantly, variations of HRV parameters may be indicative of cardiac diseases and altered psychophysiological conditions. Recently, several studies focused on procedures for contactless HR measurements from facial videos. However, the performances of these methods decrease when illumination is poor. Infrared thermography (IRT) could be useful to overcome this limitation. In fact, IRT can measure the infrared radiations emitted by the skin, working properly even in no visible light illumination conditions. This study investigated the capability of facial IRT to estimate HRV parameters through a face tracking algorithm and a cross-validated machine learning approach, employing photoplethysmography (PPG) as the gold standard for the HR evaluation. The results demonstrated a good capability of facial IRT in estimating HRV parameters. Particularly, strong correlations between the estimated and measured HR (r = 0.7), RR intervals (r = 0.67), TINN (r = 0.71), and pNN50 (%) (r = 0.70) were found, whereas moderate correlations for RMSSD (r = 0.58), SDNN (r = 0.44), and LF/HF (r = 0.48) were discovered. The proposed procedure allows for a contactless estimation of the HRV that could be beneficial for evaluating both cardiac and general health status in subjects or conditions where contact probe sensors cannot be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - David Perpetuini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaggi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara Filippini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Laborde S, Mosley E, Bellenger C, Thayer J. Editorial: Horizon 2030: Innovative Applications of Heart Rate Variability. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:937086. [PMID: 35720712 PMCID: PMC9205192 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.937086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Normandie Université Caen, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Caen, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvain Laborde
| | - Emma Mosley
- Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Clint Bellenger
- Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Sports Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julian Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hotho G, von Bonin D, Krüerke D, Wolf U, Cysarz D. Unexpected Cardiovascular Oscillations at 0.1 Hz During Slow Speech Guided Breathing (OM Chanting) at 0.05 Hz. Front Physiol 2022; 13:875583. [PMID: 35620613 PMCID: PMC9127736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.875583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow breathing at 0.1 Hz (i.e., 6 cycles per minute, cpm) leads to strong cardiovascular oscillations. However, the impact of breathing below 6 cpm is rarely addressed. We investigated the influence of OM chanting, an ancient Indian mantra, with approx. 3 respiratory cpm (0.05 Hz) on the synchronisation of heart period (RR), respiration (RESP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Nine healthy, trained speech practitioners chanted three sequences of five subsequent OM with 2 min pauses in between. Each single OM chanting consisted of taking a deep breath and a long “OM” during expiration and lasted approx. 20 s. ECG, respiration and blood pressure were recorded continuously, of which the RR tachogram, RESP and SBP were derived. Synchronisation between the signals was computed using the phase difference between two signals. During OM chanting synchronisation among the oscillations of RR, SBP and RESP was significantly increased compared to rest. Furthermore, OM chanting at breathing frequencies between 0.046 and 0.057 Hz resulted in 0.1 Hz oscillations in RR and SBP. In conclusion, OM chanting strongly synchronized cardiorespiratory and blood pressure oscillations. Unexpected oscillations at 0.1 Hz in SBP and RR appear at breathing frequencies of approx. 0.05 Hz. Such frequency doubling may originate from an interaction of breathing frequency with endogenous Mayer waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Hotho
- Biologisch Onderzoek Gennep, Eindhoven, Netherland
- Research Department, Clinic Arlesheim, Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Dietrich von Bonin
- Group Practice Therapeutikum, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerlamd
| | - Daniel Krüerke
- Research Department, Clinic Arlesheim, Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerlamd
| | - Dirk Cysarz
- Integrated Curriculum for Anthroposophic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dirk Cysarz,
| |
Collapse
|