1
|
LoTemplio SB, Lopes CL, McDonnell AS, Scott EE, Payne BR, Strayer DL. Updating the relationship of the Ne/ERN to task-related behavior: A brief review and suggestions for future research. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1150244. [PMID: 37082151 PMCID: PMC10110987 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1150244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The error negativity/error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) is one of the most well-studied event-related potential (ERP) components in the electroencephalography (EEG) literature. Peaking about 50 ms after the commission of an error, the Ne/ERN is a negative deflection in the ERP waveform that is thought to reflect error processing in the brain. While its relationships to trait constructs such as anxiety are well-documented, there is still little known about how the Ne/ERN may subsequently influence task-related behavior. In other words, does the occurrence of the Ne/ERN trigger any sort of error corrective process, or any other behavioral adaptation to avoid errors? Several theories have emerged to explain how the Ne/ERN may implement or affect behavior on a task, but evidence supporting each has been mixed. In the following manuscript, we review these theories, and then systematically discuss the reasons that there may be discrepancies in the literature. We review both the inherent biological factors of the neural regions that underlie error-processing in the brain, and some of the researcher-induced factors in analytic and experimental choices that may be exacerbating these discrepancies. We end with a table of recommendations for future researchers who aim to understand the relationship between the Ne/ERN and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. LoTemplio
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Sara B. LoTemplio,
| | - Clara Louise Lopes
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amy S. McDonnell
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Emily E. Scott
- Department of Psychology, Vermont State University, Johnson, VT, United States
| | - Brennan R. Payne
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - David L. Strayer
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Psychological resilience mediates the association of the middle frontal gyrus functional connectivity with sleep quality. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2735-2743. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
3
|
Luckhoff HK, Asmal L, Scheffler F, Phahladira L, Smit R, van den Heuvel L, Fouche JP, Seedat S, Emsley R, du Plessis S. Associations between BMI and brain structures involved in food intake regulation in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:250-259. [PMID: 35753245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural brain differences have been described in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FES), and often overlap with those evident in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined the associations between body mass index (BMI) and brain structures involved in food intake regulation in minimally treated FES patients (n = 117) compared to healthy controls (n = 117). The effects of FES diagnosis, BMI and their interactions on our selected prefrontal cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter volume regions of interest (ROIs) were investigated with hierarchical multivariate regressions, followed by post-hoc regressions for the individual ROIs. In a secondary analysis, we examined the relationships of other MetS risk factors and psychopathology with the brain ROIs. Both illness and BMI significantly predicted the grouped prefrontal cortical thickness ROIs, whereas only BMI predicted the grouped subcortical volume ROIs. For the individual ROIs, schizophrenia diagnosis predicted thinner left and right frontal pole and right lateral OFC thickness, and increased BMI predicted thinner left and right caudal ACC thickness. There were no significant main or interaction effects for diagnosis and BMI on any of the individual subcortical volume ROIs. Secondary analyses suggest associations between several brain ROIs and individual MetS risk factors, but not with psychopathology. Our findings indicate differential, independent effects for FES diagnosis and BMI on brain structures. Limited evidence suggests that the BMI effects are more prominent in FES. Exploratory analyses suggest associations between other MetS risk factors and some brain ROIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H K Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa.
| | - L Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| | - F Scheffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| | - L Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| | - R Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| | - L van den Heuvel
- South African Medical Research Council, Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| | - J P Fouche
- South African Medical Research Council, Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| | - S Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| | - R Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| | - S du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan Y, Yan R, Gao Y, Zhang M, Northoff G. Spatial-topographic nestedness of interoceptive regions within the networks of decision making and emotion regulation: Combining ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119500. [PMID: 35872175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prominent theories propose that interoception modulates our behavioral and emotional responses involving decision-making and emotion regulation. Are the regions implicated in interoception also spatially related to and possibly nested within the networks of decision making and emotion regulation? Addressing this question, we performed three meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to identify the regions that are commonly activated by the three domains using activation likelihood estimation (ALE). Additionally, we assessed the coactivation pattern of identified common regions using meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM). The results showed major overlaps of interoception with both decision making and emotion regulation in specifically the right dorsal anterior insula. The pairwise contrast analyses confirmed this finding and revealed conjunction-based activities in decision making and emotion regulation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). MACM based on the identified insula revealed a widespread convergent coactivation pattern with the left anterior insula, dACC, and bilateral thalamus which, together, constitute the salience network. Among these co-activated regions, bilateral insula and the dACC were shared among all three domains. These results suggest that the regions mediating interoception including intero-exteroceptive integration and salience attribution are contained and thus spatially nested within the more extensive networks recruited during decision making and emotion regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Tan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ranran Yan
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China; Mental Illness and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Xinxiang (Xinxiang Medical University), Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada; Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang Province, China; Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Supraspinal Neural Changes in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Undergoing Bladder Outlet Procedures: a Pilot Functional MRI Study. Urology 2022; 169:173-179. [PMID: 35863497 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore brain activation patterns on functional MRI (fMRI) in men with BPH and BOO before and after outlet obstruction procedures. METHODS Men age ≥ 45 who failed conservative BPH therapy planning to undergo BOO procedures were recruited. Eligible men underwent a concurrent fMRI/urodynamics testing before and six months after BOO procedure. fMRI images were obtained via 3 Tesla MRI. Significant blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal activated voxels (p<0.05) were identified at strong desire to void and (attempt at) voiding initiation pre and post BOO procedure. RESULTS Eleven men were enrolled, of which seven men completed the baseline scan, and four men completed the six-month follow-up scan. Baseline decreased BOLD activity was observed in right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), bilateral insula, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and thalamus. Significant changes in BOLD signal activity following BOO procedures were observed in the insula, IFG, and cingulate cortices. CONCLUSIONS This represents a pilot study evaluating cortical activity in men with BPH and BOO. Despite limitations we found important changes in supraspinal activity in men with BPH and BOO during filling and emptying phases at baseline and following BOO procedure, with the potential to improve our understanding of neuroplasticity secondary to BPH and BOO. This preliminary data may serve as the foundation for larger future trials.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bou Kheir G, Verbakel I, Hervé F, Bauters W, Abou Karam A, Holm-Larsen T, Van Laecke E, Everaert K. OAB supraspinal control network, transition with age, and effect of treatment: A systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn 2022; 41:1224-1239. [PMID: 35537063 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In light of a better understanding of supraspinal control of nonneurogenic overactive bladder (OAB), the prevalence of which increases with age, functional imaging has gained significant momentum. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review on the transition of supraspinal control of OAB with age, the effect of therapeutic modalities, and a coordinate-based meta-analysis of all neuroimaging evidence on supraspinal OAB control in response to bladder filling. METHODOLOGY We performed a systematic literature search of all relevant libraries in November 2021. The coordinates of brain activity were extracted from eligible neuroimaging studies to perform an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 16 studies out of 241 were selected for our systematic review. Coordinates were extracted from five experiments involving 70 patients. ALE meta-analysis showed activation of the insula, supplementary motor area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and temporal gyrus with a transition of activation patterns with age, using a threshold of uncorrected p < 0.001. Among young patients, neuroplasticity allows the activation of accessory circuits to maintain continence, as in the cerebellum and temporoparietal lobes. Anticholinergics, pelvic floor muscle training, sacral neuromodulation, and hypnotherapy are correlated with supraspinal changes attributed to adaptability and possibly a substratum of an intrinsic supraspinal component. The latter is better demonstrated by a resting-state functional connectivity analysis, a promising tool to phenotype OAB with recent successful models of predicting severity and response to behavioral treatments. CONCLUSION Future neuroimaging studies are necessary to better define an OAB neurosignature to allocate patients to successful treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Bou Kheir
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irina Verbakel
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François Hervé
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Bauters
- Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anthony Abou Karam
- Department of Radiology, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tove Holm-Larsen
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Van Laecke
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Everaert
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Navarro-Cebrián A, Fischer J. Precise functional connections between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and areas recruited for physical inference. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3660-3673. [PMID: 35441423 PMCID: PMC9544738 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has identified brain areas that are engaged when people predict how the physical behavior of the world will unfold - an ability termed intuitive physics. Among the many unanswered questions about the neural mechanisms of intuitive physics is where the key inputs come from: which brain regions connect up with intuitive physics processes to regulate when and how they are engaged in service of our goals? In the present work, we targeted the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) for study based on characteristics that make it well-positioned to regulate intuitive physics processes. The dACC is richly interconnected with frontoparietal regions and is implicated in mapping contexts to actions, a process that would benefit from physical predictions to indicate which action(s) would produce the desired physical outcomes. We collected resting state functional MRI data in seventeen participants and used independent task-related runs to find the pattern of activity during a physical inference task in each individual participant. We found that the strongest resting state functional connections of the dACC not only aligned well with physical inference-related activity at the group level, it also mirrored individual differences in the positioning of physics-related activity across participants. Our results suggest that the dACC might be a key structure for regulating the engagement of intuitive physics processes in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navarro-Cebrián
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jason Fischer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McIntosh RC, Lobo J, Paparozzi J, Goodman Z, Kornfeld S, Nomi J. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a transdiagnostic biomarker of depression and structural and functional brain alterations in older adults. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 365:577831. [PMID: 35217366 PMCID: PMC11092564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N:L) is an emergent transdiagnostic biomarker shown to predict peripheral inflammation as well as neuropsychiatric impairment. The afferent signaling of inflammation to the central nervous system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of sickness behavior and depression. Here, the N:L was compared to structural and functional limbic alterations found concomitant with depression within a geriatric cohort. Venous blood was collected for a complete blood count, and magnetic resonance imaging as well as phenotypic data were collected from the 66 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65-86 years). The N:L was regressed on gray matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC). Thresholded parameter estimates were extracted from structural and functional brain scans and bivariate associations tested with scores on the geriatric depression scale. Greater N:L predicted lower volume of hypothalamus and rsFC of sgACC with ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Both parameters were correlated (p < 0.05) with greater symptomology in those reporting moderate to severe levels of depression. These findings support the N:L as a transdiagnostic biomarker of limbic alteration underpinning mood disturbance in non-treated older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger C McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America.
| | - Judith Lobo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Paparozzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| | - Zach Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| | - Salome Kornfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| | - Jason Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ueta K, Mizuguchi N, Sugiyama T, Isaka T, Otomo S. The Motor Engram of Functional Connectivity Generated by Acute Whole-Body Dynamic Balance Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:598-608. [PMID: 34772904 PMCID: PMC8920009 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Whole-body dynamic balance is necessary for both athletic activities and activities of daily living. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute dynamic balance training on neural networks. Methods We evaluated resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC), white matter fiber density, fiber-bundle cross-section, and gray matter volume in 28 healthy young adults (14 women) before and after 30 min of slackline training using a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design. Results The rs-FC between the left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the foot area of the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex increased significantly after slackline training compared with that after a control condition involving ergometer-based aerobic exercise. In addition, changes in rs-FC between the left lateral PFC and the primary sensorimotor were correlated with performance changes after training (i.e., offline process) rather than online learning. We also observed a main effect of time between the hippocampus and the cingulate cortex, including the anterior areas, and between the bilateral lateral PFC. Although we observed no structural changes, fiber density in the commissural fiber pathway before the first balance assessment was correlated with initial balance capability. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that acute whole-body dynamic balance training alters specific rs-FC, and that this change is associated with performance changes after training. In addition, rs-FC changes in cognitive regions were modulated by both acute dynamic balance training and aerobic exercise. These findings have the potential to influence various fields (e.g., sports neuroscience, neurorehabilitation) and may aid in the development of methods that can improve motor and cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ueta
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Villain N, Béra G, Habert MO, Kas A, Aubert J, Jaubert O, Valabregue R, Fernandez-Vidal S, Corvol JC, Mangone G, Lehéricy S, Vidailhet M, Grabli D. Dopamine denervation in the functional territories of the striatum: a new MR and atlas-based 123I-FP-CIT SPECT quantification method. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1841-1852. [PMID: 34704162 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current quantification methods of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT rely on anatomical parcellation of the striatum. We propose here to implement a new method based on MRI segmentation and functional atlas of the basal ganglia (MR-ATLAS) that could provide a reliable quantification within the sensorimotor, associative, and limbic territories of the striatum. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorder (iRBD), and healthy controls underwent 123I-FP-CIT SPECT, MRI, motor, and cognitive assessments. SPECT data were corrected for partial volume effects and registered to a functional atlas of the striatum to allow quantification in every functional region of the striatum (nucleus accumbens, limbic, associative, and sensorimotor parts of the striatum). The MR-ATLAS quantification method is proved to be reliable in every territory of the striatum. In addition, good correlations were found between cognitive dysexecutive tests and the binding within the functional (limbic) territories of the striatum using the MR-ATLAS method, slightly better than correlations found using the anatomical quantification method. This new MR-ATLAS method provides a robust and useful tool for studying the dopaminergic system in PD, particularly with respect to cognitive functions. It may also be relevant to further unravel the relationship between dopaminergic denervation and cognitive or behavioral symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Villain
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France. .,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.
| | - G Béra
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M-O Habert
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - A Kas
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - J Aubert
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - O Jaubert
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - R Valabregue
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - S Fernandez-Vidal
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - J-C Corvol
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - G Mangone
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - S Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M Vidailhet
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | - D Grabli
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Quidé Y, Girshkin L, Watkeys OJ, Carr VJ, Green MJ. The relationship between cortisol reactivity and emotional brain function is differently moderated by childhood trauma, in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and healthy individuals. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1089-1109. [PMID: 32926285 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychotic and mood disorders that is associated with abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in response to stress and abnormal social brain function. Here, we aimed to determine whether childhood trauma exposure would differently moderate associations between cortisol reactivity and social brain function, among cases with schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and in healthy individuals (HC). Forty cases with SZ, 35 with BD and 34 HCs underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an emotional face-matching task. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and cortisol reactivity (i.e. the slope indexing the within-subject difference between pre- and post-imaging salivary cortisol levels) was determined. The severity of childhood trauma moderated the relationship between cortisol reactivity and brain activation in the bilateral temporo-parieto-insular junctions, right middle cingulum, right pre/postcentral gyri, left cerebellum and right lingual gyrus, differently depending on the clinical group. When exposed to high levels of trauma, the cortisol slope was negatively associated with activation in these regions in HC, while the cortisol slope was positively associated with activation in these regions in SZ cases. Similarly, there were differences between the groups in how trauma severity moderated the relationship between cortisol reactivity and functional connectivity between the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In addition to reflecting typical associations between cortisol reactivity and emotional brain function when not exposed to childhood trauma, these findings provide new evidence that trauma exposure disrupts these relationships in both healthy individuals and in cases with SZ or BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Leah Girshkin
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver J Watkeys
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li H, Liu H, Tang Y, Yan R, Jiang X, Fan G, Sun W. Decreased Functional Connectivity of Vermis-Ventral Prefrontal Cortex in Bipolar Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:711688. [PMID: 34335214 PMCID: PMC8322441 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.711688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate changes in functional connectivity between the vermis and cerebral regions in the resting state among subjects with bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: Thirty participants with BD and 28 healthy controls (HC) underwent the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the anterior and posterior vermis was examined. For each participant, rsFC maps of the anterior and posterior vermis were computed and compared across the two groups. Results: rsFC between the whole vermis and ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC) was significantly lower in the BD groups compared to the HC group, and rsFC between the anterior vermis and the middle cingulate cortex was likewise significantly decreased in the BD group. Limitations: 83.3% of the BD participants were taking medication at the time of the study. Our findings may in part be attributed to treatment differences because we did not examine the effects of medication on rsFC. Further, the mixed BD subtypes in our current study may have confounding effects influencing the results. Conclusions: These rsFC differences of vermis-VPFC between groups may contribute to the BD mood regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rongkai Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenge Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A short review on emotion processing: a lateralized network of neuronal networks. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:673-684. [PMID: 34216271 PMCID: PMC8844151 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emotions are valenced mental responses and associated physiological reactions that occur spontaneously and automatically in response to internal or external stimuli, and can influence our behavior, and can themselves be modulated to a certain degree voluntarily or by external stimuli. They are subserved by large-scale integrated neuronal networks with epicenters in the amygdala and the hippocampus, and which overlap in the anterior cingulate cortex. Although emotion processing is accepted as being lateralized, the specific role of each hemisphere remains an issue of controversy, and two major hypotheses have been proposed. In the right-hemispheric dominance hypothesis, all emotions are thought to be processed in the right hemisphere, independent of their valence or of the emotional feeling being processed. In the valence lateralization hypothesis, the left is thought to be dominant for the processing of positively valenced stimuli, or of stimuli inducing approach behaviors, whereas negatively valenced stimuli, or stimuli inducing withdrawal behaviors, would be processed in the right hemisphere. More recent research points at the existence of multiple interrelated networks, each associated with the processing of a specific component of emotion generation, i.e., its generation, perception, and regulation. It has thus been proposed to move from hypotheses supporting an overall hemispheric specialization for emotion processing toward dynamic models incorporating multiple interrelated networks which do not necessarily share the same lateralization patterns.
Collapse
|
14
|
Schlumpf YR, Nijenhuis ERS, Klein C, Jäncke L, Bachmann S. Resting-state functional connectivity in patients with a complex PTSD or complex dissociative disorder before and after inpatient trauma treatment. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02200. [PMID: 34105902 PMCID: PMC8323038 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research suggests that traumatized patients are characterized by disrupted resting-state functional connectivity. We examined whether neural networks involved in resting-state change over the course of a phase-oriented inpatient treatment for complex traumatized and dissociative disorder patients. We also investigated associations between these network alterations and clinical symptoms and emotion regulation skills. METHODS Pre- and post-treatment, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during resting-state in patients (n = 23) with a complex dissociative disorder (CDD) or complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD). Patients also completed clinical and emotion regulation questionnaires. To reduce variance in the collected data, patients were exclusively tested as one prototypical dissociative part referred to as Apparently Normal Part (ANP). Functional network connectivity was examined and compared with a matched healthy control group (n = 37), also measured twice. RESULTS Prior to treatment and compared with controls, patients had a significantly lower functional connectivity strength within eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-state networks in the theta and alpha frequency band. Following treatment, functional connectivity strength within these networks was comparable to the control group and comprised areas belonging to the default mode network (DMN) and prefrontal as well as anterior cingulate control regions. Treatment-related network normalizations in the theta frequency band were associated with a self-reported increase in the use of cognitive reappraisal strategies and reduction in emotion regulation difficulties. CONCLUSION Phase-oriented trauma treatment can strengthen resting-state network connectivity and can increase the capacity of complex traumatized and dissociative patients as ANP to handle emotional challenges effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda R. Schlumpf
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Clienia Littenheid AGHospital for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLittenheidSwitzerland
| | | | - Carina Klein
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of PsychologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Research Unit for Plasticity and Learning of the Healthy Aging BrainUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Silke Bachmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and PsychosomaticsUniversity Hospitals and University of Halle (Saale)HalleGermany
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu X, Yu W, Tian X, Liang Z, Su Y, Wang Z, Li X, Yang L, Shen J. Altered Posterior Cerebellar Lobule Connectivity With Perigenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea. Front Neurol 2021; 12:645616. [PMID: 34239492 PMCID: PMC8258113 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.645616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential connectivity mechanism between the cerebellum and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the cerebellar structure in primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). Methods: We applied the spatially unbiased infratentorial template (SUIT) of the cerebellum to obtain anatomical details of cerebellar lobules, upon which the functional connectivity (FC) between the cerebellar lobules and ACC subregions was analyzed and the gray matter (GM) volume of cerebellar lobules was measured by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in 35 PDM females and 38 age-matched healthy females. The potential relationship between the altered FC or GM volume and clinical information was also evaluated in PDM females. Results: PDM females showed higher connectivity between the left perigenual ACC (pACC) and lobule vermis_VI, between the left pACC and left lobule IX, and between right pACC and right cerebellar lobule VIIb than did the healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, no altered GM volume was found in PDM females. No significant correlation was found between altered cerebellum–ACC FC and the clinical variables in the PDM females. Conclusion: PDM females have abnormal posterior cerebellar connectivity with pACC but no abnormal structural changes. ACC–cerebellar circuit disturbances might be involved in the PDM females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Education, Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuwei Tian
- Department of Radiology, First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiying Liang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim DY, Tegethoff M, Meinlschmidt G, Yoo SS, Lee JH. Cigarette craving modulation is more feasible than resistance modulation for heavy cigarette smokers: empirical evidence from functional MRI data. Neuroreport 2021; 32:762-770. [PMID: 33901056 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of cigarette craving and neuronal activations from nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers using real-time functional MRI (rtfMRI)-based neurofeedback (rtfMRI-NF) has been previously reported. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rtfMRI-NF training in reducing cigarette cravings using fMRI data acquired before and after training. METHODS Treatment-seeking male heavy cigarette smokers (N = 14) were enrolled and randomly assigned to two conditions related to rtfMRI-NF training aiming at resisting the urge to smoke. In one condition, subjects underwent conventional rtfMRI-NF training using neuronal activity as the neurofeedback signal (activity-based) within regions-of-interest (ROIs) implicated in cigarette craving. In another condition, subjects underwent rtfMRI-NF training with additional functional connectivity information included in the neurofeedback signal (functional connectivity-added). Before and after rtfMRI-NF training at each of two visits, participants underwent two fMRI runs with cigarette smoking stimuli and were asked to crave or resist the urge to smoke without neurofeedback. Cigarette craving-related or resistance-related regions were identified using a general linear model followed by paired t-tests and were evaluated using regression analysis on the basis of neuronal activation and subjective craving scores (CRSs). RESULTS Visual areas were mainly implicated in craving, whereas the superior frontal areas were associated with resistance. The degree of (a) CRS reduction and (b) the correlation between neuronal activation and CRSs were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the functional connectivity-added neurofeedback group for craving-related ROIs. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the feasibility of altering cigarette craving in craving-related ROIs but not in resistance-related ROIs via rtfMRI-NF training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Youl Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marion Tegethoff
- Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen, Jägerstrasse, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, International Psychoanalytic University, Stromstrasse, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hewitt D, Byrne A, Henderson J, Newton-Fenner A, Tyson-Carr J, Fallon N, Brown C, Stancak A. Inhibition of cortical somatosensory processing during and after low frequency peripheral nerve stimulation in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1481-1495. [PMID: 34023628 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcutaneous low-frequency stimulation (LFS) elicits long-term depression-like effects on human pain perception. However, the neural mechanisms underlying LFS are poorly understood. We investigated cortical activation changes occurring during LFS and if changes were associated with reduced nociceptive processing and increased amplitude of spontaneous cortical oscillations post-treatment. METHODS LFS was applied to the radial nerve of 25 healthy volunteers over two sessions using active (1 Hz) or sham (0.02 Hz) frequencies. Changes in resting electroencephalography (EEG) and laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) were investigated before and after LFS. Somatosensory-evoked potentials were recorded during LFS and source analysis was carried out. RESULTS Ipsilateral midcingulate and operculo-insular cortex source activity declined linearly during LFS. Active LFS was associated with attenuated long-latency LEP amplitude in ipsilateral frontocentral electrodes and increased resting alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (16-24 Hz) band power in electrodes overlying operculo-insular, sensorimotor and frontal cortical regions. Reduced ipsilateral operculo-insular cortex source activity during LFS correlated with a smaller post-treatment alpha-band power increase. CONCLUSIONS LFS attenuated somatosensory processing both during and after stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE Results further our understanding of the attenuation of somatosensory processing both during and after LFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hewitt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Adam Byrne
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jessica Henderson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alice Newton-Fenner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John Tyson-Carr
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas Fallon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrej Stancak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kiemes A, Davies C, Kempton MJ, Lukow PB, Bennallick C, Stone JM, Modinos G. GABA, Glutamate and Neural Activity: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Multimodal 1H-MRS-fMRI Studies. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644315. [PMID: 33762983 PMCID: PMC7982484 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal neuroimaging studies combining proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to quantify GABA and/or glutamate concentrations and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activity non-invasively have advanced understanding of how neurochemistry and neurophysiology may be related at a macroscopic level. The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of available studies examining the relationship between 1H-MRS glutamate and/or GABA levels and task-related fMRI signal in the healthy brain. Ovid (Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO) and Pubmed databases were systematically searched to identify articles published until December 2019. The primary outcome of interest was the association between resting levels of glutamate or GABA and task-related fMRI. Fifty-five papers were identified for inclusion in the systematic review. A further 22 studies were entered into four separate meta-analyses. These meta-analyses found evidence of significant negative associations between local GABA levels and (a) fMRI activation to visual tasks in the occipital lobe, and (b) activation to emotion processing in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, there was no significant association between mPFC/ACC glutamate levels and fMRI activation to cognitive control tasks or to emotional processing, with the relationship to emotion processing related neural activity narrowly missing significance. Moreover, our systematic review also found converging evidence of negative associations between GABA levels and local brain activity, and positive associations between glutamate levels and distal brain activity, outside of the 1H-MRS sampling region. Albeit less consistently, additional relationships between GABA levels and distal brain activity and between glutamate levels and local brain activity were found. It remains unclear if the absence of effects for other brain regions and other cognitive-emotional domains reflects study heterogeneity or potential confounding effects of age, sex, or other unknown factors. Advances in 1H-MRS methodology as well as in the integration of 1H-MRS readouts with other imaging modalities for indexing neural activity hold great potential to reveal key aspects of the pathophysiology of mental health disorders involving aberrant interactions between neurochemistry and neurophysiology such as schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kiemes
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Davies
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina B Lukow
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carly Bennallick
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M Stone
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex & University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Centre Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Netto JMB, Scheinost D, Onofrey JA, Franco I. Magnetic resonance image connectivity analysis provides evidence of central nervous system mode of action for parasacral transcutaneous electro neural stimulation - A pilot study. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16:536-542. [PMID: 32873504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parasacral transcutaneous electriconeural stimulation (pTENS) is a common treatment modality for patients with overactive bladder (OAB). Its mechanism of effectiveness has yet to be elucidated. Recent studies with fMRI in adults with implanted sacral nerve stimulators impute its effectiveness on changes in the brain involving the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). AIM The study set out to evaluate brain connectivity utilizing functional MRI to the outline the mechanism of action of pTENS in the brain. METHODS Ten adult volunteers without urinary tract symptoms underwent fMRI. Electrodes were placed on the skin at sacral level (S2) (Experimental Stimulation - pTENS) and on the right scapular region (Sham Stimulation - sTENS). Stimulation was done twice on each site for 6 min at a frequency of 10 Hz and pulse width of 260 μs and intensity determined by the motor threshold. A 6 min resting state fMRI was also done twice as control. Functional connectivity data was acquired during each state (resting, pTENS and sTENS). Standard functional connectivity preprocessing was performed. Seed connectivity was examined to investigate changes in ACC functional connectivity between the stimulations and resting-state conditions. Significance was assessed at p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS For all conditions (pTENS, sTENS, and rest), standard patterns of ACC connectivity were detectable with strong connectivity between the ACC and subcortical regions and between the ACC and the frontal lobe. Functional connectivity between ACC seed and the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was significantly increased during pTENS compared to rest. sTENS did not increase connectivity between the ACC seed and DLPFC when compared to rest. DISCUSSION Preliminary results indicate that ACC is a major site of activation during pTENS. Increased connectivity between ACC and DLPFC may be a possible mechanism of pTENS effectiveness, which appears to be specific to pTENS compared to sTENS. This study is limited to the small size at this time which prevents further investigation at other sites in the brain. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms our original aim which was to define if parasacral TENS actually has a central effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Murillo B Netto
- Yale School of Medicine - Department of Urology, USA; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Division of Urology, Brazil.
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Statistics & Data Science - Yale University, USA; Child Study Center - Yale University, USA; Radiology & Biomedical Imaging - Yale University, USA.
| | - John A Onofrey
- Yale School of Medicine - Department of Urology, USA; Radiology & Biomedical Imaging - Yale University, USA.
| | - Israel Franco
- Yale School of Medicine - Department of Urology, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ding J, Wang Y, Wang C, d'Oleire Uquillas F, He Q, Cheng L, Zou Z. Negative Impact of Sadness on Response Inhibition in Females: An Explicit Emotional Stop Signal Task fMRI Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:119. [PMID: 32903296 PMCID: PMC7396530 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is a critical cognitive ability underlying executive control over reactions to external cues, or inner requirements. Previous studies suggest that high arousal negative emotions (e.g., anger or fear) could impair response inhibition in implicit emotional stop signal tasks (eSSTs). However, studies exploring how low arousal negative emotions (e.g., sadness) influence response inhibition remain sparse. In the current study, 20 female college students performed an explicit eSST to explore the influence of sadness on response inhibition and its neural mechanism. Participants are instructed to press a button to sad or neutral facial stimuli while inhibiting their response during the presentation of a stop signal. Results showed that compared with neutral stimuli, sad stimuli were related to increased stop signal reaction time (SSRT) (i.e., worse response inhibition). Compared with neutral condition, higher activation during sad condition was found within the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), right insula, right middle cingulate cortex (MCC), bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG), left lingual gyrus, and right motor cortex. These findings indicated that sadness, like other negative emotions, may impair response inhibition in an explicit way and highlight the explicit eSST as a new paradigm to investigate the subtle interaction between negative emotion processing and cognitive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Ding
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Federico d'Oleire Uquillas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiling Zou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Spetter MS, Higgs S, Dolmans D, Thomas JM, Reniers RLEP, Rotshtein P, Rutters F. Neural correlates of top-down guidance of attention to food: An fMRI study. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113085. [PMID: 32687922 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the neural correlates of working memory guided attentional selection of food versus non-food stimuli in young women. Participants were thirty-two women, aged 20.6y (± 0.5) who were presented with a cue (food or non-food item) to hold in working memory. Subsequently, they had to search for a target in a 2-item display where target and distractor stimuli were each flanked by a picture of a food or a non-food item. The behavioural data showed that attention is particularly efficiently drawn to food stimuli when thinking about food. Using fMRI, we found that holding a non-food versus food stimulus in working memory was associated with increased activity in occipital gyrus, fusiform, inferior and superior frontal gyrus. In the posterior cingulum, retrosplenial cortex, a food item that re-appeared in the search array when it was held in memory led to a reduced response, compared to when it did not re-appear. The reverse effect was found for non-food stimuli. The extent of the reappearance effect correlated with the attentional capture of food as measured behaviourally. In conclusion, these results suggest that holding food in mind may bias attention because thinking of food facilitated neuronal responses to sensory input related to food stimuli and because holding food-related information in mind is less taxing on memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maartje S Spetter
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dirk Dolmans
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jason M Thomas
- School of Psychology, Aston University, B4 7ET, Birmingham, UK
| | - Renate L E P Reniers
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom and Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pia Rotshtein
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Femke Rutters
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU Medical Centre, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Curtis AF, Roth AJ, Sears SF, Conti JB, Berry RB, Dzierzewski JM, McCrae CS. Associations between pain, objective sleep efficiency and cognition in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Sleep Med 2020; 72:122-125. [PMID: 32615460 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) frequently experience sleep disruption. Prior work shows associations between objective (actigraphic) sleep and cognition in these patients, but whether pain affects associations between measures of sleep fragmentation (eg, sleep efficiency, SE) and cognition is unknown. The present study examined independent and interactive associations between objective SE and pain on cognitive performance in patients with ICDs. METHODS A total of 37 patients with ICDs (Mage = 60.0, SD = 12.4) and self-reported sleep disturbance completed 14 days of actigraphy. Average SE was computed [(average total sleep time/average time in bed) × 100%]. Patients completed the Short Form 36 Health Survey pain section, and computerized tasks measuring executive functioning (letter series, N-Back task), sustained attention/processing speed (symbol digit modalities test, SDMT), and simple reaction time. Multiple linear regressions examined whether SE independently predicted or interacted with pain ratings to predict cognitive performance. RESULTS SE interacted with pain to predict SDMT performance, accounting for 12% unique variance. In patients reporting worse pain, higher SE was associated with better SDMT performance. Similar patterns of association on SDMT were not observed in patients with average or low pain. SE and pain ratings did not independently predict SDMT performance. Performance on other cognitive tasks was not associated with any predictors. CONCLUSION Better sleep efficiency may play an important role in improving sustained attention/processing speed in patients with ICDs and perceived severe pain. Future research should examine whether interventions aimed at improving sleep fragmentation provide benefit to lower order cognition, particularly in patients with worse pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley F Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alicia J Roth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samuel F Sears
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jamie B Conti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard B Berry
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Z, Zhou X, Liu J, Qin L, Ye W, Zheng J. Aberrant functional connectivity of the cingulate subregions in right-sided temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2901-2912. [PMID: 32256775 PMCID: PMC7086282 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have been indicated to exhibit abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the cingulate cortex. However, it has remained elusive whether cingulate subregions show different connectivity patterns in TLE. The present study aimed to investigate the differences in rsFC of each cingulate subregion between patients with right-sided TLE (rTLE) and healthy controls (HCs), as well as their association with executive control performance in rTLE. A total of 27 patients with rTLE and 20 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls were recruited and all participants underwent resting-state functional MRI and an attention network test for the assessment executive control function. In each hemisphere, the cingulate gyrus (CG) was divided into CG-1 (dorsal area 23; A23d), CG-2 (rostroventral area 24; A24rv), CG-3 (pregenual area 32; A32p), CG-4 (ventral area 23; A23v), CG-5 (caudodorsal area 24; A24cd), CG-6 (caudal area 24; A23c) and CG-7 (subgenual area 32; A32sg). Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between the altered FCs of the cingulate subregions and clinical variables. In patients with rTLE, the majority of the cingulate subregions exhibited decreased rsFC; this was primarily restricted to the right CG-2, the bilateral CG-6 and the bilateral CG-7. Increased rsFC was only detected in rTLE restricted to the left CG-1. Impairments in executive control efficiency were identified in patients with rTLE in comparison with the HCs. Significant alterations in rsFC between the cingulate subregion and the brain regions were mostly decreased (and some slightly increased), suggesting that FC may potentially have a left-side advantage in patients with rTLE. FC variations of the cingulate subregions were indicated to be specific to rTLE. In addition, increased connectivity in the left CG-1 and left superior frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with executive control performance, suggesting a compensatory mechanism on executive control deficits in pathological conditions. This information on differentially altered FC patterns of the cingulate subregions may provide a deeper understanding of the complex neurological mechanisms and executive control dysfunctions underlying rTLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smith AL, Weissbart SJ, Hartigan SM, Bilello M, Newman DK, Wein AJ, Malykhina AP, Erus G, Fan Y. Association between urinary symptom severity and white matter plaque distribution in women with multiple sclerosis. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:339-346. [PMID: 31691357 PMCID: PMC8054557 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelinated white matter plaque throughout the central nervous system. Plaque involvement in regions that regulate micturition may be associated with urinary symptom severity in patients with MS. The aim of this prospective study is to investigate the relationship between cerebral plaque volume (PV), location, and urinary symptoms in women with MS. METHODS We conducted a case-control pilot study of women with MS undergoing routine yearly brain MRI. Women were administered the American Urologic Association-Symptom Index (AUA-SI) and divided into two groups: severe urinary symptoms (AUA-SI ≥20) and mild symptoms (AUA-SI ≤7). PV and location in the brain were determined using a validated automated white matter lesion segmentation algorithm. RESULTS This study of 36 women found that the median total PV did not differ between groups. Women with severe urinary symptoms had larger median PV in the left frontal lobe (LFL) and right limbic lobe (RLL) compared with women with mild urinary symptoms. Within the RLL, women with severe symptoms had a larger median PV in the right cingulate gyrus (RCG). There was a moderate correlation between LFL lesion volume and RLL lesion volume with the AUA emptying subscore; however, these regions did not correlate with the storage subscore. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study found urinary symptom severity in women with MS is associated with PV in the RCG and LFL, and not total cerebral PV. These findings may explain why disease burden alone is not a predictor of severity or type of voiding dysfunction in patients with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana L. Smith
- Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Weissbart
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, New York
| | | | - Michel Bilello
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane K. Newman
- Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan J. Wein
- Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna P. Malykhina
- Division of Urology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Guray Erus
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Le TM, Zhang S, Zhornitsky S, Wang W, Li CSR. Neural correlates of reward-directed action and inhibition of action. Cortex 2019; 123:42-56. [PMID: 31747630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human and non-human primate studies have examined neural responses to action and inhibition of action. However, it remains unclear whether the cerebral processes supporting these two distinct responses are differentially modulated by reward. In a sample of 35 healthy human adults, we examined brain activations to action and inhibition of action in a reward go/no-go task, with approximately ⅔ go and ⅓ no-go trials. Correct go and no-go trials were rewarded with $1 or ¢5 in reward sessions. Behaviorally, reward facilitated go and impeded no-go. A conjunction analysis showed shared activation to rewarded go and no-go responses in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and inferior parietal cortex. A whole-brain two-way ANOVA of response (go vs no-go) and reward (dollar vs nickel) revealed a significant main effect of response, with greater activity for no-go vs go success in the middle frontal cortex and the reversed pattern in the dorsal ACC, insula, thalamus, and caudate. The thalamus and caudate also responded preferentially to dollar relative to nickel reward during go trials. The main effect of reward (dollar > nickel) involved not only regions associated with reward valuation (e.g., medial orbitofrontal cortex - mOFC) but also those implicated in motor control, saliency, and visual attention including the rACC, ventral striatum, insula, and occipital cortex. Finally, the mOFC distinguished go and no-go responses in the dollar but not nickel trials, suggesting a functional bias toward response execution that leads to larger rewards. Together, these findings identified both shared and non-overlapping neural processes underlying goal-directed action and inhibition of action as well as delineated the effects of reward magnitude on such processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yin D, Chen X, Zeljic K, Zhan Y, Shen X, Yan G, Wang Z. A graph representation of functional diversity of brain regions. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01358. [PMID: 31350830 PMCID: PMC6749480 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Modern network science techniques are popularly used to characterize the functional organization of the brain. A major challenge in network neuroscience is to understand how functional characteristics and topological architecture are related in the brain. Previous task-based functional neuroimaging studies have uncovered a core set of brain regions (e.g., frontal and parietal) supporting diverse cognitive tasks. However, the graph representation of functional diversity of brain regions remains to be understood. METHODS Here, we present a novel graph measure, the neighbor dispersion index, to test the hypothesis that the functional diversity of a brain region is embodied by the topological dissimilarity of its immediate neighbors in the large-scale functional brain network. RESULTS We consistently identified in two independent and publicly accessible resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets that brain regions in the frontoparietal and salience networks showed higher neighbor dispersion index, whereas those in the visual, auditory, and sensorimotor networks showed lower neighbor dispersion index. Moreover, we observed that human fluid intelligence was associated with the neighbor dispersion index of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while no such association for the other metrics commonly used for characterizing network hubs was noticed even with an uncorrected p < .05. CONCLUSIONS This newly developed graph theoretical method offers fresh insight into the topological organization of functional brain networks and also sheds light on individual differences in human intelligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kristina Zeljic
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yafeng Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiangyu Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Yan
- School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Short communication: Diffusion tensor anisotropy in the cingulate in borderline and schizotypal personality disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279:353-357. [PMID: 31101379 PMCID: PMC6799990 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable phenomentological differences between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), research increasingly provides evidence that some BPD symptoms overlap with SPD symptoms (e.g., disturbed cognitions). We examined the cingulate, a brain region implicated in the pathophysiology of both disorders, to determine similarities/differences between the groups, and similarities/differences from healthy controls (HC's). 3T structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired in BPD (n = 27), SPD (n = 32), HC's (n = 34). Results revealed that BPD patients exhibited significantly lower FA in posterior cingulate white matter compared to HC's (p = 0.04), but SPD patients did not.
Collapse
|
28
|
Common and Distinct Functional Brain Networks for Intuitive and Deliberate Decision Making. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9070174. [PMID: 31330815 PMCID: PMC6680530 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement learning studies in rodents and primates demonstrate that goal-directed and habitual choice behaviors are mediated through different fronto-striatal systems, but the evidence is less clear in humans. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected whilst participants (n = 20) performed a conditional associative learning task in which blocks of novel conditional stimuli (CS) required a deliberate choice, and blocks of familiar CS required an intuitive choice. Using standard subtraction analysis for fMRI event-related designs, activation shifted from the dorso-fronto-parietal network, which involves dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for deliberate choice of novel CS, to ventro-medial frontal (VMPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex for intuitive choice of familiar CS. Supporting this finding, psycho-physiological interaction (PPI) analysis, using the peak active areas within the PFC for novel and familiar CS as seed regions, showed functional coupling between caudate and DLPFC when processing novel CS and VMPFC when processing familiar CS. These findings demonstrate separable systems for deliberate and intuitive processing, which is in keeping with rodent and primate reinforcement learning studies, although in humans they operate in a dynamic, possibly synergistic, manner particularly at the level of the striatum.
Collapse
|
29
|
Fan YT, Fang YW, Chen YP, Leshikar ED, Lin CP, Tzeng OJL, Huang HW, Huang CM. Aging, cognition, and the brain: effects of age-related variation in white matter integrity on neuropsychological function. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:831-839. [PMID: 29634290 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1455804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in brain structure are viewed as neurobiological indicators which are closely tied to cognitive changes in healthy human aging. The current study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to investigate the relationship between age, brain variation in white matter (WM) integrity, and cognitive function. Sixteen younger adults (aged 20-28 years) and 18 healthy older adults (aged 60-75 years) underwent DTI scanning and a standardized battery of neuropsychological measures. Behaviorally, older adults exhibited poorer performance on multiple cognitive measures compared to younger adults. At the neural level, the effects of aging on theWM integrity were evident within interhemispheric (the anterior portion of corpus callosum) and transverse (the right uncinate fasciculus) fibers of the frontal regions, and the cingulum-angular fibers. Our correlation results showed that age-related WM differentially influenced cognitive function, with increased fractional anisotropy values in both the anterior corpus callosum and the right cingulum/angular fibers positively correlated with performance on the visuospatial task in older adults. Moreover, mediation analysis further revealed that the WM tract integrity of the frontal interhemspheric fibers was a significant mediator of age-visuospatial performance relation in older adults, but not in younger adults. These findings support the vulnerability of the frontal WM fibers to normal aging and push forward our understanding of cognitive aging by providing a more integrative view of the neural basis of linkages among aging, cognition, and brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Teng Fan
- a Department of Biological Science and Technology , National Chiao Tung University , Taiwan.,b Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory , Institute of Linguistics , Academia Sinica , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Fang
- a Department of Biological Science and Technology , National Chiao Tung University , Taiwan.,b Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory , Institute of Linguistics , Academia Sinica , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- b Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory , Institute of Linguistics , Academia Sinica , Taiwan
| | - Eric D Leshikar
- c Department of Psychology , University of Illinois at Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- d Institute of Neuroscience , National Yang Ming University , Taiwan
| | - Ovid J L Tzeng
- a Department of Biological Science and Technology , National Chiao Tung University , Taiwan.,b Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory , Institute of Linguistics , Academia Sinica , Taiwan.,e College of Humanities and Social Sciences , Taipei Medical University , Taiwan.,f Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling , National Taiwan Normal University , Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wen Huang
- b Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory , Institute of Linguistics , Academia Sinica , Taiwan.,g Department of Linguistics and Translation , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- a Department of Biological Science and Technology , National Chiao Tung University , Taiwan.,b Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory , Institute of Linguistics , Academia Sinica , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Palomero-Gallagher N, Hoffstaedter F, Mohlberg H, Eickhoff SB, Amunts K, Zilles K. Human Pregenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Structural, Functional, and Connectional Heterogeneity. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:2552-2574. [PMID: 29850806 PMCID: PMC6519696 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) encompasses 7 distinct cyto- and receptorarchitectonic areas. We lack a detailed understanding of the functions in which they are involved, and stereotaxic maps are not available. We present an integrated structural/functional map of pACC based on probabilistic cytoarchitectonic mapping and meta-analytic connectivity modeling and quantitative functional decoding. Due to the restricted spatial resolution of functional imaging data relative to the microstructural parcellation, areas p24a of the callosal sulcus and p24b on the surface of the cingulate gyrus were merged into a "gyral component" (p24ab) of area p24, and areas pv24c, pd24cv, and pd24cd, located within the cingulate sulcus were merged into a "sulcal component" (p24c) for meta-analytic analysis. Area p24ab was specifically associated with interoception, p24c with the inhibition of action, and p32, which was also activated by emotion induction tasks pertaining negatively valenced stimuli, with the ability to experience empathy. Thus, area p32 could be classified as cingulate association cortex playing a crucial role in the cognitive regulation of emotion. By this spectrum of functions, pACC is a structurally and functionally heterogeneous region, clearly differing from other parts of the anterior and middle cingulate cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hampstead BM, Stringer AY, Stilla RF, Sathian K. Mnemonic strategy training increases neocortical activation in healthy older adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 154:27-36. [PMID: 31067489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory deficits characterize the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is widely viewed as a clinical precursor to Alzheimer's type dementia. There is a growing interest in non-pharmacologic interventions, such as mnemonic strategies, for improving learning and memory in patients with aMCI as well as for maintaining functioning in healthy older adults. Using an ecologically relevant object-location association paradigm, we conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind study in which healthy older adults and patients with aMCI were randomized to either mnemonic strategy training or a control group that was matched for stimulus exposure. We previously reported that mnemonic strategy training resulted in significantly greater learning and memory improvements compared to the matched exposure condition, in both aMCI patients and healthy controls. The current study examined changes in neocortical activation during encoding in a subset of participants who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning both before and after training. To minimize potential confounds in between-group comparisons, we employed non-linear cortex based alignment and included only correctly encoded stimuli in our analyses. When re-encoding stimuli learned during training (i.e., trained stimuli), we found a general enhancement of activation in right prefrontal and parietal regions, possibly reflecting practice-related improvement in coordinate spatial processing in all but the aMCI exposure group. Left hemisphere activation was typically only evident in the mnemonic strategy trained participants, regardless of diagnostic status, with the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex appearing especially important for strategy use. While encoding relatively novel stimuli, both mnemonic strategy groups (aMCI patients and healthy controls) demonstrated increased activation in a subset of regions showing change for the trained stimuli, indicating a mnemonic strategy-induced change in the processing of new information. These findings could not be explained by repeated exposure since there was little to no activation overlap in the respective exposure control groups. The current results reinforce the potential benefits of cognitive interventions in these growing populations and indicate that neuroplastic change in key rostral and lateral prefrontal regions mediate this behavioral change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hampstead
- Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Anthony Y Stringer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Randall F Stilla
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - K Sathian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Departments of Neurology, Neural & Behavioral Sciences, and Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu J, Tao J, Liu W, Huang J, Xue X, Li M, Yang M, Zhu J, Lang C, Park J, Tu Y, Wilson G, Chen L, Kong J. Different modulation effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin on resting-state functional connectivity of the default mode network in older adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:217-224. [PMID: 30690554 PMCID: PMC6374601 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in age-related cognitive decline. This study aims to explore the modulation effect of two mind-body interventions (Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin) on DMN in elderly individuals. Participants between 50 and 70 years old were recruited and randomized into a Tai Chi Chuan, Baduanjin or control group. The Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision and resting-state fMRI scans were administered at baseline and following 12 weeks of exercise. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) was calculated. We found that (i) compared to the Baduanjin group, Tai Chi Chuan was significantly associated with increased rsFC between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and right putamen/caudate and (ii) compared to the control group, Tai Chi Chuan increased posterior cingulate cortex rsFC with the right putamen/caudate, while Baduanjin decreased rsFC between the mPFC and orbital prefrontal gyrus/putamen. Baseline mPFC rsFC with orbital prefrontal gyrus was negatively correlated with visual reproduction subscore. These results suggest that both Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin can modulate the DMN, but through different pathways. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying different mind-body interventions may shed light on the development of new methods to prevent age-related diseases as well as other disorders associated with disrupted DMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Fujian Rehabilitation Tech Co-innovation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jing Tao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiehua Xue
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingge Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingfang Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Courtney Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joel Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yiheng Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lidian Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang B, Lin P, Wang X, Öngür D, Ji X, Situ W, Yao S, Wang X. Altered Functional Connectivity of Striatum Based on the Integrated Connectivity Model in First-Episode Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:756. [PMID: 31681050 PMCID: PMC6813199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The human striatum is a heterogeneous structure involved in diverse functional domains that related to distinct striatum subregions. Striatal dysfunction was thought to be a fundamental element in schizophrenia. However, the connectivity pattern of striatum solely based on functional or structural characteristics leads to inconsistent findings in healthy adult and also schizophrenia. This study aims to develop an integrated striatal model and reveal the altered functional connectivity pattern of the striatum in schizophrenia. Methods: Two data-driven approaches, task-dependent meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) and task-independent resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), were used for seven anatomical connectivity-based striatum subregions to provide an integrated striatal model. Then, RSFC analyses of seven striatal subregions were applied to 45 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and 27 healthy controls to examine the difference, based on the integrated model, of functional connectivity pattern of striatal subregions. Results: MACM and RSFC results showed that striatum subregions were associated with discrete cortical regions and involved in distinct cognitive processes. Besides, RSFC results overlapped with MACM findings but showed broader distributions. Importantly, significantly reduced functional connectivity was identified between limbic subregion and thalamus, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula and also between executive subregions and thalamus, supplementary motor area, and insula in FES. Conclusions: Combing functional and structural connectivity information, this study provides the integrated model of corticostriatal subcircuits and confirms the abnormal functional connectivity of limbic and executive striatum subregions with different networks and thalamus, supporting the important role of the corticostriatal-thalamic loop in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pan Lin
- Department of Psychology and Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Xinlei Ji
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Situ
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Molenberghs P, Louis WR. Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1868. [PMID: 30327636 PMCID: PMC6174241 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intergroup biases can manifest themselves between a wide variety of different groups such as people from different races, nations, ethnicities, political or religious beliefs, opposing sport teams or even arbitrary groups. In this review we provide a neuroscientific overview of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies that have revealed how group dynamics impact on various cognitive and emotional systems at different levels of information processing. We first describe how people can perceive the faces, words and actions of ingroup and outgroup members in a biased way. Second, we focus on how activity in brain areas involved in empathizing with the pain of others, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI), are influenced by group membership. Third, we describe how group membership influences activity in brain areas involved in mentalizing such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Fourth, we discuss the involvement of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) in increased moral sensitivity for outgroup threats. Finally, we discuss how brain areas involved in the reward system such as the striatum and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), are more active when experiencing schadenfreude for outgroup harm and when rewarding ingroup (versus outgroup) members. The value of these neuroscientific insights to better understand ingroup bias are discussed, as well as limitations and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Molenberghs
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Winnifred R. Louis
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nevrlý M, Hluštík P, Hok P, Otruba P, Tüdös Z, Kaňovský P. Changes in sensorimotor network activation after botulinum toxin type A injections in patients with cervical dystonia: a functional MRI study. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:2627-2637. [PMID: 29971454 PMCID: PMC6153868 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT) is considered an effective therapeutic option in cervical dystonia (CD). The pathophysiology of CD and other focal dystonias has not yet been fully explained. Results from neurophysiological and imaging studies suggest a significant involvement of the basal ganglia and thalamus, and functional abnormalities in premotor and primary sensorimotor cortical areas are considered a crucial factor in the development of focal dystonias. Twelve BoNT-naïve patients with CD were examined with functional MRI during a skilled hand motor task; the examination was repeated 4 weeks after the first BoNT injection to the dystonic neck muscles. Twelve age- and gender-matched healthy controls were examined using the same functional MRI paradigm without BoNT injection. In BoNT-naïve patients with CD, BoNT treatment was associated with a significant increase of activation in finger movement-induced fMRI activation of several brain areas, especially in the bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobule, bilateral SMA and premotor cortex, predominantly contralateral primary motor cortex, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, ipsilateral thalamus, insula, putamen, and in the central part of cerebellum, close to the vermis. The results of the study support observations that the BoNT effect may have a correlate in the central nervous system level, and this effect may not be limited to cortical and subcortical representations of the treated muscles. The results show that abnormalities in sensorimotor activation extend beyond circuits controlling the affected body parts in CD even the first BoNT injection is associated with changes in sensorimotor activation. The differences in activation between patients with CD after treatment and healthy controls at baseline were no longer present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nevrlý
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Hluštík
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hok
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Otruba
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Tüdös
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kaňovský
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University, I. P. Pavlova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen L, Fan X, Li H, Ye C, Yu H, Gong H, Zeng X, Peng D, Yan L. Topological Reorganization of the Default Mode Network in Severe Male Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Neurol 2018; 9:363. [PMID: 29951028 PMCID: PMC6008385 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired spontaneous regional activity and altered topology of the brain network have been observed in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the mechanisms of disrupted functional connectivity (FC) and topological reorganization of the default mode network (DMN) in patients with OSA remain largely unknown. We explored whether the FC is altered within the DMN and examined topological changes occur in the DMN in patients with OSA using a graph theory analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and evaluated the relationship between neuroimaging measures and clinical variables. Resting-state data were obtained from 46 male patients with untreated severe OSA and 46 male good sleepers (GSs). We specifically selected 20 DMN subregions to construct the DMN architecture. The disrupted FC and topological properties of the DMN in patients with OSA were characterized using graph theory. The OSA group showed significantly decreased FC of the anterior-posterior DMN and within the posterior DMN, and also showed increased FC within the DMN. The DMN exhibited small-world topology in both OSA and GS groups. Compared to GSs, patients with OSA showed a decreased clustering coefficient (Cp) and local efficiency, and decreased nodal centralities in the left posterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and increased nodal centralities in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and the right parahippocampal cortex. Finally, the abnormal DMN FC was significantly related to Cp, path length, global efficiency, and Montreal cognitive assessment score. OSA showed disrupted FC within the DMN, which may have contributed to the observed topological reorganization. These findings may provide further evidence of cognitive deficits in patients with OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaole Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenglong Ye
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Honghui Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianjun Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dechang Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Killgore WDS, Smith R, Olson EA, Weber M, Rauch SL, Nickerson LD. Emotional intelligence is associated with connectivity within and between resting state networks. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1624-1636. [PMID: 28981827 PMCID: PMC5737574 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI) is defined as an individual’s capacity to accurately perceive, understand, reason about, and regulate emotions, and to apply that information to facilitate thought and achieve goals. Although EI plays an important role in mental health and success in academic, professional and social realms, the neurocircuitry underlying this capacity remains poorly characterized, and no study to date has yet examined the relationship between EI and intrinsic neural network function. Here, in a sample of 54 healthy individuals (28 women, 26 men), we apply independent components analysis (ICA) with dual regression to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired while subjects were resting in the scanner to investigate brain circuits (intrinsic resting state networks) whose activity is associated with greater self-reported (i.e. Trait) and objectively measured (i.e. Ability) EI. We show that higher Ability EI, but not Trait EI, is associated with stronger negatively correlated spontaneous fMRI signals between the basal ganglia/limbic network (BGN) and posterior default mode network (DMN), and regions involved in emotional processing and regulation. Importantly, these findings suggest that the functional connectivity within and between intrinsic networks associated with mentation, affective regulation, emotion processing, and reward are strongly related to ability EI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Olson
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Mareen Weber
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Lisa D Nickerson
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen LT, Fan XL, Li HJ, Ye CL, Yu HH, Xin HZ, Gong HH, Peng DC, Yan LP. Aberrant brain functional connectome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1059-1070. [PMID: 29713176 PMCID: PMC5912371 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s161085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is accompanied by widespread abnormal spontaneous regional activity related to cognitive deficits. However, little is known about the topological properties of the functional brain connectome of patients with OSA. This study aimed to use the graph theory approaches to investigate the topological properties and functional connectivity (FC) of the functional connectome in patients with OSA, based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). METHODS Forty-five male patients with newly diagnosed untreated severe OSA and 45 male good sleepers (GSs) underwent a polysomnography (PSG), clinical evaluations, and rs-fMRI scans. The automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas was used to construct the functional brain connectome. The topological organization and FC of brain functional networks in patients with OSA were characterized using graph theory methods and investigated the relationship between functional network topology and clinical variables. RESULTS Both the patients with OSA and the GSs exhibited high-efficiency "small-world" network attributes. However, the patients with OSA exhibited decreased σ, γ, Eglob; increased Lp, λ; and abnormal nodal centralities in several default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN) regions. However, the patients with OSA exhibited abnormal functional connections between the DMN, SN, and CEN. The disrupted FC was significantly positive correlations with the global network metrics γ and σ. The global network metrics were significantly correlated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, and oxygen desaturation index. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the functional connectome of patients with OSA exhibited disrupted functional integration and segregation, and functional disconnections of the DMN, SN, and CEN. The aberrant topological attributes may be associated with disrupted FC and cognitive functions. These topological abnormalities and disconnections might be potential biomarkers of cognitive impairments in patients with OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Chen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Le Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Long Ye
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Hui Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Xin
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Han Gong
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - De-Chang Peng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Yan
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ghaziri J, Tucholka A, Girard G, Houde JC, Boucher O, Gilbert G, Descoteaux M, Lippé S, Rainville P, Nguyen DK. The Corticocortical Structural Connectivity of the Human Insula. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1216-1228. [PMID: 26683170 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insula is a complex structure involved in a wide range of functions. Tracing studies on nonhuman primates reveal a wide array of cortical connections in the frontal (orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortices, cingulate areas and supplementary motor area), parietal (primary and secondary somatosensory cortices) and temporal (temporal pole, auditory, prorhinal and entorhinal cortices) lobes. However, recent human tractography studies have not observed connections between the insula and the cingulate cortices, although these structures are thought to be functionally intimately connected. In this work, we try to unravel the structural connectivity between these regions and other known functionally connected structures, benefiting from a higher number of subjects and the latest state-of-the-art high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography algorithms with anatomical priors. By performing an HARDI tractography analysis on 46 young normal adults, our study reveals a wide array of connections between the insula and the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes as well as limbic regions, with a rostro-caudal organization in line with tracing studies in macaques. Notably, we reveal for the first time in humans a clear structural connectivity between the insula and the cingulate, parahippocampal, supramarginal and angular gyri as well as the precuneus and occipital regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ghaziri
- Département de Neurosciences.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Département de Radiologie, CHUM hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Girard
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Houde
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Département de Stomatologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Département de Neurosciences.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Service de Neurologie, CHUM Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Generalizable representations of pain, cognitive control, and negative emotion in medial frontal cortex. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:283-289. [PMID: 29292378 PMCID: PMC5801068 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The medial frontal cortex (MFC), including anterior midcingulate cortex, has been linked to multiple psychological domains, including cognitive control, pain, and emotion. However, it is unclear whether this region encodes representations of these domains that are generalizable across studies and subdomains. Additionally, if there are generalizable representations, do they reflect a single underlying process shared across domains, or multiple domain-specific processes? We decomposed multivariate patterns of fMRI activity from 270 participants across 18 studies into study-specific, subdomain-specific, and domain-specific components, and identified latent multivariate representations that generalized across subdomains but were specific to each domain. Pain representations were localized to anterior midcingulate cortex, negative emotion representations to ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and cognitive control representations to portions of the dorsal midcingulate. These findings provide evidence for MFC representations that generalize across studies and subdomains, but are specific to distinct psychological domains rather than reducible to a single underlying process.
Collapse
|
41
|
How do morphological alterations caused by chronic pain distribute across the brain? A meta-analytic co-alteration study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 18:15-30. [PMID: 30023166 PMCID: PMC5987668 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
•In chronic pain, gray matter (GM) alterations are not distributed randomly across the brain.•The pattern of co-alterations resembles that of brain connectivity.•The alterations' distribution partly rely on the pathways of functional connectivity.•This method allows us to identify tendencies in the distribution of GM co-alteration related to chronic pain.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zinchenko O, Arsalidou M. Brain responses to social norms: Meta-analyses of fMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:955-970. [PMID: 29160930 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social norms have a critical role in everyday decision-making, as frequent interaction with others regulates our behavior. Neuroimaging studies show that social-based and fairness-related decision-making activates an inconsistent set of areas, which sometimes includes the anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and others lateral prefrontal cortices. Social-based decision-making is complex and variability in findings may be driven by socio-cognitive activities related to social norms. To distinguish among social-cognitive activities related to social norms, we identified 36 eligible articles in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature, which we separate into two categories (a) social norm representation and (b) norm violations. The majority of original articles (>60%) used tasks associated with fairness norms and decision-making, such as ultimatum game, dictator game, or prisoner's dilemma; the rest used tasks associated to violation of moral norms, such as scenarios and sentences of moral depravity ratings. Using quantitative meta-analyses, we report common and distinct brain areas that show concordance as a function of category. Specifically, concordance in ventromedial prefrontal regions is distinct to social norm representation processing, whereas concordance in right insula, dorsolateral prefrontal, and dorsal cingulate cortices is distinct to norm violation processing. We propose a neurocognitive model of social norms for healthy adults, which could help guide future research in social norm compliance and mechanisms of its enforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Zinchenko
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marie Arsalidou
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Balsters JH, Apps MAJ, Bolis D, Lehner R, Gallagher L, Wenderoth N. Disrupted prediction errors index social deficits in autism spectrum disorder. Brain 2017; 140:235-246. [PMID: 28031223 PMCID: PMC5379861 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Social deficits are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder; however, the perturbed neural mechanisms underpinning these deficits remain unclear. It has been suggested that social prediction errors—coding discrepancies between the predicted and actual outcome of another’s decisions—might play a crucial role in processing social information. While the gyral surface of the anterior cingulate cortex signalled social prediction errors in typically developing individuals, this crucial social signal was altered in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Importantly, the degree to which social prediction error signalling was aberrant correlated with diagnostic measures of social deficits. Effective connectivity analyses further revealed that, in typically developing individuals but not in autism spectrum disorder, the magnitude of social prediction errors was driven by input from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These data provide a novel insight into the neural substrates underlying autism spectrum disorder social symptom severity, and further research into the gyral surface of the anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex could provide more targeted therapies to help ameliorate social deficits in autism spectrum disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Balsters
- 1 Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland .,2 Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Matthew A J Apps
- 3 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Dimitris Bolis
- 1 Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rea Lehner
- 1 Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Louise Gallagher
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- 1 Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.,5 Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu X, Chen W, Hou H, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu J, Guo Z, Bai G. Decreased functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and lingual gyrus in Alzheimer's disease patients with depression. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:132-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
45
|
Hirjak D, Thomann PA, Wolf RC, Kubera KM, Goch C, Hering J, Maier-Hein KH. White matter microstructure variations contribute to neurological soft signs in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3552-3565. [PMID: 28429448 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurological soft signs (NSS) are core features of psychiatric disorders with significant neurodevelopmental origin. However, it is unclear whether NSS correlates are associated with neuropathological processes underlying the disease or if they are confounded by medication. Given that NSS are also present in healthy persons (HP), investigating HP could reveal NSS correlates, which are not biased by disease-specific processes or drug treatment. Therefore, we used a combination of diffusion MRI analysis tools to provide a framework of specific white matter (WM) microstructure variations underlying NSS in HP. METHOD NSS of 59 HP were examined on the Heidelberg Scale and related to diffusion associated metrics. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), we studied WM variations in fractional anisotropy (FA) as well as radial (RD), axial (AD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Using graph analytics (clustering coefficient-CC, local betweenness centrality -BC), we then explored DTI-derived structural network variations in regions identified by previous MRI studies on NSS. RESULTS NSS scores were negatively associated with RD, AD and MD in corpus callosum, brainstem and cerebellum (P < 0.05, corr.). NSS scores were negatively associated with CC and BC of the pallidum, the superior parietal gyrus, the precentral sulcus, the insula, and the cingulate gyrus (P < 0.05, uncorr.). CONCLUSION The present study supports the notion that WM microstructure variations in subcortical and cortical sensorimotor regions contribute to NSS expression in young HP. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3552-3565, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp A Thomann
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Mental Health, Odenwald District Healthcare Center, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 10-20, 64711, Erbach, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caspar Goch
- Medical Image Computing Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hering
- Medical Image Computing Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus H Maier-Hein
- Medical Image Computing Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chiu WZ, Donker Kaat L, Boon AJW, Kamphorst W, Schleicher A, Zilles K, van Swieten JC, Palomero-Gallagher N. Multireceptor fingerprints in progressive supranuclear palsy. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:28. [PMID: 28412965 PMCID: PMC5393015 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) with a frontal presentation, characterized by cognitive deficits and behavioral changes, has been recognized as an early clinical picture, distinct from the classical so-called Richardson and parkinsonism presentations. The midcingulate cortex is associated with executive and attention tasks and has consistently been found to be impaired in imaging studies of patients with PSP. The aim of the present study was to determine alterations in neurotransmission underlying the pathophysiology of PSP, as well as their significance for clinically identifiable PSP subgroups. Methods In vitro receptor autoradiography was used to quantify densities of 20 different receptors in the caudate nucleus and midcingulate area 24' of patients with PSP (n = 16) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 14). Results Densities of γ-aminobutyric acid type B, peripheral benzodiazepine, serotonin receptor type 2, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors were significantly higher in area 24′ of patients with PSP, where tau impairment was stronger than in the caudate nucleus. Kainate and nicotinic cholinergic receptor densities were significantly lower, and adenosine receptor type 1 (A1) receptors significantly higher, in the caudate nucleus of patients with PSP. Receptor fingerprints also segregated PSP subgroups when clinical parameters such as occurrence of frontal presentation and tau pathology severity were taken into consideration. Conclusions We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that kainate and A1 receptors are altered in PSP and that clinically identifiable PSP subgroups differ at the neurochemical level. Numerous receptors were altered in the midcingulate cortex, further suggesting that it may prove to be a key region in PSP. Finally, we add to the evidence that nondopaminergic systems play a role in the pathophysiology of PSP, thus highlighting potential novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Donker Kaat
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnita J W Boon
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kamphorst
- Department of Neuropathology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Schleicher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Torta D, Legrain V, Mouraux A, Valentini E. Attention to pain! A neurocognitive perspective on attentional modulation of pain in neuroimaging studies. Cortex 2017; 89:120-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
48
|
Balconi M, Crivelli D, Bove M. ‘Eppur si move’: The Association Between Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Signatures of Perceived Movement Illusions. J Mot Behav 2017; 50:37-50. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2016.1271305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Crivelli
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
McKinnon AC, Duffy SL, Cross NE, Terpening Z, Grunstein RR, Lagopoulos J, Batchelor J, Hickie IB, Lewis SJ, Shine JM, Naismith SL. Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network is Reduced in Association with Nocturnal Awakening in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:1373-1384. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. McKinnon
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Shantel L. Duffy
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan E. Cross
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe NSW, Australia
| | - Zoe Terpening
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ian B. Hickie
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
| | - Simon J.G. Lewis
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
| | - James M. Shine
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L. Naismith
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zheng J, Yang X, Zhao Q, Tian S, Huang H, Chen Y, Xu Y. Association between gene polymorphism and depression in Parkinson's disease: A case-control study. J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:231-234. [PMID: 28320136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations of Parkinson's disease (PD) with polymorphism in depression-related genes and in the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene. METHODS A consecutive series of patients with PD were divided into those with depression and those without it. Patients (330) were genotyped at four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genes previously associated with depression, as well as four SNPs in the PD-associated SNCA gene. RESULTS Of 330 patients, 125 (37.9%) had depression and 205 (62.1%) did not. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups in minor allele frequency at the SNP rs1545843 in the SLC6A15 gene (p<0.05), as well as in frequencies of genotypes and minor alleles at rs78162420 in the TPH2 gene (all p<0.05). Logistic regression identified the following risk factors for depression among patients with PD: Hoehn and Yahr stage>2 (OR 1.759, 95%CI 1.035-2.989, p=0.037), AA genotype at rs1545843 (OR 1.866, 95%CI 1.017-3.426, p=0.044), and AC genotype at rs78162420 (OR 5.036, 95%CI 1.451-17.484, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with PD, depression is associated with polymorphism at rs78162420 and rs1545843, both previously linked with depression. Our results may help clarify the pathogenesis of depression in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Quanzhen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Sijia Tian
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yalan Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|