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Estrella ML, Tarraf W, Kuwayama S, Gallo LC, Salazar CR, Stickel AM, Mattei J, Vásquez PM, Eldeirawi KM, Perreira KM, Penedo FJ, Isasi CR, Cai J, Zeng D, González HM, Daviglus ML, Lamar M. Associations of Allostatic Load with Level of and Change in Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults: The Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1047-1064. [PMID: 38758999 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Higher allostatic load (AL), a multi-system measure of physiological dysregulation considered a proxy for chronic stress exposure, is associated with poorer global cognition (GC) in older non-Hispanic white adults. However, evidence of these associations in middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults is limited. Objective To examine associations of AL with level of cognition, performance in cognition 7 years later, and change in cognition over 7 years among middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods We used data (n = 5,799, 45-74 years at baseline) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and SOL-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). The AL score comprised 16 biomarkers representing cardiometabolic, glucose, cardiopulmonary, parasympathetic, and inflammatory systems (higher scores = greater dysregulation). Cognitive outcomes included GC and individual tests of verbal learning and memory, world fluency (WF), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS), and Trail Making (Parts A & B). Survey-linear regressions assessed associations of AL with performance in cognition at baseline, 7 years later, and via 7-year cognitive change scores adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and depressive symptoms. Results Higher AL was associated with lower baseline performance in GC and WF; and lower 7-year follow-up performance in these same measures plus DSS and Trail Making Parts A & B. Higher AL was associated with more pronounced 7-year change (reduction) in GC and on WF and DSS tests. Conclusions Findings extend previous evidence in predominantly older non-Hispanic white cohorts to show that AL is related to level of and change in GC (as well as WF and DSS) among middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra L Estrella
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Healthcare Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sayaka Kuwayama
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christian R Salazar
- University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ariana M Stickel
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priscilla M Vásquez
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Science and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kamal M Eldeirawi
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frank J Penedo
- Department of Psychology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Weber S, Bühler J, Vanini G, Loukas S, Bruckmaier R, Aybek S. Identification of biopsychological trait markers in functional neurological disorders. Brain 2023; 146:2627-2641. [PMID: 36417451 PMCID: PMC10232283 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a well-known risk factor to develop a functional neurological disorder, a frequent neuropsychiatric medical condition in which patients experience a variety of disabling neurological symptoms. Only little is known about biological stress regulation, and how it interacts with predisposing biological and psychosocial risk factors. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with functional neurological disorders has been postulated, but its relationship to preceding psychological trauma and brain anatomical changes remains to be elucidated. We set out to study the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis analysing the cortisol awakening response and diurnal baseline cortisol in 86 patients with mixed functional neurological symptoms compared to 76 healthy controls. We then examined the association between cortisol regulation and the severity and duration of traumatic life events. Finally, we analysed volumetric brain alterations in brain regions particularly sensitive to psychosocial stress, acting on the assumption of the neurotoxic effect of prolonged cortisol exposure. Overall, patients had a significantly flatter cortisol awakening response (P < 0.001) and reported longer (P = 0.01) and more severe (P < 0.001) emotional neglect as compared to healthy controls. Moreover, volumes of the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus were found to be reduced in patients. Using a partial least squares correlation, we found that in patients, emotional neglect plays a role in the multivariate pattern between trauma history and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, while cortisol did not relate to reduced brain volumes. This suggests that psychological stress acts as a precipitating psychosocial risk factor, whereas a reduced brain volume rather represents a biological predisposing trait marker for the disorder. Contrarily, an inverse relationship between brain volume and cortisol was found in healthy controls, representing a potential neurotoxic effect of cortisol. These findings support the theory of reduced subcortical volumes representing a predisposing trait factor in functional neurological disorders, rather than a state effect of the illness. In summary, this study supports a stress-diathesis model for functional neurological disorders and showed an association between different attributes of trauma history and abnormalities in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Moreover, we suggest that reduced hippocampal and amygdalar volumes represent a biological 'trait marker' for functional neurological disorder patients, which might contribute to a reduced resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Weber
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janine Bühler
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Vanini
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Serafeim Loukas
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selma Aybek
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Paolillo EW, You M, Gontrum E, Saloner R, Gaynor LS, Kramer JH, Casaletto KB. Sex Differences in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Cognitive Trajectories. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:401-410. [PMID: 36509633 PMCID: PMC10468214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic stress adversely affects cognition, in part due to stress-induced inflammation. Rodent models suggest females are more resilient against stress-related cognitive dysfunction than males; however, few studies have examined this in humans. We examined sex differences in the relationship between perceived stress, cognitive functioning, and peripheral inflammation over time among cognitively normal older adults. DESIGN Longitudinal observational study. SETTING University research center. PARTICIPANTS 274 community-dwelling older adults (baseline age: M=70.7, SD=7.2; 58% women; Clinical Dementia Rating=0) who completed at least two study visits. MEASUREMENTS Neurocognitive functioning and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]) were assessed at each visit. Plasma was analyzed for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in a subset of 147 participants. Linear mixed effects models examined the interaction between average PSS (i.e., averaged within persons across visits), sex, and time on cognitive domains and on inflammatory markers. RESULTS The interaction between stress, sex, and time predicted executive functioning (β = 0.26, SE = 0.10, p = 0.01) such that higher average PSS related to steeper declines in men, but not in women. Among the 147 participants with inflammatory data, higher average PSS was associated with steeper increases in IL-6 over time in men, but not in women. CONCLUSION Consistent with animal models, results showed older men were more vulnerable to negative effects of stress on cognitive aging, with domain-specific declines in executive function. Findings also suggest systemic immunological mechanisms may underlie increased risk for cognitive decline in men with higher levels of stress. Future work is needed to examine the potential efficacy of person-specific stress interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Paolillo
- Memory and Aging Center (EWP, MY, EG, RS, LSG, JHK, KBC), Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Michelle You
- Memory and Aging Center (EWP, MY, EG, RS, LSG, JHK, KBC), Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eva Gontrum
- Memory and Aging Center (EWP, MY, EG, RS, LSG, JHK, KBC), Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rowan Saloner
- Memory and Aging Center (EWP, MY, EG, RS, LSG, JHK, KBC), Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Leslie S Gaynor
- Memory and Aging Center (EWP, MY, EG, RS, LSG, JHK, KBC), Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center (EWP, MY, EG, RS, LSG, JHK, KBC), Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center (EWP, MY, EG, RS, LSG, JHK, KBC), Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Hu X, Meier M, Pruessner J. Challenges and opportunities of diagnostic markers of Alzheimer's disease based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2925. [PMID: 36795041 PMCID: PMC10013953 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aimed to carry out a narrative literature review of early diagnostic markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on both micro and macro levels of pathology, indicating the shortcomings of current biomarkers and proposing a novel biomarker of structural integrity that associates the hippocampus and adjacent ventricle together. This could help to reduce the influence of individual variety and improve the accuracy and validity of structural biomarker. METHODS This review was based on presenting comprehensive background of early diagnostic markers of AD. We have compiled those markers into micro level and macro level, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of them. Eventually the ratio of gray matter volume to ventricle volume was put forward. RESULTS The costly methodologies and related high patient burden of "micro" biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers) hinder the implementation in routine clinical examination. In terms of "macro" biomarkers- hippocampal volume (HV), there is a large variation of it among population, which undermines its validity Considering the gray matter atrophies while the adjacent ventricular volume enlarges, we assume the hippocampal to ventricle ratio (HVR) is a more reliable marker than HV alone the emerging evidence showed hippocampal to ventricle ratio predicts memory functions better than HV alone in elderly sample. CONCLUSIONS The ratio between gray matter structures and adjacent ventricular volumes counts as a promising superior diagnostic marker of early neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maria Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jens Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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5
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Zhou R, Belge T, Wolbers T. Reaching the Goal: Superior Navigators in Late Adulthood Provide a Novel Perspective into Successful Cognitive Aging. Top Cogn Sci 2023; 15:15-45. [PMID: 35582831 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging is typically associated with declines in navigation and spatial memory abilities. However, increased interindividual variability in performance across various navigation/spatial memory tasks is also evident with advancing age. In this review paper, we shed the spotlight on those older individuals who exhibit exceptional, sometimes even youth-like navigational/spatial memory abilities. Importantly, we (1) showcase observations from existing studies that demonstrate superior navigation/spatial memory performance in late adulthood, (2) explore possible cognitive correlates and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these preserved spatial abilities, and (3) discuss the potential link between the superior navigators in late adulthood and SuperAgers (older adults with superior episodic memory). In the closing section, given the lack of studies that directly focus on this subpopulation, we highlight several important directions that future studies could look into to better understand the cognitive characteristics of older superior navigators and the factors enabling such successful cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Zhou
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Tuğçe Belge
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Thomas Wolbers
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg
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6
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Xiao D. Temporal lobe epilepsy manifests refractory recurrent abdominal visceral pain in a 7-year-old children. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2022.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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7
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Elsaid NMH, Coupé P, Saykin AJ, Wu YC. Structural connectivity mapping in human hippocampal-subfields using super-resolution hybrid diffusion imaging: a feasibility study. Neuroradiology 2022; 64:1989-2000. [PMID: 35556149 PMCID: PMC9474597 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-022-02968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of the current study was to introduce a new methodology that holds a promise to be used in hippocampus-aging studies using sub-millimeter super-resolution hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI) MRI. METHODS HYDI diffusion data were acquired in two groups of older and younger healthy participants recruited from the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and community. These data were then transformed into super-resolution diffusion images before the hippocampal subfield analyses. We studied the correlation between the subjects' age and the structural connectivity involving the hippocampal subfields and the connectivity between the whole hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. RESULTS Structural integrity derived from the tractography streamlines between the hippocampal subfields was reduced in older than younger adults. CONCLUSION The findings offered a new promising framework, and they opened avenues for future studies to explore the relationship between the structural connectivity in the hippocampal area and different types of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla M H Elsaid
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Pierrick Coupé
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LABRI, UMR5800, PICTURA, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yu-Chien Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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8
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Niu Y, Sun J, Wang B, Yang Y, Wen X, Xiang J. Trajectories of brain entropy across lifetime estimated by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4359-4369. [PMID: 35615859 PMCID: PMC9435012 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a complex system of interconnected brain regions that form functional networks with differing roles in cognition and behavior. However, the trajectories of these functional networks across development are unclear and designing a metric to track the complex trajectory of these characteristics throughout the lifespan is challenging. Here, permutation entropy (PE) was used to examine age‐related variations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects aged 6–85 from global, network, and nodal perspectives. The global PE followed an inverted U‐shaped trajectory that peaked at approximately age 40. The trajectory of the motor and somatosensory functional network was more consistent with a linear model and increased with age; other functional networks showed inverted U‐shaped trajectories that peaked between 25 and 52 years of age. All nodes showed inverted U‐shaped trajectories. Using cluster analysis, the peak ages of nodes were grouped into three clusters (at 24, 38, and 51 years). Overall, we characterized four aging trajectories: networks with a linear increase, early peak age, intermediate peak age, and older peak age. These findings suggest possible complexity in trajectories at critical age points regarding changes in related functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Niu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanli Yang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
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9
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Setton R, Sheldon S, Turner GR, Spreng RN. Temporal pole volume is associated with episodic autobiographical memory in healthy older adults. Hippocampus 2022; 32:373-385. [PMID: 35247210 PMCID: PMC8995350 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recollection of personal past events differs across the lifespan. Older individuals recall fewer episodic details and convey more semantic information than young. Here we examine how gray matter volumes in temporal lobe regions integral to episodic and semantic memory (hippocampus and temporal poles, respectively) are related to age differences in autobiographical recollection. Gray matter volumes were obtained in healthy young (n = 158) and old (n = 105) adults. The temporal pole was demarcated and hippocampus segmented into anterior and posterior regions to test for volume differences between age groups. The Autobiographical Interview was administered to measure episodic and semantic autobiographical memory. Volume associations with episodic and semantic autobiographical memory were then assessed. Brain volumes were smaller for older adults in the posterior hippocampus. Autobiographical memory was less episodic and more semanticized for older versus younger adults. Older adults also showed positive associations between temporal pole volumes and episodic autobiographical recall; in the young, temporal pole volume was positively associated with performance on standard laboratory measures of semantic memory. Exploratory analyses revealed that age-related episodic autobiographical memory associations with anterior hippocampal volumes depended on sex. These findings suggest that age differences in brain structures implicated in episodic and semantic memory may portend reorganization of neural circuits to support autobiographical memory in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Setton
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Signy Sheldon
- Departments of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Chauveau L, Kuhn E, Palix C, Felisatti F, Ourry V, de La Sayette V, Chételat G, de Flores R. Medial Temporal Lobe Subregional Atrophy in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:750154. [PMID: 34720998 PMCID: PMC8554299 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.750154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, it also occurs in typical aging. To enhance the clinical utility of this biomarker, we need to better understand the differential effects of age and AD by encompassing the full AD-continuum from cognitively unimpaired (CU) to dementia, including all MTL subregions with up-to-date approaches and using longitudinal designs to assess atrophy more sensitively. Age-related trajectories were estimated using the best-fitted polynomials in 209 CU adults (aged 19–85). Changes related to AD were investigated among amyloid-negative (Aβ−) (n = 46) and amyloid-positive (Aβ+) (n = 14) CU, Aβ+ patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 33) and AD (n = 31). Nineteen MCI-to-AD converters were also compared with 34 non-converters. Relationships with cognitive functioning were evaluated in 63 Aβ+ MCI and AD patients. All participants were followed up to 47 months. MTL subregions, namely, the anterior and posterior hippocampus (aHPC/pHPC), entorhinal cortex (ERC), Brodmann areas (BA) 35 and 36 [as perirhinal cortex (PRC) substructures], and parahippocampal cortex (PHC), were segmented from a T1-weighted MRI using a new longitudinal pipeline (LASHiS). Statistical analyses were performed using mixed models. Adult lifespan models highlighted both linear (PRC, BA35, BA36, PHC) and nonlinear (HPC, aHPC, pHPC, ERC) trajectories. Group comparisons showed reduced baseline volumes and steeper volume declines over time for most of the MTL subregions in Aβ+ MCI and AD patients compared to Aβ− CU, but no differences between Aβ− and Aβ+ CU or between Aβ+ MCI and AD patients (except in ERC). Over time, MCI-to-AD converters exhibited a greater volume decline than non-converters in HPC, aHPC, and pHPC. Most of the MTL subregions were related to episodic memory performances but not to executive functioning or speed processing. Overall, these results emphasize the benefits of studying MTL subregions to distinguish age-related changes from AD. Interestingly, MTL subregions are unequally vulnerable to aging, and those displaying non-linear age-trajectories, while not damaged in preclinical AD (Aβ+ CU), were particularly affected from the prodromal stage (Aβ+ MCI). This volume decline in hippocampal substructures might also provide information regarding the conversion from MCI to AD-dementia. All together, these findings provide new insights into MTL alterations, which are crucial for AD-biomarkers definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Chauveau
- U1237 PhIND, Inserm, Caen-Normandie University, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- U1237 PhIND, Inserm, Caen-Normandie University, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Cassandre Palix
- U1237 PhIND, Inserm, Caen-Normandie University, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | | | - Valentin Ourry
- U1237 PhIND, Inserm, Caen-Normandie University, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,U1077 NIMH, Inserm, Caen-Normandie University, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de La Sayette
- U1077 NIMH, Inserm, Caen-Normandie University, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- U1237 PhIND, Inserm, Caen-Normandie University, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Robin de Flores
- U1237 PhIND, Inserm, Caen-Normandie University, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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11
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Moog NK, Nolvi S, Kleih TS, Styner M, Gilmore JH, Rasmussen JM, Heim CM, Entringer S, Wadhwa PD, Buss C. Prospective association of maternal psychosocial stress in pregnancy with newborn hippocampal volume and implications for infant social-emotional development. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100368. [PMID: 34355050 PMCID: PMC8319845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy can impact the developing fetal brain and influence offspring mental health. In this context, animal studies have identified the hippocampus and amygdala as key brain regions of interest, however, evidence in humans is sparse. We, therefore, examined the associations between maternal prenatal psychosocial stress, newborn hippocampal and amygdala volumes, and child social-emotional development. In a sample of 86 mother-child dyads, maternal perceived stress was assessed serially in early, mid and late pregnancy. Following birth, newborn (aged 5–64 postnatal days, mean: 25.8 ± 12.9) hippocampal and amygdala volume was assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Infant social-emotional developmental milestones were assessed at 6- and 12-months age using the Bayley-III. After adjusting for covariates, maternal perceived stress during pregnancy was inversely associated with newborn left hippocampal volume (β = −0.26, p = .019), but not with right hippocampal (β = −0.170, p = .121) or bilateral amygdala volumes (ps > .5). Furthermore, newborn left hippocampal volume was positively associated with infant social-emotional development across the first year of postnatal life (B = 0.01, p = .011). Maternal perceived stress was indirectly associated with infant social-emotional development via newborn left hippocampal volume (B = −0.34, 95% CIBC [-0.97, −0.01]), suggesting mediation. This study provides prospective evidence in humans linking maternal psychosocial stress in pregnancy with newborn hippocampal volume and subsequent infant social-emotional development across the first year of life. These findings highlight the importance of maternal psychosocial state during pregnancy as a target amenable to interventions to prevent or attenuate its potentially unfavorable neural and behavioral consequences in the offspring. Maternal perceived stress predicted smaller neonatal left hippocampal volume (HCV). Neonatal left HCV was positively associated with infant social-emotional function. Variation in HCV may mediate maternal stress-related effects on child mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K Moog
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saara Nolvi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Theresa S Kleih
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Styner
- Departments of Psychiatry and Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
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12
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Babicola L, Ventura R, D'Addario SL, Ielpo D, Andolina D, Di Segni M. Long term effects of early life stress on HPA circuit in rodent models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111125. [PMID: 33333214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to environmental challenges represents a critical process for survival, requiring the complex integration of information derived from both external cues and internal signals regarding current conditions and previous experiences. The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a central role in this process inducing the activation of a neuroendocrine signaling cascade that affects the delicate balance of activity and cross-talk between areas that are involved in sensorial, emotional, and cognitive processing such as the hippocampus, amygdala, Prefrontal Cortex, Ventral Tegmental Area, and dorsal raphe. Early life stress, especially early critical experiences with caregivers, influences the functional and structural organization of these areas, affects these processes in a long-lasting manner and may result in long-term maladaptive and psychopathological outcomes, depending on the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. This review summarizes the results of studies that have modeled this early postnatal stress in rodents during the first 2 postnatal weeks, focusing on the long-term effects on molecular and structural alteration in brain areas involved in Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Moreover, a brief investigation of epigenetic mechanisms and specific genetic targets mediating the long-term effects of these early environmental manipulations and at the basis of differential neurobiological and behavioral effects during adulthood is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Babicola
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Ventura
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sebastian Luca D'Addario
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy; Behavioral Neuroscience PhD Programme, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Donald Ielpo
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy; Behavioral Neuroscience PhD Programme, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Andolina
- Dept. of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet", Sapienza University, 00184, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Segni
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Kaiser A, Reneman L, Solleveld MM, Coolen BF, Scherder EJA, Knutsson L, Bjørnerud A, van Osch MJP, Wijnen JP, Lucassen PJ, Schrantee A. A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of a 12-Week High- vs. Low-Intensity Exercise Intervention on Hippocampal Structure and Function in Healthy, Young Adults. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:780095. [PMID: 35126199 PMCID: PMC8814653 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.780095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise affects hippocampal structure and function, but the underlying neural mechanisms and the effects of exercise intensity remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we undertook a comprehensive, multi-modal 3T and 7T MRI randomized controlled trial (Netherlands Trial Register - NL5847) in which we randomized 52 young, non-athletic volunteers to a 12-week low- or high-intensity exercise program. Using state-of-the-art methods, we investigated changes in hippocampal volume, as well as changes in vasculature, neuro-metabolites, and peripheral growth factors as potential underpinnings. Cardiorespiratory fitness improved over time (p < 0.001), but no interaction with exercise intensity was found (p = 0.48). Accordingly, we did not observe significant interactions between exercise condition and time on MRI measures (all p > 0.06). However, we found a significant decrease in right hippocampal volume (p < 0.01), an increase in left hippocampal glutathione (p < 0.01), and a decrease of left hippocampal cerebral blood volume (p = 0.01) over time, regardless of exercise condition. Additional exploratory analyses showed that changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p = 0.01), insulin-like growth-factor (p = 0.03), and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex N-acetyl-aspartate levels (p = 0.01) were positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness changes. Furthermore, a trend toward a positive association of fitness and gray-matter cerebral blood flow (p = 0.06) was found. Our results do not provide evidence for differential effects between high-intensity (aerobic) and low-intensity (toning) exercise on hippocampal structure and function in young adults. However, we show small but significant effects of exercise on hippocampal volume, neurometabolism and vasculature across exercise conditions. Moreover, our exploratory results suggest that exercise might not specifically only benefit hippocampal structure and function, but rather has a more widespread effect. These findings suggest that, in agreement with previous MRI studies demonstrating moderate to strong effects in elderly and diseased populations, but none to only mild effects in young healthy cohorts, the benefits of exercise on the studied brain measures may be age-dependent and restorative rather than stimulatory. Our study highlights the importance of a multi-modal, whole-brain approach to assess macroscopic and microscopic changes underlying exercise-induced brain changes, to better understand the role of exercise as a potential non-pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kaiser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michelle M Solleveld
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram F Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik J A Scherder
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Nyberg L, Boraxbekk CJ, Sörman DE, Hansson P, Herlitz A, Kauppi K, Ljungberg JK, Lövheim H, Lundquist A, Adolfsson AN, Oudin A, Pudas S, Rönnlund M, Stiernstedt M, Sundström A, Adolfsson R. Biological and environmental predictors of heterogeneity in neurocognitive ageing: Evidence from Betula and other longitudinal studies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101184. [PMID: 32992046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in cognitive performance increase with advancing age, reflecting marked cognitive changes in some individuals along with little or no change in others. Genetic and lifestyle factors are assumed to influence cognitive performance in ageing by affecting the magnitude and extent of age-related brain changes (i.e., brain maintenance or atrophy), as well as the ability to recruit compensatory processes. The purpose of this review is to present findings from the Betula study and other longitudinal studies, with a focus on clarifying the role of key biological and environmental factors assumed to underlie individual differences in brain and cognitive ageing. We discuss the vital importance of sampling, analytic methods, consideration of non-ignorable dropout, and related issues for valid conclusions on factors that influence healthy neurocognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Eriksson Sörman
- Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Hansson
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agneta Herlitz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica K Ljungberg
- Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Oudin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Environment Society and Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University
| | - Sara Pudas
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Stiernstedt
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Sundström
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Ávila-Villanueva M, Gómez-Ramírez J, Maestú F, Venero C, Ávila J, Fernández-Blázquez MA. The Role of Chronic Stress as a Trigger for the Alzheimer Disease Continuum. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:561504. [PMID: 33192456 PMCID: PMC7642953 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.561504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ávila-Villanueva
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sofía Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Ramírez
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sofía Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Venero
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Fernández-Blázquez
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sofía Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Fraser MA, Walsh EI, Shaw ME, Abhayaratna WP, Anstey KJ, Sachdev PS, Cherbuin N. Longitudinal trajectories of hippocampal volume in middle to older age community dwelling individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:97-105. [PMID: 33190123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding heterogeneity in brain aging trajectories is important to estimate the extent to which aging outcomes can be optimized. Although brain changes in late life are well-characterized, brain changes in middle age are not well understood. In this study, we investigated hippocampal change in a generally healthy community-living population of middle (n = 421, mean age 47.2 years) and older age (n = 411, mean age 63.0 years) individuals, over a follow-up of up to 12 years. Manually traced hippocampal volumes were analyzed using multilevel models and latent class analysis to investigate longitudinal aging trajectories and laterality and sex effects, and to identify subgroups that follow different aging trajectories. Hippocampal volumes decreased on average by 0.18%/year in middle age and 0.3%/year in older age. Men tended to experience steeper declines than women in middle age only. Three subgroups of individuals following different trajectories were identified in middle age and 2 in older age. Contrary to expectations, the subgroup containing two-thirds of older age participants maintained stable hippocampal volumes across the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fraser
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Erin I Walsh
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Population Health Exchange, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Marnie E Shaw
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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17
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Van Assche L, Emsell L, Claes L, Van de Ven L, Luyten P, Van den Stock J, De Winter FL, Bouckaert F, Vandenbulcke M. Hippocampal volume as a vulnerability marker for late onset psychosis: Associations with memory function and childhood trauma. Schizophr Res 2020; 224:201-202. [PMID: 32819758 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lies Van Assche
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Louise Emsell
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lene Claes
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van de Ven
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Jan Van den Stock
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François-Laurent De Winter
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Haast RAM, Lau JC, Ivanov D, Menon RS, Uludağ K, Khan AR. Effects of MP2RAGE B 1+ sensitivity on inter-site T 1 reproducibility and hippocampal morphometry at 7T. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117373. [PMID: 32949709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neuroanatomical studies are based on T1-weighted MR images, whose intensity profiles are not solely determined by the tissue's longitudinal relaxation times (T1), but also affected by varying non-T1 contributions, hampering data reproducibility. In contrast, quantitative imaging using the MP2RAGE sequence, for example, allows direct characterization of the brain based on the tissue property of interest. Combined with 7 Tesla (7T) MRI, this offers unique opportunities to obtain robust high-resolution brain data characterized by a high reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity. However, specific MP2RAGE parameter choices - e.g., to emphasize intracortical myelin-dependent contrast variations - can substantially impact image quality and cortical analyses through remnants of B1+-related intensity variations, as illustrated in our previous work. To follow up on this: we (1) validate this protocol effect using a dataset acquired with a particularly B1+ insensitive set of MP2RAGE parameters combined with parallel transmission excitation; and (2) extend our analyses to evaluate the effects on hippocampal morphometry. The latter remained unexplored initially, but can provide important insights related to generalizability and reproducibility of neurodegenerative research using 7T MRI. We confirm that B1+ inhomogeneities have a considerably variable effect on cortical T1 estimates, as well as on hippocampal morphometry depending on the MP2RAGE setup. While T1 differed substantially across datasets initially, we show the inter-site T1 comparability improves after correcting for the spatially varying B1+ field using a separately acquired Sa2RAGE B1+ map. Finally, removal of B1+ residuals affects hippocampal volumetry and boundary definitions, particularly near structures characterized by strong intensity changes (e.g. cerebral spinal fluid). Taken together, we show that the choice of MP2RAGE parameters can impact T1 comparability across sites and present evidence that hippocampal segmentation results are modulated by B1+ inhomogeneities. This calls for careful (1) consideration of sequence parameters when setting acquisition protocols, as well as (2) acquisition of a B1+ map to correct MP2RAGE data for potential B1+ variations to allow comparison across datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A M Haast
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Jonathan C Lau
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Dimo Ivanov
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- IBS Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro, 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, N Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro, 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, South Korea; Techna Institute and Koerner Scientist in MR Imaging, University Health Network, 100 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada
| | - Ali R Khan
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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19
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Delgado-González JC, de la Rosa-Prieto C, Tarruella-Hernández DL, Vallejo-Calcerrada N, Cebada-Sánchez S, Insausti R, Artacho-Pérula E. Neuronal volume of the hippocampal regions in ageing. J Anat 2020; 237:301-310. [PMID: 32314379 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation (HF) has an important role in different human capacities, such as memory processing and emotional expression. Both extensive changes and limited variations of its components can cause clinically expressed dysfunctions. Although there remains no effective treatment for diseases caused by pathological changes in this brain region, detection of these changes, even minimally, could allow us to develop early interventions and establish corrective measures. This study analysed the neuronal islands of layer II of the entorhinal cortex (EC), the neuronal clumps of the external principal layer of the presubiculum (PrS) and the dentate granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG), which represent the prominent structural regions within the HF circuit. Subjects from two age groups (younger or older than 65 years) were studied and their neuronal size assessed by the point-sampled intercepts stereological method. The quantitative v ¯ v ( s o m a ) estimate was a volume of roughly 8,500 µm3 for EC layer II neurons, and DG granule neurons and presubicular neurons were five and 10 times smaller, respectively. The older age group showed a v ¯ v ( s o m a ) increase of 2%, 18% and 28% with respect to the younger group in the PrS, DG and EC regions, respectively. None of these regions showed interhemispheric differences. This quantitative estimation is relevant because the observed variance in the v ¯ v ( s o m a ) estimates suggests that biological variation is the main contributory factor, with intercepts and measurements having a smaller impact. Therefore, we suggest that age has a limited influence on neuronal volume variation in these HF regions, which needs to be compared with similar measurements in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos de la Rosa-Prieto
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Vallejo-Calcerrada
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Emilio Artacho-Pérula
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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20
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Pichet Binette A, Gonneaud J, Vogel JW, La Joie R, Rosa-Neto P, Collins DL, Poirier J, Breitner JCS, Villeneuve S, Vachon-Presseau E. Morphometric network differences in ageing versus Alzheimer's disease dementia. Brain 2020; 143:635-649. [PMID: 32040564 PMCID: PMC7009528 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age being the main risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, it is particularly challenging to disentangle structural changes related to normal brain ageing from those specific to Alzheimer's disease. Most studies aiming to make this distinction focused on older adults only and on a priori anatomical regions. Drawing on a large, multi-cohort dataset ranging from young adults (n = 468; age range 18-35 years), to older adults with intact cognition (n = 431; age range 55-90 years) and with Alzheimer's disease (n = 50 with late mild cognitive impairment and 71 with Alzheimer's dementia, age range 56-88 years), we investigated grey matter organization and volume differences in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Using independent component analysis on all participants' structural MRI, we first derived morphometric networks and extracted grey matter volume in each network. We also derived a measure of whole-brain grey matter pattern organization by correlating grey matter volume in all networks across all participants from the same cohort. We used logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic analyses to evaluate how well grey matter volume in each network and whole-brain pattern could discriminate between ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Because increased heterogeneity is often reported as one of the main features characterizing brain ageing, we also evaluated interindividual heterogeneity within morphometric networks and across the whole-brain organization in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, to investigate the clinical validity of the different grey matter features, we evaluated whether grey matter volume or whole-brain pattern was related to clinical progression in cognitively normal older adults. Ageing and Alzheimer's disease contributed additive effects on grey matter volume in nearly all networks, except frontal lobe networks, where differences in grey matter were more specific to ageing. While no networks specifically discriminated Alzheimer's disease from ageing, heterogeneity in grey matter volumes across morphometric networks and in the whole-brain grey matter pattern characterized individuals with cognitive impairments. Preservation of the whole-brain grey matter pattern was also related to lower risk of developing cognitive impairment, more so than grey matter volume. These results suggest both ageing and Alzheimer's disease involve widespread atrophy, but that the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease is uniquely associated with disruption of morphometric organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Pichet Binette
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 1Y2, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Qc, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 1Y2, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Qc, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 1Y2, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - John C S Breitner
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 1Y2, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 1Y2, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Qc, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Etienne Vachon-Presseau
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 1G1, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 1G1, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain (AECRP), McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 1G1, Canada
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21
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Hippocampal viscoelasticity and episodic memory performance in healthy older adults examined with magnetic resonance elastography. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:175-185. [PMID: 30382528 PMCID: PMC7007890 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory is particularly sensitive to normative aging; however, studies investigating the structure-function relationships that support episodic memory have primarily been limited to gross volumetric measures of brain tissue health. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging non-invasive, high-resolution imaging technique that uniquely quantifies brain viscoelasticity, and as such, provides a more specific measure of neural microstructural integrity. Recently, a significant double dissociation between orbitofrontal cortex-fluid intelligence and hippocampal-relational memory structure-function relationships was observed in young adults, highlighting the potential of sensitive MRE measures for studying brain health and its relation to cognitive function. However, the structure-function relationship observed by MRE has not yet been explored in healthy older adults. In this study, we examined the relationship between hippocampal (HC) viscoelasticity and episodic memory in cognitively healthy adults aged 66-73 years (N = 11), as measured with the verbal-paired associates (VPA) subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R). Given the particular dependence of verbal memory tasks on the left HC, unilateral HC MRE measurements were considered for the first time. A significant negative correlation was found between left HC damping ratio, ξ and VPA recall score (rs = -0.77, p = 0.009), which is consistent with previous findings of a relationship between HC ξ and memory performance in young adults. Conversely, correlations between right HC ξ with VPA recall score were not significant. These results highlight the utility of MRE to study cognitive decline and brain aging and suggest its possible use as a sensitive imaging biomarker for memory-related impairments.
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22
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De Marco M, Ourselin S, Venneri A. Age and hippocampal volume predict distinct parts of default mode network activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16075. [PMID: 31690806 PMCID: PMC6831650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Group comparison studies have established that activity in the posterior part of the default-mode network (DMN) is down-regulated by both normal ageing and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study linear regression models were used to disentangle distinctive DMN activity patterns that are more profoundly associated with either normal ageing or a structural marker of neurodegeneration. 312 datasets inclusive of healthy adults and patients were analysed. Days of life at scan (DOL) and hippocampal volume were used as predictors. Group comparisons confirmed a significant association between functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex and precuneus and both ageing and AD. Fully-corrected regression models revealed that DOL significantly predicted DMN strength in these regions. No such effect, however, was predicted by hippocampal volume. A significant positive association was found between hippocampal volumes and DMN connectivity in the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). These results indicate that postero-medial DMN down-regulation may not be specific to neurodegenerative processes but may be more an indication of brain vulnerability to degeneration. The DMN-TPJ disconnection is instead linked to the volumetric properties of the hippocampus, may reflect early-stage regional accumulation of pathology and might be of aid in the clinical detection of abnormal ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo De Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Department of Imaging and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, London, UK
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK.
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23
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Laroy M, Weydts J, Vansteelandt K, Emsell L, Adamson C, Sienaert P, Dols A, Rhebergen D, Stek M, Vandenbulcke M, Bouckaert F. Cortisol is not associated with pre-treatment medial temporal lobe volume or volume changes after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with late-life depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 291:26-33. [PMID: 31421610 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that late-life depression is associated with reduced hippocampal volume and that cortisol might be related to this volumetric reduction. We explored whether cortisol awaking response (CAR), which is the increase in cortisol after awakening, was associated with volumetric changes in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 41 patients (age ≥ 55) treated for major depressive disorder (MDD) with ECT. Cortisol was measured before the start of the ECT treatment and was related to MTL volumes derived from structural T1-weighted images. The study assessed associations between CAR and pre-treatment MTL volumes, and CAR and ECT-induced MTL volumetric changes. There were no significant correlations found between CAR, operationalized as Area Under the Curve with respect to ground (AUCg) and Area Under the Curve with respect to increase (AUCi), and pre-treatment MTL volumes. Neither was there an association between AUCg or AUCi and the ECT-induced changes in MTL volumes after correction for multiple comparisons. Finally, neither AUCg or AUCi were able to predict ECT-induced volumetric changes in the MTL. Hence, we conclude that CAR is unrelated to pre-treatment hippocampus and amygdala volumes, and to the volumetric changes in the aforementioned areas following ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Laroy
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Justien Weydts
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Kristof Vansteelandt
- Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Louise Emsell
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium; Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher Adamson
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Stek
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
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24
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Schoemaker D, Buss C, Pietrantonio S, Maunder L, Freiesleben SD, Hartmann J, Collins DL, Lupien S, Pruessner JC. The hippocampal-to-ventricle ratio (HVR): Presentation of a manual segmentation protocol and preliminary evidence. Neuroimage 2019; 203:116108. [PMID: 31472249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Disentangling age-related changes from developmental variations in hippocampal volume has proven challenging. This article presents a manual segmentation protocol for the hippocampal-to-ventricle ratio (HVR), a measure combining the assessment of hippocampal volume with surrounding ventricular volume. By providing in a single measure both a standard volumetric assessment of the hippocampus and an approximation of volume loss, based on ventricular enlargement, we believe the HVR provides a superior cross-sectional estimation of hippocampal structural integrity. In a first attempt to validate this measure, we contrasted the HVR and standard hippocampal volume in their associations with age and memory performance in two independent cohorts of healthy aging individuals. The first cohort consisted in 50 cognitively normal subjects (mean age: 66.8 years, SD: 4.96, range: 60-75 years), while the second cohort included 88 cognitively normal subjects (mean age: 65.06 years, SD: 6.42, range: 55-80 years). We showed that the manual segmentation protocol for the HVR can be implemented with high reliability. In both cohorts, the HVR showed stronger negative associations with age than standard hippocampal volume. Correlations with memory performance were also numerically superior with the HVR than standard hippocampal volume, across the two cohorts. These findings support an added benefit of using the HVR over standard hippocampal volume when examining relationships with age or memory function in aging individuals. Although further validation is required, we propose that the computation of the HVR is a promising method to improve the evaluation of hippocampal integrity from cross-sectional MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Schoemaker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; McGill Centre for Studies in Aging & Douglas Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Psychology, Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Pietrantonio
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging & Douglas Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Larah Maunder
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging & Douglas Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Johanna Hartmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Constance, Constance, Germany
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging & Douglas Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Constance, Constance, Germany.
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25
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Shaked D, Millman ZB, Moody DLB, Rosenberger WF, Shao H, Katzel LI, Davatzikos C, Gullapalli RP, Seliger SL, Erus G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Sociodemographic disparities in corticolimbic structures. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216338. [PMID: 31071128 PMCID: PMC6508895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to examine the interactive relations of socioeconomic status and race to corticolimbic regions that may play a key role in translating stress to the poor health outcomes overrepresented among those of lower socioeconomic status and African American race. Participants were 200 community-dwelling, self-identified African American and White adults from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span SCAN study. Brain volumes were derived using T1-weighted MP-RAGE images. Socioeconomic status by race interactions were observed for right medial prefrontal cortex (B = .26, p = .014), left medial prefrontal cortex (B = .26, p = .017), left orbital prefrontal cortex (B = .22, p = .037), and left anterior cingulate cortex (B = .27, p = .018), wherein higher socioeconomic status Whites had greater volumes than all other groups. Additionally, higher versus lower socioeconomic status persons had greater right and left hippocampal (B = -.15, p = .030; B = -.19, p = .004, respectively) and amygdalar (B = -.17, p = .015; B = -.21; p = .002, respectively) volumes. Whites had greater right and left hippocampal (B = -.17, p = .012; B = -.20, p = .003, respectively), right orbital prefrontal cortex (B = -.34, p < 0.001), and right anterior cingulate cortex (B = -.18, p = 0.011) volumes than African Americans. Among many factors, the higher levels of lifetime chronic stress associated with lower socioeconomic status and African American race may adversely affect corticolimbic circuitry. These relations may help explain race- and socioeconomic status-related disparities in adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Shaked
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zachary B. Millman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danielle L. Beatty Moody
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William F. Rosenberger
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Leslie I. Katzel
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rao P. Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen L. Seliger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guray Erus
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shari R. Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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26
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Pudas S, Josefsson M, Rieckmann A, Nyberg L. Longitudinal Evidence for Increased Functional Response in Frontal Cortex for Older Adults with Hippocampal Atrophy and Memory Decline. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:936-948. [PMID: 28119343 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the frontal cortex is dynamic. Age-related increases in frontal functional responses have been shown during various cognitive tasks, but the cross-sectional nature of most past studies makes it unclear whether these increases reflect reorganization or stable individual differences. Here, we followed 130 older individuals' cognitive trajectories over 20-25 years with repeated neuropsychological assessments every 5th year, and identified individuals with stable or declining episodic memory. Both groups displayed significant gray matter atrophy over 2 successive magnetic resonance imaging sessions 4 years apart, but the decline group also had a smaller volume of the right hippocampus. Only individuals with declining memory demonstrated increased prefrontal functional responses during memory encoding and retrieval over the 4-year interval. Regions with increased functional recruitment were located outside, or on the borders of core task-related networks, indicating an expansion of these over time. These longitudinal findings offer novel insight into the mechanisms behind age-associated memory loss, and are consistent with a theoretical model in which hippocampus atrophy, past a critical threshold, induces episodic-memory decline and altered prefrontal functional organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research at Umeå University (CEDAR), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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27
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Bernstein EE, McNally RJ. Examining the Effects of Exercise on Pattern Separation and the Moderating Effects of Mood Symptoms. Behav Ther 2019; 50:582-593. [PMID: 31030875 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise has broad cognitive benefits. One target of interest is enhanced memory. The present study explored pattern separation as a specific memory process that could be sensitive to acute and regular exercise and clinically significant for disorders (e.g., depression) characterized by cognitive-affective deficits and hippocampal impairment. In a within-subjects design, participants (N = 69) attended two visits during which they repeated a behavioral pattern separation task at rest and after an activity (cycling, stretching). Regular exercise habits, demographics, mood and anxiety symptoms, and recognition memory capacity were also measured. More regular exercise predicted better resting pattern separation, t(62) = 2.13, b = 1.74, p = .037. Age moderated this effect, t(61) = 2.35, b = .25, p = .02; exercise most strongly predicted performance among middle-age participants. There was no main effect of activity condition on post-activity performance, t(61) = .67, p = .51. However, with significant heterogeneity in reported mood symptoms and regular exercise habits, there was a three-way interaction between condition, regular exercise, and depression, t(55) = 2.08, b = .22, p = .04. Relative to stretching, cycling appears to have enhanced the benefit of regular exercise for pattern separation performance; however, this was evident among participants with mild to no symptoms of depression, but absent among participants with moderate to severe symptoms. Results have implications for how exercise might protect against declines in pattern separation. Future research should explore exercise's potential as a prevention tool or early intervention for pattern separation and related clinical outcomes.
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28
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Humphreys KL, King LS, Sacchet MD, Camacho MC, Colich NL, Ordaz SJ, Ho TC, Gotlib IH. Evidence for a sensitive period in the effects of early life stress on hippocampal volume. Dev Sci 2019; 22:e12775. [PMID: 30471167 PMCID: PMC6469988 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stress has been causally linked to changes in hippocampal volume (HV). Given that the hippocampus undergoes rapid changes in the first years of life, stressful experiences during this period may be particularly important in understanding individual differences in the development of the hippocampus. One hundred seventy-eight early adolescents (ages 9-13 years; 43% male) were interviewed regarding exposure to and age of onset of experiences of stress; the severity of each stressful event was rated by an objective panel. All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging, from which HVs were automatically segmented. Without considering the age of onset for stressful experiences, there was a small but statistically significant negative association of stress severity with bilateral HV. When considering the age of onset, there was a moderate and significant negative association between stress severity during early childhood (through 5 years of age) and HV; there was no association between stress severity during later childhood (age 6 years and older) and HV. We provide evidence of a sensitive period through 5 years of age for the effects of life stress on HV in adolescence. It will be important in future research to elucidate how reduced HV stemming from early life stress may contribute to stress-related health outcomes.
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29
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Social Network Position Moderates the Relationship between Late-life Depressive Symptoms and Memory Differently in Men and Women. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6142. [PMID: 30992479 PMCID: PMC6467864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression has been considered to be associated with memory deficits and hippocampal volume reduction. Considering that not all depression patients undergo the same amount of cognitive impairment or regional brain volume loss, moderating factors such as complex mental activity and social activity have been examined to assess whether these factors attenuate the detrimental impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive function and regional brain volume. However, the premise that a cognitively stimulating experience may modify the association between depressive symptoms and memory or hippocampal volume has not been investigated using social network data, which would reflect individuals' concrete characteristic of everyday social activity. In a social network, a brokerage position which connects two otherwise unconnected others demands mental and physical efforts. Using complete social network data in an entire village in South Korea, we examined whether opportunities for brokerage in social networks alter the negative association between depressive symptoms and episodic memory function or hippocampal volume in older adults. Initially, 125 participants were included in the analysis involving episodic memory function. Then, of which 65 participants completed the MRI scan, and were included in the subsequent analysis containing the hippocampal volume. Furthermore, we investigated the gender-specific effect of brokerage based on the previously reported gender difference in the effect of social networks. We found a gender-specific moderating effect of brokerage. For men, a large opportunity for brokerage weakened the negative association between depressive symptoms and memory performance and left hippocampal volume. In contrast, women showed that a large opportunity for brokerage was not beneficial for assuaging the impact of depressive symptoms on memory performance and hippocampal volume. In women, the opportunity for brokerage was positively associated with the detrimental impact of depressive symptoms on memory performance and hippocampal volume. Our findings suggest that occupying a bridging position in a social network may minimize the impact of depressive symptoms on memory function and hippocampal volume among older men, whereas the opposite holds true for older women.
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Lupien SJ, Juster RP, Raymond C, Marin MF. The effects of chronic stress on the human brain: From neurotoxicity, to vulnerability, to opportunity. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:91-105. [PMID: 29421159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For the last five decades, science has managed to delineate the mechanisms by which stress hormones can impact on the human brain. Receptors for glucocorticoids are found in the hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex, three brain regions involved in memory processing and emotional regulation. Studies have shown that chronic exposure to stress is associated with reduced volume of the hippocampus and that chronic stress can modulate volumes of both the amygdala and frontal cortex, suggesting neurotoxic effects of stress hormones on the brain. Yet, other studies report that exposure to early adversity and/or familial/social stressors can increase vulnerability to stress in adulthood. Models have been recently developed to describe the roles that neurotoxic and vulnerability effects can have on the developing brain. These models suggest that developing early stress interventions could potentially counteract the effects of chronic stress on the brain and results going along with this hypothesis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia J Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada.
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Catherine Raymond
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
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Cameron HA, Schoenfeld TJ. Behavioral and structural adaptations to stress. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:106-113. [PMID: 29421158 PMCID: PMC5963997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Unpredictable aversive experiences, or stressors, lead to changes in depression- and anxiety-related behavior and to changes in hippocampal structure including decreases in adult neurogenesis, granule cell and pyramidal cell dendritic morphology, and volume. Here we review the relationship between these behavioral and structural changes and discuss the possibility that these changes may be largely adaptive. Specifically, we suggest that new neurons in the dentate gyrus enhance behavioral adaptability to changes in the environment, biasing behavior in novel situations based on previous experience with stress. Conversely, atrophy-like changes in the hippocampus and decreased adult neurogenesis following chronic stress may serve to limit stress responses and stabilize behavior during chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Timothy J Schoenfeld
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Anblagan D, Valdés Hernández MC, Ritchie SJ, Aribisala BS, Royle NA, Hamilton IF, Cox SR, Gow AJ, Pattie A, Corley J, Starr JM, Muñoz Maniega S, Bastin ME, Deary IJ, Wardlaw JM. Coupled changes in hippocampal structure and cognitive ability in later life. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00838. [PMID: 29484252 PMCID: PMC5822578 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hippocampus plays an important role in cognitive abilities which often decline with advancing age. Methods In a longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults, we investigated whether there were coupled changes in hippocampal structure and verbal memory, working memory, and processing speed between the ages of 73 (N = 655) and 76 years (N = 469). Hippocampal structure was indexed by hippocampal volume, hippocampal volume as a percentage of intracranial volume (H_ICV), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and longitudinal relaxation time (T1). Results Mean levels of hippocampal volume, H_ICV, FA, T1, and all three cognitive abilities domains decreased, whereas MD increased, from age 73 to 76. At baseline, higher hippocampal volume was associated with better working memory and verbal memory, but none of these correlations survived correction for multiple comparisons. Higher FA, lower MD, and lower T1 at baseline were associated with better cognitive abilities in all three domains; only the correlation between baseline hippocampal MD and T1, and change in the three cognitive domains, survived correction for multiple comparisons. Individuals with higher hippocampal MD at age 73 experienced a greater decline in all three cognitive abilities between ages 73 and 76. However, no significant associations with changes in cognitive abilities were found with hippocampal volume, FA, and T1 measures at baseline. Similarly, no significant associations were found between cognitive abilities at age 73 and changes in the hippocampal MRI biomarkers between ages 73 and 76. Conclusion Our results provide evidence to better understand how the hippocampus ages in healthy adults in relation to the cognitive domains in which it is involved, suggesting that better hippocampal MD at age 73 predicts less relative decline in three important cognitive domains across the next 3 years. It can potentially assist in diagnosing early stages of aging-related neuropathologies, because in some cases, accelerated decline could predict pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasuda Anblagan
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging NetworkA Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Dementia Research CentreUK Dementia Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Maria C. Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging NetworkA Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Dementia Research CentreUK Dementia Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Stuart J. Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Benjamin S. Aribisala
- Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Computer ScienceLagos State UniversityLagosNigeria
| | - Natalie A. Royle
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging NetworkA Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
| | - Iona F. Hamilton
- Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Dementia Research CentreUK Dementia Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging NetworkA Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Alan J. Gow
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologySchool of Social SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging NetworkA Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Dementia Research CentreUK Dementia Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging NetworkA Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Dementia Research CentreUK Dementia Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Neuroimaging SciencesCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging NetworkA Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Dementia Research CentreUK Dementia Research InstituteEdinburghUK
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Leandrou S, Petroudi S, Kyriacou PA, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Pattichis CS. Quantitative MRI Brain Studies in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Methodological Review. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2018; 11:97-111. [PMID: 29994606 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2018.2796598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Classifying and predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with memory disorders through clinical and psychometric assessment is challenging, especially in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. Quantitative structural magnetic resonance imaging acquisition methods in combination with computer-aided diagnosis are currently being used for the assessment of AD. These acquisitions methods include voxel-based morphometry, volumetric measurements in specific regions of interest (ROIs), cortical thickness measurements, shape analysis, and texture analysis. This review evaluates the aforementioned methods in the classification of cases into one of the following three groups: normal controls, MCI, and AD subjects. Furthermore, the performance of the methods is assessed on the prediction of conversion from MCI to AD. In parallel, it is also assessed which ROIs are preferred in both classification and prognosis through the different states of the disease. Structural changes in the early stages of the disease are more pronounced in the medial temporal lobe, especially in the entorhinal cortex, whereas with disease progression, both entorhinal cortex and hippocampus offer similar discriminative power. However, for the conversion from MCI subjects to AD, entorhinal cortex provides better predictive accuracies rather than other structures, such as the hippocampus.
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Pelletier A, Bernard C, Dilharreguy B, Helmer C, Le Goff M, Chanraud S, Dartigues JF, Allard M, Amieva H, Catheline G. Patterns of brain atrophy associated with episodic memory and semantic fluency decline in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:741-752. [PMID: 28278492 PMCID: PMC5391228 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral substratum of age-related cognitive decline was evaluated in an elderly-cohort followed for 12 years (n=306). Participants, free of dementia, received neuropsychological assessments every two years and an MRI exam at baseline and four years later. Cognitive decline was evaluated on two broadly used tests to detect dementia: the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), a verbal episodic memory task, and the Isaacs Set Test (IST), a semantic fluency task. Using voxel-based approach, the relationship between cognitive decline with 1/ baseline grey matter volumes and 2/ grey matter volume loss between the two scans was explored. Baseline volumes analysis revealed that FCSRT and IST declines were both associated with lower volumes of the medial temporal region. Volumes loss analysis confirmed that both declines are related to medial temporal lobe atrophy and revealed that FCSRT decline was specifically associated with atrophy of the posterior cingulate cortex whereas IST decline was specifically related to temporal pole atrophy. These results suggest that cognitive decline across aging is firstly related to structural modifications of the medial temporal lobe, followed by an atrophy in the posterior midline structures for episodic memory and an atrophy of the temporal pole for semantic fluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pelletier
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Bernard
- University Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bixente Dilharreguy
- University Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Melanie Le Goff
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- University Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michèle Allard
- University Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gwénaëlle Catheline
- University Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Malykhin NV, Huang Y, Hrybouski S, Olsen F. Differential vulnerability of hippocampal subfields and anteroposterior hippocampal subregions in healthy cognitive aging. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 59:121-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ben Assayag E, Tene O, Korczyn AD, Shopin L, Auriel E, Molad J, Hallevi H, Kirschbaum C, Bornstein NM, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Kliper E, Stalder T. High hair cortisol concentrations predict worse cognitive outcome after stroke: Results from the TABASCO prospective cohort study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 82:133-139. [PMID: 28549269 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of stress-related endocrine dysregulation in the development of cognitive changes following a stroke needs further elucidation. We explored this issue in a longitudinal study on stroke survivors using hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), a measure of integrated long-term cortisol levels. METHODS Participants were consecutive cognitively intact first-ever mild-moderate ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors from the Tel Aviv Brain Acute Stroke Cohort (TABASCO) study. They underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and were cognitively assessed at admission, and at 6, 12 and 24 months post-stroke. Scalp hair samples were obtained during the initial hospitalization. RESULTS Full data on baseline HCC, MRI scans and 2 years neuropsychological assessments were available for 65 patients. Higher HCC were significantly associated with a larger lesion volume and with worse cognitive results 6, 12 and 24 months post-stroke on most of the neurocognitive tests. 15.4% of the participants went on to develop clinically significant cognitive decline in the follow-up period, and higher HCC at baseline were found to be a significant risk factor for this decline, after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index and APOE e4 carrier status (HR=6.553, p=0.038). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that individuals with higher HCC, which probably reflect higher long-term cortisol release, are prone to develop cognitive decline following an acute stroke or TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ben Assayag
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - O Tene
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - A D Korczyn
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - L Shopin
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - E Auriel
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - J Molad
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - H Hallevi
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - N M Bornstein
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - S Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - E Kliper
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel; The Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - T Stalder
- Department of Psychology, TU Dresden, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University Siegen, Germany
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Pesce M, Tatangelo R, La Fratta I, Rizzuto A, Campagna G, Turli C, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Verrocchio MC, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A. Memory Training Program Decreases the Circulating Level of Cortisol and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Older Adults. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:233. [PMID: 28790890 PMCID: PMC5522887 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging cognitive decline has been associated to impairment of the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenals (HPA) axis activity and a higher level of the systemic inflammation. However, little is known about the molecules driving this process at peripheral level. In addition, the cognitive function is to some extent modifiable with Memory Training (MT) programs, even among older adults and beyond. The study aims to evaluate whether MT could contribute to ameliorate cognitive performance and modulate the HPA axis activity as well the low level inflammation in the aging phenotype. Whether the phosphatase WIP-1, a negative regulator for inflammation, is involved in this process was also investigated. We recruited 31 young adults (19-28, years of age) and 62 older adults aged over 60. Thirty-two older adults were submitted to 6-months of MT program (EG), and 28 older adults were no treated and used as Control Group (CG). Global cognitive functioning (MMSE score), verbal and visual memory, and attention were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 6-months (T1). At the same time, plasmatic level of Cortisol (C), IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and the expression of WIP-1 mRNA and protein in ex vivo Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells were analyzed in young adults at T0, as well in older adults at T0 and T1. Together, the results suggest that MT improves the global cognitive functionality, verbal and visual memory, as well as the level of attention. At the same time we observed a decrease of the plasmatic level of C, of the cytokines, and an increase of the expression of mRNA and protein of WIP-1. The analysis of correlations highlighted that the level of the mRNA of WIP-1 was positively associated to the MMSE score, and negatively to the C and cytokine levels. In conclusion, we purpose the MT as tool that could help support successful aging through the improving of memory, attention and global cognitive function performance. Furthermore, this approach could participate to maintain lower the peripheral levels of the C and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The WIP-1 as a potential new target of the pathophysiology of aging is theorized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaella Tatangelo
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University G. D’AnnunzioChieti, Italy
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Wright KL, Kirwan CB, Gale SD, Levan AJ, Hopkins RO. Long-term cognitive and neuroanatomical stability in patients with anoxic amnesia: A Case Report. Brain Inj 2017; 31:709-716. [PMID: 28350252 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1285051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoxia can result in selective hippocampal damage with associated impairments in declarative memory. Whilst memory impairments and brain structures are thought to be stable, there are little data regarding the effects of ageing or change over time in patients with amnesia from anoxic brain injury. METHODS To assess change over time, we compared structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with data obtained over ten years previously in two well-characterized patients with amnesia (JRW and RS) who experienced an anoxic brain injury. Six healthy, age-matched control participants were recruited to compare brain volumes with the patients at Time 2. Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised and Wechsler memory scale-revised scores were compared to scores on the same tests administered 13 and 19 years prior. RESULTS Patients with amnesia had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes than controls, but comparable medial temporal lobe and ventricular volumes. Memory, intellectual function and brain volumes were stable over time. CONCLUSION Patients with an amnesia due to anoxia have memory impairments and smaller hippocampal volumes compared to controls; however, memory, intelligence and structural volumes remain stable over time. At ages 50 and 57, they do not appear to have early age-associated cognitive decline that is sometimes observed in patients with traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie L Wright
- a Psychology Department , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - C Brock Kirwan
- a Psychology Department , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA.,b Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Shawn D Gale
- a Psychology Department , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA.,b Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Ashley J Levan
- a Psychology Department , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Ramona O Hopkins
- a Psychology Department , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA.,b Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA.,c Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division , Intermountain Medical Center , Murray , Utah , USA.,d Center for Humanizing Critical Care, Intermountain Healthcare , Murray , Utah , USA
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Peng W, Li Z, Guan Y, Wang D, Huang S. A study of cognitive functions in female elderly patients with osteoporosis: a multi-center cross-sectional study. Aging Ment Health 2017; 20:647-54. [PMID: 25880710 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1033680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate changes of cognitive performances in female elderly patients with osteoporosis and to determine whether any impairments can be attributed to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 277 postmenopausal women, who were divided into an osteoporosis patients group (n = 170) and an age, gender and educational history matching control group (n = 107). All the subjects completed a set of neuropsychological tests for the elderly for cognitive assessment, which included measures of executive function, episodic memory, attention and processing speed, semantic memory, and visuospatial construction. Blood biomarkers for osteoporosis, as well as diurnal rhythms of cortisol levels were used as cognitive performance correlation parameters in linear multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS Individuals with osteoporosis had poorer cognitive scores (P < 0.001). When dividing the osteoporosis patients according to their Mini-Mental State Examination scores into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognitive (NC) performance groups, Auditory Verbal Learning trial 1-5 scores were lower (P = 0.006) and Trail Making Test-A scores were higher (P = 0.05) in the MCI compared to the NC group. Further comparison of the MCI and NC groups revealed that declarative memory was inversely associated with cortisol levels (P < 0.001), but this association became marginal when 25-hydroxy vitamin D was included in the linear multivariate regression analyses (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Patients with osteoporosis are prone to cognitive impairments especially declarative memory deficits. The cognitive impairment may be the result of HPA axis dysregulation but 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum concentrations might be compensatory or even a potent contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Peng
- a Department of Endocrinology , TongRen Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zezhi Li
- b Department of Neurology , Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- b Department of Neurology , Changhai Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Dan Wang
- c Department of Neurology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Shan Huang
- a Department of Endocrinology , TongRen Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
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Dualibe AL, Osório FL. Bipolar Disorder and Early Emotional Trauma: A Critical Literature Review on Indicators of Prevalence Rates and Clinical Outcomes. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2017; 25:198-208. [PMID: 28759479 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Evaluate the prevalence of early emotional trauma in patients with bipolar disorder (BD)• Assess the impact of these traumas on patients and on their development of BD OBJECTIVES: We performed a systematic literature review to (1) evaluate the prevalence of early emotional trauma (EET) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and the impact of these traumas on the development of the disorder, and (2) integrate the findings of our review with those previously reported by Fisher and Hosang, Daruy-Filho and colleagues, and Maniglio. METHODS The literature search was performed on PubMed, SciELO, and PsycINFO databases using the keywords bipolar disorder, early trauma, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, maltreatment, adversity, and neglect. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were selected and analyzed. Taken together, the articles described a high prevalence of EET in BD, consisting mainly of emotional neglect/abuse (approximately 40%), particularly when compared to healthy subjects. The review also identified substantial evidence regarding an association between the presence of EET, early disease onset, rapid cycling, comorbidity with anxiety/stress disorders, and cannabis use. CONCLUSION The integration of the current findings with the identified studies reveals that (1) the methodological limitations noted by Daruy-Filho and colleagues have been largely resolved in more recent studies and (2) the presence of EET in patients with BD is associated with worse clinical outcomes, particularly early disease onset, presence of clinical or psychiatric comorbidities, suicide, and presence of psychotic episodes/symptoms. The review shows that patients with BD experience more traumatic situations than controls and that emotional trauma is the most frequent type of trauma in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Limiéri Dualibe
- From the Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil; Brazilian National Institute of Science and Translational Technology in Medicine, Brazil (Dr. Osório)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has been linked to an increased risk of dementia and cognitive decline. However, little is known about the association between SEP and morphologic brain changes in older age. This study examines the relationships between indicators of life-course SEP with both hippocampal volume (HcV) and HcV loss in a population-based cohort of 1328 older adults aged 65 to 80 years. METHODS Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of SEP with baseline HcV and the annual rate of HcV atrophy according to three life-course conceptual models: the sensitive/critical periods model (which explored SEP in specific periods: in childhood [using parental education], early adulthood [based on participants' education], and midlife [based on participants' socioprofessional group]); the accumulation-of-risk model (life-course cumulative SEP), and the social mobility model (life-course SEP trajectories). RESULTS Participants with lower midlife SEP had smaller HcV (-0.08 cm; 95% confidence interval, -0.15 to -0.01) and 0.17% (95% confidence interval, 0.04%-0.30%) faster hippocampal atrophy than participants with higher midlife SEP. Childhood and early adulthood SEPs were not related to hippocampal measures. The accumulation-of-risk and the social mobility models revealed that the accumulation of socioeconomic disadvantage and declining socioeconomic trajectories were related to faster hippocampal atrophy. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of older adults, lower socioprofessional attainment in midlife and disadvantageous life-course socioeconomic position were associated with faster hippocampal atrophy, a cerebral change linked to cognitive disorders. Results support the hypothesized links between socioenvironmental exposures related to stress and/or cognitive enrichment and brain/cognitive reserve capacities.
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Enduring, Sexually Dimorphic Impact of In Utero Exposure to Elevated Levels of Glucocorticoids on Midbrain Dopaminergic Populations. Brain Sci 2016; 7:brainsci7010005. [PMID: 28042822 PMCID: PMC5297294 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) released from the fetal/maternal glands during late gestation are required for normal development of mammalian organs and tissues. Accordingly, synthetic glucocorticoids have proven to be invaluable in perinatal medicine where they are widely used to accelerate fetal lung maturation when there is risk of pre-term birth and to promote infant survival. However, clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that inappropriate exposure of the developing brain to elevated levels of GCs, either as a result of clinical over-use or after stress-induced activation of the fetal/maternal adrenal cortex, is linked with significant effects on brain structure, neurological function and behaviour in later life. In order to understand the underlying neural processes, particular interest has focused on the midbrain dopaminergic systems, which are critical regulators of normal adaptive behaviours, cognitive and sensorimotor functions. Specifically, using a rodent model of GC exposure in late gestation (approximating human brain development at late second/early third trimester), we demonstrated enduring effects on the shape and volume of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) (origins of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways) on the topographical organisation and size of the dopaminergic neuronal populations and astrocytes within these nuclei and on target innervation density and neurochemical markers of dopaminergic transmission (receptors, transporters, basal and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release at striatal and prefrontal cortical sites) that impact on the adult brain. The effects of antenatal GC treatment (AGT) were both profound and sexually-dimorphic, not only in terms of quantitative change but also qualitatively, with several parameters affected in the opposite direction in males and females. Although such substantial neurobiological changes might presage marked behavioural effects, in utero GC exposure had only a modest or no effect, depending on sex, on a range of conditioned and unconditioned behaviours known to depend on midbrain dopaminergic transmission. Collectively, these findings suggest that apparent behavioural normality in certain tests, but not others, arises from AGT-induced adaptations or compensatory mechanisms within the midbrain dopaminergic systems, which preserve some, but not all functions. Furthermore, the capacities for molecular adaptations to early environmental challenge are different, even opponent, in males and females, which may account for their differential resilience or failure to perform adequately in behavioural tests. Behavioural "normality" is thus achieved by the midbrain dopaminergic network operating outside its normal limits (in a state of allostasis), rendering it at greater risk to malfunction when challenged in later life. Sex-specific neurobiological programming of midbrain dopaminergic systems may, therefore, have psychopathological relevance for the sex bias commonly found in brain disorders associated with these systems, and which have a neurodevelopmental component, including schizophrenia, ADHD (attention/deficit hyperactivity disorders), autism, depression and substance abuse.
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A biological perspective on differences and similarities between burnout and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 73:112-122. [PMID: 27993607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To compare and contrast burnout and depression is not only a conceptual issue, but may deliver important directions for treatment approaches and stabilize the awareness of disease which is essential for affected individuals. Because of the symptomatic overlap, it is a subject of multidimensional research and discussion to find specific signatures to differentiate between the two phenomena or to present evidence that they are different aspects of the same disorder. Both pathologies are regarded as stress-related disorders. Therefore, in this review burnout and depression are discussed on the basis of biological parameters, mainly heart rate variability (HRV) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are crucial to the stress response system. It emerges that instead of finding one specific discriminating marker, future research should rather concentrate on elaborating indices for burnout and depression which integrate combinations of parameters found in genetics, neurobiology, physiology and environment.
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Lindgren L, Bergdahl J, Nyberg L. Longitudinal Evidence for Smaller Hippocampus Volume as a Vulnerability Factor for Perceived Stress. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:3527-33. [PMID: 27230217 PMCID: PMC4961026 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal volume has been found to be smaller in individuals with stress-related disorders, but it remains unclear whether smaller volume is a consequence of stress or rather a vulnerability factor. Here, we examined this issue by relating stress levels to hippocampal volumes in healthy participants examined every 5 years in a longitudinal population-based study. Based on scores of 25- to 60-year–old participants on the perceived stress questionnaire, we defined moderately to high (n = 35) and low (n = 76) stress groups. The groups were re-examined after 5 years (at the 6th study wave). Historical data on subjective stress were available up to 10 years prior to Wave 5. At the first MRI session, the moderately to high stress group had a significantly smaller hippocampal volume, as measured by FreeSurfer (version 5.3), compared with the low-stress group. At follow-up, group differences in stress levels and hippocampal volume remained unchanged. In retrospective analyses of subjective stress, the observed group difference in stress was found to be stable. The long-term stability of group differences in perceived stress and hippocampal volume suggests that a small hippocampal volume may be a vulnerability factor for stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenita Lindgren
- From the Department of Nursing Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Bergdahl
- Department of Psychology Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology Department of Radiation Sciences and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Zimmerman ME, Ezzati A, Katz MJ, Lipton ML, Brickman AM, Sliwinski MJ, Lipton RB. Perceived Stress Is Differentially Related to Hippocampal Subfield Volumes among Older Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154530. [PMID: 27144832 PMCID: PMC4856349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic exposure to stress has been shown to impact a wide range of health-related outcomes in older adults. Despite extensive animal literature revealing deleterious effects of biological markers of stress on the dentate gyrus subfield of the hippocampus, links between hippocampal subfields and psychological stress have not been studied in humans. This study examined the relationship between perceived stress and hippocampal subfield volumes among racially/ethnically diverse older adults. METHODS AND MATERIALS Between July 2011 and March 2014, 116 nondemented participants were consecutively drawn from the Einstein Aging Study, an ongoing community-based sample of individuals over the age of 70 residing in Bronx, New York. All participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, and underwent 3.0 T MRI. FreeSurfer was used to derive total hippocampal volume, hippocampal subfield volumes (CA1, CA2/CA3, CA4/Dentate Gyrus (CA4/DG), and subiculum), entorhinal cortex volume, whole brain volume, and total intracranial volume. RESULTS Linear regression analyses revealed that higher levels of perceived stress were associated with smaller total hippocampal volume (β = -0.20, t = -2.40, p = 0.02), smaller CA2/CA3 volumes (β = -0.18, t = -2.24, p = 0.03) and smaller CA4/DG volumes (β = -0.19, t = -2.28, p = 0.03) after controlling for total intracranial volume, age, gender, and race. These findings remained unchanged after removal of individuals with clinically significant symptoms of depression. DISCUSSION Our findings provide evidence of a relationship between a direct indicator of psychological stress and specific hippocampal subfield volumes in elderly individuals. These results highlight the importance of clinical screening for chronic stress in otherwise healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Zimmerman
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Ezzati
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mindy J. Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Lipton
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Schoemaker D, Buss C, Head K, Sandman CA, Davis EP, Chakravarty MM, Gauthier S, Pruessner JC. Hippocampus and amygdala volumes from magnetic resonance images in children: Assessing accuracy of FreeSurfer and FSL against manual segmentation. Neuroimage 2016; 129:1-14. [PMID: 26824403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The volumetric quantification of brain structures is of great interest in pediatric populations because it allows the investigation of different factors influencing neurodevelopment. FreeSurfer and FSL both provide frequently used packages for automatic segmentation of brain structures. In this study, we examined the accuracy and consistency of those two automated protocols relative to manual segmentation, commonly considered as the "gold standard" technique, for estimating hippocampus and amygdala volumes in a sample of preadolescent children aged between 6 to 11 years. The volumes obtained with FreeSurfer and FSL-FIRST were evaluated and compared with manual segmentations with respect to volume difference, spatial agreement and between- and within-method correlations. Results highlighted a tendency for both automated techniques to overestimate hippocampus and amygdala volumes, in comparison to manual segmentation. This was more pronounced when using FreeSurfer than FSL-FIRST and, for both techniques, the overestimation was more marked for the amygdala than the hippocampus. Pearson correlations support moderate associations between manual tracing and FreeSurfer for hippocampus (right r=0.69, p<0.001; left r=0.77, p<0.001) and amygdala (right r=0.61, p<0.001; left r=0.67, p<0.001) volumes. Correlation coefficients between manual segmentation and FSL-FIRST were statistically significant (right hippocampus r=0.59, p<0.001; left hippocampus r=0.51, p<0.001; right amygdala r=0.35, p<0.001; left amygdala r=0.31, p<0.001) but were significantly weaker, for all investigated structures. When computing intraclass correlation coefficients between manual tracing and automatic segmentation, all comparisons, except for left hippocampus volume estimated with FreeSurfer, failed to reach 0.70. When looking at each method separately, correlations between left and right hemispheric volumes showed strong associations between bilateral hippocampus and bilateral amygdala volumes when assessed using manual segmentation or FreeSurfer. These correlations were significantly weaker when volumes were assessed with FSL-FIRST. Finally, Bland-Altman plots suggest that the difference between manual and automatic segmentation might be influenced by the volume of the structure, because smaller volumes were associated with larger volume differences between techniques. These results demonstrate that, at least in a pediatric population, the agreement between amygdala and hippocampus volumes obtained with automated FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer protocols and those obtained with manual segmentation is not strong. Visual inspection by an informed individual and, if necessary, manual correction of automated segmentation outputs are important to ensure validity of volumetric results and interpretation of related findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Schoemaker
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Buss
- University of California at Irvine, CA, USA; Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Head
- University of California at Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Elysia P Davis
- University of California at Irvine, CA, USA; University of Denver, CO, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Cross-sectional versus longitudinal estimates of age-related changes in the adult brain: overlaps and discrepancies. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2563-7. [PMID: 26059713 PMCID: PMC4523414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The healthy adult brain undergoes tissue volume decline with age, but contradictory findings abound regarding rate of change. To identify a source of this discrepancy, we present contrasting statistical approaches to estimate hippocampal volume change with age based on 200 longitudinally-acquired magnetic resonance imaging in 70 healthy adults, age 20-70 years, who had 2-5 magnetic resonance imaging collected over 6 months to 8 years. Linear mixed-effects modeling using volume trajectories over age for each subject revealed significantly negative slopes with aging after a linear decline with a suggestion of acceleration in older individuals. By contrast, general linear modeling using either the first observation only of each subject or all observations treated independently (thereby disregarding trajectories) indicated no significant correlation between volume and age. Entering a quadratic term into the linear model yielded a biologically plausible function that was not supported by longitudinal analysis. The results underscore the importance of analyses that incorporate the trajectory of individuals in the study of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Voineskos AN, Winterburn JL, Felsky D, Pipitone J, Rajji TK, Mulsant BH, Chakravarty MM. Hippocampal (subfield) volume and shape in relation to cognitive performance across the adult lifespan. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3020-37. [PMID: 25959503 PMCID: PMC6869683 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Newer approaches to characterizing hippocampal morphology can provide novel insights regarding cognitive function across the lifespan. We comprehensively assessed the relationships among age, hippocampal morphology, and hippocampal-dependent cognitive function in 137 healthy individuals across the adult lifespan (18-86 years of age). They underwent MRI, cognitive assessments and genotyping for Apolipoprotein E status. We measured hippocampal subfield volumes using a new multiatlas segmentation tool (MAGeT-Brain) and assessed vertex-wise (inward and outward displacements) and global surface-based descriptions of hippocampus morphology. We examined the effects of age on hippocampal morphology, as well as the relationship among age, hippocampal morphology, and episodic and working memory performance. Age and volume were modestly correlated across hippocampal subfields. Significant patterns of inward and outward displacement in hippocampal head and tail were associated with age. The first principal shape component of the left hippocampus, characterized by a lengthening of the antero-posterior axis was prominently associated with working memory performance across the adult lifespan. In contrast, no significant relationships were found among subfield volumes and cognitive performance. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal shape plays a unique and important role in hippocampal-dependent cognitive aging across the adult lifespan, meriting consideration as a biomarker in strategies targeting the delay of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Geriatric Mental Health Service, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie L Winterburn
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jon Pipitone
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Geriatric Mental Health Service, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Geriatric Mental Health Service, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hippocampal and amygdalar local structural differences in elderly patients with schizophrenia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:47-58. [PMID: 24534522 PMCID: PMC4382088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Morphological abnormalities have been reported for the hippocampi and amygdalae in young schizophrenia patients, but very little is known about the pattern of abnormalities in elderly schizophrenia patients. Here we investigated local structural differences in the hippocampi and amygdalae of elderly schizophrenia patients compared with healthy elderly subjects. We also related these differences to clinical symptom severity. DESIGN 20 schizophrenia patients (mean age: 67.4 ± 6.2 years; Mini-Mental State Exam: 22.8 ± 4.4) and 20 healthy elderly subjects (70.3 ± 7.5 years; 29.0 ± 1.1) underwent high resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The Radial Atrophy Mapping technique was used to reconstruct the 3D shape of the amygdala and the hippocampus. Local differences in tissue reductions were computed between groups and permutation tests were run to correct for multiple comparisons, in statistical maps thresholded at p = 0.05. RESULTS Significant tissue reduction was observed bilaterally in the amygdala and hippocampus of schizophrenia patients. The basolateral-ventral-medial amygdalar nucleus showed the greatest involvement, with over 30% local tissue reduction. The centro-medial, cortical, and lateral nuclei were also atrophic in patients. The hippocampus showed significant tissue loss in the medio-caudal and antero-lateral aspects of CA1, and in medial section of its left head (pre- and para-subiculum). In the left amygdala and hippocampus, local tissue volumes were significantly correlated with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Tissue loss and altered morphology were found in elderly schizophrenia patients. Tissue loss mapped to amygdalo-hippocampal subregions known to have bidirectional and specific connections with frontal cortical and limbic structures and was related to clinical severity.
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Sindi S, Fiocco AJ, Juster RP, Lord C, Pruessner J, Lupien SJ. Now you see it, now you don't: Testing environments modulate the association between hippocampal volume and cortisol levels in young and older adults. Hippocampus 2014; 24:1623-32. [PMID: 25112535 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis production of the stress hormone cortisol interacts with the hippocampal formation and impacts memory function. A growing interest is to determine whether hippocampal volume (HV) predicts basal and/or reactive cortisol levels in young and older adults. Recent evidence shows that contextual features in testing environments might be stressful and inadvertently induce a stress response in young and/or older populations. This latter result suggests that variations in testing environments might influence associations between HV and cortisol levels in young and older adults. To this end, we investigated 28 healthy young adults (ages 18-35) and 32 healthy older adults (ages 60-75) in two different environments constructed to be more or less stressful for each age group (Favoring-Young versus Favoring-Old conditions). Cortisol levels were repeatedly assessed in each environment, and young and older participants underwent an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scan for subsequent assessment of HV. Results in both age groups showed that HV was significantly associated with cortisol levels only in the unfavorable stressful testing conditions specific for each age group. This association was absent when testing environments were designed to decrease stress for each age group. These findings are fundamental in showing that unless the nature of the testing environment is taken into consideration, detected associations between HV and cortisol levels in both young and older populations might be confounded by environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Sindi
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Mental Health Research Centre Fernand Seguin, Hospital Louis H Lafontaine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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