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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Lu S, Ji N, Wang W, Lin X, Gao D, Geng D. Salidroside improves cognitive function in Parkinson's disease via Braf-mediated mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116968. [PMID: 38901199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delve into the underlying mechanism of Salidroside (Sal) on the improvement of cognitive function in Parkinson's Disease (PD). METHODS The experimental mice were divided into Control group, Model group [injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)], and Model+Sal (low concentration, high concentration) group. Mouse hippocampal tissues were extracted for RNA sequencing to obtain the core pathway and core gene. Mouse plasma was prepared and analyzed by LC-MS to obtain differential metabolites. In vitro experiments were verified by immunofluorescence and lentiviral transduction. RESULTS ELISA signaled that Sal facilitated the reduction of neuronal damage and inflammatory reaction in mice. MPTP_Sal_Low and MPTP_Sal_High groups had high levels of glial cell derived neurotrophie factor (GDNF) expression. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in control group, MPTP group and MPTP_Sal_High group were identified by transcriptomic, which were classified to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the core gene Braf was obtained. Metabolomics manifested that the differential metabolites involved DL-tyrosine, adenosine, phosphoenolpyruvate, and L-tryptophan. In vitro experiments verified that Sal treatment inhibited the up-regulation of p-p38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression, and growth of neuronal protrusions. The OE-Braf group showed a significant up-regulation of the GDNF expression, a decrease in the expression of p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK, and a significant growth of neuronal protrusions. CONCLUSION Sal may exert its effects in PD through the Braf-mediated MAPK signaling pathway, which can increase GDNF expression and promote neuronal protrusion growth for the protection of neurological function and the improvement of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Lu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211166, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221002, China
| | - Niu Ji
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211166, China; Department of Neurology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province 222000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221002, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211166, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China.
| | - Deqin Geng
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211166, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221002, China.
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Shen J, Chen S, Li X, Wu L, Mao X, Jiang J, Zhu D. Salidroside Mediated the Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway to Attenuates Ferroptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1291-1305. [PMID: 38424396 PMCID: PMC10991011 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, with ferroptosis playing a significant role. Salidroside (SAL) has shown neuroprotective potential, this study aims to explore its capacity to mitigate ferroptosis in PD, focusing on the modulation of the Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)/ Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce PD-like symptoms, followed by SAL and Nrf2 inhibitor administration. Then behavioral tests, immunohistochemical staining, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis were conducted to assess motor functions, pathological changes, ferroptosis, and related protein expressions. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with erastin to induce ferroptosis to assess the protective effects of SAL. Additionally, A53T-α-synuclein (α-syn) was used to stimulate the PD model, SAL and a Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) was utilized to elucidate the role of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway in mitigating ferroptosis in PD. In vivo, SAL significantly improved motor functions and reduced the expression of α-syn, while increasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression of PD mice. Additionally, SAL treatment notably enhanced the levels of antioxidants and reduced MDA and iron content in the substantia nigra of PD mice. In vitro, SAL treatment increased the TH, GPX4, Nrf2 expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential whereas alleviated ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, as evidenced in erastin-induced and α-syn overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells. While these effects were reversed upon Nrf2 inhibition. SAL demonstrates significant potential in mitigating PD pathology and ferroptosis, positioning the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway as a promising therapeutic target. However, future studies should focus on the long-term effects of SAL, its pharmacokinetics, addressing the multifactorial nature of PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shasha Chen
- Department of Medical Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lele Wu
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Mao
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjie Jiang
- Department of General Medicine, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, No. 369 Yingbin Road, Nanyuan Street, Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dabu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Linping District First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
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Kim JS, Kim MG, Ryu JE, Lee YB, Liu QF, Kim KK, Cho SH, Shin SJ, Koo BS, Choi HK. Effect of woohwangchungsimwon and donepezil co-treatment on cognitive function and serum metabolic profiles in a scopolamine-induced model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117359. [PMID: 37924999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Woohwangchungsimwon (WCW) is a traditional medicine used in East Asian countries to treat central nervous system disorders. Reported pharmacological properties include antioxidant effects, enhanced learning and memory, and protection against ischemic neuronal cell death, supporting its use in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to assess the effects of co-treatment with WCW and donepezil on cognitive functions and serum metabolic profiles in a scopolamine-induced AD model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured in amyloid β-peptide25-35 (Aβ25-35)-induced SH-SY5Y cells. An AD model was established in ICR mice by intraperitoneal scopolamine administration. Animals underwent the step-through passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Hippocampal tissues were collected to examine specific protein expression. Serum metabolic profiles were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Co-treatment with WCW and donepezil increased cell viability and reduced ROS production in Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cells compared to that with donepezil treatment alone. Co-treatment improved cognitive functions and was comparable to donepezil treatment alone in the PAT and MWM tests. Pathways related to tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were altered by co-treatment. Levels of tyrosine and methionine, major serum metabolites in these pathways, were significantly reduced after co-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Co-treatment with WCW and donepezil shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for AD and is comparable to donepezil alone in improving cognitive function. Reduced tyrosine and methionine levels after co-treatment may enhance cognitive function by mitigating hypertyrosinemia and hyperhomocysteinemia, known risk factors for AD. The serum metabolic profiles obtained in this study can serve as a foundation for developing other bioactive compounds using a scopolamine-induced mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seop Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Gi Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Been Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ki Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Shin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Cannabis Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang H, Cai W, Dong L, Yang Q, Li Q, Ran Q, Liu L, Wang Y, Li Y, Weng X, Zhu X, Chen Y. Jiaohong pills attenuate neuroinflammation and amyloid-β protein-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa-B pathway. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38177948 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jiaohong pills (JHP) consist of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli (PZ) and Radix Rehmanniae, two herbs that have been extensively investigated over many years due to their potential protective effects against cognitive decline and memory impairment. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects remain elusive. Here, research studies were conducted to investigate and validate the therapeutic effects of JHP on Alzheimer's disease. METHODS BV-2 cell inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide. AD mice were administered amyloid-β (Aβ). Behavioral experiments were used to evaluate learning and memory ability. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the phosphorylation level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were detected using Western blot. Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal degeneration. RESULTS The results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of PZ significantly decreased the levels of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS; increased the expression level of IL-10; and significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF-κB. These inhibitory effects were further confirmed in the AD mouse model. Meanwhile, JHP improved learning and memory function in AD mice, reduced neuronal damage, and enriched the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus. Moreover, IL-1β and TNF-α in the cortex were significantly downregulated after JHP administration, whereas IL-10 showed increased expression. CONCLUSIONS It was found that JHP reduced neuroinflammatory response in AD mice by targeting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijinchuan Dong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsen Ran
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhu T, Liu H, Gao S, Jiang N, Chen S, Xie W. Effect of salidroside on neuroprotection and psychiatric sequelae during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115999. [PMID: 38091637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals worldwide, and the risk of psychiatric sequelae and consequent mental disorders has increased among the general population, health care workers and patients with COVID-19. Achieving effective and widespread prevention of pandemic-related psychiatric sequelae to protect the mental health of the global population is a serious challenge. Salidroside, as a natural agent, has substantial pharmacological activity and health effects, exerts obvious neuroprotective effects, and may be effective in preventing and treating psychiatric sequelae and mental disorders resulting from stress stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we systematically summarise, analyse and discuss the therapeutic effects of salidroside in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric sequelae as well as its roles in preventing the progression of mental disorders, and fully clarify the potential of salidroside as a widely applicable agent for preventing mental disorders caused by stress; the mechanisms underlying the potential protective effects of salidroside are involved in the regulation of the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neural regeneration and cell apoptosis in the brain, the network homeostasis of neurotransmission, HPA axis and cholinergic system, and the improvement of synaptic plasticity. Notably, this review innovatively proposes that salidroside is a potential agent for treating stress-induced health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides scientific evidence and a theoretical basis for the use of natural products to combat the current mental health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiman Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 115, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Weijie Xie
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200122, China.
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Do BK, Jang JH, Park GH. Effects of Corticosterone on Beta-Amyloid-Induced Cell Death in SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:77-83. [PMID: 38148553 PMCID: PMC10762270 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal cell death and memory impairment. Corticosterone (CORT) is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to a stressful condition. Excessive stress and high CORT levels are known to cause neurotoxicity and aggravate various diseases, whereas mild stress and low CORT levels exert beneficial actions under pathophysiological conditions. However, the effects of mild stress on AD have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, the effects of low (3 and 30 nM) CORT concentration on Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and underlying molecular mechanisms have been investigated. Cytotoxicity caused by Aβ25-35 was significantly inhibited by the low concentration of CORT treatment in the cells. Furthermore, CORT pretreatment significantly reduced Aβ25-35-mediated pro-apoptotic signals, such as increased Bim/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 cleavage. Moreover, low concentration of CORT treatment inhibited the Aβ25-35-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Aβ25-35 resulted in intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which were effectively reduced by the low CORT concentration. As a molecular mechanism, low CORT concentration activated the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor mediating cellular defense and upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutamylcysteine synthetase, and manganese superoxide dismutase. These findings suggest that low CORT concentration exerts protective actions against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity and might be used to treat and/or prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyeong Do
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Gamit N, Patil M, B Sundrappa S, Sundaram SM, Sethi G, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived rapid drug screening system for Alzheimer's disease for the identification of novel drugs. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1496-1512. [PMID: 37571798 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and efficient in vitro model is needed to screen drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), as many drugs are currently in the developmental stage. To address this, we developed an in vitro model using amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AM-MSCs) to screen novel drugs for AD. We differentiated AM-MSCs into neurons and degenerated them using beta amyloid1-42 (Aß). We then tested AD drugs, which are commercially available such as donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine, citicoline, and two novel drugs, that is, probucol, an anti-hyperlipidaemic drug, and NMJ-2, a cinnamic acid analogue for their potential to protect the cells against neurodegeneration. We used gene expression and immunofluorescence staining to assess the neuroprotective ability of these drugs. We also measured the ability of these drugs to reduce lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide levels, as well as their ability to stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential and increase acetylcholine (ACh) levels. The AD drugs and novel drugs reduced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, and restored ACh levels. Furthermore, they reduced BACE1 expression, with a concomitant increase in the expression of cholinergic markers. This AM-MSCs-based AD-like model has immense potential to be an accurate human model and an alternative to animal models for testing a large number of lead compounds in a short time. Our results also suggest that the novel drugs probucol and NMJ-2 may protect against Aß-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Manasi Patil
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Soumya B Sundrappa
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - S Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Fan H, Bai Q, Yang Y, Shi X, Du G, Yan J, Shi J, Wang D. The key roles of reactive oxygen species in microglial inflammatory activation: Regulation by endogenous antioxidant system and exogenous sulfur-containing compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175966. [PMID: 37549725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant innate immunity in the brain has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and depression. Except for extraparenchymal CNS-associated macrophages, which predominantly afford protection against peripheral invading pathogens, it has been reported that microglia, a population of macrophage-like cells governing CNS immune defense in nearly all neurological diseases, are the main CNS resident immune cells. Although microglia have been recognized as the most important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CNS, ROS also may underlie microglial functions, especially M1 polarization, by modulating redox-sensitive signaling pathways. Recently, endogenous antioxidant systems, including glutathione, hydrogen sulfide, superoxide dismutase, and methionine sulfoxide reductase A, were found to be involved in regulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. A series of natural sulfur-containing compounds, including S-adenosyl methionine, S-methyl-L-cysteine, sulforaphane, DMS, and S-alk(enyl)-l-cysteine sulfoxide, modulating endogenous antioxidant systems have been discovered. We have summarized the current knowledge on the involvement of endogenous antioxidant systems in regulating microglial inflammatory activation and the effects of sulfur-containing compounds on endogenous antioxidant systems. Finally, we discuss the possibilities associated with compounds targeting the endogenous antioxidant system to treat neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- Office of Research & Innovation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Qianqian Bai
- Office of Research & Innovation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Office of Research & Innovation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Ganqin Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Junqiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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10
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Liu J, Li T, Zhong G, Pan Y, Gao M, Su S, Liang Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Shi Q. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds for Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115406. [PMID: 37659206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global public health priority characterized by high mortality rates in adults and an increasing prevalence in aging populations worldwide. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the pathogenesis of AD since its initial report in 1907, there remains a lack of effective curative or preventive measures for the disease. In recent years, natural compounds sourced from diverse origins have garnered considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents for AD, owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. This review aims to consolidate the therapeutic effects of natural compounds on AD, specifically targeting the reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction, anti-apoptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the identified compounds exhibiting these effects predominantly originate from plants. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of natural compounds as a reservoir of novel therapeutic agents for AD, thereby stimulating further research and contributing to the development of efficacious treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China
| | - Tianyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Cuiru Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qing Shi
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China.
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11
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Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Rhodiola rosea and Salidroside commonly induce hormesis, with particular focus on longevity and neuroprotection. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110540. [PMID: 37169278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of Rhodiola rosea extracts and one of its major constituents, Salidroside, were evaluated for their capacity to induce hormesis/hormetic effects. The findings indicate that the Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside commonly induce hormetic dose responses within a broad range of biological models, cell types and across a broad range of endpoints, with particular emphasis on longevity and neuroprotective endpoints. This paper represents the first integrative documentation and assessment of Rhodiola rosea extracts and Salidroside induction of hormetic effects. These findings have important biomedical applications and should have an important impact with respect to critical study design, dose selection and other experimental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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12
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Duangupama T, Pratuangdejkul J, Chongruchiroj S, Pittayakhajonwut P, Intaraudom C, Tadtong S, Nunthanavanit P, Samee W, He YW, Tanasupawat S, Thawai C. New insights into the neuroprotective and beta-secretase1 inhibitor profiles of tirandamycin B isolated from a newly found Streptomyces composti sp. nov. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4825. [PMID: 36964207 PMCID: PMC10038987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tirandamycin (TAM B) is a tetramic acid antibiotic discovered to be active on a screen designed to find compounds with neuroprotective activity. The producing strain, SBST2-5T, is an actinobacterium that was isolated from wastewater treatment bio-sludge compost collected from Suphanburi province, Thailand. Taxonomic characterization based on a polyphasic approach indicates that strain SBST2-5T is a member of the genus Streptomyces and shows low average nucleotide identity (ANI) (81.7%), average amino-acid identity (AAI) (78.5%), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) (25.9%) values to its closest relative, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus NBRC 13905T, values that are significantly below the suggested cut-off values for the species delineation, indicating that strain SBST2-5T could be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces. The analysis of secondary metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs) in its genome and chemical investigation led to the isolation of TAM B. Interestingly, TAM B at 20 µg/mL displayed a suppressive effect on beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) with 68.69 ± 8.84% inhibition. Molecular docking simulation reveals the interaction mechanism between TAM B and BACE1 that TAM B was buried in the pocket of BACE-1 by interacting with amino acids Thr231, Asp 228, Gln73, Lys 107 via hydrogen bond and Leu30, Tyr71, Phe108, Ile118 via hydrophobic interaction, indicating that TAM B represents a potential active BACE1 inhibitor. Moreover, TAM B can protect the neuron cells significantly (% neuron viability = 83.10 ± 9.83% and 112.72 ± 6.83%) from oxidative stress induced by serum deprivation and Aβ1-42 administration models at 1 ng/mL, respectively, without neurotoxicity on murine P19-derived neuron cells nor cytotoxicity against Vero cells. This study was reportedly the first study to show the neuroprotective and BACE1 inhibitory activities of TAM B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitikorn Duangupama
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Pratuangdejkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumet Chongruchiroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattama Pittayakhajonwut
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chakapong Intaraudom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sarin Tadtong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Patcharawee Nunthanavanit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Samee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chitti Thawai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
- Actinobacterial Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
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13
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An in vitro study on probable inhibition of cerebrovascular disease by salidroside as a potent small molecule against Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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14
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Karvandi MS, Sheikhzadeh Hesari F, Aref AR, Mahdavi M. The neuroprotective effects of targeting key factors of neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases: The role of ER stress, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1105247. [PMID: 36950516 PMCID: PMC10025411 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal loss is one of the striking causes of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although these diseases have different features and clinical manifestations, they share some common mechanisms of disease pathology. Progressive regional loss of neurons in patients is responsible for motor, memory, and cognitive dysfunctions, leading to disabilities and death. Neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is linked to various pathways and conditions. Protein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activation of the innate immune response are the most critical hallmarks of most common neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are the major pathological factors of neuronal cell death. Even though the exact mechanisms are not fully discovered, the notable role of mentioned factors in neuronal loss is well known. On this basis, researchers have been prompted to investigate the neuroprotective effects of targeting underlying pathways to determine a promising therapeutic approach to disease treatment. This review provides an overview of the role of ER stress, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in neuronal cell death, mainly discussing the neuroprotective effects of targeting pathways or molecules involved in these pathological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sobhan Karvandi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Majid Mahdavi
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15
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. VANL-100 Attenuates Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010442. [PMID: 36613883 PMCID: PMC9820495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are being explored as novel therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) through strategies such as chemically linking antioxidants to synthesize novel co-drugs. The main objective of this study was to assess the cytoprotective effects of the novel antioxidant compound VANL-100 in a cellular model of beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced toxicity. The cytotoxic effects of Aβ in the presence and absence of all antioxidant compounds were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2-5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in SH-SY5Y cells in both pre-treatment and co-treatment experiments. In pre-treatment experiments, VANL-100, or one of its parent compounds, naringenin (NAR), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), or naringenin + alpha-lipoic acid (NAR + ALA), was administrated 24 h prior to an additional 24-h incubation with 20 μM non-fibril or fibril Aβ25-35. Co-treatment experiments consisted of simultaneous treatment with Aβ and antioxidants. Pre-treatment and co-treatment with VANL-100 significantly attenuated Aβ-induced cell death. There were no significant differences between the protective effects of VANL-100, NAR, ALA, and NAR + ALA with either form of Aβ, or in the effect of VANL-100 between 24-h pre-treatment and co-treatment. These results demonstrate that the novel co-drug VANL-100 is capable of eliciting cytoprotective effects against Aβ-induced toxicity.
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16
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Li RL, Wang LY, Duan HX, Zhang Q, Guo X, Wu C, Peng W. Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction induced cell apoptosis is a potential therapeutic strategy for herbal medicine to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937289. [PMID: 36210852 PMCID: PMC9535092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a progressive neurodegeneration caused by genetic and environmental factors. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) are the three most common neurodegenerative diseases clinically. Unfortunately, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing year by year. However, the current available drugs have poor efficacy and large side effects, which brings a great burden to the patients and the society. Increasing evidence suggests that occurrence and development of the neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction, which can affect mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, as well as mitochondrial mitophagy. Through the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, nerve cells undergo varying degrees of apoptosis. Interestingly, it has been shown in recent years that the natural agents derived from herbal medicines are beneficial for prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the potential therapeutic agents from herbal medicines for treating neurodegenerative diseases via suppressing apoptosis through regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, in order to provide a foundation for the development of more candidate drugs for neurodegenerative diseases from herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
| | - Chunjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
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17
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Abdou MM, O’Neill PM, Amigues E, Matziari M. Unprecedented Convergent Synthesis of Sugar-Functionalization of Phosphinic Acids under Metal-Free Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21444-21453. [PMID: 35785277 PMCID: PMC9244928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel TEA-catalyzed sugar-esterification of phosphinic acids was used as a general and efficient approach for the synthesis of a variety of phosphinates without any transition metal. The high efficiency of the current methodology and a convenient experimental procedure compensate for the moderate yields obtained. Another advantage is that the reaction tolerates different substituents attached to the phosphinic acids and the sugar moieties alongside the ease of isolation of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M. Abdou
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Paul M. O’Neill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Eric Amigues
- Department
of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Magdalini Matziari
- Department
of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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18
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In vitro neuroprotective effects of allicin on Alzheimer’s disease model of neuroblastoma cell line. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.1068336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Crude Saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum Attenuates Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity via Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121968. [PMID: 34943071 PMCID: PMC8750977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Platycodon grandiflorum saponins exhibit many beneficial biological effects in various diseases and conditions, how they protect nerve cells against neurodegenerative diseases and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is unknown. We investigated whether P. grandiflorum crude saponin (PGS) protects neurons from neurodegeneration caused by amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress. Hippocampal neuron HT-22 cells were used in the in vitro experiment, and AD mice (5XFAD mice) were used as the in vivo model. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was stained with DCF-DA and assessed using fluorescence microscopy. To elucidate the mechanism underlying neuroprotection, intracellular protein levels were assessed by western blotting. In 5XFAD mice, an animal model of AD, nerve damage recovery due to the induction of Aβ toxicity was evaluated by histological analysis. PGS attenuates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting Aβ-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in HT-22 cells. Furthermore, PGS upregulated Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling and downregulated NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling. Additionally, PGS inhibited apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition, PGS ameliorated Aβ-mediated pathologies, leading to AD-associated cognitive decline. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that PGS inhibits Aβ accumulation in the subiculum and cerebral cortex and attenuates Aβ toxicity-induced nerve damage in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, PGS is a resource for developing AD therapeutics.
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20
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Hu M, Zhang D, Xu H, Zhang Y, Shi H, Huang X, Wang X, Wu Y, Qi Z. Salidroside Activates the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway to Suppress Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Hepatology 2021; 74:3056-3073. [PMID: 34292604 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NASH is becoming a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Salidroside (p-hydroxyphenethyl-β-D-glucoside; SAL) has various biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, -oxidant, and -cancer activities. However, the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanism of SAL in NASH remain to be further clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that SAL alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in primary hepatocytes after palmitic acid/oleic acid (PO) stimulation. In addition, SAL effectively prevented high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC)-diet-induced NASH progression by regulating glucose metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, integrated RNA-sequencing and bioinformatic analysis showed that SAL promoted AMPK-signaling pathway activation in vitro and in vivo, and this finding was further verified by determining the phosphorylation levels of AMPK. Furthermore, the protective effects of SAL on lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocytes and livers induced by PO or HFHC stimulation were blocked by AMPK interruption. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that SAL protects against metabolic-stress-induced NASH progression through activation of AMPK signaling, indicating that SAL could be a potential drug component for NASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Hu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingran Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyang Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhili Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Iloun P, Hooshmandi E, Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi R, Ahmadiani A. Roles and Interaction of the MAPK Signaling Cascade in Aβ25-35-Induced Neurotoxicity Using an Isolated Primary Hippocampal Cell Culture System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1497-1507. [PMID: 32601776 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized with increased formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ peptide toxicity is associated with disturbances of several intracellular signaling pathways such as mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MAPKs and their interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity using isolated hippocampal neurons from the rat. Primary hippocampal cells were cultured in neurobasal medium for 4 days. Cells were treated with Aβ25-35 and/or MAPKs inhibitors for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by an MTT assay and phosphorylated levels of P38, JNK, and ERK were measured by Western blots. Aβ treatment (10-40 µM) significantly decreased hippocampal cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of P38 and ERK did not restore cell viability, while JNK inhibition potentiated the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Compared to the controls, Aβ treatment increased levels of phosphorylated JNK, ERK, and c-Jun, while it had no effect on levels of phosphorylated P38. In addition, P38 inhibition led to decreased expression levels of phosphorylated ERK; inhibition of JNK resulted in decreased expression of c-Jun; and inhibition of ERK, decreased phosphorylated levels of JNK. These results strongly suggest that P38, ERK, and JNK are not independently involved in Aβ-induced toxicity in the hippocampal cells. In AD, which is a multifactorial disease, inhibiting a single member of the MAPK signaling pathway, does not seem to be sufficient to mitigate Aβ-induced toxicity and thus their interactions with each other or potentially with different signaling pathways should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Iloun
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Chamran Exp. Way, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Chamran Exp. Way, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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Prasanna P, Rathee S, Rahul V, Mandal D, Chandra Goud MS, Yadav P, Hawthorne S, Sharma A, Gupta PK, Ojha S, Jha NK, Villa C, Jha SK. Microfluidic Platforms to Unravel Mysteries of Alzheimer's Disease: How Far Have We Come? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101022. [PMID: 34685393 PMCID: PMC8537508 DOI: 10.3390/life11101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant health concern with enormous social and economic impact globally. The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions and irreversible neuronal losses are primary features of the disease. Even after decades of research, most therapeutic options are merely symptomatic, and drugs in clinical practice present numerous side effects. Lack of effective diagnostic techniques prevents the early prognosis of disease, resulting in a gradual deterioration in the quality of life. Furthermore, the mechanism of cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology is poorly understood. Microfluidics exploits different microscale properties of fluids to mimic environments on microfluidic chip-like devices. These miniature multichambered devices can be used to grow cells and 3D tissues in vitro, analyze cell-to-cell communication, decipher the roles of neural cells such as microglia, and gain insights into AD pathophysiology. This review focuses on the applications and impact of microfluidics on AD research. We discuss the technical challenges and possible solutions provided by this new cutting-edge technique to understand disease-associated pathways and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prasanna
- School of Applied Sciences, KK University, Nalanda 803115, Bihar, India;
- Correspondence: or (P.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Shweta Rathee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India;
| | - Vedanabhatla Rahul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844101, Bihar, India;
| | | | - Pardeep Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (P.K.G.)
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (P.K.G.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
- Correspondence: or (P.P.); (S.K.J.)
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Strother L, Miles GB, Holiday AR, Cheng Y, Doherty GH. Long-term culture of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in the absence of neurotrophins: A novel model of neuronal ageing. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 362:109301. [PMID: 34343572 PMCID: PMC8434422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Studying human ageing is of increasing importance due to the worldwide ageing population. However, it faces the challenge of lengthy experiments to produce an ageing phenotype. Often, to recreate the hallmarks of ageing requires complex empirical conditions that can confound data interpretation. Indeed, many studies use whole organisms with relatively short life spans, which may have little, or limited, relevance to human ageing. There has been extensive use of cell lines to study ageing in human somatic cells, but the modelling of human neuronal ageing is somewhat more complex in vitro. New Method We cultured the well-characterised SH-SY5Y human neural cell line to produce high purity cultures of cells differentiated to express a neuronal phenotype, and designed a protocol to maintain these cells in culture until they accumulated biomarkers of cellular ageing. Results Our data validate a novel and simple technique for the efficient differentiation and long-term maintenance of SH-SY5Y cells, expressing markers of neuronal differentiation and demonstrating electrical activity in culture. Over time in vitro, these cells progressively accumulate markers of ageing such as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of oxidative damage. Comparison to Existing Methods In comparison to existing techniques to model neuronal ageing our method is cost effective, requiring no specialist equipment or growth factors. Conclusions We demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells, grown under these culture conditions, represent a simple model of neuronal ageing that is amenable to cell biological, biochemical and electrophysiological investigation. Ageing study is often hindered by the need for complex and lengthy experiments. SH-SY5Y cells underwent neuronal differentiation and were cultured until they were of an aged phenotype. These cells were electrically active and acquired oxidative damage. This is a novel technique to model neuronal ageing in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Strother
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Gareth B Miles
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Alison R Holiday
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Ying Cheng
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
| | - Gayle H Doherty
- Bute Building, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, West Burn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK.
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Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:456. [PMID: 34271966 PMCID: PMC8283984 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone disease causes short-term or long-term physical pain and disability. It is necessary to explore new drug for bone-related disease. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Salidroside in promoting osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). METHODS ADSCs were isolated and treated with different dose of Salidroside. Cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess the cell viability of ADSCs. Then, ALP and ARS staining were conducted to assess the early and late osteogenic capacity of ADSCs, respectively. Then, differentially expressed genes were obtained by R software. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. The expression of OCN, COL1A1, RUNX2, WNT3A, and β-catenin were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Last, β-catenin was silenced by small interfering RNA. RESULTS Salidroside significantly increased the ADSCs viability at a dose-response manner. Moreover, Salidroside enhanced osteogenic capacity of ADSCs, which are identified by enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition. A total of 543 differentially expressed genes were identified between normal and Salidroside-treated ADSCs. Among these differentially expressed genes, 345 genes were upregulated and 198 genes were downregulated. Differentially expressed genes enriched in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Western blot assay indicated that Salidroside enhanced the WNT3A and β-catenin expression. Silencing β-catenin partially reversed the promotion effects of Salidroside. PCR and Western blot results further confirmed these results. CONCLUSION Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Luo Y, Zhou S, Haeiwa H, Takeda R, Okazaki K, Sekita M, Yamamoto T, Yamano M, Sakamoto K. Role of amber extract in protecting SHSY5Y cells against amyloid β1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111804. [PMID: 34175817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease. Amyloid β plays a critical role in AD development. Some Chinese traditional medicines, such as the fossilized plant resin, amber, have been applied as mental stabilizers. However, the effects of amber on AD pathogenesis remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential of amber extract for treating AD by evaluating its effects on amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ (1-42))-induced neuronal cell death. We measured levels of ROS, Bcl-2, and Bax mRNA, and found that amber extract decreased Aβ (1-42)-induced cell apoptosis via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Amber extract also decreased β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and increased microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3II) and Beclin 1. These findings suggested that amber extract protects neuronal cells against Aβ (1-42)-induced cell apoptosis by upregulating autophagy and downregulating BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Luo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Haruna Haeiwa
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Reiko Takeda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okazaki
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Marie Sekita
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mikio Yamano
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim JH, Lee S, Cho EJ. Amelioration effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii extract/fractions on amyloid beta 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and identification of the main bioactive compound. Food Funct 2021; 11:9651-9661. [PMID: 33211040 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01041c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a neurotoxic peptide, and the accumulation of Aβ in the brain is the major characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the beneficial effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) on brain health has attracted much attention. In the present study, we investigated the ability and protective mechanisms of CJM to attenuate neuronal toxicity caused by Aβ using SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ25-35 treatment decreased cell viability, whereas CJM extract/fractions increased cell viability in Aβ25-35-treated cells. We found that CJM treatment prevented the accumulation of reactive oxygen species observed in Aβ25-35-treated control cells. Furthermore, Aβ25-35-mediated production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β was significantly suppressed by CJM. In addition, apoptotic factors were modulated in CJM-treated cells by downregulating B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein and upregulating B-cell lymphoma-2 protein expression. The assays showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of CJM has greater neuroprotective bioactivities compared with the other extract/fractions. The main neuroprotective active compound from the EtOAc fraction of CJM was identified as pectolinarin using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Collectively, this study not only describes the neuroprotective effect of CJM against Aβ25-35via the regulation of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic signaling pathways, but also provides useful information for future studies on the mechanism of novel medicinal sources based on pectolinarin isolated from CJM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Galaup C, Picard C, Couderc F, Gilard V, Collin F. Luminescent lanthanide complexes for reactive oxygen species biosensing and possible application in Alzheimer's diseases. FEBS J 2021; 289:2516-2539. [PMID: 33811448 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular formation of senile plaques composed of the aggregated amyloid-beta peptide along with metal ions (copper, iron or zinc). In addition, oxidative stress is considered as an important factor in the etiology of AD and a multitude of metalloproteins and transporters is affected, leading to metal ion misregulation. Redox-active metal ions (e.g., copper) can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of molecular oxygen and a reductant such as ascorbate. The ROS thus produced, in particular the hydroxyl radical which is the most reactive one, may contribute to oxidative stress conditions. Thus, detecting ROS in vivo or in biological models of AD is of interest for better understanding AD etiology. The use of biocompatible and highly specific and sensitive probes is needed for such a purpose, since ROS are transient species whose steady-state concentrations are very low. Luminescent lanthanide complexes are sensitive probes that can meet these criteria. The present review focuses on the recent advances in the use of luminescent lanthanide complexes for ROS biosensing. It shows why the use of luminescent lanthanide complexes is of particular interest for selectively detecting ROS ( O 2 · - , HO• , 1 O2 , H2 O2 , etc.) in biological samples in the µM-nM range. It particularly focuses on the most recent strategies and discusses what could be expected with the use of luminescent lanthanide complexes for better understanding some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Galaup
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III/CNRS (UMR5068), France
| | - Claude Picard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III/CNRS (UMR5068), France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Véronique Gilard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III/CNRS (UMR5068), France
| | - Fabrice Collin
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
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Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Salidroside: A review of its recent advances in synthetic pathways and pharmacological properties. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 339:109268. [PMID: 33617801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside has been identified as one of the most potent compounds isolated from various Rhodiola plants, which have been used for a long time as adaptogens in traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the severe growing environment of herbal medicine and large-scale excavation, the content of natural salidroside is extremely small. Most of the previous studies focused on herbal medicine, and there were few reviews on the synthesis of its main active ingredient salidroside. This paper presents different synthetic routes of salidroside to resolve the contradiction between supply and demand and lays the foundation for new drug research and development. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that salidroside, a promising environmentally-adapted drug with low toxicity and few side effects, possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including activities on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system, anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue and anti-aging activities, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, antivirus and immune stimulation activities, antidiabetic activity, anti-osteoporotic activity, and so on. Although the former researches have summarized the pharmacological effects of salidroside, focusing on the central nervous system, diabetes, and cancer, the overall pharmacological aspects of it have not been analyzed. This review highlights biological characteristics and mechanisms of action from 2009 to now as well as toxicological and pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far, with a view to providing a reference for further development and utilization of salidroside.
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Generation of APOE knock-down SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells using CRISPR/Cas9: a novel cellular model relevant to Alzheimer's disease research. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227846. [PMID: 33600562 PMCID: PMC7897917 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
APOE ε4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A precise role for apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear in part due to its expression in multiple cell types of the brain. APOE is highly expressed in astrocytes and microglia, however its expression can also be induced in neurons under various conditions. The neuron-like cell line SK-N-SH is a useful model in the study of the cellular and molecular effects of apoE as it can be differentiated with retinoic acid to express and secrete high levels of apoE and it also shows the same apoE fragmentation patterns observed in the human brain. We previously found that apoE is cleaved into a 25-kDa fragment by high temperature-requirement serine protease A1 (HtrA1) in SK-N-SH cells. To further understand the endogenous functions of apoE, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate SK-N-SH cell lines with APOE expression knocked-down (KD). APOE KD cells showed lower APOE and HTRA1 expression than parental SK-N-SH cells but no overt differences in neuritogenesis or cell proliferation compared with the CRISPR/Cas9 control cells. This research shows that the loss of apoE and HtrA1 has a negligible effect on neuritogenesis and cell survival in SK-N-SH neuron-like cells.
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Mansor NI, Ntimi CM, Abdul-Aziz NM, Ling KH, Adam A, Rosli R, Hassan Z, Nordin N. Asymptomatic neurotoxicity of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35) on mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural cells. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:98-110. [PMID: 32156249 PMCID: PMC7861624 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies in the establishment of in vitro oxidative stress models for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), is to induce neurotoxicity by amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in suitable neural cells. Presently, data on the neurotoxicity of Aβ in neural cells differentiated from stem cells are limited. In this study, we attempted to induce oxidative stress in transgenic 46C mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons via treatment with Aβ peptides (Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35). 46C neural cells were generated by promoting the formation of multicellular aggregates, embryoid bodies in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor, followed by the addition of all-trans retinoic acid as the neural inducer. Mature neuronal cells were exposed to different concentrations of Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35 for 24 h. Morphological changes, cell viability, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed. We found that 100 µM Aβ1-42 and 50 µM Aβ25-35 only promoted 40% and 10%, respectively, of cell injury and death in the 46C-derived neuronal cells. Interestingly, treatment with each of the Aβ peptides resulted in a significant increase of intracellular ROS activity, as compared to untreated neurons. These findings indicate the potential of using neurons derived from stem cells and Aβ peptides in generating oxidative stress for the establishment of an in vitro AD model that could be useful for drug screening and natural product studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mansor
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Carolindah Makena Ntimi
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aishah Adam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Neel L, Fabbrini M, Buabeid M, Fujihashi A, Dwyer D, Lynd T, Shah K, Mohanakumar KP, Smith F, Moore T, Dhanasekaran M. Nutraceutical based SIRT3 activators as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104958. [PMID: 33444675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and its incidence is increasing worldwide with increased lifespan. Currently, there is no effective treatment to cure or prevent the progression of AD, which indicates the need to develop novel therapeutic targets and agents. Sirtuins, especially SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase, are NAD-dependent histone deacetylases involved in aging and longevity. Accumulating evidence indicates that SIRT3 dysfunction is strongly associated with pathologies of AD, hence, therapeutic modulation of SIRT3 activity may be a novel application to ameliorate the pathologies of AD. Natural products commonly used in traditional medicine have wide utility and appear to have therapeutic benefits for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. The present review summarizes the currently available natural SIRT3 activators and their potentially neuroprotective molecular mechanisms of action that make them a promising agent in the treatment and management of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Logan Neel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mary Fabbrini
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayaka Fujihashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Darby Dwyer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tyler Lynd
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Karishma Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, D.Y. Patil Medical College and Research Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Forrest Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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33
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Jia J, Zeng X, Xu G, Wang Z. The Potential Roles of Redox Enzymes in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Thioredoxin. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:1759091421994351. [PMID: 33557592 PMCID: PMC7876756 DOI: 10.1177/1759091421994351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing studies have demonstrated the critical importance for redox proteins mediating neuronal protection in models of AD. This review briefly describes some of the risk factors contributing to AD, specifically highlighting the important roles of oxidative stress in the pathology of AD. Then this article concisely introduces the dysregulation and functions of two main redox enzymes, peroxiredoxins and glutaredoxins, in AD models. This review emphasizes the neuroprotective role of the third redox enzyme thioredoxin (Trx), an important multifunctional protein regulating cellular redox status. This commentary not only summarizes the alterations of Trx expression in AD patients and models, but also reviews the potential effects and mechanisms of Trx, Trx-related molecules and Trx-inducing compounds against AD. In conclusion, Trx has a potential neuroprotection in AD and may be very promising for clinical therapy of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou,
China
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34
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Panossian AG, Efferth T, Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Kuchta K, Mukherjee PK, Banerjee S, Heinrich M, Wu W, Guo D, Wagner H. Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress- and aging-related diseases. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:630-703. [PMID: 33103257 PMCID: PMC7756641 DOI: 10.1002/med.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting adaptability, resilience, and survival of living organisms in stress. The aim of this review was to summarize the growing knowledge about common adaptogenic plants used in various traditional medical systems (TMS) and conventional medicine and to provide a modern rationale for their use in the treatment of stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Adaptogens have pharmacologically pleiotropic effects on the neuroendocrine-immune system, which explain their traditional use for the treatment of a wide range of conditions. They exhibit a biphasic dose-effect response: at low doses they function as mild stress-mimetics, which activate the adaptive stress-response signaling pathways to cope with severe stress. That is in line with their traditional use for preventing premature aging and to maintain good health and vitality. However, the potential of adaptogens remains poorly explored. Treatment of stress and aging-related diseases require novel approaches. Some combinations of adaptogenic plants provide unique effects due to their synergistic interactions in organisms not obtainable by any ingredient independently. Further progress in this field needs to focus on discovering new combinations of adaptogens based on traditional medical concepts. Robust and rigorous approaches including network pharmacology and systems pharmacology could help in analyzing potential synergistic effects and, more broadly, future uses of adaptogens. In conclusion, the evolution of the adaptogenic concept has led back to basics of TMS and a new level of understanding of holistic approach. It provides a rationale for their use in stress-induced and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Alexander N. Shikov
- Department of technology of dosage formsSaint‐Petersburg State Chemical‐Pharmaceutical UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Department of BiotechnologyMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS)MurmanskRussia
| | - Kenny Kuchta
- Department of Far Eastern Medicine, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal OncologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Pharmacognosy and PhytotherapyUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - De‐an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hildebert Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Pharma ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
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35
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Xie Z, Lu H, Yang S, Zeng Y, Li W, Wang L, Luo G, Fang F, Zeng T, Cheng W. Salidroside Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice and Modulates Inflammation of the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568423. [PMID: 33362539 PMCID: PMC7759146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. However, several therapeutic approaches have shown unsatisfactory outcomes in the clinical setting. Thus, developing alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of AD is critical. Salidroside (SAL) is critical, an herb-derived phenylpropanoid glycoside compound, has been shown to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects remains unclear. Here, we show that SAL has a therapeutic effect in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain, a reliable and stable mouse model of AD. Methods: SAMP8 mice were treated with SAL, donepezil (DNP) or saline, and cognitive behavioral impairments were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM), Y maze, and open field test (OFT). Fecal samples were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq system. Brain samples were analyzed to detect beta-amyloid (Aβ) 1-42 (Aβ1-42) deposition by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting. The activation of microglia and neuroinflammatory cytokines was detected by immunofluorescence (IF), western blotting and qPCR. Serum was analyzed by a Mouse High Sensitivity T Cell Magnetic Bead Panel on a Luminex-MAGPIX multiplex immunoassay system. Results: Our results suggest that SAL effectively alleviated hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in the SAMP8 mice. SAL significantly 1) reduced toxic Aβ1-42 deposition; 2) reduced microglial activation and attenuated the levels of the proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the brain; 3) improved the gut barrier integrity and modified the gut microbiota (reversed the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and eliminated Clostridiales and Streptococcaceae, which may be associated with cognitive deficits); and 4) decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1α, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-12, in the peripheral circulation, as determined by a multiplex immunoassay. Conclusion: In summary, SAL reversed AD-related changes in SAMP8 mice, potentially by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis and modulating inflammation in both the peripheral circulation and central nervous system. Our results strongly suggest that SAL has a preventive effect on cognition-related changes in SAMP8 mice and highlight its value as a potential agent for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Xie
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological Laboratory, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixia Yang
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological Laboratory, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanfeng Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological Laboratory, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Rahim NS, Lim SM, Mani V, Hazalin NAMN, Majeed ABA, Ramasamy K. Virgin Coconut Oil-Induced Neuroprotection in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats is Mediated, in Part, Through Cholinergic, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:655-681. [PMID: 33962540 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1830223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with neuronal cell death and could lead to chronic neurodegeneration. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The findings were validated using Wistar rats, which were fed with 1-10 g/kg VCO for 31 days, exposed to LPS (0.25 mg/kg) and subjected to the Morris Water Maze Test. Brain homogenate was subjected to biochemical analyses and gene expression studies. α-Tocopherol (α-T; 150 mg/kg) served as the positive control. VCO (100 µg/mL) significantly (p < 0.01) improved SK-N-SH viability (+57%) and inhibited reactive oxygen species (-31%) in the presence of LPS. VCO (especially 10 g/kg) also significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced spatial memory of LPS-challenged rats. Brain homogenate of VCO-fed rats was presented with increased acetylcholine (+33%) and reduced acetylcholinesterase (-43%). The upregulated antioxidants may have reduced neuroinflammation [malondialdehyde (-51%), nitric oxide (-49%), Cox-2 (-64%) and iNos (-63%)] through upregulation of IL-10 (+30%) and downregulation of IL-1β (-65%) and Interferon-γ (-25%). There was also reduced expression of Bace-1 (-77%). VCO-induced neuroprotection, which was comparable to α-T, could be mediated, in part, through inflammatory, cholinergic and amyloidogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafiqah Rahim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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37
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Mizuno M, Mori K, Tsuchiya K, Takaki T, Misawa T, Demizu Y, Shibanuma M, Fukuhara K. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Conformationally Restricted Analogues of Silibinin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23164-23174. [PMID: 32954167 PMCID: PMC7495755 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Silibinin (Sib), one of the main components of milk thistle extract, has attracted considerable attention because of its various biological activities, which include antioxidant activity and potential effects in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a previous study, we synthesized catechin analogues by constraining the geometries of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. The constrained analogues exhibited enhanced bioactivities, with the only major difference between the two being their three-dimensional structures. The constrained geometry in (+)-catechin resulted in a high degree of planarity (PCat), while (-)-epicatechin failed to maintain planarity (PEC). The three-dimensional structure of Sib may be related to its ability to inhibit aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ). We therefore introduced PCat and PEC into Sib to demonstrate how the constrained molecular geometry and differences in three-dimensional structures may enhance such activities. Introduction of PCat into Sib (SibC) resulted in effective inhibition of Aβ aggregation, α-glucosidase activity, and cell growth, suggesting that not only reduced flexibility but also the high degree of planarity may enhance the biological activity. SibC is expected to be a promising lead compound for the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirei Mizuno
- Division
of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mori
- Division
of Cancer Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8
Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsuchiya
- Division
of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, National Institute
of Health Sciences, 3-25-26
Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Division
of Electron Microscopy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Misawa
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, National Institute
of Health Sciences, 3-25-26
Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, National Institute
of Health Sciences, 3-25-26
Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Motoko Shibanuma
- Division
of Cancer Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8
Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fukuhara
- Division
of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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38
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SkQ1 Suppresses the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway Involved in Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in OXYS Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080676. [PMID: 32731533 PMCID: PMC7463502 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is currently incurable, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. p38 MAPK inhibition is considered a promising strategy against AD, but there are no safe inhibitors capable of penetrating the blood–brain barrier. Earlier, we have shown that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant plastoquinonyl-decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) at nanomolar concentrations can prevent, slow down, or partially alleviate AD-like pathology in accelerated-senescence OXYS rats. Here we confirmed that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 during active progression of AD-like pathology in OXYS rats (aged 12–18 months) suppresses AD-like pathology progression, and for the first time, we showed that its effects are associated with suppression of p38 MAPK signaling pathway (MAPKsp) activity. Transcriptome analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining revealed that SkQ1 suppresses p38 MAPKsp activity in the hippocampus at the level of expression of genes involved in the p38 MAPKsp and reduces the phosphorylation of intermediate kinases (p38 MAPK and MK2) and a downstream protein (αB-crystallin). Thus, the anti-AD effects of SkQ1 are associated with improvement in the functioning of relevant signaling pathways and intracellular processes, thus making it a promising therapeutic agent for human AD.
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39
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Chung YS, Choo BKM, Ahmed PK, Othman I, Shaikh MF. A Systematic Review of the Protective Actions of Cat's Whiskers (Misai Kucing) on the Central Nervous System. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:692. [PMID: 32477146 PMCID: PMC7237571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) or Orthosiphon aristatus var. aristatus (OAA) is commonly known as cat's whiskers or "misai kucing". It is an herbaceous shrub that is popular in many different traditional and complementary medicinal systems. Its popularity has been justified by the plethora of studies that have shown that the secondary metabolites of the plant has effects that range from anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective to anorexic and antihypertensive. As such, OS could also be a potential treatment for Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders. However, a cohesive synthesis of the protective actions of OS was lacking. This systematic review was therefore commenced to elaborate on the various protective mechanisms of OS in the CNS. The PRISMA model was used and five databases (Google Scholar, SCOPUS, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and PubMed) were searched with relevant keywords to finally identify four articles that met the inclusion criteria. The articles described the protective effects of OS extracts on Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, learning and memory, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. All the articles found were experimental or preclinical studies on animal models or in vitro systems. The reported activities demonstrated that OS could be a potential neuroprotective agent and might improve CNS conditions like neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Sir Chung
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Brandon Kar Meng Choo
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Pervaiz Khalid Ahmed
- School of Business, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21), Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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40
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Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Arslan ME, Fornasari E, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Histidyl-Proline Diketopiperazine Isomers as Multipotent Anti-Alzheimer Drug Candidates. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050737. [PMID: 32397415 PMCID: PMC7277666 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides administered by both parenteral and oral routes are suggested as promising candidates for the treatment of neurodegeneration-related pathologies. In this study, we tested Cyclo (His-Pro) isomers (cHP1-4) for their anti-Alzheimer potential using a differentiated human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) as an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experimental model. The SH-SY5Y cell line was differentiated by the application of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) to obtain mature neuron-like cells. Amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) peptides, the main effector in AD, were administered to the differentiated cell cultures to constitute the in vitro disease model. Next, we performed cell viability analyses 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays) to investigate the neuroprotective concentrations of cyclodipeptides using the in vitro AD model. We evaluated acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α- and β-secretase activities (TACE and BACE1), antioxidant potency, and apoptotic/necrotic properties and performed global gene expression analysis to understand the main mechanism behind the neuroprotective features of cHP1-4. Moreover, we conducted sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) analyses to evaluate the genotoxic damage potential after applications with cHP1-4 on cultured human lymphocytes. Our results revealed that cHP1-4 isomers provide a different degree of neuroprotection against Aβ1-42-induced cell death on the in vitro AD model. The applications with cHP1-4 isomers altered the activity of AChE but not the activity of TACE and BACE1. Our analysis indicated that the cHP1-4 increased the total antioxidant capacity without altering total oxidative status levels in the cellular AD model and that cHP1-4 modulated the alterations of gene expressions by Aβ1-42 exposure. We also observed that cHP1-4 exhibited noncytotoxic and non-genotoxic features in cultured human whole blood cells. In conclusion, cHP1-4 isomers, especially cHP4, have been explored as novel promising therapeutics against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (I.C.); (E.F.); (L.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (I.C.); (E.F.); (L.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (I.C.); (E.F.); (L.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (I.C.); (E.F.); (L.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (A.M.)
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41
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Chen SY, Gao Y, Sun JY, Meng XL, Yang D, Fan LH, Xiang L, Wang P. Traditional Chinese Medicine: Role in Reducing β-Amyloid, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32390843 PMCID: PMC7188934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The major characteristics of AD are amyloid β plaques, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These are mostly used as the significant indicators for selecting the effects of potential drugs. It is imperative to explain AD pathogenesis and realize productive treatments. Although the currently used chemical drugs for clinical applications of AD are effective in managing the symptoms, they are inadequate to achieve anticipated preventive or therapeutic outcomes. There are new strategies for treating AD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has accumulated thousands of years of experience in treating dementia. Nowadays, numerous modern pharmacological studies have verified the efficacy of many bioactive ingredients isolated from TCM for AD treatment. In this review, representative TCM for the treatment of AD are discussed, and among these herbal medicines, the Lamiaceae family accounts for the highest proportion. It is concluded that monomers and extracts from TCM have potential therapeutic effect for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Hong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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42
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Arslan ME, Türkez H, Mardinoğlu A. In vitro neuroprotective effects of farnesene sesquiterpene on alzheimer's disease model of differentiated neuroblastoma cell line. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:745-754. [PMID: 32308094 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1754211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate neuroprotective properties of the farnesene sesquiterpene on the experimental Alzheimer's disease model in vitro. METHODS Human neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY-5Y) was differentiated into neuron-like cells by using retinoic acid to constitute the in vitro Alzheimer's Disease model. β-amyloid 1-42 protein was applied to the transformed cells for 24 and 48 hours in a wide dose ranges (3.125-200 μM) to establish AD cytotoxicity. Then, farnesene was applied to cell cultures in a wide spectrum dose interval (1.625-100 μg/ml) to investigate neuroprotective effect against β-amyloid for 24 and 48 hours. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release tests were executed to determine cytotoxicity in the Alzheimer model. Nuclear DNA integrity of cells was examined under the fluorescent microscope using the Hoechst 33258 staining method. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels were analyzed to understand the protection mechanism of the farnesene application on the cell culture model. Finally, flow cytometry analysis was used to find out the cell death mechanism after beta-amyloid and farnesene application to the cell culture. RESULTS Cell viability tests revealed significant neuroprotection against β-amyloid toxicity in both 24 and 48 hours and the Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining method showed a significant decrease in necrotic deaths after farnesene application in the cell cultures. Finally, flow cytometry analysis put forth that farnesene could decrease necrotic cell death up to 3-fold resulted from beta-amyloid exposure. CONCLUSION According to the investigations, farnesene can potentially be a safe, anti-necrotic and neuroprotective agents against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Adil Mardinoğlu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Polzella M, Fabrizi C, Fornai F. Potential Antidepressant Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis, Hericium erinaceus and Rhodiola rosea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030234. [PMID: 32178272 PMCID: PMC7139475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies focused on the pharmacology and feasibility of herbal compounds as a potential strategy to target a variety of human diseases ranging from metabolic to brain disorders. Accordingly, bioactive ingredients which are found within a variety of herbal compounds are reported to produce both neuroprotective and psychotropic activities which may help to combat mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances and cognitive alterations. In the present manuscript, we focus on three herbs which appear effective in mitigating anxiety or depression with favourable risk-benefit profiles, namely Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis), Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) and Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea). These three traditional folk medicinal herbs target the main biochemical events that are implicated in mental disorders, mimicking, to some extent, the mechanisms of action of conventional antidepressants and mood stabilizers with a wide margin of tolerability. In detail, they rescue alterations in neurotransmitter and neuro-endocrine systems, stimulate neurogenesis and the synthesis of neurotrophic factors, and they counteract oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Albeit the encouraging results that emerge from both experimental and clinical evidence, further studies are needed to confirm and better understand the mental-health promoting, and specifically, the antidepressant effects of these herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Maico Polzella
- Aliveda Laboratories, Viale Karol Wojtyla, 19, 56042 Lorenzana, (PI), Italy;
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy;
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen HI, Ou HC, Chen CY, Yu SH, Cheng SM, Wu XB, Lee SD. Neuroprotective Effect of Rhodiola crenulata in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:373-390. [PMID: 32138536 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Rhodiola crenulata grows at high altitudes in the Arctic and mountainous regions and is commonly used in phytotherapy in Eastern European and Asian countries. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effect of Rhodiola crenulata and its neuroprotective mechanism of action in a rat model of D-galactose-induced aging. Two groups of twelve-week-old male Wistar rats received a daily injection of D-galactose (150mg/kg/day, i.p.) and orally administered Rhodiola crenulata (0, 248mg/kg/day) for eight weeks, while a control group received a saline injection (1ml/kg/day, i.p.). We examined apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus of three groups of rats based on a terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxy uridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive assay. The expression levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins in excised brains were analyzed by Western blotting. Our findings indicated that D-galactose caused marked neuronal apoptosis via activation of both extrinsic-dependent and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways. When compared to the control group, the protein levels of Fas receptor, Fas ligand, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and activated caspase-8 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathways), as well as those of t-Bid, Bax, cytochrome c, activated caspase-9, and activated caspase-3 (mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways), were significantly increased in the D-galactose treated group. In addition, D-galactose impaired the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt, an important survival signaling event in neurons. Rhodiola crenulata, however, protected against all these neurotoxicities in aging brains. The present study suggests that neuronal survival promoted by Rhodiola crenulata may be a potentially effective method to enhance the resistance of neurons to age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hong Yu
- College of Rehabilitation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shiu-Min Cheng
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xu-Bo Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Rehabilitation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, P. R. China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang J, Lin R, Luo D. Salidroside promotes sciatic nerve regeneration following combined application epimysium conduit and Schwann cells in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:522-531. [PMID: 32053008 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220906541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force/Xiamen University Dongfang Hospital, and Fuzong Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Daoshu Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1133-1142. [PMID: 32002777 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia worldwide, is characterized by pathological hallmarks like β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and clinical manifestations including cognitive impairment, psychiatry disorders, and behavioral changes. Salidroside (Sal) extracted from Rhodiola rosea L. showed protective effects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in a Drosophila AD model in our previous research. In the present study, daily doses of Sal were administered to APP/PS1 mice, a mouse model of AD, and several parameters were tested, including behavioral performance, Aβ status, levels of synapse-related proteins, and levels of PI3K/Akt targets of mTOR cell signaling pathway proteins. The behavioral testing showed an improvement in locomotor activity in the APP/PS1 mice after the administration of Sal. Treatment with Sal decreased both the soluble and insoluble Aβ levels and increased the expression of PSD95, NMDAR1, and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The phosphatidylinositide PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling was upregulated, which was in accordance with the above improvements from Sal treatment. Our findings suggested that Sal may protect the damaged synapses of the neurons in the APP/PS1 mice.
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Li LH, Peng WN, Deng Y, Li JJ, Tian XR. Action of trichostatin A on Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:293-301. [PMID: 31552902 PMCID: PMC6905323 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, is used to treat Alzheimer's disease and can improve learning and memory but its underlying mechanism of action is unknown. To determine whether the therapeutic effect of trichostatin A on Alzheimer's disease is associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein-1 (Keap1) signaling pathway, amyloid β-peptide 25-35 (Aβ25-35) was used to induce Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cells were then treated with trichostatin A. The effects of trichostatin A on the expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot assays and immunofluorescence. Total antioxidant capacity and autophagy activity were evaluated by total antioxidant capacity assay kit and light chain 3-I/II levels, respectively. We found that trichostatin A increased cell viability and Nrf2 expression, and decreased Keap1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, trichostatin A increased the expression of Nrf2-related target genes, such as superoxide dismutase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione S-transferase, thereby increasing the total antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5Y cells and inhibiting amyloid β-peptide-induced autophagy. Knockdown of Keap1 in SH-SY5Y cells further increased trichostatin A-induced Nrf2 expression. These results indicate that the therapeutic effect of trichostatin A on Alzheimer's disease is associated with the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. The mechanism for this action may be that trichostatin A increases cell viability and the antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5Y cells by alleviating Keap1-mediated inhibition Nrf2 signaling, thereby alleviating amyloid β-peptide-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Li
- College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Na Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Tian
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan Province, China
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Zhang D, Cao L, Wang Z, Feng H, Cai X, Xu M, Li M, Yu N, Yin Y, Wang W, Kang J. Salidroside mitigates skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with cigarette smoke-induced COPD by up-regulating myogenin and down-regulating myostatin expression. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190440. [PMID: 31702007 PMCID: PMC6879355 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of Salidroside on skeletal muscle atrophy in a rat model of cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomized, and treated intraperitoneally (IP) with vehicle (injectable water) or a low, medium or high dose of Salidroside, followed by exposure to cigarette smoking daily for 16 weeks. A healthy control received vehicle injection and air exposure. Their lung function, body weights and gastrocnemius (GN) weights, grip strength and cross-section area (CSA) of individual muscular fibers in the GN were measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) in serum and GN tissues as well as myostatin and myogenin expression in GN tissues were measured. RESULTS In comparison with that in the healthy control, long-term cigarette smoking induced emphysema, significantly impaired lung function, reduced body and GN weights and CSA values in rats, accompanied by significantly increased levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA, but decreased levels of SOD and GSH in serum and GN tissues. Furthermore, cigarette smoking significantly up-regulated myostatin expression, but down-regulated myogenin expression in GN tissues. Salidroside treatment decreased emphysema, significantly ameliorated lung function, increased antioxidant, but reduced MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum and GN tissues of rats, accompanied by decreased myostain, but increased myogenin expression in GN tissues. CONCLUSION Salidroside mitigates the long-term cigarette smoking-induced emphysema and skeletal muscle atrophy in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulating muscle-specific transcription factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Haoshen Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingtao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
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Kim Thu D, Vui DT, Ngoc Huyen NT, Duyen DK, Thanh Tung B. The use of Huperzia species for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0159/jbcpp-2019-0159.xml. [PMID: 31778363 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which relates to nervous degeneration, is the most popular form of memory loss. The pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood, and there are no therapies for this disorder. Some drugs have been used in clinical applications for preventing and treating AD, but they have significant adverse reactions. Therefore, there is a need to develop treatment for AD. Traditional medicine has used many medicinal plants to alleviate the symptoms of AD. Medicinal plants may reduce neurodegenerative disorders with fewer side effects than chemical drugs, and they are promising drug candidates for AD therapy. This review is the summary of the pathogenesis and treatments of AD and includes information about the chemistry and bioactivities of some medicinal plants from the Huperzia species, such as Huperzia saururus, Huperzia selago, Huperzia phlegmaria, Huperzia fargesii, Huperzia serrata, Huperzia reflexa and Huperzia quadrifariata, that are used for the treatment of AD. We searched literature, including Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and PubMed database, and did a bibliographic review of relevant articles. Key words included Huperzia species, huperzine, huperin, Huperzia and Alzheimer's disease. We found that the main bioactive compounds of the Huperzia species are alkaloids, which have shown significant effects on preventing the development of AD. They are new promising compounds against AD due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities in the neural system. Our conclusion from this review is that the Huperzia species are potential source containing various pharmaceutical compounds for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Kim Thu
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Thi Vui
- Ha Noi University of Pharmacy, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Duong Ky Duyen
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Thanh Tung
- VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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Pu WL, Zhang MY, Bai RY, Sun LK, Li WH, Yu YL, Zhang Y, Song L, Wang ZX, Peng YF, Shi H, Zhou K, Li TX. Anti-inflammatory effects of Rhodiola rosea L.: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109552. [PMID: 31715370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L., a worldwide botanical adaptogen, has been confirmed to possess protective effects of inflammatory injury for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, sepsis, and cancer. This paper is to review the recent clinical and experimental researches about the anti-inflammatory effects and the related mechanisms of Rhodiola rosea L. extracts, preparations, and the active compounds. From the collected information reviewed, this paper will provide the theoretical basis for its clinical application, and provide the evidences or guidance for future studies and medicinal exploitations of Rhodiola rosea L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Pu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ru-Yu Bai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li-Kang Sun
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wen-Hua Li
- College of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University (Tibetan National University), Xianyang 712082, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ying-Li Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lei Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhao-Xin Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan-Fei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional ChineseMedicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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