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Abdel-Rasoul GM, Abu-Salem MES, Salem EAA, Allam HK, Abdel-Monaem AM, Younis FE. Neurological and neurobehavioral effects of welders in Egypt exposed to manganese containing welding fumes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02077-9. [PMID: 38951217 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Welders are more likely to develop neurobehavioral disorders because of their exposure to neurotoxic metals such as manganese. This study aimed to measure the neurobehavioral performance of welders occupationally exposed to manganese at welding enterprises and its relationship with the workplace environment. METHODS It is a comparative cross-sectional study carried out on 130 welders working at 50 welding enterprises in Menoufia governorate, Egypt, compared to 130 non-occupationally exposed controls. RESULTS It was found that the environments of the studied welding enterprises had levels of respirable dust, manganese, and total welding fumes that exceeded internationally permissible limits. In addition, the mean blood manganese levels were significantly higher among welders (4.16 ± 0.61) than the controls (1.72 ± 0.41). Welders had a significantly higher prevalence of neurological manifestations and lower performance of neurobehavioral tests. Lower neurobehavioral performance among welders was significantly correlated with increased work duration and blood levels in some tests. CONCLUSION To lessen the fumes in the breathing zone of workers, it is therefore strongly recommended to regularly wear high-quality personal protective equipment, especially masks, and to ensure proper ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eman Abdel-Azeem Salem
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Heba Khodary Allam
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | | - Faten Ezzelarab Younis
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
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2
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Fotang J, Niv L, Apter A, Hutton J, Farah R. Executive functions abilities in preschool-age children are negatively related to parental EF, screen-time and positively related to home literacy environment: an EEG study. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:738-759. [PMID: 37906176 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2272339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as Home Literacy Environment (HLE), screen time, and parental executive functions (EF) may influence the development of the child's EF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of these factors on behavioral and neurobiological measures of EF in 4-year-old children. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected while children performed the Attention Network Task (ANT), showing a smaller difference between incongruent and congruent conditions is related to better EF abilities. Data were analyzed using an Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique focusing on the N200 and P300 components (reflecting executive control and orienting attention, respectively). N200 and P300 differences (delta) between amplitudes and latencies for the incongruent and congruent conditions were computed and correlated with child EF skills, HLE, screen exposure, and parental EF. Screen exposure was associated with lower EF in children and their parents. Additionally, smaller differences between N200 amplitudes and latencies for the incongruent vs. congruent conditions were associated with higher HLE scores. In contrast, greater differences between P300 amplitudes and latencies were related to longer screen time. HLE was positively associated with EF's neurobiological (EEG) and behavioral measures, and screen time was negatively associated with these measures. This study also highlights the important relationship between parental EF (i.e., family predisposition) and EF's neurobiological and behavioral measures in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Fotang
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lior Niv
- Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alan Apter
- Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - John Hutton
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Sears L, Smith MJ, Cai L, Zierold KM. The association of manganese overexposure and neurobehavioral function is moderated by arsenic: A metal mixture analysis of children living near coal ash storage sites. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:78-86. [PMID: 38871300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Manganese is an essential element but can be neurotoxic if overexposed. Our previous study found that a higher level of manganese in nail biomarkers from children living near coal ash storage sites was associated with poorer neurobehavioral function. Children living near this type of pollution may be exposed to other metal neurotoxicants and a better understanding of manganese in the context of multiple exposures is needed. Mixture analyses were completed using nail samples from 251 children aged 6-14 years old. These biomarkers containing metals known to impact brain functioning were investigated to test our hypothesis that a mixture of metals including manganese impacts the development of children living near coal ash sites. Nails collected from children were analyzed using ICP-MS for manganese, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc based on previous research on neurotoxicity. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used while adjusting for age, sex, and maternal education as potential covariates. Children also completed the Behavioral Assessment Research System (BARS) to provide neurobehavioral measures of attention and processing speed as outcomes for mixture analyses. Metal mixture analyses indicated that the relationship of manganese concentration and attention and processing speed was moderated by arsenic.,. When nail biomarkers for arsenic were highest (90th percentile), manganese was associated with poorer neurobehavioral performance on the BARS, measured by CPT hit latency. At low levels of arsenic (10th percentile), there was no evidence of harmful effects from overexposure to manganese on CPT hit latency based on BKMR analysis. Previously reported effects of manganese on neurobehavioral function may be moderated by arsenic exposure. Metal exposures and behavior outcomes can be studied with mixture analyses such as BKMR to evaluate effects of simultaneous exposures on children exposed to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie Sears
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Melissa J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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4
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McBride DE, Bhattacharya A, Sucharew H, Brunst KJ, Barnas M, Cox C, Altman L, Hilbert TJ, Burkle J, Westneat S, Martin KV, Parsons PJ, Praamsma ML, Palmer CD, Kannan K, Smith DR, Wright R, Amarasiriwardena C, Dietrich KN, Cecil KM, Haynes EN. Child and Adolescent Manganese Biomarkers and Adolescent Postural Balance in Marietta CARES Cohort Participants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57010. [PMID: 38780454 PMCID: PMC11114102 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) plays a significant role in both human health and global industries. Epidemiological studies of exposed populations demonstrate a dose-dependent association between Mn and neuromotor effects ranging from subclinical effects to a clinically defined syndrome. However, little is known about the relationship between early life Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the associations between childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance in participants from the longitudinal Marietta Communities Actively Researching Exposures Study (CARES) cohort. METHODS Participants were recruited into CARES when they were 7-9 y old, and reenrolled at 13-18 years of age. At both time points, participants provided samples of blood, hair, and toenails that were analyzed for blood Mn and lead (Pb), serum cotinine, hair Mn, and toenail Mn. In adolescence, participants completed a postural balance assessment. Greater sway indicates postural instability (harmful effect), whereas lesser sway indicates postural stability (beneficial effect). Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to investigate the associations between childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance adjusted for age, sex, height-weight ratio, parent/caregiver intelligence quotient, socioeconomic status, blood Pb, and serum cotinine. RESULTS CARES participants who completed the adolescent postural balance assessment (n = 123 ) were 98% White and 54% female and had a mean age of 16 y (range: 13-18 y). In both childhood and adolescence, higher Mn biomarker concentrations were significantly associated with greater adolescent sway measures. Supplemental analyses revealed sex-specific associations; higher childhood Mn biomarker concentrations were significantly associated with greater sway in females compared with males. DISCUSSION This study found childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers were associated with subclinical neuromotor effects in adolescence. This study demonstrates postural balance as a sensitive measure to assess the association between Mn biomarkers and neuromotor function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. McBride
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heidi Sucharew
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly J. Brunst
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary Barnas
- Department of Psychology, Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, USA
| | - Cyndy Cox
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lorenna Altman
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy J. Hilbert
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeff Burkle
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Westneat
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kaitlin Vollet Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Patrick J. Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Meredith L. Praamsma
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D. Palmer
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Donald R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Robert Wright
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kim N. Dietrich
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin N. Haynes
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Beaudin SA, Howard S, Santiago N, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Methylphenidate alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by early manganese exposure: Role of catecholaminergic receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110949. [PMID: 38266866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with impaired attention and psychomotor functioning, as well as impulsivity/hyperactivity in children and adolescents. We have shown previously that developmental Mn exposure can cause these same dysfunctions in a rat model. Methylphenidate (MPH) lessens impairments in attention, impulse control, and psychomotor function in children, but it is unknown whether MPH ameliorates these dysfunctions when induced by developmental Mn exposure. Here, we sought to (1) determine whether oral MPH treatment ameliorates the lasting attention and sensorimotor impairments caused by developmental Mn exposure, and (2) elucidate the mechanism(s) of Mn neurotoxicity and MPH effectiveness. Rats were given 50 mg Mn/kg/d orally over PND 1-21 and assessed as adults in a series of attention, impulse control and sensorimotor tasks during oral MPH treatment (0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg/d). Subsequently, selective catecholaminergic receptor antagonists were administered to gain insight into the mechanism(s) of action of Mn and MPH. Developmental Mn exposure caused persistent attention and sensorimotor impairments. MPH treatment at 0.5 mg/kg/d completely ameliorated the Mn attentional dysfunction, whereas the sensorimotor deficits were ameliorated by the 3.0 mg/kg/d MPH dose. Notably, the MPH benefit on attention was only apparent after prolonged treatment, while MPH efficacy for the sensorimotor deficits emerged early in treatment. Selectively antagonizing D1, D2, or α2A receptors had no effect on the Mn-induced attentional dysfunction or MPH efficacy in this domain. However, antagonism of D2R attenuated the Mn sensorimotor deficits, whereas the efficacy of MPH to ameliorate those deficits was diminished by D1R antagonism. These findings demonstrate that MPH is effective in alleviating the lasting attentional and sensorimotor dysfunction caused by developmental Mn exposure, and they clarify the mechanisms underlying developmental Mn neurotoxicity and MPH efficacy. Given that the cause of attention and psychomotor deficits in children is often unknown, these findings have implications for the treatment of environmentally induced attentional and psychomotor dysfunction in children more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Shanna Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Santiago
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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6
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Schildroth S, Kordas K, White RF, Friedman A, Placidi D, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Horton M, Claus Henn B. An Industry-Relevant Metal Mixture, Iron Status, and Reported Attention-Related Behaviors in Italian Adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:27008. [PMID: 38363634 PMCID: PMC10871126 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental metals has been consistently associated with attention and behavioral deficits in children, and these associations may be modified by coexposure to other metals or iron (Fe) status. However, few studies have investigated Fe status as a modifier of a metal mixture, particularly with respect to attention-related behaviors. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure study, which included 707 adolescents (10-14 years of age) from Brescia, Italy. Manganese, chromium, and copper were quantified in hair samples, and lead was quantified in whole blood, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations of Fe status markers (ferritin, hemoglobin, transferrin) were measured using immunoassays or luminescence assays. Attention-related behaviors were assessed using the Conners Rating Scales Self-Report Scale-Long Form, Parent Rating Scales Revised-Short Form, and Teacher Rating Scales Revised-Short Form. We employed Bayesian kernel machine regression to examine associations of the metal mixture with these outcomes and evaluate Fe status as a modifier. RESULTS Higher concentrations of the metals and ferritin were jointly associated with worse self-reported attention-related behaviors: metals and ferritin set to their 90th percentiles were associated with 3.0% [β = 0.03 ; 95% credible interval (CrI): - 0.01 , 0.06], 4.1% (β = 0.04 ; 95% CrI: 0.00, 0.08), and 4.1% (β = 0.04 ; 95% CrI: 0.00, 0.08) higher T -scores for self-reported attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index, inattention, and hyperactivity, respectively, compared with when metals and ferritin were set to their 50th percentiles. These associations were driven by hair manganese, which exhibited nonlinear associations with all self-reported scales. There was no evidence that Fe status modified the neurotoxicity of the metal mixture. The metal mixture was not materially associated with any parent-reported or teacher-reported scale. CONCLUSIONS The overall metal mixture, driven by manganese, was adversely associated with self-reported attention-related behavior. These findings suggest that exposure to multiple environmental metals impacts adolescent neurodevelopment, which has significant public health implications. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Schildroth S, Valeri L, Kordas K, Shi B, Friedman A, Smith D, Placidi D, Wright RO, Lucchini RG, White RF, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Assessing the mediating role of iron status on associations between an industry-relevant metal mixture and verbal learning and memory in Italian adolescents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167435. [PMID: 37774885 PMCID: PMC10918745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals, including lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu), have been associated with neurodevelopment; iron (Fe) plays a role in the metabolism and neurotoxicity of metals, suggesting Fe may mediate metal-neurodevelopment associations. However, no study to date has examined Fe as a mediator of the association between metal mixtures and neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE We assessed Fe status as a mediator of a mixture of Pb, Mn, Cr and Cu in relation to verbal learning and memory in a cohort of Italian adolescents. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 383 adolescents (10-14 years) in the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure Study. Metals were quantified in blood (Pb) or hair (Mn, Cr, Cu) using ICP-MS, and three markers of Fe status (blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin and transferrin) were quantified using luminescence assays or immunoassays. Verbal learning and memory were assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test for Children (CVLT-C). We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression Causal Mediation Analysis to estimate four mediation effects: the natural direct effect (NDE), natural indirect effect (NIE), controlled direct effect (CDE) and total effect (TE). Beta (β) coefficients and 95 % credible intervals (CIs) were estimated for all effects. RESULTS The metal mixture was jointly associated with a greater number of words recalled on the CVLT-C, but these associations were not mediated by Fe status. For example, when ferritin was considered as the mediator, the NIE for long delay free recall was null (β = 0.00; 95 % CI = -0.22, 0.23). Conversely, the NDE (β = 0.23; 95 % CI = 0.01, 0.44) indicated a beneficial association of the mixture with recall that operated independently of Fe status. CONCLUSION An industry-relevant metal mixture was associated with learning and memory, but there was no evidence of mediation by Fe status. Further studies in populations with Fe deficiency and greater variation in metal exposure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Baoyi Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Schildroth S, Bauer JA, Friedman A, Austin C, Coull BA, Placidi D, White RF, Smith D, Wright RO, Lucchini RG, Arora M, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Early life manganese exposure and reported attention-related behaviors in Italian adolescents. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e274. [PMID: 38912396 PMCID: PMC11189689 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient and neurotoxicant, and the neurodevelopmental effects of Mn may depend on exposure timing. Less research has quantitatively compared the impact of Mn exposure on neurodevelopment across exposure periods. Methods We used data from 125 Italian adolescents (10-14 years) from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure Study to estimate prospective associations of Mn in three early life exposure periods with adolescent attention-related behaviors. Mn was quantified in deciduous teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to represent prenatal (2nd trimester-birth), postnatal (birth ~1.5 years), and childhood (~1.5-6 years) exposure. Attention-related behavior was evaluated using the Conners Behavior Rating Scales in adolescence. We used multivariable linear regression models to quantify associations between Mn in each exposure period, and multiple informant models to compare associations across exposure periods. Results Median tooth Mn levels (normalized to calcium) were 0.4 area under the curve (AUC) 55Mn:43Ca × 104, 0.1 AUC 55Mn:43Ca × 104, and 0.0006 55Mn:43Ca for the prenatal, postnatal, and childhood periods. A doubling in prenatal tooth Mn levels was associated with 5.3% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -10.3%, 0.0%) lower (i.e., better) teacher-reported inattention scores, whereas a doubling in postnatal tooth Mn levels was associated with 4.5% (95% CI = -9.3%, 0.6%) and 4.6% (95% CI = -9.5%, 0.6%) lower parent-reported inattention and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder index scores, respectively. Childhood Mn was not beneficially associated with reported attention-related behaviors. Conclusion Protective associations in the prenatal and postnatal periods suggest Mn is beneficial for attention-related behavior, but not in the childhood period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Friedman A, Schildroth S, Bauer JA, Coull BA, Smith DR, Placidi D, Cagna G, Krengel MH, Tripodis Y, White RF, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Horton M, Austin C, Arora M, Claus Henn B. Early-life manganese exposure during multiple developmental periods and adolescent verbal learning and memory. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107307. [PMID: 37832858 PMCID: PMC10834060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is both an essential and toxic metal, and associations with neurodevelopment depend on exposure timing. Prospective data examining early life Mn with adolescent cognition are sparse. METHODS We enrolled 140 Italian adolescents (10-14 years old) from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure study. Mn in deciduous teeth was measured using laser ablation-mass spectrometry to represent prenatal, postnatal and early childhood exposure. The California Verbal Learning Test for Children (CVLT-C) was administered to assess adolescent verbal learning and memory. Multivariable regression models estimated changes in CVLT-C scores and the odds of making an error per doubling in dentine Mn in each exposure period. Multiple informant models tested for differences in associations across exposure periods. RESULTS A doubling in prenatal dentine Mn levels was associated with lower odds of making an intrusion error (OR = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.61]). This beneficial association was not observed in other exposure periods. A doubling in childhood Mn was beneficially associated with short delay free recall: (ß = 0.47 [95% CI: -0.02, 0.97]), which was stronger in males (ß = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.05, 1.82]). Associations were null in the postnatal period. CONCLUSION Exposure timing is critical for understanding Mn-associated changes in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Julia A Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Darmouth, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maxine H Krengel
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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10
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Lane JM, Curtin P, Chelonis JJ, Pantic I, Martinez-Medina S, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO. Prenatal manganese biomarkers and operant test battery performance in Mexican children: Effect modification by child sex. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116880. [PMID: 37574101 PMCID: PMC10919280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is essential to healthy neurodevelopment, but both Mn deficiency and over-exposure have been linked to prefrontal cortex (PFC) impairments, the brain region that regulates cognitive and neurobehavioral processes responsible for spatial memory, learning, motivation, and time perception. These processes facilitated by attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility are often sexually dimorphic and complex, driven by multiple interconnected neurologic and cognitive domains. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of child sex as an effect modifier of the association between prenatal Mn exposure and performance in an operant testing battery (OTB) that assessed multiple cognitive and behavioral functional domains. METHODS Children (N = 575) aged 6-8 years completed five OTB tasks. Blood and urinary Mn measurements were collected from mothers in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Multiple regression models estimated the association between Mn biomarkers at each trimester with OTB performance while adjusting for socio-demographic covariates. Covariate-adjusted weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were used to estimate the association of a Mn multi-media biomarker (MMB) mixture with OTB performance. Interaction terms were used to estimate modification effect by child sex. RESULTS Higher blood Mn exposure was associated with better response rates (more motivation) on the progressive ratio task and higher overall accuracy on the delayed matching-to-sample task. In the WQS models, the MMB mixture was associated with better response rates (more motivation) on the progressive ratio task. Additionally, for the linear and WQS models, we observed a modification effect by child sex in the progressive ratio and delayed matching-to-sample tasks. Higher prenatal Mn biomarker levels were associated with improved task performance for girls and reduced performance in boys. CONCLUSION Higher prenatal blood Mn concentrations and the MMB mixture predicted improved performance on two of five operant tasks. Higher prenatal Mn concentrations regulated executive functions in children in a sexually dimorphic manner. Higher prenatal Mn exposure is associated with improved performance on spatial memory and motivation tasks in girls, suggesting that Mn's nutritional role is sexually dimorphic, and should be considered when making dietary and/or environmental intervention recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil M Lane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John J Chelonis
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Martinez-Medina
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
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11
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Gatzke-Kopp LM, Riis JL, Ahmadi H, Piccerillo HL, Granger DA, Blair CB, Thomas EA. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased levels of metals in children's saliva. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:903-910. [PMID: 37147431 PMCID: PMC10733142 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been associated with detectable levels of cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) in children's saliva. However, tobacco smoke also contains toxic and essential trace metals, including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). OBJECTIVE The current study examines whether there is a relationship between ETS exposure, as gauged by salivary cotinine, and salivary levels of these metals in a subset (n = 238) of children from the Family Life Project. METHODS Using inductively-coupled-plasma optical emission spectrophotometry, we measured levels of metals in saliva from children at ~90 months of age. Salivary cotinine was measured using a commercial immunoassay. RESULTS We found that Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn were detected in most samples (85-99%) with lower levels of detection for Pb and Ni (9.3% and 13.9% respectively). There were no significant differences in any of the metal concentrations between males and females, nor were levels associated with body mass index, although significant differences in salivary Cr and Mn by race, state and income-to-needs ratio were observed. Children with cotinine levels >1 ng/ml had higher levels of Zn (b = 0.401, 95% CI: 0.183 to 0.619; p = 0.0003) and Cu (b = 0.655, 95% CI: 0.206 to 1.104; p = 0.004) compared to children with levels <1 ng/ml, after controlling for multiple confounders, including sex, race, BMI and income-to-needs ratio. Further, we show that children whose cotinine levels were >1 μg/L were more likely to have detectable levels of Pb in their saliva (b = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.424 to 2.459; p = 0.006) compared to children with cotinine levels <1 ng/ml, also considering confounders. IMPACT STATEMENT This is the first study to demonstrate significant associations between salivary cotinine and salivary levels of Cu, Zn and Pb, suggesting that environmental tobacco smoke exposure my be one source of increased children's exposure to heavy metals. This study also demonstrates that saliva samples can be used to measure heavy metal exposure, and thus serve as a non-invasive tool for assessing a broader range of risk indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jenna L Riis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hedyeh Ahmadi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- University Statistical Consulting, LLC, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hillary L Piccerillo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clancy B Blair
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thomas
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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12
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Beaudin SA, Howard S, Santiago N, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Methylphenidate alleviates cognitive dysfunction from early Mn exposure: Role of catecholaminergic receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546786. [PMID: 37873333 PMCID: PMC10592804 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with impaired attention and psychomotor functioning, as well as impulsivity/hyperactivity in children and adolescents. We have shown previously that developmental Mn exposure can cause these same dysfunctions in a rat model. Methylphenidate (MPH) lessens impairments in attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function in children, but it is unknown whether MPH ameliorates these dysfunctions when induced by developmental Mn exposure. Here, we sought to (1) determine whether oral MPH treatment ameliorates the lasting attention and sensorimotor impairments caused by developmental Mn exposure, and (2) elucidate the mechanism(s) of Mn neurotoxicity and MPH effectiveness. Rats were given 50 mg Mn/kg/d orally over PND 1-21 and assessed as adults in a series of attention, impulse control and sensorimotor tasks during oral MPH treatment (0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg/d). Subsequently, selective catecholaminergic receptor antagonists were administered to gain insight into the mechanism(s) of action of Mn and MPH. Developmental Mn exposure caused persistent attention and sensorimotor impairments. MPH treatment at 0.5 mg/kg/d completely ameliorated the Mn attentional dysfunction, whereas the sensorimotor deficits were ameliorated by the 3.0 mg/kg/d MPH dose. Notably, the MPH benefit on attention was only apparent after prolonged treatment, while MPH efficacy for the sensorimotor deficits emerged early in treatment. Selectively antagonizing D1, D2, or α2A receptors had no effect on the Mn-induced attentional dysfunction or MPH efficacy in this domain. However, antagonism of D2R attenuated the Mn sensorimotor deficits, whereas the efficacy of MPH to ameliorate those deficits was diminished by D1R antagonism. These findings demonstrate that MPH is effective in alleviating the lasting attention and sensorimotor dysfunction caused by developmental Mn exposure, and they clarify the mechanisms underlying developmental Mn neurotoxicity and MPH efficacy. Given that the cause of attention and psychomotor deficits in children is often unknown, these findings have implications for the treatment of environmentally-induced attentional and psychomotor dysfunction in children more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Shanna Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Santiago
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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13
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Cardoso MS, Rocha AR, Souza-Júnior JA, Menezes-Filho JA. Analytical method for urinary homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels using HPLC with electrochemical detection applied to evaluate children environmentally exposed to manganese. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5699. [PMID: 37427763 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) are the urinary metabolites of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HA), respectively. We aimed to develop an extraction method for the determination of HVA and 5-HIAA, using strong anionic exchange cartridges combined with HPLC with electrochemical detection, and apply it to measure the levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in children living near a ferro-manganese alloy plant in Simões Filho, Brazil. The validated method showed good selectivity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. The limits of detection (LOD) were 4 and 8 μmol/L for 5-HIAA and HVA, respectively, in urine. Recoveries ranged from 85.8 to 94%. The coefficients of determination (R2 ) of the calibration curves were greater than 0.99. Spot urine samples of 30 exposed children and 20 nonexposed ones were processed accordingly. The metabolite levels in exposed and reference children were within the physiological ranges. The medians (range) for 5-HIAA and HVA of the exposed ones were 36.4 μmol/L (18.4-58.0) and 32.9 μmol/L (
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Andrea Rebouças Rocha
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - José Antonio Menezes-Filho
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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14
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Schildroth S, Friedman A, White RF, Kordas K, Placidi D, Bauer JA, Webster TF, Coull BA, Cagna G, Wright RO, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Associations of an industry-relevant metal mixture with verbal learning and memory in Italian adolescents: The modifying role of iron status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115457. [PMID: 36773645 PMCID: PMC10117691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarker concentrations of metals are associated with neurodevelopment, and these associations may be modified by nutritional status (e.g., iron deficiency). No prior study on associations of metal mixtures with neurodevelopment has assessed effect modification by iron status. OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantify associations of an industry-relevant metal mixture with verbal learning and memory among adolescents, and to investigate the modifying role of iron status on those associations. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 383 Italian adolescents (10-14 years) living in proximity to ferroalloy industry. Verbal learning and memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test for Children (CVLT-C), and metals were quantified in hair (manganese, copper, chromium) or blood (lead) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum ferritin, a proxy for iron status, was measured using immunoassays. Covariate-adjusted associations of the metal mixture with CVLT subtests were estimated using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression, and modification of the mixture associations by ferritin was examined. RESULTS Compared to the 50th percentile of the metal mixture, the 90th percentile was associated with a 0.12 standard deviation [SD] (95% CI = -0.27, 0.50), 0.16 SD (95% CI = -0.11, 0.44), and 0.11 SD (95% CI = -0.20, 0.43) increase in the number of words recalled for trial 5, long delay free, and long delay cued recall, respectively. For an increase from its 25th to 75th percentiles, copper was beneficially associated the recall trials when other metals were fixed at their 50th percentiles (for example, trial 5 recall: β = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.48). The association between copper and trial 5 recall was stronger at the 75th percentile of ferritin, compared to the 25th or 50th percentiles. CONCLUSIONS In this metal mixture, copper was beneficially associated with neurodevelopment, which was more apparent at higher ferritin concentrations. These findings suggest that metal associations with neurodevelopment may depend on iron status, which has important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Julia A Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami FL, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
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15
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Alvarenga MAS, Bandeira PFR, Guilhermino CS, de Azevedo TG, Olímpio KF, Mansur-Alves M, Buchanan T. Cross-cultural adaptation of the web-based executive functioning questionnaire for Brazilian sample (Webexec-BR). APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36706078 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2170799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Web-based Executive Functioning Questionnaire (Webexec) is a brief scale developed to assess executive functions via online format. It has been used in different contexts, but its adaptation to other cultures is still restricted. This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Webexec for a Brazilian sample considering the psychometric properties of the scale. This study used a sample of 295 Brazilian participants, with a mean age equal to 20.69 (SD = 6.030). This is a longitudinal study with reapplication of the scale six weeks after the test phase. Classical and contemporary methods were applied to analyze the psychometric properties of the Webexec. The results showed that the scale presented excellent psychometric properties for the Brazilian version, considering validity evidence based on the content and internal structure of Webexec, as well as reliability and precision. However, it is considered that other relational and experimental studies should be carried out with a larger sample size and for different population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tiago Geraldo de Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Kelly Fernandes Olímpio
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Marcela Mansur-Alves
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tom Buchanan
- Centre for Psychological Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
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16
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Pajarillo E, Demayo M, Digman A, Nyarko-Danquah I, Son DS, Aschner M, Lee E. Deletion of RE1-silencing transcription factor in striatal astrocytes exacerbates manganese-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Glia 2022; 70:1886-1901. [PMID: 35638297 PMCID: PMC9378447 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic manganese (Mn) overexposure causes a neurological disorder, referred to as manganism, exhibiting symptoms similar to parkinsonism. Dysfunction of the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Mn-induced neurotoxicity, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully characterized. Although neuronal REST is known to be neuroprotective, the role of astrocytic REST in neuroprotection remains to be established. We investigated if astrocytic REST in the striatal region of the mouse brain where Mn preferentially accumulates plays a role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Striatal astrocytic REST was deleted by infusion of adeno-associated viral vectors containing sequences of the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter-driven Cre recombinase into the striatum of RESTflox/flox mice for 3 weeks, followed by Mn exposure (30 mg/kg, daily, intranasally) for another 3 weeks. Striatal astrocytic REST deletion exacerbated Mn-induced impairment of locomotor activity and cognitive function with further decrease in Mn-reduced protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in the striatum. Astrocytic REST deletion also exacerbated the Mn-induced proinflammatory mediator COX-2, as well as cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in the striatum. Mn-induced detrimental astrocytic products such as proinflammatory cytokines on neuronal toxicity were attenuated by astrocytic REST overexpression, but exacerbated by REST inhibition in an in vitro model using primary human astrocytes and Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) neuronal culture. These findings indicate that astrocytic REST plays a critical role against Mn-induced neurotoxicity by modulating astrocytic proinflammatory factors and GLT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mark Demayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Alexis Digman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition of the Institute for Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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17
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Nadig APR, Huwaimel B, Alobaida A, Khafagy ES, Alotaibi HF, Moin A, Lila ASA, Suman, M S, Krishna KL. Manganese chloride (MnCl 2) induced novel model of Parkinson's disease in adult Zebrafish; Involvement of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113697. [PMID: 36137406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder imposing a severe health and socioeconomic burden worldwide. Existing pharmacological approaches for developing PD are poorly developed and do not represent all the characteristics of disease pathology. Developing cost-effective, reliable Zebrafish (ZF) model will meet this gap. The present study was conceived to develop a reliable PD model in the ZF using manganese chloride (MnCl2). Here, we report that chronic exposure to 2 mM MnCl2 for 21 days produced non-motor and motor PD-like symptoms in adult ZF. Compared with control fish, MnCl2-treated fish showed reduced locomotory activity, indicating a deficit in motor function. In the light-dark box test, MnCl2-treated fish exhibited anxiety and depression-like behavior. MnCl2-treated fish exhibited a less olfactory preference for amino acids, indicating olfactory dysfunction. These behavioral symptoms were associated with decreased dopamine and increased DOPAC levels. Furthermore, oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic pathway, decreased brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were observed upon chronic exposure to MnCl2 in the brain of ZF. Thus, MnCl2-induced PD in ZF can be a cost-effective PD model in the drug discovery process. Moreover, this model could be potentially utilized to investigate the molecular pathways underlying the multifaceted pathophysiology which leads to PD using relatively inexpensive species. MnCl2 being heavy metal may have other side effects in addition to neurotoxicity. Our model recapitulates most of the hallmarks of PD, but not all pathological processes are involved. Future studies are required to recapitulate the complete pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek P R Nadig
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570 015. India
| | - Bader Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alobaida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Suman
- Department of Dravyaguna, Govt. Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, New Sayyajirao Road, Mysuru 570 001, India
| | - Sahyadri M
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570 015. India
| | - K L Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570 015. India.
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Mbazima SJ. Health risk assessment of particulate matter 2.5 in an academic metallurgy workshop. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13111. [PMID: 36168227 PMCID: PMC9825944 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor PM2.5 is associated with allergies, eye and skin irritation, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary diseases. To control indoor PM2.5 and protect the health of occupants, exposure and health studies are necessary. In this study, exposure to PM2.5 released in an academic metallurgy workshop was assessed and a health risk assessment was conducted for male and female students and technicians. Polycarbonate membrane filters and an active pump operating at a flow rate of 2.5 L/min were used to collect PM2.5 from Monday to Friday for 3 months (August-October 2020) from 08:00-16:00. PM2.5 mass concentrations were obtained gravimetrically, and the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model was used to predict the deposition, retention, and clearance of PM2.5 in the respiratory tract system. The risk of developing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects among students and technicians was determined. The average PM2.5 mass concentration for August was 32.6 μg/m3 32.8 μg/m3 for September, and 32.2 μg/m3 for October. The head region accounted for the highest deposition fraction (49.02%), followed by the pulmonary (35.75%) and tracheobronchial regions (15.26%). Approximately 0.55 mg of PM2.5 was still retained in the alveolar region 7 days after exposure. The HQ for male and female students was <1 while that of male and female technicians was >1, suggesting that technicians are at risk of developing non-carcinogenic health effects compared with students. The results showed a risk of developing carcinogenic health effects among male and female technicians (>1 × 10-5 ); however, there was no excess cancer risk for students (<1 × 10-6 ). This study highlights the importance of exposure and health studies in academic micro-environments such as metallurgy workshops which are often less researched, and exposure is underestimated. The results also indicated the need to implement control measures to protect the health of the occupants and ensure that the workshop rules are adhered to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setlamorago Jackson Mbazima
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Toxicology and BiochemistryNational Institute for Occupational HealthDivision of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
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Oppenheimer AV, Bellinger DC, Coull BA, Weisskopf MG, Korrick SA. The association of prenatal manganese exposure with problem-solving skills and its mediation by the building blocks of executive function. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:191-199. [PMID: 35995271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problem-solving skills build upon three core executive functions: inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. There is evidence of adverse associations of prenatal exposure to manganese (Mn) with core executive functions, but less is known about Mn associations with problem-solving or potential mediators of this association. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association of prenatal Mn exposure with problem-solving and to identify potential neuropsychological mechanisms through which this association may be mediated. METHODS Study participants were 410 adolescents from the New Bedford Cohort (NBC) who have undergone periodic evaluations since their birth (1993-1998) to mothers residing near a Massachusetts Superfund site. We investigated the association of cord blood Mn with problem-solving measured by the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Sorting and Tower subtests (scores scaled to a mean ± SD of 10 ± 3) using multivariable linear regression. Inhibition and cognitive flexibility were also measured by the D-KEFS; working memory was measured with the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, 2nd edition. Regression-based causal mediation analysis was used to assess the proportion of the Mn-problem-solving association mediated by inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility individually and jointly. RESULTS NBC adolescents (mean age 15.5 years) were socio-demographically diverse with 31 % in a low-income household at birth and had cord blood Mn concentrations similar to other general population samples. Mn was associated with Sorting but not Tower scores. Specifically, a doubling of cord blood Mn concentrations was associated with - 0.59 points lower (95 % CI: -1.16, -0.03) Sort Recognition score. In mediation analyses, there was suggestive evidence that inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility combined mediated 30 % of the total effect of Mn on Sorting. When analyzed individually, working memory mediated a larger proportion (24 %) of the effect than inhibition or cognitive flexibility. DISCUSSION We observed adverse associations of cord blood Mn with problem-solving among adolescents. There was suggestive evidence that the building blocks of executive function jointly, and working memory individually, were potentially important mediators of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Oppenheimer
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Environmental Influences on the Behavioural and Emotional Outcomes of Children: A Network Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148479. [PMID: 35886325 PMCID: PMC9320434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Intellectual developmental disorders are a serious source of health morbidity with negative consequences for adults as well as children. However, there is limited evidence on the environmental, trace element, behavioural, and emotional outcomes in children. Here, we investigated whether there is any association between child behaviour and emotional outcomes and micronutrients using network analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9-year-old children within a Pacific Island Families study birth cohort. Elemental concentration was determined in children’s toenails after acid digestion and analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We used network analysis to identify closely associated trace elements and tested the directions and strength of these trace elements. MANCOVA were used to identify the significant associations between individual elements and the behavioural/emotional function of the children using the children behaviour checklist (CBCL). At the final step, quantile regression analysis was used to assess and quantify the identified associations between CBCL function scores and manganese, adjusted by sex, ethnicity, and standardized BMI. Results: Three major nutrient networks were identified. In the Mn network, Mn was strongly positively associated with Al (0.63) and Fe (r = 0.65) and moderately associated with Pb (r = 0.45) and Sb (r = 0.42). Al was also strongly associated with Fe (r = 0.9). Children in the second or third clinical group, with an elevated externalized CBCL score, had a much higher mean and median level of Mn as compared to the normal range group. The aggression score was significantly associated with Mn concentration and sex. Higher Mn concentrations were associated with a higher aggression score. A 1 ug/g unit increase in Mn was associated with a 2.44-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.55–4.21) in aggression score, and boys had higher median aggression score than girls (difference: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9–2.8). Attention and rule breaking scores were both significantly associated with Mn concentration. Higher Mn concentrations were associated with higher attention behaviour problem and rule breaking scores. A 1 ug/g unit increase in Mn was found to be associated with a 1.80-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.37–2.82) in attention score, and a 1.46-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.74) in the rule breaking score. Thought score was not significantly associated with Mn concentration (p = 0.13) but was significantly lower in boys (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Exceeding Mn levels is potentially toxic and has been identified to be associated with worse externalized children’s behavioural health and emotional well-being. Future studies are necessary to find the exposure paths so that advice shall be provided to family and care providers in public health and environmental protection.
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Carvalho CF, Santos-Lima C, Souza-Marques B, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Lorenzo RG, França RJAF, Araújo-Dos-Santos B, Veloso TJ, Rodrigues JLG, Araújo CFS, Dos Santos NR, Bandeira MJ, Anjos ALS, Mergler D, Abreu N, Menezes-Filho JA. Executive functions in school-aged children exposed to airborne manganese: A multilevel analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112940. [PMID: 35182597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological alterations have been identified in populations heavily exposed to metals with neurotoxic potential, such as manganese (Mn). This study examined the associations between Mn environmental exposure in school-aged children and executive functions, using structural equation modeling. Children, aged between 7 and 12 years (N = 181), were recruited from four elementary schools located in a region that is under the influence of atmospheric emissions from a ferro-manganese alloy plant in the municipality of Simões Filho, Bahia, Brazil. The following cognitive functions were evaluated: Intelligence, Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Verbal and Design Fluency, Verbal and Visual Working Memory and Attention. We performed structural equation modeling to identify the following executive functions latent variables: working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. We further analyzed the relations between executive functions and Mn measured in hair (MnH) and toenails (MnTn) with linear mixed models, after controlling for co-variables. A positive effect at the individual level on working memory, inhibition control and cognitive flexibility was observed with MnTn after controlling for co-variables, but no association was found with MnH levels. However, children attending school most environmentally exposed to Mn emissions, which had the highest rate of Mn dust deposition, had the poorest scores on working memory. These findings suggest both benefits and risk of Mn on children's cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissie F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Neuropsicologia Cognitiva e Escolar, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Cassio Santos-Lima
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Breno Souza-Marques
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo G Lorenzo
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J A F França
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Araújo-Dos-Santos
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tainã J Veloso
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana L G Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cecília F S Araújo
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus J Bandeira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura S Anjos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Donna Mergler
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Biologie, la Santé, la Société et l'Environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec a Montreal, Canada
| | - Neander Abreu
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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Zhang C, Jing D, Huang X, Xiao Y, Shu Z, Luo D, Duan Y, He M, Xiao S, Chen X, Huang Z, Shen M. Effects of co-exposure to multiple metals on children's behavior problems in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154062. [PMID: 35217036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to single metals have been linked to childhood behavior problems, But little is known about the effects of metals mixtures on children. We aimed to evaluate associations of multiple metals exposures in urine with childhood behavior in China. For this population-based study, the children eligible for inclusion provided urine samples and their parents agreed to take in-person interview. A total of 831 children were remained from three cities for the final analysis. Urinary metals concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The childhood behavior scores was calculated by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). Variable selection was achieved by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization and stepwise regression to for all metals in the study. Linear regression models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to estimate the associations of urinary metals concentrations with children's behavior. In BKMR models, the overall effect of mixture was significantly associated with conduct problems, learning problems and hyperactive index when urinary metals concentrations were all above the 50th percentile compared to all of them at their medians. The models also suggested marginally significant interaction effects of Se and Fe as well as Se and Sb (PSe∗Fe = 0.063; PSe∗Sb = 0.061), with a decline in estimate of Se on learning problems when Sb/Fe levels were relatively high. The concentrations of 22 metals in boys were higher than girls. In summary, multiple metals are associated with an increased risk of childhood behavioral problems in China. Potential interaction effects of Se and Fe as well as Se and Sb on childhood behavior should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhihao Shu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Oppenheimer AV, Bellinger DC, Coull BA, Weisskopf MG, Korrick SA. Prenatal exposure to chemical mixtures and working memory among adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112436. [PMID: 34843721 PMCID: PMC8760169 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Working memory is the ability to keep information in one's mind and mentally manipulate it. Decrements in working memory play a key role in many behavioral and psychiatric disorders, therefore identifying modifiable environmental risk factors for such decrements is important for mitigating these disorders. There is some evidence that prenatal exposure to individual chemicals may adversely impact working memory among children, but few studies have explored the association of co-exposure to multiple chemicals with this outcome in adolescence, a time when working memory skills undergo substantial development. We investigated the association of organochlorines (DDE, HCB, PCBs) and metals (lead, manganese) measured in cord serum and cord blood, respectively, with working memory measured with the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, 2nd Edition among 373 adolescents living near a Superfund site in New Bedford, Massachusetts. We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) and linear regression analyses and assessed effect modification by sex and prenatal social disadvantage. In BKMR models, we observed an adverse joint association of the chemical mixture with Verbal, but not Symbolic, Working Memory. In co-exposure and covariate-adjusted linear regression models, a twofold increase in cord blood manganese was associated with lower working memory scaled scores, with a stronger association with Verbal Working Memory (difference = -0.75; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.20 points) compared to Symbolic Working Memory (difference = -0.44; 95% CI: -1.00, 0.12 points). There was little evidence of effect modification by sex and some evidence associating organochlorine pesticides with poorer working memory scores among those with greater prenatal social disadvantage. This study provided evidence of an adverse joint association of a chemical mixture with a verbal working memory task among adolescents, as well as an adverse association of prenatal manganese exposure with working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Oppenheimer
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Heng YY, Asad I, Coleman B, Menard L, Benki-Nugent S, Hussein Were F, Karr CJ, McHenry MS. Heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265536. [PMID: 35358213 PMCID: PMC8970501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of harmful environmental exposures, which disproportionately affects low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), contributes to >25% of deaths and diseases worldwide and detrimentally affects child neurodevelopment. Few resources succinctly summarize the existing literature on this topic. Our objective is to systematically review and characterize the evidence regarding the relationship between heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in LMICs. METHODS We conducted a medical librarian-curated search on multiple online databases to identify articles that included individuals <18 years living in a LMIC, quantitatively measured exposure to a heavy metal (either prenatal or postnatal), and used a standardized measurement of neurodevelopment (i.e. cognitive, language, motor, and behavior). Reviews, editorials, or case studies were excluded. Results were analyzed qualitatively, and quality was assessed. RESULTS Of the 18,043 screened articles, 298 full-text articles were reviewed, and 100 articles met inclusion criteria. The included studies represented data from 19 LMICs, only one of which was classified as a low-income country. Ninety-four percent of postnatal lead and all postnatal manganese studies showed a negative association with metal exposure and neurodevelopment, which were the strongest relationships among the metals studied. Postnatal exposure of mercury was associated with poor neurodevelopment in only half of studies. Limited data on postnatal arsenic and cadmium suggests an association with worse neurodevelopment. Findings were mixed for prenatal arsenic and lead, although some evidence supports that the neurotoxicity of lead was amplified in the presence of manganese. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL IMPACT We found that lead and manganese appear to consistently have a detrimental effect on the neurodevelopment of children, and more evidence is needed for mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Better characterization of these effects can motivate and inform prioritization of much needed international policies and programs to reduce heavy metal exposures for young children within LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan Heng
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Iqra Asad
- School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bailey Coleman
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Laura Menard
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Benki-Nugent
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Faridah Hussein Were
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological and Physical Sciences of the University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Megan S McHenry
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Ramírez V, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, González-Domenech PJ, Baca MÁ, Rodrigo L, Rivas A. Role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in children's neurodevelopment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111890. [PMID: 34418446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stressors, like endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), are considered important contributors to the increased rates of neurodevelopmental dysfunctions. Considering the cumulative research on adverse neurodevelopmental effects associated with prenatal exposure to EDC, the purpose of this study was to review the available limited literature about the effects of postnatal exposure to EDC on child neurodevelopment and behaviour. Despite widespread children's exposure to EDC, there are a limited number of epidemiological studies on the association of this exposure with neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular in the postnatal period. The available research suggests that postnatal EDC exposure is related to adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children; however the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Timing of exposure is a key factor determining potential neurodevelopmental consequences, hence studying the impact of multiple EDC co-exposure in different vulnerable life periods could guide the identification of sensitive subpopulations. Most of the reviewed studies did not take into account sex differences in the EDC effects on children neurodevelopment. We believe that the inclusion of sex in the study design should be considered as the role of EDC on children neurodevelopment are likely sex-specific and should be taken into consideration when determining susceptibility and potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ramírez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo José González-Domenech
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Manganese promotes α-synuclein amyloid aggregation through the induction of protein phase transition. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101469. [PMID: 34871547 PMCID: PMC8717548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is the major protein component of Lewy bodies, a key pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The manganese ion Mn2+ has been identified as an environmental risk factor of PD. However, it remains unclear how Mn2+ regulates α-Syn aggregation. Here, we discovered that Mn2+accelerates α-Syn amyloid aggregation through the regulation of protein phase separation. We found that Mn2+ not only promotes α-Syn liquid-to-solid phase transition but also directly induces soluble α-Syn monomers to form solid-like condensates. Interestingly, the lipid membrane is integrated into condensates during Mn2+-induced α-Syn phase transition; however, the preformed Mn2+/α-syn condensates can only recruit lipids to the surface of condensates. In addition, this phase transition can largely facilitate α-Syn amyloid aggregation. Although the Mn2+-induced condensates do not fuse, our results demonstrated that they could recruit soluble α-Syn monomers into the existing condensates. Furthermore, we observed that a manganese chelator reverses Mn2+-induced α-Syn aggregation during the phase transition stage. However, after maturation, α-Syn aggregation becomes irreversible. These findings demonstrate that Mn2+ facilitates α-Syn phase transition to accelerate the formation of α-Syn aggregates and provide new insights for targeting α-Syn phase separation in PD treatment.
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Sears L, Myers JV, Sears CG, Brock GN, Zhang C, Zierold KM. Manganese body burden in children is associated with reduced visual motor and attention skills. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 88:107021. [PMID: 34428495 PMCID: PMC8578377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, however, children with moderate to high Mn exposure can exhibit neurobehavioral impairments. One way Mn appears to affect brain function is through altering dopaminergic systems involved with motor and cognitive control including frontal - striatal brain systems. Based on the risk for motor and attention problems, we evaluated neurobehavioral function in 255 children at risk for Mn exposure due to living in proximity to coal ash storage sites. Proton Induced X-ray Emissions (PIXE) analysis was conducted on finger and toenails samples. Multiple neuropsychological tests were completed with the children. Fifty-five children had Mn concentrations above the limit of detection (LOD) (median concentration = 3.95 ppm). Children with detectable Mn concentrations had reduced visual motor skills (β = -5.62, CI: -9.11, -2.12, p = 0.008) and more problems with sustained attention, based on incorrect responses on a computerized attention test, (β = 0.40, CI: 0.21, 0.59, p < 0.001) compared with children who had Mn concentrations below the LOD. Findings suggest that Mn exposure impacts attention and motor control possibly due to neurotoxicity involving basal ganglia and forebrain regions. Visual-motor and attention tests may provide a sensitive measure of Mn neurotoxicity, useful for evaluating the effects of exposure in children and leading to better treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie Sears
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA..
| | - John V Myers
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Clara G Sears
- Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Guy N Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Charlie Zhang
- Department of Geography & Geosciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Bauer JA, White RF, Coull BA, Austin C, Oppini M, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Placidi D, Guazzetti S, Yang Q, Bellinger DC, Webster TF, Wright RO, Smith D, Horton M, Lucchini RG, Arora M, Claus Henn B. Critical windows of susceptibility in the association between manganese and neurocognition in Italian adolescents living near ferro-manganese industry. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:51-61. [PMID: 34478771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the neurodevelopmental effects of manganese (Mn) is complicated due to its essentiality for growth and development. While evidence exists for the harmful effects of excess Mn, pediatric epidemiologic studies have observed inconsistent associations between Mn and child cognition. OBJECTIVE We sought to estimate prospective associations between Mn measured in three different early-life time windows with adolescent cognition using deciduous teeth biomarkers. METHODS Deciduous teeth were collected from 195 participants (ages 10-14 years) of the Public Health Impact of Manganese Exposure (PHIME) study in Brescia, Italy. Measurements of tooth Mn represented prenatal (∼14 weeks gestation - birth), early postnatal (birth - 1.5 years) and childhood (∼1.5 - 6 years) time windows. Neuropsychologists administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition (WISC-III), to obtain composite IQ and subtest scores. Associations between tooth Mn at each time window and adolescent WISC-III scores were estimated using multivariable linear regression. We tested differences in associations between Mn and outcomes across time windows using multiple informant models. Sex-specific associations were explored in stratified models. RESULTS Adjusted associations between tooth Mn and composite IQ scores were positive in the prenatal period and negative in the childhood period. Associations were strongest for subtest scores that reflect working memory, problem solving, visuospatial ability and attention: prenatal Mn was positively associated with Digits backward [SD change in score per interquartile range increase in Mn: β = 0.20 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.38)] and Block design [β = 0.21 (0.01, 0.41)] and early postnatal Mn was positively associated with Digits forward [β = 0.24 (0.09, 0.40)], while childhood Mn was negatively associated with Coding [β = -0.14 (-0.28, -0.001)]. Sex-stratified analyses suggested different Mn-cognition associations for boys and girls and was also dependent on the time window of exposure. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that exposure timing is critical when evaluating Mn associations between Mn and cognition. Higher prenatal Mn was beneficial for adolescent cognition; however, these beneficial associations shifted towards harmful effects in later time windows. Cognitive domains most sensitive to Mn across time windows included visuospatial ability, working memory, attention and problem-solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy; School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Irizar A, Molinuevo A, Andiarena A, Jimeno-Romero A, San Román A, Broberg K, Llop S, Soler-Blasco R, Murcia M, Ballester F, Lertxundi A. Prenatal manganese serum levels and neurodevelopment at 4 years of age. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111172. [PMID: 33857462 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excess of manganese (Mn) causes severe deleterious effects in the central nervous system, and the developing brain is especially sensitive to Mn overload. However, results of prospective studies regarding Mn neurodevelopmental effects remain inconclusive. The present study aims at studying the association of prenatal Mn exposure and neurodevelopment at 4-5 years of age. METHODS Mn serum concentration was measured in 1465 pregnant women from the INMA (INfancia y MedioAmbiente, Environment and Childhood) Project. Neurodevelopment was assessed using a standardized version of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Multivariate regression models were used for data analysis. RESULTS No association was found between Mn levels in serum and any of the McCarthy scales. However, the stratification by sex showed a positive and beneficial association of prenatal Mn levels and the verbal, quantitative and general-cognitive scales in girls (β (95%CI): 4 (0.03, 7.96), 4.5 (0.43, 8.57) and 4.32 (0.6, 8.05), respectively). CONCLUSIONS A beneficial association was found for the first time between prenatal Mn levels measured in serum and neurodevelopment of female offspring at 4 years of age, which could have implications on public health policies, specifically on the establishment of policies promoting prenatal health related to dietary deficits of micronutrients such as Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Irizar
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Amaia Molinuevo
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ainara Andiarena
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anne San Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque, Spain
| | - Karin Broberg
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Soler-Blasco
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Health Information Systems Analysis Service, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
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Peng H, Zou P, Ma C, Xiong S, Lu T. Elements in potable groundwater in Rugao longevity area, China: Hydrogeochemical characteristics, enrichment patterns and health assessments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112279. [PMID: 33933811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rugao city is a typical longevity area taking shallow groundwater as the primary drinking water source. To determine the relationship between longevity and groundwater conditions, the hydrogeochemical characteristics and related causes of potable groundwater were investigated. On this basis, the water quality index (WQI) and hazard index (HI) of groundwater were evaluated. Meanwhile, the nutrient indicators beneficial to human health, like Ca and Mg concentrations, were also considered to explore the relationship. The results were as following: (1) 91.3% of water samples fell under the Ca/Mg-HCO3 water type, which resulted from the dissolution of silicate rock. Na, Cl-, Br, B in groundwater emanated from seawater intrusion. The abnormal concentrations of NO3- and As also indicated that anthropogenic activities had exerted significant influences on groundwater quality. (2) The average WQI value was 30.19, which meant that the overall groundwater quality in Rugao city was pretty good. However, 8 water samples were found to have HI values above 1, which might be attributed to the high concentration of As (maximum value 0.0407 mg/L; mean value 0.0076 mg/L). In general, low WQI and HI values corresponded to towns with a high longevity population; what's more, WQI and HI values of Rugao city were lower than those of non-longevity areas. (3) Comparing with adjacent non-longevity areas, the potable groundwater in Rugao city had the characteristics of high Ca (mean value 123.57 mg/L), high Mg (mean value 50.33 mg/L) and high SO42- (mean value 525.19 mg/L). The daily intake of Ca and Mg from drinking water could meet 12.4% and 22.4% of daily Ca and Mg requirements, respectively. Also, the areas where the Sr and B concentrations were higher usually had higher life expectancy. The high concentrations of Ca, Mg, SO42-, Sr and B in drinking water, as well as low WQI and HI values, probably contribute to physical health and longevity. This research helps provide an insight into the relationship between groundwater quality and health and can serve as a reference for drinking water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Yantai New Era Health Industry Chemical Commodity Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China
| | - Chuanming Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Shuang Xiong
- Wuhan Zondy W&R Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- Department of Hydrology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany.
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Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB, Mazilina AN, Skalny AV, Martins AC, Voskresenskaya ON, Aaseth J, Santamaria A, Notova SV, Tsatsakis A, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4646. [PMID: 33925013 PMCID: PMC8124173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to clarify existing gaps and future research directions. We provide, here, a brief review of pertinent discoveries related to Mn-induced neurotoxicity research from the last five years. Significant progress was achieved in understanding the role of Mn transporters, such as SLC39A14, SLC39A8, and SLC30A10, in the regulation of systemic and brain manganese handling. Genetic analysis identified multiple metabolic pathways that could be considered as Mn neurotoxicity targets, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cell signaling pathways, and interference with neurotransmitter metabolism, to name a few. Recent findings have also demonstrated the impact of Mn exposure on transcriptional regulation of these pathways. There is a significant role of autophagy as a protective mechanism against cytotoxic Mn neurotoxicity, yet also a role for Mn to induce autophagic flux itself and autophagic dysfunction under conditions of decreased Mn bioavailability. This ambivalent role may be at the crossroad of mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Yet very recent evidence suggests Mn can have toxic impacts below the no observed adverse effect of Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The impact of Mn exposure on supramolecular complexes SNARE and NLRP3 inflammasome greatly contributes to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, respectively. The aforementioned effects might be at least partially mediated by the impact of Mn on α-synuclein accumulation. In addition to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction, impaired neurotransmission is shown to be mediated by the effects of Mn on neurotransmitter systems and their complex interplay. Although multiple novel mechanisms have been highlighted, additional studies are required to identify the critical targets of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Monica M. B. Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Aksana N. Mazilina
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Elementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Olga N. Voskresenskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Svetlana V. Notova
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, 460018 Orenburg, Russia;
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
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Fernández-Olmo I, Mantecón P, Markiv B, Ruiz-Azcona L, Santibáñez M. A Review on the Environmental Exposure to Airborne Manganese, Biomonitoring, and Neurological/Neuropsychological Outcomes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 254:85-130. [PMID: 32474705 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occupational exposure to airborne manganese (Mn) has been linked for decades with neurological effects. With respect to its environmental exposure, the first reviews on this matter stated that the risk posed to human health by this kind of exposure was still unknown. Later, many studies have been developed to analyze the association between environmental Mn exposure and health effects, most of them including the measure of Mn in selected human biomarkers. This review aims at collecting and organizing the literature dealing with the environmental airborne Mn exposure (other routes of exposure were intentionally removed from this review), the biomonitoring of this metal in different body matrices (e.g., blood, urine, nails, hair), and the association between exposure and several adverse health effects, such as, e.g., neurocognitive, neurodevelopmental, or neurobehavioral outcomes. From the different exposure routes, inhalation was the only one considered in this review, to take into account the areas influenced by industrial activities closely related to the Mn industry (ferromanganese and silicomanganese plants, Mn ore mines, and their processing plants) and by traffic in countries where a fuel additive, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), has been used for years. In these areas, high air Mn levels have been reported in comparison with the annual Reference Concentration (RfC) given by the US EPA for Mn, 50 ng/m3. This review was performed using Scopus and MEDLINE databases with a keyword search strategy that took into account that each valid reference should include at least participants that were exposed to environmental airborne Mn and that were subjected to analysis of Mn in biomarkers or subjected to neurological/neuropsychological tests or both. Overall, 47 references matching these criteria were included in the discussion. Most of them report the measure of Mn in selected biomarkers (N = 43) and the assessment of different neurological outcomes (N = 31). A negative association is usually obtained between Mn levels in hair and some neurological outcomes, such as cognitive, motor, olfactory, and emotional functions, but not always significant. However, other biomarkers, such as blood and urine, do not seem to reflect the chronic environmental exposure to low/moderate levels of airborne Mn. Further studies combining the determination of the Mn exposure through environmental airborne sources and biomarkers of exposure and the evaluation of at least cognitive and motor functions are needed to better understand the effects of chronic non-occupational exposure to airborne Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Paula Mantecón
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Bohdana Markiv
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto. Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto. Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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Gutiérrez-Ruiz M, Parrot JF, Ramírez-Núñez C, Pérez-Manzanera L, Amaro-Ramírez D, Jardines-Mendoza L. Tridimensional spatial distribution of manganese in a river impacted by metallurgical activity and mining. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3494-3505. [PMID: 32918693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional interpolation method based on a digital elevation model (DEM) was developed to assess the impact of mining and metallurgical activity on the Claro River (Hidalgo, Mexico). This method was used to analyze the spatial concentration of manganese in sediments, water, and fish (viscera and muscle). Input data correspond to chemical manganese (Mn) analysis of the aforementioned environmental matrices, mining discharge volumes, and rainfall data. The three-dimensional model made it possible to (a) define Mn dispersion (19 km for sediments and 13 km for viscera); (b) identify northern meanders of the Claro River as areas of Mn accumulation in sediments and fish; and (c) determine river features that influence Mn concentration in fish. Results indicate that Mn concentration increases in areas receiving industrial discharges, as well as in meanders located near Acuimantla village. Total Mn levels in the water are between < 0.01 and 6.57 mg/L, while soluble and colloidal Mn concentrations range from < 0.01 to 0.49 mg/L. The highest Mn values in the water (total Mn: 6.57 mg/L and soluble-colloidal Mn: 0.49 mg/L) were detected in tributary rivers near industrial discharge sites. The concentration in water compared with that in sediments (160-213,867 mg/kg) and fish (viscera: 5-5236 mg/kg and muscle: 10.7-398.8 mg/kg) indicates low solubility of this mineral. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and contamination factor (CF) show that sediment composition has been affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica del Ambiente (Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory), Facultad de Química (School of Chemistry), UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jean-François Parrot
- Laboratorio de Análisis Geoespacial, Instituto de Geografía, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Núñez
- Instituto de Geografía, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Pérez-Manzanera
- Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica del Ambiente (Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory), Facultad de Química (School of Chemistry), UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Amaro-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica del Ambiente (Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory), Facultad de Química (School of Chemistry), UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Jardines-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica del Ambiente (Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory), Facultad de Química (School of Chemistry), UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bauer JA, Fruh V, Howe CG, White RF, Henn BC. Associations of metals and neurodevelopment: a review of recent evidence on susceptibility factors. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2020; 7:237-262. [PMID: 33777647 PMCID: PMC7993302 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiologic evidence exists that many metals are associated with adverse neurobehavioral effects in young children, including lead (Pb), methylmercury (meHg), manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As)5-8. Importantly, chemical insult can vary depending on host factors and exposure circumstance. This systematic review summarizes the recent literature investigating modifying factors of the associations between metals and neurodevelopment, including immutable traits (sex or genetics) or exposure conditions (timing or co-exposures). RECENT FINDINGS Of the 53 studies included in this review, the number investigating modification of exposure effects were: 30 for sex, 21 for co-exposures, 12 for timing of exposure, and six for genetic modifiers. Sex-specific effects of metal-neurobehavioral associations were inconclusive for all metals, likely due to the heterogeneity of outcome domains assessed and the exposure time points measured. Seven studies evaluated both sex and exposure timing as modifying factors using deciduous teeth or other biomarkers with repeated measures to characterize metals exposure over time. Only five studies used statistical methods for mixtures to evaluate associations of more than two metals with neurobehavioral domains. SUMMARY Despite the expansion of research on susceptibility to the neurodevelopmental effects of metals exposure, considerable gaps remain. This work remains critical, as characterizing susceptible subpopulations can aid in identifying biological mechanisms and is fundamental for the protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Ma Z, Liu K, Li XR, Wang C, Liu C, Yan DY, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Alpha-synuclein is involved in manganese-induced spatial memory and synaptic plasticity impairments via TrkB/Akt/Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:834. [PMID: 33033239 PMCID: PMC7545185 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) overexposure produces long-term cognitive deficits and reduces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. However, it remains elusive whether Mn-dependent enhanced alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) expression, suggesting a multifaceted mode of neuronal toxicities, accounts for interference with BDNF/TrkB signaling. In this study, we used C57BL/6J WT and α-Syn knockout (KO) mice to establish a model of manganism and found that Mn-induced impairments in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity were related to the α-Syn protein. In addition, consistent with the long-term potentiation (LTP) impairments that were observed, α-Syn KO relieved Mn-induced degradation of PSD95, phosphorylated CaMKIIα, and downregulated SynGAP protein levels. We transfected HT22 cells with lentivirus (LV)-α-Syn shRNA, followed by BDNF and Mn stimulation. In vitro experiments indicated that α-Syn selectively interacted with TrkB receptors and inhibited BDNF/TrkB signaling, leading to phosphorylation and downregulation of GluN2B. The binding of α-Syn to TrkB and Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B were negatively regulated by BDNF. Together, these findings indicate that Mn-dependent enhanced α-Syn expression contributes to further exacerbate BDNF protein-level reduction and to inhibit TrkB/Akt/Fyn signaling, thereby disturbing Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit at tyrosine. In KO α-Syn mice treated with Mn, spatial memory and LTP impairments were less pronounced than in WT mice. However, the same robust neuronal death was observed as a result of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ru Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ying Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Liu W, Xin Y, Li Q, Shang Y, Ping Z, Min J, Cahill CM, Rogers JT, Wang F. Biomarkers of environmental manganese exposure and associations with childhood neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2020; 19:104. [PMID: 33008482 PMCID: PMC7531154 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prior studies showed a correlation between environmental manganese (Mn) exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, the results have been inconclusive. There has yet been no consistent biomarker of environmental Mn exposure. Here, we summarized studies that investigated associations between manganese in biomarkers and childhood neurodevelopment and suggest a reliable biomarker. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for potentially relevant articles published until December 31th 2019 in English. We also conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the effects of manganese exposure on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and the correlations of manganese in different indicators. RESULTS Of 1754 citations identified, 55 studies with 13,388 subjects were included. Evidence from cohort studies found that higher manganese exposure had a negative effect on neurodevelopment, mostly influencing cognitive and motor skills in children under 6 years of age, as indicated by various metrics. Results from cross-sectional studies revealed that elevated Mn in hair (H-Mn) and drinking water (W-Mn), but not blood (B-Mn) or teeth (T-Mn), were associated with poorer cognitive and behavioral performance in children aged 6-18 years old. Of these cross-sectional studies, most papers reported that the mean of H-Mn was more than 0.55 μg/g. The meta-analysis concerning H-Mn suggested that a 10-fold increase in hair manganese was associated with a decrease of 2.51 points (95% confidence interval (CI), - 4.58, - 0.45) in Full Scale IQ, while the meta-analysis of B-Mn and W-Mn generated no such significant effects. The pooled correlation analysis revealed that H-Mn showed a more consistent correlation with W-Mn than B-Mn. Results regarding sex differences of manganese associations were inconsistent, although the preliminary meta-analysis found that higher W-Mn was associated with better Performance IQ only in boys, at a relatively low water manganese concentrations (most below 50 μg/L). CONCLUSIONS Higher manganese exposure is adversely associated with childhood neurodevelopment. Hair is the most reliable indicator of manganese exposure for children at 6-18 years of age. Analysis of the publications demonstrated sex differences in neurodevelopment upon manganese exposure, although a clear pattern has not yet been elucidated for this facet of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjuan Xin
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanna Shang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Ping
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Catherine M. Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Jack T. Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Bauer JA, Devick KL, Bobb JF, Coull BA, Bellinger D, Benedetti C, Cagna G, Fedrighi C, Guazzetti S, Oppini M, Placidi D, Webster TF, White RF, Yang Q, Zoni S, Wright RO, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Claus Henn B. Associations of a Metal Mixture Measured in Multiple Biomarkers with IQ: Evidence from Italian Adolescents Living near Ferroalloy Industry. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:97002. [PMID: 32897104 PMCID: PMC7478128 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the health effects of chemical mixtures has focused mainly on early life rather than adolescence, a potentially important developmental life stage. OBJECTIVES We examined associations of a metal mixture with general cognition in a cross-sectional study of adolescents residing near ferromanganese industry, a source of airborne metals emissions. METHODS We measured manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) in hair, blood, urine, nails, and saliva from 635 Italian adolescents 10-14 years of age. Full-scale, verbal, and performance intelligence quotient (FSIQ, VIQ, PIQ) scores were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III. Multivariable linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to estimate associations of the metal mixture with IQ. In secondary analyses, we used BKMR's hierarchical variable selection option to inform biomarker selection for Mn, Cu, and Cr. RESULTS Median metal concentrations were as follows: hair Mn, 0.08 μ g / g ; hair Cu, 9.6 μ g / g ; hair Cr, 0.05 μ g / g ; and blood Pb, 1.3 μ g / dL . Adjusted models revealed an inverted U-shaped association between hair Cu and VIQ, consistent with Cu as an essential nutrient that is neurotoxic in excess. At low levels of hair Cu (10th percentile, 5.4 μ g / g ), higher concentrations (90th percentiles) of the mixture of Mn, Pb, and Cr (0.3 μ g / g , 2.6 μ g / dL , and 0.1 μ g / g , respectively) were associated with a 2.9 (95% CI: - 5.2 , - 0.5 )-point decrease in VIQ score, compared with median concentrations of the mixture. There was suggestive evidence of interaction between Mn and Cu. In secondary analyses, saliva Mn, hair Cu, and saliva Cr were selected as the biomarkers most strongly associated with VIQ score. DISCUSSION Higher adolescent levels of Mn, Pb, and Cr were associated with lower IQ scores, especially at low Cu levels. Findings also support further investigation into Cu as both beneficial and toxic for neurobehavioral outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katrina L. Devick
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Bobb
- Biostatistics Unit, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chiara Benedetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Thomas F. Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Donald R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zimmermann Prado Rodrigues G, Staudt LBM, Moreira MG, Dos Santos TG, de Souza MS, Lúcio CJ, Panizzon J, Kayser JM, Simões LAR, Ziulkoski AL, Bonan CD, de Oliveira DL, Gehlen G. Histopathological, genotoxic, and behavioral damages induced by manganese (II) in adult zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125550. [PMID: 32050344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is a metal often found as an environmental pollutant and very associated with neurological disorders when in high concentrations. However, little is known about the effects that this contaminant can cause when in environmentally relevant concentrations and occurrence, that is, much lower than those commonly studied. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects that environmentally relevant concentrations of this metal would cause in different zebrafish organs (brain, liver, and blood). Acute 96-h and chronic 30-day exposures were performed using the manganese chloride salt as a pollutant. Behavioral alterations of anxiogenic type were observed in the animals after chronic exposures to 4.0 mg L-1 MnCl2, which traveled a greater distance at the bottom of the aquarium. This may be associated with neuronal damages in the telencephalic region responsible for motor and cognitive activity of the fish, observed in animals from the same exposure. In addition, hepatic histopathological damage as vacuolization of hepatocytes and genotoxic damage, identified by comet assay and micronucleus test, was also observed after acute and chronic exposure, especially at the highest pollutant concentrations (8.0 and 16.0 mg L-1 in acute exposure, and 4.0 mg L-1 in chronic exposure. The study reinforces the risk that environmental pollutants pose to the ecosystem, even in low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thainá Garbino Dos Santos
- Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jenifer Panizzon
- Bacherol's Degree in Biological Science, Feevale University, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- Post Graduation Program in Environmental Quality, Feevale University, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Post Graduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo Losch de Oliveira
- Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Günther Gehlen
- Post Graduation Program in Environmental Quality, Feevale University, Brazil.
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Frisbie SH, Mitchell EJ, Roudeau S, Domart F, Carmona A, Ortega R. Manganese levels in infant formula and young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to breast milk and regulations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223636. [PMID: 31689314 PMCID: PMC6830775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) in children has recently been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Current infant formula regulations for Mn content were set between 1981 (United States), 2006 (European Union, France), and 2007 (Codex Alimentarius) prior to the publication of much of the growing body of research on the developmental neurotoxicity of Mn. In this study, we sought to measure the concentrations of Mn in some infant formulas and young child nutritional beverages available on the United States (US) and French markets using ion beam analysis by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry and then compare the analytical results to concentrations reported in the literature for breast milk and applicable infant formula regulations and guidelines. We were particularly interested in measuring Mn concentrations in product types for which there is very little data from previous surveys, especially soy-based, rice-based, goat-milk based, chocolate-flavored, and nutritional beverages for young children that are not regulated as infant or follow-on formulas (e.g. “toddler formulas” and “toddler powders”). We purchased 44 infant formulas and young child nutritional beverage products in the US and France with varying protein sources (cow-milk, goat-milk, soy, rice) labelled for birth to 3 years. We selected these samples using maximum variation sampling to explore market extremes to facilitate comparisons to regulatory limits. Since this sampling method is non-probabilistic, other inferences cannot be made beyond this set of samples to the overall markets. We used ion beam analysis to measure the concentrations of Mn in each product. The range of measured Mn concentrations in the products is 160–2,800 μg/L, substantially higher than the 3–6 μg/L mean Mn concentration reported in human breast milk. All products satisfied national and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) international standards for minimum Mn content in infant formulas; however, 7/25 of the products purchased in the US exceeded the CAC Guidance Upper Level of 100 μg Mn/kcal for infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth H. Frisbie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Erika J. Mitchell
- Better Life Laboratories, Incorporated, East Calais, VT, United States of America
| | - Stéphane Roudeau
- University of Bordeaux, Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Gradignan, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), CENBG, Gradignan, France
| | - Florelle Domart
- University of Bordeaux, Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Gradignan, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), CENBG, Gradignan, France
| | - Asuncion Carmona
- University of Bordeaux, Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Gradignan, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), CENBG, Gradignan, France
| | - Richard Ortega
- University of Bordeaux, Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Gradignan, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), CENBG, Gradignan, France
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Verbal Memory and Learning in Schoolchildren Exposed to Manganese in Mexico. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:827-835. [PMID: 31148117 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for cellular function, but in high concentrations, it is neurotoxic. Environmental exposure to Mn has been associated with cognitive effects in children. This study aimed to assess the effect of environmental exposure to Mn on verbal memory and learning in schoolchildren residents from two municipalities in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2006 and 2013 with a total of 265 schoolchildren of 7 to 11 years old. Children's Auditory Verbal Learning Test-2 (CAVLT-2) was used to assess verbal memory and learning. Mn exposure tertiles were defined according to hair manganese (MnH) levels determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between MnH levels and CAVLT-2 scores. The models were adjusted by potential confounders. The lowest and highest exposure tertiles were defined below and above MnH levels of ≤ 0.72 and ≥ 3.96 μg/g, respectively. Mn exposure was significantly associated with an average of 5- to 9-point decrease in learning curves and summary CAVLT-2 scores in the highest tertile. This study adds to the evidence of decreased verbal memory and learning in schoolchildren environmentally exposed to manganese.
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Frndak S, Barg G, Canfield RL, Quierolo EI, Mañay N, Kordas K. Latent subgroups of cognitive performance in lead- and manganese-exposed Uruguayan children: Examining behavioral signatures. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:188-198. [PMID: 30978412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) are confirmed neurotoxins but it is unclear to what extent low-level exposure produces a unique behavioral signature. The objective of this study was to investigate latent cognitive profiles among children (6-8 years) from Montevideo, Uruguay co-exposed to these metals. METHOD Among 345 children, blood Pb and hair Mn were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy and ICP-MS, respectively. Sixteen measures, reflecting multiple domains of cognitive functioning were gathered: (1) three tests from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Intra-Extra Dimensional Shift (IED), Spatial Span (SSP) and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC), (2) ten tasks from Woodcock-Muñoz Achievement Battery, Revised (WM): Visual-Motor Integration, Verbal Comprehension (Vocabulary, Synonyms, Antonyms, Analogies), Visual-Auditory Comprehension, Concept Formation, Visual Spatial Thinking, Number Inversion and Spatial Relations, (3) Bender Gestalt task, and (4) Weschler block design task. Scores were modeled using latent profile analysis (LPA). Association between blood Pb and hair Mn on performance profiles was assessed using ordinal regression, controlling for confounders. An interaction between Pb and Mn was tested. RESULTS Mean ± SD of blood Pb was 4.1 ± 2.1 μg/dL and 35% of children had blood Pb ≥ 5 μg/dL. Median [5%, 95%] hair Mn level was 0.8 [0.3, 4.1] ppb. Three latent cognitive performance profiles were identified: high (n = 46, 13%), average (n = 209, 61%) and low (n = 90, 26%). Each one-unit increase in blood Pb was associated with a 28% greater likelihood of belonging to a poorer-performing profile. The association was non-linear, with the effect of Pb on profile membership strongest at lower levels of exposure. There was no meaningful interaction between Pb and Mn. CONCLUSIONS A behavioral signature for low-level Pb & Mn exposure was not identified, but the likelihood of membership in low-performing profile was higher at lowest levels of blood Pb. There was no effect measure modification between Pb and Mn. Future research should address how complex environments created by chemical exposures and the social context relate to cognitive performance in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Frndak
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA.
| | - Gabriel Barg
- Department of Neurocognition, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Elena I Quierolo
- Center for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
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