1
|
Akhlada, Siddiqui N, Anurag, Saifi A, Kesharwani A, Parihar VK, Sharma A. Neuroprotective Action of Selected Natural Drugs Against Neurological Diseases and Mental Disorders: Potential Use Against Radiation Damage. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04184-y. [PMID: 38864943 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to radiation, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, is a significant concern in modern society. The brain is the organ that is most sensitive to radiation exposure. This review describes how exposure to radiation can affect neurotransmitters in different brain regions, affecting brain function. This review covers neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and neuroinflammation due to changes in neurons in the central nervous system, and the effects thereon of medicinal plants such as Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Centella asiatica, Coriandrum sativum, and Crocus sativus plants, used for centuries in traditional medicine. These herbal medicines exert free radical scavenging, and antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties which can be beneficial in managing neurological diseases. The present review compiles the neuroprotective effects of selected natural plants against neurological damage, as well as highlights the different mechanisms of action elicited to induce and produce beneficial effects. The current review describes recent studies on the pharmacological effects of neuroprotective herbs on various neurological and mental illnesses, and shows the way further studies can impact this field, including potential effects on radiation-induced damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhlada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Nazia Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Anurag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Alimuddin Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Anuradha Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, 844102, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, 844102, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ichipi-Ifukor PC, Asagba SO, Achuba FI. Co-exposure to Aluminium and Cadmium Mediates Postpartum Maternal Variation in Brain Architecture and Behaviour of Mice; Involvement of Oxido-nitrergic and Cholinergic Mechanisms : Postpartum effects of Aluminium and Cadmium co-exposure in pregnancy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04218-0. [PMID: 38777875 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Most research has not been done on the possible relationship between pregnant women's cross-metal exposures and postpartum neuroendocrine functions. The purpose of this study was to look into how co-exposure to aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) affected the neuroendocrine and neurometabolic changes in postpartum mice. A total of 24 adult pregnant female mice were used for the study. Group 1 served as control and received neither AlCl3 nor CdCl2 (n=6), group 2 comprised pregnant mice treated with AlCl3 (10mg/kg), group 3 with CdCl2 (1.5mg/kg), group 4 with a combination of AlCl3 (10 mg/kg) and CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg).Oral treatment of animals was done daily from gestation day 7 to gestation day 20. Upon delivery and weaning on postnatal day 21 (PND 21), behavioural assessment was done on the postpartum mice and immediately followed by sacrifice for assessment of histological and neuroendocrine markers. Our findings revealed that the brain-to-body weight ratio was affected and brain oxidative stress was elevated in mice exposed to AlCl3 and CdCl2 during pregnancy. Given the strong association between postpartum hyperactivity, social interaction index, brain catalase and acetylcholinesterase activity, and the brain/body weight ratio, it is plausible that these effects have played a role in the adverse behavioural abnormalities observed in the postpartum maternal mice. Moreover, it was noted that in certain situations, co-exposures to the metals tended to have opposite effects to single metal exposures.
Collapse
|
3
|
Elattar MM, Darwish RS, Hammoda HM, Dawood HM. An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview of onion (Allium cepa L.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117779. [PMID: 38262524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most widely distributed species within the Allium genus of family Amaryllidaceae. Onion has been esteemed for its medicinal properties since antiquity. It has been consumed for centuries in various indigenous cultures for the management of several ailments including microbial infections, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin and cardio-vascular disorders, diabetes, renal colic, rheumatism, sexual impotence, menstrual pain, and headache. However, so far, there is a scarcity of recent data that compiles the plant chemistry, traditional practices, biological features, and toxicity. AIM OF THE WORK The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and analytical overview of ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, industrial applications, quality control, and toxicology of onion, to offer new perspectives and broad scopes for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information gathered in this review was obtained from various sources including books, scientific databases such as Science Direct, Wiley, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other domestic and foreign literature. RESULTS Onion has a long history of use as a traditional medicine for management of various conditions including infectious, inflammatory, respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and erectile dysfunction. More than 400 compounds have been identified in onion including flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, peptides, saponins and fatty acids. The plant extracts and compounds showed various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, aphrodisiac, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. In addition to its predominant medicinal uses, onion has found various applications in the functional food industry. CONCLUSION Extensive literature analysis reveals that onion extracts and bioactive constituents possess diverse pharmacological activities that can be beneficial for treating various diseases. However, the current research primarily revolves around the documentation of ethnic pharmacology and predominantly consists of in vitro studies, with relatively limited in vivo and clinical studies. Consequently, it is imperative for future investigations to prioritize and expand the scope of in vivo and clinical research. Additionally, it is strongly recommended to direct further research efforts towards toxicity studies and quality control of the plant. These studies will help bridge the current knowledge gaps and establish a solid basis for exploring the plant's potential uses in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Elattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Reham S Darwish
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hala M Hammoda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hend M Dawood
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
AbdEl-Raouf K, Farrag HSH, Rashed R, Ismail MA, El-Ganzuri MA, El-Sayed WM. New bithiophene derivative attenuated Alzheimer's disease induced by aluminum in a rat model via antioxidant activity and restoration of neuronal and synaptic transmission. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 82:127352. [PMID: 38070385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the hypotheses that leads to an increased incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of aluminum in the brain's frontal cortex. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of a novel bithiophene derivative at two doses against AlCl3-induced AD in a rat model. METHODOLOGY Adult male rats were divided into six groups, 18 rats each. Group 1: naïve animals, group 2: animals received a daily oral administration of bithiophene dissolved in DMSO (1 mg/kg) for 30 days every other day, groups 3-6: animals received a daily oral administration of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day) for 45 consecutive days. Groups 4 and 5 received an oral administration of low or high dose of the bithiophene (0.5 or 1 mg/kg, respectively). Group 6; Animals were treated with a daily oral dose of memantine (20 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. MAIN FINDINGS Al disturbed the antioxidant milieu, elevated the lipid peroxidation, and depleted the antioxidants. It also disturbed the synaptic neurotransmission by elevating the activities of acetylcholine esterase and monoamine oxidase resulting in the depletion of dopamine and serotonin and accumulation of glutamate and norepinephrine. Al also deteriorated the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and the production of amyloid-β plaques as well as phosphorylation of tau. The new bithiophene at the low dose reversed most of the previous deleterious effects of aluminum in the cerebral cortex and was in many instances superior to the reference drug; memantine. CONCLUSION Taking together, the bithiophene modulated the AD etiology through antioxidant activity, prevention of neuronal and synaptic loss, and probably mitigating the formation of amyloid-β plaques and phosphorylation of tau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud AbdEl-Raouf
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rashed Rashed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Monir A El-Ganzuri
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael M El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fathima A, Bagang N, Kumar N, Dastidar SG, Shenoy S. Role of SIRT1 in Potentially Toxic Trace Elements (Lead, Fluoride, Aluminum and Cadmium) Associated Neurodevelopmental Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04116-5. [PMID: 38416341 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The formation of the central nervous system is a meticulously planned and intricate process. Any modification to this process has the potential to disrupt the structure and operation of the brain, which could result in deficiencies in neurological growth. When neurotoxic substances are present during the early stages of development, they can be exceptionally dangerous. Prenatally, the immature brain is extremely vulnerable and is therefore at high risk in pregnant women associated with occupational exposures. Lead, fluoride, aluminum, and cadmium are examples of possibly toxic trace elements that have been identified as an environmental concern in the aetiology of a number of neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses. SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family has received most attention for its potential neuroprotective properties. SIRT1 is an intriguing therapeutic target since it demonstrates important functions to increase neurogenesis and cellular lifespan by modulating multiple pathways. It promotes axonal extension, neurite growth, and dendritic branching during the development of neurons. Additionally, it contributes to neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, memory development, and neuroprotection. This review summarizes the possible role of SIRT1 signalling pathway in potentially toxic trace elements -induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, highlighting some molecular pathways such as mitochondrial biogenesis, CREB/BDNF and PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Fathima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Newly Bagang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial area Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Somasish Ghosh Dastidar
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Atef MM, Mostafa YM, Ahmed AAM, El-Sayed NM. Simvastatin attenuates aluminium chloride-induced neurobehavioral impairments through activation of TGF-β1/ SMAD2 and GSK3β/β-catenin signalling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104220. [PMID: 37454825 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and acetylcholine depletion leading to neurobehavioral defects. AD was contributed also with downregulation of TGF-β1/SMAD2 and GSK3β/β-catenin pathways. Simvastatin (SMV) improved memory function experimentally and clinically. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of SMV against aluminium chloride (AlCl3) induced neurobehavioral impairments. AD was induced by AlCl3 (50 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Mice received Simvastatin (10 or 20 mg/kg) or Donepezil (3 mg/kg) for 6 weeks after that the histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical test were examined. Treatment with SMV improved the memory deterioration induced by AlCl3 with significant recovery of the histopathological changes. This was concomitant with the decrease of AChE and Aβ (1-42). SMV provides its neuroprotective effect through upregulating the protein expression of β-catenin, TGF-β1 and downregulating the expression of GSK3β, TLR4 and p-SMAD2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasser M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal A M Ahmed
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhillon HK, Singh T, Goel RK. Ferulic acid inhibits catamenial epilepsy through modulation of female hormones. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2827-2838. [PMID: 35932441 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 40% of women with epilepsy experience perimenstrual seizure exacerbation, referred to as catamenial epilepsy. These seizures result from cyclic changes in circulating progesterone and estradiol levels and there is no effective treatment for this form of intractable epilepsy. We artificially increased progesterone levels and neurosteroid levels (pseudo-pregnancy) in adult Swiss albino female mice (19-23 g) by injecting them with pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (5 IU s.c.), followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (5 IU s.c.) after 46 h. After this, ferulic acid (25, 50, 100 mg/kg i.p.) treatment was given for 10 days. During treatment, progesterone, estradiol, and corticosterone levels were estimated in blood on days 1, 5, and 10. Neurosteroid withdrawal was induced by finasteride (50 mg/kg, i.p.) on treatment day 9. Twenty-four hours after finasteride administration (day 10 of treatment), seizure susceptibility was evaluated with the sub-convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) dose (40 mg/kg i.p.). Four to six hours after PTZ, animals were assessed for depression like phenotypes using tail-suspension test (TST). Four to six hours following TST, animals were euthanized, and discrete brain parts (cortex and hippocampus) were separated for estimation of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine as well as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme activity. PMSG and HCG treatment elevated progesterone and estradiol levels, assessed on days 1, 5, and 10 causing a state of pseudo-pregnancy. Treatment with finasteride increased seizure susceptibility and depression-like characteristics possibly due to decreased progesterone and elevated estrogen levels coupled with decreased monoamine and elevated corticosterone levels. Ferulic acid treatment, on the other hand, significantly decreased seizure susceptibility and depression like behavior, possibly because of increased progesterone, restored estradiol, corticosterone, monoamines, and GAD enzyme activity. We concluded anticonvulsant effect of ferulic acid in a mouse model of catamenial epilepsy, evidenced by favourable seizure attenuation and curative effect on the circulating progesterone, estradiol, and corticosterone levels along with restorative effect on GAD enzyme activity and monoamine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur Dhillon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, 147002, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, 147002, Patiala, Punjab, India
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, 147002, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kandeda AK, Nguedia D, Djeuzong E, Kouamouo J, Dimo T. An aqueous macerate of Ziziphus jujuba reduces long-term spatial memory impairment in D-galactose treated rats: role of anti-inflammatory pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2995-3009. [PMID: 35922734 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatments against Alzheimer disease provide only symptomatic relief and are associated with numerous side effects. Previous studies showed that a concoction of Ziziphus jujuba leaves possesses anti-amnesic effects in scopolamine-treated rats. More recently, an aqueous macerate of Z. jujuba leaves has been shown to reduce short-term memory impairment in D-galactose-treated rats. However, no study on the effect of an aqueous macerate of Z. jujuba on long-term memory impairment was performed. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of an aqueous macerate of Z. jujuba on long-term spatial memory impairment in D-galactose-treated rats. Long-term spatial memory impairment was induced in rats by administering D-galactose (350 mg/kg/day, s.c.), once dailyfor 21 days. On the 22nd day, the integrity of this memory was assessed using the Morris water maze task. Rats that developed memory impairment were treated with tacrine (10 mg/kg, p.o.), or aspirin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), or extract (41.5, 83, and 166 mg/kg, p.o.), once daily, for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, memory impairment was once more assessed using the same paradigm. Animals were then euthanized, and some pro-inflammatory cytokine markers were analyzed in the hippocampus or blood. The extract at all doses significantly reduced the latency to attain the platforming of the water maze test. The extract (83 mg/kg) also increased the time spent in the target quadrant during the retention phase. The extract markedly reduced the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine markers in the hippocampus and blood. Together, these results suggest that this aqueous extract Z. jujuba reduces long-term spatial memory impairment. This effect may be mediated in part by its anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Danide Nguedia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Mountains, Bangangté, P.O. Box 208, Cameroon
| | - Etienne Djeuzong
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Mountains, Bangangté, P.O. Box 208, Cameroon
| | - Jonas Kouamouo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Mountains, Bangangté, P.O. Box 208, Cameroon
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mishra DK, Awasthi H, Srivastava D, Fatima Z. Phytochemical: a treatment option for heavy metal induced neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:513-530. [PMID: 35749142 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Some heavy metals are necessary while present in the growing medium in moderate concentrations known to be essential heavy metals as they required for the body functioning as a nutrient. But there are some unwanted metals and are also toxic to the environment and create a harmful impact on the body, which termed to be non-essential heavy metals. Upon exposure, the heavy metals decrease the major antioxidants of cells and enzymes with the thiol group and affect cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis. It interacts with the DNA repair mechanism and initiates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It subsequently binds to the mitochondria and may inhibit respiratory and oxidative phosphorylation in even low concentrations. This mechanism leads to damage antioxidant repair mechanism of neuronal cells and turns into neurotoxicity. Now, phytochemicals have led to good practices in the health system. Phytochemicals that are present in the fruits and herbs can preserve upon free radical damage. Thus, this review paper summarized various phytochemicals which can be utilized as a treatment option to reverse the effect of the toxicity caused by the ingestion of heavy metals in our body through various environmental or lifestyles ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Himani Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tyler SEB, Tyler LDK. Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer's disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35996065 PMCID: PMC9395556 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive and ultimately fatal, with current drugs failing to reverse and cure it. This study aimed to find plant species which may provide therapeutic bioactivities targeted to causal agents proposed to be driving AD. A novel toolkit methodology was employed, whereby clinical symptoms were translated into categories recognized in ethnomedicine. These categories were applied to find plant species with therapeutic effects, mined from ethnomedical surveys. Survey locations were mapped to assess how this data is at risk. Bioactivities were found of therapeutic relevance to 15 hypothesised causal bases for AD. 107 species with an ethnological report of memory improvement demonstrated therapeutic activity for all these 15 causal bases. The majority of the surveys were found to reside within biodiversity hotspots (centres of high biodiversity under threat), with loss of traditional knowledge the most common threat. Our findings suggest that the documented plants provide a large resource of AD therapeutic potential. In demonstrating bioactivities targeted to these causal bases, such plants may have the capacity to reduce or reverse AD, with promise as drug leads to target multiple AD hallmarks. However, there is a need to preserve ethnomedical knowledge, and the habitats on which this knowledge depends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke D K Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Samota MK, Sharma M, Kaur K, Sarita, Yadav DK, Pandey AK, Tak Y, Rawat M, Thakur J, Rani H. Onion anthocyanins: Extraction, stability, bioavailability, dietary effect, and health implications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917617. [PMID: 35967791 PMCID: PMC9363841 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are high-value compounds, and their use as functional foods and their natural colorant have potential health benefits. Anthocyanins seem to possess antioxidant properties, which help prevent neuronal diseases and thereby exhibit anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. They also show different therapeutic effects against various chronic diseases. Anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in onion. In recent years, although both conventional and improved methods have been used for extraction of anthocyanins, nowadays, improved methods are of great importance because of their higher yield and stability of anthocyanins. In this review, we compile anthocyanins and their derivatives found in onion and the factors affecting their stability. We also analyze different extraction techniques of anthocyanins. From this point of view, it is very important to be precisely aware of the impact that each parameter has on the stability and subsequently potentiate its bioavailability or beneficial health effects. We present up-to-date information on bioavailability, dietary effects, and health implications of anthocyanins such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancerous, antiobesity, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Samota
- Horticulture Crop Processing (HCP) Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology (CIPHET), Punjab, India
| | - Madhvi Sharma
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sarita
- College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS), Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Mycology and Microbiology, Tea Research Association-North Bengal Regional R & D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
| | - Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mandeep Rawat
- Department of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Julie Thakur
- Department of Botany, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh H, Singh T, Singh AP, Kaur S, Arora S, Singh B. Hepatoprotective effect of Physalis divaricata in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity: In vitro, in silico and in vivo analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115024. [PMID: 35085744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalis divaricata D. Don. is an erect weed of family Solanaceae. The root extract of this plant is used by the indigenous communities of Sub-Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India for the treatment of liver disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate hepatoprotective potential of P. divaricata in paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried roots of P. divaricata were subjected to extraction using different solvents. The chloroform extract, methanol extract and bioactive aqueous fraction of methanol extract were evaluated for hepatoprotective effect. After initial in vitro screening, all extracts were screened for hepatoprotective potential in PCM (3 g/kg p.o) induced hepatotoxicity. Following PCM administration, extracts were administered orally for 7 days in increasing dose concentrations. All the animals were euthanized on eighth day, serum and liver tissues were collected and subjected to various biochemical and histopathological analysis. Aqueous fraction of methanol extract was further analyzed using LC- MS analysis. RESULTS Methanol extract and its bioactive aqueous fraction exhibited significant and better in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity as compared to chloroform extract. PCM treatment caused hepatotoxicity as assessed by altered levels of various hepatic biomarkers (increase in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, TBARS, and AOPPs as well as decrease in GSH and TrxR levels) along with histopathological changes (portal to portal bridging, necrosis, and inflammation). Methanolic extract (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) and its aqueous fraction treatment (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly restored elevated hepatic biomarkers, oxidative stress, and protected normal hepato-architecture. LC-MS analysis of aqueous fraction showed presence of rutin and kaempferol. In silico analysis further showed the capability of rutin to make complex with TNF-α and block its interaction with the target site. CONCLUSION Aqueous fraction showed maximum hepatoprotective potential as conceived through in vitro and in vivo studies. Presence of rutin may explain hepatoprotective potential of P. divaricata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chakraborty AJ, Uddin TM, Matin Zidan BMR, Mitra S, Das R, Nainu F, Dhama K, Roy A, Hossain MJ, Khusro A, Emran TB. Allium cepa: A Treasure of Bioactive Phytochemicals with Prospective Health Benefits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4586318. [PMID: 35087593 PMCID: PMC8789449 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4586318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As Allium cepa is one of the most important condiment plants grown and consumed all over the world, various therapeutic and pharmacological effects of A. cepa were reviewed. Onion (Allium cepa) is a high dietary fiber-rich perennial herb that is placed under the family Amaryllidaceae. It contains high concentration of folic acid, vitamin B6, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus as well as vitamins and minerals. It is widely used as an antimicrobial agent, but it showed anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiplatelet, antihypertensive, and antidepressant effects and neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic effects and so on. It is said to have beneficial effects on the digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems, as well as on the immune system. This review article was devoted to discussing many health benefits and traditional uses of onions in pharmacological perspectives, as well as the safety/toxicological profile. If more detailed research on this perennial herb is conducted, it will open the door to an infinite number of possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arka Jyoti Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahtab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90245, Indonesia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 34, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hussien HM, Ghareeb DA, Ahmed HEA, Hafez HS, Saleh SR. Pharmacological implications of ipriflavone against environmental metal-induced neurodegeneration and dementia in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65349-65362. [PMID: 34235690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to environmental neurotoxic metals is implicated in the induction of dementia and cognitive decline. The present study aims to illustrate the therapeutic role of ipriflavone as a synthetic isoflavone against environmental metal-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Dementia was induced by a mixture of aluminum, cadmium, and fluoride for 90 days followed by ipriflavone for a further 30 days. Metal-treated animals exhibited abnormal behaviors in the Morris water maze task. Neuropathological biomarkers including oxidative stress (TBARS, NO, SOD, GPX, GST, and GSH), inflammation (TNF- α, IL-6, and IL-1β), neurotransmission (AChE and MAO), and insulin resistance (insulin, insulin receptor, and insulin-degrading enzyme) were altered, which consequently elevated the level of amyloid-β42 and tau protein in the hippocampus tissues inducing neuronal injury. Ipriflavone significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated the neurobehavioral abnormalities and the cognitive dysfunction biomarkers via antioxidant/anti-inflammatory mechanism. Moreover, ipriflavone downregulated the mRNA expression level of amyloid precursor protein and tau protein, preventing amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle aggregation at P < 0.05. A molecular docking study revealed that ipriflavone has a potent binding affinity towards AChE more than donepezil and acts as a strong AChE inhibitor. Our data concluded that the therapeutic potential of ipriflavone against dementia could provide a new strategy in AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend M Hussien
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Smouha, Sidi Gaber, P.O. Box 37, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Center of Excellency for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany E A Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Hani S Hafez
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Samar R Saleh
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Center of Excellency for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ogidigo JO, Anosike CA, Joshua PE, Ibeji CU, Nwanguma BC, Nwodo OFC. Neuroprotective effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum flavonoids against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:243-258. [PMID: 34663170 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1995557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxic metals such as aluminum accumulation in the brain have been associated with the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders. Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves contain a vast array of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, that may play a role in the prevention of toxic and degenerative effects in the brain. This study assessed the neuro-restorative potential of leaves of B. pinnatum enriched flavonoid fraction (BPFRF) in aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by oral administration of 150 mg/kg body weight of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) for 21 days. Rats were grouped into five (n = 6); Control (untreated), Rivastigmine group, AlCl3 group and BPFRF group (50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 21 days. Neuronal changes in the hippocampus and cortex were biochemically and histologically evaluated. Expression patterns of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mRNA were assessed using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocols. Molecular interactions of BPFRF compounds were investigated in silico. The results revealed that oral administration of BPFRF ameliorated oxidative imbalance by augmenting antioxidant systems and decreasing lipid peroxidation caused by AlCl3. BPFRF administration also contributed to the down-regulation of AChE mRNA transcripts and improved histological features in the hippocampus and cortex. Molecular docking studies revealed strong molecular interactions between BPFRF compounds, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase Overall, these findings suggest the neuroprotective effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Bio-resources Centre Abuja, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chioma Assumpta Anosike
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Parker Elijah Joshua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Bennett C Nwanguma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Okwesili Fred Chiletugo Nwodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Mkar University, Benue State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pahwa P, Singh T, Goel RK. Anticonvulsant Effect of Asparagus racemosus Willd. in a Mouse Model of Catamenial Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:422-433. [PMID: 34623565 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Family Liliaceae), also known as female reproductive tonic, is traditionally used across the Sub-Himalayan region in Uttarakhand, India for treatment of epilepsy and disorders of female reproductive system. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anticonvulsant effect of A. racemosus in a mouse model of catamenial epilepsy. We artificially increased progesterone and neurosteroid levels (a state of pseudo-pregnancy) in adult Swiss albino female mice by injecting pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) (5 IU s.c.), followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (5 IU s.c.) after 46 h. In the following 10 days, A. racemosus treatment was given along with measurement of progesterone, estradiol, and corticosterone levels in the blood. Neurosteroid withdrawal was induced by finasteride (50 mg/kg, i.p.) on treatment day 9. Twenty-four hours after finasteride administration (day 10 of treatment), seizure susceptibility was evaluated with the sub-convulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) dose (40 mg/kg i.p.). Four hours after PTZ, animals were assessed for depression like phenotypes followed by euthanasia and separation of brain parts (cortex and hippocampus). The results showed that PMSG and HCG treatment elevated progesterone and estradiol levels. Treatment with finasteride increased seizure susceptibility and depression due to decreased progesterone and elevated estrogen levels coupled with decreased monoamine and elevated corticosterone levels. A. racemosus treatment, on the other hand, significantly decreased seizure susceptibility and depression like behaviors, possibly because of increased progesterone, restored estradiol, corticosterone, and monoamine levels. We concluded that herbal formulations using A. racemosus root extracts may be used as monotherapy or adjuvant therapy along with available AEDs for the better and safe management of catamenial epilepsy as well as comorbid depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pahwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.,Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou W, Liu G, Yang B, Ji Q, Xiang W, He H, Xu Z, Qi C, Li S, Yang S, Xu C. Review on application of perylene diimide (PDI)-based materials in environment: Pollutant detection and degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146483. [PMID: 33773344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environment pollution is getting serious and various poisonous contaminants with chemical durability, biotoxicity and bioaccumulation have been widespreadly discovered in municipal wastewaters and surface water. The detection and removal of pollutants show great significance for the protection of human health and other organisms. Due to its distinctive physical and chemical properties, perylene diimide (PDI) has received widespread attention from different research fields, especially in the area of environment. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the development of PDI-based materials in fluorescence detection and advanced oxidation technology for environment was introduced. Firstly, we chiefly presented the recent progress about the synthesis of PDI and PDI-based nanomaterials. Then, their application in fluorescence detection for environment was presented and categorized, principally including the detection of heavy metal ions, harmful anions and organic contaminants in the environment. In addition, the application of PDI and PDI-based materials in different advanced oxidation technologies for environment, such as photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, Fenton and Fenton-like reaction and persulfate activation, was also summarized. At last, the challenges and future prospects of PDI-based materials in environmental applications were discussed. This review focuses on presenting the practical applications of PDI and PDI-based materials as fluorescent probes or catalysts (especially photocatalysts) in the detection of hazardous substances or catalytic elimination of organic contaminants. The contents are aimed at supplying the researchers with a deeper understanding of PDI and PDI-based materials and encouraging their further development in environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qiuyi Ji
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Weiming Xiang
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chengdu Qi
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Chenmin Xu
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Randhawa K, Singh V, Kaur S, Kaur R, Kumar S, Shri R. Isolation of Pleurotus florida derived acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
19
|
Ekakitie LI, Okpoghono J, Orororo OC, Ekakitie OA. Ameliorative prowess of bee honey in the tissues of rats administered aluminium nitrate. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
20
|
Pruthi S, Kaur K, Singh V, Shri R. Improvement of cognitive function in mice by Citrus reticulata var. kinnow via modulation of central cholinergic system and oxidative stress. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:901-910. [PMID: 33651274 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Memory disorders are a result of a number of factors, of which elevated brain oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity are significant hallmarks. A number of Citrus species have cognition-enhancing capacity mediated by their antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities. This study was designed to assess the cognitive-enhancing, antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials of Citrus reticulata var. kinnow (CR) leaf extracts. CR extracts were examined by bioactivity guided fractionation using in-vitro DPPH and Ellman assays to determine antioxidant and AChE inhibitory capacity. The most active component was further evaluated for memory improvement effects using mouse model of scopolamine induced amnesia. Passive shock avoidance test and elevated plus maze test were employed to determine cognitive functions while brain biochemical parameters were measured to establish the neuroprotective mechanism. The methanol extract (ME) showed marked AChE inhibitory and antioxidant activities, therefore, it was fractionated. Comparative analysis of all obtained fractions revealed that ethylacetate fraction (EAF) was most active. Both ME and EAF improved cognitive dysfunction caused by scopolamine in mice by reducing TBARS levels and brain AChE activity. TLC densitometric studies showed appreciable levels of naringenin in ME (0.32 % w/w) and EAF (1.14 % w/w). The observed memory enhancement effects of ME and EAF could be attributed to their ability to inhibit AChE activity and antioxidant effects due to presence of flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simran Pruthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- M M College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Karanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jenkinson P. Critical review of the publications on the genotoxicology of aluminium salts: 1990-2018. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:109-127. [PMID: 33609359 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-1970s, there have been many reports that purport to implicate aluminium in the aetiology of neurodegenerative disease. After several decades of research, the role of aluminium in such disease remains controversial and is not the subject of this review. However, if aluminium is implicated in such disease then it follows that there must be a toxicological mechanism or mode of action, and many researchers have investigated various potential mechanisms including the involvement of oxidative damage, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This paper reviews many of the publications of studies using various salts of aluminium and various genotoxicity end points, both in vitro and in vivo, with a focus on oxidative damage. The conclusion of this review is that the majority, if not all, of the publications that report positive results have serious technical flaws and/or implausible findings and consequently should contribute little or no weight to a weight of evidence (WoE) argument. There are many high-quality, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant genotoxicity studies, that follow relevant OECD test guidelines and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) integrated mutagenicity testing strategy, on several salts of aluminium; all demonstrate clear negative results for both in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity. In addition, the claim for an oxidative mode of action for aluminium can be shown to be spurious. This review concludes that there are no reliable studies that demonstrate a potential for genotoxicity, or oxidative mode of action, for aluminium.
Collapse
|
22
|
Molecular mechanisms of aluminum neurotoxicity: Update on adverse effects and therapeutic strategies. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2021; 5:1-34. [PMID: 34263089 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
23
|
Elmorsy E, Elsharkawy E, Alhumaydhi FA, Salama M. The protective effect of Indian Catechu methanolic extract against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity, A rodent model of Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06269. [PMID: 33665436 PMCID: PMC7898000 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disorder with a wide array of manifestations, courses, and contributing causes. Despite being clinically characterized a long time ago; no treatment has been developed that could improve the pathology or slow down the disease manifestation- so far. Indian Catechu methanolic extract (ICME) has proved to have multiple beneficial effects that support its use in several disorders- especially those with complex etiology. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of ICME in a rat model of AD using Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3). The results showed that ICME could have a positive impact on the course of AD through its anticholinesterase effect and significant antioxidant effect which was reflected on the animals both on behavioral tests as well as hallmark pathological findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Elmorsy
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University-ARAR, North Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Elsharkawy
- Department of Eco Physiology, Ecology and Range Management Division, Desert Research Center, Mathef El-Mataria, 15753 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty for Girls, Northern Border University-ARAR, North Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11385, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Illian DN, Siregar ES, Sumaiyah S, Utomo AR, Nuryawan A, Basyuni M. Potential compounds from several Indonesian plants to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: A mini-review of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06001. [PMID: 33532640 PMCID: PMC7833933 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronaviruses (CoVs) presents an enormous threat to humans. To date, no new therapeutic drugs or vaccines licensed to treat human coronaviruses remain undiscovered. This mini-review briefly reports the number of potential plants widely distributed in Indonesia for further research and development as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents and the critical targets for SARS-CoV-2 therapy, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, spike protein, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), helicase, and serine protease. Indonesia is rich in medicinal plants (herbal); it also has a long history of using plants to treat various hereditary diseases. However, since SARS-CoV-2 is a new disease, it has no history of plant-based treatment anywhere in the world. This mini-review describes natural products from several Indonesian plants that contain compounds that could potentially prevent or reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection, act as potential targeted therapy, and provide new therapeutic strategies to develop SARS-CoV-2 countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didi Nurhadi Illian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Etti Sartina Siregar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence for Mangrove, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Sumaiyah Sumaiyah
- Department of Technology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Rusdan Utomo
- Senior Molecular Testing Laboratory Consultant at Clinical Lab Advisor, Indonesia.,Perhimpunan Biologi Medik Indonesia PBMI, Indonesia
| | - Arif Nuryawan
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence for Mangrove, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Basyuni
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence for Mangrove, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jayasingh Chellammal HS, Menon BVV, Hasan MH, Azil A, Bin Suhaimi MT, Chandarasekaran P, Murugan Y. Neuropharmacological studies of ethanolic extract of Vaccinium corymbosum on Alzheimer’s type dementia and catatonia in Swiss albino mice. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroactive herbal drugs enriched with antioxidants are valuable in treating neurocognitive dysfunction and Vaccinium corymbosum, enriched with antioxidant phytochemicals, is used for treating memory disorders. Hence, the present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Vaccinium corymbosum (EEVC) on aluminium chloride(AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer’s type of dementia and haloperidol-induced catalepsy-associated behavioural changes. Methods:In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The total phenolic content (TPC) was quantified. For in vivo studies, AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) was orally administered for 42 days, whereas the EEVC was administered on the 21st day until the 42nd day in two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). In the haloperidol-induced group, EEVC was treated for 21 days, and haloperidol (1 mg/kg) was administered to induce behavioural changes. Open-field, Y-Maze and traction tests were performed, and the mice brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme was determined. Results: IC50 values in DPPH and ABTS assays were 85.5 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL, respectively and the total phenolic content of EEVC was found to be 0.166 mg. In a behavioral study, animals treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of EEVC exhibited a neuroprotective impact on AlCl3-induced neurodegeneration and haloperidol-induced behavioral changes with significant inhibition (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) in acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Conclusion: The neuroprotection by EEVC postulated that it is a promising therapeutic agent for treating behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions. Further investigations on pro-inflammatory cytokine and neuroendocrine regulation in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease (AD)models complement the therapeutic value of V. corymbosum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bama VV Menon
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Mizaton Hazizul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afiq Azil
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Taufiq Bin Suhaimi
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Pavithiraa Chandarasekaran
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Yasothini Murugan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abu-Taweel GM, Al-Mutary MG. Pomegranate juice rescues developmental, neurobehavioral and biochemical disorders in aluminum chloride-treated male mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 63:126655. [PMID: 33045674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aluminum (Al) is a harmful metal to organisms and is capable of entering the human body in multiple ways, such as through drinking, breathing, deodorant use, and vaccination. This study examined the prospective toxicity of Al and the protective attributes of pomegranate juice (PJ) on neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters of male mice. METHODS Six groups of male mice were treated for 35 days with 20 % PJ (group II), 40 % PJ (group III), 400 mg/kg Al (group IV), Al + 20 % PJ (group V), Al + 40 % PJ (group VI) or tap water (control, group I). Behavioral assessments were conducted for learning and memory evaluations at the end of experiment. In addition, the forebrain was isolated for biochemical analysis. RESULTS The exposure of male mice to Al decreased learning and memory retention in the shuttle box, Morris water-maze and T-Maze tests. Biochemical analysis revealed significant depletions in neurotransmitters including DA, 5-HT and AChE and oxidative proteins including GSH, GST, CAT and SOD and increased TBARES levels in Al-treated mice compared to untreated mice. Pomegranate juice provided protection against these effects after Al exposure by ameliorating learning and memory retention and oxidative state in a dose-independent manner. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that Al exposure caused behavioral and biochemical disorders. Pomegranate juice in lower dose has beneficial properties for health and can be used as a source of antioxidants to reduce the toxicity of Al and other substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Ghaleb Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ahmed WMS, Helmy NA, Ibrahim MA, Hassan HM, Zaki AR. Premna odorata extract as a protective agent on neurotoxic effect of aluminum: neurochemical, molecular, and histopathological alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2146-2157. [PMID: 32870428 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Premna odorata Blanco (Lamiaceae) is an ethnomedicinal plant, where some reports claimed their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antituberculosis effects, without investigating its role on the brain. Therefore, forty mature male rats were equally divided into 4 groups; the 1st was kept as control. Rats in groups 2 and 4 were orally given P. odorata extract daily at a dose of 500 mg/kg B.W., while those in groups 3 and 4 were daily administrated aluminum chloride "AlCl3" (70 mg/kg B.W.). The treatments extended for 30 successive days. At the end of the experimental period, brain samples were collected for biochemical assay of glutathione reductase (GSH), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). Besides, monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin), amino acids (glutamine, serine, arginine, taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), neurotransmitters, DNA damage, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α genes were estimated. Moreover, brain samples were obtained for histopathological investigation. Aluminum toxicity resulted in a decline of GSH concentration, elevation of MDA, and AChE activity. Except for GABA which exhibited a significant decrease, there was a marked increase in the measured amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters. Also, an increase in mRNA expressions of TNF-α and COX-2 was detected. It was noticed that Premna odorata extract reduced the oxidative stress and counteracted the augmentations in AChE caused by AlCl3. Marked improvements in most measured neurotransmitters with downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression were recorded in P. odorata + AlCl3 group. Premna odorata restores the altered histopathological feature induced by AlCl3. In conclusion, the present findings clarify that P. odorata extract could be important in improving and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as it was able to reduce oxidative stress, DNA damage, biochemical alterations, and histopathological changes in rats exposed to AlCl3 toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M S Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Helmy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Hossam M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Amr R Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kianian F, Marefati N, Boskabady M, Ghasemi SZ, Boskabady MH. Pharmacological Properties of Allium cepa, Preclinical and Clinical Evidences; A Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:107-134. [PMID: 34567150 PMCID: PMC8457748 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112781.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Onion or Allium cepa (A. cepa) is one of the most important condiment plants grown and consumed all over the world. This plant has various therapeutic effects attributed to its constituents, such as quercetin, thiosulphinates and phenolic acids. In the present article, various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of A. cepa were reviewed. Different online databases using keywords such as onion, A. cepa, therapeutic effects, and pharmacological effects until the end of December 2019 were searched for this purpose. Onion has been suggested to be effective in treating a broad range of disorders, including asthma, inflammatory disorders, dysentery, wounds, scars, keloids and pain. In addition, different studies have demonstrated that onion possesses numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-platelet properties as well as the effect on bone, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, respiratory, and urogenital systems effects such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-hypertensive, antispasmodic, anti-diarrheal, neuro-protective, anti-asthmatic and diuretic effects. The present review provides detailed the various pharmacological properties of onion and its constituents and possible underlying mechanisms. The results of multiple studies suggested the therapeutic effect of onion on a wide range of disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- F. K. and N. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- F. K. and N. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyyedeh Zahra Ghasemi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kothari D, Lee WD, Kim SK. Allium Flavonols: Health Benefits, Molecular Targets, and Bioavailability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E888. [PMID: 32961762 PMCID: PMC7555649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium species are revered worldwide as vegetables, condiments, and spices as well as the therapeutic agents in traditional medicine. The bioactive compounds in alliums mainly include organosulfur compounds, polyphenols, dietary fibers, and saponins. Flavonoids, particularly flavonols from alliums, have been demonstrated to have the antioxidant, anticancer, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities. However, flavonols are mostly characterized from onions and have not been comprehensively reviewed across different species. This article therefore focuses on flavonol profiles from different Allium species, their health effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and bioavailability. Intriguingly, the functional health effects of flavonols were mainly ascribed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities involving a cascade of multiple signaling pathways. Although the Allium-derived flavonols offer tremendous potential in preventing chronic disease risks, in-depth studies are needed to translate their clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.K.); (W.-D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jaiswal P, Mandal M, Mishra A. Effect of hesperidin on fluoride-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22575. [PMID: 32627286 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is the second largest contaminant of drinking water. Fluoride toxicity is a major concern in the endemic areas where a high amount of fluoride is present in ground water. Oxidative stress has been proposed to be one of the mechanisms of fluoride-induced toxicity. Antioxidant-rich food has been found to alleviate fluoride-induced toxicity. Therefore, in this study, we have examined the effect of hesperidin on fluoride-induced neurobehavioral changes in rats. In the current study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to sodium fluoride through drinking water (120 ppm). Hesperidin (200 mg kg-1 d-1 ; per os) was administered either alone or in combination with fluoride-containing drinking water. Bisphinol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) was used as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist and was administered (10 mg kg-1 d-1 ; intraperitoneal injection) with/without hesperidin along with fluoride-containing drinking water. The behavioral changes in the animals were assessed by analyzing rotarod test, novel object recognition test, and forced swim test (FST). After 8 weeks, animals were killed to isolate blood and brain for monitoring biochemical changes. The 8-week exposure of fluoride resulted in motor impairment as observed with reduced fall time in rotarod test, memory impairment as observed with reduced preference index in novel object recognition test, and depression-like behavior as observed with reduced mobility index in the FST. Treatment with hesperidin improved neurobehavioral impairment along with restoration in brain biochemical changes (ie, acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant and oxidative stress parameters). The protective effect of hesperidin was reversed by coadministration of BADGE. The neuroprotective effect of hesperidin appears to be contributed through PPAR-γ receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
| | - Mukesh Mandal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cheng D, Wang G, Wang X, Tang J, Yu Q, Zhang X, Wang S. Neuro-protection of Chlorogenic acid against Al-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via modulation of Al metabolism and Akt/GSK-3β pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
32
|
Baranauskaite J, Sadauskiene I, Liekis A, Kasauskas A, Lazauskas R, Zlabiene U, Masteikova R, Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J. Natural Compounds Rosmarinic Acid and Carvacrol Counteract Aluminium-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:E1807. [PMID: 32326410 PMCID: PMC7221925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum accumulation, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in erythrocytes and brain and liver homogenates of BALB/c mice treated with Al3+ (7.5 mg/kg/day (0.15 LD50) as AlCl3 (37.08 mg/kg/day), whereas HCl (30.41 mg/kg/day) was used as Cl- control, the treatments were performed for 21 days, i.p., in the presence and absence of rosmarinic acid (0.2805 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.) or carvacrol (0.0405 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.). The treatment with AlCl3 increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes only slightly and had no effect on brain and liver homogenates. Rosmarinic acid and carvacrol strongly increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes but decreased it in brain and liver homogenates. However, AlCl3 treatment led to Al accumulation in mice blood, brain, and liver and induced oxidative stress, assessed based on MDA concentration in the brain and liver. Both rosmarinic acid and carvacrol were able to counteract the negative Al effect by decreasing its accumulation and protecting tissues from lipid peroxidation. AlCl3 treatment increased CAT activity in mice brain and liver homogenates, whereas the administration of either rosmarinic acid or carvacrol alone or in combination with AlCl3 had no significant effect on CAT activity. SOD activity remained unchanged after all the treatments in our study. We propose that natural herbal phenolic compounds rosmarinic acid and carvacrol could be used to protect brain and liver against aluminum induced oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juste Baranauskaite
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ilona Sadauskiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (A.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Arunas Liekis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Arturas Kasauskas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Robertas Lazauskas
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ugne Zlabiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ruta Masteikova
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Igbokwe IO, Igwenagu E, Igbokwe NA. Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 12:45-70. [PMID: 32206026 PMCID: PMC7071840 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulomatous enteritis, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ephraim Igwenagu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe
- Department Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jakaria M, Azam S, Cho DY, Haque ME, Kim IS, Choi DK. The Methanol Extract of Allium cepa L. Protects Inflammatory Markers in LPS-Induced BV-2 Microglial Cells and Upregulates the Antiapoptotic Gene and Antioxidant Enzymes in N27-A Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090348. [PMID: 31480531 PMCID: PMC6770444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress are connected to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Targeting these three factors, the intervention of neuroprotective agents may have great potential in the treatment of NDDs. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of Allium cepa (MEAC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells were investigated. MEAC has been studied in regard to the regulation of the antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and various antioxidant enzyme (HO-1, NQO-1, and catalase) expressions in N27-A cells. Additionally, the protective action of MEAC has also been studied against MPP+-induced death in N27-A cells. The results suggest that MEAC is significantly protected from NO release and increase iNOS expression at the mRNA and protein levels in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. MEAC treatment also protects COX-2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, MEAC treatment prevents LPS-stimulated increases of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In N27-A cells, MEAC treatment significantly upregulates antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and antioxidant enzyme (HO-1, NQO1, and catalase) expressions. Moreover, MEAC treatment protects against MPP+-induced death in N27-A cells. To conclude, A cepa extract takes protective action against LPS and MPP+, and upregulates the antioxidant enzymes that could potentially be used in the therapy of NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Al-Amin MM, Chowdury MIA, Saifullah ARM, Alam MN, Jain P, Hossain M, Alam MA, Kazi M, Ahmad A, Raish M, Alqahtani A, Reza HM. Levocarnitine Improves AlCl 3-Induced Spatial Working Memory Impairment in Swiss albino Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:278. [PMID: 30971884 PMCID: PMC6444114 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aluminum, a neurotoxic substance, causes oxidative stress induced-neurodegenerative diseases. Several lines of evidence suggest that levocarnitine has an antioxidant effect and also plays an important role in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. However, the role of levocarnitine in aluminum-induced neurotoxicity has not been well documented. Here we aimed to investigate the effect of levocarnitine on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced oxidative stress and memory dysfunction. Methods: Male Swiss albino mice (n = 30) were treated with either control (saline) or AlCl3 or AlCl3 plus levocarnitine or levocarnitine or astaxanthin plus AlCl3 or astaxanthin alone. The spatial working memory was determined by radial arm maze (RAM). In addition, we measured the lipid peroxidation (MDA), glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPP), nitric oxide (NO) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the various brain regions including prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum (ST), parietal cortex (PC), hippocampus (HIP) hypothalamus (HT) and cerebellum (CB). We used astaxanthin as a standard antioxidant to compare the antioxidant activity of levocarnitine. Results: The RAM data showed that AlCl3 treatment (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks resulted in a significant deficit in spatial learning in mice. Moreover, aluminum exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of oxidative stress markers such as MDA, GSH, AOPP and NO in the various brain regions compared to the controls. In addition, combined administration of levocarnitine and AlCl3 significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the MDA, AOPP, GSH and NO levels in mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that levocarnitine could serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of oxidative stress associated diseases as well as in memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mamun Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - A R M Saifullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nazmul Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Preeti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Murad Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Acute aluminum chloride toxicity revisited: Study on DNA damage and histopathological, biochemical and neurochemical alterations in rat brain. Life Sci 2018; 217:202-211. [PMID: 30528774 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Due to rapid increase in industrialization in the last few years, use of aluminum (Al) and its alloys have been increased in different industrial fields. Ample evidence supports the neurotoxic effects of chronic aluminum chloride (AlCl3) administration in rats but acute Al toxicity has been less described so the present study was aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of acute AlCl3. MAIN METHODS To investigate such effects 12 male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and test rats. AlCl3 at a dose of 150 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to test rats for 7 days. Rats were subjected to behavioral assessments 24 h after last dose and after behavioral assessment rats were sacrificed to collect brain samples for further neurochemical, biochemical and histopathological examinations. KEY FINDINGS In the present study acute administration of AlCl3 resulted in noticeable behavioral deficits. Cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric disturbances were evident in AlCl3 injected rats. Test rats also exhibited marked antioxidant enzymes, cholinergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic dysfunctions and DNA fragmentation. Histopathological alterations were observed in hippocampus and cortex of rats injected with AlCl3. SIGNIFICANCE The observed effects may be due to pro-oxidant nature of Al and its participation in free radical mediated cellular injury. Al by promoting oxidative stress, impairing antioxidant defense system and altering brain neurochemistry may act as a potent neurotoxic agent as evident from observed histopathological alterations in brain of test rats. This investigation may further confirm and shed some more light on deleterious effects of acute Al intoxication on brain.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chlorogenic acid protects against aluminum toxicity via MAPK/Akt signaling pathway in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 190:113-120. [PMID: 30428426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al), which may bring about damage to the macrophages, has been implicated in the development of immunological diseases. It has been reported that chlorogenic acid (CGA, 5‑caffeoylquinic acid, chemical formula: C16H18O9) is a natural antioxidant and chelating agent with the capacity against Al (III)-induced biotoxicity. The present study was carried out to investigate whether CGA could reduce AlCl3-induced cellular damage in RAW264.7 cells. After treatment with AlCl3, the inhibition rate of viability and phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells was 54.5% and 27.6%, respectively. Administration of CGA significantly improved the integrity and phagocytic activity, and attenuated the accumulation of intracellular Al(III) level and oxidative stress in Al(III)-treated cells. Furthermore, CGA significantly inhibited Al(III)-induced increase of phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein (Bad), cytochrome c and decrease of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (Akt) protein expressions. These results showed that CGA has a protective effect against Al(III)-induced cytotoxicity through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Akt-mediated caspase pathways in RAW264.7 cells.
Collapse
|
38
|
Patel SS, Raghuwanshi R, Masood M, Acharya A, Jain SK. Medicinal plants with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:491-529. [PMID: 29303784 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterised by hypofunction of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter in the distinct region of brain. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that metabolises the ACh at synaptic cleft resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Medicinal plants have been used to treat numerous ailments and improve human health from ancient time. A traditional system of medicine is long recognised for its effective management of neurological disorders. The present review confers the scope of some common medicinal plants with a special focus on AChE-mediated central nervous system complications especially Alzheimer's disease. Literature suggests that medicinal plants reduce neuronal dysfunctions by reducing AChE activity in different brain regions. In some instances, activation of AChE activity by medicinal plants also showed therapeutic potential. In conclusion, medicinal plants have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to efficiently manage neurological disorders associated with AChE dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sita Sharan Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ramsaneh Raghuwanshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Misha Masood
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Singh V, Krishan P, Shri R. Antioxidant-mediated neuroprotection by Allium schoenoprasum L. leaf extract against ischemia reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:403-410. [PMID: 29933243 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is strongly implicated in ischemia reperfusion (IR)-mediated functional and neuronal impairment. Therefore, strategies employing antioxidants to reverse the damage due to IR are being investigated. Allium schoenoprasum L. is a culinary medicine whose antioxidant properties are well documented but whose neuroprotective potential has not been examined. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. schoenoprasum leaf extract (ASLE) on functional deficit against IR-induced cerebral injury in mice. Methods Acute toxicity studies of ASLE were performed following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 423. IR injury was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 15 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. Animals were treated for 7 days with ASLE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. once daily) after IR injury. Functional outcomes (memory and sensorimotor functions) were measured using Morris water maze and neurological severity score, respectively. Cerebral infarct size and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) were measured in order to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of ASLE. Results No toxic effects of ASLE were observed in mice. Oral treatment with ASLE for 7 days significantly attenuated IR-mediated memory and sensorimotor function deficit in the animals. The extract also reduced the cerebral infarct size and rise in brain TBARS levels, and restored the GSH levels and SOD activity. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that ASLE is safe and effective in improving functional outcomes. It demonstrates neuroprotective effect by enhancing the antioxidant defence against IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Teshika JD, Zakariyyah AM, Zaynab T, Zengin G, Rengasamy KRR, Pandian SK, Fawzi MM. Traditional and modern uses of onion bulb (Allium cepaL.): a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S39-S70. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1499074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaheer D. Teshika
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | - Toorabally Zaynab
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mahomoodally M. Fawzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and α-Lipoic Acid on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. J Toxicol 2018; 2018:2817036. [PMID: 29861723 PMCID: PMC5976966 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2817036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study was carried out to study the protective effects of quercetin and α-lipoic acid alone and in combination against aluminum chloride induced neurotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods The study consisted of eight groups, namely, Group 1: control rats, Group 2: rats receiving aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal route (i.p) for two weeks, Group 3: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 4: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 5: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 6: rats receiving lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 7: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight and quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, and Group 8: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight and quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks. The animals were killed after 24 hours of the last dose by cervical dislocation. Results Aluminium chloride treatment of rats resulted in significant increases in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, and acetylcholine esterase activity in the brain. This was accompanied with significant decreases in reduced glutathione, activities of the glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats to either quercetin or α-lipoic acid also restored altered lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase to near normal levels. Quercetin or α-lipoic acid pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats improved the protein carbonyl and reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, and acetylcholine esterase activities in rat brains towards normal levels. Combined pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats with quercetin and α-lipoic acid resulted in a tendency towards normalization of most of the parameters. Conclusions Quercetin and α-lipoic acid complemented each other in protecting the rat brain against oxidative stress induced by aluminium chloride.
Collapse
|
42
|
Samad N, Saleem A. Administration of Allium cepa L. bulb attenuates stress-produced anxiety and depression and improves memory in male mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:271-281. [PMID: 29178012 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In view of anxiolytic, antidepressant and memory strengthen properties of Allium cepa (AC; onion) bulb in various investigations; we aimed to evaluate the useful effects of onion on single immobilization stress -induced biochemical and behavioral changes. Mice in test group were treated with AC powder (200 mg/kg/day), dissolved in water, while the control group were received drinking water for 14 days. After 14 days control and AC treated mice were further divided into unstressed and stressed groups. Animals in the stressed group were subjected to immobilization stress for 2 h. 24-h after the immobilization stress, behavioral activities were monitored. Immobilization stress-induced an anxiogenic behavior in mice subjected to elevated plus maze test (EPM) and light dark activity test (LDA). 2-h immobilization stress-induced depressive behavior in animals measured by forced swim test (FST). Administration of AC attenuated the immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficits. Highest memory performance was observed in stressed mice that were pre-treated with AC in Morris water maze (MWM). Brain lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were also estimated. Present study suggests a role of antioxidant enzymes in the attenuation of 2-h stress induced anxiety and depression, and enhanced cognitive function as well by AC. The findings therefore suggest that supplementation of AC may be beneficial in the treatment of anxiety, depression and enhancement of memory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Neuroprotective effects of quercetin 4'-O-β-d-diglucoside on human striatal precursor cells in nutrient deprivation condition. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:122-128. [PMID: 29336843 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Several investigations have demonstrated neuroprotective effects of quercetin, a polyphenol widely present in nature, against neurotoxic chemicals, as well as in neuronal injury/neurodegenerative disease models. Most of these studies have been performed with quercetin aglycone and its metabolites, while scanty data are available on its glycosides. This study is aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effects of quercetin 3,4'-O-β-d-diglucoside (Q3,4'dG), isolated from the bulbs of the white cultivar (Allium cepa L.), using an in vitro model of human striatal precursor cells (HSPs), a primary culture isolated from the striatal primordium and previously characterized. To study the effect of Q3,4'dG on cell survival, HSPs were exposed to nutrient deprivation created by replacing culture medium with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Our findings showed that Q3,4'dG treatment significantly promoted cell survival and strongly decreased apoptosis induced by nutrient deprivation, as evaluated by cell proliferation/death analyses. In addition, since the adhesive capacities of cells are essential for cell survival, the expression of some adhesion molecules, such as pancadherin and focal adhesion kinase, was evaluated. Interestingly, PBS exposure significantly decreased the expression of both molecules, while in the presence of Q3,4'dG this effect was prevented. This study provides evidence of a neuroprotective role exerted by Q3,4'dG and suggests its possible implication in sustaining neuronal survival for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang X, Cheng D, Jiang W, Ma Y. Mechanisms Underlying Aluminum Neurotoxicity Related to 14-3-3ζ Protein. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:45-56. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dai Cheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Hygiene, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang X, Xi Y, Zeng X, Zhao H, Cao J, Jiang W. Effects of chlorogenic acid against aluminium neurotoxicity in ICR mice through chelation and antioxidant actions. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
46
|
Phenolic alkaloid oleracein E attenuates oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in AlCl3-treated mice. Life Sci 2017; 191:211-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
47
|
Neuroprotective effect of berberine against environmental heavy metals-induced neurotoxicity and Alzheimer's-like disease in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:432-444. [PMID: 29170048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are reported as neurodegenerative disorders progenitor. They play a role in the precipitation of abnormal β-amyloid protein and hyper-phosphorylated tau, the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aimed to validate the heavy metals-induced Alzheimer's-like disease in rats as an experimental model of AD and explore the therapeutic effect of berberine via tracking its effect on the oxidative stress-inflammatory pathway. Alzheimer's-like disease was induced in rats orally by a mixture of aluminium, cadmium and fluoride for three months, followed by berberine treatment for another one month. Berberine significantly improved the cognitive behaviors in Morris water maze test and offered a protective effect against heavy metals-induced memory impairment. Docking results showed that berberine inhibited AChE, COX-2 and TACE. Matching with in silico study, berberine downregulated the AChE expression and inhibited its activity in the brain tissues. Also, it normalized the production of TNF- α, IL-12, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, it evoked the production of antioxidant Aβ40 and inhibited the formation of Aβ42, responsible for the aggregations of amyloid-β plaques. Histopathological examination confirmed the neuroprotective effect of berberine. The present data advocate the possible beneficial effect of berberine as therapeutic modality for Alzheimer's disease via its antiinflammatory/antioxidant mechanism.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang X, Fan X, Yuan S, Jiao W, Liu B, Cao J, Jiang W. Chlorogenic acid protects against aluminium-induced cytotoxicity through chelation and antioxidant actions in primary hippocampal neuronal cells. Food Funct 2017; 8:2924-2934. [PMID: 28745369 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00659d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a major polyphenolic component of many plants, displays antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate whether CGA may influence aluminium (Al) induced cytotoxicity, aluminium chloride (50 μM Al) was administered in primary hippocampal neuronal cells presupplemented with CGA (10, 50 and 100 μM). Our study shows that the exposure to Al caused cell death, Al3+ accumulation, reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial damage in cells. The administration of CGA (50 μM) increased cell viability by 37.5%, decreased the levels of Al3+ by 26.0%, together with significantly weakening the oxidative damage compared with Al treatment alone. CGA protected neurons against Al-induced oxidative stress by increasing the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 and its target phase 2 enzymes. The administration of CGA remarkably promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, creatine kinase and acetylcholinesterase and attenuated the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Our finding shows that CGA has neuroprotective effects against Al-induced cytotoxicity by chelation and antioxidant activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinguang Fan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuzhi Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxiao Jiao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bangdi Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sharma RK, Singh T, Mishra A, Goel RK. Relative Safety of Different Antidepressants for Treatment of Depression in Chronic Epileptic Animals Associated with Depression. J Epilepsy Res 2017; 7:25-32. [PMID: 28775952 PMCID: PMC5540687 DOI: 10.14581/jer.17005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Depression is one of the major psychiatric comorbidities associated with epilepsy. The inconclusive results of antidepressants (ADs) regarding their safety in regard to convulsions have strongly contributed towards under treatment of depression in people with epilepsy (PWE). Thus, the present study was envisaged to assess the relative safety of four different classes of ADs regarding their convulsive potential in kindled/epileptic animals. Methods Kindling (an animal model to induce chronic epilepsy) was induced in male Swiss albino mice by administration of pentylenetetrazole subconvulsive doses (35 mg/kg, i.p.) at an interval of 48 ± 2 h for 42 days. The epileptic animals were treated with saline; imipramine (20 mg/kg/day i.p.); fluoxetine (20 mg/kg/day i.p.); venlafaxine (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) and mirtazapine (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 15 days. Except naive, animals were challenged with pentylenetetrazole subconvulsive dose (35 mg/kg, i.p.) on every 5th day to determine convulsion severity score, latency to first myoclonic jerk, latency to first tonic-clonic convulsions and numbers of tonic-clonic convulsions. Depression was also evaluated every 5th day employing tail suspension test 2 h after pentylenetetrazole subconvulsive dose. Results All ADs have been reported significant antidepressant potential however regarding their safety in regard to convulsions in epileptic animals, variable results are obtained. Chronic administration of venlafaxine and mirtazapine were found to have significant anticonvulsant effect in epileptic animals. The behavioral data was further corroborated by neurochemical findings. Conclusions The treatment with venlafaxine and mirtazapine can be considered safe for treatment of depression in epilepsy and may enhance anticonvulsant potential of antiepileptic drugs as an adjuvant therapy. However, pharmacokinetic studies are warranted before translating these findings in PWE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Andrade VM, Aschner M, Marreilha dos Santos AP. Neurotoxicity of Metal Mixtures. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 18:227-265. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|