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Babalola JA, Stracke A, Loeffler T, Schilcher I, Sideromenos S, Flunkert S, Neddens J, Lignell A, Prokesch M, Pazenboeck U, Strobl H, Tadic J, Leitinger G, Lass A, Hutter-Paier B, Hoefler G. Effect of astaxanthin in type-2 diabetes -induced APPxhQC transgenic and NTG mice. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101959. [PMID: 38763496 PMCID: PMC11153249 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aggregation and misfolding of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau proteins, suggested to arise from post-translational modification processes, are thought to be the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, a plethora of evidence exists that links metabolic dysfunctions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidemia to the pathogenesis of AD. We thus investigated the combinatory effect of T2D and human glutaminyl cyclase activity (pyroglutamylation), on the pathology of AD and whether astaxanthin (ASX) treatment ameliorates accompanying pathophysiological manifestations. METHODS Male transgenic AD mice, APPxhQC, expressing human APP751 with the Swedish and the London mutation and human glutaminyl cyclase (hQC) enzyme and their non-transgenic (NTG) littermates were used. Both APPxhQC and NTG mice were allocated to 3 groups, control, T2D-control, and T2D-ASX. Mice were fed control or high fat diet ± ASX for 13 weeks starting at an age of 11-12 months. High fat diet fed mice were further treated with streptozocin for T2D induction. Effects of genotype, T2D induction, and ASX treatment were evaluated by analysing glycemic readouts, lipid concentration, Aβ deposition, hippocampus-dependent cognitive function and nutrient sensing using immunosorbent assay, ELISA-based assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and behavioral testing via Morris water maze (MWM), respectively. RESULTS APPxhQC mice presented a higher glucose sensitivity compared to NTG mice. T2D-induced brain dysfunction was more severe in NTG compared to the APPxhQC mice. T2D induction impaired memory functions while increasing hepatic LC3B, ABCA1, and p65 levels in NTG mice. T2D induction resulted in a progressive shift of Aβ from the soluble to insoluble form in APPxhQC mice. ASX treatment reversed T2D-induced memory dysfunction in NTG mice and in parallel increased hepatic pAKT while decreasing p65 and increasing cerebral p-S6rp and p65 levels. ASX treatment reduced soluble Aβ38 and Aβ40 and insoluble Aβ40 levels in T2D-induced APPxhQC mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that T2D induction in APPxhQC mice poses additional risk for AD pathology as seen by increased Aβ deposition. Although ASX treatment reduced Aβ expression in T2D-induced APPxhQC mice and rescued T2D-induced memory impairment in NTG mice, ASX treatment alone may not be effective in cases of T2D comorbidity and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika Stracke
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Spyridon Sideromenos
- QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ute Pazenboeck
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Low ZS, Chua D, Cheng HS, Tee R, Tan WR, Ball C, Sahib NBE, Ng SS, Qu J, Liu Y, Hong H, Cai C, Rao NCL, Wee A, Muthiah MD, Bichler Z, Mickelson B, Kong MS, Tay VS, Yan Z, Chen J, Ng AS, Yip YS, Vos MIG, Tan NA, Lim DL, Lim DXE, Chittezhath M, Yaligar J, Verma SK, Poptani H, Guan XL, Velan SS, Ali Y, Li L, Tan NS, Wahli W. The LIDPAD Mouse Model Captures the Multisystem Interactions and Extrahepatic Complications in MASLD. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404326. [PMID: 38952069 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an impending global health challenge. Current management strategies often face setbacks, emphasizing the need for preclinical models that faithfully mimic the human disease and its comorbidities. The liver disease progression aggravation diet (LIDPAD), a diet-induced murine model, extensively characterized under thermoneutral conditions and refined diets is introduced to ensure reproducibility and minimize species differences. LIDPAD recapitulates key phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic hallmarks of human MASLD, including multiorgan communications, and disease progression within 4 to 16 weeks. These findings reveal gut-liver dysregulation as an early event and compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia, underscoring the gut-pancreas axis in MASLD pathogenesis. A robust computational pipeline is also detailed for transcriptomic-guided disease staging, validated against multiple harmonized human hepatic transcriptomic datasets, thereby enabling comparative studies between human and mouse models. This approach underscores the remarkable similarity of the LIDPAD model to human MASLD. The LIDPAD model fidelity to human MASLD is further confirmed by its responsiveness to dietary interventions, with improvements in metabolic profiles, liver histopathology, hepatic transcriptomes, and gut microbial diversity. These results, alongside the closely aligned changing disease-associated molecular signatures between the human MASLD and LIDPAD model, affirm the model's relevance and potential for driving therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Rachel Tee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Christopher Ball
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Norliza Binte Esmail Sahib
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ser Sue Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Haiyu Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 Mei Hua East Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Chaonong Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 Mei Hua East Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | | | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Zoë Bichler
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Mei Suen Kong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Shiyun Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Yan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jiapeng Chen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yun Sheng Yip
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ivan Gerard Vos
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Nicole Ashley Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Dao Liang Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Debbie Xiu En Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Manesh Chittezhath
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Sambasivam Sendhil Velan
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse, 1331, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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Zhao T, Li Q, Wang X, Tang B, Zhang X, Yu H, Li Z. Time-dependent effects of high-fat diet on cognition and cerebral insulin signaling: Window for recovery and potential therapeutic target. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111955. [PMID: 38852746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
While high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a major threat to global public health, the effect of HFD on cognition and insulin signaling during ageing remains controversial. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamic alterations in cognition and cerebral insulin signaling during 6-month HFD consumption, and to investigate the potential therapeutic target and optimal timing to rescue obesity-related cognitive deficits. In the present study, impaired memory retention induced by 2-month HFD was recovered after 4 months on HFD. Prolonged (6-month) HFD did not further enhance tau hyperphosphorylation and β-amyloid deposition, which was consistent with the alleviation of memory retention. In brain insulin signaling, 2-month HFD increased IRS-1 and p-IRS-1(Ser307)/IRS-1, while decreasing pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, PI3K and mTOR; 4-month HFD decreased IRS-1 and pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, while increasing AKT; 6-month HFD increased IRS-1, pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, and mTOR, while decreasing p-IRS-1(Ser307)/IRS-1, PI3K and AKT. Notably, bioinformatic analysis revealed a rhythmic process presented only in 4-month HFD group, with Srebf1 emerging as a link between circadian rhythms and insulin signaling pathway. These results suggest that prolonged HFD prevents further cognitive decline and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies during ageing. Moreover, there may be a window for recovery, in which Srebf1 acts as a self-recovery switch to address obesity-related cognitive disorders in elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Lai AY, Almanza DLV, Ribeiro JA, Hill ME, Mandrozos M, Koletar MM, Stefanovic B, McLaurin J. Obesity Facilitates Sex-Specific Improvement In Cognition And Neuronal Function In A Rat Model Of Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575200. [PMID: 38328066 PMCID: PMC10849478 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity reduces or increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) depending on whether it is assessed in mid-life or late-life. There is currently no consensus on the relationship between obesity and AD or the mechanism or their interaction. Here, we aim to differentiate the cause-and-effect relationship between obesity and AD in a controlled rat model of AD. We induced obesity in 9-month-old TgF344-AD rats, that is pathology-load wise similar to early symptomatic phase of human AD. To more accurately model human obesity, we fed both TgF344-AD and non-transgenic littermates a varied high-carbohydrate-high-fat diet consisting of human food for 3 months. Obesity increased overall glucose metabolism and slowed cognitive decline in TgF344-AD rats, specifically executive function, without affecting non-transgenic rats. Pathological analyses of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus showed that obesity in TgF344-AD rats produced varied effects, with increased density of myelin and oligodendrocytes, lowered density and activation of microglia that we propose contributes to the cognitive improvement. However, obesity also decreased neuronal density, and promoted deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and tau inclusions. After 6 months on the high-carbohydrate-high-fat diet, detrimental effects on density of neurons, amyloid-beta plaques, and tau inclusions persisted while the beneficial effects on myelin, microglia, and cognitive functions remained albeit with a lower effect size. By examining the effect of sex, we found that both beneficial and detrimental effects of obesity were stronger in female TgF344-AD rats indicating that obesity during early symptomatic phase of AD is protective in females.
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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Jang YJ, Choi MG, Yoo BJ, Lee KJ, Jung WB, Kim SG, Park SA. Interaction Between a High-Fat Diet and Tau Pathology in Mice: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:485-506. [PMID: 38108353 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its relation with tau pathology (i.e., aberrant tau protein behavior in tauopathies such as AD) has been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the interaction between a high-fat diet (HFD) and tau pathology in adult male mice. METHODS Transgenic mice overexpressing human P301S Tau (those with the pathology) and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to behavioral tests, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and western blotting analysis to investigate the effects of prolonged HFD versus regular diet during adulthood. RESULTS HFD increased body weight in both WT and P301S mice but had minimal effect on blood glucose levels. The brain response to HFD was tau genotype-specific. WT mice exhibited decreased recognition memory and enhanced network connectivity in fMRI, while P301S mice exhibited white matter tract disorganization in DTI as the sole significant finding. The reduction of insulin receptor β, insulin downstream signaling, neuronal nuclear protein, CD68-positive phagocytic activity, and myelin basic protein level were confined to the cortex of WT mice. In contrast to P301S mice, WT mice showed significant changes in the tau protein and its phosphorylation levels along with increased soluble neurofilament light levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS HFD-induced brain dysfunction and pathological changes were blunted in mice with the pathology and more profound in healthy mice. Our findings highlight the need to consider this interaction between obesity and tau pathology when tailoring treatment strategies for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Jang
- Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Choi
- Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jae Yoo
- Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jae Lee
- Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Beom Jung
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Park
- Lab for Neurodegenerative Dementia, Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Hu ZL, Yuan YQ, Tong Z, Liao MQ, Yuan SL, Jian Y, Yang JL, Liu WF. Reexamining the Causes and Effects of Cholesterol Deposition in the Brains of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6852-6868. [PMID: 37507575 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Numerous studies have shown that imbalances in cholesterol homeostasis in the brains of AD patients precede the onset of clinical symptoms. In addition, cholesterol deposition has been observed in the brains of AD patients even though peripheral cholesterol does not enter the brain through the blood‒brain barrier (BBB). Studies have demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism in the brain is associated with many pathological conditions, such as amyloid beta (Aβ) production, Tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In 2022, some scholars put forward a new hypothesis of AD: the disease involves lipid invasion and its exacerbation of the abnormal metabolism of cholesterol in the brain. In this review, by discussing the latest research progress, the causes and effects of cholesterol retention in the brains of AD patients are analyzed and discussed. Additionally, the possible mechanism through which AD may be improved by targeting cholesterol is described. Finally, we propose that improving the impairments in cholesterol removal observed in the brains of AD patients, instead of further reducing the already impaired cholesterol synthesis in the brain, may be the key to preventing cholesterol deposition and improving the corresponding pathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Yang-Qi Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Mei-Qing Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Shun-Ling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Ye Jian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jia-Lun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wen-Feng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Neto A, Fernandes A, Barateiro A. The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1294420. [PMID: 38026693 PMCID: PMC10665538 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world's population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Neto
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lippi SLP, Barkey RE, Rodriguez MN. High-fat diet negatively affects brain markers, cognitive behaviors, and noncognitive behaviors in the rTg4510 tau mouse model. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114316. [PMID: 37543107 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) drastically impacts cognitive and noncognitive behaviors in both humans and animal models. Two hallmark proteins in AD, amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, accumulate in regions of the brain critical for learning and memory, including the hippocampus. Poor dietary choices have been shown to exacerbate cognitive deficits seen in AD. In this study, we assessed the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD - 60 kcal% fat) on cognitive & noncognitive behaviors as well as on brain markers in the rTg4510 tau mouse model. While all mice learned the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task, it was noted that on the last day of acquisition female tau mice had a significantly higher latency to find the platform than male tau mice (p < 0.01). Mice given the HFD spent significantly less time in the target quadrant than those given a control diet (CD) (p < 0.05). Tau mice showed impaired burrowing (p < 0.05) and nesting behaviors (p < 0.001) compared to WT mice and HFD administration worsened burrowing in tau mice. Tau mice exhibited greater levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (p < 0.05) and significantly less hippocampal cell density than WT mice (p < 0.001). We observed trends of HFD mice having greater levels of GFAP and greater average tangle size than CD mice. These results highlight the importance of dietary choices, especially in older populations more susceptible to AD and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L P Lippi
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Dept. Psychology, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States.
| | - Rachel E Barkey
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Dept. Neural and Behavioral Sciences, 700 HMC Crescent Road, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Mya N Rodriguez
- MD Anderson UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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10
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Tian S, Ye T, Cheng X. The behavioral, pathological and therapeutic features of the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3 × Tg-AD) mouse model strain. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114505. [PMID: 37597764 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
As a classic animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the 3 × Tg-AD mouse not only recapitulates most of anatomical hallmarks observed in AD pathology but also displays cognitive alterations in memory and learning tasks. The 3 × Tg-AD can better show the two characteristics of AD, amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Therefore, 3 × Tg-AD strain is widely used in AD pathogenesis research and new drug development of AD. In this paper, the construction methods, pathological changes, and treatment characteristics of 3 × Tg-AD mouse models commonly used in AD research are summarized and commented, hoping to provide reference for researchers to choose and establish experimental patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tian
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, PR China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Tianyuan Ye
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, PR China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China.
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11
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Wekwejt P, Wojda U, Kiryk A. Melanotan-II reverses memory impairment induced by a short-term HF diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115129. [PMID: 37478579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat (HF) diet has been shown to increase the risk of neurological impairments and neurodegenerative disorders. The melanotropins used in this study have been associated with diet-related disorders; however, there is an absence of studies on their effect on diet-induced neurobehavioral conditions. Here, we investigated the possible relationship among diet, Melanotan-II (MT-II) targeting melanotropin receptors, and the behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Surprisingly, even a short-term HF diet lasting for ∼ 1 % of the zebrafish's life had a strong developmental effect. Zebrafish fed the HF diet showed an impairment in recognition memory, elevated anxiety levels, and reduced exploratory propensity after just three weeks compared to zebrafish fed the control diet. These HF diet-induced abnormalities were reversed by MT-II. Animals fed a HF diet and treated with MT-II demonstrated recognition memory, anxiety, and exploratory behavior similar to the control group. This study provides evidence that even a short-term HF diet has an impact on memory and emotions and is the first study to show that MT-II reverses these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Wekwejt
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kiryk
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Mengr A, Strnadová V, Strnad Š, Vrkoslav V, Pelantová H, Kuzma M, Comptdaer T, Železná B, Kuneš J, Galas MC, Pačesová A, Maletínská L. Feeding High-Fat Diet Accelerates Development of Peripheral and Central Insulin Resistance and Inflammation and Worsens AD-like Pathology in APP/PS1 Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3690. [PMID: 37686722 PMCID: PMC10490051 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and neuroinflammation. Previous research has shown that obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, underlined by insulin resistance (IR), are risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, obesity-induced peripheral and central IR and inflammation were studied in relation to AD-like pathology in the brains and periphery of APP/PS1 mice, a model of Aβ pathology, fed a high-fat diet (HFD). APP/PS1 mice and their wild-type controls fed either a standard diet or HFD were characterized at the ages of 3, 6 and 10 months by metabolic parameters related to obesity via mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to quantify how obesity affected AD pathology. The HFD induced substantial peripheral IR leading to central IR. APP/PS1-fed HFD mice had more pronounced IR, glucose intolerance and liver steatosis than their WT controls. The HFD worsened Aβ pathology in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice and significantly supported both peripheral and central inflammation. This study reveals a deleterious effect of obesity-related mild peripheral inflammation and prediabetes on the development of Aβ and Tau pathology and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mengr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Veronika Strnadová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Štěpán Strnad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas Comptdaer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (T.C.); (M.-C.G.)
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (T.C.); (M.-C.G.)
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
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13
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Rhea EM, Leclerc M, Yassine HN, Capuano AW, Tong H, Petyuk VA, Macauley SL, Fioramonti X, Carmichael O, Calon F, Arvanitakis Z. State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.0814. [PMID: 37611907 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment. Further, therapies used to treat T2DM are now being investigated in the context of AD treatment and prevention, including insulin. In this review, we offer a definition of BIR, and present evidence for BIR in AD; we discuss the expression, function, and activation of the insulin receptor (INSR) in the brain; how BIR could develop; tools to study BIR; how BIR correlates with current AD hallmarks; and regional/cellular involvement of BIR. We close with a discussion on resilience to both BIR and AD, how current tools can be improved to better understand BIR, and future avenues for research. Overall, this review and position paper highlights BIR as a plausible therapeutic target for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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14
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Carús-Cadavieco M, Berenguer López I, Montoro Canelo A, Serrano-Lope MA, González-de la Fuente S, Aguado B, Fernández-Rodrigo A, Saido TC, Frank García A, Venero C, Esteban JA, Guix F, Dotti CG. Cognitive decline in diabetic mice predisposed to Alzheimer's disease is greater than in wild type. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201789. [PMID: 37059474 PMCID: PMC10105330 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we tested the hypothesis that the development of dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) requires a genetic background of predisposition to neurodegenerative disease. As a proof of concept, we induced T2DM in middle-aged hAPP NL/F mice, a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease. We show that T2DM produces more severe behavioral, electrophysiological, and structural alterations in these mice compared with wild-type mice. Mechanistically, the deficits are not paralleled by higher levels of toxic forms of Aβ or by neuroinflammation but by a reduction in γ-secretase activity, lower levels of synaptic proteins, and by increased phosphorylation of tau. RNA-seq analysis of the cerebral cortex of hAPP NL/F and wild-type mice suggests that the former could be more susceptible to T2DM because of defects in trans-membrane transport. The results of this work, on the one hand, confirm the importance of the genetic background in the severity of the cognitive disorders in individuals with T2DM and, on the other hand, suggest, among the involved mechanisms, the inhibition of γ-secretase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carús-Cadavieco
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Berenguer López
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Montoro Canelo
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior (E.T.S) de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Serrano-Lope
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Aguado
- Genomics and NGS Facility, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Fernández-Rodrigo
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ana Frank García
- Department of Neurology, Division Neurodegenerative Disease, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Venero
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Esteban
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Guix
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS) - Universitat Ramón Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa(CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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15
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So SW, Fleming KM, Nixon JP, Butterick TA. Early Life Obesity Increases Neuroinflammation, Amyloid Beta Deposition, and Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112494. [PMID: 37299457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a known risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), increases the activation of microglia, leading to a proinflammatory phenotype. Our previous work shows that a high fat diet (HFD) can cause neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in mice. We hypothesized that proinflammatory activation of brain microglia in obesity exacerbates AD pathology and increases the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. Presently, we tested cognitive function in 8-month-old male and female APP/PS1 mice fed a HFD, starting at 1.5 months of age. Locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, behavioral despair, and spatial memory were all assessed through behavioral tests. Microgliosis and Aβ deposition were measured in multiple brain regions through immunohistochemical analysis. Our results show that a HFD decreases locomotor activity, while increasing anxiety-like behavior and behavioral despair independent of genotype. A HFD led to increased memory deficits in both sexes, with HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice performing the worst out of all groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased microgliosis in mice fed a HFD. This was accompanied by an increase in Aβ deposition in the HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Together, our results support that HFD-induced obesity exacerbates neuroinflammation and Aβ deposition in a young adult AD mouse model, leading to increased memory deficits and cognitive decline in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon W So
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kendra M Fleming
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joshua P Nixon
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tammy A Butterick
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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16
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Sonsalla MM, Lamming DW. Geroprotective interventions in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w. [PMID: 37022634 PMCID: PMC10400530 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease. As the population ages, the increasing prevalence of AD threatens massive healthcare costs in the coming decades. Unfortunately, traditional drug development efforts for AD have proven largely unsuccessful. A geroscience approach to AD suggests that since aging is the main driver of AD, targeting aging itself may be an effective way to prevent or treat AD. Here, we discuss the effectiveness of geroprotective interventions on AD pathology and cognition in the widely utilized triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) which develops both β-amyloid and tau pathologies characteristic of human AD, as well as cognitive deficits. We discuss the beneficial impacts of calorie restriction (CR), the gold standard for geroprotective interventions, and the effects of other dietary interventions including protein restriction. We also discuss the promising preclinical results of geroprotective pharmaceuticals, including rapamycin and medications for type 2 diabetes. Though these interventions and treatments have beneficial effects in the 3xTg-AD model, there is no guarantee that they will be as effective in humans, and we discuss the need to examine these interventions in additional animal models as well as the urgent need to test if some of these approaches can be translated from the lab to the bedside for the treatment of humans with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, VAH C3127 Research 151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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17
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Kim JK, Hong S, Park J, Kim S. Metabolic and Transcriptomic Changes in the Mouse Brain in Response to Short-Term High-Fat Metabolic Stress. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030407. [PMID: 36984847 PMCID: PMC10051449 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic consumption of diets rich in saturated fats leads to obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes and atherosclerosis. Intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) is also recognized to dysregulate neural functions such as cognition, mood, and behavior. However, the effects of short-term high-fat diets on the brain are elusive. Here, we investigated molecular changes in the mouse brain following an acute HFD for 10 days by employing RNA sequencing and metabolomics profiling. Aberrant expressions of 92 genes were detected in the brain tissues of acute HFD-exposed mice. The differentially expressed genes were enriched for various pathways and processes such as superoxide metabolism. In our global metabolomic profiling, a total of 59 metabolites were significantly altered by the acute HFD. Metabolic pathways upregulated from HFD-exposed brain tissues relative to control samples included oxidative stress, oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acid metabolism (e.g., branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and lysine metabolism), and the gut microbiome. Acute HFD also elevated levels of N-acetylated amino acids, urea cycle metabolites, and uracil metabolites, further suggesting complex changes in nitrogen metabolism. The observed molecular events in the present study provide a valuable resource that can help us better understand how acute HFD stress impacts brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kwang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Stem Cell Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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18
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Yin F. Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise. FEBS J 2023; 290:1420-1453. [PMID: 34997690 PMCID: PMC9259766 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiology, intersecting genetic and environmental risk factors, and a lack of disease-modifying therapeutics. While the abnormal accumulation of lipids was described in the very first report of AD neuropathology, it was not until recent decades that lipid dyshomeostasis became a focus of AD research. Clinically, lipidomic and metabolomic studies have consistently shown alterations in the levels of various lipid classes emerging in early stages of AD brains. Mechanistically, decades of discovery research have revealed multifaceted interactions between lipid metabolism and key AD pathogenic mechanisms including amyloidogenesis, bioenergetic deficit, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and myelin degeneration. In the present review, converging evidence defining lipid dyshomeostasis in AD is summarized, followed by discussions on mechanisms by which lipid metabolism contributes to pathogenesis and modifies disease risk. Furthermore, lipid-targeting therapeutic strategies, and the modification of their efficacy by disease stage, ApoE status, and metabolic and vascular profiles, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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19
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Webberley TS, Bevan RJ, Kerry-Smith J, Dally J, Michael DR, Thomas S, Rees M, Morgan JE, Marchesi JR, Good MA, Plummer SF, Wang D, Hughes TR. Assessment of Lab4P Probiotic Effects on Cognition in 3xTg-AD Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice and the SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054683. [PMID: 36902113 PMCID: PMC10003662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and metabolic syndrome are associated with neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is growing interest in the prophylactic potential of probiotic bacteria in this area. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective potential of the Lab4P probiotic consortium in both age and metabolically challenged 3xTg-AD mice and in human SH-SY5Y cell culture models of neurodegeneration. In mice, supplementation prevented disease-associated deteriorations in novel object recognition, hippocampal neurone spine density (particularly thin spines) and mRNA expression in hippocampal tissue implying an anti-inflammatory impact of the probiotic, more notably in the metabolically challenged setting. In differentiated human SH-SY5Y neurones challenged with β-Amyloid, probiotic metabolites elicited a neuroprotective capability. Taken together, the results highlight Lab4P as a potential neuroprotective agent and provide compelling support for additional studies in animal models of other neurodegenerative conditions and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Webberley
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryan J. Bevan
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF10 4HQ, UK
| | - Joshua Kerry-Smith
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Jordanna Dally
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Daryn R. Michael
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Meg Rees
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - James E. Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF10 4HQ, UK
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark A. Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Sue F. Plummer
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Timothy R. Hughes
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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A PDK-1 allosteric agonist improves spatial learning and memory in a βAPP/PS-1 transgenic mouse-high fat diet intervention model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114183. [PMID: 36404570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are clear risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Several anti-diabetic drugs and insulin have been tested in rodents and humans with MCI or AD, yielding promising but inconclusive results. The PDK-1/Akt axis, essential to the action of insulin, has not however been pharmacologically interrogated to a similar degree. Our previous cell culture and in vitro studies point to such an approach. Double transgenic APPsw/PSENdE9 mice, a model for Alzheimer's disease, were used to test the oral administration of PS48, a PDK-1 agonist, on preventing the expected decline in learning and memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Mice were raised on either standard (SD) or high fat (HFD) diets, dosed beginning 10 months age and tested at an advanced age of 14 months. PS48 had positive effects on learning the spatial location of a hidden platform in the TG animals, on either SD or HFD, compared to vehicle diet and WT animals. On several measures of spatial memory following successful acquisition (probe trials), the drug also proved significantly beneficial to animals on either diet. The PS48 treatment-effect size was more pronounced in the TG animals on HFD compared to on SD in several of the probe measures. HFD produced some of the intended metabolic effects of weight gain and hyperglycemia, as well as accelerating cognitive impairment in the TG animals. PS48 was found to have added value in modestly reducing body weights and improving OGTT responses in TG groups although results were not definitive. PS48 was well tolerated without obvious clinical signs or symptoms and did not itself affect longevity. These results recommend a larger preclinical study before human trial.
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21
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Ibeh S, Bakkar NMZ, Ahmad F, Nwaiwu J, Barsa C, Mekhjian S, Reslan MA, Eid AH, Harati H, Nabha S, Mechref Y, El-Yazbi AF, Kobeissy F. High fat diet exacerbates long-term metabolic, neuropathological, and behavioral derangements in an experimental mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Life Sci 2023; 314:121316. [PMID: 36565814 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a serious public health concern. Although TBI targets the brain, it can exert several systemic effects which can worsen the complications observed in TBI subjects. Currently, there is no FDA-approved therapy available for its treatment. Thus, there has been an increasing need to understand other factors that could modulate TBI outcomes. Among the factors involved are diet and lifestyle. High-fat diets (HFD), rich in saturated fat, have been associated with adverse effects on brain health. MAIN METHODS To study this phenomenon, an experimental mouse model of open head injury, induced by the controlled cortical impact was used along with high-fat feeding to evaluate the impact of HFD on brain injury outcomes. Mice were fed HFD for a period of two months where several neurological, behavioral, and molecular outcomes were assessed to investigate the impact on chronic consequences of the injury 30 days post-TBI. KEY FINDINGS Two months of HFD feeding, together with TBI, led to a notable metabolic, neurological, and behavioral impairment. HFD was associated with increased blood glucose and fat-to-lean ratio. Spatial learning and memory, as well as motor coordination, were all significantly impaired. Notably, HFD aggravated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Also, cell proliferation post-TBI was repressed by HFD, which was accompanied by an increased lesion volume. SIGNIFICANCE Our research indicated that chronic HFD feeding can worsen functional outcomes, predispose to neurodegeneration, and decrease brain recovery post-TBI. This sheds light on the clinical impact of HFD on TBI pathophysiology and rehabilitation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Ibeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour-Mounira Z Bakkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Judith Nwaiwu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Deparment of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarine Mekhjian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Amine Reslan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hayat Harati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Deparment of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Al-Alamein, Egypt.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
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22
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Chandra S, Sisodia SS, Vassar RJ. The gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease: what we know and what remains to be explored. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:9. [PMID: 36721148 PMCID: PMC9889249 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, results in a sustained decline in cognition. There are currently few effective disease modifying therapies for AD, but insights into the mechanisms that mediate the onset and progression of disease may lead to new, effective therapeutic strategies. Amyloid beta oligomers and plaques, tau aggregates, and neuroinflammation play a critical role in neurodegeneration and impact clinical AD progression. The upstream modulators of these pathological features have not been fully clarified, but recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) may have an influence on these features and therefore may influence AD progression in human patients. In this review, we summarize studies that have identified alterations in the GMB that correlate with pathophysiology in AD patients and AD mouse models. Additionally, we discuss findings with GMB manipulations in AD models and potential GMB-targeted therapeutics for AD. Lastly, we discuss diet, sleep, and exercise as potential modifiers of the relationship between the GMB and AD and conclude with future directions and recommendations for further studies of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhanth Chandra
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Sangram S. Sisodia
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Robert J. Vassar
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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23
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Findley CA, McFadden SA, Cox MF, Sime LN, Peck MR, Quinn K, Bartke A, Hascup KN, Hascup ER. Prodromal Glutamatergic Modulation with Riluzole Impacts Glucose Homeostasis and Spatial Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:371-392. [PMID: 37248899 PMCID: PMC10357216 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research supports a strong link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and metabolic dysfunction that involves a multi-directional interaction between glucose, glutamatergic homeostasis, and amyloid pathology. Elevated soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) is an early biomarker for AD-associated cognitive decline that contributes to concurrent glutamatergic and metabolic dyshomeostasis in humans and male transgenic AD mice. Yet, it remains unclear how primary time-sensitive targeting of hippocampal glutamatergic activity may impact glucose regulation in an amyloidogenic mouse model. Previous studies have illustrated increased glucose uptake and metabolism using a neuroprotective glutamate modulator (riluzole), supporting the link between glucose and glutamatergic homeostasis. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that targeting early glutamatergic hyperexcitation through riluzole treatment could aid in attenuating co-occurring metabolic and amyloidogenic pathologies with the intent of ameliorating cognitive decline. METHODS We conducted an early intervention study in male and female transgenic (AβPP/PS1) and knock-in (APPNL - F/NL - F) AD mice to assess the on- and off-treatment effects of prodromal glutamatergic modulation (2-6 months of age) on glucose homeostasis and spatial cognition through riluzole treatment. RESULTS Results indicated a sex- and genotype-specific effect on glucose homeostasis and spatial cognition with riluzole intervention that evolved with disease progression and time since treatment. CONCLUSION These findings support the interconnected nature of glucose and glutamatergic homeostasis with amyloid pathology and petition for further investigation into the targeting of this relationship to improve cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh A. Findley
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Samuel A. McFadden
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - MaKayla F. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Sime
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Peck
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Neuroscience Institute, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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24
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Gao W, Zhou J, Gu X, Zhou Y, Wang L, Si N, Fan X, Bian B, Wang H, Zhao H. A multi-network comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome and translatome reveals the effect of high-fat diet on APP/PS1 mice and the intervention with Chinese medicine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:974333. [PMID: 36352898 PMCID: PMC9638104 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different studies on the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology have reported conflicting findings. Our previous studies showed HFD could moderate neuroinflammation and had no significant effect on amyloid-β levels or contextual memory on AD mice. To gain more insights into the involvement of HFD, we performed the whole-transcriptome sequencing and ribosome footprints profiling. Combined with competitive endogenous RNA analysis, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of HFD on AD mice was systematically revealed from RNA level. Mmu-miR-450b-3p and mmu-miR-6540-3p might be involved in regulating the expression of Th and Ddc expression. MiR-551b-5p regulated the expression of a variety of genes including Slc18a2 and Igfbp3. The upregulation of Pcsk9 expression in HFD intervention on AD mice might be closely related to the increase of cholesterol in brain tissues, while Huanglian Jiedu Decoction significantly downregulated the expression of Pcsk9. Our data showed the close connection between the alterations of transcriptome and translatome under the effect of HFD, which emphasized the roles of translational and transcriptional regulation were relatively independent. The profiled molecular responses in current study might be valuable resources for advanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effect of HFD on AD.
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25
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Effect of Obesity and High-Density Lipoprotein Concentration on the Pathological Characteristics of Alzheimer's Disease in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012296. [PMID: 36293147 PMCID: PMC9603479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain and reactivity of glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia. Clinically, the development of AD and obesity are known to be correlated. In this study, we analyzed the changes in AD pathological characteristics in 5XFAD mice after obesity induction through a high-fat diet (HFD). Surprisingly, high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein AI (APOA-I) serum levels were increased without low-density lipoprotein alteration in both HFD groups. The reactivity of astrocytes and microglia in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and fornix of the hypothalamus in 5XFAD mice was decreased in the transgenic (TG)-HFD high group. Finally, the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus was also significantly decreased in the TG-HFD high group. These results suggest that increased high-density lipoprotein level, especially with increased APOA-I serum level, alleviates the pathological features of AD and could be a new potential therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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26
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Chen F, Yi WM, Wang SY, Yuan MH, Wen J, Li HY, Zou Q, Liu S, Cai ZY. A long-term high-fat diet influences brain damage and is linked to the activation of HIF-1α/AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signalling. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:978431. [PMID: 36188454 PMCID: PMC9524849 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.978431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) are related to the incidence of obesity and diabetes, but the effect of high-fat diet-induced brain damage remains to be clarified. In our study, we found that 24 weeks of a HFD effectively induced obesity and a change in fur color in mice. In addition, the mice also exhibited deficits in learning and memory. We further found that autophagic flux was impaired in mice after HFD feeding. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression was significantly increased in HFD-fed mice, and HFD feeding inhibited adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and induced mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and p70S6K expression. Treatment of HFD-induced BV2 cell model with palmitic acid (PA) was used to further verify a similar result. We concluded that improving tissue hypoxia or enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway may be a relevant strategy for improving obesity- and ageing-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-min Yi
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-hao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-you Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-you Cai, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-4020
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27
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Wang W, Tanokashira D, Shibayama Y, Tsuji R, Maruyama M, Kuroiwa C, Saito T, Saido TC, Taguchi A. Effects of high-fat diet on nutrient metabolism and cognitive functions in young APPKI NL-G-F/NL-G-F mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35582933 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121113-20200718-00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increased risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the relationship between the 2 conditions is controversial. High-fat diet (HFD) causes cognitive impairment with/without Aβ accumulation in middle-aged or aged transgenic (Tg) and knock-in (KI) AD mouse models, except for metabolic disorders, which commonly occur in all mice types. Alternatively, whether HFD in early life has an impact on nutrient metabolism and neurological phenotypes in young AD mouse models is not known. In the present study, we examined the effects of HFD on young APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice, one of the novel KI-AD mouse models. METHODS The mice were categorized by diet into 2 experimental groups, normal diet (ND) and HFD. Four-week-old wild-type (WT) and APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice were fed ND or HFD for 9 weeks. Both types of mice on ND and HFD were examined during young adulthood. RESULTS HFD caused T2DM-related metabolic disturbances in both young WT and APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice, whereas impaired thermoregulation and shortage of alternative energy sources specifically occurred in young APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice. However, HFD had no impact on the cognitive function, Aβ levels, and phosphorylation of hippocampal insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at all the 3 Ser sites in both types of mice. CONCLUSION HFD is effective in causing metabolic disturbances in young WT and APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice but is ineffective in inducing neurological disorders in both types of mice, suggesting that the aging effects, along with long-term HFD, facilitate neurological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanokashira
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yudai Shibayama
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Tsuji
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Megumi Maruyama
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chiemi Kuroiwa
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Taguchi
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Freire-Regatillo A, Diaz-Pacheco S, Frago LM, Arévalo MÁ, Argente J, Garcia-Segura LM, de Ceballos ML, Chowen JA. Sex Differences in Hypothalamic Changes and the Metabolic Response of TgAPP Mice to a High Fat Diet. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:910477. [PMID: 35958733 PMCID: PMC9361789 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.910477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The propensity to develop neurodegenerative diseases is influenced by diverse factors including genetic background, sex, lifestyle, including dietary habits and being overweight, and age. Indeed, with aging, there is an increased incidence of obesity and neurodegenerative processes, both of which are associated with inflammatory responses, in a sex-specific manner. High fat diet (HFD) commonly leads to obesity and markedly affects metabolism, both peripherally and centrally. Here we analyzed the metabolic and inflammatory responses of middle-aged (11–12 months old) transgenic amyloid precursor protein (TgAPP) mice of both sexes to HFD for 18 weeks (starting at 7–8 months of age). We found clear sex differences with females gaining significantly more weight and fat mass than males, with a larger increase in circulating leptin levels and expression of inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue. Glycemia and insulin levels increased in HFD fed mice of both sexes, with TgAPP mice being more affected than wild type (WT) mice. In the hypothalamus, murine amyloid β (Aβ) levels were increased by HFD intake exclusively in males, reaching statistical significance in TgAPP males. On a low fat diet (LFD), TgAPP males had significantly lower mRNA levels of the anorexigenic neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC) than WT males, with HFD intake decreasing the expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), especially in TgAPP mice. In females, HFD increased POMC mRNA levels but had no effect on AgRP or NPY mRNA levels, and with no effect on genotype. There was no effect of diet or genotype on the hypothalamic inflammatory markers analyzed or the astrogliosis marker glial acidic protein (GFAP); however, levels of the microglial marker Iba-1 increased selectively in male TgAPP mice. In summary, the response to HFD intake was significantly affected by sex, with fewer effects due to genotype. Hypothalamic inflammatory cytokine expression and astrogliosis were little affected by HFD in middle-aged mice, although in TgAPP males, which showed increased Aβ, there was microglial activation. Thus, excess intake of diets high in fat should be avoided because of its possible detrimental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Aútonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura M. Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Aútonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Arévalo
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Aútonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Garcia-Segura
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Julie A. Chowen
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Amelianchik A, Sweetland-Martin L, Norris EH. The effect of dietary fat consumption on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in mouse models. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:293. [PMID: 35869065 PMCID: PMC9307654 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal cognitive disorder with proteinaceous brain deposits, neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and extensive neuronal loss over time. AD is a multifactorial disease, and lifestyle factors, including diet, are likely associated with the development of AD pathology. Since obesity and diabetes are recognized as risk factors for AD, it might be predicted that a high-fat diet (HFD) would worsen AD pathology. However, modeling HFD-induced obesity in AD animal models has yielded inconclusive results. Some studies report a deleterious effect of HFD on Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function, while others report that HFD worsens memory without affecting AD brain pathology. Moreover, several studies report no major effect of HFD on AD-related phenotypes in mice, while other studies show that HFD might, in fact, be protective. The lack of a clear association between dietary fat consumption and AD-related pathology and cognitive function in AD mouse models might be explained by experimental variations, including AD mouse model, sex and age of the animals, composition of the HFD, and timeline of HFD consumption. In this review, we summarize recent studies that aimed at elucidating the effect of HFD-induced obesity on AD-related pathology in mice and provide an overview of the factors that may have contributed to the results reported in these studies. Based on the heterogeneity of these animal model studies and given that the human population itself is quite disparate, it is likely that people will benefit most from individualized nutritional plans based on their medical history and clinical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Amelianchik
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Sweetland-Martin
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin H Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Oblak AL, Kotredes KP, Pandey RS, Reagan AM, Ingraham C, Perkins B, Lloyd C, Baker D, Lin PB, Soni DM, Tsai AP, Persohn SA, Bedwell AA, Eldridge K, Speedy R, Meyer JA, Peters JS, Figueiredo LL, Sasner M, Territo PR, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Carter GW, Lamb BT, Howell GR. Plcg2M28L Interacts With High Fat/High Sugar Diet to Accelerate Alzheimer’s Disease-Relevant Phenotypes in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:886575. [PMID: 35813947 PMCID: PMC9263289 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.886575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have supported the notion that obesity accelerates AD-related pathophysiology in mouse models of AD. The majority of studies, to date, have focused on the use of early-onset AD models. Here, we evaluate the impact of genetic risk factors on late-onset AD (LOAD) in mice fed with a high fat/high sugar diet (HFD). We focused on three mouse models created through the IU/JAX/PITT MODEL-AD Center. These included a combined risk model with APOE4 and a variant in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2R47H). We have termed this model, LOAD1. Additional variants including the M28L variant in phospholipase C Gamma 2 (Plcg2M28L) and the 677C > T variant in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr677C >T) were engineered by CRISPR onto LOAD1 to generate LOAD1.Plcg2M28L and LOAD1.Mthfr677C >T. At 2 months of age, animals were placed on an HFD that induces obesity or a control diet (CD), until 12 months of age. Throughout the study, blood was collected to assess the levels of cholesterol and glucose. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was completed prior to sacrifice to image for glucose utilization and brain perfusion. After the completion of the study, blood and brains were collected for analysis. As expected, animals fed a HFD, showed a significant increase in body weight compared to those fed a CD. Glucose increased as a function of HFD in females only with cholesterol increasing in both sexes. Interestingly, LOAD1.Plcg2M28L demonstrated an increase in microglia density and alterations in regional brain glucose and perfusion on HFD. These changes were not observed in LOAD1 or LOAD1.Mthfr677C >T animals fed with HFD. Furthermore, LOAD1.Plcg2M28L but not LOAD1.Mthfr677C >T or LOAD1 animals showed transcriptomics correlations with human AD modules. Our results show that HFD affects the brain in a genotype-specific manner. Further insight into this process may have significant implications for the development of lifestyle interventions for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L. Oblak
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Adrian L. Oblak,
| | | | - Ravi S. Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | - Cynthia Ingraham
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bridget Perkins
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Christopher Lloyd
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deborah Baker
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Peter B. Lin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Disha M. Soni
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andy P. Tsai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Scott A. Persohn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amanda A. Bedwell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kierra Eldridge
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rachael Speedy
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jill A. Meyer
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Johnathan S. Peters
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lucas L. Figueiredo
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Paul R. Territo
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Stacey J. Sukoff Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Gareth R. Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
- Gareth R. Howell,
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Webberley TS, Masetti G, Bevan RJ, Kerry-Smith J, Jack AA, Michael DR, Thomas S, Glymenaki M, Li J, McDonald JAK, John D, Morgan JE, Marchesi JR, Good MA, Plummer SF, Hughes TR. The Impact of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive, Pathological and Metabolic Markers in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:843105. [PMID: 35685773 PMCID: PMC9172594 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.843105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be exacerbated by aberrant metabolism. Supplementation with probiotic bacteria is emerging as a promising preventative strategy for both neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we assess the impact of the Lab4b probiotic consortium on (i) cognitive and pathological markers of AD progression and (ii) metabolic status in 3xTg-AD mice subjected to metabolic challenge with a high fat diet. The group receiving the probiotic performed better in the novel object recognition test and displayed higher hippocampal neuronal spine density than the control group at the end of the 12 weeks intervention period. These changes were accompanied by differences in localised (brain) and systemic anti-inflammatory responses that favoured the Probiotic group together with the prevention of diet induced weight gain and hypercholesterolaemia and the modulation of liver function. Compositional differences between the faecal microbiotas of the study groups included a lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and less numbers of viable yeast in the Probiotic group compared to the Control. The results illustrate the potential of the Lab4b probiotic as a neuroprotective agent and encourage further studies with human participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Webberley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Cultech Ltd., Port Talbot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ryan J Bevan
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Glymenaki
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James E Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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32
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Wang W, Tanokashira D, Shibayama Y, Tsuji R, Maruyama M, Kuroiwa C, Saito T, Saido TC, Taguchi A. Effects of high-fat diet on nutrient metabolism and cognitive functions in young APPKI NL-G-F/NL-G-F mice. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:272-280. [PMID: 35582933 PMCID: PMC9515707 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increased risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the relationship between the 2 conditions is controversial. High-fat diet (HFD) causes cognitive impairment with/without Aβ accumulation in middle-aged or aged transgenic (Tg) and knock-in (KI) AD mouse models, except for metabolic disorders, which commonly occur in all mice types. Alternatively, whether HFD in early life has an impact on nutrient metabolism and neurological phenotypes in young AD mouse models is not known. In the present study, we examined the effects of HFD on young APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice, one of the novel KI-AD mouse models. METHODS The mice were categorized by diet into 2 experimental groups, normal diet (ND) and HFD. Four-week-old wild-type (WT) and APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice were fed ND or HFD for 9 weeks. Both types of mice on ND and HFD were examined during young adulthood. RESULTS HFD caused T2DM-related metabolic disturbances in both young WT and APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice, whereas impaired thermoregulation and shortage of alternative energy sources specifically occurred in young APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice. However, HFD had no impact on the cognitive function, Aβ levels, and phosphorylation of hippocampal insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at all the 3 Ser sites in both types of mice. CONCLUSION HFD is effective in causing metabolic disturbances in young WT and APPKINL-G-F/NL-G-F mice but is ineffective in inducing neurological disorders in both types of mice, suggesting that the aging effects, along with long-term HFD, facilitate neurological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanokashira
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yudai Shibayama
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Tsuji
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Megumi Maruyama
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chiemi Kuroiwa
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Taguchi
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Fabianová K, Babeľová J, Fabian D, Popovičová A, Martončíková M, Raček A, Račeková E. Maternal High-Energy Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation Impairs Neurogenesis and Alters the Behavior of Adult Offspring in a Phenotype-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105564. [PMID: 35628378 PMCID: PMC9146615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the biggest and most costly health challenges the modern world encounters. Substantial evidence suggests that the risk of metabolic syndrome or obesity formation may be affected at a very early stage of development, in particular through fetal and/or neonatal overfeeding. Outcomes from epidemiological studies indicate that maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation has a profound impact on adult neurogenesis in the offspring. In the present study, an intergenerational dietary model employing overfeeding of experimental mice during prenatal and early postnatal development was applied to acquire mice with various body conditions. We investigated the impact of the maternal high-energy diet during pregnancy and lactation on adult neurogenesis in the olfactory neurogenic region involving the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and some behavioral tasks including memory, anxiety and nociception. Our findings show that a maternal high-energy diet administered during pregnancy and lactation modifies proliferation and differentiation, and induced degeneration of cells in the SVZ/RMS of offspring, but only in mice where extreme phenotype, such as significant overweight/adiposity or obesity is manifested. Thereafter, a maternal high-energy diet enhances anxiety-related behavior in offspring regardless of its body condition and impairs learning and memory in offspring with an extreme phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Fabianová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Janka Babeľová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Dušan Fabian
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Alexandra Popovičová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Marcela Martončíková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Adam Raček
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Enikő Račeková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (A.P.); (M.M.); (A.R.); (E.R.)
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Gannon OJ, Robison LS, Salinero AE, Abi-Ghanem C, Mansour FM, Kelly RD, Tyagi A, Brawley RR, Ogg JD, Zuloaga KL. High-fat diet exacerbates cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia in a sex-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:110. [PMID: 35568928 PMCID: PMC9107741 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 70% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have co-morbid vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID); this highly prevalent overlap of dementia subtypes is known as mixed dementia (MxD). AD is more prevalent in women, while VCID is slightly more prevalent in men. Sex differences in risk factors may contribute to sex differences in dementia subtypes. Unlike metabolically healthy women, diabetic women are more likely to develop VCID than diabetic men. Prediabetes is 3× more prevalent than diabetes and is linked to earlier onset of dementia in women, but not men. How prediabetes influences underlying pathology and cognitive outcomes across different dementia subtypes is unknown. To fill this gap in knowledge, we investigated the impact of diet-induced prediabetes and biological sex on cognitive function and neuropathology in mouse models of AD and MxD. METHODS Male and female 3xTg-AD mice received a sham (AD model) or unilateral common carotid artery occlusion surgery to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (MxD model). Mice were fed a control or high fat (HF; 60% fat) diet from 3 to 7 months of age. In both sexes, HF diet elicited a prediabetic phenotype (impaired glucose tolerance) and weight gain. RESULTS In females, but not males, metabolic consequences of a HF diet were more severe in AD or MxD mice compared to WT. In both sexes, HF-fed AD or MxD mice displayed deficits in spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). In females, but not males, HF-fed AD and MxD mice also displayed impaired spatial learning in the MWM. In females, but not males, AD or MxD caused deficits in activities of daily living, regardless of diet. Astrogliosis was more severe in AD and MxD females compared to males. Further, AD/MxD females had more amyloid beta plaques and hippocampal levels of insoluble amyloid beta 40 and 42 than AD/MxD males. In females, but not males, more severe glucose intolerance (prediabetes) was correlated with increased hippocampal microgliosis. CONCLUSIONS High-fat diet had a wider array of metabolic, cognitive, and neuropathological consequences in AD and MxD females compared to males. These findings shed light on potential underlying mechanisms by which prediabetes may lead to earlier dementia onset in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Gannon
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Lisa S. Robison
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA ,grid.261241.20000 0001 2168 8324Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA ,grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Abigail E. Salinero
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Febronia M. Mansour
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Richard D. Kelly
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Alvira Tyagi
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Rebekah R. Brawley
- grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Jordan D. Ogg
- grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Kristen L. Zuloaga
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
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35
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Nafady MH, Sayed ZS, Abdelkawy DA, Shebl ME, Elsayed RA, Ashraf GM, Perveen A, Attia MS, Bahbah EI. The Effect of Gut Microbe Dysbiosis on the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related conditions. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:274-284. [PMID: 35440296 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220419101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the shift in gut microbiota composition, known as gut microbe dysbiosis, may be correlated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common cause of dementia characterized by a gradual deterioration in cognitive function associated with the development of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. The gut microbiota dysbiosis induces the release of significant amounts of amyloids, lipopolysaccharides, and neurotoxins, which might play a role in modulating signaling pathways and immune activation, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines related to the pathogenesis of AD. The dysbiosis of gut microbe is associated with various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and some neuropsychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress. It is conceivable that these diseases trigger the onset of AD. Thus, modifying the gut microbiota composition with probiotic and prebiotic supplementation can reduce depression and anxiety symptoms, lower stress reactivity, and improve memory. This narrative review aimed to examine the possible role of gut microbe dysbiosis in AD's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Nafady
- Radiological Imaging Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr university for science and technology (MUST), Cairo, Egypt.,Radiation Science Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zeinab S Sayed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science (AMS), Misr university for science and technology (MUST), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Abdelkawy
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science (AMS), Misr university for science and technology (MUST), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Shebl
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science (AMS), Misr university for science and technology (MUST), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem A Elsayed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science (AMS), Misr university for science and technology (MUST), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eshak I Bahbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.,Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Cairo, Egypt.,SevoClin Research Group, Cairo, Egypt
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Park SK, Lee HL, Kang JY, Kim JM, Heo HJ. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) sprout prevents high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment by improving mitochondrial function. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6213. [PMID: 35418581 PMCID: PMC9008020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the improvement effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) sprout (EFPS) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive deficits in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were randomly divided four groups (n = 13) as control (normal chow), HFD, EFPS 20 (20 mg/kg of body weight; intragastric administration) and EFPS 50 (50 mg/kg of body weight; intragastric administration) groups. HFD was provide for 15 weeks excepting control group. EFPS ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in Y-maze, passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. EFPS significantly improved glucose tolerance and serum lipid profile, and reduced body weight. EFPS ameliorated oxidative stress by regulating MDA levels and SOD activity in liver and brain tissues. In addition, EFPS restored brain mitochondrial dysfunction related to energy metabolism. Moreover, the bioactive compounds of EFPS were identified as di-caffeic acid, caffeic acid, dihydrokaempferol-hexoside, di-p-coumaroyl tartaric acid isomer and group B soyasaponins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry. These results show that EFPS can improve cognitive functions in HFD-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Cheng D, Yang S, Zhao X, Wang G. The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) in Diabetes-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:665-684. [PMID: 35340338 PMCID: PMC8943601 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s348055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical guidelines have emphasized the importance of screening for cognitive impairment in older adults with diabetes, however, there is still a lack of understanding about the drug therapy. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and potential applications may include the treatment of obesity as well as the adjunctive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in combination with insulin. Growing evidence suggests that GLP-1 RA has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in diabetes-related Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 RA in diabetes-related degenerative diseases, including AD and PD, and their potential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihe Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Plucińska K, Mody N, Dekeryte R, Shearer K, Mcilroy GD, Delibegovic M, Platt B. High-fat diet exacerbates cognitive and metabolic abnormalities in neuronal BACE1 knock-in mice - partial prevention by Fenretinide. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:719-736. [PMID: 32862802 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1806190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a rate-limiting step in β-amyloid (Aβ) production in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, but recent evidence suggests that BACE1 is also involved in metabolic regulation. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of highfat diet (HFD) on metabolic and cognitive phenotypes in the diabetic BACE1 knock-in mice (PLB4) and WT controls; we additionally examined whether these phenotypes can be normalized with a synthetic retinoid (Fenretinide, Fen) targeting weight loss.Methods: Five-month old male WT and PLB4 mice were fed either (1) control chow diet, (2) 45%-saturated fat diet (HFD), (3) HFD with 0.04% Fen (HFD + Fen) or (4) control chow diet with 0.04% Fen (Fen) for 10 weeks. We assessed basic metabolic parameters, circadian rhythmicity, spatial habituation (Phenotyper) and working memory (Y-maze). Hypothalami, forebrain and liver tissues were assessed using Western blots, qPCR and ELISAs.Results: HFD feeding drastically worsened metabolism and induced early mortality (-40%) in otherwise viable PLB4 mice. This was ameliorated by Fen, despite no effects on glucose intolerance. In HFD-fed WT mice, Fen reduced weight gain, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. The physiological changes induced in WT and PLB4 mice by HFD (+/-Fen) were accompanied by enhanced cerebral astrogliosis, elevated PTP1B, phopsho-eIF2α and altered hypothalamic transcription of Bace1, Pomc and Mc4r. Behaviourally, HFD feeding exacerbated spatial memory deficits in PLB4 mice, which was prevented by Fen and linked with increased full-length APP, normalized brain Aβ*56 oligomerization and astrogliosis.Conclusions: HFD induces early mortality and worsened cognition in the Alzheimer's-like BACE1 mice- partial prevention was achieved with Fenretinide, without improvements in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Plucińska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Integrative Physiology and Environmental Influences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nimesh Mody
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ruta Dekeryte
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kirsty Shearer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - George D Mcilroy
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Bettina Platt
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Xiao Y, Gong X, Deng R, Liu W, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang J, Bao J, Shu X. Iron Chelation Remits Memory Deficits Caused by the High-Fat Diet in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1959-1971. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a worldwide health problem that has been implicated in many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by two pathologies, including extracellular senior plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau. According to current research, a high-fat diet (HFD) could exacerbate Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and cognitive defects in AD mice. However, the accurate role of HFD in the pathogenesis of AD is far more unclear. Objective: To explore the accurate role of HFD in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods: Open Field, Barns Maze, Elevated zero-maze, Contextual fear condition, Tail suspension test, western blotting, immunofluorescence, Fluoro-Jade C Labeling, Perls’ Prussian blue staining, and ELISA were used. Results: HFD caused nonheme iron overload in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. Furthermore, the administration of M30 (0.5 mg/kg) for iron chelation once every 2 days per os (p.o.) for 1 month remitted memory deficits caused by HFD in APP/PS1 mice. Notably, a variety of hematological parameters in whole blood had no difference after iron chelation. In addition, iron chelation effectively reduced synaptic impairment in hippocampus and neuronal degeneration in cortex in the HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, iron chelation decreased Aβ 1–40 and Aβ 1–42 level as well as neuroinflammation in HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion: These data enhance our understanding of how HFD aggravates AD pathology and cognitive impairments and might shed light on future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xiao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokang Gong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ronghua Deng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youhua Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianzhi Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiji Shu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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40
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Lin DT, Kao NJ, Cross TWL, Lee WJ, Lin SH. nEffects of ketogenic diet on cognitive functions of mice fed high-fat-high-cholesterol diet. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ceyzériat K, Tournier BB, Millet P, Dipasquale G, Koutsouvelis N, Frisoni GB, Garibotto V, Zilli T. Low-Dose Radiation Therapy Reduces Amyloid Load in Young 3xTg-AD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:641-653. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) has been shown to decrease amyloidosis or inflammation in systemic diseases and has recently been proposed as possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A positive effect of LD-RT on tauopathy, the other marker of AD, has also been suggested. These effects have been shown in preclinical studies, but their mechanisms are still not well understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate if anti-amyloid and anti-inflammatory effects of LD-RT can be observed at an early stage of the disease. Its impact on tauopathy and behavioral alterations was also investigated. Methods: The whole brain of 12-month-old 3xTg-AD mice was irradiated with 10 Gy in 5 daily fractions of 2 Gy. Mice underwent behavioral tests before and 8 weeks post treatment. Amyloid load, tauopathy, and neuroinflammation were measured using histology and/or ELISA. Results: Compared with wild-type animals, 3xTg-AD mice showed a moderate amyloid and tau pathology restricted to the hippocampus, a glial reactivity restricted to the proximity of amyloid plaques. LD-RT significantly reduced Aβ 42 aggregated forms (–71%) in the hippocampus and tended to reduce other forms in the hippocampus and frontal cortex but did not affect tauopathy or cognitive performance. A trend for neuroinflammation markers reduction was also observed. Conclusion: When applied at an early stage, LD-RT reduced amyloid load and possibly neuroinflammation markers, with no impact on tauopathy. The long-term persistence of these beneficial effects of LD-RT should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ceyzériat
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B. Tournier
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Dipasquale
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouvelis
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, and LANVIE, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sharma N, Tan MA, An SSA. Phytosterols: Potential Metabolic Modulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212255. [PMID: 34830148 PMCID: PMC8618769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols constitute a class of natural products that are an important component of diet and have vast applications in foods, cosmetics, and herbal medicines. With many and diverse isolated structures in nature, they exhibit a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. Among over 200 types of phytosterols, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were ubiquitous in many plant species, exhibiting important aspects of activities related to neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this mini-review presented an overview of the reported studies on selected phytosterols related to neurodegenerative diseases. It covered the major phytosterols based on biosynthetic considerations, including other phytosterols with significant in vitro and in vivo biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Sharma
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Mario A. Tan
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-750-8755
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Yanguas-Casás N, Torres C, Crespo-Castrillo A, Diaz-Pacheco S, Healy K, Stanton C, Chowen JA, Garcia-Segura LM, Arevalo MA, Cryan JF, de Ceballos ML. High-fat diet alters stress behavior, inflammatory parameters and gut microbiota in Tg APP mice in a sex-specific manner. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105495. [PMID: 34478848 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption commonly leads to obesity, a major health concern of western societies and a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both conditions present glial activation and inflammation and show sex differences in their incidence, clinical manifestation, and disease course. HFD intake has an important impact on gut microbiota, the bacteria present in the gut, and microbiota dysbiosis is associated with inflammation and certain mental disorders such as anxiety. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of a prolonged (18 weeks, starting at 7 months of age) HFD on male and female mice, both wild type (WT) and TgAPP mice, a model for AD, investigating the behavioral profile, gut microbiota composition and inflammatory/phagocytosis-related gene expression in hippocampus. In the open-field test, no overt differences in motor activity were observed between male and female or WT and TgAPP mice on a low-fat diet (LFD). However, HFD induced anxiety, as judged by decreased motor activity and increased time in the margins in the open-field, and a trend towards increased immobility time in the tail suspension test, with increased defecation. Intriguingly, female TgAPP mice on HFD showed less immobility and defecation compared to female WT mice on HFD. HFD induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota, resulting in reduced microbiota diversity and abundance compared with LFD fed mice, with some significant differences due to sex and little effect of genotype. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory/phagocytic markers in the hippocampus were not different between male and female WT mice, and in TgAPP mice of both sexes, some cytokines (IL-6 and IFNγ) were higher than in WT mice on LFD, more so in female TgAPP (IL-6). HFD induced few alterations in mRNA expression of inflammatory/phagocytosis-related genes in male mice, whether WT (IL-1β, MHCII), or TgAPP (IL-6). However, in female TgAPP, altered gene expression returned towards control levels following prolonged HFD (IL-6, IL-12β, TNFα, CD36, IRAK4, PYRY6). In summary, we demonstrate that HFD induces anxiogenic symptoms, marked alterations in gut microbiota, and increased expression of inflammatory genes, except for female TgAPP that appear to be resistant to the diet effects. Lifestyle interventions should be introduced to prevent AD onset or exacerbation by reducing inflammation and its associated symptoms; however, our results suggest that the eventual goal of developing prevention and treatment strategies should take sex into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yanguas-Casás
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lymphoma Research Group, Medical Oncology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres
- Dept Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | - Kiera Healy
- Dept Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Dept Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; The Madrid Institute for the advanced study of Food (IMDEA de Alimentación), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Arevalo
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - John F Cryan
- Dept Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Więckowska-Gacek A, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wydrych M, Wojda U. Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer's disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101397. [PMID: 34214643 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the holistic view of the interacting processes through which such diet may contribute to AD pathogenesis is missing. We addressed this need through extensive analysis of published studies investigating the effects of western diet (WD) on AD development in humans and laboratory animals. We reviewed WD-induced systemic alterations comprising metabolic changes, induction of obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and acceleration of systemic low-grade inflammation. Next we provide an overview of the evidence demonstrating that WD-associated systemic alterations drive impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and development of neuroinflammation paralleled by accumulation of toxic amyloid. Later these changes are followed by dysfunction of synaptic transmission, neurodegeneration and finally memory and cognitive impairment. We conclude that WD can trigger AD by acceleration of inflammaging, and that BBB impairment induced by metabolic and systemic inflammation play the central role in this process. Moreover, the concurrence of neuroinflammation and Aβ dyshomeostasis, which by reciprocal interactions drive the vicious cycle of neurodegeneration, contradicts Aβ as the primary trigger of AD. Given that in 2019 the World Health Organization recommended focusing on modifiable risk factors in AD prevention, this overview of the sequential, complex pathomechanisms initiated by WD, which can lead from peripheral disturbances to neurodegeneration, can support future prevention strategies.
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45
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Mancini G, Dias C, Lourenço CF, Laranjinha J, de Bem A, Ledo A. A High Fat/Cholesterol Diet Recapitulates Some Alzheimer's Disease-Like Features in Mice: Focus on Hippocampal Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1619-1633. [PMID: 34219714 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ample evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests mid-life hypercholesterolemia as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a later age. Hypercholesterolemia induced by dietary habits can lead to vascular perturbations that increase the risk of developing sporadic AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD) as a risk factor for AD by using a rodent model of AD and its correspondent control (healthy animals). METHODS We compared the effect of a HFCD in normal mice (non-transgenic mice, NTg) and the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTgAD). We evaluated cognitive performance in relation to changes in oxidative metabolism and neuron-derived nitric oxide (•NO) concentration dynamics in hippocampal slices as well as histochemical staining of markers of the neurovascular unit. RESULTS In NTg, the HFCD produced only moderate hypercholesterolemia but significant decline in spatial memory was observed. A tendency for decrease in •NO production was accompanied by compromised mitochondrial function with decrease in spare respiratory capacity. In 3xTgAD mice, a robust increase in plasma cholesterol levels with the HFCD did not worsen cognitive performance but did induce compromise of mitochondrial function and significantly decreased •NO production. We found increased staining of biomarkers for astrocyte endfeet and endothelial cells in 3xTgAD hippocampi, which was further increased by the HFCD. CONCLUSION A short term (8 weeks) intervention with HFCD can produce an AD-like phenotype even in the absence of overt systemic hypercholesterolemia and highlights mitochondrial dysfunction as a link between hypercholesterolemia and sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Mancini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Candida Dias
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catia F Lourenço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joao Laranjinha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreza de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ana Ledo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Phitthayaphong P, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Blockage of Fc Gamma Receptors Alleviates Neuronal and Microglial Toxicity Induced by Palmitic Acid. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1315-1332. [PMID: 34151811 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmitic acid (PA) promotes brain pathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related proteins, neuroinflammation, and microglial activation. The activation of neurons and microglia via their Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) results in producing inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of FcγRs, FcγR signaling proteins, AD-related proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, and cell viability of neurons and microglia in association with PA exposure as well as the effects of FcγR blockade on these parameters in response to PA. METHODS 200 and 400μM PA-conjugated BSA were applied to SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells for 24 h. For FcγR blockage experiment, both cells were exposed to FcγR blocker before receiving of 200 and 400μM of PA-conjugated BSA for 24 h. RESULTS PA significantly increased AD-related proteins, including Aβ and BACE1, as well as increasing TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells. However, the p-Tau/Tau ratio was only increased in SH-SY5Y cells. These results were associated with an increase in FcγRs activation and a decrease in cell viability in both cell types. FcγRs blockage diminished the activation of FcγR in SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells. Interestingly, blocking FcγRs before PA exposure reduced the increment of AD-related proteins, proinflammatory cytokines caused by PA. FcγRs blocking also inhibits cell death for 23%of SH-SY5Y cells and 64%of HMC3 cells, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PA is a risk factor for AD via the increased AD-related pathologies, inflammation, FcγRs activation, and brain cell death, while FcγR blockage can alleviate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phansa Phitthayaphong
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Mazzei G, Ikegami R, Abolhassani N, Haruyama N, Sakumi K, Saito T, Saido TC, Nakabeppu Y. A high-fat diet exacerbates the Alzheimer's disease pathology in the hippocampus of the App NL-F/NL-F knock-in mouse model. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13429. [PMID: 34245097 PMCID: PMC8373331 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus are major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and studies with transgenic mouse models of AD have provided supportive evidence with some controversies. To overcome potential artifacts derived from transgenes, we used a knock‐in mouse model, AppNL−F/NL−F, which accumulates Aβ plaques from 6 months of age and shows mild cognitive impairment at 18 months of age, without the overproduction of APP. In the present study, 6‐month‐old male AppNL−F/NL−F and wild‐type mice were fed a regular or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 months. HFD treatment caused obesity and impaired glucose tolerance (i.e., T2DM conditions) in both wild‐type and AppNL−F/NL−F mice, but only the latter animals exhibited an impaired cognitive function accompanied by marked increases in both Aβ deposition and microgliosis as well as insulin resistance in the hippocampus. Furthermore, HFD‐fed AppNL−F/NL−F mice exhibited a significant decrease in volume of the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus and an increased accumulation of 8‐oxoguanine, an oxidized guanine base, in the nuclei of granule cells. Gene expression profiling by microarrays revealed that the populations of the cell types in hippocampus were not significantly different between the two mouse lines, regardless of the diet. In addition, HFD treatment decreased the expression of the Aβ binding protein transthyretin (TTR) in AppNL−F/NL−F mice, suggesting that the depletion of TTR underlies the increased Aβ deposition in the hippocampus of HFD‐fed AppNL−F/NL−F mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guianfranco Mazzei
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ryohei Ikegami
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Nona Abolhassani
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Naoki Haruyama
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience RIKEN Center for Brain Science Saitama Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science Institute of Brain Science Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience RIKEN Center for Brain Science Saitama Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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Wild-type GBA1 increases the α-synuclein tetramer-monomer ratio, reduces lipid-rich aggregates, and attenuates motor and cognitive deficits in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103425118. [PMID: 34326260 PMCID: PMC8346893 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103425118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for brain α-synuclein (αS) dyshomeostasis, caused by Gaucher’s GBA1 mutations that increase Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk, are largely unknown. We previously showed that abrogating physiological αS tetramers by a familial PD-E46K–amplified 3K mutation produces PD-like syndrome in mice and that treatment with stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors increased a portion of the αS tetramers, benefitting the motor phenotypes. Here, we show that—similar to previous findings in GBA1-mutant PD culture—GCase elevation prolonged the stabilization of wild-type and 3K mutant αS tetramers in wtGBA1–transduced mouse brains, improving lysosomal integrity and motor and cognitive phenotypes. These data help elucidating lipid modulators that impact the αS physiological state in vivo and the development of PD therapeutic approaches. Loss-of-function mutations in acid beta-glucosidase 1 (GBA1) are among the strongest genetic risk factors for Lewy body disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (DLB). Altered lipid metabolism in PD patient–derived neurons, carrying either GBA1 or PD αS mutations, can shift the physiological α-synuclein (αS) tetramer–monomer (T:M) equilibrium toward aggregation-prone monomers. A resultant increase in pSer129+ αS monomers provides a likely building block for αS aggregates. 3K αS mice, representing a neuropathological amplification of the E46K PD–causing mutation, have decreased αS T:M ratios and vesicle-rich αS+ aggregates in neurons, accompanied by a striking PD-like motor syndrome. We asked whether enhancing glucocerebrosidase (GCase) expression could benefit αS dyshomeostasis by delivering an adeno-associated virus (AAV)–human wild-type (wt) GBA1 vector into the brains of 3K neonates. Intracerebroventricular AAV-wtGBA1 at postnatal day 1 resulted in prominent forebrain neuronal GCase expression, sustained through 6 mo. GBA1 attenuated behavioral deficits both in working memory and fine motor performance tasks. Furthermore, wtGBA1 increased αS solubility and the T:M ratio in both 3K-GBA mice and control littermates and reduced pS129+ and lipid-rich aggregates in 3K-GBA. We observed GCase distribution in more finely dispersed lysosomes, in which there was increased GCase activity, lysosomal cathepsin D and B maturation, decreased perilipin-stabilized lipid droplets, and a normalized TFEB translocation to the nucleus, all indicative of improved lysosomal function and lipid turnover. Therefore, a prolonged increase of the αS T:M ratio by elevating GCase activity reduced the lipid- and vesicle-rich aggregates and ameliorated PD-like phenotypes in mice, further supporting lipid modulating therapies in PD.
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Sharma S. High fat diet and its effects on cognitive health: alterations of neuronal and vascular components of brain. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113528. [PMID: 34260890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that intake of diets rich in saturated fats could result in development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested that intake of high fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive dysfunction. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated the impact of short and long term HFD feeding on the biochemical and behavioural alterations. This review summarizes studies and the protocols used to assess the impacts of HFD feeding on cognitive performance in rodents. Further, it discuss the key mechanisms that are altered by HFD feeding, such as, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, transcriptional dysregulation and loss of synaptic plasticity. Along with these, HFD feeding also alters the vascular components of brain such as loss of BBB integrity and reduced cerebral blood flow. It is highly possible that these factors are responsible for the development of cognitive deficits as a result of HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W2Y2, Canada.
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50
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Fung ITH, Zhang Y, Shin DS, Sankar P, Sun X, D'Souza SS, Song R, Kuentzel ML, Chittur SV, Zuloaga KL, Yang Q. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are numerically and functionally deficient in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:152. [PMID: 34229727 PMCID: PMC8261980 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune pathways in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain incompletely understood. Our recent study indicates that tissue-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) accumulate in the brain barriers of aged mice and that their activation alleviates aging-associated cognitive decline. The regulation and function of ILC2 in AD, however, remain unknown. Methods In this study, we examined the numbers and functional capability of ILC2 from the triple transgenic AD mice (3xTg-AD) and control wild-type mice. We investigated the effects of treatment with IL-5, a cytokine produced by ILC2, on the cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice. Results We demonstrate that brain-associated ILC2 are numerically and functionally defective in the triple transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD). The numbers of brain-associated ILC2 were greatly reduced in 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice of both sexes, compared to those in age- and sex-matched control wild-type mice. The remaining ILC2 in 3xTg-AD mice failed to efficiently produce the type 2 cytokine IL-5 but gained the capability to express a number of proinflammatory genes. Administration of IL-5, a cytokine produced by ILC2, transiently improved spatial recognition and learning in 3xTg-AD mice. Conclusion Our results collectively indicate that numerical and functional deficiency of ILC2 might contribute to the cognitive impairment of 3xTg-AD mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02202-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ting Hin Fung
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Damian S Shin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Poornima Sankar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Xiangwan Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Shanti S D'Souza
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Renjie Song
- Biochemistry & Immunology Core Facility at Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Marcy L Kuentzel
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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