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Moghaddam M, Dzemidzic M, Guerrero D, Liu M, Alessi J, Plawecki MH, Harezlak J, Kareken D, Goñi J. Tangent space functional reconfigurations in individuals at risk for alcohol use disorder. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2405.15905v1. [PMID: 38827458 PMCID: PMC11142326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Human brain function dynamically adjusts to ever-changing stimuli from the external environment. Studies characterizing brain functional reconfiguration are nevertheless scarce. Here we present a principled mathematical framework to quantify brain functional reconfiguration when engaging and disengaging from a stop signal task (SST). We apply tangent space projection (a Riemannian geometry mapping technique) to transform functional connectomes (FCs) and quantify functional reconfiguration using the correlation distance of the resulting tangent-FCs. Our goal was to compare functional reconfigurations in individuals at risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized that functional reconfigurations when transitioning in/from a task would be influenced by family history of alcohol use disorder (FHA) and other AUD risk factors. Multilinear regression model results showed that engaging and disengaging functional reconfiguration were driven by different AUD risk factors. Functional reconfiguration when engaging in the SST was negatively associated with recent drinking. When disengaging from the SST, however, functional reconfiguration was negatively associated with FHA. In both models, several other factors contributed to the explanation of functional reconfiguration. This study demonstrates that tangent-FCs can characterize task-induced functional reconfiguration, and that it is related to AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moghaddam
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel Guerrero
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mintao Liu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan Alessi
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
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2
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Maggioni E, Rossetti MG, Allen NB, Batalla A, Bellani M, Chye Y, Cousijn J, Goudriaan AE, Hester R, Hutchison K, Li CSR, Martin-Santos R, Momenan R, Sinha R, Schmaal L, Solowij N, Suo C, van Holst RJ, Veltman DJ, Yücel M, Thompson PM, Conrod P, Mackey S, Garavan H, Brambilla P, Lorenzetti V. Brain volumes in alcohol use disorder: Do females and males differ? A whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging mega-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:4652-4666. [PMID: 37436103 PMCID: PMC10400785 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests distinct neurobiological correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) between sexes, which however remain largely unexplored. This work from ENIGMA Addiction Working Group aimed to characterize the sex differences in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) correlates of AUD using a whole-brain, voxel-based, multi-tissue mega-analytic approach, thereby extending our recent surface-based region of interest findings on a nearly matching sample using a complementary methodological approach. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 653 people with AUD and 326 controls was analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. The effects of group, sex, group-by-sex, and substance use severity in AUD on brain volumes were assessed using General Linear Models. Individuals with AUD relative to controls had lower GM volume in striatal, thalamic, cerebellar, and widespread cortical clusters. Group-by-sex effects were found in cerebellar GM and WM volumes, which were more affected by AUD in females than males. Smaller group-by-sex effects were also found in frontotemporal WM tracts, which were more affected in AUD females, and in temporo-occipital and midcingulate GM volumes, which were more affected in AUD males. AUD females but not males showed a negative association between monthly drinks and precentral GM volume. Our results suggest that AUD is associated with both shared and distinct widespread effects on GM and WM volumes in females and males. This evidence advances our previous region of interest knowledge, supporting the usefulness of adopting an exploratory perspective and the need to include sex as a relevant moderator variable in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria G Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yann Chye
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction Lab, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Hester
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rocio Martin-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Characterisation Commons at Scale (ACCS) Project, Monash eResearch Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth J van Holst
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Wang Y, Sun B. Alcohol-induced brain deficit in alcohol dependence. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1036164. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1036164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous adverse effects of alcohol addiction on health, behavior, and brain function were widely reported, the neurobiological mechanism of alcohol dependence remains largely unknown. In this study, a total of twenty-nine patients with alcohol dependence and twenty-nine status-matched normal controls (NCs) were recruited. Percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) was applied to identify alcohol-related brain activity deficits. We found that alcohol dependence was associated with widespread differences in the left orbitofrontal cortex, right higher visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe with decreased PerAF, but no brain areas with increased PerAF differences were found. ROC curve showed that decreased PerAF revealed extremely high discriminatory power with a high AUC value of 0.953, as well as a high degree of sensitivity (96.6%) and specificity (86.2%), in distinguishing patients with alcohol dependence from NCs. In the alcohol dependence group, the amount of daily alcohol consumption showed significant negative correlations with the right cerebellum posterior lobe and right higher visual cortex. These findings suggest that the cerebellar-visual-orbitofrontal circuit was disturbed by alcohol dependence. The proposed new method of PerAF may be served as a potential biomarker to identify the regional brain activity deficits of alcohol dependence.
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Elton A, Garbutt JC, Boettiger CA. Risk and resilience for alcohol use disorder revealed in brain functional connectivity. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102801. [PMID: 34482279 PMCID: PMC8416942 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A family history of alcoholism (FH) increases risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet many at-risk individuals never develop alcohol use problems. FH is associated with intermediate levels of risk phenotypes, whereas distinct, compensatory brain changes likely promote resilience. Although several cognitive, behavioral, and personality factors have been associated with AUD, the relative contributions of these processes and their neural underpinnings to risk or resilience processes remains less clear. We examined whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and behavioral metrics from 841 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, including healthy controls, individuals with AUD, and their unaffected siblings. First, we identified functional connections in which unaffected siblings were intermediate between controls and AUD, indicating AUD risk, and those in which siblings diverged, indicating resilience. Canonical correlations relating brain risk and resilience FC to behavioral patterns revealed AUD risk and resilience phenotypes. Risk phenotypes primarily implicated frontal-parietal networks corresponding with executive function, impulsivity, externalizing behaviors, and social-emotional intelligence. Conversely, resilience-related phenotypes were underpinned by networks of medial prefrontal, striatal, temporal, brainstem and cerebellar connectivity, which associated with high trait attention and low antisocial behavior. Additionally, we calculated "polyphenotypic" risk and resilience scores, to investigate how the relative load of risk and resilience phenotypes influenced the probability of an AUD diagnosis. Polyphenotypic scores predicted AUD in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, resilience phenotypes interacted with risk phenotypes, reducing their effects. The hypothesis-generating results revealed interpretable AUD-related phenotypes and offer brain-informed targets for developing more effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Elton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - James C Garbutt
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Charlotte A Boettiger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Alcohol. Alcohol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816793-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Amico E, Dzemidzic M, Oberlin BG, Carron CR, Harezlak J, Goñi J, Kareken DA. The disengaging brain: Dynamic transitions from cognitive engagement and alcoholism risk. Neuroimage 2020; 209:116515. [PMID: 31904492 PMCID: PMC8496455 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human functional brain connectivity is usually measured either at "rest" or during cognitive tasks, ignoring life's moments of mental transition. We propose a different approach to understanding brain network transitions. We applied a novel independent component analysis of functional connectivity during motor inhibition (stop signal task) and during the continuous transition to an immediately ensuing rest. A functional network reconfiguration process emerged that: (i) was most prominent in those without familial alcoholism risk, (ii) encompassed brain areas engaged by the task, yet (iii) appeared only transiently after task cessation. The pattern was not present in a pre-task rest scan or in the remaining minutes of post-task rest. Finally, this transient network reconfiguration related to a key behavioral trait of addiction risk: reward delay discounting. These novel findings illustrate how dynamic brain functional reconfiguration during normally unstudied periods of cognitive transition might reflect addiction vulnerability, and potentially other forms of brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Amico
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, USA; School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, USA
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Claire R Carron
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, USA
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, USA; School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, USA.
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, USA.
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Mithani K, Davison B, Meng Y, Lipsman N. The anterior limb of the internal capsule: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction. Behav Brain Res 2020; 387:112588. [PMID: 32179062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a re-emergence of neurosurgery for severe, refractory psychiatric diseases, largely due to the advent of more precise and safe operative techniques. Nevertheless, the optimal targets for these surgeries remain a matter of debate, and are often grandfathered from experiences in the late 20th century. To better explore the rationale for one target in particular - the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) - we comprehensively reviewed all available literature on its role in the pathophysiology and treatment of mental illness. We first provide an overview of its functional anatomy, followed by a discussion on its role in several prevalent psychiatric diseases. Given its structural integration into the limbic system and involvement in a number of cognitive and emotional processes, the ALIC is a robust target for surgical treatment of refractory psychiatric diseases. The advent of novel neuroimaging techniques, coupled with image-guided therapeutics and neuromodulatory treatments, will continue to enable study on the ALIC in mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Mithani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ying Meng
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Waters AB, Sawyer KS, Gansler DA. White matter connectometry among individuals with self-reported family history of drug and alcohol use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107710. [PMID: 31734033 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heredity is an important risk factor for alcoholism. Several studies have been conducted on small groups of alcohol naïve adolescents which show lowered fractional anisotropy of frontal white matter in individuals with a family history of alcohol and substance use disorder (FH+). We compare large adult FH+ and FH- groups using white matter connectometry, different from the previously used global tractography method, as it is more sensitive to regional variability. Imaging and behavioral data from the Human Connectome Project (WU-MINN HCP 1200) was analyzed. Groups of participants were positive (n = 109) and negative (n = 109) for self-reported alcohol and substance use disorders in at least one parent, and stringently matched. Connectometry was performed on diffusion MRI in DSI-Studio using q-space diffeomorphic reconstruction, and multiple regression was completed with 5000 permutations. Analyses showed decreased major tract (>40 mm) connectivity in the FH+ group in left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, bilateral cortico-striatal pathway, left cortico-thalamic pathway, and corpus callosum, compared to the FH- group. For cognitive tasks related to reward processing, inhibition, and monitoring, there were a number of interactions, such that the relationship between identified tracts and behavior differed significantly between groups. Self-reported family history was associated with decreased connectivity in reward signaling pathways, controlling for alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder. This is the first connectometry study of FH+, and extends the neural basis of the hereditary diathesis of alcoholism beyond that demonstrated with global tractography. Regions associated with FH+ are similar to those associated with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David A Gansler
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Marees AT, Gamazon ER, Gerring Z, Vorspan F, Fingal J, van den Brink W, Smit DJ, Verweij KJ, Kranzler HR, Sherva R, Farrer L, Gelernter J, Derks EM. Post-GWAS analysis of six substance use traits improves the identification and functional interpretation of genetic risk loci. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107703. [PMID: 31785998 PMCID: PMC9159918 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the functional mechanisms through which genetic loci associated with substance use traits ascertain their effect. This study aims to identify and functionally annotate loci associated with substance use traits based on their role in genetic regulation of gene expression. METHODS We evaluated expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) from 13 brain regions and whole blood of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, and from whole blood of the Depression Genes and Networks (DGN) database. The role of single eQTLs was examined for six substance use traits: alcohol consumption (N = 537,349), cigarettes per day (CPD; N = 263,954), former vs. current smoker (N = 312,821), age of smoking initiation (N = 262,990), ever smoker (N = 632,802), and cocaine dependence (N = 4,769). Subsequently, we conducted a gene level analysis of gene expression on these substance use traits using S-PrediXcan. RESULTS Using an FDR-adjusted p-value <0.05 we found 2,976 novel candidate genetic loci for substance use traits, and identified genes and tissues through which these loci potentially exert their effects. Using S-PrediXcan, we identified significantly associated genes for all substance traits. DISCUSSION Annotating genes based on transcriptomic regulation improves the identification and functional characterization of candidate loci and genes for substance use traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries T. Marees
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,QIMR Berghofer, Translational Neurogenomics group, Brisbane, Australia,Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31 6 21626999
| | - Eric R. Gamazon
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9AL, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary Gerring
- QIMR Berghofer, Translational Neurogenomics group, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Florence Vorspan
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, 75010 Paris, France,Inserm umr-s 1144, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Josh Fingal
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J.A. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin J.H. Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lindsay Farrer
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eske M. Derks
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,QIMR Berghofer, Translational Neurogenomics group, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Courtney KE, Li I, Tapert SF. The effect of alcohol use on neuroimaging correlates of cognitive and emotional processing in human adolescence. Neuropsychology 2019; 33:781-794. [PMID: 31448946 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article provides an overview of the scientific literature pertaining to the effects of alcohol on neural correlates of cognitive and emotional functioning, including reward processing and cue-reactivity, in adolescence and young adulthood. METHOD Peer-reviewed, original research articles that included a neuroimaging assessment of alcohol effects on subsequent cognitive or emotional processing in adolescent or young adult samples were searched (through November 2018) and summarized in the review. RESULTS Cross-sectional studies provided early evidence of alcohol-related differences in neural processing across a number of cognitive domains. Longitudinal studies have identified neural abnormalities that predate drinking within most domains of cognitive functioning, while a few neural alterations have been observed within the domains of visual working memory, inhibitory control, reward processing, and cue-reactivity that appear to be related to the neurotoxic effect of alcohol use during adolescence. In contrast, neural correlates of emotion functioning appear to be relatively stable to the effects of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Larger prospective studies are greatly needed to disentangle premorbid factors from neural consequences associated with drinking, and to detect subsets of youth who may be particularly vulnerable to alcohol's effects on cognitive and emotional functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Maksimovskiy AL, Oot EN, Seraikas AM, Rieselbach M, Caine C, Sneider JT, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Harris SK, Nickerson LD, Rohan ML, Silveri MM. Morphometric Biomarkers of Adolescents With Familial Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2354-2366. [PMID: 31529792 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many adolescents exhibit risky behavior, teenagers with a family history (FH+) of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at a heightened risk for earlier initiation of alcohol use, a more rapid escalation in frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption and developing a subsequent AUD in comparison with youth without such family history (FH-). Neuroanatomically, developmentally normative risk-taking behavior parallels an imbalance between more protracted development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and earlier development of limbic regions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived volumetric properties were obtained for these structures in FH+ and FH- adolescents. METHODS Forty-two substance-naïve adolescents (13- to 14-year-olds), stratified into FH+ (N = 19, 13 girls) and FH- (N = 23, 11 girls) age/handedness-matched groups, completed MRI scanning at 3.0T, as well as cognitive and clinical testing. T1 images were processed using FreeSurfer to measure PFC and hippocampi/amygdalae subfields/nuclei volumes. RESULTS FH+ status was associated with larger hippocampal/amygdala volumes (p < 0.05), relative to FH- adolescents, with right amygdala results appearing to be driven by FH+ boys. Volumetric differences also were positively associated with family history density (p < 0.05) of having an AUD. Larger subfields/nuclei volumes were associated with higher anxiety levels and worse auditory verbal learning performance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FH+ risk for AUD is detectable via neuromorphometric characteristics, which precede alcohol use onset and the potential onset of a later AUD, that are associated with emotional and cognitive measures. It is plausible that the development of limbic regions might be altered in FH+ youth, even prior to the onset of alcohol use, which could increase later risk. Thus, targeted preventative measures are warranted that serve to delay the onset of alcohol use in youth, particularly in those who are FH+ for an AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiy L Maksimovskiy
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily N Oot
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna M Seraikas
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Maya Rieselbach
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Carolyn Caine
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sion K Harris
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa D Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Applied Neuroimaging Statistics Lab, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Michael L Rohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Marisa M Silveri
- From the, Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Ivanov I, Schulz K, Li X, Newcorn J. Reward Processing in Drug-Naive Youth with Various Levels of Risk for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:516-525. [PMID: 31180232 PMCID: PMC6727472 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: It has been hypothesized that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) share common neurobiological features. When abnormalities in the mesolimbic reward system are characteristic of children with ADHD, it is unclear whether youth at particularly elevated risk for SUD may exhibit any further disturbances. The objective of this pilot study is to examine possible neurobiological differences among youth with different levels of SUD risk before exposure to any abusable substances. Methods: We recruited 47 drug-naive children aged 8-13 divided into (1) Low Risk (LR)-ADHD only (n = 16); (2) High Risk (HR)-ADHD+familial SUD (n = 17); and (3) healthy controls (HC, n = 14) who underwent one functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while performing a hybrid task. We used the omnibus analysis of covariance model to assess for group differences in brain activation in regions linked to the brain reward and behavioral control systems. Results: Behavioral analysis showed significant Cue and Flanker main effects, but no significant main effect for Group. Whole-brain analysis showed significant differences in widely distributed networks related to both reward processing and behavioral control. Region of interest (ROI) activations showed that the HR group had the highest activation in the right putamen during both expected rewards and unexpected nonreward outcomes and in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during unexpected nonreward outcomes, while LR and HC youth showed similarly low activation during these contrasts. Furthermore, the LR and HR groups showed lower activation than HC in the right ACC and the right caudate during flanker contrasts. Conclusions: These are the first preliminary results to demonstrate that the magnitude of activation during reward notification differs as a function of reward outcome in youth at high versus LR for SUD, such that youth at LR for SUD exhibit the highest activation for positive rewards, whereas those at HR for SUD exhibit the highest activation during negative rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Address correspondence to: Iliyan Ivanov, MD, One Gustave Levy Place, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kurt Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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13
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Vaidya JG, Elmore AL, Wallace AL, Langbehn DR, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, O'Leary DS. Association Between Age and Familial Risk for Alcoholism on Functional Connectivity in Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:692-701. [PMID: 30768382 PMCID: PMC7428193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Youth with a family history of alcohol use disorder (family history positive [FHP]) are at increased risk for developing maladaptive substance use relative to family history negative (FHN) peers. Building on earlier studies demonstrating morphological differences and distinct patterns of neural activation in FHP, the purpose of the present study was to investigate differential intrinsic functional connectivity among brain networks indexing premorbid risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHOD The current study examined intrinsic functional connectivity using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 191 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age with and without family history of AUD via independent component analysis, a method enabling data-driven investigation of internetwork and intranetwork connectivity among brain regions at rest. RESULTS Analyses revealed significantly lower intranetwork connectivity in FHP compared to FHN participants between the dorsal premotor cortex and other sensorimotor network regions. Reduced intranetwork connectivity in this region was further correlated with the number of biological family members with AUD and mood disorders. Robust differences were also evident in internetwork connectivity as a function of age. However, there was no evidence for family history by age interactions. CONCLUSION Intra- but not internetwork connectivity appears to differentiate FHP and FHN adolescents, whereas age differences within adolescence are marked by differences in internetwork connectivity.
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14
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Cortical thickness reductions associate with abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:674-684. [PMID: 28451920 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To detect the abnormal cortical thickness and disrupted brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without neuropsychiatric symptoms (non-NPSLE). Using T1-weighted 3D brain structural data, we first determined the regions with abnormal cortical thickness in a cohort of 33 adult female non-NPSLE patients. By taking brain regions with significantly reduced cortical thickness as the seeds, we calculated their RSFC based on the resting-fMRI data and detected the relationship between the RSFC and cortical thickness in the non-NPSLE patients. Compared to the controls, the non-NPSLE patients showed significantly cortical thinning in the left fusiform gyrus (FUS.L), left lingual gyrus (LING.L), right lingual gyrus (LING.R) and left superior frontal cortex (SFC.L). As for the RSFC, statistical analyses indicated that the abnormal cortical thickness in LING.L is associated with increased RSFC in the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC.L), and cortical thinning in SFC.L associated with decreased RSFC in left cerebellum 6 (CRBL 6.L) in non-NPSLE patients. In addition, in non-NPSLE patients, the decreased cortical thickness in LING.L was correlated to the increased RSFC in PCC.L, and decreased cortical thickness in SFC.L was correlated to the decreased RSFC in CRBL 6.L. Our findings suggest that the cortical abnormalities may affect brain intrinsic connectivity in non-NPSLE patients.
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15
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Zorlu N, Çapraz N, Oztekin E, Bagci B, Di Biase MA, Zalesky A, Gelal F, Bora E, Durmaz E, Beşiroğlu L, Sarıçiçek A. Rich club and reward network connectivity as endophenotypes for alcohol dependence: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Addict Biol 2019; 24:265-274. [PMID: 29280246 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the whole-brain white matter connectivity and local topology of reward system nodes in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and unaffected siblings, relative to healthy comparison individuals. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 18 patients with AUD, 15 unaffected siblings of AUD patients and 15 healthy controls. Structural networks were examined using network-based statistic and connectomic analysis. Connectomic analysis showed a significant ordered difference in normalized rich club organization (AUD < Siblings < Controls). We also found rank ordered differences (Control > Sibling > AUD) for both nodal clustering coefficient and nodal local efficiency in reward system nodes, particularly left caudate, right putamen and left hippocampus. Network-based statistic analyses showed that AUD group had significantly weaker connectivity than controls in the right hemisphere, mostly in the edges connecting putamen and hippocampus with other brain regions. Our results suggest that reward system network abnormalities, especially in subcortical structures, and impairments in rich-club organization might be related to the familial predisposition for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Necip Çapraz
- Department of Psychiatry; Medipol University Health Research and Administration Center, Sefakoy Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esra Oztekin
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Başak Bagci
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Maria A. Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
| | - Fazıl Gelal
- Department of Radiodiagnostics; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Emre Bora
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; Dokuz Eylül University Medical School; Turkey
| | - Ercan Durmaz
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Lütfullah Beşiroğlu
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Aybala Sarıçiçek
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
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16
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Chen L, Liu BX, Liu R, Zheng J, Dai XJ. Ventral Visual Pathway-Cerebellar Circuit Deficits in Alcohol Dependence: Long- and Short-Range Functional Connectivity Density Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:98. [PMID: 30809188 PMCID: PMC6379474 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the underlying intrinsic functional connectome changes in patients with alcohol dependence. Methods: A functional connectivity density (FCD) analysis was used to report on the functional connectivity changes in 24 male patients with alcohol dependence (age, 47.83 ± 6.93 years) and 24 healthy male subjects (age, 47.67 ± 6.99 years). We defined the voxels with a correlated threshold of r > 0.25 inside their neighborhood (radius sphere ≤ 6 mm) as shortFCD, and radius sphere > 6 mm as longFCD. We repeated the network analysis using a range of correlation r thresholds (r = 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.6, and 0.75) to determine whether between-group differences were substantially affected by the selection of the different R-value thresholds used. A ROC curve was used to test the ability of the FCD in discriminating between the two groups. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationships between the FCD differences in brain areas and demographic characteristics. Results: The covered differences in brain areas in binarized shortFCD were larger than binarized longFCD in both groups. The intra-group FCD differences did not depend on the selection of different thresholds used. Patients with alcohol dependence were associated with the longFCD deficit in the cerebellum posterior lobe, and shortFCD deficit in the ventral system of the visual pathway and increased shortFCD in the left precentral gyrus, right salience network and right cingulate gyrus. A ROC curve demonstrated that these specific brain areas alone discriminated between the two groups with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. In the alcohol dependence group, the cerebellum posterior lobe, visual association cortex and the salience network displayed significant correlations with demographic characteristics. Conclusions: The shortFCD analysis was more sensitive than the longFCD analysis in finding differences in the brain areas. The ventral visual pathway-cerebellar circuit deficit appeared to be altered in patients with alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Bi-Xia Liu
- Department of ICU, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Run Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiyong Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xi-Jian Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Comstock SM, Vaidya JG, Niciu MJ. Neurophysiological Correlates and Differential Drug Response in Subjects With a Family History of an Alcohol Use Disorder. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2019; 3:2470547019865267. [PMID: 31511840 PMCID: PMC6738944 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019865267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A family history of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been shown to increase one's risk of developing an AUD. Additionally, a positive family history of AUD (family history positive (FHP)) has neurobiological and neuropsychopharmacological consequences, and this review summarizes differential drug response as well as neuroanatomical and neurocognitive correlates. FHP status is related to altered responses to a number of drugs, including substances with abuse liability like alcohol, opioids, amphetamines, and ketamine. FHP individuals demonstrate fewer aversive effects and more rewarding response to both alcohol and subanesthetic dose ketamine. Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant, and several studies have reported that ketamine is more effective for FHP treatment-resistant depressed individuals. In short, the reviewed neurophysiological differences may contribute to ketamine's enhanced antidepressant efficacy in FHP patients. Volumetric differences in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, neocortex, and cerebellum are commonly reported. Furthermore, FHP has also been associated with altered neurocognitive performance, e.g., increased impulsivity. The imaging and psychological literature supports a neurodevelopmental lag hypothesis in FHP youth. The review will further discuss these findings in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage M. Comstock
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jatin G. Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark J. Niciu
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
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18
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Almli LM, Lori A, Meyers JL, Shin J, Fani N, Maihofer AX, Nievergelt CM, Smith AK, Mercer KB, Kerley K, Leveille JM, Feng H, Abu‐Amara D, Flory JD, Yehuda R, Marmar CR, Baker DG, Bradley B, Koenen KC, Conneely KN, Ressler KJ. Problematic alcohol use associates with sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (SCLT1) in trauma-exposed populations. Addict Biol 2018; 23:1145-1159. [PMID: 29082582 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol use is extremely prevalent in the United States, particularly among trauma-exposed individuals. While several studies have examined genetic influences on alcohol use and related problems, this has not been studied in the context of trauma-exposed populations. We report results from a genome-wide association study of alcohol consumption and associated problems as measured by the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in a trauma-exposed cohort. Results indicate a genome-wide significant association between total AUDIT score and rs1433375 [N = 1036, P = 2.61 × 10-8 (dominant model), P = 7.76 × 10-8 (additive model)], an intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphism located 323 kb upstream of the sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (SCLT1) at 4q28. rs1433375 was also significant in a meta-analysis of two similar, but independent, cohorts (N = 1394, P = 0.0004), the Marine Resiliency Study and Systems Biology PTSD Biomarkers Consortium. Functional analysis indicated that rs1433375 was associated with SCLT1 gene expression and cortical-cerebellar functional connectivity measured via resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Together, findings suggest a role for sodium channel regulation and cerebellar functioning in alcohol use behavior. Identifying mechanisms underlying risk for problematic alcohol use in trauma-exposed populations is critical for future treatment and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Almli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY USA
| | - Jaemin Shin
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging Georgia State University/Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Adam X. Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
- Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health San Diego USA
| | - Caroline M. Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
- Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health San Diego USA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | | | - Kimberly Kerley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jennifer M. Leveille
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Human Genetics Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Duna Abu‐Amara
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury Department of Psychiatry, New York University New York NY USA
| | - Janine D. Flory
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury Department of Psychiatry, New York University New York NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury Department of Psychiatry, New York University New York NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Charles R. Marmar
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury Department of Psychiatry, New York University New York NY USA
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
- Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health San Diego USA
- Psychiatry Services VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego CA USA
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Mental Health Service Line Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Atlanta GA USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | | | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- McLean Hospital Harvard Medical School Belmont MA USA
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19
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Cantacorps L, González-Pardo H, Arias JL, Valverde O, Conejo NM. Altered brain functional connectivity and behaviour in a mouse model of maternal alcohol binge-drinking. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 29526773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and perinatal alcohol exposure caused by maternal alcohol intake during gestation and lactation periods can have long-lasting detrimental effects on the brain development and behaviour of offspring. Children diagnosed with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) display a wide range of cognitive, emotional and motor deficits, together with characteristic morphological abnormalities. Maternal alcohol binge drinking is particularly harmful for foetal and early postnatal brain development, as it involves exposure to high levels of alcohol over short periods of time. However, little is known about the long-term effects of maternal alcohol binge drinking on brain function and behaviour. To address this issue, we used pregnant C57BL/6 female mice with time-limited access to a 20% v/v alcohol solution as a procedure to model alcohol binge drinking during gestation and lactational periods. Male offspring were behaviourally tested during adolescence (30 days) and adulthood (60 days), and baseline neural metabolic capacity of brain regions sensitive to alcohol effects were also evaluated in adult animals from both groups. Our results show that prenatal and postnatal alcohol exposure caused age-dependent changes in spontaneous locomotor activity, increased anxiety-like behaviour and attenuated alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in adults. Also, significant changes in neural metabolic capacity using cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) quantitative histochemistry were found in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, the mammillary bodies, the ventral tegmental area, the lateral habenula and the central lobules of the cerebellum in adult mice with prenatal and postnatal alcohol exposure. In addition, the analysis of interregional CCO activity correlations in alcohol-exposed adult mice showed disrupted functional brain connectivity involving the limbic, brainstem, and cerebellar regions. Finally, increased neurogenesis was found in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of alcohol-exposed offspring, suggesting neuroadaptive effects due to early alcohol exposure. Our results demonstrate that maternal binge-like alcohol drinking causes long-lasting effects on motor and emotional-related behaviours associated with impaired neuronal metabolic capacity and altered functional brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Cantacorps
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Pardo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge L Arias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nélida M Conejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
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20
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Kumar R, Kumar KJ, Benegal V. Cognitive and behavioural dispositions in offspring at high risk for alcoholism. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 35:38-44. [PMID: 29775836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Offspring with family history of alcoholism are considered to be at high risk for alcoholism. The present study sought to expand our understanding of cognitive and behavioural dispositions associated with executive control and self-regulation in alcohol naïve offspring with and without family history of alcoholism. METHODS Sample comprised of alcohol naive offspring in two groups: (i) at high risk (n = 34) and (ii) at low risk for alcoholism (n = 34). Both groups were matched on age (+/-1 year), education (+/-1 year) and gender. Measures used were: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Family Interview for Genetic Studies, Socio-demographic Data Sheet, Annett's Handedness Questionnaire, Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale-version 11, Digit Span Test, Spatial Span Test, Tower of London, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT). RESULTS Results showed that alcohol naive offspring at high risk for alcoholism reported significantly high impulsivity and demonstrated significant differences on executive functions and decision making tasks. Correlation analysis revealed that high impulsivity was significantly associated with poor performance on explicit decision making task (GDT) and executive function task (WCST). There was no significant correlation between two decision making tasks (IGT and GDT) in both groups and performance on IGT was not significantly associated with impulsivity and executive functions. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates cognitive and behavioural dispositions in alcohol naive offspring at high risk for alcoholism and support the sub-optimal balance between reflective and impulsive system responsible for addiction. Furthermore, present study supports separability between two different types of decision making tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Clinical Psychologist, Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), 560029, Bangalore, India.
| | - Keshav Janakiprasad Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), 560029, Bangalore, India.
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), 560029, Bangalore, India.
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21
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Nguyen-Louie TT, Simmons AN, Squeglia LM, Alejandra Infante M, Schacht JP, Tapert SF. Earlier alcohol use onset prospectively predicts changes in functional connectivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1041-1054. [PMID: 29306963 PMCID: PMC5871543 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half of all new alcohol initiates are between 12 and 17 years old. This is a period of intense neurodevelopment, including changes in functional connectivity patterns among higher-order function areas. It is crucial to understand how alcohol-related neurotoxicity may be influenced by drinking onset age. DESIGN This study prospectively examined the effects of age of first drink on frontoparietal context-dependent functional connectivity (cdFC) during a visual working memory task. Youth 13.5 years of age (SD = 1.2) underwent a neuropsychological and neuroimaging session before drinking initiation and at follow-up 6 years later. Hierarchical linear regressions examined if youth with earlier ages of onset for first and weekly alcohol use showed higher follow-up cdFC between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex regions of interest and whole-brain exploratory regions, controlling for pre-drinking cdFC. Higher follow-up cdFC was hypothesized to be correlated with poorer performances in neuropsychological performance. RESULTS Exploratory whole-brain analyses showed that, as hypothesized, earlier ages of weekly drinking onset were associated with higher cdFC between the bilateral posterior cingulate and cortical and subcortical areas implicated in attentional processes, which was in turn associated with poorer performance on neuropsychological tasks of attention, ps < .05. No relationship between age of onset and cdFC between the two ROIs were found. CONCLUSION Earlier ages of weekly alcohol use initiation may adversely affect neurodevelopment by reducing developmentally appropriate integration of attentional circuits during a cognitive challenge. Delaying the onset of weekly alcohol use patterns well after early adolescence may reduce the risk for harm of alcohol use on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T Nguyen-Louie
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan N Simmons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0603), La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Alejandra Infante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0603), La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph P Schacht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0603), La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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Pfefferbaum A, Kwon D, Brumback T, Thomson WK, Cummins K, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Colrain IM, Baker FC, Prouty D, De Bellis MD, Clark DB, Nagel BJ, Chu W, Park SH, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV. Altered Brain Developmental Trajectories in Adolescents After Initiating Drinking. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:370-380. [PMID: 29084454 PMCID: PMC6504929 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought evidence for altered adolescent brain growth trajectory associated with moderate and heavy alcohol use in a large national, multisite, prospective study of adolescents before and after initiation of appreciable alcohol use. METHOD This study examined 483 adolescents (ages 12-21) before initiation of drinking and 1 and 2 years later. At the 2-year assessment, 356 participants continued to meet the study's no/low alcohol consumption entry criteria, 65 had initiated moderate drinking, and 62 had initiated heavy drinking. MRI was used to quantify regional cortical and white matter volumes. Percent change per year (slopes) in adolescents who continued to meet no/low criteria served as developmental control trajectories against which to compare those who initiated moderate or heavy drinking. RESULTS In no/low drinkers, gray matter volume declined throughout adolescence and slowed in many regions in later adolescence. Complementing gray matter declines, white matter regions grew at faster rates at younger ages and slowed toward young adulthood. Youths who initiated heavy drinking exhibited an accelerated frontal cortical gray matter trajectory, divergent from the norm. Although significant effects on trajectories were not observed in moderate drinkers, their intermediate position between no/low and heavy drinkers suggests a dose effect. Neither marijuana co-use nor baseline volumes contributed significantly to the alcohol effect. CONCLUSIONS Initiation of drinking during adolescence, with or without marijuana co-use, disordered normal brain growth trajectories. Factors possibly contributing to abnormal cortical volume trajectories include peak consumption in the past year and family history of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wesley K. Thomson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Kevin Cummins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ian M. Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Michael D. De Bellis
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Research Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA,Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,Correspondence Edith V. Sullivan, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine (MC5723), 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, phone: (650) 859-2880, FAX: (650)859-2743,
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The Cerebellar GABA AR System as a Potential Target for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 248:113-156. [PMID: 29736774 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, fast inhibitory neurotransmission is mediated primarily by the ionotropic subtype of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subtype A (GABAAR). It is well established that the brain's GABAAR system mediates many aspects of neurobehavioral responses to alcohol (ethanol; EtOH). Accordingly, in both preclinical studies and some clinical scenarios, pharmacologically targeting the GABAAR system can alter neurobehavioral responses to acute and chronic EtOH consumption. However, many of the well-established interactions of EtOH and the GABAAR system have been identified at concentrations of EtOH ([EtOH]) that would only occur during abusive consumption of EtOH (≥40 mM), and there are still inadequate treatment options for prevention of or recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD, including abuse and dependence). Accordingly, there is a general acknowledgement that more research is needed to identify and characterize: (1) neurobehavioral targets of lower [EtOH] and (2) associated brain structures that would involve such targets in a manner that may influence the development and maintenance of AUDs.Nearly 15 years ago it was discovered that the GABAAR system of the cerebellum is highly sensitive to EtOH, responding to concentrations as low as 10 mM (as would occur in the blood of a typical adult human after consuming 1-2 standard units of EtOH). This high sensitivity to EtOH, which likely mediates the well-known motor impairing effects of EtOH, combined with recent advances in our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in non-motor, cognitive/emotive/reward processes has renewed interest in this system in the specific context of AUD. In this chapter we will describe recent advances in our understanding of cerebellar processing, actions of EtOH on the cerebellar GABAAR system, and the potential relationship of such actions to the development of AUD. We will finish with speculation about how cerebellar specific GABAAR ligands might be effective pharmacological agents for treating aspects of AUD.
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Liu R, Liu BX, Ma M, Kong D, Li G, Yang J, Wu X, Zheng J, Dong Y. Aberrant prefrontal-parietal-cerebellar circuits in alcohol dependence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:3143-3150. [PMID: 30532545 PMCID: PMC6247957 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s178257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis has the potential to serve as a biological marker to detect alcohol-induced spontaneous brain activities and distinguish the patients with alcohol dependence from the healthy subjects. METHODS We utilized the ALFF analysis to report on the alcohol-induced spontaneous brain activities in 29 patients with alcohol dependence (9 female, 20 male) relative to 29 status-matched healthy subjects (11 female, 18 male). Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to test the ability of the ALFF analysis in discriminating the patients with alcohol dependence from the healthy subjects. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relationships between the signal value of those ALFF differences in brain areas and behavioral characteristics. RESULTS Alcohol-induced brain differences located in the right inferior parietal lobule and right supplementary motor area with significant higher ALFF values, and in the left precuneus and bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe with lower ALFF values. The movement-related areas were significantly correlated with each other (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed good area under the curve values (mean, 0.86±0.079; 0.774-0.951) of the ALFF differences in those specific brain areas, as well as high degree of sensitivities (mean, 80.84%±14.01% or 80%±14.56%; 62.5%-100%) and specificities (mean, 83.32%±9.31%; 70.8%-95.8% or 84.16%±8%; 75%-95.8%). CONCLUSION The ALFF analysis may serve as a biological indicator to detect the spontaneous brain activities in patients with alcohol dependence. The prefrontal-parietal-cerebellar circuit appears to be disturbed by long-term alcoholism in patients with alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bi-Xia Liu
- Department of ICU, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dan Kong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guanglin Li
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junle Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jiyong Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
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25
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Hu Y, Long X, Lyu H, Zhou Y, Chen J. Alterations in White Matter Integrity in Young Adults with Smartphone Dependence. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:532. [PMID: 29163108 PMCID: PMC5673664 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphone dependence (SPD) is increasingly regarded as a psychological problem, however, the underlying neural substrates of SPD is still not clear. High resolution magnetic resonance imaging provides a useful tool to help understand and manage the disorder. In this study, a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to measure white matter integrity in young adults with SPD. A total of 49 subjects were recruited and categorized into SPD and control group based on their clinical behavioral tests. To localize regions with abnormal white matter integrity in SPD, the voxel-wise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) on the whole brain was performed by TBSS. The correlation between the quantitative variables of brain structures and the behavior measures were performed. Our result demonstrated that SPD had significantly lower white matter integrity than controls in superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), superior corona radiata (SCR), internal capsule, external capsule, sagittal stratum, fornix/stria terminalis and midbrain structures. Correlation analysis showed that the observed abnormalities in internal capsule and stria terminalis were correlated with the severity of dependence and behavioral assessments. Our finding facilitated a primary understanding of white matter characteristics in SPD and indicated that the structural deficits might link to behavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanqing Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Hill SY, Lichenstein SD, Wang S, O'Brien J. Volumetric Differences in Cerebellar Lobes in Individuals from Multiplex Alcohol Dependence Families and Controls: Their Relationship to Externalizing and Internalizing Disorders and Working Memory. THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 15:744-754. [PMID: 26589810 PMCID: PMC5097111 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Offspring from families with multiple cases of alcohol dependence have a greater likelihood of developing alcohol dependence and related substance use disorders. Greater susceptibility for these disorders may be related to cerebellar morphology. Because posterior regions of the cerebellum are associated with cognitive abilities, we investigated whether high-risk offspring would display regionally specific differences in cerebellar morphology and whether these would be related to working memory performance. The relationship to externalizing and internalizing psychopathology was of interest because cerebellar morphology has previously been associated with a cognitive affective syndrome. A total of 131 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumes of the cerebellar lobes obtained with manual tracing. These individuals were from high-risk (HR) for alcohol dependence families (N = 72) or from low-risk (LR) control families (N = 59). All were enrolled in a longitudinal follow-up that included repeated clinical assessments during childhood and young-adulthood prior to the scan that provided information on Axis I psychopathology. The Working Memory Index of the Wechsler Memory Scale was given at the time of the scan. Larger volumes of the corpus medullare and inferior posterior lobes and poorer working memory performance were found for the HR offspring relative to LR controls. Across all subjects, a significant positive association between working memory and total volume of corpus of the cerebellum was seen, controlling for familial risk. Presence of an internalizing or externalizing disorder interacting with familial risk was also associated with volume of the corpus medullare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Y Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O' Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O' Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jessica O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Pharmacologically Counteracting a Phenotypic Difference in Cerebellar GABAA Receptor Response to Alcohol Prevents Excessive Alcohol Consumption in a High Alcohol-Consuming Rodent Genotype. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9019-25. [PMID: 27581446 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0042-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cerebellar granule cell GABAA receptor responses to alcohol vary as a function of alcohol consumption phenotype, representing a potential neural mechanism for genetic predilection for alcohol abuse (Kaplan et al., 2013; Mohr et al., 2013). However, there are numerous molecular targets of alcohol in the cerebellum, and it is not known how they interact to affect cerebellar processing during consumption of socially relevant amounts of alcohol. Importantly, direct evidence for a causative role of the cerebellum in alcohol consumption phenotype is lacking. Here we determined that concentrations of alcohol that would be achieved in the blood after consumption of 1-2 standard units (9 mm) suppresses transmission through the cerebellar cortex in low, but not high, alcohol consuming rodent genotypes (DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice, respectively). This genotype-selective suppression is mediated exclusively by enhancement of granule cell GABAA receptor currents, which only occurs in DBA/2J mice. Simulating the DBA/2J cellular phenotype in C57BL/6J mice by infusing the GABAA receptor agonist, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol hydrochloride, into cerebellar lobules IV-VI, in vivo, significantly reduced their alcohol consumption and blood alcohol concentrations achieved. 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol hydrochloride infusions also significantly decreased sucrose consumption, but they did not affect consumption of water or general locomotion. Thus, genetic differences in cerebellar response to alcohol contributes to alcohol consumption phenotype, and targeting the cerebellar GABAA receptor system may be a clinically viable therapeutic strategy for reducing excessive alcohol consumption. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alcohol abuse is a leading cause of preventable death and illness; and although alcohol use disorders are 50%-60% genetically determined, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of such genetic influences are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that genetic differences in cerebellar granule cell GABAA receptor responses to recreational concentrations of alcohol are the primary determinant of alcohol's impact on cerebellar processing and that pharmacologically modifying such responses alters alcohol consumption. These data highlight the cerebellum as an important neuroanatomical region in alcohol consumption phenotype and as a target for pharmacological treatment of alcohol use disorders. The results also add to the growing list of cognitive/emotional roles of the cerebellum in psychiatric disease and drug abuse.
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28
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Holla B, Panda R, Venkatasubramanian G, Biswal B, Bharath RD, Benegal V. Disrupted resting brain graph measures in individuals at high risk for alcoholism. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 265:54-64. [PMID: 28531764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Familial susceptibility to alcoholism is likely to be linked to the externalizing diathesis seen in high-risk offspring from high-density alcohol use disorder (AUD) families. The present study aimed at comparing resting brain functional connectivity and their association with externalizing symptoms and alcoholism familial density in 40 substance-naive high-risk (HR) male offspring from high-density AUD families and 30 matched healthy low-risk (LR) males without a family history of substance dependence using graph theory-based network analysis. The HR subjects from high-density AUD families compared with LR, showed significantly reduced clustering, small-worldness, and local network efficiency. The frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular, sensorimotor and cerebellar networks exhibited significantly reduced functional segregation. These disruptions exhibited independent incremental value in predicting the externalizing symptoms over and above the demographic variables. The reduction of functional segregation in HR subjects was significant across both the younger and older age groups and was proportional to the family loading of AUDs. Detection and estimation of these developmentally relevant disruptions in small-world architecture at critical brain regions sub-serving cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor processes are vital for understanding the familial risk for early onset alcoholism as well as for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of externalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Holla
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
| | - Rajanikant Panda
- Cognitive Neuroscience Centre and Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), University Heights, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Cognitive Neuroscience Centre and Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
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29
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Altered hippocampal volume and functional connectivity in males with Internet gaming disorder comparing to those with alcohol use disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5744. [PMID: 28720860 PMCID: PMC5515845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been conceptualized as a behavioral addiction and shares clinical, neuropsychological, and personality characteristics with alcohol use disorder (AUD), but IGD dose not entail brain exposure to toxic agents, which renders it different from AUD. To achieve a clear understanding of the neurobiological features of IGD, we aimed to identify morphological and functional changes in IGD and compare them with those in AUD. Individuals with IGD showed larger volume in the hippocampus/amygdala and precuneus than healthy controls (HCs). The volume in the hippocampus positively correlated with the symptom severity of IGD. Moreover, functional connectivity analysis with the hippocampus/amygdala cluster revealed that the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex showed stronger functional connectivity in individuals with IGD compared to those with AUD. In contrast, individuals with AUD exhibited the smaller cerebellar volume and thinner medial frontal cortex than HCs. The volume in the cerebellum correlated with impaired working memory function as well as duration of illness in AUD group. Findings suggested that altered volume and functional connectivity in the hippocampus/amygdala in IGD might be associated with abnormally enhanced memory process of gaming-related cues, while abnormal cortical changes and cognitive impairments in AUD might be associated with neurotoxic effects of alcohol.
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30
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Hatchard T, Mioduszewski O, Fall C, Byron-Alhassan A, Fried P, Smith AM. Neural impact of low-level alcohol use on response inhibition: An fMRI investigation in young adults. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Auta J, Zhang H, Pandey SC, Guidotti A. Chronic Alcohol Exposure Differentially Alters One-Carbon Metabolism in Rat Liver and Brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1105-1111. [PMID: 28369960 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation play an important role in regulating the pathophysiology of alcoholism. Chronic alcohol exposure leads to behavioral changes as well as decreased expression of genes associated with synaptic plasticity. In the liver, it has been documented that chronic alcohol exposure impairs methionine synthase (Ms) activity leading to a decrease in S-adenosyl methionine/S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAM/SAH) ratio which results in DNA hypomethylation; however, it is not known whether similar alterations of SAM and SAH levels are also produced in brain. METHODS Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were fed chronically with Lieber-DeCarli ethanol (EtOH) (9% v/v) or control diet. The EtOH-diet-fed rats were withdrawn for 0 and 24 hours. The cerebellum and liver tissues were dissected and used to investigate changes in one-carbon metabolism, SAM, and SAH levels. RESULTS We found that chronic EtOH exposure decreased SAM levels, SAM/SAH ratio, Ms, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and increased methionine adenosyltransferase-2b (Mat2b) but not Mat2a expression in the liver. In contrast, chronic EtOH exposure decreased SAH levels, increased SAM/SAH ratio and the expression of Mat2a and S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase, while the levels of SAM or Bhmt expression in cerebellum remained unaltered. However, in both liver and cerebellum, chronic EtOH exposure decreased the expression of Ms and increased Mat2b expression. All chronic EtOH-induced changes of one-carbon metabolism in cerebellum, but not liver, returned to near-normal levels during EtOH withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a decreased "methylation index" in liver and an increased "methylation index" in cerebellum. The opposing changes of the "methylation index" suggest altered DNA methylation in liver and cerebellum, thus implicating one-carbon metabolism in the pathophysiology of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Auta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics , Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Huaibo Zhang
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics , Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics , Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics , Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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32
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Richardson BD, Rossi DJ. Recreational concentrations of alcohol enhance synaptic inhibition of cerebellar unipolar brush cells via pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:267-279. [PMID: 28381493 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00963.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in cerebellar sensitivity to alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) is a heritable trait associated with alcohol use disorder in humans and high EtOH consumption in rodents, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. A recently identified cellular substrate of cerebellar sensitivity to EtOH, the GABAergic system of cerebellar granule cells (GCs), shows divergent responses to EtOH paralleling EtOH consumption and motor impairment phenotype. Although GCs are the dominant afferent integrator in the cerebellum, such integration is shared by unipolar brush cells (UBCs) in vestibulocerebellar lobes. UBCs receive both GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition, both of which may mediate diverse neurological effects of EtOH. Therefore, the impact of recreational concentrations of EtOH (~10-50 mM) on GABAA receptor (GABAAR)- and glycine receptor (GlyR)-mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) of UBCs in cerebellar slices was characterized. Sprague-Dawley rat (SDR) UBCs exhibited sIPSCs mediated by GABAARs, GlyRs, or both, and EtOH dose-dependently (10, 26, 52 mM) increased their frequency and amplitude. EtOH increased the frequency of glycinergic and GABAergic sIPSCs and selectively enhanced the amplitude of glycinergic sIPSCs. This GlyR-specific enhancement of sIPSC amplitude resulted from EtOH actions at presynaptic Golgi cells and via protein kinase C-dependent direct actions on postsynaptic GlyRs. The magnitude of EtOH-induced increases in UBC sIPSC activity varied across SDRs and two lines of mice, in parallel with their respective alcohol consumption/motor impairment phenotypes. These data indicate that Golgi cell-to-UBC inhibitory synapses are targets of EtOH, which acts at pre- and postsynaptic sites, via Golgi cell excitation and direct GlyR enhancement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Genetic variability in cerebellar alcohol/ethanol sensitivity (ethanol-induced ataxia) predicts ethanol consumption phenotype in rodents and humans, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying genetic differences are largely unknown. Here it is demonstrated that recreational concentrations of alcohol (10-30 mM) enhance glycinergic and GABAergic inhibition of unipolar brush cells through increases in glycine/GABA release and postsynaptic enhancement of glycine receptor-mediated responses. Ethanol effects varied across rodent genotypes parallel to ethanol consumption and motor sensitivity phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben D Richardson
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington; and.,Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - David J Rossi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington; and .,Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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33
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Global white matter microstructural abnormalities associated with addiction liability score in drug naïve youth. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:274-283. [PMID: 28271440 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in brain white matter (WM) structure have been reported in youths having a family history of substance use disorders (SUDs). It was hypothesized that these abnormalities constitute features of the liability for SUDs transmitted across generations. The association between severity of intergenerational risk for SUD, measured by the Transmissible Liability Index (TLI), and white matter microstructure was examined. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measured WM microstructure in forty-four drug-naïve 10-14 year-olds (N = 19 with parental SUD). Metrics of WM microstructure (i.e., fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity) were quantified across the whole brain and in four tracts of interest: anterior corona radiata, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi and superior fronto-occipital fasciculi. The TLI was completed by the youths, their parents and, when available, their teachers. The relationship between WM structure and TLI score across the entire group was evaluated using linear multiple regression and between group comparisons were also examined. Fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity in multiple tracts across the brain were significantly associated with TLI scores. Confirming and extending prior research, the findings indicate that global atypicality in WM tracts was linearly related to liability for eventual SUD development in drug naïve youths.
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Squeglia LM, Cservenka A. Adolescence and Drug Use Vulnerability: Findings from Neuroimaging. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2017; 13:164-170. [PMID: 28111629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for developing substance use disorder. Recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have elucidated underlying neural vulnerabilities that contribute to initiation of substance use during adolescence. Findings suggest poorer performance on tasks of inhibition and working memory, smaller brain volumes in reward and cognitive control regions, less brain activation during executive functioning tasks, and heightened reward responsivity are predictive of youth initiating substance use during adolescence. In youth who are family history positive (FHP) for substance use disorder, poorer executive functioning, smaller volume of limbic brain regions (e.g., amygdala), sex-specific patterns of hippocampal volume, and a positive association between nucleus accumbens volume and family history density have been reported. Further, reduced white matter integrity, altered brain response during inhibitory control, including both greater and less frontal lobe response, blunted emotional processing, and weaker neural connectivity have also been found in FHP youth. Thus, there is significant overlap among the neural precursors shown to be predictive of alcohol and substance use initiation during adolescence and those that distinguish FHP from youth without a family history of substance use disorder, suggesting common targets for prevention and intervention. Understanding these predictive factors helps identify at-risk youth for prevention efforts, as well as create interventions targeting cognitive weaknesses or brain regions involved in substance use initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, MSC 861, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anita Cservenka
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, 2950 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Zahr NM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Perspectives on fronto-fugal circuitry from human imaging of alcohol use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:189-200. [PMID: 28118989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Descriptions of the cognitive functions affected by alcohol use disorders (AUD) often highlight dysfunction of executive processes such attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Such complex cognitive functions have historically been ascribed to the prefrontal cortex. AUD, however, disrupts extensive areas of the brain. Structural and functional MRI studies suggest a central role for degradation of circuitry originating in the prefrontal cortex including nodes in widespread brain regions. This review features fronto-fugal circuits affected by AUD including frontocerebellar, frontolimbic, and frontostriatal networks and their relations to the salient, enduring, and debilitating cognitive and motor deficits reported in AUD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Department, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Department, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Kaplan JS, Mohr C, Hostetler CM, Ryabinin AE, Finn DA, Rossi DJ. Alcohol Suppresses Tonic GABAA Receptor Currents in Cerebellar Granule Cells in the Prairie Vole: A Neural Signature of High-Alcohol-Consuming Genotypes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1617-26. [PMID: 27426857 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that the cerebellum plays a role in genetic predilection to excessive alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) consumption in rodents and humans, but the molecular mechanisms mediating such predilection are not understood. We recently determined that EtOH has opposite actions (enhancement or suppression) on tonic GABAA receptor (GABAA R) currents in cerebellar granule cells (GCs) in low- and high-EtOH-consuming rodents, respectively, and proposed that variation in GC tonic GABAA R current responses to EtOH contributes to genetic variation in EtOH consumption phenotype. METHODS Voltage-clamp recordings of GCs in acutely prepared slices of cerebellum were used to evaluate the effect of EtOH on GC tonic GABAA R currents in another high-EtOH-consuming rodent, prairie voles (PVs). RESULTS EtOH (52 mM) suppressed the magnitude of the tonic GABAA R current in 57% of cells, had no effect in 38% of cells, and enhanced the tonic GABAA R current in 5% of cells. This result is similar to GCs from high-EtOH-consuming C57BL/6J (B6) mice, but it differs from the enhancement of tonic GABAA R currents by EtOH in low-EtOH-consuming DBA/2J (D2) mice and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. EtOH suppression of tonic GABAA R currents was not affected by the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (500 nM), and was independent of the frequency of phasic GABAA R-mediated currents, suggesting that suppression is mediated by postsynaptic actions on GABAA Rs, rather than a reduction of GABA release. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; which can mediate EtOH enhancement of GABA release) demonstrated that nNOS expression in the GC layer of PV cerebellum was similar to the levels seen in B6 mice, both being significantly reduced relative to D2 mice and SD rats. CONCLUSIONS Combined, these data highlight the GC GABAA R response to EtOH in another species, the high-EtOH-consuming PV, which correlates with EtOH consumption phenotype and further implicates the GC GABAA R system as a contributing mechanism to high EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Kaplan
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Caroline M Hostetler
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Andrey E Ryabinin
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Deborah A Finn
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - David J Rossi
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Dar MS. Ethanol-Induced Cerebellar Ataxia: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 14:447-65. [PMID: 25578036 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is an important target of ethanol toxicity given that cerebellar ataxia is the most consistent physical manifestation of acute ethanol consumption. Despite the significance of the cerebellum in ethanol-induced cerebellar ataxia (EICA), the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EICA are incompletely understood. However, two important findings have shed greater light on this phenomenon. First, ethanol-induced blockade of cerebellar adenosine uptake in rodent models points to a role for adenosinergic A1 modulation of EICA. Second, the consistent observation that intracerebellar administration of nicotine in mice leads to antagonism of EICA provides evidence for a critical role of cerebellar nitric oxide (NO) in EICA reversal. Based on these two important findings, this review discusses the potential molecular events at two key synaptic sites (mossy fiber-granule cell-Golgi cell (MGG synaptic site) and granule cell parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (GPP synaptic site) that lead to EICA. Specifically, ethanol-induced neuronal NOS inhibition at the MGG synaptic site acts as a critical trigger for Golgi cell activation which leads to granule cell deafferentation. Concurrently, ethanol-induced inhibition of adenosine uptake at the GPP synaptic site produces adenosine accumulation which decreases glutamate release and leads to the profound activation of Purkinje cells (PCs). These molecular events at the MGG and GPP synaptic sites are mutually reinforcing and lead to cerebellar dysfunction, decreased excitatory output of deep cerebellar nuclei, and EICA. The critical importance of PCs as the sole output of the cerebellar cortex suggests normalization of PC function could have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saeed Dar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA,
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Sullivan EV, Brumback T, Tapert SF, Fama R, Prouty D, Brown SA, Cummins K, Thompson WK, Colrain IM, Baker FC, De Bellis MD, Hooper SR, Clark DB, Chung T, Nagel BJ, Nichols BN, Rohlfing T, Chu W, Pohl KM, Pfefferbaum A. Cognitive, emotion control, and motor performance of adolescents in the NCANDA study: Contributions from alcohol consumption, age, sex, ethnicity, and family history of addiction. Neuropsychology 2016; 30:449-73. [PMID: 26752122 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate development of cognitive and motor functions in healthy adolescents and to explore whether hazardous drinking affects the normal developmental course of those functions. METHOD Participants were 831 adolescents recruited across 5 United States sites of the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence 692 met criteria for no/low alcohol exposure, and 139 exceeded drinking thresholds. Cross-sectional, baseline data were collected with computerized and traditional neuropsychological tests assessing 8 functional domains expressed as composite scores. General additive modeling evaluated factors potentially modulating performance (age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and pubertal developmental stage). RESULTS Older no/low-drinking participants achieved better scores than younger ones on 5 accuracy composites (general ability, abstraction, attention, emotion, and balance). Speeded responses for attention, motor speed, and general ability were sensitive to age and pubertal development. The exceeds-threshold group (accounting for age, sex, and other demographic factors) performed significantly below the no/low-drinking group on balance accuracy and on general ability, attention, episodic memory, emotion, and motor speed scores and showed evidence for faster speed at the expense of accuracy. Delay Discounting performance was consistent with poor impulse control in the younger no/low drinkers and in exceeds-threshold drinkers regardless of age. CONCLUSIONS Higher achievement with older age and pubertal stage in general ability, abstraction, attention, emotion, and balance suggests continued functional development through adolescence, possibly supported by concurrently maturing frontal, limbic, and cerebellar brain systems. Determination of whether low scores by the exceeds-threshold group resulted from drinking or from other preexisting factors requires longitudinal study. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Kevin Cummins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | | | | | | | - Michael D De Bellis
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | | | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Sciences University
| | - B Nolan Nichols
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Neurobiological phenotypes associated with a family history of alcoholism. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 158:8-21. [PMID: 26559000 PMCID: PMC4698007 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a family history of alcoholism are at much greater risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) than youth or adults without such history. A large body of research suggests that there are premorbid differences in brain structure and function in family history positive (FHP) individuals relative to their family history negative (FHN) peers. METHODS This review summarizes the existing literature on neurobiological phenotypes present in FHP youth and adults by describing findings across neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies. RESULTS Neuroimaging studies have shown FHP individuals differ from their FHN peers in amygdalar, hippocampal, basal ganglia, and cerebellar volume. Both increased and decreased white matter integrity has been reported in FHP individuals compared with FHN controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have found altered inhibitory control and working memory-related brain response in FHP youth and adults, suggesting neural markers of executive functioning may be related to increased vulnerability for developing AUDs in this population. Additionally, brain activity differences in regions involved in bottom-up reward and emotional processing, such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, have been shown in FHP individuals relative to their FHN peers. CONCLUSIONS It is critical to understand premorbid neural characteristics that could be associated with cognitive, reward-related, or emotional risk factors that increase risk for AUDs in FHP individuals. This information may lead to the development of neurobiologically informed prevention and intervention studies focused on reducing the incidence of AUDs in high-risk youth and adults.
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Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Manz N, Stimus AT, Anokhin AP, Bauer LO, Kuperman S, Kramer J, Bucholz KK, Schuckit MA, Hesselbrock VM, Porjesz B. Deficient Event-Related Theta Oscillations in Individuals at Risk for Alcoholism: A Study of Reward Processing and Impulsivity Features. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142659. [PMID: 26580209 PMCID: PMC4651365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals at high risk to develop alcoholism often manifest neurocognitive deficits as well as increased impulsivity. Event-related oscillations (EROs) have been used to effectively measure brain (dys)function during cognitive tasks in individuals with alcoholism and related disorders and in those at risk to develop these disorders. The current study examines ERO theta power during reward processing as well as impulsivity in adolescent and young adult subjects at high risk for alcoholism. METHODS EROs were recorded during a monetary gambling task (MGT) in 12-25 years old participants (N = 1821; males = 48%) from high risk alcoholic families (HR, N = 1534) and comparison low risk community families (LR, N = 287) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Impulsivity scores and prevalence of externalizing diagnoses were also compared between LR and HR groups. RESULTS HR offspring showed lower theta power and decreased current source density (CSD) activity than LR offspring during loss and gain conditions. Younger males had higher theta power than younger females in both groups, while the older HR females showed more theta power than older HR males. Younger subjects showed higher theta power than older subjects in each comparison. Differences in topography (i.e., frontalization) between groups were also observed. Further, HR subjects across gender had higher impulsivity scores and increased prevalence of externalizing disorders compared to LR subjects. CONCLUSIONS As theta power during reward processing is found to be lower not only in alcoholics, but also in HR subjects, it is proposed that reduced reward-related theta power, in addition to impulsivity and externalizing features, may be related in a predisposition to develop alcoholism and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - David B. Chorlian
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Niklas Manz
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Arthur T. Stimus
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrey P. Anokhin
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Lance O. Bauer
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | | | - John Kramer
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
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Alhassoon OM, Sorg SF, Stern MJ, Hall MG, Wollman SC. Neuroimaging in alcohol-use disorders: clinical implications and future directions. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in clinical research have led to significant alterations in diagnostic criteria for alcohol-use disorders (AUD). Neuroimaging techniques are now being called upon to shed light on the validity and clinical utility of diagnostic criteria. For example, craving has recently been added to the diagnostic criteria of AUD based mainly on neurobiological research. In addition to understanding the nuances of the craving process, neuroimaging techniques are helping determine the biological factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of the disorder and offer insight into the mechanisms underlying treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide a clinically relevant summary of the neuroimaging research that has impacted our understanding of the etiology, treatment and recovery in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Alhassoon
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott F Sorg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark J Stern
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Matthew G Hall
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Scott C Wollman
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
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Crowley TJ, Dalwani MS, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Young SE, Sakai JT, Raymond KM, McWilliams SK, Roark MJ, Banich MT. Adolescents' Neural Processing of Risky Decisions: Effects of Sex and Behavioral Disinhibition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132322. [PMID: 26176860 PMCID: PMC4503769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accidental injury and homicide, relatively common among adolescents, often follow risky behaviors; those are done more by boys and by adolescents with greater behavioral disinhibition (BD). Hypothesis Neural processing during adolescents' risky decision-making will differ in youths with greater BD severity, and in males vs. females, both before cautious behaviors and before risky behaviors. Methodology/Principal Findings 81 adolescents (Patients with substance and conduct problems, and comparison youths (Comparisons)), assessed in a 2 x 2 design (Patients:Comparisons x Male:Female) repeatedly decided between doing a cautious behavior that earned 1 cent, or a risky one that either won 5 or lost 10 cents. Odds of winning after risky responses gradually decreased. Functional magnetic resonance imaging captured brain activity during 4-sec deliberation periods preceding responses. Most neural activation appeared in known decision-making structures. Patients, who had more severe BD scores and clinical problems than Comparisons, also had extensive neural hypoactivity. Comparisons' greater activation before cautious responses included frontal pole, medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and other regions; and before risky responses, insula, temporal, and parietal regions. Males made more risky and fewer cautious responses than females, but before cautious responses males activated numerous regions more than females. Before risky behaviors female-greater activation was more posterior, and male-greater more anterior. Conclusions/Significance Neural processing differences during risky-cautious decision-making may underlie group differences in adolescents' substance-related and antisocial risk-taking. Patients reported harmful real-life decisions and showed extensive neural hypoactivity during risky-or-cautious decision-making. Males made more risky responses than females; apparently biased toward risky decisions, males (compared with females) utilized many more neural resources to make and maintain cautious decisions, indicating an important risk-related brain sexual dimorphism. The results suggest new possibilities for prevention and management of excessive, dangerous adolescent risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Crowley
- Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Manish S. Dalwani
- Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Mikulich-Gilbertson
- Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Young
- Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Sakai
- Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Raymond
- Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shannon K. McWilliams
- Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Roark
- Division of Substance Dependence, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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Brumback T, Squeglia LM, Jacobus J, Pulido C, Tapert SF, Brown SA. Adolescent heavy drinkers' amplified brain responses to alcohol cues decrease over one month of abstinence. Addict Behav 2015; 46:45-52. [PMID: 25796007 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy drinking during adolescence is associated with increased reactivity to alcohol related stimuli and to differential neural development. Alcohol cue reactivity has been widely studied among adults with alcohol use disorders, but little is known about the neural substrates of cue reactivity in adolescent drinkers. The current study aimed to identify changes in blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal during a cue reactivity task pre- and post-monitored abstinence from alcohol. METHOD Demographically matched adolescents (16.0-18.9 years, 54% female) with histories of heavy episodic drinking (HD; n=22) and light or non-drinking control teens (CON; n=16) were recruited to participate in a month-long study. All participants completed a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scan with an alcohol cue reactivity task and substance use assessments at baseline and after 28 days of monitored abstinence from alcohol and drugs (i.e., urine toxicology testing every 48-72 h). Repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined main effects of group, time, and group×time interactions on BOLD signal response in regions of interest defined by functional differences at baseline. RESULTS The HD group exhibited greater (p<.01) BOLD activation than CON to alcohol cues relative to neutral cues in all regions of interest (ROIs; bilateral striatum/globus pallidus, left anterior cingulate, bilateral cerebellum, and parahippocampal gyrus extending to the thalamus/substantia nigra) across time points. Group×time effects showed that HD exhibited greater BOLD activation to alcohol cues than CON at baseline in left anterior cingulate cortex and in the right cerebellar region, but these decreased to non-significance after one month of monitored abstinence. CONCLUSIONS In all ROIs examined, HD exhibited greater BOLD response than CON to alcohol relative to neutral beverage picture cues at baseline, indicating heightened cue reactivity to alcohol cues in heavy drinking adolescents prior to the onset of any alcohol use diagnosis. Across the majority of these brain regions, differences in BOLD response were no longer apparent following a month of abstinence, suggesting a decrease in alcohol cue reactivity among adolescent non-dependent heavy drinkers as a consequence of abstaining from alcohol. These results highlight the malleability of adolescent brain function despite no formal intervention targeting cue reactivity. Increased understanding of the neural underpinnings of cue reactivity could have implications for prevention and intervention strategies in adolescent heavy alcohol users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Brumback
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Pulido
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Thayer RE, Montanaro E, Weiland BJ, Callahan TJ, Bryan AD. Exploring the relationship of functional network connectivity to latent trajectories of alcohol use and risky sex. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:293-300. [PMID: 25053362 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140721124441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is a major risk factor associated with unprotected sexual behavior, leading to higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Emerging largely cross-sectional data suggest functional network connectivity strength is associated with problematic alcohol use, and as evidence supports a relationship between risky sexual behaviors and alcohol use, we hypothesized that functional connectivity might be associated with both categories of risk behavior. As part of a sexual risk reduction intervention study, juvenile justice-involved adolescents (N = 239) underwent a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and completed questionnaires about their alcohol use and risky sexual behavior at 3-month intervals over 12 months of follow up. To test both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors, we estimated a parallel process latent growth model that simultaneously modeled the trajectories of alcohol use and sexual risk behavior. Functional connectivity strength was included as an exogenous variable to evaluate its relationship with level of risk and change in risk over time in both behaviors. Associations were found between baseline alcohol use and risky sex, and between longitudinal trajectories of alcohol use and risky sex. Network functional connectivity strength of the dorsal default mode network was associated with initial and longitudinal alcohol use, which may suggest that self-awareness of the effects of alcohol could serve as a useful target to decrease subsequent risky sexual behavior in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA.
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Colrain IM. Family history of alcoholism and brain activation: commentary on "Increased forebrain activations in youths with family histories of alcohol and other substance use disorders performing a Go/No-Go task". Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:403-4. [PMID: 25704052 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Hatchard T, Smith AM, Halchuk RE, Longo CA, Fried PA, Hogan MJ, Cameron I. Effects of low-level alcohol use on cognitive interference: an fMRI study in young adults. Alcohol 2015; 49:7-13. [PMID: 25477199 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is widely known to adversely affect human health. Its neuropathology is largely evident in the cerebellum and frontal lobes, particularly in the immature brains of adolescents and young adults. It may also have a long-lasting impact on executive functioning. The Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study (OPPS) has followed participants over 20 years, from birth to young adulthood, and has collected data on potentially confounding lifestyle variables, such as prenatal drug exposure and current drug use. The present study investigated the neural activity of 29 young adults from the OPPS using fMRI. The main objective was to discover the impact of regular low-level alcohol consumption on the cognitive interference of these participants, as they performed a Counting Stroop task. Results indicated that, despite a lack of performance differences, young adults who use alcohol on a regular basis differ significantly from non-users with respect to their neural activity as they perform this task. Areas that were significantly more activated in users compared to non-users included the cerebellum, thalamus, fusiform gyrus, prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. The observed activity suggests a significant impact of early alcohol use on neurocognitive functioning despite relatively low levels of alcohol consumption.
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Cservenka A. Advances in Human Neuroconnectivity Research: Applications for Understanding Familial History Risk for Alcoholism. Alcohol Res 2015; 37:89-95. [PMID: 26259090 PMCID: PMC4476606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in brain imaging have allowed researchers to further study the networks connecting brain regions. Specifically, research examining the functioning of these networks in groups with a genetic predisposition for alcoholism has found atypical circuitry in the brains of such individuals. Further research with larger sample sizes and multimodal method integration are necessary to confirm these intriguing findings.
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Cservenka A, Gillespie AJ, Michael PG, Nagel BJ. Family history density of alcoholism relates to left nucleus accumbens volume in adolescent girls. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 76:47-56. [PMID: 25486393 PMCID: PMC4263780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A family history of alcoholism is a significant risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Because common structural abnormalities are present in reward and affective brain regions in alcoholics and those with familial alcoholism, the current study examined the relationship between familial loading of AUDs and volumes of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in largely alcohol-naive adolescents, ages 12-16 years (N = 140). METHOD The amygdala and NAcc were delineated on each participant's T1-weighted anatomical scan, using FMRIB Software Library's FMRIB Integrated Registration & Segmentation Tool, and visually inspected for accuracy and volume outliers. In the 140 participants with accurate segmentation (75 male/65 female), subcortical volumes were represented as a ratio to intracranial volume (ICV). A family history density (FHD) score was calculated for each adolescent based on the presence of AUDs in first- and second-degree relatives (range: 0.03-1.50; higher scores represent a greater prevalence of familial AUDs). Multiple regressions, with age and sex controlled for, examined the association between FHD and left and right amygdala and NAcc volume/ICV. RESULTS There was a significant positive relationship between FHD and left NAcc volume/ICV (ΔR² = .04, p = .02). Post hoc regressions indicated that this effect was only significant in females (ΔR² = .11, p = .006). CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that the degree of familial alcoholism, genetic or otherwise, is associated with alterations in reward-related brain structure. Further work will be necessary to examine whether FHD is related to future alcohol-related problems and reward-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cservenka
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alicia J Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Paul G Michael
- School of Professional Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Hill SY, Wang S, Carter H, McDermott MD, Zezza N, Stiffler S. Amygdala Volume in Offspring from Multiplex for Alcohol Dependence Families: The Moderating Influence of Childhood Environment and 5-HTTLPR Variation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; Suppl 1. [PMID: 25285331 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.s1-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased susceptibility for developing alcohol dependence seen in offspring from families with alcohol dependence may be related to structural and functional differences in brain circuits that influence emotional processing. Early childhood environment, genetic variation in the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) of the SLCA4 gene and allelic variation in the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) gene have each been reported to be related to volumetric differences in the temporal lobe especially the amygdala. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was used to obtain amygdala volumes for 129 adolescent/young adult individuals who were either High-Risk (HR) offspring from families with multiple cases of alcohol dependence (N=71) or Low-Risk (LR) controls (N=58). Childhood family environment was measured prospectively using age-appropriate versions of the Family Environment Scale during a longitudinal follow-up study. The subjects were genotyped for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met and the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). Two family environment scale scores (Cohesion and Conflict), genotypic variation, and their interaction were tested for their association with amygdala volumes. Personal and prenatal exposure to alcohol and drugs were considered in statistical analyses in order to more accurately determine the effects of familial risk group differences. RESULTS Amygdala volume was reduced in offspring from families with multiple alcohol dependent members in comparison to offspring from control families. High-Risk offspring who were carriers of the S variant of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism had reduced amygdala volume in comparison to those with an LL genotype. Larger amygdala volume was associated with greater family cohesion but only in Low-Risk control offspring. CONCLUSIONS Familial risk for alcohol dependence is an important predictor of amygdala volume even when removing cases with significant personal exposure and covarying for prenatal exposure effects. The present study provides new evidence that amygdala volume is modified by 5-HTTLPR variation in High-Risk families.
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Squeglia LM, Jacobus J, Brumback T, Meloy MJ, Tapert SF. White matter integrity in alcohol-naive youth with a family history of alcohol use disorders. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2775-86. [PMID: 25066702 PMCID: PMC4134398 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding pre-existing neural vulnerabilities found in youth who are family history positive (FHP) for alcohol use disorders could help inform preventative interventions created to delay initiation age and escalation of heavy drinking. The goal of this study was to compare indices of white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) between FHP and family history negative (FHN) youth using a sample of 94 alcohol-naive adolescents and to examine if differences were associated with global and domain-specific cognitive functioning. METHOD Participants were 48 FHP and 46 FHN demographically matched, healthy, substance-naive 12- to 14-year-olds (54% female) recruited from local middle schools. Participants completed a neuropsychological test battery and magnetic resonance imaging session, including DTI. RESULTS FHP youth had higher fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity, and lower radial and mean diffusivity, than FHN youth in 19 clusters spanning projection, association and interhemispheric white matter tracts. Findings were replicated after controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status, grade and pubertal development. Groups did not differ significantly on global or domain-specific neuropsychological test scores. CONCLUSIONS FHP teens showed higher white matter integrity, but similar cognitive functioning, to FHN youth. More mature neural features could be related to more precocious behaviors, such as substance use initiation, in FHP youth. Future research exploring white matter maturation before and after substance use initiation will help elucidate the neurodevelopmental trajectories in youth at risk for substance use disorders, to inform preventive efforts and better understand the sequelae of adolescent alcohol and drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Squeglia
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J. Jacobus
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T. Brumback
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M. J. Meloy
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S. F. Tapert
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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