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Choi MS, Park SM, Kim S, Jegal H, Lee HA, Han HY, Yoon S, Kim SK, Oh JH. Enhanced electrophysiological activity and neurotoxicity screening of environmental chemicals using 3D neurons from human neural precursor cells purified with PSA-NCAM. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116516. [PMID: 38820819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The assessment of neurotoxicity for environmental chemicals is of utmost importance in ensuring public health and environmental safety. Multielectrode array (MEA) technology has emerged as a powerful tool for assessing disturbances in the electrophysiological activity. Although human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neurons have been used in MEA for neurotoxicity screening, obtaining a substantial and sufficiently active population of neurons from hESCs remains challenging. In this study, we successfully differentiated neurons from a large population of human neuronal precursor cells (hNPC) purified using a polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), referred to as hNPCPSA-NCAM+. The functional characterization demonstrated that hNPCPSA-NCAM+-derived neurons improve functionality by enhancing electrophysiological activity compared to total hNPC-derived neurons. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) neurons derived from hNPCPSA-NCAM+ exhibited reduced maturation time and enhanced electrophysiological activity on MEA. We employed subdivided population analysis of active mean firing rate (MFR) based on electrophysiological intensity to characterize the electrophysiological properties of hNPCPSA-NCAM+-3D neurons. Based on electrophysiological activity including MFR and burst parameters, we evaluated the sensitivity of hNPCPSA-NCAM+-3D neurons on MEA to screen both inhibitory and excitatory neuroactive environmental chemicals. Intriguingly, electrophysiologically active hNPCPSA-NCAM+-3D neurons demonstrated good sensitivity to evaluate neuroactive chemicals, particularly in discriminating excitatory chemicals. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of MEA approaches using hNPCPSA-NCAM+-3D neurons in the assessment of neurotoxicity associated with environmental chemicals. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate signal intensity thresholds to enhance neurotoxicity prediction and screening of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Choi
- Department of predictive toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, the Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, the Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Myo Park
- Department of predictive toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, the Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of predictive toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jegal
- Department of predictive toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, the Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Department of predictive toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Yun Han
- Department of predictive toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, the Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of predictive toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, the Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of predictive toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, the Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, the Republic of Korea.
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Kanungo J, Sorkin BC, Krzykwa J, Mitchell CA, Embry M, Spencer P, Harry GJ, Cannon J, Liu F, McPherson CA, Gafner S, Westerink RHS. Screening tools to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of botanicals: building a strategy to assess safety. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:629-646. [PMID: 38984683 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2378895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
AREAS COVERED This paper outlines the selection of NAMs, including in vitro assays using primary rat cortical neurons, zebrafish embryos, and Caenorhabditis elegans. These assays aim to assess neurotoxic endpoints such as neuronal activity and behavioral responses. Microelectrode array recordings of rat cortical neurons provide insights into the impact of botanical extracts on neuronal function, while the zebrafish embryos and C. elegans assays evaluate neurobehavioral responses. The paper also provides an account of the selection of botanical case studies based on expert judgment and existing neuroactivity/toxicity information. The proposed battery of assays will be tested with these case studies to evaluate their utility for neurotoxicity screening. EXPERT OPINION The complexity of botanicals necessitates the use of multiple NAMs for effective neurotoxicity screening. This paper discusses the evaluation of methodologies to develop a robust framework for evaluating botanical safety, including complex neuronal models and key neurodevelopmental process assays. It aims to establish a comprehensive screening framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Barbara C Sorkin
- Office of Dietary Supplements, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Krzykwa
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Michelle Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - G Jean Harry
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason Cannon
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Christopher A McPherson
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Remco H S Westerink
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Zhang X, Dou Z, Kim SH, Upadhyay G, Havert D, Kang S, Kazemi K, Huang K, Aydin O, Huang R, Rahman S, Ellis‐Mohr A, Noblet HA, Lim KH, Chung HJ, Gritton HJ, Saif MTA, Kong HJ, Beggs JM, Gazzola M. Mind In Vitro Platforms: Versatile, Scalable, Robust, and Open Solutions to Interfacing with Living Neurons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306826. [PMID: 38161217 PMCID: PMC10953569 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Motivated by the unexplored potential of in vitro neural systems for computing and by the corresponding need of versatile, scalable interfaces for multimodal interaction, an accurate, modular, fully customizable, and portable recording/stimulation solution that can be easily fabricated, robustly operated, and broadly disseminated is presented. This approach entails a reconfigurable platform that works across multiple industry standards and that enables a complete signal chain, from neural substrates sampled through micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) to data acquisition, downstream analysis, and cloud storage. Built-in modularity supports the seamless integration of electrical/optical stimulation and fluidic interfaces. Custom MEA fabrication leverages maskless photolithography, favoring the rapid prototyping of a variety of configurations, spatial topologies, and constitutive materials. Through a dedicated analysis and management software suite, the utility and robustness of this system are demonstrated across neural cultures and applications, including embryonic stem cell-derived and primary neurons, organotypic brain slices, 3D engineered tissue mimics, concurrent calcium imaging, and long-term recording. Overall, this technology, termed "mind in vitro" to underscore the computing inspiration, provides an end-to-end solution that can be widely deployed due to its affordable (>10× cost reduction) and open-source nature, catering to the expanding needs of both conventional and unconventional electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Zhi Dou
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Gaurav Upadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Daniel Havert
- Department of PhysicsIndiana University BloomingtonBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Sehong Kang
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Kai‐Yu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Onur Aydin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Raymond Huang
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Saeedur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Austin Ellis‐Mohr
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Hayden A. Noblet
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Ki H. Lim
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Howard J. Gritton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
| | - M. Taher A. Saif
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Hyun Joon Kong
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - John M. Beggs
- Department of PhysicsIndiana University BloomingtonBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Mattia Gazzola
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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van Kleef RGDM, Embry MR, Mitchell CA, Westerink RHS. Neuroactivity screening of botanical extracts using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114438. [PMID: 38191119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Toxicity testing of botanicals is challenging because of their chemical complexity and variability. Since botanicals may affect many different modes of action involved in neuronal function, we used microelectrode array (MEA) recordings of primary rat cortical cultures to screen 16 different botanical extracts for their effects on cell viability and neuronal network function in vitro. Our results demonstrate that extract materials (50 μg/mL) derived from goldenseal, milk thistle, tripterygium, and yohimbe decrease mitochondrial activity following 7 days exposure, indicative of cytotoxicity. Importantly, most botanical extracts alter neuronal network function following acute exposure. Extract materials (50 μg/mL) derived from aristolochia, ephedra, green tea, milk thistle, tripterygium, and usnea inhibit neuronal activity. Extracts of kava, kratom and yohimbe are particularly potent and induce a profound inhibition of neuronal activity at the low dose of 5 μg/mL. Extracts of blue cohosh, goldenseal and oleander cause intensification of the bursts. Aconite extract (5 μg/mL) evokes a clear hyperexcitation with a marked increase in the number of spikes and (network) bursts. The distinct activity patterns suggest that botanical extracts have diverse modes of action. Our combined data also highlight the applicability of MEA recordings for hazard identification and potency ranking of botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G D M van Kleef
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Michelle R Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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5
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Gerber LS, de Leijer DCA, Rujas Arranz A, Lehmann JMML, Verheul ME, Cassee FR, Westerink RHS. In vitro neurotoxicity of particles from diesel and biodiesel fueled engines following direct and simulated inhalation exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108481. [PMID: 38330748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Combustion-derived particulate matter (PM) is a major source of air pollution. Efforts to reduce diesel engine emission include the application of biodiesel. However, while urban PM exposure has been linked to adverse brain effects, little is known about the direct effects of PM from regular fossil diesel (PMDEP) and biodiesel (PMBIO) on neuronal function. Furthermore, it is unknown to what extent the PM-induced effects in the lung (e.g., inflammation) affect the brain. This in vitro study investigates direct and indirect toxicity of PMDEP and PMBIO on the lung and brain and compared it with effects of clean carbon particles (CP). PM were generated using a common rail diesel engine. CP was sampled from a spark generator. First, effects of 48 h exposure to PM and CP (1.2-3.9 µg/cm2) were assessed in an in vitro lung model (air-liquid interface co-culture of Calu-3 and THP1 cells) by measuring cell viability, cytotoxicity, barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative and cell stress. None of the exposures caused clear adverse effects and only minor changes in gene expression were observed. Next, the basal medium was collected for subsequent simulated inhalation exposure of rat primary cortical cells. Neuronal activity, recorded using microelectrode arrays (MEA), was increased after acute (0.5 h) simulated inhalation exposure. In contrast, direct exposure to PMDEP and PMBIO (1-100 µg/mL; 1.2-119 µg/cm2) reduced neuronal activity after 24 h with lowest observed effect levels of respectively 10 µg/mL and 30 µg/mL, indicating higher neurotoxic potency of PMDEP, whereas neuronal activity remained unaffected following CP exposure. These findings indicate that combustion-derived PM potently inhibit neuronal function following direct exposure, while the lung serves as a protective barrier. Furthermore, PMDEP exhibit a higher direct neurotoxic potency than PMBIO, and the data suggest that the neurotoxic effects is caused by adsorbed chemicals rather than the pure carbon core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora-Sophie Gerber
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk C A de Leijer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Rujas Arranz
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas M M L Lehmann
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Meike E Verheul
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Santoro A, Marino M, Vandenberg LN, Szychlinska MA, Lamparelli EP, Scalia F, Rocca ND, D'Auria R, Giovanna Pastorino GM, Porta GD, Operto FF, Viggiano A, Cappello F, Meccariello R. PLASTAMINATION: Outcomes on the Central Nervous System and Reproduction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1870-1898. [PMID: 38549522 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240216085947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures to non-biodegradable and biodegradable plastics are unavoidable. Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) from the manufacturing of plastics (primary sources) and the degradation of plastic waste (secondary sources) can enter the food chain directly or indirectly and, passing biological barriers, could target both the brain and the gonads. Hence, the worldwide diffusion of environmental plastic contamination (PLASTAMINATION) in daily life may represent a possible and potentially serious risk to human health. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the effects of non-biodegradable and the more recently introduced biodegradable MPs and NPs on the brain and brain-dependent reproductive functions, summarizing the molecular mechanisms and outcomes on nervous and reproductive organs. Data from in vitro, ex vivo, non-mammalian and mammalian animal models and epidemiological studies have been reviewed and discussed. RESULTS MPs and NPs from non-biodegradable plastics affect organs, tissues and cells from sensitive systems such as the brain and reproductive organs. Both MPs and NPs induce oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity, which in turn are responsible for neuroinflammation, dysregulation of synaptic functions, metabolic dysbiosis, poor gamete quality, and neuronal and reproductive toxicity. In spite of this mechanistic knowledge gained from studies of non-biodegradable plastics, relatively little is known about the adverse effects or molecular mechanisms of MPs and NPs from biodegradable plastics. CONCLUSION The neurological and reproductive health risks of MPs/NPs exposure warrant serious consideration, and further studies on biodegradable plastics are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Marianna Marino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria 94100 Enna (EN), Italy
| | - Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Federica Scalia
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Natalia Della Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Raffaella D'Auria
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of 84100 Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Department of Science of Health School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement and Wellness Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
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7
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Ishibashi Y, Nagafuku N, Kanda Y, Suzuki I. Evaluation of neurotoxicity for pesticide-related compounds in human iPS cell-derived neurons using microelectrode array. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105668. [PMID: 37633473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
In vivo evaluations of chemicals in neurotoxicity have certain limitations due to the considerable time and cost required, necessity of extrapolation from rodents to humans, and limited information on toxicity mechanisms. To address this issue, the development of in vitro test methods using new approach methodologies (NAMs) is important to evaluate the chemicals in neurotoxicity. Microelectrode array (MEA) allows the assessment of changes in neural network activity caused by compound administration. However, studies on compound evaluation criteria are scarce. In this study, we evaluated the impact of pesticides on neural activity using MEA measurements of human iPSC-derived neurons. A principal component analysis was performed on the electrical physiological parameters obtained by MEA measurements, and the influence of excessive neural activity due to compound addition was defined using the standard deviation of neural activity with solvent addition as the reference. By using known seizurogenic compounds as positive controls for neurotoxicity in MEA and evaluating pesticides with insufficient verification of their neurotoxicity in humans, we demonstrated that these pesticides exhibit neurotoxicity in humans. In conclusion, our data suggest that the neurotoxicity evaluation method in human iPSC neurons using MEA measurements could be one of the in vitro neurotoxicity test methods that could replace animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ishibashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan
| | - Nami Nagafuku
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ikuro Suzuki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan.
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8
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Lv S, He E, Luo J, Liu Y, Liang W, Xu S, Zhang K, Yang Y, Wang M, Song Y, Wu Y, Cai X. Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neurons on Microelectrode Arrays to Model Neurological Disease: A Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301828. [PMID: 37863819 PMCID: PMC10667858 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In situ physiological signals of in vitro neural disease models are essential for studying pathogenesis and drug screening. Currently, an increasing number of in vitro neural disease models are established using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived neurons (hiPSC-DNs) to overcome interspecific gene expression differences. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can be readily interfaced with two-dimensional (2D), and more recently, three-dimensional (3D) neural stem cell-derived in vitro models of the human brain to monitor their physiological activity in real time. Therefore, MEAs are emerging and useful tools to model neurological disorders and disease in vitro using human iPSCs. This is enabling a real-time window into neuronal signaling at the network scale from patient derived. This paper provides a comprehensive review of MEA's role in analyzing neural disease models established by hiPSC-DNs. It covers the significance of MEA fabrication, surface structure and modification schemes for hiPSC-DNs culturing and signal detection. Additionally, this review discusses advances in the development and use of MEA technology to study in vitro neural disease models, including epilepsy, autism spectrum developmental disorder (ASD), and others established using hiPSC-DNs. The paper also highlights the application of MEAs combined with hiPSC-DNs in detecting in vitro neurotoxic substances. Finally, the future development and outlook of multifunctional and integrated devices for in vitro medical diagnostics and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Enhui He
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- The State Key Lab of Brain‐Machine IntelligenceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou321100China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Shihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Mixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yirong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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9
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Ishibashi Y, Nagafuku N, Kinoshita K, Okamura A, Shirakawa T, Suzuki I. Verification of the seizure liability of compounds based on their in vitro functional activity in cultured rat cortical neurons and co-cultured human iPSC-derived neurons with astrocytes and in vivo extrapolation to cerebrospinal fluid concentration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 476:116675. [PMID: 37661062 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Methodical screening of safe and efficient drug candidate compounds is crucial for drug development. A high-throughput and accurate compound evaluation method targeting the central nervous system can be developed using in vitro neural networks. In particular, an evaluation system based on a human-derived neural network that can act as an alternative to animal experiments is desirable to avoid interspecific differences. A microelectrode array (MEA) is one such evaluation system, and can measure in vitro neural activity; however, studies on compound evaluation criteria and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation are scarce. In this study, we identified the parameters that can eliminate the effects of solvents from neural activity data obtained using MEA allow for accurate compound evaluation. Additionally, we resolved the issue associated with compound evaluation criteria during MEA using principal component analysis by considering the neuronal activity exceeding standard deviation (SD) of the solvent as indicator of seizurogenic potential. Overall, 10 seizurogenic compounds and three negative controls were assessed using MEA-based co-cultured human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes, and primary rat cortical neurons. In addition, we determined rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations during tremor and convulsion in response to exposure to test compounds. To characterize the in vitro to in vivo extrapolation and species differences, we compared the concentrations at which neuronal activity exceeding the SD range of the solvent was detectable using the MEA system and rat CSF concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishibashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan
| | - N Nagafuku
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan
| | - K Kinoshita
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - A Okamura
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - T Shirakawa
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - I Suzuki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan.
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10
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Loedige I, Baranovskii A, Mendonsa S, Dantsuji S, Popitsch N, Breimann L, Zerna N, Cherepanov V, Milek M, Ameres S, Chekulaeva M. mRNA stability and m 6A are major determinants of subcellular mRNA localization in neurons. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2709-2725.e10. [PMID: 37451262 PMCID: PMC10529935 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
For cells to perform their biological functions, they need to adopt specific shapes and form functionally distinct subcellular compartments. This is achieved in part via an asymmetric distribution of mRNAs within cells. Currently, the main model of mRNA localization involves specific sequences called "zipcodes" that direct mRNAs to their proper locations. However, while thousands of mRNAs localize within cells, only a few zipcodes have been identified, suggesting that additional mechanisms contribute to localization. Here, we assess the role of mRNA stability in localization by combining the isolation of the soma and neurites of mouse primary cortical and mESC-derived neurons, SLAM-seq, m6A-RIP-seq, the perturbation of mRNA destabilization mechanisms, and the analysis of multiple mRNA localization datasets. We show that depletion of mRNA destabilization elements, such as m6A, AU-rich elements, and suboptimal codons, functions as a mechanism that mediates the localization of mRNAs associated with housekeeping functions to neurites in several types of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Loedige
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Artem Baranovskii
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Samantha Mendonsa
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Sayaka Dantsuji
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Niko Popitsch
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Breimann
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nadja Zerna
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Vsevolod Cherepanov
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Miha Milek
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Stefan Ameres
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Chekulaeva
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany.
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11
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Colombo S, Reddy HP, Petri S, Williams DJ, Shalomov B, Dhindsa RS, Gelfman S, Krizay D, Bera AK, Yang M, Peng Y, Makinson CD, Boland MJ, Frankel WN, Goldstein DB, Dascal N. Epilepsy in a mouse model of GNB1 encephalopathy arises from altered potassium (GIRK) channel signaling and is alleviated by a GIRK inhibitor. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1175895. [PMID: 37275776 PMCID: PMC10232839 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1175895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations in GNB1, encoding the Gβ1 subunit of G proteins, cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with global developmental delay and epilepsy, GNB1 encephalopathy. Here, we show that mice carrying a pathogenic mutation, K78R, recapitulate aspects of the disorder, including developmental delay and generalized seizures. Cultured mutant cortical neurons also display aberrant bursting activity on multi-electrode arrays. Strikingly, the antiepileptic drug ethosuximide (ETX) restores normal neuronal network behavior in vitro and suppresses spike-and-wave discharges (SWD) in vivo. ETX is a known blocker of T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and G protein-coupled potassium (GIRK) channels. Accordingly, we present evidence that K78R results in a gain-of-function (GoF) effect by increasing the activation of GIRK channels in cultured neurons and a heterologous model (Xenopus oocytes)-an effect we show can be potently inhibited by ETX. This work implicates a GoF mechanism for GIRK channels in epilepsy, identifies a new mechanism of action for ETX in preventing seizures, and establishes this mouse model as a pre-clinical tool for translational research with predicative value for GNB1 encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Colombo
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Haritha P. Reddy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sabrina Petri
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Damian J. Williams
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Boris Shalomov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ryan S. Dhindsa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sahar Gelfman
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Krizay
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amal K. Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mu Yang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Mouse NeuroBehavior Core Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yueqing Peng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher D. Makinson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Boland
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wayne N. Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nathan Dascal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Ahtiainen A, Annala I, Rosenholm M, Kohtala S, Hyttinen J, Tanskanen JMA, Rantamäki T. Ketamine reduces electrophysiological network activity in cortical neuron cultures already at sub-micromolar concentrations - Impact on TrkB-ERK1/2 signaling. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109481. [PMID: 36868403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative anesthetic ketamine regulates cortical activity in a dose-dependent manner. Subanesthetic-dose ketamine has paradoxical excitatory effects which is proposed to facilitate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (a ligand of tropomyosin receptor kinase B, TrkB) signaling, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Previous data suggests that ketamine, at sub-micromolar concentrations, induces glutamatergic activity, BDNF release, and activation of ERK1/2 also on primary cortical neurons. We combined western blot analysis with multiwell-microelectrode array (mw-MEA) measurements to examine ketamine's concentration-dependent effects on network-level electrophysiological responses and TrkB-ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rat cortical cultures at 14 days in vitro. Ketamine did not cause an increase in neuronal network activity at sub-micromolar concentrations, but instead a decrease in spiking that was evident already at 500 nM concentration. TrkB phosphorylation was unaffected by the low concentrations, although BDNF elicited prominent phosphorylation response. High concentration of ketamine (10 μM) strongly reduced spiking, bursting and burst duration, which was accompanied with decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not TrkB. Notably, robust increases in spiking and bursting activity could be produced with carbachol, while it did not affect phosphorylation of TrkB or ERK1/2. Diazepam abolished neuronal activity, which was accompanied by reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation without change on TrkB. In conclusion, sub-micromolar ketamine concentrations did not cause an increase in neuronal network activity or TrkB-ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cortical neuron cultures that readily respond to exogenously applied BDNF. Instead, pharmacological inhibition of network activity can be readily observed with high concentration of ketamine and it is associated with reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahtiainen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - I Annala
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Biocenter 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
| | - M Rosenholm
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Biocenter 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - S Kohtala
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Biocenter 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - J M A Tanskanen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Rantamäki
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Biocenter 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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13
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Hartmann J, Henschel N, Bartmann K, Dönmez A, Brockerhoff G, Koch K, Fritsche E. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Different BrainSphere Models for Use in Neurotoxicity Testing on Microelectrode Arrays. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091270. [PMID: 37174670 PMCID: PMC10177384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently accepted methods for neurotoxicity (NT) testing rely on animal studies. However, high costs and low testing throughput hinder their application for large numbers of chemicals. To overcome these limitations, in vitro methods are currently being developed based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) that allow higher testing throughput at lower costs. We applied six different protocols to generate 3D BrainSphere models for acute NT evaluation. These include three different media for 2D neural induction and two media for subsequent 3D differentiation resulting in self-organized, organotypic neuron/astrocyte microtissues. All induction protocols yielded nearly 100% NESTIN-positive hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiNPCs), though with different gene expression profiles concerning regional patterning. Moreover, gene expression and immunocytochemistry analyses revealed that the choice of media determines neural differentiation patterns. On the functional level, BrainSpheres exhibited different levels of electrical activity on microelectrode arrays (MEA). Spike sorting allowed BrainSphere functional characterization with the mixed cultures consisting of GABAergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons. A test method for acute NT testing, the human multi-neurotransmitter receptor (hMNR) assay, was proposed to apply such MEA-based spike sorting. These models are promising tools not only in toxicology but also for drug development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartmann
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Noah Henschel
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Bartmann
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arif Dönmez
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Brockerhoff
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Gerber LS, van Kleef RGDM, Fokkens P, Cassee FR, Westerink RH. In vitro neurotoxicity screening of engine oil- and hydraulic fluid-derived aircraft cabin bleed-air contamination. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:184-196. [PMID: 37120036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In most airplanes, cabin air is extracted from the turbine compressors, so-called bleed air. Bleed air can become contaminated by leakage of engine oil or hydraulic fluid and possible neurotoxic constituents, like triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP). The aim of this study was to characterize the neurotoxic hazard of TBP and TPhP, and to compare this with the possible hazard of fumes originating from engine oils and hydraulic fluids in vitro. Effects on spontaneous neuronal activity were recorded in rat primary cortical cultures grown on microelectrode arrays following exposure for 0.5h (acute), and 24h and 48h (prolonged) to TBP and TPhP (0.01 - 100µM) or fume extracts (1 - 100µg/mL) prepared from four selected engine oils and two hydraulic fluids by a laboratory bleed air simulator. TPhP and TBP concentration-dependently reduced neuronal activity with equal potency, particularly during acute exposure (TPhP IC50: 10 - 12µM; TBP IC50: 15 - 18µM). Engine oil-derived fume extracts persistently reduced neuronal activity. Hydraulic fluid-derived fume extracts showed a stronger inhibition during 0.5h exposure, but the degree of inhibition attenuates during 48h. Overall, fume extracts from hydraulic fluids were more potent than those from engine oils, in particular during 0.5h exposure, although the higher toxicity is unlikely to be due only to higher levels of TBP and TPhP in hydraulic fluids. Our combined data show that bleed air contaminants originating from selected engine oils or hydraulic fluids exhibit neurotoxic hazard in vitro, with fumes derived from the selected hydraulic fluids being most potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora-Sophie Gerber
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Regina G D M van Kleef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Fokkens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Hs Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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15
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Pearson-Smith JN, Fulton R, Huynh CQ, Figueroa AG, Huynh GB, Liang LP, Gano LB, Michel CR, Reisdorph N, Reisdorph R, Fritz KS, Verdin E, Patel M. Neuronal SIRT3 Deletion Predisposes to Female-Specific Alterations in Cellular Metabolism, Memory, and Network Excitability. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1845-1857. [PMID: 36759193 PMCID: PMC10010453 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1259-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of neurologic disorders and aging. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial function in response to the cellular environment through the reversible deacetylation of proteins involved in metabolism and reactive oxygen species detoxification. As the primary mitochondrial deacetylase, germline, or peripheral tissue-specific deletion of SIRT3 produces mitochondrial hyperacetylation and the accelerated development of age-related diseases. Given the unique metabolic demands of neurons, the role of SIRT3 in the brain is only beginning to emerge. Using mass spectrometry-based acetylomics, high-resolution respirometry, video-EEG, and cognition testing, we report targeted deletion of SIRT3 from select neurons in the cortex and hippocampus produces altered neuronal excitability and metabolic dysfunction in female mice. Targeted deletion of SIRT3 from neuronal helix-loop-helix 1 (NEX)-expressing neurons resulted in mitochondrial hyperacetylation, female-specific superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) modification, increased steady-state superoxide levels, metabolic reprogramming, altered neuronal excitability, and working spatial memory deficits. Inducible neuronal deletion of SIRT3 likewise produced female-specific deficits in spatial working memory. Together, the data demonstrate that deletion of SIRT3 from forebrain neurons selectively predisposes female mice to deficits in mitochondrial and cognitive function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mitochondrial SIRT3 is an enzyme shown to regulate energy metabolism and antioxidant function, by direct deacetylation of proteins. In this study, we show that neuronal SIRT3 deficiency renders female mice selectively vulnerable to impairment in redox and metabolic function, spatial memory, and neuronal excitability. The observed sex-specific effects on cognition and neuronal excitability in female SIRT3-deficient mice suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be one factor underlying comorbid neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Furthermore, the data suggest that SIRT3 dysfunction may predispose females to age-related metabolic and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Pearson-Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Ruth Fulton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Christopher Q Huynh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Anna G Figueroa
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Gia B Huynh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Lindsey B Gano
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Cole R Michel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Richard Reisdorph
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Aging, Novato, California 94945
| | - Manisha Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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16
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Staal YCM, Li Y, Gerber LS, Fokkens P, Cremers H, Cassee FR, Talhout R, Westerink RHS, Heusinkveld HJ. Neuromodulatory and neurotoxic effects of e-cigarette vapor using a realistic exposure method. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:76-85. [PMID: 36053669 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2118911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The most direct effects of inhaled harmful constituents are the effects on the airways. However, inhaled compounds can be rapidly absorbed and subsequently result in systemic effects. For example, e-cigarette vapor has been shown to evoke local effects in the lung, although little is known about subsequent effects in secondary target organs such as the brain. Traditionally, such effects are tested using in vivo models. As an alternative, we have combined two in vitro systems, which are Air-Liquid-Interface (ALI) cultured alveolar cells (A549) and rat primary cortical cultures grown on multi-well microelectrode arrays. This allows us to assess the neurological effects of inhaled compounds. We have used exposure to e-cigarette vapor, containing nicotine, menthol, or vanillin to test the model. Our results show that ALI cultured A549 cells respond to the exposure with the production of cytokines (IL8 and GROalpha). Furthermore, nicotine, menthol, and vanillin were found on the basolateral side of the cell culture, which indicates their translocation. Upon transfer of the basolateral medium to the primary cortical culture, exposure-related changes in spontaneous electrical activity were observed correlating with the presence of e-liquid components in the medium. These clear neuromodulatory effects demonstrate the feasibility of combining continuous exposure of ALI cultured cells with subsequent exposure of neuronal cells to assess neurotoxicity. Although further optimization steps are needed, such a combination of methods is important to assess the neurotoxic effects of inhaled compounds realistically. As such, an approach like this could play a role in future mechanism-based risk assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne C M Staal
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Yixuan Li
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lora-Sophie Gerber
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul Fokkens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Hans Cremers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Reinskje Talhout
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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17
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Han X, Matsuda N, Ishibashi Y, Odawara A, Takahashi S, Tooi N, Kinoshita K, Suzuki I. A functional neuron maturation device provides convenient application on microelectrode array for neural network measurement. Biomater Res 2022; 26:84. [PMID: 36539898 PMCID: PMC9768978 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microelectrode array (MEA) systems are valuable for in vitro assessment of neurotoxicity and drug efficiency. However, several difficulties such as protracted functional maturation and high experimental costs hinder the use of MEA analysis requiring human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Neural network functional parameters are also needed for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. METHODS In the present study, we produced a cost effective nanofiber culture platform, the SCAD device, for long-term culture of hiPSC-derived neurons and primary peripheral neurons. The notable advantage of SCAD device is convenient application on multiple MEA systems for neuron functional analysis. RESULTS We showed that the SCAD device could promote functional maturation of cultured hiPSC-derived neurons, and neurons responded appropriately to convulsant agents. Furthermore, we successfully analyzed parameters for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation, i.e., low-frequency components and synaptic propagation velocity of the signal, potentially reflecting neural network functions from neurons cultured on SCAD device. Finally, we measured the axonal conduction velocity of peripheral neurons. CONCLUSIONS Neurons cultured on SCAD devices might constitute a reliable in vitro platform to investigate neuron functions, drug efficacy and toxicity, and neuropathological mechanisms by MEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Han
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuda
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Yuto Ishibashi
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Aoi Odawara
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Sayuri Takahashi
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Norie Tooi
- Stem Cell & Device Laboratory, Inc. (SCAD), OFFICE-ONE Shijo Karasuma 11F, 480, Niwatoriboko-Cho, Shimogyo-Ku, Kyoto, 600-8491 Japan
| | - Koshi Kinoshita
- Stem Cell & Device Laboratory, Inc. (SCAD), OFFICE-ONE Shijo Karasuma 11F, 480, Niwatoriboko-Cho, Shimogyo-Ku, Kyoto, 600-8491 Japan
| | - Ikuro Suzuki
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
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18
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Martin MM, Baker NC, Boyes WK, Carstens KE, Culbreth ME, Gilbert ME, Harrill JA, Nyffeler J, Padilla S, Friedman KP, Shafer TJ. An expert-driven literature review of "negative" chemicals for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in vitro assay evaluation. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 93:107117. [PMID: 35908584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To date, approximately 200 chemicals have been tested in US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) guideline studies, leaving thousands of chemicals without traditional animal information on DNT hazard potential. To address this data gap, a battery of in vitro DNT new approach methodologies (NAMs) has been proposed. Evaluation of the performance of this battery will increase the confidence in its use to determine DNT chemical hazards. One approach to evaluate DNT NAM performance is to use a set of chemicals to evaluate sensitivity and specificity. Since a list of chemicals with potential evidence of in vivo DNT has been established, this study aims to develop a curated list of "negative" chemicals for inclusion in a "DNT NAM evaluation set". A workflow, including a literature search followed by an expert-driven literature review, was used to systematically screen 39 chemicals for lack of DNT effect. Expert panel members evaluated the scientific robustness of relevant studies to inform chemical categorizations. Following review, the panel discussed each chemical and made categorical determinations of "Favorable", "Not Favorable", or "Indeterminate" reflecting acceptance, lack of suitability, or uncertainty given specific limitations and considerations, respectively. The panel determined that 10, 22, and 7 chemicals met the criteria for "Favorable", "Not Favorable", and "Indeterminate", for use as negatives in a DNT NAM evaluation set. Ultimately, this approach not only supports DNT NAM performance evaluation but also highlights challenges in identifying large numbers of negative DNT chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Martin
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Nancy C Baker
- Leidos, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - William K Boyes
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Kelly E Carstens
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Megan E Culbreth
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Mary E Gilbert
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Joshua A Harrill
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Johanna Nyffeler
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Stephanie Padilla
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Katie Paul Friedman
- Computational Toxicology & Bioinformatics Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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19
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Moser VC, Morris-Schaffer K, Richardson JR, Li AA. Glyphosate and neurological outcomes: A systematic literature review of animal studies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:162-209. [PMID: 35676826 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2083739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies of nervous system effects of glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, have not been critically examined. The aim of this paper was to systematically review glyphosate-induced neurotoxicity literature to determine its usefulness in regulatory decision-making. The review was restricted to mammalian studies of behavior, neuropathology, and neuropharmacology; in vitro and other biochemical studies were considered supplementary information. Glyphosate formulation studies were also considered, despite uncertainties regarding toxicities of the formulated products; no studies used a formulation vehicle as the control. Inclusion criteria were developed a priori to ensure consistent evaluation of studies, and in vivo investigations were also ranked using ToxRTool software to determine reliability. There were 27 in vivo studies (open literature and available regulatory reports), but 11 studies were considered unreliable (mostly due to critical methodological deficiencies). There were only seven acceptable investigations on glyphosate alone. Studies differed in terms of dosing scenarios, experimental designs, test species, and commercial product. Limitations included using only one dose and/or one test time, small sample sizes, limited data presentation, and/or overtly toxic doses. While motor activity was the most consistently affected endpoint (10 of 12 studies), there were considerable differences in outcomes. In six investigations, there were no marked neuropathological changes in the central or peripheral nervous system. Other neurological effects were less consistent, and some outcomes were less convincing due to influences including high variability and small effect sizes. Taken together, these studies do not demonstrate a consistent impact of glyphosate on the structure or function of the mammalian nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Morris-Schaffer
- Exponent Inc, Center for Chemical Regulation and Food Safety, Sacramento, California
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Abby A Li
- Exponent Inc, Center for Health Sciences, Oakland, CA, United States
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20
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Bryson A, Mendis D, Morrisroe E, Reid CA, Halgamuge S, Petrou S. Classification of antiseizure drugs in cultured neuronal networks using multielectrode arrays and unsupervised learning. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1693-1703. [PMID: 35460272 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiseizure drugs (ASDs) modulate synaptic and ion channel function to prevent abnormal hypersynchronous or excitatory activity arising in neuronal networks, but the relationship between ASDs with respect to their impact on network activity is poorly defined. In this study, we first investigated whether different ASD classes exert differential impact upon network activity, and we then sought to classify ASDs according to their impact on network activity. METHODS We used multielectrode arrays (MEAs) to record the network activity of cultured cortical neurons after applying ASDs from two classes: sodium channel blockers (SCBs) and γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-positive allosteric modulators (GABA PAMs). A two-dimensional representation of changes in network features was then derived, and the ability of this low-dimensional representation to classify ASDs with different molecular targets was assessed. RESULTS A two-dimensional representation of network features revealed a separation between the SCB and GABA PAM drug classes, and could classify several test compounds known to act through these molecular targets. Interestingly, several ASDs with novel targets, such as cannabidiol and retigabine, had closer similarity to the SCB class with respect to their impact upon network activity. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that the molecular target of two common classes of ASDs is reflected through characteristic changes in network activity of cultured neurons. Furthermore, a low-dimensional representation of network features can be used to infer an ASDs molecular target. This approach may allow for drug screening to be performed based on features extracted from MEA recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bryson
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Emma Morrisroe
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saman Halgamuge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Electrical, Mechanical, and Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Dobreniecki S, Mendez E, Lowit A, Freudenrich TM, Wallace K, Carpenter A, Wetmore BA, Kreutz A, Korol-Bexell E, Friedman KP, Shafer TJ. Integration of toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic new approach methods into a weight-of-evidence analysis for pesticide developmental neurotoxicity assessment: A case-study with DL- and L-glufosinate. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 131:105167. [PMID: 35413399 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
DL-glufosinate ammonium (DL-GLF) is a registered herbicide for which a guideline Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) study has been conducted. Offspring effects included altered brain morphometrics, decreased body weight, and increased motor activity. Guideline DNT studies are not available for its enriched isomers L-GLF acid and L-GLF ammonium; conducting one would be time consuming, resource-intensive, and possibly redundant given the existing DL-GLF DNT. To support deciding whether to request a guideline DNT study for the L-GLF isomers, DL-GLF and the L-GLF isomers were screened using in vitro assays for network formation and neurite outgrowth. DL-GLF and L-GLF isomers were without effects in both assays. DL-GLF and L-GLF (1-100 μM) isomers increased mean firing rate of mature networks to 120-140% of baseline. In vitro toxicokinetic assessments were used to derive administered equivalent doses (AEDs) for the in vitro testing concentrations. The AED for L-GLF was ∼3X higher than the NOAEL from the DL-GLF DNT indicating that the available guideline study would be protective of potential DNT due to L-GLF exposure. Based in part on the results of these in vitro studies, EPA is not requiring L-GLF isomer guideline DNT studies, thereby providing a case study for a useful application of DNT screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Lowit
- Office of Pesticide Programs USEPA, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Theresa M Freudenrich
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Wallace
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Amy Carpenter
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Barbara A Wetmore
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anna Kreutz
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Katie Paul Friedman
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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22
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Functional Characterization of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Models of the Brain with Microelectrode Arrays. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010106. [PMID: 35011667 PMCID: PMC8750870 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neuron cultures have emerged as models of electrical activity in the human brain. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) measure changes in the extracellular electric potential of cell cultures or tissues and enable the recording of neuronal network activity. MEAs have been applied to both human subjects and hPSC-derived brain models. Here, we review the literature on the functional characterization of hPSC-derived two- and three-dimensional brain models with MEAs and examine their network function in physiological and pathological contexts. We also summarize MEA results from the human brain and compare them to the literature on MEA recordings of hPSC-derived brain models. MEA recordings have shown network activity in two-dimensional hPSC-derived brain models that is comparable to the human brain and revealed pathology-associated changes in disease models. Three-dimensional hPSC-derived models such as brain organoids possess a more relevant microenvironment, tissue architecture and potential for modeling the network activity with more complexity than two-dimensional models. hPSC-derived brain models recapitulate many aspects of network function in the human brain and provide valid disease models, but certain advancements in differentiation methods, bioengineering and available MEA technology are needed for these approaches to reach their full potential.
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23
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Electrophysiological- and Neuropharmacological-Based Benchmarking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived and Primary Rodent Neurons. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:259-277. [PMID: 34687385 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons are of interest for studying neurological disease mechanisms, developing potential therapies and deepening our understanding of the human nervous system. However, compared to an extensive history of practice with primary rodent neuron cultures, human iPSC-neurons still require more robust characterization of expression of neuronal receptors and ion channels and functional and predictive pharmacological responses. In this study, we differentiated human amniotic fluid-derived iPSCs into a mixed population of neurons (AF-iNs). Functional assessments were performed by evaluating electrophysiological (patch-clamp) properties and the effect of a panel of neuropharmacological agents on spontaneous activity (multi-electrode arrays; MEAs). These electrophysiological data were benchmarked relative to commercially sourced human iPSC-derived neurons (CNS.4U from Ncardia), primary human neurons (ScienCell™) and primary rodent cortical/hippocampal neurons. Patch-clamp whole-cell recordings showed that mature AF-iNs generated repetitive firing of action potentials in response to depolarizations, similar to that of primary rodent cortical/hippocampal neurons, with nearly half of the neurons displaying spontaneous post-synaptic currents. Immunochemical and MEA-based analyses indicated that AF-iNs were composed of functional glutamatergic excitatory and inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Principal component analysis of MEA data indicated that human AF-iN and rat neurons exhibited distinct pharmacological and electrophysiological properties. Collectively, this study establishes a necessary prerequisite for AF-iNs as a human neuron culture model suitable for pharmacological studies.
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24
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Tukker AM, Westerink RHS. Novel test strategies for in vitro seizure liability assessment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:923-936. [PMID: 33595380 PMCID: PMC8367052 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1876026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing incidence of mental illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases results in a high demand for drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS). These drugs easily reach the CNS, have a high affinity for CNS targets, and are prone to cause seizures as an adverse drug reaction. Current seizure liability assessment heavily depends on in vivo or ex vivo animal models and is therefore ethically debated, labor intensive, expensive, and not always predictive for human risk. AREAS COVERED The demand for CNS drugs urges the development of alternative safety assessment strategies. Yet, the complexity of the CNS hampers reliable detection of compound-induced seizures. This review provides an overview of the requirements of in vitro seizure liability assays and highlights recent advances, including micro-electrode array (MEA) recordings using rodent and human cell models. EXPERT OPINION Successful and cost-effective replacement of in vivo and ex vivo models for seizure liability screening can reduce animal use for drug development, while increasing the predictive value of the assays, particularly if human cell models are used. However, these novel test strategies require further validation and standardization as well as additional refinements to better mimic the human in vivo situation and increase their predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M. Tukker
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Hall for Discovery and Learning Research (DLR 339), INUSA
| | - Remco H. S. Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Mossink B, Verboven AHA, van Hugte EJH, Klein Gunnewiek TM, Parodi G, Linda K, Schoenmaker C, Kleefstra T, Kozicz T, van Bokhoven H, Schubert D, Nadif Kasri N, Frega M. Human neuronal networks on micro-electrode arrays are a highly robust tool to study disease-specific genotype-phenotype correlations in vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2182-2196. [PMID: 34329594 PMCID: PMC8452490 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) are increasingly used to characterize neuronal network activity of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons. Despite their gain in popularity, MEA recordings from hiPSC-derived neuronal networks are not always used to their full potential in respect to experimental design, execution, and data analysis. Therefore, we benchmarked the robustness of MEA-derived neuronal activity patterns from ten healthy individual control lines, and uncover comparable network phenotypes. To achieve standardization, we provide recommendations on experimental design and analysis. With such standardization, MEAs can be used as a reliable platform to distinguish (disease-specific) network phenotypes. In conclusion, we show that MEAs are a powerful and robust tool to uncover functional neuronal network phenotypes from hiPSC-derived neuronal networks, and provide an important resource to advance the hiPSC field toward the use of MEAs for disease phenotyping and drug discovery. MEAs are a robust tool to model neuronal network functioning Neuronal networks from different healthy donors show comparable network activity MEAs are able to distinguish disease-specific neuronal network phenotypes We provide recommendations to standardize neuronal network recordings on MEA
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Mossink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk H A Verboven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eline J H van Hugte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; ACE Kempenhaeghe, Department of Epileptology, 5591 VE Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - Teun M Klein Gunnewiek
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Giulia Parodi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katrin Linda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Schoenmaker
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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26
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Gerber LS, van Melis LVJ, van Kleef RGDM, de Groot A, Westerink RHS. Culture of Rat Primary Cortical Cells for Microelectrode Array (MEA) Recordings to Screen for Acute and Developmental Neurotoxicity. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e158. [PMID: 34152700 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity testing of chemicals, drug candidates, and environmental pollutants still relies on extensive in vivo studies that are very costly, time-consuming, and ethically debated due to the large number of animals typically used. Currently, rat primary cortical cultures are widely used for in vitro neurotoxicity studies, as they closely resemble the in vitro brain with respect to the diversity of cell types, their physiological functions, and the pathological processes that they undergo. Common in vitro assays for neurotoxicity screening often focus on very target-specific endpoints such as morphological, biochemical, or electrophysiological changes, and such narrow focus can hamper translation and interpretation. Microelectrode array (MEA) recordings provide a non-invasive platform for extracellular recording of electrical activity of cultured neuronal cells, thereby enabling the evaluation of changes in neuronal (network) function as a sensitive and integrated endpoint for neurotoxicity screening. Here, we describe an in vitro approach for assessing changes in neuronal network function as a measure for neurotoxicity, using rat primary cortical cultures grown on MEAs. We provide a detailed protocol for the culture of rat primary cortical cells, and describe several experimental procedures to address acute, subchronic, and chronic exposure scenarios. We additionally describe the steps for processing and analyzing MEA and cell viability data. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and culture of rat primary cortical cells on 48-well MEA plates Support Protocol 1: Pretreatment and washing of 48-well MEA plates before first use or for re-use Support Protocol 2: Coating of 48-well MEA plates with 0.1% PEI solution Basic Protocol 2: MEA measurements during acute exposure Alternate Protocol 1: MEA measurements during subchronic exposure Alternate Protocol 2: MEA measurements during chronic exposure Support Protocol 3: Determination of cell viability after MEA experiments Basic Protocol 3: MEA data processing Basic Protocol 4: Analyzing MEA experiments after acute and subchronic exposure Alternate Protocol 3: Analyzing MEA experiments after chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora-Sophie Gerber
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart V J van Melis
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Regina G D M van Kleef
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aart de Groot
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Raj V, Jagadish C, Gautam V. Understanding, engineering, and modulating the growth of neural networks: An interdisciplinary approach. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:021303. [PMID: 38505122 PMCID: PMC10903502 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the brain and its function remains one of the most significant scientific challenges. It not only is required to find cures for a plethora of brain-related diseases and injuries but also opens up possibilities for achieving technological wonders, such as brain-machine interface and highly energy-efficient computing devices. Central to the brain's function is its basic functioning unit (i.e., the neuron). There has been a tremendous effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of neuronal growth on both biochemical and biophysical levels. In the past decade, this increased understanding has led to the possibility of controlling and modulating neuronal growth in vitro through external chemical and physical methods. We provide a detailed overview of the most fundamental aspects of neuronal growth and discuss how researchers are using interdisciplinary ideas to engineer neuronal networks in vitro. We first discuss the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of neuronal growth as we stress the fact that the biochemical or biophysical processes during neuronal growth are not independent of each other but, rather, are complementary. Next, we discuss how utilizing these fundamental mechanisms can enable control over neuronal growth for advanced neuroengineering and biomedical applications. At the end of this review, we discuss some of the open questions and our perspectives on the challenges and possibilities related to controlling and engineering the growth of neuronal networks, specifically in relation to the materials, substrates, model systems, modulation techniques, data science, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidur Raj
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Vini Gautam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Ratri MC, Brilian AI, Setiawati A, Nguyen HT, Soum V, Shin K. Recent Advances in Regenerative Tissue Fabrication: Tools, Materials, and Microenvironment in Hierarchical Aspects. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cahyaning Ratri
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Education Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Albertus Ivan Brilian
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Agustina Setiawati
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Pharmacy Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Huong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Veasna Soum
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
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Passaro AP, Aydin O, Saif MTA, Stice SL. Development of an objective index, neural activity score (NAS), reveals neural network ontogeny and treatment effects on microelectrode arrays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9110. [PMID: 33907294 PMCID: PMC8079414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are valuable tools for electrophysiological analysis, providing assessment of neural network health and development. Analysis can be complex, however, requiring intensive processing of large data sets consisting of many activity parameters, leading to information loss as studies subjectively report relatively few metrics in the interest of simplicity. In screening assays, many groups report simple overall activity (i.e. firing rate) but omit network connectivity changes (e.g. burst characteristics and synchrony) that may not be evident from basic parameters. Our goal was to develop an objective process to capture most of the valuable information gained from MEAs in neural development and toxicity studies. We implemented principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the high dimensionality of MEA data. Upon analysis, we found the first principal component was strongly correlated to time, representing neural culture development; therefore, factor loadings were used to create a single index score-named neural activity score (NAS)-reflecting neural maturation. For validation, we applied NAS to studies analyzing various treatments. In all cases, NAS accurately recapitulated expected results, suggesting viability of NAS to measure network health and development. This approach may be adopted by other researchers using MEAs to analyze complicated treatment effects and multicellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P. Passaro
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XRegenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDivision of Neuroscience, Biomedical Health and Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Onur Aydin
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - M. Taher A. Saif
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Steven L. Stice
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XRegenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDivision of Neuroscience, Biomedical Health and Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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Antrobus S, Pressly B, Nik AM, Wulff H, Pessah IN. Structure-Activity Relationship of Neuroactive Steroids, Midazolam, and Perampanel Toward Mitigating Tetramine-Triggered Activity in Murine Hippocampal Neuronal Networks. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:325-341. [PMID: 33483729 PMCID: PMC8599726 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (tetramine or TETS), a potent convulsant, triggers abnormal electrical spike activity (ESA) and synchronous Ca2+ oscillation (SCO) patterns in cultured neuronal networks by blocking gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors. Murine hippocampal neuronal/glial cocultures develop extensive dendritic connectivity between glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs and display two distinct SCO patterns when imaged with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4: Low amplitude SCO events (LASE) and High amplitude SCO events (HASE) that are dependent on TTX-sensitive network electrical spike activity (ESA). Acute TETS (3.0 µM) increased overall network SCO amplitude and decreased SCO frequency by stabilizing HASE and suppressing LASE while increasing ESA. In multielectrode arrays, TETS also increased burst frequency and synchronicity. In the presence of TETS (3.0 µM), the clinically used anticonvulsive perampanel (0.1-3.0 µM), a noncompetitive AMPAR antagonist, suppressed all SCO activity, whereas the GABAA receptor potentiator midazolam (1.0-30 µM), the current standard of care, reciprocally suppressed HASE and stabilized LASE. The neuroactive steroid (NAS) allopregnanolone (0.1-3.0 µM) normalized TETS-triggered patterns by selectively suppressing HASE and increasing LASE, a pharmacological pattern distinct from its epimeric form eltanolone, ganaxolone, alphaxolone, and XJ-42, which significantly potentiated TETS-triggered HASE in a biphasic manner. Cortisol failed to mitigate TETS-triggered patterns and at >1 µM augmented them. Combinations of allopregnanolone and midazolam were significantly more effective at normalizing TETS-triggered SCO patterns, ESA patterns, and more potently enhanced GABA-activated Cl- current, than either drug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Antrobus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Brandon Pressly
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Atefeh Mousavi Nik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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31
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Passaro AP, Stice SL. Electrophysiological Analysis of Brain Organoids: Current Approaches and Advancements. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:622137. [PMID: 33510616 PMCID: PMC7835643 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.622137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids, or cerebral organoids, have become widely used to study the human brain in vitro. As pluripotent stem cell-derived structures capable of self-organization and recapitulation of physiological cell types and architecture, brain organoids bridge the gap between relatively simple two-dimensional human cell cultures and non-human animal models. This allows for high complexity and physiological relevance in a controlled in vitro setting, opening the door for a variety of applications including development and disease modeling and high-throughput screening. While technologies such as single cell sequencing have led to significant advances in brain organoid characterization and understanding, improved functional analysis (especially electrophysiology) is needed to realize the full potential of brain organoids. In this review, we highlight key technologies for brain organoid development and characterization, then discuss current electrophysiological methods for brain organoid analysis. While electrophysiological approaches have improved rapidly for two-dimensional cultures, only in the past several years have advances been made to overcome limitations posed by the three-dimensionality of brain organoids. Here, we review major advances in electrophysiological technologies and analytical methods with a focus on advances with applicability for brain organoid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P. Passaro
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical & Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Steven L. Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical & Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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32
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Loser D, Schaefer J, Danker T, Möller C, Brüll M, Suciu I, Ückert AK, Klima S, Leist M, Kraushaar U. Human neuronal signaling and communication assays to assess functional neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:229-252. [PMID: 33269408 PMCID: PMC7811517 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of drug toxicity on the human nervous system still relies mainly on animal experiments. Here, we developed an alternative system allowing assessment of complex signaling in both individual human neurons and on the network level. The LUHMES cultures used for our approach can be cultured in 384-well plates with high reproducibility. We established here high-throughput quantification of free intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i as broadly applicable surrogate of neuronal activity and verified the main processes by patch clamp recordings. Initially, we characterized the expression pattern of many neuronal signaling components and selected the purinergic receptors to demonstrate the applicability of the [Ca2+]i signals for quantitative characterization of agonist and antagonist responses on classical ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors. This included receptor sub-typing and the characterization of the anti-parasitic drug suramin as modulator of the cellular response to ATP. To exemplify potential studies on ion channels, we characterized voltage-gated sodium channels and their inhibition by tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin and lidocaine, as well as their opening by the plant alkaloid veratridine and the food-relevant marine biotoxin ciguatoxin. Even broader applicability of [Ca2+]i quantification as an end point was demonstrated by measurements of dopamine transporter activity based on the membrane potential-changing activity of this neurotransmitter carrier. The substrates dopamine or amphetamine triggered [Ca2+]i oscillations that were synchronized over the entire culture dish. We identified compounds that modified these oscillations by interfering with various ion channels. Thus, this new test system allows multiple types of neuronal signaling, within and between cells, to be assessed, quantified and characterized for their potential disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Loser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- NMI TT GmbH, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- Life Sciences Faculty, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72488, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schaefer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- NMI TT GmbH, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Clemens Möller
- Life Sciences Faculty, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72488, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Markus Brüll
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Ückert
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Stefanie Klima
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany.
| | - Udo Kraushaar
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
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Tukker AM, Wijnolts FMJ, de Groot A, Westerink RHS. Applicability of hiPSC-Derived Neuronal Cocultures and Rodent Primary Cortical Cultures for In Vitro Seizure Liability Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:71-87. [PMID: 32866265 PMCID: PMC7657345 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizures are life-threatening adverse drug reactions which are investigated late in drug development using rodent models. Consequently, if seizures are detected, a lot of time, money and animals have been used. Thus, there is a need for in vitro screening models using human cells to circumvent interspecies translation. We assessed the suitability of cocultures of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons and astrocytes compared with rodent primary cortical cultures for in vitro seizure liability assessment using microelectrode arrays. hiPSC-derived and rodent primary cortical neuronal cocultures were exposed to 9 known (non)seizurogenic compounds (pentylenetetrazole, amoxapine, enoxacin, amoxicillin, linopirdine, pilocarpine, chlorpromazine, phenytoin, and acetaminophen) to assess effects on neuronal network activity using microelectrode array recordings. All compounds affect activity in hiPSC-derived cocultures. In rodent primary cultures all compounds, except amoxicillin changed activity. Changes in activity patterns for both cell models differ for different classes of compounds. Both models had a comparable sensitivity for exposure to amoxapine (lowest observed effect concentration [LOEC] 0.03 µM), linopirdine (LOEC 1 µM), and pilocarpine (LOEC 0.3 µM). However, hiPSC-derived cultures were about 3 times more sensitive for exposure to pentylenetetrazole (LOEC 30 µM) than rodent primary cortical cultures (LOEC 100 µM). Sensitivity of hiPSC-derived cultures for chlorpromazine, phenytoin, and enoxacin was 10-30 times higher (LOECs 0.1, 0.3, and 0.1 µM, respectively) than in rodent cultures (LOECs 10, 3, and 3 µM, respectively). Our data indicate that hiPSC-derived neuronal cocultures may outperform rodent primary cortical cultures with respect to detecting seizures, thereby paving the way towards animal-free seizure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M Tukker
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona M J Wijnolts
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aart de Groot
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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34
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Shore AN, Colombo S, Tobin WF, Petri S, Cullen ER, Dominguez S, Bostick CD, Beaumont MA, Williams D, Khodagholy D, Yang M, Lutz CM, Peng Y, Gelinas JN, Goldstein DB, Boland MJ, Frankel WN, Weston MC. Reduced GABAergic Neuron Excitability, Altered Synaptic Connectivity, and Seizures in a KCNT1 Gain-of-Function Mouse Model of Childhood Epilepsy. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108303. [PMID: 33113364 PMCID: PMC7712469 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function (GOF) variants in K+ channels cause severe childhood epilepsies, but there are no mechanisms to explain how increased K+ currents lead to network hyperexcitability. Here, we introduce a human Na+-activated K+ (KNa) channel variant (KCNT1-Y796H) into mice and, using a multiplatform approach, find motor cortex hyperexcitability and early-onset seizures, phenotypes strikingly similar to those of human patients. Although the variant increases KNa currents in cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons, there is an increase in the KNa current across subthreshold voltages only in inhibitory neurons, particularly in those with non-fast-spiking properties, resulting in inhibitory-neuron-specific impairments in excitability and action potential (AP) generation. We further observe evidence of synaptic rewiring, including increases in homotypic synaptic connectivity, accompanied by network hyperexcitability and hypersynchronicity. These findings support inhibitory-neuron-specific mechanisms in mediating the epileptogenic effects of KCNT1 channel GOF, offering cell-type-specific currents and effects as promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N Shore
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sophie Colombo
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William F Tobin
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sabrina Petri
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Erin R Cullen
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Soledad Dominguez
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Michael A Beaumont
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Axion BioSystems, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Damian Williams
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mu Yang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Yueqing Peng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer N Gelinas
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael J Boland
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wayne N Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew C Weston
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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35
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Kim D, Kang H, Nam Y. Compact 256-channel multi-well microelectrode array system for in vitro neuropharmacology test. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3410-3422. [PMID: 32785330 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been extensively used to measure extracellular spike activity from cultured neurons using multiple electrodes embedded in a planar glass substrate. This system has been implemented to investigate drug effects by detecting pharmacological perturbation reflected in spontaneous network activity. By configuring multiple wells in an MEA, a high-throughput electrophysiological assay has become available, speeding up drug tests. Despite its merits in acquiring massive amounts of electrophysiological data, the high cost and the bulky size of commercial multi-well MEA systems and most importantly its lack of customizability prevent potential users from fully implementing the system in drug experiments. In this work, we have developed a microelectrode array based drug testing platform by incorporating a custom-made compact 256-channel multi-well MEA in a standard microscope slide and commercial application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip based recording system. We arranged 256 electrodes in 16 wells to maximize data collection from a single chip. The multi-well MEA in this work has a more compact design with reduced chip size compared to previously reported multi-well MEAs. Four synaptic modulators (NMDA, AMPA, bicuculline (BIC) and ATP) were applied to a multi-well MEA and neural spike activity was analyzed to study their neurophysiological effects on cultured neurons. Analyzing various neuropharmacological compounds has become much more accessible by utilizing commercially available digital amplifier chips and customizing a user-preferred analog-front-end interface design with additional benefits in reduced platform size and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejeong Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Johnstone AFM, Mack CM, Valdez MC, Shafer TJ, LoPachin RM, Herr DW, Kodavanti PRS. Acute in vitro effects on embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures by in silico predicted neurotoxic chemicals: Evaluations on cytotoxicity, neurite length, and neurophysiology. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104989. [PMID: 32882341 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Hard-Soft Acid and Base hypothesis can be used to predict the potential bio-reactivity (electrophilicity) of a chemical with intracellular proteins, resulting in neurotoxicity. Twelve chemicals predicted to be neurotoxic were evaluated in vitro in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for effects on cytotoxicity (%LDH), neuronal structure (total neurite length/neuron, NLPN), and neurophysiology (mean firing rate, MFR). DRGs were treated acutely on days in vitro (DIV) 7 (1-100 μM) with test chemical; %LDH and NLPN were measured after 48 h. 4-cyclohexylhexanone (4-C) increased %LDH release at 50 (29%) and 100 μM (56%), citronellal (Cit) and 1-bromopropane increased %LDH at 100 μM (22% and 26%). 4-C, Cit, 2,5 Hexanedione (2,5Hex), phenylacetylaldehyde (PAA) and 2-ethylhexanal decreased mean NLPN at 48 h; 50 and 100 μM for 4-C (28% and 60%), 100 μM Cit (52%), 100 μM 2,5- Hex (37%) 100 μM PAA (41%) and 100 μM for 2-ethylhexanal (23%). Separate DRG cultures were treated on DIV 14 and changes in MFR measured. Four compounds decreased MFR at 50 or 100 μM: Acrylamide (-83%), 3,4-dichloro-1-butene (-93%), 4-C (-89%) and hexane (-79%, 50 μM). Changes in MFR and NLPN occurred in absence of cytotoxicity. While the current study showed little cytotoxicity, it gave insight to initial changes in MFR. Results provide insight for future chronic exposure experiments to evaluate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F M Johnstone
- Clinical Research Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Cina M Mack
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Matthew C Valdez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Richard M LoPachin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America
| | - David W Herr
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Abbott J, Ye T, Krenek K, Gertner RS, Wu W, Jung HS, Ham D, Park H. Extracellular recording of direct synaptic signals with a CMOS-nanoelectrode array. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3239-3248. [PMID: 32756639 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The synaptic connections between neurons are traditionally determined by correlating the action potentials (APs) of a pre-synaptic neuron and small-amplitude subthreshold potentials of a post-synaptic neuron using invasive intracellular techniques, such as patch clamping. Extracellular recording by a microelectrode array can non-invasively monitor network activities of a large number of neurons, but its reduced sensitivity usually prevents direct measurements of synaptic signals. Here, we demonstrate that a newly developed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) nanoelectrode array (CNEA) is capable of extracellularly determining direct synaptic connections in dense, multi-layer cultures of dissociated rat neurons. We spatiotemporally correlate action potential signals of hundreds of active neurons, detect small (∼1 pA after averaging) extracellular synaptic signals at the region where pre-synaptic axons and post-synaptic dendrites/somas overlap, and use those signals to map synaptic connections. We use controlled stimulation to assess stimulation-dependent synaptic strengths and to titrate a synaptic blocker (CNQX: IC50 ∼ 1 μM). The new capabilities demonstrated here significantly enhance the utilities of CNEAs in connectome mapping and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Abbott
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tianyang Ye
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Keith Krenek
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Rona S Gertner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Han Sae Jung
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Donhee Ham
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Shafer TJ, Brown JP, Lynch B, Davila-Montero S, Wallace K, Friedman KP. Evaluation of Chemical Effects on Network Formation in Cortical Neurons Grown on Microelectrode Arrays. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:436-455. [PMID: 30816951 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of chemicals to which humans are potentially exposed have not been evaluated for potential developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), driving efforts to develop a battery of in vitro screening approaches for DNT hazard. Here, 136 unique chemicals were evaluated for potential DNT hazard using a network formation assay (NFA) in cortical cells grown on microelectrode arrays. The effects of chemical exposure from 2 h postplating through 12 days in vitro (DIV) on network formation were evaluated at DIV 5, 7, 9, and 12, with cell viability assessed at DIV 12. Only 82 chemicals altered at least 1 network development parameter. Assay results were reproducible; 10 chemicals tested as biological replicates yielded qualitative results that were 100% concordant, with consistent potency values. Toxicological tipping points were determined for 58 chemicals and were similar to or lower than the lowest 50% effect concentrations (EC50) for all parameters. When EC50 and tipping point values from the NFA were compared to the range of potencies observed in ToxCast assays, the NFA EC50 values were less than the lower quartile for ToxCast assay potencies for a subset of chemicals, many of which are acutely neurotoxic in vivo. For 13 chemicals with available in vivo DNT data, estimated administered equivalent doses based on NFA results were similar to or lower than administered doses in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate that the NFA is sensitive to chemicals acting on nervous system function and will be a valuable contribution to an in vitro DNT screening battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Shafer
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Jasmine P Brown
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.,Graduate Program in Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brittany Lynch
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Sylmarie Davila-Montero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Kathleen Wallace
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Katie Paul Friedman
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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Tukker AM, Bouwman LMS, van Kleef RGDM, Hendriks HS, Legler J, Westerink RHS. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) acutely affect human α 1β 2γ 2L GABA A receptor and spontaneous neuronal network function in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5311. [PMID: 32210279 PMCID: PMC7093421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about the neurotoxic potential of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increase, although their neurotoxic mechanisms of action remain debated. Considering the importance of the GABAA receptor in neuronal function, we investigated acute effects of PFAS on this receptor and on spontaneous neuronal network activity. PFOS (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) 0.1 µM) and PFOA (LOEC 1 µM) inhibited the GABA-evoked current and acted as non-competitive human GABAA receptor antagonists. Network activity of rat primary cortical cultures increased following exposure to PFOS (LOEC 100 µM). However, exposure of networks of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons decreased neuronal activity. The higher sensitivity of the α1β2γ2L GABAA receptor for PFAS as compared to neuronal networks suggests that PFAS have additional mechanisms of action, or that compensatory mechanisms are at play. Differences between rodent and hiPSC-derived neuronal networks highlight the importance of proper model composition. LOECs for PFAS on GABAA receptor and neuronal activity reported here are within or below the range found in blood levels of occupationally exposed humans. For PFOS, LOECs are even within the range found in human serum and plasma of the general population, suggesting a clear neurotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M Tukker
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne M S Bouwman
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Regina G D M van Kleef
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester S Hendriks
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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40
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Characterization and application of electrically active neuronal networks established from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells for neurotoxicity evaluation. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101761. [PMID: 32244191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is mediated by a variety of modes-of-actions leading to disturbance of neuronal function. In order to screen larger numbers of compounds for their neurotoxic potential, in vitro functional neuronal networks (NN) might be helpful tools. We established and characterized human NN (hNN) from hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells by comparing hNN formation with two different differentiation media: in presence (CINDA) and absence (neural differentiation medium (NDM)) of maturation-supporting factors. As a NN control we included differentiating rat NN (rNN) in the study. Gene/protein expression and electrical activity from in vitro developing NN were assessed at multiple time points. Transcriptomes of 5, 14 and 28 days in vitro CINDA-grown hNN were compared to gene expression profiles of in vivo human developing brains. Molecular expression analyses as well as measures of electrical activity indicate that NN mature into neurons of different subtypes and astrocytes over time. In contrast to rNN, hNN are less electrically active within the same period of differentiation time, yet hNN grown in CINDA medium develop higher firing rates than hNN without supplements. Challenge of NN with neuronal receptor stimulators and inhibitors demonstrate presence of inhibitory, GABAergic neurons, whereas glutamatergic responses are limited. hiPSC-derived GABAergic hNN grown in CINDA medium might be a useful tool as part of an in vitro battery for assessing neurotoxicity.
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41
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Kosnik MB, Strickland JD, Marvel SW, Wallis DJ, Wallace K, Richard AM, Reif DM, Shafer TJ. Concentration-response evaluation of ToxCast compounds for multivariate activity patterns of neural network function. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:469-484. [PMID: 31822930 PMCID: PMC7371233 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast program has generated toxicity data for thousands of chemicals but does not adequately assess potential neurotoxicity. Networks of neurons grown on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) offer an efficient approach to screen compounds for neuroactivity and distinguish between compound effects on firing, bursting, and connectivity patterns. Previously, single concentrations of the ToxCast Phase II library were screened for effects on mean firing rate (MFR) in rat primary cortical networks. Here, we expand this approach by retesting 384 of those compounds (including 222 active in the previous screen) in concentration-response across 43 network activity parameters to evaluate neural network function. Using hierarchical clustering and machine learning methods on the full suite of chemical-parameter response data, we identified 15 network activity parameters crucial in characterizing activity of 237 compounds that were response actives ("hits"). Recognized neurotoxic compounds in this network function assay were often more potent compared to other ToxCast assays. Of these chemical-parameter responses, we identified three k-means clusters of chemical-parameter activity (i.e., multivariate MEA response patterns). Next, we evaluated the MEA clusters for enrichment of chemical features using a subset of ToxPrint chemotypes, revealing chemical structural features that distinguished the MEA clusters. Finally, we assessed distribution of neurotoxicants with known pharmacology within the clusters and found that compounds segregated differentially. Collectively, these results demonstrate that multivariate MEA activity patterns can efficiently screen for diverse chemical activities relevant to neurotoxicity, and that response patterns may have predictive value related to chemical structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B Kosnik
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenna D Strickland
- Axion Biosystems, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Skylar W Marvel
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dylan J Wallis
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Wallace
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD B105-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ann M Richard
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD B105-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, MD B105-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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42
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Negri J, Menon V, Young-Pearse TL. Assessment of Spontaneous Neuronal Activity In Vitro Using Multi-Well Multi-Electrode Arrays: Implications for Assay Development. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0080-19.2019. [PMID: 31896559 PMCID: PMC6984810 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0080-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are being more widely used by researchers as an instrument platform for monitoring prolonged, non-destructive recordings of spontaneously firing neurons in vitro for applications in modeling Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, schizophrenia, and many other diseases of the human CNS. With the more widespread use of these instruments, there is a need to examine the prior art of studies utilizing MEAs and delineate best practices for data acquisition and analysis to avoid errors in interpretation of the resultant data. Using a dataset of recordings from primary rat (Rattus norvegicus) cortical cultures, methods and statistical power for discerning changes in neuronal activity on the array level are examined. Further, a method for unsupervised spike sorting is implemented, allowing for the resolution of action potential incidents down to the single neuron level. Following implementation of spike sorting, the dynamics of firing frequency across populations of individual neurons and networks are examined longitudinally. Finally, the ability to detect a frequency independent phenotype, the change in action potential amplitude, is demonstrated through the use of pore-forming neurotoxin treatments. Taken together, this study provides guidance and tools for users wishing to incorporate multi-well MEA usage into their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Negri
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Vilas Menon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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43
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Pettingill P, Weir GA, Wei T, Wu Y, Flower G, Lalic T, Handel A, Duggal G, Chintawar S, Cheung J, Arunasalam K, Couper E, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR, Bassett A, Cowley SA, Cader MZ. A causal role for TRESK loss of function in migraine mechanisms. Brain 2019; 142:3852-3867. [PMID: 31742594 PMCID: PMC6906598 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-pore potassium channel, TRESK has been implicated in nociception and pain disorders. We have for the first time investigated TRESK function in human nociceptive neurons using induced pluripotent stem cell-based models. Nociceptors from migraine patients with the F139WfsX2 mutation show loss of functional TRESK at the membrane, with a corresponding significant increase in neuronal excitability. Furthermore, using CRISPR-Cas9 engineering to correct the F139WfsX2 mutation, we show a reversal of the heightened neuronal excitability, linking the phenotype to the mutation. In contrast we find no change in excitability in induced pluripotent stem cell derived nociceptors with the C110R mutation and preserved TRESK current; thereby confirming that only the frameshift mutation is associated with loss of function and a migraine relevant cellular phenotype. We then demonstrate the importance of TRESK to pain states by showing that the TRESK activator, cloxyquin, can reduce the spontaneous firing of nociceptors in an in vitro human pain model. Using the chronic nitroglycerine rodent migraine model, we demonstrate that mice lacking TRESK develop exaggerated nitroglycerine-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, and furthermore, show that cloxyquin conversely is able to prevent sensitization. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for a role of TRESK in migraine pathogenesis and its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Pettingill
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Greg A Weir
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tina Wei
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yukyee Wu
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Grace Flower
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tatjana Lalic
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Handel
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Galbha Duggal
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Satyan Chintawar
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Cheung
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kanisa Arunasalam
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Couper
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Andrew Bassett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Translational Molecular Neuroscience Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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44
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Broza YY, Zhou X, Yuan M, Qu D, Zheng Y, Vishinkin R, Khatib M, Wu W, Haick H. Disease Detection with Molecular Biomarkers: From Chemistry of Body Fluids to Nature-Inspired Chemical Sensors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11761-11817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Y. Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Danyao Qu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
| | - Youbing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Rotem Vishinkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Muhammad Khatib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
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45
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Pollard KJ, Sharma AD, Moore MJ. Neural microphysiological systems for in vitro modeling of peripheral nervous system disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/bem-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PNS disease pathology is diverse and underappreciated. Peripheral neuropathy may result in sensory, motor or autonomic nerve dysfunction and can be induced by metabolic dysfunction, inflammatory dysfunction, cytotoxic pharmaceuticals, rare hereditary disorders or may be idiopathic. Current preclinical PNS disease research relies heavily on the use of rodent models. In vivo methods are effective but too time-consuming and expensive for high-throughput experimentation. Conventional in vitro methods can be performed with high throughput but lack the biological complexity necessary to directly model in vivo nerve structure and function. In this review, we survey in vitro PNS model systems and propose that 3D-bioengineered microphysiological nerve tissue can improve in vitro–in vivo extrapolation and expand the capabilities of in vitro PNS disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Pollard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | | | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- AxoSim, Inc., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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46
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Bradley JA, Luithardt HH, Metea MR, Strock CJ. In Vitro Screening for Seizure Liability Using Microelectrode Array Technology. Toxicol Sci 2019; 163:240-253. [PMID: 29432603 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced seizure liabilities produce significant compound attrition during drug discovery. Currently available in vitro cytotoxicity assays cannot predict all toxicity mechanisms due to the failure of these assays to predict sublethal target-specific electrophysiological liabilities. Identification of seizurogenic and other electrophysiological effects at early stages of the drug development process is important to ensure that safe candidate compounds can be developed while chemical design is taking place, long before these liabilities are discovered in costly preclinical in vivo studies. The development of a high throughput and reliable in vitro assay to screen compounds for seizure liabilities would de-risk compounds significantly earlier in the drug discovery process and with greater dependability. Here we describe a method for screening compounds that utilizes rat cortical neurons plated onto multiwell microelectrode array plates to identify compounds that cause neurophysiological disruptions. Changes in 12 electrophysiological parameters (spike train descriptors) were measured after application of known seizurogenic compounds and the response pattern was mapped relative to negative controls, vehicle control and neurotoxic controls. Twenty chemicals with a variety of therapeutic indications and targets, including GABAA antagonists, glycine receptor antagonists, ion channel blockers, muscarinic agonist, δ-opioid receptor agonist, dopaminergic D2/adrenergic receptor blocker and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, were tested to assess this system. Sixteen of the seventeen seizurogenic/neurotoxic compounds tested positive for seizure liability or neurotoxicity, moreover, different endpoint response patterns for firing rate, burst characteristics and synchrony that distinguished the chemicals into groups relating to target and seizurogenic response emerged from the data. The negative and vehicle control compounds had no effect on neural activity. In conclusion, the multiwell microelectrode array platform using cryopreserved rat cortical neurons is a highly effective high throughput method for reliably screening seizure liabilities within an early de-risking drug development paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica R Metea
- Cyprotex US, LLC, An Evotec Company, Watertown, Massachusetts
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47
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Zhao Y, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Multi-Organs-on-Chips: Towards Long-Term Biomedical Investigations. Molecules 2019; 24:E675. [PMID: 30769788 PMCID: PMC6412790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With advantageous features such as minimizing the cost, time, and sample size requirements, organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems have garnered enormous interest from researchers for their ability for real-time monitoring of physical parameters by mimicking the in vivo microenvironment and the precise responses of xenobiotics, i.e., drug efficacy and toxicity over conventional two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, as well as animal models. Recent advancements of OOC systems have evidenced the fabrication of 'multi-organ-on-chip' (MOC) models, which connect separated organ chambers together to resemble an ideal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model for monitoring the complex interactions between multiple organs and the resultant dynamic responses of multiple organs to pharmaceutical compounds. Numerous varieties of MOC systems have been proposed, mainly focusing on the construction of these multi-organ models, while there are only few studies on how to realize continual, automated, and stable testing, which still remains a significant challenge in the development process of MOCs. Herein, this review emphasizes the recent advancements in realizing long-term testing of MOCs to promote their capability for real-time monitoring of multi-organ interactions and chronic cellular reactions more accurately and steadily over the available chip models. Efforts in this field are still ongoing for better performance in the assessment of preclinical attributes for a new chemical entity. Further, we give a brief overview on the various biomedical applications of long-term testing in MOCs, including several proposed applications and their potential utilization in the future. Finally, we summarize with perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China.
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48
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Shafer TJ. Application of Microelectrode Array Approaches to Neurotoxicity Testing and Screening. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 22:275-297. [PMID: 31073941 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11135-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity can be defined by the ability of a drug or chemical to alter the physiology, biochemistry, or structure of the nervous system in a manner that may negatively impact the health or function of the individual. Electrophysiological approaches have been utilized to study the mechanisms underlying neurotoxic actions of drugs and chemicals for over 50 years, and in more recent decades, high-throughput patch-clamp approaches have been utilized by the pharmaceutical industry for drug development. The use of microelectrode array recordings to study neural network electrophysiology is a relatively newer approach, with commercially available systems becoming available only in the early 2000s. However, MEAs have been rapidly adopted as a useful approach for neurotoxicity testing. In this chapter, I will review the use of MEA approaches as they have been applied to the field of neurotoxicity testing, especially as they have been applied to the need to screen large numbers of chemicals for neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity. In addition, I will also identify challenges for the field that when addressed will improve the utility of MEA approaches for toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Shafer
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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49
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Bradley JA, Strock CJ. Screening for Neurotoxicity with Microelectrode Array. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 79:e67. [DOI: 10.1002/cptx.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Gelfman S, Wang Q, Lu YF, Hall D, Bostick CD, Dhindsa R, Halvorsen M, McSweeney KM, Cotterill E, Edinburgh T, Beaumont MA, Frankel WN, Petrovski S, Allen AS, Boland MJ, Goldstein DB, Eglen SJ. meaRtools: An R package for the analysis of neuronal networks recorded on microelectrode arrays. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006506. [PMID: 30273353 PMCID: PMC6181426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present an open-source R package 'meaRtools' that provides a platform for analyzing neuronal networks recorded on Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs). Cultured neuronal networks monitored with MEAs are now being widely used to characterize in vitro models of neurological disorders and to evaluate pharmaceutical compounds. meaRtools provides core algorithms for MEA spike train analysis, feature extraction, statistical analysis and plotting of multiple MEA recordings with multiple genotypes and treatments. meaRtools functionality covers novel solutions for spike train analysis, including algorithms to assess electrode cross-correlation using the spike train tiling coefficient (STTC), mutual information, synchronized bursts and entropy within cultured wells. Also integrated is a solution to account for bursts variability originating from mixed-cell neuronal cultures. The package provides a statistical platform built specifically for MEA data that can combine multiple MEA recordings and compare extracted features between different genetic models or treatments. We demonstrate the utilization of meaRtools to successfully identify epilepsy-like phenotypes in neuronal networks from Celf4 knockout mice. The package is freely available under the GPL license (GPL> = 3) and is updated frequently on the CRAN web-server repository. The package, along with full documentation can be downloaded from: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/meaRtools/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Gelfman
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Quanli Wang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Simcere Diagnostics Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Diana Hall
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Bostick
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan Dhindsa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Matt Halvorsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - K. Melodi McSweeney
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ellese Cotterill
- Cambridge Computational Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Edinburgh
- Cambridge Computational Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Beaumont
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Axion BioSystems, Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Wayne N. Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Allen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Boland
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Eglen
- Cambridge Computational Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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