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Cheng TW, Mills KL, Pfeifer JH. Revisiting adolescence as a sensitive period for sociocultural processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105820. [PMID: 39032845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Waves of research and public discourse have characterized adolescence as periods of developmental risk and opportunity. Underlying this discussion is the recognition that adolescence is a period of major biological and social transition when experience may have an outsized effect on development. This article updates and expands upon prior work suggesting that adolescence may be a sensitive period for sociocultural processing specifically. By integrating evidence from developmental psychology and neuroscience, we identify how trajectories of social and neurobiological development may relate to adolescents' ability to adapt to and learn from their social environments. However, we also highlight gaps in the literature, including challenges in attributing developmental change to adolescent experiences. We discuss the importance of better understanding variability in biology (e.g., pubertal development) and cultural environments, as well as distinguishing between sensitive periods and periods of heightened sensitivity. Finally, we look toward future directions and translational implications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W Cheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
| | - Jennifer H Pfeifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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Sikjaer T, Eskildsen SF, Underbjerg L, Østergaard L, Rejnmark L, Evald L. Hypoparathyroidism: changes in brain structure, cognitive impairment, and reduced quality of life. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:855-866. [PMID: 38648280 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a disease with no/or inadequate production/secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands. Low levels of PTH result in hypocalcemia, which is often treated with calcium supplementation and active vitamin-D analogs. However, increasing evidence suggests that HypoPT has a profound impact on several organ systems. Quality of life (QOL) is reduced in patients with HypoPT, partly due to symptoms related to the central nervous system-including subjective feelings of confusion, a reduced ability to focus and think clearly (ie, "brain fog"). However, the extent to which these complex symptoms relate to quantifiable changes in patients' cognitive performance as determined by neuropsychological tests remains unclear. The brains of HypoPT patients may reveal tissue calcifications, but the extent to which long-term brain exposure to low PTH levels and/or changing calcium levels affects brain structure is unknown. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated PTH levels, QOL, cognitive impairment, and brain structure in well-treated post-surgical and non-surgical hypoparathyroid patients compared with healthy controls. QOL was quantified by the SF36v2, WHO-5 wellbeing Index, and two disease-specific questionnaires-the HPQ28 and Hypoparathyroidism Symptom Diary. Cognitive functions were tested using comprehensive neuropsychological. Brain structure was quantified by morphological analyses of magnetic resonance imaging images. We found reduced QOL and cognitive functioning in terms of processing speed, executive functions, visual memory, and auditory memory in HypoPT. Furthermore, HypoPT revealed a reduced volume of the hippocampus-and the size of the thalamus in postsurgical patients was associated with the disease duration. Importantly, patients reporting severe brain fog had a smaller hippocampus than those with less brainfog. HypoPT is associated with quantifiable cognitive deficits and changes in brain structure that align with patient symptoms. Our exploratory study warrants further studies of the neurobiological impact of PTH and of the impact of PTH replacements therapy on patients' cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sikjaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Horsens Regional Hospital, 8700 Horsens, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Fristed Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line Underbjerg
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Evald
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, 8450 Hammel, Denmark
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van Drunen L, Dobbelaar S, Crone EA, Wierenga LM. Genetic and environmental influences on structural brain development from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal twin study on cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 68:101407. [PMID: 38870602 PMCID: PMC11225697 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The human brain undergoes structural development from childhood to adolescence, with specific regions in the sensorimotor, social, and affective networks continuing to grow into adulthood. While genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in these brain trajectories, the extent remains understudied. Our longitudinal study, utilizing up to three biennial MRI scans (n=485), aimed to assess the genetic and environmental effects on brain structure (age 7) and development (ages 7-14) in these regions. Heritability estimates varied across brain regions, with all regions showing genetic influence (ranging from 18 % to 59 %) with additional shared environmental factors affecting the primary motor cortex (30 %), somatosensory cortex (35 %), DLPFC (5 %), TPJ (17 %), STS (17 %), precuneus (10 %), hippocampus (22 %), amygdala (5 %), and nucleus accumbens (10 %). Surface area was more genetically driven (38 %) than cortical thickness (14 %). Longitudinal brain changes were primarily driven by genetics (ranging from 1 % to 29 %), though shared environment factors (additionally) influenced the somatosensory cortex (11 %), DLPFC (7 %), cerebellum (28 %), TPJ (16 %), STS (20 %), and hippocampus (17 %). These findings highlight the importance of further investigating brain-behavior associations and the influence of enriched and deprived environments from childhood to adolescence. Ultimately, our study can provide insights for interventions aimed at supporting children's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Drunen
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - S Dobbelaar
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - E A Crone
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands
| | - L M Wierenga
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Quesnel MJ, Labonté A, Picard C, Bowie DC, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A, Villeneuve S, Poirier J. Osteopontin: A novel marker of pre-symptomatic sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39072932 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigate the role of osteopontin (OPN) in participants with Pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in AD brains. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) OPN, AD, and synaptic biomarker levels were measured in 109 cognitively unimpaired (CU), parental-history positive Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT-AD) participants, and in 167 CU and 399 participants with MCI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. OPN levels were examined as a function of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positivity. Survival analyses investigated the link between OPN and rate of conversion to AD. RESULTS In PREVENT-AD, CSF OPN was positively correlated with synaptic biomarkers. In PREVENT-AD and ADNI, OPN was elevated in CSF Aβ42/40(+)/total tau(+) and CSF Aβ42/40(+)/phosphorylated tau181(+) individuals. In ADNI, OPN was increased in Aβ(+) positron emission tomography (PET) and tau(+) PET individuals, and associated with an accelerated rate of conversion to AD. OPN was elevated in autopsy-confirmed AD brains. DISCUSSION Strong associations between CSF OPN and key markers of AD pathophysiology suggest a significant role for OPN in tau neurobiology, particularly in the early stages of the disease. HIGHLIGHTS In the Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease cohort, we discovered that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) osteopontin (OPN) levels can indicate early synaptic dysfunction, tau deposition, and neuronal loss in cognitively unimpaired elderly with a parental history. CSF OPN is elevated in amyloid beta(+) positron emission tomography (PET) and tau(+) PET individuals. Elevated CSF OPN is associated with an accelerated rate of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elevated CSF OPN is associated with an accelerated rate of cognitive decline on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale 13, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes. OPN mRNA and protein levels are significantly upregulated in the frontal cortex of autopsy-confirmed AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc James Quesnel
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel C Bowie
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SU/Mölndals sjukhus, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SU/Mölndals sjukhus, Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SU/Mölndals sjukhus, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, Canada
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Quesnel MJ, Labonté A, Picard C, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brinkmalm A, Villeneuve S, Poirier J. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in at-risk adults and autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer brains. Brain 2024; 147:1680-1695. [PMID: 37992295 PMCID: PMC11068109 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their receptors are highly expressed in the adult hippocampus. Thus, disturbances in the insulin-IGF signalling pathway may account for the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to nascent Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In the present study, we examined the predominant IGF-binding protein in the CSF, IGFBP2. CSF was collected from 109 asymptomatic members of the parental history-positive PREVENT-AD cohort. CSF levels of IGFBP2, core AD and synaptic biomarkers were measured using proximity extension assay, ELISA and mass spectrometry. Cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposition were examined using 18F-NAV4694 and flortaucipir. Cognitive assessments were performed during up to 8 years of follow-up, using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. T1-weighted structural MRI scans were acquired, and neuroimaging analyses were performed on pre-specified temporal and parietal brain regions. Next, in an independent cohort, we allocated 241 dementia-free ADNI-1 participants into four stages of AD progression based on the biomarkers CSF Aβ42 and total-tau (t-tau). In this analysis, differences in CSF and plasma IGFBP2 levels were examined across the pathological stages. Finally, IGFBP2 mRNA and protein levels were examined in the frontal cortex of 55 autopsy-confirmed AD and 31 control brains from the Quebec Founder Population (QFP) cohort, a unique population isolated from Eastern Canada. CSF IGFBP2 progressively increased over 5 years in asymptomatic PREVENT-AD participants. Baseline CSF IGFBP2 was positively correlated with CSF AD biomarkers and synaptic biomarkers, and negatively correlated with longitudinal changes in delayed memory (P = 0.024) and visuospatial abilities (P = 0.019). CSF IGFBP2 was negatively correlated at a trend-level with entorhinal cortex volume (P = 0.082) and cortical thickness in the piriform (P = 0.039), inferior temporal (P = 0.008), middle temporal (P = 0.014) and precuneus (P = 0.033) regions. In ADNI-1, CSF (P = 0.009) and plasma (P = 0.001) IGFBP2 were significantly elevated in Stage 2 [CSF Aβ(+)/t-tau(+)]. In survival analyses in ADNI-1, elevated plasma IGFBP2 was associated with a greater rate of AD conversion (hazard ratio = 1.62, P = 0.021). In the QFP cohort, IGFBP2 mRNA was reduced (P = 0.049); however, IGFBP2 protein levels did not differ in the frontal cortex of autopsy-confirmed AD brains (P = 0.462). Nascent AD pathology may induce an upregulation in IGFBP2 in asymptomatic individuals. CSF and plasma IGFBP2 may be valuable markers for identifying CSF Aβ(+)/t-tau(+) individuals and those with a greater risk of AD conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc James Quesnel
- McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792-2420, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 431 80, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75646 Cedex 13, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 431 80, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
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Pak V, Adewale Q, Bzdok D, Dadar M, Zeighami Y, Iturria-Medina Y. Distinctive whole-brain cell types predict tissue damage patterns in thirteen neurodegenerative conditions. eLife 2024; 12:RP89368. [PMID: 38512130 PMCID: PMC10957173 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
For over a century, brain research narrative has mainly centered on neuron cells. Accordingly, most neurodegenerative studies focus on neuronal dysfunction and their selective vulnerability, while we lack comprehensive analyses of other major cell types' contribution. By unifying spatial gene expression, structural MRI, and cell deconvolution, here we describe how the human brain distribution of canonical cell types extensively predicts tissue damage in 13 neurodegenerative conditions, including early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mutations in presenilin-1, and 3 clinical variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (behavioral variant, semantic and non-fluent primary progressive aphasia) along with associated three-repeat and four-repeat tauopathies and TDP43 proteinopathies types A and C. We reconstructed comprehensive whole-brain reference maps of cellular abundance for six major cell types and identified characteristic axes of spatial overlapping with atrophy. Our results support the strong mediating role of non-neuronal cells, primarily microglia and astrocytes, in spatial vulnerability to tissue loss in neurodegeneration, with distinct and shared across-disorder pathomechanisms. These observations provide critical insights into the multicellular pathophysiology underlying spatiotemporal advance in neurodegeneration. Notably, they also emphasize the need to exceed the current neuro-centric view of brain diseases, supporting the imperative for cell-specific therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pak
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental HealthMontrealCanada
| | - Quadri Adewale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental HealthMontrealCanada
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMontrealCanada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- School of Computer Science, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Mila – Quebec Artificial Intelligence InstituteMontrealCanada
| | | | | | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental HealthMontrealCanada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McGill Centre for Studies in AgingMontrealCanada
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7
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Juul-Madsen K, Parbo P, Ismail R, Ovesen PL, Schmidt V, Madsen LS, Thyrsted J, Gierl S, Breum M, Larsen A, Andersen MN, Romero-Ramos M, Holm CK, Andersen GR, Zhao H, Schuck P, Nygaard JV, Sutherland DS, Eskildsen SF, Willnow TE, Brooks DJ, Vorup-Jensen T. Amyloid-β aggregates activate peripheral monocytes in mild cognitive impairment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1224. [PMID: 38336934 PMCID: PMC10858199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The peripheral immune system is important in neurodegenerative diseases, both in protecting and inflaming the brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Alzheimer's Disease is commonly preceded by a prodromal period. Here, we report the presence of large Aβ aggregates in plasma from patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 38). The aggregates are associated with low level Alzheimer's Disease-like brain pathology as observed by 11C-PiB PET and 18F-FTP PET and lowered CD18-rich monocytes. We characterize complement receptor 4 as a strong binder of amyloids and show Aβ aggregates are preferentially phagocytosed and stimulate lysosomal activity through this receptor in stem cell-derived microglia. KIM127 integrin activation in monocytes promotes size selective phagocytosis of Aβ. Hydrodynamic calculations suggest Aβ aggregates associate with vessel walls of the cortical capillaries. In turn, we hypothesize aggregates may provide an adhesion substrate for recruiting CD18-rich monocytes into the cortex. Our results support a role for complement receptor 4 in regulating amyloid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Parbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Rola Ismail
- Department of Nuclear medicine and PET, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Peter L Ovesen
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lasse S Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Building 1710, Universitetsbyen 3, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob Thyrsted
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sarah Gierl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mihaela Breum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten N Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian K Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Building 31, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Building 31, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jens V Nygaard
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10 D, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisiciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Building 1710, Universitetsbyen 3, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes, The Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, The Skou Building, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Interdisiciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8200, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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8
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Slomine B, Molteni E. Pediatric disorders of consciousness: Considerations, controversies, and caveats. NeuroRehabilitation 2024; 54:129-139. [PMID: 38251068 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric disorders of consciousness (PedDOC) encompass conditions that may occur following very severe traumatic or other forms of acquired brain injury sustained during childhood. As in adults, PedDOC is described as a disturbance of awareness and/or responsiveness. PedDOC is a complex condition that requires specialized care, infrastructures, and technologies. PedDOC poses many challenges to healthcare providers and caregivers during recovery and throughout development. In this commentary, we intend to highlight some considerations, controversies, and caveats on the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of PedDOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Slomine
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erika Molteni
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Morrison C, Dadar M, Collins DL. Sex differences in risk factors, burden, and outcomes of cerebrovascular disease in Alzheimer's disease populations. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:34-46. [PMID: 37735954 PMCID: PMC10916959 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with cognitive decline and progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. It remains unclear if sex differences influence WMH progression or the relationship between WMH and cognition. METHODS Linear mixed models examined the relationship between risk factors, WMHs, and cognition in males and females. RESULTS Males exhibited increased WMH progression in occipital, but lower progression in frontal, total, and deep than females. For males, history of hypertension was the strongest contributor, while in females, the vascular composite was the strongest contributor to WMH burden. WMH burden was more strongly associated with decreases in global cognition, executive functioning, memory, and functional activities in females than males. DISCUSSION Controlling vascular risk factors may reduce WMH in both males and females. For males, targeting hypertension may be most important to reduce WMHs. The results have implications for therapies/interventions targeting cerebrovascular pathology and subsequent cognitive decline. HIGHLIGHTS Hypertension is the main vascular risk factor associated with WMH in males A combination of vascular risk factors contributes to WMH burden in females Only small WMH burden differences were observed between sexes Females' cognition was more negatively impacted by WMH burden than males Females with WMHs may have less resilience to future pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Morrison
- McConnell Brain Imaging CentreMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Mahsa Dadar
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Donald Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging CentreMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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10
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Dimanova P, Borbás R, Raschle NM. From mother to child: How intergenerational transfer is reflected in similarity of corticolimbic brain structure and mental health. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101324. [PMID: 37979300 PMCID: PMC10692656 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intergenerational transfer effects include traits transmission from parent to child. While behaviorally well documented, studies on intergenerational transfer effects for brain structure or functioning are scarce, especially those examining relations of behavioral and neurobiological endophenotypes. This study aims to investigate behavioral and neural intergenerational transfer effects associated with the corticolimbic circuitry, relevant for socioemotional functioning and mental well-being. METHODS T1-neuroimaging and behavioral data was obtained from 72 participants (39 mother-child dyads/ 39 children; 7-13 years; 16 girls/ 33 mothers; 26-52 years). Gray matter volume (GMV) was extracted from corticolimbic regions (subcortical: amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens; neocortical: anterior cingulate, medial orbitofrontal areas). Mother-child similarity was quantified by correlation coefficients and comparisons to random adult-child pairs. RESULTS We identified significant corticolimbic mother-child similarity (r = 0.663) stronger for subcortical over neocortical regions. Mother-child similarity in mental well-being was significant (r = 0.409) and the degree of dyadic similarity in mental well-being was predicted by similarity in neocortical, but not subcortical GMV. CONCLUSION Intergenerational neuroimaging reveals significant mother-child transfer for corticolimbic GMV, most strongly for subcortical regions. However, variations in neocortical similarity predicted similarity in mother-child well-being. Ultimately, such techniques may enhance our knowledge of behavioral and neural familial transfer effects relevant for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamina Dimanova
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Réka Borbás
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Pulli EP, Nolvi S, Eskola E, Nordenswan E, Holmberg E, Copeland A, Kumpulainen V, Silver E, Merisaari H, Saunavaara J, Parkkola R, Lähdesmäki T, Saukko E, Kataja E, Korja R, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Tuulari JJ. Structural brain correlates of non-verbal cognitive ability in 5-year-old children: Findings from the FinnBrain birth cohort study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5582-5601. [PMID: 37606608 PMCID: PMC10619410 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-verbal cognitive ability predicts multiple important life outcomes, for example, school and job performance. It has been associated with parieto-frontal cortical anatomy in prior studies in adult and adolescent populations, while young children have received relatively little attention. We explored the associations between cortical anatomy and non-verbal cognitive ability in 165 5-year-old participants (mean scan age 5.40 years, SD 0.13; 90 males) from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study. T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images were processed using FreeSurfer. Non-verbal cognitive ability was measured using the Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ) estimated from the Block Design and Matrix Reasoning subtests from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III). In vertex-wise general linear models, PIQ scores associated positively with volumes in the left caudal middle frontal and right pericalcarine regions, as well as surface area in left the caudal middle frontal, left inferior temporal, and right lingual regions. There were no associations between PIQ and cortical thickness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine structural correlates of non-verbal cognitive ability in a large sample of typically developing 5-year-olds. The findings are generally in line with prior findings from older age groups, with the important addition of the positive association between volume / surface area in the right medial occipital region and non-verbal cognitive ability. This finding adds to the literature by discovering a new brain region that should be considered in future studies exploring the role of cortical structure for cognitive development in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmo P. Pulli
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech‐Language PathologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eeva Eskola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Elisabeth Nordenswan
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eeva Holmberg
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Anni Copeland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Venla Kumpulainen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Eero Silver
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Harri Merisaari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical PhysicsTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of RadiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Tuire Lähdesmäki
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Eeva‐Leena Kataja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychiatryTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jetro J. Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychiatryTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and TechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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12
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Veerareddy A, Fang H, Safari N, Xu P, Krueger F. Cognitive empathy mediates the relationship between gray matter volume size of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and social network size: A voxel-based morphometry study. Cortex 2023; 169:279-289. [PMID: 37972460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Social networks are an important factor in developing and maintaining social relationships. The social brain network comprises brain regions that differ in terms of their location, structure, and functioning, and these differences tend to vary among individuals with different social network sizes. However, it remains unknown how social cognitive abilities such as empathy can affect social network size. The goal of our study was to examine the relationship between brain regions in the social brain network, empathy, and individual social network size by using the Social Network Index, which measures social network diversity, size, and complexity by assessing 12 different types of relationships. We performed voxel-based morphometry and mediation analyses using data from questionnaires and structural magnetic resonance imaging data in a sample of 204 young adults. Our findings showed that the gray matter volume of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) was inversely associated with social network size and cognitive empathy mediated this association, suggesting that decreased gray matter volume in the dmPFC is associated with greater utilization of cognitive empathy, which, in turn, seems to increase social network size. A potential mechanism explaining this inverse relationship could be cognitive pruning, a phenomenon that occurs in the brain between early adolescence and adulthood, but future longitudinal studies are needed. In conclusion, our findings provide information about the neurocognitive mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huihua Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nooshin Safari
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (BNU), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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13
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Bottenhorn KL, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Mills KL, Laird AR, Herting MM. Profiling intra- and inter-individual differences in brain development across early adolescence. Neuroimage 2023; 279:120287. [PMID: 37536527 PMCID: PMC10833064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As we move toward population-level developmental neuroscience, understanding intra- and inter-individual variability in brain maturation and sources of neurodevelopmental heterogeneity becomes paramount. Large-scale, longitudinal neuroimaging studies have uncovered group-level neurodevelopmental trajectories, and while recent work has begun to untangle intra- and inter-individual differences, they remain largely unclear. Here, we aim to quantify both intra- and inter-individual variability across facets of neurodevelopment across early adolescence (ages 8.92 to 13.83 years) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and examine inter-individual variability as a function of age, sex, and puberty. Our results provide novel insight into differences in annualized percent change in macrostructure, microstructure, and functional brain development from ages 9-13 years old. These findings reveal moderate age-related intra-individual change, but age-related differences in inter-individual variability only in a few measures of cortical macro- and microstructure development. Greater inter-individual variability in brain development were seen in mid-pubertal individuals, except for a few aspects of white matter development that were more variable between prepubertal individuals in some tracts. Although both sexes contributed to inter-individual differences in macrostructure and functional development in a few regions of the brain, we found limited support for hypotheses regarding greater male-than-female variability. This work highlights pockets of individual variability across facets of early adolescent brain development, while also highlighting regional differences in heterogeneity to facilitate future investigations in quantifying and probing nuances in normative development, and deviations therefrom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University St, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
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14
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van Drunen L, Toenders YJ, Wierenga LM, Crone EA. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on structural brain development in early adolescence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5600. [PMID: 37019914 PMCID: PMC10075168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health crisis with large behavioral effects and serious stress and social consequences. Particularly, teenagers suffered pandemic-related social restrictions including school closures. This study examined whether and how structural brain development was influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and whether pandemic length was associated with accumulating or resilience effects of brain development. We investigated structural changes in social brain regions (medial prefrontal cortex: mPFC; temporoparietal junction: TPJ) as well as the stress-related hippocampus and amygdala, using a longitudinal design of 2 MRI waves. We selected two age-matched subgroups (9-13 years old), one was tested before (n = 114) and the other during (peri-pandemic group, n = 204) the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated that teenagers in the peri-pandemic group showed accelerated development in the mPFC and hippocampus compared to the before-pandemic group. Furthermore, TPJ growth showed immediate effects followed by possibly subsequent recovery effects that returned to a typical developmental pattern. No effects were observed for the amygdala. The findings of this region-of-interest study suggest that experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic measures had accelerating effects on hippocampus and mPFC development but the TPJ showed resilience to negative effects. Follow-up MRI assessments are needed to test acceleration and recovery effects over longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Drunen
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Y J Toenders
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Brain and Development Research Center, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - L M Wierenga
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E A Crone
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Hong SB. Brain regional homogeneity and its association with age and intelligence in typically developing youth. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 82:103497. [PMID: 36764248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated synaptic pruning and weakening of short-range functional connectivity are characteristic of adolescent brain development. Based on these structural microscopic and system-level functional changes, it was hypothesized that regional homogeneity (ReHo) may decrease with age in the developing brain, and a differential association between ReHo and cognitive performance was expected to depend on age. ReHo maps of typically developing participants were provided by the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-200 Preprocessed repository. Intelligence quotient was evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Chinese Children-Revised and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence at Peking University and New York University, respectively. Correlations between ReHo and age were examined, along with the interaction effects of ReHo and age on intelligence quotient (IQ), in 121 typically developing youth aged 8-14 years. Of the 400 ROIs tested, ReHo in 105 brain regions was significantly correlated with age (p < 0.05, false discovery rate-corrected), among which 102 showed that ReHo decreased with age. In addition, ReHo in 18 brain regions was negatively correlated with age at Bonferroni-corrected thresholds (p < 0.05), and most associations were observed in the prefrontal cortex. The interaction analyses suggested that higher ReHo was associated with higher IQ in children, whereas this association was attenuated or reversed in adolescents (p < 0.05, uncorrected). ReHo decreased with age in the developing brain and was differentially associated with intelligence in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Beom Hong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Cerri S, Greve DN, Hoopes A, Lundell H, Siebner HR, Mühlau M, Van Leemput K. An open-source tool for longitudinal whole-brain and white matter lesion segmentation. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103354. [PMID: 36907041 PMCID: PMC10024238 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe and validate a longitudinal method for whole-brain segmentation of longitudinal MRI scans. It builds upon an existing whole-brain segmentation method that can handle multi-contrast data and robustly analyze images with white matter lesions. This method is here extended with subject-specific latent variables that encourage temporal consistency between its segmentation results, enabling it to better track subtle morphological changes in dozens of neuroanatomical structures and white matter lesions. We validate the proposed method on multiple datasets of control subjects and patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, and compare its results against those obtained with its original cross-sectional formulation and two benchmark longitudinal methods. The results indicate that the method attains a higher test-retest reliability, while being more sensitive to longitudinal disease effect differences between patient groups. An implementation is publicly available as part of the open-source neuroimaging package FreeSurfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cerri
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Andrew Hoopes
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Henrik Lundell
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Mühlau
- Department of Neurology and TUM-Neuroimaging Center, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Koen Van Leemput
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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17
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Koerte IK, Wiegand TLT, Bonke EM, Kochsiek J, Shenton ME. Diffusion Imaging of Sport-related Repetitive Head Impacts-A Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2023; 33:122-143. [PMID: 36508043 PMCID: PMC9998592 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive head impacts (RHI) are commonly observed in athletes participating in contact sports such as American football, ice hockey, and soccer. RHI usually do not result in acute symptoms and are therefore often referred to as subclinical or "subconcussive" head impacts. Epidemiological studies report an association between exposure to RHI and an increased risk for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has emerged as particularly promising for the detection of subtle alterations in brain microstructure following exposure to sport-related RHI. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of exposure to RHI on brain microstructure using dMRI. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to determine studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria across three databases. Seventeen studies were identified and critically evaluated. Results from these studies suggest an association between white matter alterations and RHI exposure in youth and young adult athletes. The most consistent finding across studies was lower or decreased fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of the directionality of the diffusion of water molecules, associated with greater exposure to sport-related RHI. Whether decreased FA is associated with functional outcome (e.g., cognition) in those exposed to RHI is yet to be determined. This review further identified areas of importance for future research to increase the diagnostic and prognostic value of dMRI in RHI and to improve our understanding of the effects of RHI on brain physiology and microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K Koerte
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. .,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tim L T Wiegand
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elena M Bonke
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Janna Kochsiek
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Nwosu EC, Holmes MJ, Cotton MF, Dobbels E, Little F, Laughton B, van der Kouwe A, Robertson F, Meintjes EM. Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:15. [PMID: 36829110 PMCID: PMC9951512 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life-long early ART (started before age 2 years), often with periods of treatment interruption, is now the standard of care in pediatric HIV infection. Although cross-sectional studies have investigated HIV-related differences in cortical morphology in the setting of early ART and ART interruption, the long-term impact on cortical developmental trajectories is unclear. This study compares the longitudinal trajectories of cortical thickness and folding (gyrification) from age 5 to 9 years in a subset of children perinatally infected with HIV (CPHIV) from the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral therapy (CHER) trial to age-matched children without HIV infection. METHODS 75 CHER participants in follow-up care at FAMCRU (Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu), as well as 66 age-matched controls, received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3 T Siemens Allegra at ages 5, 7 and/or 9 years. MR images were processed, and cortical surfaces reconstructed using the FreeSurfer longitudinal processing stream. Vertex-wise linear mixed effects (LME) analyses were performed across the whole brain to compare the means and linear rates of change of cortical thickness and gyrification from 5 to 9 years between CPHIV and controls, as well as to examine effects of ART interruption. RESULTS Children without HIV demonstrated generalized cortical thinning from 5 to 9 years, with the rate of thinning varying by region, as well as regional age-related gyrification increases. Overall, the means and developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and gyrification were similar in CPHIV. However, at an uncorrected p < 0.005, 6 regions were identified where the cortex of CPHIV was thicker than in uninfected children, namely bilateral insula, left supramarginal, lateral orbitofrontal and superior temporal, and right medial superior frontal regions. Planned ART interruption did not affect development of cortical morphometry. CONCLUSIONS Although our results suggest that normal development of cortical morphometry between the ages of 5 and 9 years is preserved in CPHIV who started ART early, these findings require further confirmation with longitudinal follow-up through the vulnerable adolescent period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Nwosu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Martha J Holmes
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark F Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Family Centre for Research With Ubuntu (FAMCRU), Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Els Dobbels
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Family Centre for Research With Ubuntu (FAMCRU), Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francesca Little
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Family Centre for Research With Ubuntu (FAMCRU), Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,A.A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frances Robertson
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa. .,Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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19
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Joyce JM, La PL, Walker R, Harris A. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of traumatic brain injury and subconcussive hits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1455-1476. [PMID: 35838132 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique used to study metabolites in the brain. MRS findings in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subconcussive hit literature have been mixed. The most common observation is a decrease in N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), traditionally considered a marker of neuronal integrity. Other metabolites, however, such as creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), glutamate+glutamine (Glx) and myo-inositol (mI) have shown inconsistent changes in these populations. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize MRS literature in head injury and explore factors (brain region, injury severity, time since injury, demographic, technical imaging factors, etc.) that may contribute to differential findings. One hundred and thirty-eight studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review and of those, 62 NAA, 24 Cr, 49 Cho, 18 Glx and 21 mI studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A random effects model was used for meta-analyses with brain region as a subgroup for each of the five metabolites studied. Meta-regression was used to examine the influence of potential moderators including injury severity, time since injury, age, sex, tissue composition and methodological factors. In this analysis of 1428 unique head-injured subjects and 1132 controls, the corpus callosum was identified as a brain region highly susceptible to metabolite alteration. NAA was consistently decreased in TBI of all severity, but not in subconcussive hits. Cho and mI were found to be increased in moderate-to-severe TBI but not mild TBI. Glx and Cr were largely unaffected, however did show alterations in certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Michele Joyce
- University of Calgary, 2129, Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 157742, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 157744, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Parker L La
- University of Calgary, 2129, Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 157742, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 157744, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Robyn Walker
- University of Calgary, 2129, Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 157742, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 157744, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Ashley Harris
- University of Calgary, Radiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 157742, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 157744, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Integrated Concussion Research Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
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20
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Yamada J, Shou Q, Miyazaki A, Matsuda T, Takagishi H. Association between relational mobility, brain structure, and prosociality in adolescents. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:615-625. [PMID: 35840544 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trust plays a vital role in human society. Previous studies have suggested that trust comprises general trust and caution. General trust is a belief that others, in general, are trustworthy, and caution is a belief in the importance of vigilance in dealing with others. Adolescence is a critical period for establishing these psychological traits. It is a period of physical and mental development, and the social environment during this period influences adolescents' psychology, including their brain structures. In this study, we focus on relational mobility as a socio-environmental factor that influences the development of adolescents' psychology and the brain. Relational mobility refers to the degree of freedom to choose and replace social relationships and consists of two subfactors (the degree of freedom to choose and replace social relationships and the number of opportunities to meet new people). Accordingly, we analyzed each subfactor separately. Results showed that the degree of freedom to choose and replace social relationships was only negatively associated with caution and left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) volume in adolescents. Furthermore, the effect of the freedom to choose and replace social relationships on caution was significantly relevant to the left pSTG volume. In contrast, the degree of opportunities to meet new people was associated with neither general trust nor caution, whereas it was positively associated with the right supramarginal gyrus volume. This study suggests that the social environment during adolescence influences brain structures related to prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yamada
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qiulu Shou
- Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyazaki
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuda
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruto Takagishi
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Asschenfeldt B, Evald L, Salvig C, Heiberg J, Østergaard L, Eskildsen SF, Hjortdal VE. Altered Cerebral Microstructure in Adults With Atrial Septal Defect and Ventricular Septal Defect Repaired in Childhood. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e020915. [PMID: 35699183 PMCID: PMC9238637 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Delayed brain development, brain injury, and neurodevelopmental disabilities are commonly observed in infants operated for complex congenital heart defect. Our previous findings of poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in individuals operated for simple congenital heart defects calls for further etiological clarification. Hence, we examined the microstructural tissue composition in cerebral cortex and subcortical structures in comparison to healthy controls and whether differences were associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods and Results Adults (n=62) who underwent surgical closure of an atrial septal defect (n=33) or a ventricular septal defect (n=29) in childhood and a group of healthy, matched controls (n=38) were enrolled. Brain diffusional kurtosis imaging and neuropsychological assessment were performed. Cortical and subcortical tissue microstructure were assessed using mean kurtosis tensor and mean diffusivity and compared between groups and tested for associations with neuropsychological outcomes. Alterations in microstructural tissue composition were found in the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes in the congenital heart defects, with distinct mean kurtosis tensor cluster‐specific changes in the right visual cortex (pericalcarine gyrus, P=0.002; occipital part of fusiform and lingual gyri, P=0.019). Altered microstructural tissue composition in the subcortical structures was uncovered in atrial septal defects but not in ventricular septal defects. Associations were found between altered cerebral microstructure and social recognition and executive function. Conclusions Children operated for simple congenital heart defects demonstrated altered microstructural tissue composition in the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures during adulthood when compared with healthy peers. Alterations in cerebral microstructural tissue composition were associated with poorer neuropsychological performance. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03871881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Asschenfeldt
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Lars Evald
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark.,Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic Denmark
| | - Camilla Salvig
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Denmark
| | - Johan Heiberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience Aarhus University Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark.,Neuroradiology Research Unit, Department of Radiology Aarhus University Hospital Denmark
| | - Simon Fristed Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience Aarhus University Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Vibeke Elisabeth Hjortdal
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet and Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Denmark
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22
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Dadar M, Camicioli R, Duchesne S. Multi sequence average templates for aging and neurodegenerative disease populations. Sci Data 2022; 9:238. [PMID: 35624290 PMCID: PMC9142602 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance image (MRI) processing pipelines use average templates to enable standardization of individual MRIs in a common space. MNI-ICBM152 is currently used as the standard template by most MRI processing tools. However, MNI-ICBM152 represents an average of 152 healthy young adult brains and is vastly different from brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In those populations, extensive atrophy might cause inevitable registration errors when using an average template of young healthy individuals for standardization. Disease-specific templates that represent the anatomical characteristics of the populations can reduce such errors and improve downstream driven estimates. We present multi-sequence average templates for Alzheimer's Dementia (AD), Fronto-temporal Dementia (FTD), Lewy Body Dementia (LBD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), cognitively intact and impaired Parkinson's Disease patients (PD-CIE and PD-CI, respectively), individuals with Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI), AD with vascular contribution (V-AD), Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment (V-MCI), Cognitively Intact Elderly (CIE) individuals, and a human phantom. We also provide separate templates for males and females to allow better representation of the diseases in each sex group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dadar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Richard Camicioli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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23
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Tu L, Zhou F, Omata K, Li W, Huang R, Gao W, Zhu Z, Li Y, Liu C, Mao M, Zhang S, Hanakawa T. Increased Gray Matter Volume Induced by Chinese Language Acquisition in Adult Alphabetic Language Speakers. Front Psychol 2022; 13:824219. [PMID: 35548546 PMCID: PMC9084625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.824219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is interesting to explore the effects of second language (L2) acquisition on anatomical change in brain at different stages for the neural structural adaptations are dynamic. Short-term Chinese training effects on brain anatomical structures in alphabetic language speakers have been already studied. However, little is known about the adaptations of the gray matter induced by acquiring Chinese language for a relatively long learning period in adult alphabetic language speakers. To explore this issue, we recruited 38 Indian overseas students in China as our subjects. The learned group included 17 participants who had learned Mandarin Chinese for an average of 3.24 years and achieved intermediate Chinese language proficiency. The control group included 21 subjects who had no knowledge about Chinese. None of the participants had any experience in learning logographic and tonal language before Chinese learning. We found that (1) the learned group had significantly greater gray matter volume (GMV) in the left lingual gyrus (LG) compared with the control group; (2) the Chinese characters’ reading accuracy was significantly and positively correlated to the GMV in the left LG and fusiform gyrus (FG) across the two groups; and (3) in the learned group, the duration of Chinese learning was significantly and positively correlated with the GMV in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) after correction for multiple comparisons with small volume corrections. Our structural imaging findings are in line with the functional imaging studies reporting increased brain activation induced by Chinese acquisition in alphabetic language speakers. The regional gray matter changes reflected the additional requirements imposed by the more difficult processing of Chinese characters and tones. The present study also show that the biological bases of the adaptations induced by a relatively long period of Chinese learning were limited in the common areas for first and foreign language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tu
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kei Omata
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Wendi Li
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhu
- Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- South China Business Trade College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Mao
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Westacott LJ, Wilkinson LS. Complement Dependent Synaptic Reorganisation During Critical Periods of Brain Development and Risk for Psychiatric Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:840266. [PMID: 35600620 PMCID: PMC9120629 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.840266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We now know that the immune system plays a major role in the complex processes underlying brain development throughout the lifespan, carrying out a number of important homeostatic functions under physiological conditions in the absence of pathological inflammation or infection. In particular, complement-mediated synaptic pruning during critical periods of early life may play a key role in shaping brain development and subsequent risk for psychopathology, including neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. However, these disorders vary greatly in their onset, disease course, and prevalence amongst sexes suggesting complex interactions between the immune system, sex and the unique developmental trajectories of circuitries underlying different brain functions which are yet to be fully understood. Perturbations of homeostatic neuroimmune interactions during different critical periods in which regional circuits mature may have a plethora of long-term consequences for psychiatric phenotypes, but at present there is a gap in our understanding of how these mechanisms may impact on the structural and functional changes occurring in the brain at different developmental stages. In this article we will consider the latest developments in the field of complement mediated synaptic pruning where our understanding is beginning to move beyond the visual system where this process was first described, to brain areas and developmental periods of potential relevance to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Westacott
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence S. Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Behavioural Genetics Group, Schools of Psychology and Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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25
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Manera AL, Dadar M, Collins DL, Ducharme S. Ventricular features as reliable differentiators between bvFTD and other dementias. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102947. [PMID: 35134704 PMCID: PMC8856914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our results showed a consistent pattern of ventricle enlargement in the bvFTD patients, particularly in the anterior parts of the frontal and temporal horns of the lateral ventricles. The estimation of the proposed ventricular anteroposterior ratio (APR) resulted in statistically significant difference compared to all other groups. Our study proposes an easy to obtain and generalizable ventricle-based feature (APR) from T1-weighted structural MRI (routinely acquired and available in the clinic) that can be used not only to differentiate bvFTD from normal subjects, but also from other FTD variants (SV and PNFA), MCI, and AD patients. We have made our ventricle feature estimation and bvFTD diagnosis tool (VentRa) publicly available, allowing application of our model in other studies. If validated in a prospective study, VentRa has the potential to aid bvFTD diagnosis, particularly in settings where access to specialized FTD care is limited.
Introduction Lateral ventricles are reliable and sensitive indicators of brain atrophy and disease progression in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We aimed to investigate whether an automated tool using ventricular features could improve diagnostic accuracy in bvFTD across neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Using 678 subjects −69 bvFTD, 38 semantic variant, 37 primary non-fluent aphasia, 218 amyloid + mild cognitive impairment, 74 amyloid + Alzheimer’s Dementia and 242 normal controls- with a total of 2750 timepoints, lateral ventricles were segmented and differences in ventricular features were assessed between bvFTD, normal controls and other dementia cohorts. Results Ventricular antero-posterior ratio (APR) was the only feature that was significantly different and increased faster in bvFTD compared to all other cohorts. We achieved a 10-fold cross-validation accuracy of 80% (77% sensitivity, 82% specificity) in differentiating bvFTD from all other cohorts with other ventricular features (i.e., total ventricular volume and left–right lateral ventricle ratios), and 76% accuracy using only the single APR feature. Discussion Ventricular features, particularly the APR, might be reliable and easy-to-implement markers for bvFTD diagnosis. We have made our ventricle feature estimation and bvFTD diagnostic tool publicly available, allowing application of our model in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Manera
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada.
| | - Mahsa Dadar
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada
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26
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Shafiei G, Bazinet V, Dadar M, Manera AL, Collins DL, Dagher A, Borroni B, Sanchez-Valle R, Moreno F, Laforce R, Graff C, Synofzik M, Galimberti D, Rowe JB, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Finger E, Vandenberghe R, de Mendonça A, Tagliavini F, Santana I, Butler C, Gerhard A, Danek A, Levin J, Otto M, Sorbi S, Jiskoot LC, Seelaar H, van Swieten JC, Rohrer JD, Misic B, Ducharme S. Network structure and transcriptomic vulnerability shape atrophy in frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2022; 146:321-336. [PMID: 35188955 PMCID: PMC9825569 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Connections among brain regions allow pathological perturbations to spread from a single source region to multiple regions. Patterns of neurodegeneration in multiple diseases, including behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), resemble the large-scale functional systems, but how bvFTD-related atrophy patterns relate to structural network organization remains unknown. Here we investigate whether neurodegeneration patterns in sporadic and genetic bvFTD are conditioned by connectome architecture. Regional atrophy patterns were estimated in both genetic bvFTD (75 patients, 247 controls) and sporadic bvFTD (70 patients, 123 controls). First, we identified distributed atrophy patterns in bvFTD, mainly targeting areas associated with the limbic intrinsic network and insular cytoarchitectonic class. Regional atrophy was significantly correlated with atrophy of structurally- and functionally-connected neighbours, demonstrating that network structure shapes atrophy patterns. The anterior insula was identified as the predominant group epicentre of brain atrophy using data-driven and simulation-based methods, with some secondary regions in frontal ventromedial and antero-medial temporal areas. We found that FTD-related genes, namely C9orf72 and TARDBP, confer local transcriptomic vulnerability to the disease, modulating the propagation of pathology through the connectome. Collectively, our results demonstrate that atrophy patterns in sporadic and genetic bvFTD are jointly shaped by global connectome architecture and local transcriptomic vulnerability, providing an explanation as to how heterogenous pathological entities can lead to the same clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahsa Dadar
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ana L Manera
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden,Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Toronto Western Hospital, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Chris Butler
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Gerhard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg and Essen, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Clinical Research Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Lize C Jiskoot
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Correspondence to: Bratislav Misic 3801 Rue University Webster 211, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada E-mail:
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Low household income and neurodevelopment from infancy through adolescence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262607. [PMID: 35081147 PMCID: PMC8791534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in the study of brain maturation at different developmental epochs, no work has linked the significant neural changes occurring just after birth to the subtler refinements in the brain occurring in childhood and adolescence. We aimed to provide a comprehensive picture regarding foundational neurodevelopment and examine systematic differences by family income. Using a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 486 infants, children, and adolescents (age 5 months to 20 years) from the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development and leveraging advances in statistical modeling, we mapped developmental trajectories for the four major cortical lobes and constructed charts that show the statistical distribution of gray matter and reveal the considerable variability in regional volumes and structural change, even among healthy, typically developing children. Further, the data reveal that significant structural differences in gray matter development for children living in or near poverty, first detected during childhood (age 2.5-6.5 years), evolve throughout adolescence.
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28
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Li X, Zhang S, Jiang X, Zhang S, Han J, Guo L, Zhang T. Cortical development coupling between surface area and sulcal depth on macaque brains. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1013-1029. [PMID: 34989870 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal development of cerebral cortex is associated with a variety of neuronal processes and is thus critical to development of brain function and cognition. Longitudinal changes of cortical morphology and topology, such as postnatal cortical thinning and flattening have been widely studied. However, thorough and systematic investigation of such cortical change, including how to quantify it from multiple spatial directions and how to relate it to surface topology, is rarely found. In this work, based on a longitudinal macaque neuroimaging dataset, we quantified local changes in gyral white matter's surface area and sulcal depth during early development. We also investigated how these two metrics are coupled and how this coupling is linked to cortical surface topology, underlying white matter, and positions of functional areas. Semi-parametric generalized additive models were adopted to quantify the longitudinal changes of surface area (A) and sulcal depth (D), and the coupling patterns between them. This resulted in four classes of regions, according to how they change compared with global change throughout early development: slower surface area change and slower sulcal depth change (slowA_slowD), slower surface area change and faster sulcal depth change (slowA_fastD), faster surface area change and slower sulcal depth change (fastA_slowD), and faster surface area change and faster sulcal depth change (fastA_fastD). We found that cortex-related metrics, including folding pattern and cortical thickness, vary along slowA_fastD-fastA_slowD axis, and structural connection-related metrics vary along fastA_fastD-slowA_slowD axis, with which brain functional sites align better. It is also found that cortical landmarks, including sulcal pits and gyral hinges, spatially reside on the borders of the four patterns. These findings shed new lights on the relationship between cortex development, surface topology, axonal wiring pattern and brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songyao Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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29
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Dalby RB, Eskildsen SF, Videbech P, Rosenberg R, Østergaard L. Cerebral hemodynamics and capillary dysfunction in late-onset major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111383. [PMID: 34508953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In major depressive disorder (MDD), perfusion changes in cortico-limbic pathways are interpreted as altered neuronal activity, but they could also signify changes in neurovascular coupling due to altered capillary function. To examine capillary function in late-onset MDD, 22 patients and 22 age- and gender-matched controls underwent perfusion MRI. We measured normalized cerebral blood flow (nCBF), cerebral blood volume (nCBV), and relative transit-time heterogeneity (RTH). Resulting brain oxygenation was estimated in terms of oxygen tension and normalized metabolic rate of oxygen (nCMRO2). Patients revealed signs of capillary dysfunction (elevated RTH) in the anterior prefrontal cortex and ventral anterior cingulate cortex bilaterally and in the left insulate cortex compared to controls, bilateral hypometabolism (parallel reductions of nCBV, nCBF, and CMRO2) but preserved capillary function in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus bilaterally, and hyperactivity with preserved capillary function (increased nCBF) in the cerebellum and brainstem. Our data support that perfusion changes in deep nuclei and cerebellum reflect abnormally low and high activity, respectively, in MDD patients, but suggest that microvascular pathology affects neurovascular coupling in ventral circuits. We speculate that microvascular pathology is important for our understanding of etiology of late-onset MDD as well as infererences about resulting brain activity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke B Dalby
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) / MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) / MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Videbech
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Raben Rosenberg
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; Centre of Psychiatry Amager, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) / MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Neuroradiology Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Dadar M, Manera AL, Fonov VS, Ducharme S, Collins DL. MNI-FTD templates, unbiased average templates of frontotemporal dementia variants. Sci Data 2021; 8:222. [PMID: 34429437 PMCID: PMC8385071 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard templates are widely used in human neuroimaging processing pipelines to facilitate group-level analyses and comparisons across subjects/populations. MNI-ICBM152 template is the most commonly used standard template, representing an average of 152 healthy young adult brains. However, in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), high atrophy levels lead to significant differences between individuals' brain shapes and MNI-ICBM152 template. Such differences might inevitably lead to registration errors or subtle biases in downstream analyses and results. Disease-specific templates are therefore desirable to reflect the anatomical characteristics of the populations of interest and reduce potential registration errors. Here, we present MNI-FTD136, MNI-bvFTD70, MNI-svFTD36, and MNI-pnfaFTD30, four unbiased average templates of 136 FTD patients, 70 behavioural variant (bv), 36 semantic variant (sv), and 30 progressive nonfluent aphasia (pnfa) variant FTD patients and a corresponding age-matched template of 133 controls (MNI-CN133), along with probabilistic tissue maps for each template. Public availability of these templates will facilitate analyses of FTD cohorts and enable comparisons between different studies in an appropriate common standardized space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dadar
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada.
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Centre intégré universitaire santé et services sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Ana L Manera
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (QC), Canada
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31
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Mills KL, Siegmund KD, Tamnes CK, Ferschmann L, Wierenga LM, Bos MGN, Luna B, Li C, Herting MM. Inter-individual variability in structural brain development from late childhood to young adulthood. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118450. [PMID: 34358656 PMCID: PMC8489572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental task in neuroscience is to characterize the brain’s developmental course. While replicable group-level models of structural brain development from childhood to adulthood have recently been identified, we have yet to quantify and understand individual differences in structural brain development. The present study examined inter-individual variability and sex differences in changes in brain structure, as assessed by anatomical MRI, across ages 8.0–26.0 years in 269 participants (149 females) with three time points of data (807 scans), drawn from three longitudinal datasets collected in the Netherlands, Norway, and USA. We further investigated the relationship between overall brain size and developmental changes, as well as how females and males differed in change variability across development. There was considerable inter-individual variability in the magnitude of changes observed for all examined brain measures. The majority of individuals demonstrated decreases in total gray matter volume, cortex volume, mean cortical thickness, and white matter surface area in mid-adolescence, with more variability present during the transition into adolescence and the transition into early adulthood. While most individuals demonstrated increases in white matter volume in early adolescence, this shifted to a majority demonstrating stability starting in mid-to-late adolescence. We observed sex differences in these patterns, and also an association between the size of an individual’s brain structure and the overall rate of change for the structure. The present study provides new insight as to the amount of individual variance in changes in structural morphometrics from late childhood to early adulthood in order to obtain a more nuanced picture of brain development. The observed individual- and sex-differences in brain changes also highlight the importance of further studying individual variation in developmental patterns in healthy, at-risk, and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA; PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kimberly D Siegmund
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lia Ferschmann
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lara M Wierenga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke G N Bos
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA.
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32
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Song X, García-Saldivar P, Kindred N, Wang Y, Merchant H, Meguerditchian A, Yang Y, Stein EA, Bradberry CW, Ben Hamed S, Jedema HP, Poirier C. Strengths and challenges of longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118009. [PMID: 33794361 PMCID: PMC8270888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of primate brain structure and function. Here we describe its specific strengths, compared to both cross-sectional non-human primate neuroimaging and longitudinal human neuroimaging, but also its associated challenges. We elaborate on factors guiding the use of different analytical tools, subject-specific versus age-specific templates for analyses, and issues related to statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pamela García-Saldivar
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Nathan Kindred
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Yujiang Wang
- CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), Interdisciplinary Complex Systems Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Adrien Meguerditchian
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille/CNRS, Institut Language, Communication and the Brain 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Charles W Bradberry
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon - CNRS, France
| | - Hank P Jedema
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
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33
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Fernandez Cruz AL, Chen CM, Sanford R, Collins DL, Brouillette MJ, Mayo NE, Fellows LK. Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243670. [PMID: 34314416 PMCID: PMC8315526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used converging methods to examine the neural substrates of cognitive ability in middle-aged and older men with well-controlled HIV infection. METHODS Seventy-six HIV+ men on antiretroviral treatment completed an auditory oddball task and an inhibitory control (Simon) task while time-locked high-density EEG was acquired; 66 had usable EEG data from one or both tasks; structural MRI was available for 43. We investigated relationships between task-evoked EEG responses, cognitive ability and immunocompromise. We also explored the structural correlates of these EEG markers in the sub-sample with complete EEG and MRI data (N = 27). RESULTS EEG activity was associated with cognitive ability at later (P300) but not earlier stages of both tasks. Only the oddball task P300 was reliably associated with HIV severity (nadir CD4). Source localization confirmed that the tasks engaged partially distinct circuits. Thalamus volume correlated with oddball task P300 amplitude, while globus pallidus volume was related to the P300 in both tasks. INTERPRETATION This is the first study to use task-evoked EEG to identify neural correlates of individual differences in cognition in men living with well-controlled HIV infection, and to explore the structural basis of the EEG markers. We found that EEG responses evoked by the oddball task are more reliably related to cognitive performance than those evoked by the Simon task. We also provide preliminary evidence for a subcortical contribution to the effects of HIV infection severity on P300 amplitudes. These results suggest brain mechanisms and candidate biomarkers for individual differences in cognition in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Fernandez Cruz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chien-Ming Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan Sanford
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Louis Collins
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nancy E. Mayo
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lesley K. Fellows
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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34
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Phan TV, Sima D, Smeets D, Ghesquière P, Wouters J, Vandermosten M. Structural brain dynamics across reading development: A longitudinal MRI study from kindergarten to grade 5. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4497-4509. [PMID: 34197028 PMCID: PMC8410537 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary education is the incubator for learning academic skills that help children to become a literate, communicative, and independent person. Over this learning period, nonlinear and regional changes in the brain occur, but how these changes relate to academic performance, such as reading ability, is still unclear. In the current study, we analyzed longitudinal T1 MRI data of 41 children in order to investigate typical cortical development during the early reading stage (end of kindergarten-end of grade 2) and advanced reading stage (end of grade 2-middle of grade 5), and to detect putative deviant trajectories in children with dyslexia. The structural brain change was quantified with a reliable measure that directly calculates the local morphological differences between brain images of two time points, while considering the global head growth. When applying this measure to investigate typical cortical development, we observed that left temporal and temporoparietal regions belonging to the reading network exhibited an increase during the early reading stage and stabilized during the advanced reading stage. This suggests that the natural plasticity window for reading is within the first years of primary school, hence earlier than the typical period for reading intervention. Concerning neurotrajectories in children with dyslexia compared to typical readers, we observed no differences in gray matter development of the left reading network, but we found different neurotrajectories in right IFG opercularis (during the early reading stage) and in right isthmus cingulate (during the advanced reading stage), which could reflect compensatory neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Van Phan
- icometrix, Research and Development, Leuven, Belgium.,Experimental Oto-rhino-laryngology, Department Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diana Sima
- icometrix, Research and Development, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Smeets
- icometrix, Research and Development, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pol Ghesquière
- Parenting and Special Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wouters
- Experimental Oto-rhino-laryngology, Department Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Vandermosten
- Experimental Oto-rhino-laryngology, Department Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Ouyang J, Zhao Q, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A, Tapert SF, Adeli E, Pohl KM. Longitudinal Pooling & Consistency Regularization to Model Disease Progression From MRIs. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:2082-2092. [PMID: 33270567 PMCID: PMC8221531 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3042447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many neurological diseases are characterized by gradual deterioration of brain structure andfunction. Large longitudinal MRI datasets have revealed such deterioration, in part, by applying machine and deep learning to predict diagnosis. A popular approach is to apply Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to extract informative features from each visit of the longitudinal MRI and then use those features to classify each visit via Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Such modeling neglects the progressive nature of the disease, which may result in clinically implausible classifications across visits. To avoid this issue, we propose to combine features across visits by coupling feature extraction with a novel longitudinal pooling layer and enforce consistency of the classification across visits in line with disease progression. We evaluate the proposed method on the longitudinal structural MRIs from three neuroimaging datasets: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N=404), a dataset composed of 274 normal controls and 329 patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), and 255 youths from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). In allthree experiments our method is superior to other widely used approaches for longitudinal classification thus making a unique contribution towards more accurate tracking of the impact of conditions on the brain. The code is available at https://github.com/ouyangjiahong/longitudinal-pooling.
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36
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Eskildsen SF, Iranzo A, Stokholm MG, Stær K, Østergaard K, Serradell M, Otto M, Svendsen KB, Garrido A, Vilas D, Borghammer P, Santamaria J, Møller A, Gaig C, Brooks DJ, Tolosa E, Østergaard L, Pavese N. Impaired cerebral microcirculation in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder. Brain 2021; 144:1498-1508. [PMID: 33880533 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During the prodromal period of Parkinson's disease and other α-synucleinopathy-related parkinsonisms, neurodegeneration is thought to progressively affect deep brain nuclei, such as the locus coeruleus, caudal raphe nucleus, substantia nigra, and the forebrain nucleus basalis of Meynert. Besides their involvement in the regulation of mood, sleep, behaviour, and memory functions, these nuclei also innervate parenchymal arterioles and capillaries throughout the cortex, possibly to ensure that oxygen supplies are adjusted according to the needs of neural activity. The aim of this study was to examine whether patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder, a parasomnia considered to be a prodromal phenotype of α-synucleinopathies, reveal microvascular flow disturbances consistent with disrupted central blood flow control. We applied dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI to characterize the microscopic distribution of cerebral blood flow in the cortex of 20 polysomnographic-confirmed patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (17 males, age range: 54-77 years) and 25 healthy matched controls (25 males, age range: 58-76 years). Patients and controls were cognitively tested by Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini Mental State Examination. Results revealed profound hypoperfusion and microvascular flow disturbances throughout the cortex in patients compared to controls. In patients, the microvascular flow disturbances were seen in cortical areas associated with language comprehension, visual processing and recognition and were associated with impaired cognitive performance. We conclude that cortical blood flow abnormalities, possibly related to impaired neurogenic control, are present in patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder and associated with cognitive dysfunction. We hypothesize that pharmacological restoration of perivascular neurotransmitter levels could help maintain cognitive function in patients with this prodromal phenotype of parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alex Iranzo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Morten G Stokholm
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Stær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen Østergaard
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mónica Serradell
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marit Otto
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Alicia Garrido
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Vilas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joan Santamaria
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arne Møller
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carles Gaig
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, England, UK
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Neuroradiology Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, England, UK
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Nygaard MKE, Langeskov-Christensen M, Dalgas U, Eskildsen SF. Cortical diffusion kurtosis imaging and thalamic volume are associated with cognitive and walking performance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2021; 268:3861-3870. [PMID: 33829319 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), pronounced neurodegeneration manifests itself as cerebral gray matter (GM) atrophy, which is associated with cognitive and physical impairments. Microstructural changes in GM estimated by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) may reveal neurodegeneration that is undetectable by conventional structural MRI and thus serve as a more sensitive marker of disease progression. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to investigate the relationships between morphological and diffusional properties in cerebral GM and physical and cognitive performance in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. A secondary objective was to investigate the relationship between GM microstructure and white matter (WM) injury, estimated by the volume of WM lesions. METHODS Sixty-seven RRMS patients performed the brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests (BRB-N), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the six spot step test (SSST), and underwent MRI scans using structural and DKI protocols. GM volumetrics and DKI measurements were analyzed in the cortex and deep GM structures using a general linear model with demographics, physical- and cognitive performance as covariates. RESULTS Mean diffusivity (MD) in the cortex was associated with the SSST, 6MWT, information processing, global cognitive performance, and volume of WM lesions. In addition, thalamic volume was associated with SSST (r2 = 0.21, 6MWT (r2 = 0.18), information processing (r2 = 0.21), and WM lesion volume (r2 = 0.60). CONCLUSION Cortical diffusion and thalamic volume are associated with walking and cognitive performance in RRMS patients and are highly affected by the presence of WM lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel K E Nygaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 1A, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 1A, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Rabipour S, Rajagopal S, Pasvanis S, Rajah MN. Generalization of memory-related brain function in asymptomatic older women with a family history of late onset Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the PREVENT-AD Cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 104:42-56. [PMID: 33964608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects women compared to men. Episodic memory decline is one of the earliest and most pronounced deficits observed in AD. However, it remains unclear whether sex influences episodic memory-related brain function in cognitively intact older adults at risk of developing AD. Here we used task-based multivariate partial least squares analysis to examine sex differences in episodic memory-related brain activity and brain activity-behavior correlations in a matched sample of cognitively intact older women and men with a family history of AD from the PREVENT-AD cohort study in Montreal, Canada (Mage=63.03±3.78; Meducation=15.41±3.40). We observed sex differences in task-related brain activity and brain activity-behavior correlations during the encoding of object-location associative memories and object-only item memory, and the retrieval of object only item memories. Our findings suggest a generalization of episodic memory-related brain activation and performance in women compared to men. Follow up analyses should test for sex differences in the relationship between brain activity patterns and performance longitudinally, in association with risk factors for AD development. This article is part of the Virtual Special Issue titled COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL AGING. The full issue can be found on ScienceDirect at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neurobiology-of-aging/special-issue/105379XPWJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Rabipour
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Stamatoula Pasvanis
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Manera AL, Dadar M, Van Swieten JC, Borroni B, Sanchez-Valle R, Moreno F, Laforce R, Graff C, Synofzik M, Galimberti D, Rowe JB, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Finger E, Vandenberghe R, de Mendonca A, Tagliavini F, Santana I, Butler CR, Gerhard A, Danek A, Levin J, Otto M, Frisoni G, Ghidoni R, Sorbi S, Rohrer JD, Ducharme S, Collins DL. MRI data-driven algorithm for the diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:jnnp-2020-324106. [PMID: 33722819 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-324106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural brain imaging is paramount for the diagnosis of behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), but it has low sensitivity leading to erroneous or late diagnosis. METHODS A total of 515 subjects from two different bvFTD cohorts (training and independent validation cohorts) were used to perform voxel-wise morphometric analysis to identify regions with significant differences between bvFTD and controls. A random forest classifier was used to individually predict bvFTD from deformation-based morphometry differences in isolation and together with semantic fluency. Tenfold cross validation was used to assess the performance of the classifier within the training cohort. A second held-out cohort of genetically confirmed bvFTD cases was used for additional validation. RESULTS Average 10-fold cross-validation accuracy was 89% (82% sensitivity, 93% specificity) using only MRI and 94% (89% sensitivity, 98% specificity) with the addition of semantic fluency. In the separate validation cohort of definite bvFTD, accuracy was 88% (81% sensitivity, 92% specificity) with MRI and 91% (79% sensitivity, 96% specificity) with added semantic fluency scores. CONCLUSION Our results show that structural MRI and semantic fluency can accurately predict bvFTD at the individual subject level within a completely independent validation cohort coming from a different and independent database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Manera
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mahsa Dadar
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- LANE - Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - James Benedict Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Neurology and Neuropathology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alex Gerhard
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- LANE - Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Simon Ducharme
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Andrews DS, Lee JK, Harvey DJ, Waizbard-Bartov E, Solomon M, Rogers SJ, Nordahl CW, Amaral DG. A Longitudinal Study of White Matter Development in Relation to Changes in Autism Severity Across Early Childhood. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:424-432. [PMID: 33349451 PMCID: PMC7867569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that young autistic children have alterations in white matter structure that differ from older autistic individuals. However, it is unclear whether these differences result from atypical neurodevelopment or sampling differences between young and older cohorts. Furthermore, the relationship between altered white matter development and longitudinal changes in autism symptoms is unknown. METHODS Using longitudinal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging acquired over 2 to 3 time points between the ages of approximately 2.5 to 7.0 years in 125 autistic children and 69 typically developing control participants, we directly tested the hypothesis that autistic individuals have atypical white matter development across childhood. Additionally, we sought to determine whether changes in white matter diffusion parameters were associated with longitudinal changes in autism severity. RESULTS Autistic children were found to have slower development of fractional anisotropy in the cingulum bundle, superior longitudinal fasciculus, internal capsule, and splenium of the corpus callosum. Furthermore, in the sagittal stratum, autistic individuals who increased in autism severity over time had a slower developmental trajectory of fractional anisotropy compared with individuals whose autism decreased in severity. In the uncinate fasciculus, autistic individuals who decreased in autism symptom severity also had greater increases in fractional anisotropy with age. CONCLUSIONS These longitudinal findings indicate that previously reported differences in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measures between younger and older autism cohorts are attributable to an atypical developmental trajectory of white matter. Differences in white matter development between individuals whose autism severity increased, remained stable, or decreased suggest that these functional differences are associated with fiber development in the autistic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Sayre Andrews
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.
| | - Joshua K Lee
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Danielle Jenine Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Einat Waizbard-Bartov
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Marjorie Solomon
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Sally J Rogers
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Christine Wu Nordahl
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - David G Amaral
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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Infants with congenital heart defects have reduced brain volumes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4191. [PMID: 33603031 PMCID: PMC7892565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have increased risk of cognitive disabilities for reasons not fully understood. Previous studies have indicated signs of disrupted fetal brain growth from mid-gestation measured with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and infants with CHDs have decreased brain volumes at birth. We measured the total and regional brain volumes of infants with and without CHDs using MRI to investigate, if certain areas of the brain are at particular risk of disrupted growth. MRI brain volumetry analyses were performed on 20 infants; 10 with- (postmenstrual age 39–54 weeks, mean 44 weeks + 5 days) and 10 without CHDs (postmenstrual age 39–52 weeks, mean 43 weeks + 5 days). In six infants with- and eight infants without CHDs grey and white matter were also differentiated. Infants with CHDs had smaller brains (48 ml smaller; 95% CI, 6.1–90; p = 0.03), cerebrums (37.8 ml smaller; 95% CI, 0.8–74.8; p = 0.04), and cerebral grey matter (25.8 ml smaller; 95% CI, 3.5–48; p = 0.03) than infants without CHD. Brain volume differences observed within weeks after birth in children with CHDs confirm that the brain impact, which increase the risk of cognitive disabilities, may begin during pregnancy.
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Knickmeyer RC, Nguyen CT, Young JT, Haunton A, Kosorok MR, Gilmore JH, Styner M, Rothmond DA, Noble PL, Lenroot R, Weickert CS. Impact of gonadectomy on maturational changes in brain volume in adolescent macaques. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105068. [PMID: 33260081 PMCID: PMC8121100 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood characterized by significant changes in global and regional brain tissue volumes. It is also a period of increasing vulnerability to psychiatric illness. The relationship between these patterns and increased levels of circulating sex steroids during adolescence remains unclear. The objective of the current study was to determine whether gonadectomy, prior to puberty, alters adolescent brain development in male rhesus macaques. Ninety-six structural MRI scans were acquired from 12 male rhesus macaques (8 time points per animal over a two-year period). Six animals underwent gonadectomy and 6 animals underwent a sham operation at 29 months of age. Mixed-effects models were used to determine whether gonadectomy altered developmental trajectories of global and regional brain tissue volumes. We observed a significant effect of gonadectomy on the developmental trajectory of prefrontal gray matter (GM), with intact males showing peak volumes around 3.5 years of age with a subsequent decline. In contrast, prefrontal GM volumes continued to increase in gonadectomized males until the end of the study. We did not observe a significant effect of gonadectomy on prefrontal white matter or on any other global or regional brain tissue volumes, though we cannot rule out that effects might be detected in a larger sample. Results suggest that the prefrontal cortex is more vulnerable to gonadectomy than other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Knickmeyer
- Michigan State University, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Room 2114, Bio Engineering Facility, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box #7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA
| | - Crystal T. Nguyen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, Campus Box #7420, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7420, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Young
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box #7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA
| | - Anne Haunton
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, 1219 Broad St, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Michael R. Kosorok
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, Campus Box #7420, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7420, USA
| | - John H. Gilmore
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box #7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box #7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, Campus Box #3175, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3175, USA.
| | - Debora A. Rothmond
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Pamela L. Noble
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute for Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9663
| | - Rhoshel Lenroot
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Ando A, Parzer P, Kaess M, Schell S, Henze R, Delorme S, Stieltjes B, Resch F, Brunner R, Koenig J. Calendar age and puberty-related development of regional gray matter volume and white matter tracts during adolescence. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:927-937. [PMID: 33471191 PMCID: PMC7981330 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a critical time for brain development. Findings from previous studies have been inconsistent, failing to distinguish the influence of pubertal status and aging on brain maturation. The current study sought to address these inconsistencies, addressing the trajectories of pubertal development and aging by longitudinally tracking structural brain development during adolescence. Methods Two cohorts of healthy children were recruited (cohort 1: 9–10 years old; cohort 2: 12–13 years old at baseline). MRI data were acquired for gray matter volume and white matter tract measures. To determine whether age, pubertal status, both or their interaction best modelled longitudinal data, we compared four multi-level linear regression models to the null model (general brain growth indexed by total segmented volume) using Bayesian model selection. Results Data were collected at baseline (n = 116), 12 months (n = 97) and 24 months (n = 84) after baseline. Findings demonstrated that the development of most regional gray matter volume, and white matter tract measures, were best modelled by age. Interestingly, precentral and paracentral regions of the cortex, as well as the accumbens demonstrated significant preference for the pubertal status model. None of the white matter tract measures were better modelled by pubertal status. Limitations: The major limitation of this study is the two-cohort recruitment. Although this allowed a faster coverage of the age span, a complete per person trajectory over 6 years of development (9–15 years) could not be investigated. Conclusions Comparing the impact of age and pubertal status on regional gray matter volume and white matter tract measures, we found age to best predict longitudinal changes. Further longitudinal studies investigating the differential influence of puberty status and age on brain development in more diverse samples are needed to replicate the present results and address mechanisms underlying norm-variants in brain development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00429-020-02208-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ando
- Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Parzer
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Section for Translational Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Schell
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romy Henze
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Delorme
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bram Stieltjes
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz Resch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. .,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Andrews JL, Ahmed SP, Blakemore SJ. Navigating the Social Environment in Adolescence: The Role of Social Brain Development. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:109-118. [PMID: 33190844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Successful navigation of the social environment is dependent on a number of social cognitive processes, including mentalizing and resistance to peer influence. These processes continue to develop during adolescence, a time of significant social change, and are underpinned by regions of the social brain that continue to mature structurally and functionally into adulthood. In this review, we describe how mentalizing, peer influence, and emotion regulation capacities develop to aid the navigation of the social environment during adolescence. Heightened susceptibility to peer influence and hypersensitivity to social rejection in adolescence increase the likelihood of both risky and prosocial behavior in the presence of peers. Developmental differences in mentalizing and emotion regulation, and the corticosubcortical circuits that underpin these processes, might put adolescents at risk for developing mental health problems. We suggest how interventions aimed at improving prosocial behavior and emotion regulation abilities hold promise in reducing the risk of poor mental health as adolescents navigate the changes in their social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Andrews
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saz P Ahmed
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Riemenschneider M, Hvid LG, Ringgaard S, Nygaard MKE, Eskildsen SF, Petersen T, Stenager E, Dalgas U. Study protocol: randomised controlled trial evaluating exercise therapy as a supplemental treatment strategy in early multiple sclerosis: the Early Multiple Sclerosis Exercise Study (EMSES). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043699. [PMID: 33436475 PMCID: PMC7805354 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the relapsing remitting type of multiple sclerosis (MS) reducing relapses and neurodegeneration is crucial in halting the long-term impact of the disease. Medical disease-modifying treatments have proven effective, especially when introduced early in the disease course. However, patients still experience disease activity and disability progression, and therefore, supplemental early treatment strategies are warranted. Exercise appear to be one of the most promising supplemental treatment strategies, but a somewhat overlooked 'window of opportunity' exist early in the disease course. The objective of this study is to investigate exercise as a supplementary treatment strategy early in the disease course of MS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The presented Early Multiple Sclerosis Exercise Study is a 48-week (plus 1-year follow-up) national multicentre single-blinded parallel group randomised controlled trial comparing two groups receiving usual care plus supervised high-intense exercise or plus health education (active control). Additionally, data will be compared with a population-based control group receiving usual care only obtained from the Danish MS Registry. The primary outcomes are annual relapse rate and MRI derived global brain atrophy. The secondary outcomes are disability progression, physical and cognitive function, MS-related symptoms, and exploratory MRI outcomes. All analyses will be performed as intention to treat. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by The Central Denmark Region Committees on Health Research Ethics (1-10-72-388-17) and registered at the Danish Data Protection Agency (2016-051-000001 (706)). All study findings will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03322761.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel K E Nygaard
- Center of Functionnally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionnally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thor Petersen
- The Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Egon Stenager
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, MS-Clinic of Southern Jutland (Sønderborg, Esbjerg, Kolding), Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Platero C, Tobar MC. Predicting Alzheimer's conversion in mild cognitive impairment patients using longitudinal neuroimaging and clinical markers. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 15:1728-1738. [PMID: 33169305 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a high risk for conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Early diagnose of AD in MCI subjects could help to slow or halt the disease progression. Selecting a set of relevant markers from multimodal data to predict conversion from MCI to probable AD has become a challenging task. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of longitudinal predictive models with single- or multisource data for predicting MCI-to-AD conversion and identifying a very small subset of features that are highly predictive of conversion. We developed predictive models of MCI-to-AD progression that combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based markers (cortical thickness and volume of subcortical structures) with neuropsychological tests. These models were built with longitudinal data and validated using baseline values. By using a linear mixed effects approach, we modeled the longitudinal trajectories of the markers. A set of longitudinal features potentially discriminating between MCI subjects who convert to dementia and those who remain stable over a period of 3 years was obtained. Classifier were trained using the marginal longitudinal trajectory residues from the selected features. Our best models predicted conversion with 77% accuracy at baseline (AUC = 0.855, 84% sensitivity, 70% specificity). As more visits were available, longitudinal predictive models improved their predictions with 84% accuracy (AUC = 0.912, 83% sensitivity, 84% specificity). The proposed approach was developed, trained and evaluated using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset with a total of 2491 visits from 610 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Platero
- Health Science Technology Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Tobar
- Health Science Technology Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain
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Sharma MB, Jensen K, Amidi A, Eskildsen SF, Johansen J, Grau C. Late toxicity in the brain after radiotherapy for sinonasal cancer: Neurocognitive functioning, MRI of the brain and quality of life. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 25:52-60. [PMID: 33024844 PMCID: PMC7530204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with matched normative data, impaired cognitive function was substantial. Several correlations between radiation dose and cognitive impairment were present. Radiation-induced white matter hyperintensities were present in 2/27 participants. One participant displayed radiation-induced necrosis in the temporal lobe. The domains affecting quality of life the most were fatigue and quality of sleep.
Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate neurocognitive late effects, structural alterations and associations between cognitive impairment and radiation doses as well as cerebral tissue damage after radiotherapy for sinonasal cancer. Furthermore, the aim was to report quality of life (QoL) and self-reported cognitive capacity. Materials and methods Recurrence-free patients previously treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a curative intent were eligible for the study. Study examinations comprised comprehensive neurocognitive testing, MRI of the brain, and self-reported outcomes. Results A total of 27 patients were included. Median age was 67 years (range 47–83). The majority of test outcomes were below normative values in any degree, and 37% of the participants had clinically significant neurocognitive impairment when compared with normative data. Correlations between absorbed doses to specific substructures of the brain and neurocognitive outcomes were present for Wechsler’s Adult Intelligence Scale-digit span and Controlled Oral Word Association Test-S. Structural MRI revealed macroscopic abnormalities in three patients; infarction (n = 1), diffuse white matter intensities (n = 2) and necrosis (n = 1). In the analysis of atrophy of cerebral tissue, no correlations were present with neither radiation dose to cerebral substructures nor neurocognitive impairment. The global QoL of the cohort was 75. The most affected outcomes were ‘fatigue’, ‘insomnia’, and ‘drowsiness’. A total of 59% of participants reported significantly impaired quality of sleep. Self-reported cognitive function revealed that ‘memory’ was the most affected cognitive domain. For the domains of ‘memory’ and ‘language’, self-reported functioning was associated with objectively measured neurocognitive outcomes. Conclusion Cerebral toxicity after radiotherapy for sinonasal cancer was substantial. Clinically significant cognitive impairment was present in more than one third of the participants, and several dose–response associations were present. Furthermore, the presence of macroscopic radiation sequelae indicated considerable impact of radiotherapy on brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensen Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - K Jensen
- Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, B420, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - A Amidi
- Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 9, Build. 1351, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Build. 1A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløvs Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - C Grau
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensen Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, B420, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Adeli E, Zhao Q, Zahr NM, Goldstone A, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Deep learning identifies morphological determinants of sex differences in the pre-adolescent brain. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117293. [PMID: 32841716 PMCID: PMC7780846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of data-driven deep learning to identify sex differences in developing brain structures of pre-adolescents has heretofore not been accomplished. Here, the approach identifies sex differences by analyzing the minimally processed MRIs of the first 8144 participants (age 9 and 10 years) recruited by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The identified pattern accounted for confounding factors (i.e., head size, age, puberty development, socioeconomic status) and comprised cerebellar (corpus medullare, lobules III, IV/V, and VI) and subcortical (pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, insula, putamen) structures. While these have been individually linked to expressing sex differences, a novel discovery was that their grouping accurately predicted the sex in individual pre-adolescents. Another novelty was relating differences specific to the cerebellum to pubertal development. Finally, we found that reducing the pattern to a single score not only accurately predicted sex but also correlated with cognitive behavior linked to working memory. The predictive power of this score and the constellation of identified brain structures provide evidence for sex differences in pre-adolescent neurodevelopment and may augment understanding of sex-specific vulnerability or resilience to psychiatric disorders and presage sex-linked learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Dadar M, Fereshtehnejad SM, Zeighami Y, Dagher A, Postuma RB, Collins DL. White Matter Hyperintensities Mediate Impact of Dysautonomia on Cognition in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 7:639-647. [PMID: 32775509 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) present with a broad spectrum of nonmotor features including autonomic disorders. More severe autonomic dysfunction in PD is associated with increased cognitive deficits. The presence of cerebral small-vessel disease, measured by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, is also observed in patients with PD with faster cognitive decline. Objective To investigate whether baseline orthostatic hypotension and autonomic dysfunction in early-stage PD affect later cognitive decline via mediation through cerebral small-vessel disease. Methods De novo PD patients (N = 365) and age-matched controls (N = 174) with baseline T2-weighted/ fluid-attenuated inversion recovery scans were selected from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. WMHs were automatically segmented. Mediation analysis was used to assess whether WMH load mediates the effect of orthostatic hypotension and autonomic dysfunction (measured by Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic) on future cognitive decline (measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment) in an average of 4 years of follow-up. Results Mediation analysis supported the existence of a full mediation of WMHs on the effect of diastolic orthostatic hypotension in patients with PD and future cognitive decline (average causal mediation effect: ab = -0.032, 95% confidence interval = -0.064 to -0.01, P = 0.01). There was also a partial mediation for overall autonomic dysfunction (ab = -0.027, 95% confidence interval = -0.054 to 0.00, P = 0.02). Conclusions WMHs fully mediate the effect of diastolic orthostatic hypotension and partially mediate the effect of autonomic dysregulation on future cognitive decline in patients with PD. Our findings support the hypothesis that autonomic dysfunction in early clinical stages predisposes the brain to WMHs through dysregulation of the blood flow in the small vessels. This in turn increases the risk of future cognitive impairment in early PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dadar
- NeuroImaging and Surgical Tools Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- NeuroImaging and Surgical Tools Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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McCaskey U, von Aster M, O’Gorman R, Kucian K. Persistent Differences in Brain Structure in Developmental Dyscalculia: A Longitudinal Morphometry Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:272. [PMID: 32765241 PMCID: PMC7379856 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyscalculia (DD) is a learning disability affecting the acquisition of numerical-arithmetical skills. Affected people show persistent deficits in number processing, which are associated with aberrant brain activation and structure. Reduced gray matter has been reported in DD for the parietal cortex including the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), but also the frontal and occipito-temporal cortex. Furthermore, dyscalculics show white matter differences for instance in the inferior (ILF) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). However, the longitudinal development of these structural differences is unknown. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the developmental trajectory of gray and white matter in children with and without DD. In this longitudinal study, neuropsychological measures and T1-weighted structural images were collected twice with an interval of 4 years from 13 children with DD (8.2-10.4 years) and 10 typically developing (TD) children (8.0-10.4 years). Voxel-wise estimation of gray and white matter volumes was assessed using voxel-based morphometry for longitudinal data. The present findings reveal for the first time that DD children show persistently reduced gray and white matter volumes over development. Reduced gray matter was found in the bilateral inferior parietal lobes including the IPS, supramarginal gyri, left precuneus, cuneus, right superior occipital gyrus, bilateral inferior and middle temporal gyri, and insula. White matter volumes were reduced in the bilateral ILF and SLF, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), corticospinal tracts, and right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR). Behaviorally, children with DD performed significantly worse in various numerical tasks at baseline and follow-up, corroborating persistent deficits in number processing. The present results are in line with the literature showing that children with DD have reduced gray and white matter volumes in the numerical network. Our study further sheds light on the trajectory of brain development, revealing that these known structural differences in the long association fibers and the adjacent regions of the temporal- and frontoparietal cortex persist in dyscalculic children from childhood into adolescence. In conclusion, our results underscore that DD is a persistent learning disorder accompanied by deficits in number processing and reduced gray and white matter volumes in number related brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursina McCaskey
- Center for MR-Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael von Aster
- Center for MR-Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, German Red Cross Hospitals, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth O’Gorman
- Center for MR-Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Kucian
- Center for MR-Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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