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Wang L, Gao F, Chen L, Sun W, Liu H, Yang W, Zhang X, Bai J, Wang R. Remote Ischemia Postconditioning Mitigates Hippocampal Neuron Impairment by Modulating Cav1.2-CaMKIIα-Aromatase Signaling After Global Cerebral Ischemia in Ovariectomized Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03930-1. [PMID: 38321351 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived estrogen (BDE2) is gaining attention as an endogenous neurotransmitter. Recent research has revealed that selectively removing the aromatase gene, the pivotal enzyme responsible for BDE2 synthesis, in forebrain neurons or astrocytes can lead to synaptic loss and cognitive impairment. It is worth noting that remote ischemia post-conditioning (RIP), a non-invasive technique, has been shown to activate natural protective mechanisms against severe ischemic events. The aim of our study was to investigate whether RIP triggers aromatase-BDE2 signaling, shedding light on its neuroprotective mechanisms after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in ovariectomized rats. Our findings are as follows: (1) RIP was effective in mitigating ischemic damage in hippocampal CA1 neurons and improved cognitive function after GCI. This was partially due to increased Aro-BDE2 signaling in CA1 neurons. (2) RIP intervention efficiently enhanced pro-survival kinase pathways, such as AKT, ERK1/2, CREB, and suppressed CaMKIIα signaling in CA1 astrocytes induced by GCI. Remarkably, inhibiting CaMKIIα activity led to elevated Aro-BDE2 levels and replicated the benefits of RIP. (3) We also identified the positive mediation of Cav1.2, an LVGCC calcium channel, on CaMKIIα-Aro/BDE2 pathway response to RIP intervention. (4) Significantly, either RIP or CaMKIIα inhibition was found to alleviate reactive astrogliosis, which was accompanied by increased pro-survival A2-astrocyte protein S100A10 and decreased pro-death A1-astrocyte marker C3 levels. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence that Aro-BDE2 signaling is a critical target for the reparative effects of RIP following ischemic insult. This effect may be mediated through the CaV1.2-CaMKIIα signaling pathway, in collaboration with astrocyte-neuron interactions, thereby maintaining calcium homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment and reducing neuronal damage after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Fujia Gao
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Wuxiang Sun
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab., North China University of Science and Technology, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine of China, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
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Garcia P, Mendoza L, Padron D, Duarte A, Duara R, Loewenstein D, Greig-Custo M, Barker W, Curiel R, Rosselli M, Rodriguez M. Sex significantly predicts medial temporal volume when controlling for the influence of ApoE4 biomarker and demographic variables: A cross-ethnic comparison. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:128-137. [PMID: 37385978 PMCID: PMC11057967 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between age, education, sex, and ApoE4 (+) status to brain volume among a cohort with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHOD One hundred and twenty-three participants were stratified into Hispanic (n = 75) and White non-Hispanic (WNH, N = 48). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with age, education, sex, and ApoE4 status as predictor variables and left and right combined MRI volumes of the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and entorhinal cortex as dependent variables. Variations in head sizes were corrected by normalization with a total intracranial volume measurement. RESULTS Bonferroni-corrected results indicated that when controlling for ApoE4 status, education, and age, sex was a significant predictor of hippocampal volume among the Hispanic group (β = .000464, R2 = .196, p < .01) and the WNH group (β = .000455, R2 = .195, p < .05). Education (β = .000028, R2 = .168, p < .01) and sex (β = .000261, R2 = .168, p < .01) were significant predictors of parahippocampal volume among the Hispanic MCI group when controlling for the effects of ApoE4 status and age. One-way ANCOVAs comparing hippocampal and parahippocampal volume between males and females within groups revealed that females had significantly larger hippocampal volumes (p < .05). Hispanic females had significantly larger hippocampal (p < .001) and parahippocampal (p < .05) volume compared to males. No sex differences in parahippocampal volume were noted among WNHs. CONCLUSIONS Biological sex, rather than ApoE4 status, was a greater predictor of hippocampal volume among Hispanic and WNH females. These findings add to the mixed literature on sex differences in dementia research and highlight continued emphasis on ethnic populations to elucidate on neurodegenerative disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - David Loewenstein
- University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Rosie Curiel
- University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Monica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Miriam Rodriguez
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Hosseinzadeh S, Afshari S, Molaei S, Rezaei N, Dadkhah M. The role of genetics and gender specific differences in neurodegenerative disorders: Insights from molecular and immune landscape. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578206. [PMID: 37813041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are the most common neurological disorders with high prevalence and have significant socioeconomic implications. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the immune system can be effective in disease etiology, leading to more effective therapeutic approaches for both females and males. The central nervous system (CNS) actively participates in immune responses, both within and outside the CNS. Immune system activation is a common feature in NDDs. Gender-specific factors play a significant role in the prevalence, progression, and manifestation of NDDs. Neuroinflammation, in both inflammatory neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, is defined by the triggering of microglia and astrocyte cell activation. This results in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Numerous studies have documented the role of neuroinflammation in neurological diseases, highlighting the involvement of immune signaling pathways in disease development. Converging evidence support immune system involvement during neurodegeneration in NDDs. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence that reveals gender-dependent differences in immune responses related to NDDs. Also, we highlight sex differences in immune responses and discuss how these sex-specific influences can increase the risk of NDDs. Understanding the role of gender-specific factors can aid in developing targeted therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Ultimately, the better understanding of these mechanisms contributed to sex-dependent immune response in NDDs, can be critically usful in targeting of immune signaling cascades in such disorders. In this regard, sex-related immune responses in NDDs may be promising and effective targets in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Salva Afshari
- Students Research Committee, Pharmacy School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Soheila Molaei
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733151, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Hu J, Huang Y, Gao F, Sun W, Liu H, Ma H, Yuan T, Liu Z, Tang L, Ma Y, Zhang X, Bai J, Wang R. Brain-derived estrogen: a critical player in maintaining cognitive health of aged female rats, possibly involving GPR30. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 129:15-27. [PMID: 37257405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived estrogen is an endogenous neuroprotective agent, whether and how might this protective function with aging, especially postmenopausal drops in circulating estrogen, remain unclear. We herein subjected 6, 14, and 18 Mon female rats to mimic natural aging, and found that estrogen synthesis is more active in the healthy aged brain, as evidenced by the highest levels of mRNA and protein expression of aromatase, the key enzyme of E2 biosynthesis, among the three groups. Aromatase knockout in forebrain neurons (FBN-Aro-/-) impaired hippocampal and cortical neurons, and cognitive function in 18 Mon rats, compared to wild-type controls. Furthermore, estrogen nuclear receptors (ERα/β) displayed opposite changes, with a significant ERα decrease and ERβ increase, while membrane receptor GPR30 expressed stably in hippocampus during aging. Intriguingly, GPR30, but not ERα and ERβ, was decreased by FBN-Aro-/-. The results indicate that GPR30 is more sensitive to brain local E2 synthesis. Our findings provide evidence of a critical role for brain-derived estrogen in maintaining healthy brain function in older individuals, possibly involving GPR30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Fujia Gao
- Neurobiology Institute, Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction, School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Wuxiang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Neurobiology Institute, Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction, School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Haoran Ma
- Neurobiology Institute, Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction, School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Tao Yuan
- Neurobiology Institute, Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction, School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Zixuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- Neurobiology Institute, Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction, School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute, Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction, School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Jing Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction, School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Key Laboratory of Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction, School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
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5
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Sato K, Takayama KI, Inoue S. Expression and function of estrogen receptors and estrogen-related receptors in the brain and their association with Alzheimer's disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1220150. [PMID: 37469978 PMCID: PMC10352578 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1220150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While estrogens are well known for their pivotal role in the female reproductive system, they also play a crucial function in regulating physiological processes associated with learning and memory in the brain. Moreover, they have neuroprotective effects in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, AD has a higher incidence in older and postmenopausal women than in men, and estrogen treatment might reduce the risk of AD in these women. In general, estrogens bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ERs)-mediated transcriptional machineries, and also stimulate signal transduction through membrane ERs (mERs). Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), which share homologous sequences with ERs but lack estrogen-binding capabilities, are widely and highly expressed in the human brain and have also been implicated in AD pathogenesis. In this review, we primarily provide a summary of ER and ERR expression patterns in the human brain. In addition, we summarize recent studies on their role in learning and memory. We then review and discuss research that has elucidated the functions and importance of ERs and ERRs in AD pathogenesis, including their role in Aβ clearance and the reduction of phosphorylated tau levels. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying ER- and ERR-mediated transcriptional machineries and their functions in healthy and diseased brains would provide new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of AD. Furthermore, exploring the potential role of estrogens and their receptors, ERs, in AD will facilitate a better understanding of the sex differences observed in AD, and lead to novel sex-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Sato
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (TMIG), Tokyo, Japan
- Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia (IRIDE), TMIG, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Takayama
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (TMIG), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (TMIG), Tokyo, Japan
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Huang Y, Sun W, Gao F, Ma H, Yuan T, Liu Z, Liu H, Hu J, Bai J, Zhang X, Wang R. Brain-Derived Estrogen Regulates Neurogenesis, Learning and Memory with Aging in Female Rats. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:760. [PMID: 37372046 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Although 17β-estradiol (E2) can be locally synthesized in the brain, whether and how brain-derived E2 (BDE2) impacts neurogenesis with aging is largely unclear. In this study, we examined the hippocampal neural stem cells, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis of 1, 3, 6, 14, and 18-month (Mon) female rats. Female forebrain neuronal aromatase knockout (FBN-ARO-KO) rats and letrozole-treated rats were also employed. We demonstraed that (1) the number of neural stem cells declined over 14-Mon age, and the differentiation of astrocytes and microglia markedly elevated and exhibited excessive activation. KO rats showed declines in astrocyte A2 subtype and elevation in A1 subtype at 18 Mon; (2) neurogenesis sharply dropped from 1-Mon age; (3) KO suppressed dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis at 1, 6 and 18 Mon. Additionally, KO and letrozole treatment led to declined neurogenesis at 1-Mon age, compared to age-matched WT controls; (4) FBN-ARO-KO inhibited CREB-BDNF activation, and decreased protein levels of neurofilament, spinophilin and PSD95. Notably, hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory was impaired in juvenile (1 Mon) and adulthood (6 Mon) KO rats. Taken together, we demonstrated that BDE2 plays a pivotal role for hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as learning and memory during female aging, especially in juvenile and middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Wuxiang Sun
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Fujia Gao
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Haoran Ma
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Jiewei Hu
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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7
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Mishra P, Davies DA, Albensi BC. The Interaction Between NF-κB and Estrogen in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1515-1526. [PMID: 36512265 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-menopausal women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) than males. The higher rates of AD in women are associated with the sharp decline in the estrogen levels after menopause. Estrogen has been shown to downregulate inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS), which has a neuroprotective role against neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Sustained neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegeneration and contributes to AD. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor involved with the modulation of inflammation and interacts with estrogen to influence the progression of AD. Application of 17β-estradiol (E2) has been shown to inhibit NF-κB, thereby reducing transcription of NF-κB target genes. Despite accumulating evidence showing that estrogens have beneficial effects in pre-clinical AD studies, there are mixed results with hormone replacement therapy in clinical trials. Furthering our understanding of how NF-κB interacts with estrogen and alters the progression of neurodegenerative disorders including AD, should be beneficial and result in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Mishra
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Don A Davies
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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8
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Potier M, Maitre M, Leste-Lasserre T, Marsicano G, Chaouloff F, Marighetto A. Age-dependent effects of estradiol on temporal memory: A role for the type 1 cannabinoid receptor? Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 148:106002. [PMID: 36521252 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated in male mice how age modulates the effects of acute 17β-estradiol (E2) on dorsal CA1 (dCA1)-dependent retention of temporal associations, which are critical for declarative memory. E2 was systemically injected to young (3-4 months old) and aged (22-24 months old) adult mice either (i) 1 h before the acquisition of an auditory trace fear conditioning (TFC) procedure allowing the assessment of temporal memory retention 24 h later or (ii) during in vivo electrophysiological recordings of CA3 to dCA1 synaptic efficacy under anesthesia. In young mice, E2 induced parallel dose-dependent reductions in memory and synaptic efficacy, i.e. an impairment in TFC retention and a long-term (NMDA receptor-dependent) depression of dCA1 synaptic efficacy as assessed by field excitatory postsynaptic potentials. In contrast, E2 tended to improved TFC retention whilst failing to change synaptic efficacy in aged mice. Age-dependent effects of E2 treatment were confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses of TFC acquisition-elicited dCA1 Fos activation. Thus, such an activation was respectively reduced and enhanced in young and aged E2-treated mice, compared to vehicle treatments. Hippocampal mRNA expression of estrogen receptors by RT-PCR analyses revealed an age-related increase in each receptor mRNA expression. In keeping with the key role of the endocannabinoid system in memory processes and CA3 to dCA1 synaptic plasticity, we next examined the role of cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1-R) in the aforementioned age-dependent effects of E2. Having confirmed that mRNA expression of CB1-R diminishes with age, we then observed that the deleterious effects of E2 on both memory and synaptic efficacy were both prevented by the CB1-R antagonist Rimonabant whilst being absent in CB1-R knock out mice. This study (i) reveals age-dependent effects of acute E2 on temporal memory and CA3 to dCA1 synaptic efficacy and (ii) suggests a key role of CB1-R in mediating E2 deleterious effects in young adulthood. Aging-related reductions in CB1-R might thus underlie E2 paradoxical effects across age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Potier
- Pathophysiology of Declarative Memory, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Marlène Maitre
- PUMA, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Endocannabinoids & NeuroAdaptation, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Chaouloff
- Endocannabinoids & NeuroAdaptation, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Aline Marighetto
- Pathophysiology of Declarative Memory, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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9
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Liu H, Zhong L, Dai Q, Zhang Y, Yang J. Astragalin alleviates cognitive deficits and neuronal damage in SAMP8 mice through upregulating estrogen receptor expression. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:3033-3046. [PMID: 35984596 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Senile plaques composed of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of intracellular hyper-phosphorylated tau are major causes of cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in Alzheimer disease (AD). Astragalin (AST), a naturally-occurring flavonoid compound, was reported to have neuroprotective effects in the brain, but its effects in AD remain unknown. Herein, the learning and memory deficits were alleviated and neuronal damage in the hippocampus were inhibited after the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse were given AST (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) daily by gavage for 2 months. Furthermore, AST reduced Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 deposition, decreased β-carboxyl-terminal fragment (β-CTF) protein level and tau hyper-phosphorylation, but increased α-CTF protein level and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β) phosphorylation in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. Meanwhile, the effects of AST on AD were also explored in vitro by treating primary neurons with amyloid-β1-42 oligomers (Aβ1-42O). Consistently, AST also alleviated amyloid-β1-42 oligomers (Aβ1-42O)-induced neuronal damage, amyloid plaques, and tau phosphorylation in vitro model. Of note, estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ expression in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice and Aβ1-42O-treated neurons was significantly decreased but their levels were increased by AST. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that ER antagonist, Fulvestrant, reversed the effects caused by AST. Altogether, our investigation indicates that AST may ameliorate cognitive deficits and AD-type pathologies in SAMP8 mice and Aβ1-42O-treated neurons through upregulating ERα and ERβ expression. Our findings indicate the value of AST as a potential reagent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiaomei Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, 150040, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Zhao DP, Lei X, Wang YY, Xue A, Zhao CY, Xu YM, Zhang Y, Liu GL, Geng F, Xu HD, Zhang N. Sagacious confucius’ pillow elixir ameliorates Dgalactose induced cognitive injury in mice via estrogenic effects and synaptic plasticity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971385. [PMID: 36249769 PMCID: PMC9555387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing concern in modern society, and there is currently a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Sagacious Confucius’ Pillow Elixir (SCPE) has been studied for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. This study aimed to reveal the key components and mechanisms of SCPE’s anti-AD effect by combining Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-electrostatic field Orbitrap combined high-resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS) with a network pharmacology approach. And the mechanism was verified by in vivo experiments. Based on UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS technique identified 9 blood components from rat serum containing SCPE, corresponding to 113 anti-AD targets, and 15 of the 113 targets had high connectivity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that estrogen signaling pathway and synaptic signaling pathway were the most significantly enriched pathways in SCPE anti-AD, which has been proved by in vivo experiments. SCPE can exert estrogenic effects in the brain by increasing the amount of estrogen in the brain and the expression of ERα receptors. SCPE can enhance the synaptic structure plasticity by promoting the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion and improving actin polymerization and coordinates cofilin activity. In addition, SCPE also enhances synaptic functional plasticity by increasing the density of postsynaptic densified 95 (PSD95) proteins and the expression of functional receptor AMPA. SCPE is effective for treatment of AD and the mechanism is related to increasing estrogenic effects and improving synaptic plasticity. Our study revealed the synergistic effect of SCPE at the system level and showed that SCPE exhibits anti-AD effects in a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway manner. All these provide experimental support for the clinical application and drug development of SCPE in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ping Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiangsu, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ao Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Liang Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Geng, ; Hong-Dan Xu, ; Ning Zhang,
| | - Hong-Dan Xu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Geng, ; Hong-Dan Xu, ; Ning Zhang,
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Geng, ; Hong-Dan Xu, ; Ning Zhang,
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11
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Gannon OJ, Robison LS, Salinero AE, Abi-Ghanem C, Mansour FM, Kelly RD, Tyagi A, Brawley RR, Ogg JD, Zuloaga KL. High-fat diet exacerbates cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia in a sex-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:110. [PMID: 35568928 PMCID: PMC9107741 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 70% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have co-morbid vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID); this highly prevalent overlap of dementia subtypes is known as mixed dementia (MxD). AD is more prevalent in women, while VCID is slightly more prevalent in men. Sex differences in risk factors may contribute to sex differences in dementia subtypes. Unlike metabolically healthy women, diabetic women are more likely to develop VCID than diabetic men. Prediabetes is 3× more prevalent than diabetes and is linked to earlier onset of dementia in women, but not men. How prediabetes influences underlying pathology and cognitive outcomes across different dementia subtypes is unknown. To fill this gap in knowledge, we investigated the impact of diet-induced prediabetes and biological sex on cognitive function and neuropathology in mouse models of AD and MxD. METHODS Male and female 3xTg-AD mice received a sham (AD model) or unilateral common carotid artery occlusion surgery to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (MxD model). Mice were fed a control or high fat (HF; 60% fat) diet from 3 to 7 months of age. In both sexes, HF diet elicited a prediabetic phenotype (impaired glucose tolerance) and weight gain. RESULTS In females, but not males, metabolic consequences of a HF diet were more severe in AD or MxD mice compared to WT. In both sexes, HF-fed AD or MxD mice displayed deficits in spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). In females, but not males, HF-fed AD and MxD mice also displayed impaired spatial learning in the MWM. In females, but not males, AD or MxD caused deficits in activities of daily living, regardless of diet. Astrogliosis was more severe in AD and MxD females compared to males. Further, AD/MxD females had more amyloid beta plaques and hippocampal levels of insoluble amyloid beta 40 and 42 than AD/MxD males. In females, but not males, more severe glucose intolerance (prediabetes) was correlated with increased hippocampal microgliosis. CONCLUSIONS High-fat diet had a wider array of metabolic, cognitive, and neuropathological consequences in AD and MxD females compared to males. These findings shed light on potential underlying mechanisms by which prediabetes may lead to earlier dementia onset in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Gannon
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Lisa S. Robison
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA ,grid.261241.20000 0001 2168 8324Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA ,grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Abigail E. Salinero
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Febronia M. Mansour
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Richard D. Kelly
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Alvira Tyagi
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Rebekah R. Brawley
- grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Jordan D. Ogg
- grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Kristen L. Zuloaga
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
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12
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Guo L, Zhong MB, Zhang L, Zhang B, Cai D. Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights From the Multiomics Landscape. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:61-71. [PMID: 33896621 PMCID: PMC8996342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has complex etiologies, and the impact of sex on AD varies over the course of disease development. The literature provides some evidence of sex-specific contributions to AD. However, molecular mechanisms of sex-biased differences in AD remain elusive. Multiomics data in tandem with systems biology approaches offer a new avenue to dissect sex-stratified molecular mechanisms of AD and to develop sex-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD. Single-cell transcriptomic datasets and cell deconvolution of bulk tissue transcriptomic data provide additional insights into brain cell type-specific impact on sex-biased differences in AD. In this review, we summarize the impact of sex chromosomes and sex hormones on AD, the impact of sex-biased differences during AD development, and the interplay between sex and a major AD genetic risk factor, the APOE ε4 genotype, through the multiomics landscape. Several sex-biased molecular pathways such as neuroinflammation and bioenergetic metabolism have been identified. The importance of sex chromosome and sex hormones, as well as the associated pathways in AD pathogenesis, is further strengthened by findings from omics studies. Future research efforts should integrate the multiomics data from different brain regions and different cell types using systems biology approaches, and leverage the knowledge into a holistic examination of sex differences in AD. Advances in systems biology technologies and increasingly available large-scale multiomics datasets will facilitate future studies dissecting such complex signaling mechanisms to better understand AD pathogenesis in both sexes, with the ultimate goals of developing efficacious sex- and APOE-stratified preventive and therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Margaret B Zhong
- Department of Neuroscience, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Larry Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Research and Development Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Research and Development Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
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13
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Azcoitia I, Mendez P, Garcia-Segura LM. Aromatase in the Human Brain. ANDROGENS: CLINICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS 2021; 2:189-202. [PMID: 35024691 PMCID: PMC8744447 DOI: 10.1089/andro.2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) enzyme, or estrogen synthase, which is coded by the CYP19A1 gene, is widely expressed in a subpopulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, astrocytes, and other cell types in the human brain. Experimental studies in laboratory animals indicate a prominent role of brain aromatization of androgens to estrogens in regulating different brain functions. However, the consequences of aromatase expression in the human brain remain poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about aromatase expression in the human brain, abundant in the thalamus, amygdala, hypothalamus, cortex, and hippocampus and discuss its role in the regulation of sensory integration, body homeostasis, social behavior, cognition, language, and integrative functions. Since brain aromatase is affected by neurodegenerative conditions and may participate in sex-specific manifestations of autism spectrum disorders, major depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease, we discuss future avenues for research and potential clinical and therapeutic implications of the expression of aromatase in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mendez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Garcia-Segura
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Bortz J, Klatt KC, Wallace TC. Perspective: Estrogen and the Risk of Cognitive Decline: A Missing Choline(rgic) Link? Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00068-0. [PMID: 34849527 PMCID: PMC8970832 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that influence the risk of neurocognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may provide insight into therapies for both disease treatment and prevention. While age is the most striking risk factor for AD, it is notable that the prevalence of AD is higher in women, representing two-thirds of cases. To explore potential underlying biological underpinnings of this observation, the intent of this article is to explore the interplay between cognitive aging and sex hormones, the cholinergic system, and novel hypotheses related to the essential nutrient, choline. Mechanistic evidence points toward estrogen's neuroprotective effects being strongly dependent on its interactions with the cholinergic system, a modulator of attentional functioning, learning, and memory. Estrogen has been shown to attenuate anticholinergic-induced impairments in verbal memory and normalize patterns of frontal and occipital cortex activation, resulting in a more "young adult" phenotype. However, similar to estrogen replacement's effect in cardiovascular diseases, its putative protective effects may be restricted to early postmenopausal women only, supportive of the "critical window hypothesis." Estrogen's impact on the cholinergic system may act both locally in the brain but also through peripheral tissues. Estrogen is critical for inducing endogenous choline synthesis via the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis. PEMT is dramatically induced in response to estrogen, producing not only a PC molecule and source of choline for the brain but also a key source of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, DHA. Herein, we highlight novel hypotheses related to hormone replacement therapy and nutrient metabolism aimed at directing future preclinical and clinical investigation.
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15
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Qu N, Wang XM, Zhang T, Zhang SF, Li Y, Cao FY, Wang Q, Ning LN, Tian Q. Estrogen Receptor α Agonist is Beneficial for Young Female Rats Against Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress-Induced Depressive Behavior and Cognitive Deficits. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:1077-1093. [PMID: 32804146 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are reported more likely to develop depression and dementia. However, the involved mechanism is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Here, we clarified the role of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in depression and cognitive deficit in young female rats. METHODS After being exposed to 7-weeks' chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS), the depression resilient rats (Res rats) and depressed rats (Dep rats) were selected according to their records in sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test. Their cognition abilities were tested by Morris water maze. Proteomic assay, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, immunohistochemical, and Nissl staining were also used to understand the involved mechanism. RESULTS Compared with control rats and Res rats, Dep rats showed cognitive deficits and hippocampal impairments revealed by proteomic data, neuron losses, increased cleaved caspase-3, β-catenin phosphorylation, and glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) activation. As ERα, but not ERβ, was found declined in hippocampi of Dep rats, 4,4k,4a-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT, an ERα agonist, 1 mg/kg/day), was used to treat Dep rats (Dep + PPT). Twenty days later, the depressive behaviors, cognition deficits, and hippocampal neuron loss were rescued in Dep + PPT rats. Furthermore, Res and Dep + PPT rats had higher levels of β-catenin combined with ERα and lower levels of β-catenin combined with GSK3β than Dep rats in hippocampi. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated hippocampal ERα is an important pro-resilient factor in CUMS-induced depressive behaviors and cognitive deficits. It was also given that the neuroprotection afforded by hippocampal ERα/Wnt interactions have significant implications for cognition and emotion in young females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Cao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Na Ning
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology, Gannan Medical University Pingxiang Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Baumgartner NE, Daniel JM. Estrogen receptor α: a critical role in successful female cognitive aging. Climacteric 2021; 24:333-339. [PMID: 33522313 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1875426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to potential health risks, current recommendations are that individuals who wish to use hormone therapy to treat menopausal symptoms do so for the shortest period of time possible. In our investigation into how short-term use of estrogens in midlife following loss of ovarian function exerts long-term effects on female cognitive aging in rodents, we discovered a link between the ability of previous exposure to estradiol to enhance memory in the long term and its ability to increase estrogen receptor α (ERα) levels in the hippocampus, a brain area important for memory. Follow-up studies in model systems implicate a role for ERα in enhanced cognitive function independent of ovarian or exogenously administered estrogens. Results are consistent with clinical studies in which brain ERα levels in older women and men are related to cognitive functioning and risk of cognitive decline is associated with polymorphisms in the gene that transcribes ERα. Research in preclinical models reveals mechanisms through which ERα can be activated and affect cognition in the absence of ovarian estrogens, including ligand-independent activation via insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling and activation by brain-derived neuroestrogens. This report reviews preclinical and clinical data that collectively point to the importance of ERα in cognition and highlights the need to differentiate the role of estrogen receptors from their classical ligands as we seek approaches to facilitate successful cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Baumgartner
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - J M Daniel
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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17
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Gamache J, Yun Y, Chiba-Falek O. Sex-dependent effect of APOE on Alzheimer's disease and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045211. [PMID: 32859588 PMCID: PMC7473656 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of apolipoprotein E (APOE) in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) has been firmly established, but the mechanisms through which it exerts its pathogenic effects remain elusive. In addition, the sex-dependent effects of APOE on LOAD risk and endophenotypes have yet to be explained. In this Review, we revisit the different aspects of APOE involvement in neurodegeneration and neurological diseases, with particular attention to sex differences in the contribution of APOE to LOAD susceptibility. We discuss the role of APOE in a broader range of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and summarize the biological factors linking APOE to sex hormones, drawing on supportive findings from rodent models to identify major mechanistic themes underlying the exacerbation of LOAD-associated neurodegeneration and pathology in the female brain. Additionally, we list sex-by-genotype interactions identified across neurodegenerative diseases, proposing APOE variants as a shared etiology for sex differences in the manifestation of these diseases. Finally, we present recent advancements in 'omics' technologies, which provide a new platform for more in-depth investigations of how dysregulation of this gene affects the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Collectively, the evidence summarized in this Review highlights the interplay between APOE and sex as a key factor in the etiology of LOAD and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We emphasize the importance of careful examination of sex as a contributing factor in studying the underpinning genetics of neurodegenerative diseases in general, but particularly for LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gamache
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Young Yun
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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18
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Deems NP, Leuner B. Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100820. [PMID: 31987814 PMCID: PMC7225072 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk and resilience in brain health and disease can be influenced by a variety of factors. While there is a growing appreciation to consider sex as one of these factors, far less attention has been paid to sex-specific variables that may differentially impact females such as pregnancy and reproductive history. In this review, we focus on nervous system disorders which show a female bias and for which there is data from basic research and clinical studies pointing to modification in disease risk and progression during pregnancy, postpartum and/or as a result of parity: multiple sclerosis (MS), depression, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In doing so, we join others (Shors, 2016; Galea et al., 2018a) in aiming to illustrate the importance of looking beyond sex in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Deems
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Rahman A, Jackson H, Hristov H, Isaacson RS, Saif N, Shetty T, Etingin O, Henchcliffe C, Brinton RD, Mosconi L. Sex and Gender Driven Modifiers of Alzheimer's: The Role for Estrogenic Control Across Age, Race, Medical, and Lifestyle Risks. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:315. [PMID: 31803046 PMCID: PMC6872493 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that after advanced age, the major risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is female sex. Out of every three AD patients, two are females with postmenopausal women contributing to over 60% of all those affected. Sex- and gender-related differences in AD have been widely researched and several emerging lines of evidence point to different vulnerabilities that contribute to dementia risk. Among those being considered, it is becoming widely accepted that gonadal steroids contribute to the gender disparity in AD, as evidenced by the “estrogen hypothesis.” This posits that sex hormones, 17β-estradiol in particular, exert a neuroprotective effect by shielding females’ brains from disease development. This theory is further supported by recent findings that the onset of menopause is associated with the emergence of AD-related brain changes in women in contrast to men of the same age. In this review, we discuss genetic, medical, societal, and lifestyle risk factors known to increase AD risk differently between the genders, with a focus on the role of hormonal changes, particularly declines in 17β-estradiol during the menopause transition (MT) as key underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Rahman
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hande Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hollie Hristov
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard S Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nabeel Saif
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teena Shetty
- Concussion Clinic, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Orli Etingin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Claire Henchcliffe
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Li KX, Sun Q, Wei LL, Du GH, Huang X, Wang JK. ERα Gene Promoter Methylation in Cognitive Function and Quality of Life of Patients With Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2019; 32:221-228. [PMID: 30947592 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719835325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease (AD) has been recognized as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. This study aims to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene promoter methylation on the cognitive function and quality of life (QOL) of patients with AD. METHODS A total of 132 patients with AD and 135 healthy individuals were recruited for this study. The DNA in the peripheral blood was extracted and treated with bisulfite; then methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine the methylation status of ERα and ERα messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, respectively. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), activities of daily living (ADL), and Quality of Life-Alzheimer Disease scale were employed to evaluate the cognitive functions, ADL, and QOL of the participants. RESULTS The methylation group showed a decrease in ERα mRNA expression. The MMSE and ADL scores were indicative of a worse cognitive function in the methylation group. The ERα promoter methylated patients showed a higher rate of abnormal ADL score, while patients in the nonmethylation group enjoyed a better QOL. CONCLUSIONS The ERα promoter methylation is related to impaired cognitive function and QOL of patients with AD by inhibiting ERα mRNA expression and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xiu Li
- 1 Department of Geratology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Sun
- 2 School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Wei
- 2 School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,3 Center of Diabetes Mellitus, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Du
- 4 Outpatient Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Huang
- 1 Department of Geratology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Kang Wang
- 4 Outpatient Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Chronic Amyloid β Oligomer Infusion Evokes Sustained Inflammation and Microglial Changes in the Rat Hippocampus via NLRP3. Neuroscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Müller-Gerards D, Weimar C, Abramowski J, Tebrügge S, Jokisch M, Dragano N, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Moebus S, Winkler A. Subjective cognitive decline, APOE ε4, and incident mild cognitive impairment in men and women. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:221-230. [PMID: 30891488 PMCID: PMC6404645 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Possible joint effects of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype on incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were examined for men and women separately. Methods Cognitively normal participants with and without SCD were included from the first follow-up examination of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Sex-stratified logistic regression models estimated main effects and interactions (additive, multiplicative) of SCD at the first follow-up (yes+/no−) and APOE ε4 (positive+/negative−) groups for MCI 5 years later. Results Odds for MCI 5 years later were higher in SCD/APOE ε4 group +/+ than the sum of groups +/− and −/+ in women, with a trend for positive interaction. Odds for incident MCI in men was highest in group +/−, with no interaction effect. Discussion Our findings indicate that APOE ε4 may play an important role in the association of SCD and incident MCI, especially considering sex. Further studies need to examine these associations with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Müller-Gerards
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Weimar
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jessica Abramowski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Tebrügge
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martha Jokisch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angela Winkler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Fang YY, Zeng P, Qu N, Ning LN, Chu J, Zhang T, Zhou XW, Tian Q. Evidence of altered depression and dementia-related proteins in the brains of young rats after ovariectomy. J Neurochem 2018; 146:703-721. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yan Fang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Na Qu
- Institute for Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Lin-Na Ning
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Jiang Chu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Institute for Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Li J, Rao D, Gibbs RB. Effects of Cholinergic Lesions and Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Aromatase and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Regions of the Rat Brain. Neuroscience 2018; 384:203-213. [PMID: 29852246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic projections have been shown to interact with estrogens in ways that influence synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance. The mechanisms are not well understood. The goal of this study was to investigate whether cholinergic projections influence brain estrogen production by affecting aromatase (ARO), or influence estrogen signaling by affecting estrogen receptor expression. In the first experiment, ovariectomized rats received intraseptal injection of the selective immunotoxin 192IgG-saporin to destroy cholinergic inputs to the hippocampus. In the second experiment ovariectomized rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of the cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil or galantamine for 1 week. ARO activity and relative levels of ARO, ERα, ERß, and GPR30 mRNAs were quantified in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, amygdala and preoptic area. Results show that the cholinergic lesions effectively removed cholinergic inputs to the hippocampus, but had no significant effect on ARO or on relative levels of ER mRNAs. Likewise, injections of the cholinesterase inhibitors had no effect on ARO or ER expression in most regions of the brain. This suggests that effects of cholinergic inputs on synaptic plasticity and neuronal function are not mediated by effects on local estrogen production or ER expression. One exception was the amygdala where treating with galantamine was associated with a significant increase in ARO activity. The amygdala is a key structure involved in registering fear and anxiety. Hence this finding may be clinically relevant to elderly patients who are treated for memory impairment and who also struggle with fear and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Di Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert B Gibbs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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25
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Neural-derived estradiol regulates brain plasticity. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 89:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Rosenfeld CS, Shay DA, Vieira-Potter VJ. Cognitive Effects of Aromatase and Possible Role in Memory Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:610. [PMID: 30386297 PMCID: PMC6199361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse cognitive functions in many vertebrate species are influenced by local conversion of androgens to 17β-estradiol (E2) by aromatase. This enzyme is highly expressed in various brain regions across species, with some inter-species variation in terms of regional brain expression. Since women with breast cancer and men and women with other disorders are often treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI), these populations might be especially vulnerable to cognitive deficits due to low neuroE2 synthesis, i.e., synthesis of E2 directly within the brain. Animal models have been useful in deciphering aromatase effects on cognitive functions. Consequences of AI administration at various life cycle stages have been assessed on auditory, song processing, and spatial memory in birds and various aspects of cognition in rodent models. Additionally, cognitive deficits have been described in aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice that systemically lack this gene throughout their lifespan. This review will consider evidence to date that AI treatment in male and female rodent models, birds, and humans results in cognitive impairments. How brain aromatase regulates cognitive function throughout the lifespan, and gaps in current knowledge will be considered, along with future directions to better define how aromatase might guide learning and memory from early development through the geriatric period. Better understanding the importance of E2 synthesis on neurobehavioral responses at various ages will likely aid in the discovery of therapeutic strategies to prevent potential cognitive deficits, including Alzheimer's Disease, in individuals treated with AI or those possessing CYP19 gene polymorphisms, as well as cognitive effects of normal aging that may be related to changes in brain aromatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
| | - Dusti A. Shay
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
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27
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Merlo S, Spampinato SF, Sortino MA. Estrogen and Alzheimer's disease: Still an attractive topic despite disappointment from early clinical results. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Zhao Y, He L, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Liu Z, Xing F, Liu M, Feng Z, Li W, Zhang J. Estrogen receptor alpha and beta regulate actin polymerization and spatial memory through an SRC-1/mTORC2-dependent pathway in the hippocampus of female mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:96-113. [PMID: 28789972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related decline of estrogens, especially 17β-estradiol (E2), has been shown to play an important role in the impairment of learning and memory in dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we first demonstrated decreases in E2 signaling (aromatase, classic estrogen receptor ERα and ERβ and their coactivator SRC-1), mTORC2 signaling (Rictor and phospho-AKTser473) and actin polymerization (phospho-Cofilin, Profilin-1 and the F-actin/G-actin ratio) in the hippocampus of old female mice compared with those levels detected in the adult hippocampus. We then showed that ERα and ERβ antagonists induced a significant decrease in SRC-1, mTORC2 signaling, actin polymerization, and CA1 spine density, as well as impairments of learning and memory; however, ovariectomy-induced changes of these parameters could be significantly reversed by treatment with ER agonists. We further showed that expression of SRC-1, mTORC2 signaling and actin polymerization could be upregulated by E2 treatment, and the effects of E2 were blocked by the ER antagonists but mimicked by the agonists. We also showed that the lentivirus-mediated SRC-1 knockdown significantly inhibited the agonist-activated mTORC2 signaling and actin polymerization, and the lentivirus-mediated Rictor knockdown also significantly inhibited the agonist-activated actin polymerization. Finally, we demonstrated that the ERα and ERβ antagonists induced a disruption in actin polymerization and an impairment of spatial memory, which were rescued by activation of mTORC2. Taken together, the above results clearly demonstrated an mTORC2-dependent regulation of actin polymerization that contributed to the effects of ERα and ERβ on spatial learning, which may provide a novel target for the prevention and treatment of E2-related dementia in the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li He
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jikai Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fangzhou Xing
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ziqi Feng
- Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Magalhães CA, Carvalho MDG, Sousa LPD, Caramelli P, Gomes KB. Alzheimer’s disease and cytokine IL-10 gene polymorphisms: is there an association? ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2017; 75:649-656. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20170110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. In the last 15 years, a new theory has proposed the autoimmune mechanism as a trigger for AD. Studies on the association between AD and inflammatory biomarkers have yielded controversial results. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory mediator, has been pointed out as one of the main cytokines associated with the occurrence of AD. Moreover, treatment that increases IL-10 levels could be a potential therapy for AD, since this cytokine acts on amyloid and pro-inflammatory molecule reduction. Based on the current literature, this study reviews evidence regarding the role of IL-10 polymorphisms in the context of AD, which has been shown to be of paramount importance for attenuating neuroinflammation, cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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30
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Scudiero R, Verderame M. Gene expression profile of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in rat brain during aging and following high fat diet. C R Biol 2017; 340:372-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Gujski M, Pinkas J, Wierzbińska-Stępniak A, Owoc A, Bojar I. Does genetic testing for ERα gene polymorphisms provide new possibilities of treatment for cognitive function disorders in postmenopausal women? Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1224-1232. [PMID: 28883865 PMCID: PMC5575213 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.62451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly considered that cognitive abilities decrease with age, especially with respect to processing and psychomotor speed. It is an interesting issue whether, apart from the ageing process, the undergoing of menopause itself deteriorates cognitive functions, compared to women at reproductive age. Hopes for improvement of cognitive functions were pinned on the use of menopausal hormone therapy. However, the results of studies concerning the effect of hormone replacement therapy on cognition proved to be contradictory. It seems that the essence of the problem is more complicated than only estrogen deficiency. It is suggested that estrogen receptor α (ERα) polymorphism may be responsible for the differences in the effect of estrogens on cognitive processes. The article presents current knowledge concerning the effect of estrogens on the central nervous system, especially the role of ERα polymorphism, with respect to foreseeing benefits from the use of exogenous estrogens for cognitive functions. At the present stage of research, ERα appears to be poorly specific; nevertheless, it may be an important instrument for the classification of peri- and post-menopausal patients in the group where therapy with the use of estrogens may bring about benefits in terms of prevention and treatment of cognitive disorders. It also seems necessary to conduct prophylactic, screening examination of cognitive functions in post-menopausal women, in order to identify those at risk of the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gujski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pinkas
- School of Public Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Alfred Owoc
- Center for Public Health and Health Promotion, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Bojar
- Department for Woman Health, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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32
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Kwakowsky A, Milne MR, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RL. Effect of Estradiol on Neurotrophin Receptors in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Relevance for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2122. [PMID: 27999310 PMCID: PMC5187922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain is home to the largest population of cholinergic neurons in the brain. These neurons are involved in a number of cognitive functions including attention, learning and memory. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are particularly vulnerable in a number of neurological diseases with the most notable being Alzheimer's disease, with evidence for a link between decreasing cholinergic markers and the degree of cognitive impairment. The neurotrophin growth factor system is present on these BFCNs and has been shown to promote survival and differentiation on these neurons. Clinical and animal model studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on neurodegeneration in BFCNs. It is believed that E2 interacts with neurotrophin signaling on cholinergic neurons to mediate these beneficial effects. Evidence presented in our recent study confirms that altering the levels of circulating E2 levels via ovariectomy and E2 replacement significantly affects the expression of the neurotrophin receptors on BFCN. However, we also showed that E2 differentially regulates neurotrophin receptor expression on BFCNs with effects depending on neurotrophin receptor type and neuroanatomical location. In this review, we aim to survey the current literature to understand the influence of E2 on the neurotrophin system, and the receptors and signaling pathways it mediates on BFCN. In addition, we summarize the physiological and pathophysiological significance of E2 actions on the neurotrophin system in BFCN, especially focusing on changes related to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Michael R Milne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Richard L Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Candeias E, Duarte AI, Sebastião I, Fernandes MA, Plácido AI, Carvalho C, Correia S, Santos RX, Seiça R, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI. Middle-Aged Diabetic Females and Males Present Distinct Susceptibility to Alzheimer Disease-like Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6471-6489. [PMID: 27730513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a highly concerning public health problem of the twenty-first century. Currently, it is estimated that T2D affects 422 million people worldwide with a rapidly increasing prevalence. During the past two decades, T2D has been widely shown to have a major impact in the brain. This, together with the cognitive decline and increased risk for dementia upon T2D, may arise from the complex interaction between normal brain aging and central insulin signaling dysfunction. Among the several features shared between T2D and some neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer disease (AD)), the impairment of insulin signaling may be a key link. However, these may also involve changes in sex hormones' function and metabolism, ultimately contributing to the different susceptibilities between females and males to some pathologies. For example, female sex has been pointed as a risk factor for AD, particularly after menopause. However, less is known on the underlying molecular mechanisms or even if these changes start during middle-age (perimenopause). From the above, we hypothesized that sex differentially affects hormone-mediated intracellular signaling pathways in T2D brain, ultimately modulating the risk for neurodegenerative conditions. We aimed to evaluate sex-associated alterations in estrogen/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/insulin-related signaling, oxidative stress markers, and AD-like hallmarks in middle-aged control and T2D rat brain cortices. We used brain cortices homogenates obtained from middle-aged (8-month-old) control Wistar and non-obese, spontaneously T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) male and female rats. Peripheral characterization of the animal models was done by standard biochemical analyses of blood, plasma, or serum. Steroid sex hormones, oxidative stress markers, and AD-like hallmarks were given by specific ELISA kits and colorimetric techniques, whereas the levels of intracellular signaling proteins were determined by Western blotting. Albeit the high levels of plasma estradiol and progesterone observed in middle-aged control females suggested that they were still under their reproductive phase, some gonadal dysfunction might be already occurring in T2D ones, hence, anticipating their menopause. Moreover, the higher blood and lower brain cholesterol levels in female rats suggested that its dysfunctional uptake into the brain cortex may also hamper peripheral estrogen uptake and/or its local brain steroidogenic metabolism. Despite the massive drop in IGF-1 levels in females' brains, particularly upon T2D, they might have developed some compensatory mechanisms towards the maintenance of estrogen, IGF-1, and insulin receptors function and of the subsequent Akt- and ERK1/2-mediated signaling. These may ultimately delay the deleterious AD-like brain changes (including oxidative damage to lipids and DNA, amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein and increased tau protein phosphorylation) associated with T2D and/or age (reproductive senescence) in female rats. By demonstrating that differential sex steroid hormone profiles/action may play a pivotal role in brain over T2D progression, the present study reinforces the need to establish sex-specific preventive and/or therapeutic approaches and an appropriate time window for the efficient treatment against T2D and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Candeias
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A I Duarte
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - I Sebastião
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M A Fernandes
- Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Mar, Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A I Plácido
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carvalho
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Correia
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua D. Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R X Santos
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M S Santos
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Mar, Life Sciences Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C R Oliveira
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P I Moreira
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo 1, 1st Floor), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Martínez-Pinilla E, Ordóñez C, Del Valle E, Navarro A, Tolivia J. Regional and Gender Study of Neuronal Density in Brain during Aging and in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:213. [PMID: 27679571 PMCID: PMC5020132 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Learning processes or language development are only some of the cognitive functions that differ qualitatively between men and women. Gender differences in the brain structure seem to be behind these variations. Indeed, this sexual dimorphism at neuroanatomical level is accompanied unequivocally by differences in the way that aging and neurodegenerative diseases affect men and women brains. Objective: The aim of this study is the analysis of neuronal density in four areas of the hippocampus, and entorhinal and frontal cortices to analyze the possible gender influence during normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Human brain tissues of different age and from both sexes, without neurological pathology and with different Braak's stages of AD, were studied. Neuronal density was quantified using the optical dissector. Results: Our results showed the absence of a significant neuronal loss during aging in non-pathological brains in both sexes. However, we have demonstrated specific punctual significant variations in neuronal density related with the age and gender in some regions of these brains. In fact, we observed a higher neuronal density in CA3 and CA4 hippocampal areas of non-pathological brains of young men compared to women. During AD, we observed a negative correlation between Braak's stages and neuronal density in hippocampus, specifically in CA1 for women and CA3 for men, and in frontal cortex for both, men and women. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated a sexual dimorphism in the neuronal vulnerability to degeneration suggesting the need to consider the gender of the individuals in future studies, regarding neuronal loss in aging and AD, in order to avoid problems in interpreting data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Ordóñez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Del Valle
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Navarro
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge Tolivia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
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Zheng J, Yan H, Shi L, Kong Y, Zhao Y, Xie L, Li J, Huang M, Li J, Zhao S. The CYP19A1 rs3751592 variant confers susceptibility to Alzheimer disease in the Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4742. [PMID: 27583919 PMCID: PMC5008603 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CYP19A1 enzyme (aromatase) encoded by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19A1 gene influences the final step in the biosynthesis of estrogen, which has been associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). It is possible that genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 could influence the risk of AD by altering the expression of CYP19A1. The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, which is the most significant known genetic risk factor for AD, may mask the effects of other loci. METHODS To assess the potential association of CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of AD, we conducted a case-control study in a Chinese Han population by recruiting 463 cases, including 207 patients diagnosed with AD and 256 healthy people matched for sex and age. RESULTS In APOE ε4 carriers, the distributions of the G allele and the AG + GG genotype of CYP19A1 rs3751592 in patients differed significantly (P < 0.05) from those in healthy people. However, no difference was observed in the distribution of CYP19A1 rs1065778 between the patient and control populations, regardless of their APOE ε4 status. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the rs3751592 A/G polymorphism of the CYP19A1 gene was associated with the incidence of AD in a Chinese Han population, which suggests that CYP19A1 rs3751592 is a predisposing genetic factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Zheng
- Southern Medical University
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Huacheng Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Huacheng Yan, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510507, China (e-mail: ) or Shujin Zhao, Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China (e-mail: )
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Yanying Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Yongpan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Mukun Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Shujin Zhao
- Southern Medical University
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
- Correspondence: Huacheng Yan, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510507, China (e-mail: ) or Shujin Zhao, Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China (e-mail: )
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Lai YJ, Yu D, Zhang JH, Chen GJ. Cooperation of Genomic and Rapid Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens in Synaptic Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4113-4126. [PMID: 27324789 PMCID: PMC5509832 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the changes in the molecular and cellular processes of neural circuits that occur in response to environmental experiences. Clinical and experimental studies have increasingly shown that estrogens participate in the neuroplasticity involved in cognition, behavior, and memory. It is generally accepted that estrogens exert their effects through genomic actions that occur over a period of hours to days. However, emerging evidence indicates that estrogens also rapidly influence the neural circuitry through nongenomic actions. In this review, we provide an overview of the genomic and nongenomic actions of estrogens and discuss how these actions may cooperate in synaptic plasticity. We then summarize the role of epigenetic modifications, synaptic protein synthesis, and posttranslational modifications, and the splice variants of estrogen receptors in the complicated network of estrogens. The combination of genomic and nongenomic mechanisms endows estrogens with considerable diversity in modulating neural functions including synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Fester L, Brandt N, Windhorst S, Pröls F, Bläute C, Rune GM. Control of aromatase in hippocampal neurons. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:9-14. [PMID: 26472556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge on estradiol-induced modulation of synaptic function in the hippocampus is widely based on results following the application of the steroid hormone to either cell cultures, or after the treatment of gonadectomized animals, thus ignoring local neuronal estrogen synthesis. We and others, however, have shown that hippocampus-derived estradiol also controls synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Estradiol synthesis in the hippocampus is regulated by several mechanisms, which are reviewed in this report. The regulation of the activity of aromatase, the final enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis, by Ca(2+) transients, is of particular interest. Aromatase becomes inactivated as soon as it is phosphorylated by Ca(2+)-dependent kinases upon calcium release from internal stores. Accordingly, thapsigargin dephosphorylates aromatase and stimulates estradiol synthesis by depletion of internal Ca(2+) stores. Vice versa, letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, phosphorylates aromatase and reduces estradiol synthesis. Treatment of the cultures with 17β-estradiol results in phosphorylation of the enzyme and increased aromatase protein expression, which suggests that estradiol synthesis in hippocampal neurons is regulated in an autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Fester
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Brandt
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Pröls
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bläute
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele M Rune
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Hu P, Wang Y, Liu J, Meng FT, Qi XR, Chen L, van Dam AM, Joëls M, Lucassen PJ, Zhou JN. Chronic retinoic acid treatment suppresses adult hippocampal neurogenesis, in close correlation with depressive-like behavior. Hippocampus 2016; 26:911-23. [PMID: 26860546 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have highlighted an association between retinoid treatment and depressive symptoms. As we had shown before that chronic application of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) potently activated the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis, we here questioned whether RA also induced changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a form of structural plasticity sensitive to stress and implicated in aspects of depression and hippocampal function. RA was applied intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to adult rats for 19 days after which animals were subjected to tests for depressive-like behavior (sucrose preference) and spatial learning and memory (water maze) performance. On day 27, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and astrogliosis was quantified using BrdU (newborn cell survival), PCNA (proliferation), doublecortin (DCX; neuronal differentiation), and GFAP (astrocytes) as markers. RA was found to increase retinoic acid receptor-α (RAR-α) protein expression in the hippocampus, suggesting an activation of RA-induced signaling mechanisms. RA further potently suppressed cell proliferation, newborn cell survival as well as neurogenesis, but not astrogliosis. These structural plasticity changes were significantly correlated with scores for anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, but not with water maze performance. Our results suggest that RA-induced impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis correlate with depression-like symptoms but not with spatial learning and memory in this design. Thus, manipulations aimed to enhance neurogenesis may help ameliorate emotional aspects of RA-associated mood disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan-Tao Meng
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin-Rui Qi
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anne-Marie van Dam
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wang C, Zhang F, Jiang S, Siedlak SL, Shen L, Perry G, Wang X, Tang B, Zhu X. Estrogen receptor-α is localized to neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20352. [PMID: 26837465 PMCID: PMC4738266 DOI: 10.1038/srep20352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The female predominance for developing Alzheimer disease (AD) suggests the involvement of gender specific factor(s) such as a reduced estrogen-estrogen receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of AD. The potential role of ERα in AD pathogenesis has been explored by several groups with mixed results. We revisited this issue of expression and distribution of ERα in AD brain using a specific ERα antibody. Interestingly, we found that ERα co-localized with neurofibrillary pathology in AD brain and further demonstrated that ERα interacts with tau protein in vivo. Immunoprecipitaion experiments found increased ERα-tau interaction in the AD cases, which may account for ERα being sequestered in neuronal tau pathology. Indeed, tau overexpression in M17 cells leads to interruption of estrogen signaling. Our data support the idea that sequestration of ERα by tau pathology underlies the loss of estrogen neuroprotection during the course of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, the second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu first people’s Hospital, Chengdu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Sirui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandra L. Siedlak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Qiu L, Zhao Y, Guo Q, Zhang Y, He L, Li W, Zhang J. Dose-dependent regulation of steroid receptor coactivator-1 and steroid receptors by testosterone propionate in the hippocampus of adult male mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 156:23-31. [PMID: 26607693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgens have been proposed to play important roles in the regulation of hippocampus function either directly, through the androgen receptor (AR), or indirectly, through estrogen receptors (ERs), after aromatization into estradiol. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is present in the hippocampus of several species, and its expression is regulated by development and aging, as well as by orchidectomy and aromatase inhibitor letrozole administration, while ovariectomy only transiently downregulated hippocampal SRC-1. However, whether the expression of hippocampal SRC-1 can be directly regulated by testosterone, the principal male sex hormone, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression of hippocampal SRC-1 after orchidectomy and testosterone treatment using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. We found that while hippocampal SRC-1 was significantly downregulated by orchidectomy (ORX), its expression was rescued by treatment with testosterone in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we noticed that the decreased expression of hippocampal AR, ERs and the synaptic proteins GluR-1 and PSD-95 induced by ORX was also rescued by testosterone treatment in a dose-dependent manner. However, we found that hippocampal membrane estrogen receptor GPR30 and dendritic spine marker spinophilin were not altered by ORX or testosterone treatment. Together, the above results provided the first direct evidence for the androgenic regulation on hippocampal SRC-1, indicating that SRC-1 may be a direct target of androgenic regulation on the hippocampus. Furthermore, because AR and ERs can be differentially regulated by testosterone, and the transcriptional activity requires the involvement of local SRC-1, and considering the complicated regulatory pathway of each individual receptor, the converged hub regulator SRC-1 of these nuclear receptor networks is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Filed Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yangang Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Filed Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Filed Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Thurston RC, Maki PM, Derby CA, Sejdić E, Aizenstein HJ. Menopausal hot flashes and the default mode network. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:1572-8.e1. [PMID: 25910572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether more physiologically assessed hot flashes were associated with more connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), the network of brain regions active during rest. We particularly focus on DMN networks supporting the hippocampus as this region is rich in estrogen (E) receptors (ER) and has previously been linked to hot flashes. DESIGN Women underwent 24 hours of physiologic and diary hot flash monitoring, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 72 hours of sleep actigraphy monitoring, a blood draw, questionnaires, and physical measures. SETTING University medical center. PATIENT(S) Twenty midlife women aged 40-60 years who had their uterus and both ovaries and were not taking hormone therapy (HT). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The DMN functional connectivity. RESULT(S) Controlling for age, race, and education, more physiologically-monitored hot flashes were associated with greater DMN connectivity (beta, B [SE] = 0.004 [0.002]), particularly hippocampal DMN connectivity (B [SE] = 0.005 [0.002]). Findings were most pronounced for sleep physiologic hot flashes (with hippocampal DMN, B [SE] = 0.02 [0.007]). Associations also persisted controlling for sleep, depressive symptoms, and serum E2 concentrations. CONCLUSION(S) More physiologically-monitored hot flashes were associated with more DMN connectivity, particularly networks supporting the hippocampus. Findings were most pronounced for sleep hot flashes. Findings underscore the importance of continued investigation of the central nervous system in efforts to understand this classic menopausal phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Thurston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carol A Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ervin Sejdić
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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42
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Qu N, Zhou XY, Han L, Wang L, Xu JX, Zhang T, Chu J, Chen Q, Wang JZ, Zhang Q, Tian Q. Combination of PPT with LiCl Treatment Prevented Bilateral Ovariectomy-Induced Hippocampal-Dependent Cognition Deficit in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:894-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Taniuchi S, Fujishima F, Miki Y, Abe K, Nakamura Y, Sato S, Kasajima A, Fue M, Ishida K, Watanabe M, Sakakibara T, Maeda S, Suzuki T, Sasano H. Tissue concentrations of estrogens and aromatase immunolocalization in interstitial pneumonia of human lung. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:136-43. [PMID: 24861259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is characterized by various degrees of pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. Estrogens have been demonstrated to play important roles in physiological and pathological conditions of human lung, but significance of estrogens has remained unknown in human IP. Therefore, we measured estrogen concentrations and immunolocalized aromatase and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in IP tissues. Estradiol concentration was significantly (2.8-fold) higher in IP than normal lung tissues, and aromatase activity evaluated by estradiol/testosterone ratio was also significantly (7.2-fold) elevated in IP tissues. Aromatase immunoreactivity in alveolar epithelial cells was significantly frequent in IP than normal lung or inflammatory lung disease other than IP, and it was positively associated with ERβ immunoreactivity in these cells of IP. These results suggest that estradiol concentration is locally increased in human IP tissue by aromatase, and increased estrogens may play an important role in the development of IP through ERβ in the alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Taniuchi
- Departments of Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Departments of Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoko Sato
- Departments of Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kasajima
- Departments of Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Misaki Fue
- Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishida
- Division of Diagnostic Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Departments of Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sakakibara
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sumiko Maeda
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Departments of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Departments of Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Departments of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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44
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Li R, Cui J, Shen Y. Brain sex matters: estrogen in cognition and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 389:13-21. [PMID: 24418360 PMCID: PMC4040318 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are the primary female sex hormones and play important roles in both reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Estrogens can be synthesized in non-reproductive tissues such as liver, heart, muscle, bone and the brain. During the past decade, increasing evidence suggests that brain estrogen can not only be synthesized by neurons, but also by astrocytes. Brain estrogen also works locally at the site of synthesis in paracrine and/or intracrine fashion to maintain important tissue-specific functions. Here, we will focus on the biology of brain estrogen and its impact on cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease. This comprehensive review provides new insights into brain estrogens by presenting a better understanding of the tissue-specific estrogen effects and their roles in healthy ageing and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Li
- Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education (CHASE), Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, United States.
| | - Jie Cui
- Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education (CHASE), Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, United States
| | - Yong Shen
- Center for Advanced Therapeutic Strategies for Brain Disorders (CATSBD), Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, United States
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45
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Rettberg JR, Yao J, Brinton RD. Estrogen: a master regulator of bioenergetic systems in the brain and body. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:8-30. [PMID: 23994581 PMCID: PMC4024050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is a fundamental regulator of the metabolic system of the female brain and body. Within the brain, estrogen regulates glucose transport, aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial function to generate ATP. In the body, estrogen protects against adiposity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes, and regulates energy intake and expenditure. During menopause, decline in circulating estrogen is coincident with decline in brain bioenergetics and shift towards a metabolically compromised phenotype. Compensatory bioenergetic adaptations, or lack thereof, to estrogen loss could determine risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Estrogen coordinates brain and body metabolism, such that peripheral metabolic state can indicate bioenergetic status of the brain. By generating biomarker profiles that encompass peripheral metabolic changes occurring with menopause, individual risk profiles for decreased brain bioenergetics and cognitive decline can be created. Biomarker profiles could identify women at risk while also serving as indicators of efficacy of hormone therapy or other preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaica R Rettberg
- Neuroscience Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Neuroscience Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
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Mott NN, Pak TR. Estrogen signaling and the aging brain: context-dependent considerations for postmenopausal hormone therapy. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 2013:814690. [PMID: 23936665 PMCID: PMC3725729 DOI: 10.1155/2013/814690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have spurred rigorous debate about the benefits of hormone therapy (HT) for postmenopausal women. Controversy first emerged based on a sharp increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease in participants of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) studies, suggesting that decades of empirical research in animal models was not necessarily applicable to humans. However, a reexamination of the data from the WHI studies suggests that the timing of HT might be a critical factor and that advanced age and/or length of estrogen deprivation might alter the body's ability to respond to estrogens. Dichotomous estrogenic effects are mediated primarily by the actions of two high-affinity estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ER α & ER β ). The expression of the ERs can be overlapping or distinct, dependent upon brain region, sex, age, and exposure to hormone, and, during the time of menopause, there may be changes in receptor expression profiles, post-translational modifications, and protein:protein interactions that could lead to a completely different environment for E2 to exert its effects. In this review, factors affecting estrogen-signaling processes will be discussed with particular attention paid to the expression and transcriptional actions of ER β in brain regions that regulate cognition and affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Mott
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Toni R. Pak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Acosta JI, Hiroi R, Camp BW, Talboom JS, Bimonte-Nelson HA. An update on the cognitive impact of clinically-used hormone therapies in the female rat: models, mazes, and mechanisms. Brain Res 2013; 1514:18-39. [PMID: 23333453 PMCID: PMC3739440 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In women, ovarian hormone loss associated with menopause has been related to cognitive decline. Hormone therapy (HT) may ameliorate some of these changes. Understanding the cognitive impact of female steroids, including estrogens, progestogens, and androgens, is key to discovering treatments that promote brain health in women. The preclinical literature has presented elegant and methodical experiments allowing a better understanding of parameters driving the cognitive consequences of ovarian hormone loss and HT. Animal models have been a valuable tool in this regard, and will be vital to future discoveries. Here, we provide an update on the literature evaluating the impact of female steroid hormones on cognition, and the putative mechanisms mediating these effects. We focus on preclinical work that was done with an eye toward clinical realities. Parameters that govern the cognitive efficacy of HT, from what we know thus far, include but are not limited to: type, dose, duration, and route of HT, age at HT initiation, timing of HT relative to ovarian hormone loss, memory type examined, menopause history, and hormone receptor status. Researchers have identified intricate relationships between some of these factors by studying their individual effects on cognition. As of late, there is increased focus on studying interactions between these variables as well as multiple hormone types when administered concomitantly. This is key to translating preclinical data to the clinic, wherein women typically have concurrent exposure to endogenous ovarian hormones as well as exogenous combination HTs, which include both estrogens and progestins. Gains in understanding the parameters of HT effects on cognition provide exciting novel avenues that can inform clinical treatments, eventually expanding the window of opportunity to optimally enhance cognition and brain health in aging women. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Hormone Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Acosta
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Distribution of the glucocorticoid receptor in the human amygdala; changes in mood disorder patients. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 219:1615-26. [PMID: 23748930 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that stimulates glucocorticoid (GC) release from the adrenal. These hormones exert numerous effects in the body and brain and bind to a.o. glucocorticoid receptors (GR) expressed in the limbic system, including the hippocampus and amygdala. Hyperactivity of the HPA axis and disturbed stress feedback are common features in major depression. GR protein is present in the human hypothalamus and hippocampus, but little is known-neither in healthy subjects nor in depressed patients-about GR expression in the amygdala, a brain structure involved in fear and anxiety. Since chronic stress in rodents affects GR expression in the amygdala, altered GR protein level in depressed versus healthy controls can be expected. To test this, we investigated GR-α protein expression in the post-mortem human amygdala and assessed changes in ten major or bipolar depressed patients and eight non-depressed controls. Abundant GR immunoreactivity was observed in the human amygdala, both in neurons and astrocytes, with a similar pattern in its different anatomical subnuclei. In major depression, GR protein level as well as the percentage of GR-containing astrocytes was significantly higher than in bipolar depressed patients or in control subjects. Taken together, the prominent expression of GR protein in the human amygdala indicates that this region can form an important target for corticosteroids and stress, while the increased GR expression in major, but not bipolar, depression suggests possible involvement in the etiology of major depression.
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The sex-specific associations of the aromatase gene with Alzheimer's disease and its interaction with IL10 in the Epistasis Project. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:216-20. [PMID: 23736221 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epistasis between interleukin-10 (IL10) and aromatase gene polymorphisms has previously been reported to modify the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, although the main effects of aromatase variants suggest a sex-specific effect in AD, there has been insufficient power to detect sex-specific epistasis between these genes to date. Here we used the cohort of 1757 AD patients and 6294 controls in the Epistasis Project. We replicated the previously reported main effects of aromatase polymorphisms in AD risk in women, for example, adjusted odds ratio of disease for rs1065778 GG=1.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.48, P=0.03). We also confirmed a reported epistatic interaction between IL10 rs1800896 and aromatase (CYP19A1) rs1062033, again only in women: adjusted synergy factor=1.94 (1.16-3.25, 0.01). Aromatase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of estrogens, is expressed in AD-relevant brain regions ,and is downregulated during the disease. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Given that estrogens have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities and regulate microglial cytokine production, epistasis is biologically plausible. Diminishing serum estrogen in postmenopausal women, coupled with suboptimal brain estrogen synthesis, may contribute to the inflammatory state, that is a pathological hallmark of AD.
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50
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Schreihofer DA, Ma Y. Estrogen receptors and ischemic neuroprotection: Who, what, where, and when? Brain Res 2013; 1514:107-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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