1
|
Suresh Paul J, T AR, Raghavan S, Kesavadas C. Comparative analysis of quantitative susceptibility mapping in preclinical dementia detection. Eur J Radiol 2024; 178:111598. [PMID: 38996737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to explore the role of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) in the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). By examining QSM's ability to map brain iron deposition, we seek to highlight its potential as a diagnostic tool for preclinical dementia. METHODOLOGY QSM techniques involve the advanced processing of MRI phase images to reconstruct tissue susceptibility, employing methods such as spherical mean value filtering and Tikhonov regularization for accurate background field removal. This review discusses how these methodologies enable the precise quantification of iron and other elements within the brain. RESULTS QSM has demonstrated effectiveness in identifying early pathological changes in key brain regions, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and substantia nigra. These regions are significantly impacted in the early stages of AD and LBD. Studies reviewed indicate that QSM can detect subtle neurodegenerative changes, providing valuable insights into disease progression. However, challenges remain in standardizing QSM processing algorithms to ensure consistent results across different studies. CONCLUSION QSM emerges as a promising tool for early dementia detection, offering precise measurements of brain iron deposition and other critical biomarkers. The review underscores the importance of refining QSM methodologies and integrating them with other imaging modalities to improve early diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Future research should focus on standardizing QSM techniques and exploring their synergistic use with other neuroimaging methods to enhance its clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Suresh Paul
- Medical Image Computing and Signal Processing Laboratory, Digital University-Kerala (DUK), Trivandrum, India.
| | - Arun Raj T
- Medical Image Computing and Signal Processing Laboratory, Digital University-Kerala (DUK), Trivandrum, India.
| | | | - Chandrasekharan Kesavadas
- Imaging Science and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao J, Li Z, Zhou Z, Bao A, Wang Z, Wei H, He H. Distinct regional vulnerability to Aβ and iron accumulation in post mortem AD brains. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39175425 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The paramagnetic iron, diamagnetic amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and their interaction are crucial in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, complicating non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging for prodromal AD detection. METHODS We used a state-of-the-art sub-voxel quantitative susceptibility mapping method to simultaneously measure Aβ and iron levels in post mortem human brains, validated by histology. Further transcriptomic analysis using Allen Human Brain Atlas elucidated the underlying biological processes. RESULTS Regional increased paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility were observed in medial prefrontal, medial parietal, and para-hippocampal cortices associated with iron deposition (R = 0.836, p = 0.003) and Aβ accumulation (R = 0.853, p = 0.002) in AD brains. Higher levels of gene expression relating to cell cycle, post-translational protein modifications, and cellular response to stress were observed. DISCUSSION These findings provide quantitative insights into the variable vulnerability of cortical regions to higher levels of Aβ aggregation, iron overload, and subsequent neurodegeneration, indicating changes preceding clinical symptoms. HIGHLIGHTS The vulnerability of distinct brain regions to amyloid beta (Aβ) and iron accumulation varies. Histological validation was performed on stained sections of ex-vivo human brains. Regional variations in susceptibility were linked to gene expression profiles. Iron and Aβ levels in ex-vivo brains were simultaneously quantified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junye Yao
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aimin Bao
- National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian He
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu L, Zhao Z, Bao L. SIPAS: A comprehensive susceptibility imaging process and analysis studio. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120697. [PMID: 38908725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a rising MRI-based technology and quite a few QSM-related algorithms have been proposed to reconstruct maps of tissue susceptibility distribution from phase images. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive susceptibility imaging process and analysis studio (SIPAS) that can accomplish reliable QSM processing and offer a standardized evaluation system. Specifically, SIPAS integrates multiple methods for each step, enabling users to select algorithm combinations according to data conditions, and QSM maps could be evaluated by two aspects, including image quality indicators within all voxels and region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Through a sophisticated design of user-friendly interfaces, the results of each procedure are able to be exhibited in axial, coronal, and sagittal views in real-time, meanwhile ROIs can be displayed in 3D rendering visualization. The accuracy and compatibility of SIPAS are demonstrated by experiments on multiple in vivo human brain datasets acquired from 3T, 5T, and 7T MRI scanners of different manufacturers. We also validate the QSM maps obtained by various algorithm combinations in SIPAS, among which the combination of iRSHARP and SFCR achieves the best results on its evaluation system. SIPAS is a comprehensive, sophisticated, and reliable toolkit that may prompt the QSM application in scientific research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichu Qiu
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 36100, China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 36100, China
| | - Lijun Bao
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 36100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lan X, Ye Z, Du J, Liu L, Tian C, Huang L, Mo X. Cross-sectional study on the impact of cardiac and hepatic iron overload, as measured by MRI T2*, on the quality of life in children with severe beta-thalassemia major. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38817. [PMID: 38968493 PMCID: PMC11224881 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study to explore the correlation between cardiac and hepatic iron overload and its impact on the quality of life in children diagnosed with severe beta-thalassemia major (β-TM). A cohort of 55 pediatric patients with β-TM, diagnosed via genetic testing at the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from January 2015 to January 2022, was included in this study. The assessment of cardiac and hepatic iron overload was conducted using the magnetic resonance imaging T2* technique. The Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to assess the relationships between the cardiac and hepatic T2* values and between these T2* values and the total scores of PedsQL 4.0. Analysis showed no significant correlation between cardiac and hepatic T2* values. However, a significant relationship was observed between cardiac T2* values and PedsQL 4.0 total scores (r = 0.313, P < .05), indicating that cardiac, but not hepatic, iron overload is associated with the quality of life. This study highlights the absence of correlation between cardiac and hepatic iron overload levels and demonstrates a significant impact of cardiac iron overload on the quality of life in children with β-TM. These findings suggest the need for a focused approach to cardiac health in managing β-TM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lan
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhonglv Ye
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiayi Du
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Linming Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mo
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohammadi S, Ghaderi S, Fatehi F. Putamen iron quantification in diseases with neurodegeneration: a meta-analysis of the quantitative susceptibility mapping technique. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00895-6. [PMID: 38758278 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an MRI technique that accurately measures iron concentration in brain tissues. This meta-analysis synthesized evidence from 30 studies that used QSM to quantify the iron levels in the putamen. The PRISMA statement was adhered to when conducting the systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model, as well as subgroup analyses (disease type, geographic region, field strength, coil, disease type, age, and sex) and sensitivity analysis. A total of 1247 patients and 1035 controls were included in the study. Pooled results showed a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.41 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.64), with the strongest effect seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) at 1.01 (95% CI 0.50 to 1.52). Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) also showed increased putaminal iron at 0.37 (95% CI 0.177 to 0.58). No significant differences were observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). No significant differences were found between subgroups based on geographic region, field strength, coil, disease type, age, and sex. The studies revealed significant heterogeneity, with field strength as the primary source, while other factors, such as disease type, location, age, sex, and coil type, may have contributed. The sensitivity analysis showed that these factors did not have a significant influence on the overall results. In summary, this meta-analysis supports abnormalities in putaminal iron content across different diseases with neurodegeneration, especially AD and RRMS, as measured by QSM. This highlights the potential of QSM as an imaging biomarker to better understand disease mechanisms involving disturbances in brain iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mohammadi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Ghaderi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fatehi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Li Y, Wu M, Li Z. Electroacupuncture improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting oxidative stress related hippocampal neuronal ferroptosis. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148744. [PMID: 38163562 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture, recognized as a crucial non-pharmacological therapeutic approach, has demonstrated notable efficacy in enhancing cognitive function among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective properties of electroacupuncture in APP/PS1 mice with AD. METHODS A total of thirty APP/PS1 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: the Alzheimer's disease group (AD), the electroacupuncture treatment group (EA), and the ferroptosis inhibitor deferasirox treatment group (DFX). Additionally, ten C57BL/6 mice were included as a control group (Control). In the EA group, mice underwent flat needling at Baihui and Yintang, as well as point needling at Renzhong, once daily for 15 min each time. In the DFX group, mice received intraperitoneal injections of deferasirox at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day. Following the 28-day treatment period, behavioral evaluation, morphological observation of neurons, and detection of neuronal ferroptosis were conducted. RESULTS The electroacupuncture treatment demonstrated a significant improvement in spatial learning, memory ability, and neuronal damage in mice with AD. Analysis of neuronal ferroptosis markers indicated that electroacupuncture interventions reduced the elevated levels of malondialdehyde, iron, and ptgs2 expression, while also increasing superoxide dismutase activity, Ferroportin 1 and glutathione peroxidase 4 expression. Moreover, the regulatory impact of electroacupuncture on ferroptosis may be attributed to its ability to enhance the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that electroacupuncture could inhibit the neuronal ferroptosis by activating the antioxidant function in neurons through p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway, thereby improve the cognitive function of AD mice by the neuronal protection effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomas GE, Hannaway N, Zarkali A, Shmueli K, Weil RS. Longitudinal Associations of Magnetic Susceptibility with Clinical Severity in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2024; 39:546-559. [PMID: 38173297 PMCID: PMC11141787 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but there is wide variation in its timing. A critical gap in PD research is the lack of quantifiable markers of progression, and methods to identify early stages of dementia. Atrophy-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has limited sensitivity in detecting or tracking changes relating to PD dementia, but quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), sensitive to brain tissue iron, shows potential for these purposes. OBJECTIVE The objective of the paper is to study, for the first time, the longitudinal relationship between cognition and QSM in PD in detail. METHODS We present a longitudinal study of clinical severity in PD using QSM, including 59 PD patients (without dementia at study onset), and 22 controls over 3 years. RESULTS In PD, increased baseline susceptibility in the right temporal cortex, nucleus basalis of Meynert, and putamen was associated with greater cognitive severity after 3 years; and increased baseline susceptibility in basal ganglia, substantia nigra, red nucleus, insular cortex, and dentate nucleus was associated with greater motor severity after 3 years. Increased follow-up susceptibility in these regions was associated with increased follow-up cognitive and motor severity, with further involvement of hippocampus relating to cognitive severity. However, there were no consistent increases in susceptibility over 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that QSM may predict changes in cognitive severity many months prior to overt cognitive involvement in PD. However, we did not find robust longitudinal changes in QSM over the course of the study. Additional tissue metrics may be required together with QSM for it to monitor progression in clinical practice and therapeutic trials. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Hannaway
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | | | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rimona S. Weil
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Movement Disorders ConsortiumUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ficiarà E, Stura I, Vernone A, Silvagno F, Cavalli R, Guiot C. Iron Overload in Brain: Transport Mismatches, Microbleeding Events, and How Nanochelating Therapies May Counteract Their Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2337. [PMID: 38397013 PMCID: PMC10889007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron overload in many brain regions is a common feature of aging and most neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the causes, mechanisms, mathematical models, and possible therapies are summarized. Indeed, physiological and pathological conditions can be investigated using compartmental models mimicking iron trafficking across the blood-brain barrier and the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Brain exchange membranes located in the choroid plexus. In silico models can investigate the alteration of iron homeostasis and simulate iron concentration in the brain environment, as well as the effects of intracerebral iron chelation, determining potential doses and timing to recover the physiological state. Novel formulations of non-toxic nanovectors with chelating capacity are already tested in organotypic brain models and could be available to move from in silico to in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ficiarà
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Stura
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Annamaria Vernone
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy; (A.V.); (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bao L, Zhang H, Liao Z. A spatially adaptive regularization based three-dimensional reconstruction network for quantitative susceptibility mapping. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:045030. [PMID: 38286013 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad237f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a new imaging technique for non-invasive characterization of the composition and microstructure ofin vivotissues, and it can be reconstructed from local field measurements by solving an ill-posed inverse problem. Even for deep learning networks, it is not an easy task to establish an accurate quantitative mapping between two physical quantities of different units, i.e. field shift in Hz and susceptibility value in ppm for QSM.Approach. In this paper, we propose a spatially adaptive regularization based three-dimensional reconstruction network SAQSM. A spatially adaptive module is specially designed and a set of them at different resolutions are inserted into the network decoder, playing a role of cross-modality based regularization constraint. Therefore, the exact information of both field and magnitude data is exploited to adjust the scale and shift of feature maps, and thus any information loss or deviation occurred in previous layers could be effectively corrected. The network encoding has a dynamic perceptual initialization, which enables the network to overcome receptive field intervals and also strengthens its ability to detect features of various sizes.Main results. Experimental results on the brain data of healthy volunteers, clinical hemorrhage and simulated phantom with calcification demonstrate that SAQSM can achieve more accurate reconstruction with less susceptibility artifacts, while perform well on the stability and generalization even for severe lesion areas.Significance. This proposed framework may provide a valuable paradigm to quantitative mapping or multimodal reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Bao
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
- Zhangzhou Institute of Science and Technology, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Liao
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Merenstein JL, Zhao J, Overson DK, Truong TK, Johnson KG, Song AW, Madden DJ. Depth- and curvature-based quantitative susceptibility mapping analyses of cortical iron in Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad525. [PMID: 38185996 PMCID: PMC10839848 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with elevated iron in deep gray matter nuclei using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). However, only a few studies have examined cortical iron, using more macroscopic approaches that cannot assess layer-specific differences. Here, we conducted column-based QSM analyses to assess whether AD-related increases in cortical iron vary in relation to layer-specific differences in the type and density of neurons. We obtained global and regional measures of positive (iron) and negative (myelin, protein aggregation) susceptibility from 22 adults with AD and 22 demographically matched healthy controls. Depth-wise analyses indicated that global susceptibility increased from the pial surface to the gray/white matter boundary, with a larger slope for positive susceptibility in the left hemisphere for adults with AD than controls. Curvature-based analyses indicated larger global susceptibility for adults with AD versus controls; the right hemisphere versus left; and gyri versus sulci. Region-of-interest analyses identified similar depth- and curvature-specific group differences, especially for temporo-parietal regions. Finding that iron accumulates in a topographically heterogenous manner across the cortical mantle may help explain the profound cognitive deterioration that differentiates AD from the slowing of general motor processes in healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Merenstein
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Devon K Overson
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Trong-Kha Truong
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Kim G Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Allen W Song
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - David J Madden
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan MS, Furkan M, Shahwan M, Yadav DK, Anwar S, Khan RH, Shamsi A. Investigating molecular interactions between human transferrin and resveratrol through a unified experimental and computational approach: Role of natural compounds in Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1923-1935. [PMID: 37926707 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions to iron metabolism and iron homeostasis have emerged as significant contributors to the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human transferrin plays a key part in maintaining iron equilibrium throughout the body, highlighting its importance in AD. Many plant-derived compounds and dietary constituents show promise for preventing AD. Polyphenols that are abundant in fruits, vegetables, teas, coffee, and herbs possess neuroprotective attributes. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol present in various plant sources like grapes, berries, peanuts, and red wine that has garnered research interest due to its wide range of biological activities. Notably, resveratrol exhibits neuroprotective effects that may help prevent or treat AD through multiple mechanisms. In the present study, we employed a combination of molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamic simulations (MD) along with experimental approaches to unravel the intricate interactions between transferrin and resveratrol deciphering the binding mechanism. Through molecular docking analysis, it was determined that resveratrol occupies the iron binding pocket of transferrin. Furthermore, MD simulations provided a more profound insight into the stability and conformational dynamics of the complex suggesting that the binding of resveratrol introduced localized flexibility, while maintaining overall stability. The spectroscopic observations yielded clear evidence of substantial binding between resveratrol and transferrin, confirming the computational findings. The identified binding mechanism and conformational stability hold potential for advancing the development of innovative therapeutic approaches targeting AD through resveratrol, particularly concerning iron homeostasis. These insights serve as a platform for considering the natural compounds in the realm of AD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Furkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim HW, Lee S, Yang JH, Moon Y, Lee J, Moon WJ. Cortical Iron Accumulation as an Imaging Marker for Neurodegeneration in Clinical Cognitive Impairment Spectrum: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:1131-1141. [PMID: 37899522 PMCID: PMC10613848 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortical iron deposition has recently been shown to occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate how cortical gray matter iron, measured using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), differs in the clinical cognitive impairment spectrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study evaluated 73 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 66.7 ± 7.6 years; 52 females and 21 males) with normal cognition (NC), 158 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 48 patients with AD dementia. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging using a three-dimensional multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence on a 3-T scanner. We employed a deep neural network (QSMnet+) and used automatic segmentation software based on FreeSurfer v6.0 to extract anatomical labels and volumes of interest in the cortex. We used analysis of covariance to investigate the differences in susceptibility among the clinical diagnostic groups in each brain region. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to study the association between susceptibility values and cognitive scores including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). RESULTS Among the three groups, the frontal (P < 0.001), temporal (P = 0.004), parietal (P = 0.001), occipital (P < 0.001), and cingulate cortices (P < 0.001) showed a higher mean susceptibility in patients with MCI and AD than in NC subjects. In the combined MCI and AD group, the mean susceptibility in the cingulate cortex (β = -216.21, P = 0.019) and insular cortex (β = -276.65, P = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of MMSE scores after correcting for age, sex, education, regional volume, and APOE4 carrier status. CONCLUSION Iron deposition in the cortex, as measured by QSMnet+, was higher in patients with AD and MCI than in NC participants. Iron deposition in the cingulate and insular cortices may be an early imaging marker of cognitive impairment related neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Yang
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsil Moon
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Moon
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmed M, Chen J, Arani A, Senjem ML, Cogswell PM, Jack CR, Liu C. The diamagnetic component map from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) source separation reveals pathological alteration in Alzheimer's disease-driven neurodegeneration. Neuroimage 2023; 280:120357. [PMID: 37661080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and accurate imaging technique capable of tracking the disease progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) driven amnestic dementia would be beneficial. A currently available method for pathology detection in AD with high accuracy is Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, despite certain limitations such as low spatial resolution, off-targeting error, and radiation exposure. Non-invasive MRI scanning with quantitative magnetic susceptibility measurements can be used as a complementary tool. To date, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has widely been used in tracking deep gray matter iron accumulation in AD. The present work proposes that by compartmentalizing quantitative susceptibility into paramagnetic and diamagnetic components, more holistic information about AD pathogenesis can be acquired. Particularly, diamagnetic component susceptibility (DCS) can be a powerful indicator for tracking protein accumulation in the gray matter (GM), demyelination in the white matter (WM), and relevant changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the current work, voxel-wise group analysis of the WM and the CSF regions show significantly lower |DCS| (the absolute value of DCS) value for amnestic dementia patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, |DCS| and τ PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) were found to be associated in several GM regions typically affected by τ deposition in AD. Therefore, we propose that the separated diamagnetic susceptibility can be used to track pathological neurodegeneration in different tissue types and regions of the brain. With the initial evidence, we believe the usage of compartmentalized susceptibility demonstrates substantive potential as an MRI-based technique for tracking AD-driven neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maruf Ahmed
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jingjia Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arvin Arani
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Petrice M Cogswell
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baringer SL, Lukacher AS, Palsa K, Kim H, Lippmann ES, Spiegelman VS, Simpson IA, Connor JR. Amyloid-β exposed astrocytes induce iron transport from endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier by altering the ratio of apo- and holo-transferrin. J Neurochem 2023; 167:248-261. [PMID: 37667496 PMCID: PMC10592116 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive brain iron accumulation is observed early in the onset of Alzheimer's disease, notably prior to widespread proteinopathy. These findings suggest that increases in brain iron levels are due to a dysregulation of the iron transport mechanism at the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes release signals (apo- and holo-transferrin) that communicate brain iron needs to endothelial cells in order to modulate iron transport. Here we use iPSC-derived astrocytes and endothelial cells to investigate how early-disease levels of amyloid-β disrupt iron transport signals secreted by astrocytes to stimulate iron transport from endothelial cells. We demonstrate that conditioned media from astrocytes treated with amyloid-β stimulates iron transport from endothelial cells and induces changes in iron transport pathway proteins. The mechanism underlying this response begins with increased iron uptake and mitochondrial activity by the astrocytes, which in turn increases levels of apo-transferrin in the amyloid-β conditioned astrocyte media leading to increased iron transport from endothelial cells. These novel findings offer a potential explanation for the initiation of excessive iron accumulation in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. What's more, these data provide the first example of how the mechanism of iron transport regulation by apo- and holo-transferrin becomes misappropriated in disease that can lead to iron accumulation. The clinical benefit from understanding early dysregulation in brain iron transport in AD cannot be understated. If therapeutics can target this early process, they could possibly prevent the detrimental cascade that occurs with excessive iron accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Baringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Avraham S. Lukacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Kondaiah Palsa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, USA, 37235
| | - Ethan S. Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, USA, 37235
| | - Vladimir S. Spiegelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ian A. Simpson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaštelan S, Braš M, Pjevač N, Bakija I, Tomić Z, Pjevač Keleminić N, Gverović Antunica A. Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13429. [PMID: 37686235 PMCID: PMC10488148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that represents the most common type of dementia. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge that requires timely recognition and treatment. Currently, there is no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may slow down its progression. The discovery of AD biomarkers, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid molecules (amyloid-β and tau) has advanced our understanding of this disease and has been crucial for identifying early neuropathologic changes prior to clinical changes and cognitive decline. The close interrelationship between the eye and the brain suggests that tears could be an interesting source of biomarkers for AD; however, studies in this area are limited. The identification of biomarkers in tears will enable the development of cost-effective, non-invasive methods of screening, diagnosis and disease monitoring. In order to use tears as a standard method for early and non-invasive diagnosis of AD, future studies need to be conducted on a larger scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Braš
- Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Ethics and Communication Skills, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neda Pjevač
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bakija
- Department of Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatry Hospital “Sveti Ivan”, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zora Tomić
- Health Centre of the Croatian Department of Internal Affairs, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Pjevač Keleminić
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Centre Zagreb-Centar, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonela Gverović Antunica
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, University of Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schreiner OD, Schreiner TG. Iron chelators as a therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease-A mini-review. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1234958. [PMID: 37602277 PMCID: PMC10433644 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1234958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain a great challenge regarding the finding of effective treatment, one main reason being the incomplete understanding of their etiology. With many intensely debated hypotheses, a newer approach based on the impact of iron imbalance in sustaining neurodegeneration in the central nervous system becomes increasingly popular. Altered iron homeostasis leads to increased iron accumulation in specific brain areas, explaining the clinical picture of AD patients. Moreover, growing evidence sustains the significant impact of iron metabolism in relationship to other pathological processes encountered in the AD-affected brain, such as the amyloidogenic pathway, chronic inflammation, or oxidative stress. In this context, this mini-review aims to summarize the novel data from the continuously expanding literature on this topic in a didactic manner. Thus, in the first part, the authors briefly highlight the most relevant aspects related to iron absorption, transport, regulation, and elimination at the cerebral level, focusing on the role of the blood-brain barrier and the newer concept of ferroptosis. Subsequently, currently available iron chelation therapies are discussed, including an overview of the most relevant clinical trials on this topic. In the final part, based on the latest results from in vitro and in vivo studies, new research directions are suggested to enhance the development of effective antidementia therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Daniel Schreiner
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Medical Oncology Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Long H, Zhu W, Wei L, Zhao J. Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e298. [PMID: 37377861 PMCID: PMC10292684 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain iron homeostasis is maintained through the normal function of blood-brain barrier and iron regulation at the systemic and cellular levels, which is fundamental to normal brain function. Excess iron can catalyze the generation of free radicals through Fenton reactions due to its dual redox state, thus causing oxidative stress. Numerous evidence has indicated brain diseases, especially stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, are closely related to the mechanism of iron homeostasis imbalance in the brain. For one thing, brain diseases promote brain iron accumulation. For another, iron accumulation amplifies damage to the nervous system and exacerbates patients' outcomes. In addition, iron accumulation triggers ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent type of programmed cell death, which is closely related to neurodegeneration and has received wide attention in recent years. In this context, we outline the mechanism of a normal brain iron metabolism and focus on the current mechanism of the iron homeostasis imbalance in stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Meanwhile, we also discuss the mechanism of ferroptosis and simultaneously enumerate the newly discovered drugs for iron chelators and ferroptosis inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Long
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wangshu Zhu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Liming Wei
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jungong Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Afliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu JJ, Li C, Qian ZM, Liu Y. Brain iron deposition is positively correlated with cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a MRI susceptibility mapping study. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:601-607. [PMID: 37003892 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship of brain iron deposition with cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CHP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain iron deposition was detected using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and cognitive function by neuropsychological tests including the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), and verbal fluency tests in a total of 40 participants, 23 with CHP and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy participants without CHP (controls). RESULTS The neuropsychological tests revealed that cognitive impairment (p<0.05) and susceptibility values (p<0.05) of the bilateral hippocampus (HP) and substantia nigra (SN) in CHP patients were significantly higher than those of the controls. The susceptibility values of bilateral HP and left putamen correlated closely with the scores of neuropsychological tests in the CHP patients (p<0.05, r2>0.1). The susceptibility values in the left putamen and bilateral HP were significantly higher in CHP patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=8) than those of CHP patients without MCI (n=15; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicated that brain iron deposition in specific areas may be responsible for the cognitive impairment in CHP patients, and that QSM is a useful tool to determine brain iron, predicting cognitive impairment in CHP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-J Yu
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated (Xinqiao) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Z-M Qian
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, JS 226019, China.
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated (Xinqiao) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Si W, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang Y, Feng Y. Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1165446. [PMID: 37383103 PMCID: PMC10293650 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1165446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) quantifies the distribution of magnetic susceptibility and shows great potential in assessing tissue contents such as iron, myelin, and calcium in numerous brain diseases. The accuracy of QSM reconstruction was challenged by an ill-posed field-to-susceptibility inversion problem, which is related to the impaired information near the zero-frequency response of the dipole kernel. Recently, deep learning methods demonstrated great capability in improving the accuracy and efficiency of QSM reconstruction. However, the construction of neural networks in most deep learning-based QSM methods did not take the intrinsic nature of the dipole kernel into account. In this study, we propose a dipole kernel-adaptive multi-channel convolutional neural network (DIAM-CNN) method for the dipole inversion problem in QSM. DIAM-CNN first divided the original tissue field into high-fidelity and low-fidelity components by thresholding the dipole kernel in the frequency domain, and it then inputs the two components as additional channels into a multichannel 3D Unet. QSM maps from the calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling (COSMOS) were used as training labels and evaluation reference. DIAM-CNN was compared with two conventional model-based methods [morphology enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) and improved sparse linear equation and least squares (iLSQR) and one deep learning method (QSMnet)]. High-frequency error norm (HFEN), peak signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), and the structural similarity index (SSIM) were reported for quantitative comparisons. Experiments on healthy volunteers demonstrated that the DIAM-CNN results had superior image quality to those of the MEDI, iLSQR, or QSMnet results. Experiments on data with simulated hemorrhagic lesions demonstrated that DIAM-CNN produced fewer shadow artifacts around the bleeding lesion than the compared methods. This study demonstrates that the incorporation of dipole-related knowledge into the network construction has a potential to improve deep learning-based QSM reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Si
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Guo
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cogswell PM, Fan AP. Multimodal comparisons of QSM and PET in neurodegeneration and aging. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120068. [PMID: 37003447 PMCID: PMC10947478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been used to study susceptibility changes that may occur based on tissue composition and mineral deposition. Iron is a primary contributor to changes in magnetic susceptibility and of particular interest in applications of QSM to neurodegeneration and aging. Iron can contribute to neurodegeneration through inflammatory processes and via interaction with aggregation of disease-related proteins. To better understand the local susceptibility changes observed on QSM, its signal has been studied in association with other imaging metrics such as positron emission tomography (PET). The associations of QSM and PET may provide insight into the pathophysiology of disease processes, such as the role of iron in aging and neurodegeneration, and help to determine the diagnostic utility of QSM as an indirect indicator of disease processes typically evaluated with PET. In this review we discuss the proposed mechanisms and summarize prior studies of the associations of QSM and amyloid PET, tau PET, TSPO PET, FDG-PET, 15O-PET, and F-DOPA PET in evaluation of neurologic diseases with a focus on aging and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petrice M Cogswell
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Audrey P Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 1590 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang C, Li J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Tang Q, Lv X, Ruan M, Deng K. Investigation of brain iron levels in Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1168845. [PMID: 37284016 PMCID: PMC10239950 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1168845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed (i) to explore the diagnostic value of deep gray matter magnetic susceptibility in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China and (ii) to analyze its correlation with neuropsychiatric scales. Moreover, we conducted subgroup analysis based on the presence of the APOE-ε4 gene to improve the diagnosis of AD. Methods From the prospective studies of the China Aging and Neurodegenerative Initiative (CANDI), a total of 93 subjects who could undergo complete quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging and APOE-ε4 gene detection were selected. Differences in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) values between and within groups, including AD patients, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HCs), both APOE-ε4 carriers and non-carriers, were analyzed. Results In primary analysis, the magnetic susceptibility values of the bilateral caudate nucleus and right putamen in the AD group and of the right caudate nucleus in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the HCs group (P < 0.05). In APOE-ε4 non-carriers, there were significant differences in more regions between the AD, MCI, and HCs groups, such as the left putamen and the right globus pallidus (P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, the correlation between QSM values in some brain regions and neuropsychiatric scales was even stronger. Discussion Exploration of the correlation between deep gray matter iron levels and AD may provide insight into the pathogenesis of AD and facilitate early diagnosis in elderly Chinese. Further subgroup analysis based on the presence of the APOE-ε4 gene may further improve the diagnostic efficiency and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
- Fuyang Hospital of TCM, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | | | - Qiqiang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyue Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Kexue Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baringer SL, Lukacher AS, Palsa K, Kim H, Lippmann ES, Spiegelman VS, Simpson IA, Connor JR. Amyloid-β exposed astrocytes induce iron transport from endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier by altering the ratio of apo- and holo-transferrin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.15.540795. [PMID: 37292926 PMCID: PMC10245582 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.540795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive brain iron accumulation is observed in early in the onset of Alzheimer's disease, notably prior to widespread proteinopathy. These findings suggest that increases in brain iron levels are due to a dysregulation of the iron transport mechanism at the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes release signals (apo- and holo-transferrin) that communicate brain iron needs to endothelial cells in order to modulate iron transport. Here we use iPSC-derived astrocytes and endothelial cells to investigate how early-disease levels of amyloid-β disrupt iron transport signals secreted by astrocytes to stimulate iron transport from endothelial cells. We demonstrate that conditioned media from astrocytes treated with amyloid-β stimulates iron transport from endothelial cells and induces changes in iron transport pathway protein levels. The mechanism underlying this response begins with increased iron uptake and mitochondrial activity by the astrocytes which in turn increases levels of apo-transferrin in the amyloid-β conditioned astrocyte media leading to increased iron transport from endothelial cells. These novel findings offer a potential explanation for the initiation of excessive iron accumulation in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. What's more, these data provide the first example of how the mechanism of iron transport regulation by apo- and holo-transferrin becomes misappropriated in disease to detrimental ends. The clinical benefit from understanding early dysregulation in brain iron transport in AD cannot be understated. If therapeutics can target this early process, they could possibly prevent the detrimental cascade that occurs with excessive iron accumulation. Significance Statement Excessive brain iron accumulation is hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease that occurs early in the disease staging and before widespread proteinopathy deposition. This overabundance of brain iron has been implicated to contribute to disease progression, thus understandingthe mechanism of early iron accumulation has significant therapeutic potential to slow to halt disease progression. Here, we show that in response to low levels of amyloid-β exposure, astrocytes increase their mitochondrial activity and iron uptake, resulting in iron deficient conditions. Elevated levels of apo (iron free)-transferrin stimulate iron release from endothelial cells. These data are the first to propose a mechanism for the initiation of iron accumulation and the misappropriation of iron transport signaling leading to dysfunctional brain iron homeostasis and resultant disease pathology.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sacchi L, Contarino VE, Siggillino S, Carandini T, Fumagalli GG, Pietroboni AM, Arcaro M, Fenoglio C, Orunesu E, Castellani M, Casale S, Conte G, Liu C, Triulzi F, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Arighi A. Banks of the Superior Temporal Sulcus in Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230095. [PMID: 37182885 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain iron homeostasis is disrupted in neurodegeneration and areas of iron overload partially overlap with regions of amyloid and tau burden in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies demonstrated alterations in brain iron accumulation in AD using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). OBJECTIVE Here, we investigate brain alterations of QSM values in AD and non-AD patients as compared to healthy controls (HC) in the superior temporal sulcus and its banks (BANKSSTS), one of the top AD-affected regions. METHODS Thirty-four patients who underwent brain MRI including a multi-echo gradient-echo sequence were subdivided into AD (n = 19) and non-AD (n = 15) groups according to their clinical profile, CSF (Aβ 42/40) and/or amyloid-PET status. Ten HC were also included. QSM values were extracted from left and right BANKSSTS and compared among groups. Correlation and binomial regression analyses between QSM values and CSF-AD biomarkers were conducted. RESULTS QSM in left BANKSSTS was significantly different among groups (p = 0.003, H = 11.40), being higher in AD. QSM values in left BANKSSTS were correlated with Aβ 42 (rho -0.55, p = 0.005), Aβ 42/40 (rho -0.66, p < 0.001), pTau (rho 0.63, p < 0.001), tTau (rho 0.56, p = 0.005), tTau/Aβ 42 (rho 0.68, p < 0.001) and pTau/Aβ 42 (rho 0.71, p < 0.001). No correlations between QSM values and amyloid-PET SUVR in the left BANKSSTS were found. QSM values in left BANKSSTS showed good accuracy in discriminating AD (AUC = 0.80, CI95 % [0.66-0.93]). Higher QSM values were independent predictors of Aβ 42 (B = 0.63, p = 0.032), Aβ 42/40 (B = 0.81, p = 0.028), pTau (B = 0.96, p = 0.046), tTau (B = 0.55, p = 0.027), and tTau/Aβ 42 (B = 1.13, p = 0.042) positivity. CONCLUSION Our preliminary data support the potential role of increased QSM values in the left BANKSSTS as an auxiliary imaging biomarker in AD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sacchi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Elisa Contarino
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Siggillino
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Carandini
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Margherita Pietroboni
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Orunesu
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Castellani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Casale
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conte
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Z, Feng R, Liu Q, Feng J, Lao G, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang Y, Wei H. APART-QSM: an improved sub-voxel quantitative susceptibility mapping for susceptibility source separation using an iterative data fitting method. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120148. [PMID: 37127191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain tissue phase contrast in MRI sequences reflects the spatial distributions of multiple substances, such as iron, myelin, calcium, and proteins. These substances with paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibilities often colocalize in one voxel in brain regions. Both opposing susceptibilities play vital roles in brain development and neurodegenerative diseases. Conventional QSM methods only provide voxel-averaged susceptibility value and cannot disentangle intravoxel susceptibilities with opposite signs. Advanced susceptibility imaging methods have been recently developed to distinguish the contributions of opposing susceptibility sources for QSM. The basic concept of separating paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility proportions is to include the relaxation rate R2* with R2' in QSM. The magnitude decay kernel, describing the proportionality coefficient between R2' and susceptibility, is an essential reconstruction coefficient for QSM separation methods. In this study, we proposed a more comprehensive complex signal model that describes the relationship between 3D GRE signal and the contributions of paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility to the frequency shift and R2* relaxation. The algorithm is implemented as a constrained minimization problem in which the voxel-wise magnitude decay kernel and sub-voxel susceptibilities are determined alternately in each iteration until convergence. The calculated voxel-wise magnitude decay kernel could realistically model the relationship between the R2' relaxation and the volume susceptibility. Thus, the proposed method effectively prevents the errors of the magnitude decay kernel from propagating to the final susceptibility separation reconstruction. Phantom studies, ex vivo macaque brain experiments, and in vivo human brain imaging studies were conducted to evaluate the ability of the proposed method to distinguish paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility sources. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides state-of-the-art performances for quantifying brain iron and myelin compared to previous QSM separation methods. Our results show that the proposed method has the potential to simultaneously quantify whole brain iron and myelin during brain development and aging. The proposed model was also deployed with multiple-orientation complex GRE data input measurements, resulting in high-quality QSM separation maps with more faithful tissue delineation between brain structures compared to those reconstructed by single-orientation QSM separation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimin Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center Comprehensive Epilepsy Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyan Lao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Northall A, Doehler J, Weber M, Vielhaber S, Schreiber S, Kuehn E. Layer-specific vulnerability is a mechanism of topographic map aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 128:17-32. [PMID: 37141729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Topographic maps form a critical feature of cortical organization, yet are poorly described with respect to their microstructure in the living aging brain. We acquired quantitative structural and functional 7T-MRI data from younger and older adults to characterize layer-wise topographic maps of the primary motor cortex (M1). Using parcellation-inspired techniques, we show that quantitative T1 and Quantitative Susceptibility Maps values of the hand, face, and foot areas differ significantly, revealing microstructurally distinct cortical fields in M1. We show that these fields are distinct in older adults and that myelin borders between them do not degenerate. We further show that the output layer 5 of M1 shows a particular vulnerability to age-related increased iron, while layer 5 and the superficial layer show increased diamagnetic substance, likely reflecting calcifications. Taken together, we provide a novel 3D model of M1 microstructure, where body parts form distinct structural units, but layers show specific vulnerability toward increased iron and calcium in older adults. Our findings have implications for understanding sensorimotor organization and aging, in addition to topographic disease spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Northall
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
| | - Juliane Doehler
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Miriam Weber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Esther Kuehn
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Squitti R, Reale G, Tondolo V, Crescenti D, Bellini S, Moci M, Caliandro P, Padua L, Rongioletti M. Imbalance of Essential Metals in Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Possible Link with Disorders of Consciousness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076867. [PMID: 37047843 PMCID: PMC10095508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the complex cerebral networks underlying wakefulness and awareness is responsible for Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a common cause of DoC, and it is responsible for a multi-dimensional pathological cascade that affects the proper functioning of the brainstem and brain consciousness pathways. Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) have a role in the neurophysiology of both the ascending reticular activating system, a multi-neurotransmitter network located in the brainstem that is crucial for consciousness, and several brain regions. We aimed to summarize the role of these essential metals in TBI and its possible link with consciousness alterations. We found that TBI alters many neuronal molecular mechanisms involving essential metals, causing neurodegeneration, neural apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This final pattern resembles that described for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, we found that amantadine, zolpidem, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-the most used treatments for DoC recovery-seem to have an effect on essential metals-related pathways and that Zn might be a promising new therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of essential metals in the brain structures of consciousness and focuses on the mechanisms underlying their imbalance following TBI, suggesting their possible role in DoC. The scenario supports further studies aimed at getting a deeper insight into metals' role in DoC, in order to evaluate metal-based drugs, such as metal complexes and metal chelating agents, as potential therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Department of Laboratory Science, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Reale
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tondolo
- Digestive and Colorectal Surgery, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Crescenti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Moci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Caliandro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Science, Research and Development Division, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim SJW, Lupo JM, Chen Y, Pampaloni MH, VanBrocklin HF, Narvid J, Kim H, Seo Y. A feasibility study for quantitative assessment of cerebrovascular malformations using flutriciclamide ([18F]GE-180) PET/MRI. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1091463. [PMID: 37089589 PMCID: PMC10116613 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1091463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AimNeuroinflammation plays a key role in both the pathogenesis and the progression of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). Flutriciclamide ([18F]GE-180) is a translocator protein (TSPO) targeting positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, developed for imaging neuroinflammation. The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics of flutriciclamide uptake in different brain tissue regions in CCM patients compared to controls, and to evaluate flutriciclamide uptake and iron deposition within CCM lesions.Materials and methodsFive patients with CCM and six controls underwent a 60 or 90 min continuous PET/MRI scan following 315 ± 68.9 MBq flutriciclamide administration. Standardized uptake value (SUV) and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) were obtained using the striatum as a pseudo-reference. Quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) were used to define the location of the vascular malformation and calculate the amount of iron deposition in each lesion.ResultsIncreased flutriciclamide uptake was observed in all CCM lesions. The temporal pole demonstrated the highest radiotracer uptake; the paracentral lobule, cuneus and hippocampus exhibited moderate uptake; while the striatum had the lowest uptake, with average SUVs of 0.66, 0.55, 0.63, 0.55, and 0.33 for patient with CCM and 0.57, 0.50, 0.48, 0.42, and 0.32 for controls, respectively. Regional SUVr showed similar trends. The average SUV and QSM values in CCM lesions were 0.58 ± 0.23 g/ml and 0.30 ± 0.10 ppm. SUVs and QSM were positively correlated in CCM lesions (r = 0.53, p = 0.03).ConclusionThe distribution of flutriciclamide ([18F]GE-180) in the human brain and CCM lesions demonstrated the potential of this TSPO PET tracer as a marker of neuroinflammation that may be relevant for characterizing CCM disease progression along with QSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Ji Who Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sally Ji Who Kim,
| | - Janine M. Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yicheng Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Miguel H. Pampaloni
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jared Narvid
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Helen Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Uchida Y, Kan H, Sakurai K, Oishi K, Matsukawa N. Contributions of blood-brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1111448. [PMID: 36861122 PMCID: PMC9969807 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays important roles in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Its main role includes three kinds of functions: (1) to protect the central nervous system from blood-borne toxins and pathogens; (2) to regulate the exchange of substances between the brain parenchyma and capillaries; and (3) to clear metabolic waste and other neurotoxic compounds from the central nervous system into meningeal lymphatics and systemic circulation. Physiologically, the BBB belongs to the glymphatic system and the intramural periarterial drainage pathway, both of which are involved in clearing interstitial solutes such as β-amyloid proteins. Thus, the BBB is believed to contribute to preventing the onset and progression for Alzheimer's disease. Measurements of BBB function are essential toward a better understanding of Alzheimer's pathophysiology to establish novel imaging biomarkers and open new avenues of interventions for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The visualization techniques for capillary, cerebrospinal, and interstitial fluid dynamics around the neurovascular unit in living human brains have been enthusiastically developed. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent BBB imaging developments using advanced magnetic resonance imaging technologies in relation to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. First, we give an overview of the relationship between Alzheimer's pathophysiology and BBB dysfunction. Second, we provide a brief description about the principles of non-contrast agent-based and contrast agent-based BBB imaging methodologies. Third, we summarize previous studies that have reported the findings of each BBB imaging method in individuals with the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Fourth, we introduce a wide range of Alzheimer's pathophysiology in relation to BBB imaging technologies to advance our understanding of the fluid dynamics around the BBB in both clinical and preclinical settings. Finally, we discuss the challenges of BBB imaging techniques and suggest future directions toward clinically useful imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Uchida
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Yuto Uchida, ; Noriyuki Matsukawa,
| | - Hirohito Kan
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Sakurai
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan,*Correspondence: Yuto Uchida, ; Noriyuki Matsukawa,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shih NC, Kurniawan ND, Cabeen RP, Korobkova L, Wong E, Chui HC, Clark KA, Miller CA, Hawes D, Jones KT, Sepehrband F. Microstructural mapping of dentate gyrus pathology in Alzheimer's disease: A 16.4 Tesla MRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103318. [PMID: 36630864 PMCID: PMC9841366 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is an integral portion of the hippocampal formation, and it is composed of three layers. Quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has the capability to map brain tissue microstructural properties which can be exploited to investigate neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, assessing subtle pathological changes within layers requires high resolution imaging and histological validation. In this study, we utilized a 16.4 Tesla scanner to acquire ex vivo multi-parameter quantitative MRI measures in human specimens across the layers of the DG. Using quantitative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and multi-parameter MR measurements acquired from AD (N = 4) and cognitively normal control (N = 6) tissues, we performed correlation analyses with histological measurements. Here, we found that quantitative MRI measures were significantly correlated with neurofilament and phosphorylated Tau density, suggesting sensitivity to layer-specific changes in the DG of AD tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Chu Shih
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nyoman D Kurniawan
- Center for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Laura Korobkova
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089. USA
| | - Ellen Wong
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Neurology, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kristi A Clark
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Debra Hawes
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kymry T Jones
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Farshid Sepehrband
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dufrusine B, Valentinuzzi S, Bibbò S, Damiani V, Lanuti P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, D’Alessandro E, Rabottini A, Berghella A, Allocati N, Falasca K, Ucciferri C, Mucedola F, Di Perna M, Martino L, Vecchiet J, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 36613462 PMCID: PMC9819889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. After acute infection, some subjects develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome known as long-COVID. This study aims to recognize the molecular and functional mechanisms that occur in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients and identify useful biomarkers for the management of patients with COVID-19 and long-COVID. Here, we profiled the response to COVID-19 by performing a proteomic analysis of lymphocytes isolated from patients. We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism. Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandra Bibbò
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ersilia D’Alessandro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Rabottini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Katia Falasca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Mucedola
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Perna
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Martino
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Cognitive Decline: A Review of Technical Aspects and Applications. Cognit Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-022-10095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
32
|
Aaseth JO, Nurchi VM. Chelation Combination-A Strategy to Mitigate the Neurotoxicity of Manganese, Iron, and Copper? Biomolecules 2022; 12:1713. [PMID: 36421727 PMCID: PMC9687779 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The chelating thiol dimercaptosuccinate (DMSA) and the traditional agent D-penicillamine (PSH) are effective in enhancing the urinary excretion of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in poisoned individuals. However, DMSA, PSH, EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetate), and deferoxamine (DFOA) are water-soluble agents with limited access to the central nervous system (CNS). Strategies for mobilization of metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and Cu from brain deposits may require the combined use of two agents: one water-soluble agent to remove circulating metal into urine, in addition to an adjuvant shuttler to facilitate the brain-to-blood mobilization. The present review discusses the chemical basis of metal chelation and the ligand exchange of metal ions. To obtain increased excretion of Mn, Cu, and Fe, early experiences showed promising results for CaEDTA, PSH, and DFOA, respectively. Recent experiments have indicated that p-amino salicylate (PAS) plus CaEDTA may be a useful combination to remove Mn from binding sites in CNS, while the deferasirox-DFOA and the tetrathiomolybdate-DMSA combinations may be preferable to promote mobilization of Fe and Cu, respectively, from the CNS. Further research is requested to explore benefits of chelator combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan O. Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 104, N-2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Valeria M. Nurchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
New Histophatological Finding About Data Destroying Amyloid Black Holes in Hippocampus Following Olfactory Bulb Lesion Like as the Universe. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ans-123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many infinite theories have been suggested to explain memory loss in neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are clear data that iron-containing neurofibrillary networks can cause neuron death and erase the memory of neurons, just like black holes in space. Objectives: Ths study aimed to investigate the electromagnetic properties of iron-loaded neurofibrillary networks formed in the hippocampus as a result of damage to the olfactory nerves, just like black holes in space, as well as whether they cause neuron death and memory loss. Methods: All rats were tested with star maze performance before, 3 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. The data used in the study were obtained from the subjects in the experimental groups who had been followed up for 3 months with control (GI; n = 5), SHAM (GII; n = 5) with only frontal burr hole, and study (GIII; n = 15) animals with olfactory bulb lesion. All rats were tested with star maze performance before, 3 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. The olfactory bulbs and hippocampus of subjects were examined by stereological methods. Olfactory bulb volumes, degenerated neuron densities of the hippocampus, and numbers of hippocampal black holes were estimated quantitatively, and results were statistically analyzed by a 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The properties of black holes in the brains and the universe were compared theoretically. Results: The mean olfactory bulb volumes, degenerated neuron density, and black holes of the hippocampus were estimated as 4.43 ± 0.22 mm3, 42 ± 9 mm3, and 3 ± 1 mm3 in GI, 4.01 ± 0.19 mm3, 257 ± 78 mm3, and 11 ± 3 mm3 in GII, and 2.4 ± 0.8 mm3, 1675 ± 119 mm3, and 34 ± 7 mm3 in GIII. All animals were tested with star maze performance before, 3 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. Latency, distance, speed, and path efficiency values of all animals were detected. The more diminished olfactory bulb volume (P < 0.00001) causes more apoptotic neurons and black holes in the hippocampus (P < 0.0001) and more memory loss in olfactory bulb lesion (OBL)-applied animals (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Hippocampal black holes, which are similar to black holes in terms of their formation processes, may be responsible for neuronal losses and memory erasures in the brain by acting like black holes in space. These amyloid plaques, which cause neuron death and memory loss, will be called data-deleting amyloid black holes (DADA-Black Holes) in the paper.
Collapse
|
34
|
Iron Deposition in Brain: Does Aging Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710018. [PMID: 36077413 PMCID: PMC9456423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of iron homeostasis related to the aging process is responsible for increased iron levels, potentially leading to oxidative cellular damage. Iron is modulated in the Central Nervous System in a very sensitive manner and an abnormal accumulation of iron in the brain has been proposed as a biomarker of neurodegeneration. However, contrasting results have been presented regarding brain iron accumulation and the potential link with other factors during aging and neurodegeneration. Such uncertainties partly depend on the fact that different techniques can be used to estimate the distribution of iron in the brain, e.g., indirect (e.g., MRI) or direct (post-mortem estimation) approaches. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that the propensity of brain cells to accumulate excessive iron as a function of aging largely depends on their anatomical location. This review aims to collect the available data on the association between iron concentration in the brain and aging, shedding light on potential mechanisms that may be helpful in the detection of physiological neurodegeneration processes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu J, Peng S, Zhang Y, Pan B, Chen H, Hu X, Gong NJ. Developmental trajectory of magnetic susceptibility in the healthy rhesus macaque brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4750. [PMID: 35474524 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is used to quantify iron deposition in non-human primates in our study. Although QSM has many applications in detecting iron deposits in the human brain, including the distribution of iron deposits in specific brain regions, the change of iron deposition with aging, and the comparison of iron deposits between diseased groups and healthy controls, few studies have applied QSM to non-human primates, while most animal brain experiments focus on biochemical and anatomical results instead of non-invasive experiments. Additionally, brain imaging in children's research is difficult, but can be substituted using young rhesus monkeys, which are very similar to humans, as research animals. Therefore, understanding the relationship between iron deposition and age in rhesus macaques' brains can offer insights into both the developmental trajectory of magnetic susceptibility in the animal model and the correlated evidence in children's research. Twenty-three healthy rhesus macaque monkeys (23 ± 7.85 years, range 2-29 years) were included in this research. Seven regions of interest (ROIs-globus pallidus, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, red nucleus) have been analyzed in terms of QSM and R2 * (apparent relaxation rate). Susceptibility in most ROIs correlated significantly with the growth of age, similarly to the results for R2 *, but showed different trends in the thalamus and red nucleus, which may be caused by the different sensitivities of myelination and iron deposition in R2 * and QSM analysis. By assessing the correlation between iron content and age in healthy rhesus macaques' brains using QSM, we provide a piece of pilot information on normality for advanced animal disease models. Meanwhile, this study also could serve as the normative basis for further clinical studies using QSM for iron content quantification. Due to the comparison of the susceptibility on the same experimental objects, this research can also provide practical support for future research on characteristics for QSM and R2 *.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Siyue Peng
- RadioDynamic Healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Boyang Pan
- RadioDynamic Healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghua Chen
- RadioDynamic Healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintian Hu
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Jie Gong
- Vector Lab for Intelligent Medical Imaging and Neural Engineering, International Innovation Center of Tsinghua University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Uchida Y, Kan H, Sakurai K, Oishi K, Matsukawa N. Quantitative susceptibility mapping as an imaging biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease: The expectations and limitations. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:938092. [PMID: 35992906 PMCID: PMC9389285 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.938092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and a distressing diagnosis for individuals and caregivers. Researchers and clinical trials have mainly focused on β-amyloid plaques, which are hypothesized to be one of the most important factors for neurodegeneration in AD. Meanwhile, recent clinicopathological and radiological studies have shown closer associations of tau pathology rather than β-amyloid pathology with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s symptoms. Toward a biological definition of biomarker-based research framework for AD, the 2018 National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association working group has updated the ATN classification system for stratifying disease status in accordance with relevant pathological biomarker profiles, such as cerebral β-amyloid deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau, and neurodegeneration. In addition, altered iron metabolism has been considered to interact with abnormal proteins related to AD pathology thorough generating oxidative stress, as some prior histochemical and histopathological studies supported this iron-mediated pathomechanism. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has recently become more popular as a non-invasive magnetic resonance technique to quantify local tissue susceptibility with high spatial resolution, which is sensitive to the presence of iron. The association of cerebral susceptibility values with other pathological biomarkers for AD has been investigated using various QSM techniques; however, direct evidence of these associations remains elusive. In this review, we first briefly describe the principles of QSM. Second, we focus on a large variety of QSM applications, ranging from common applications, such as cerebral iron deposition, to more recent applications, such as the assessment of impaired myelination, quantification of venous oxygen saturation, and measurement of blood– brain barrier function in clinical settings for AD. Third, we mention the relationships among QSM, established biomarkers, and cognitive performance in AD. Finally, we discuss the role of QSM as an imaging biomarker as well as the expectations and limitations of clinically useful diagnostic and therapeutic implications for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Uchida
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuto Uchida,
| | - Hirohito Kan
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Sakurai
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Noriyuki Matsukawa,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Duan X, Xie Y, Zhu X, Chen L, Li F, Feng G, Li L. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Brain Iron Deposition in Patients With Recurrent Depression. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:668-675. [PMID: 36059056 PMCID: PMC9441458 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrence is the most significant feature of depression and the relationship between iron and recurrent depression is still lack of direct evidence in vivo. METHODS Twenty-one patients with depression and twenty control subjects were included. Gradient-recalled echo, T1 and T2 images were acquired using a 3.0T MRI system. After quantitative susceptibility mapping were reconstructed and standardized, a whole-brain and the regions of interest were respectively analyzed. RESULTS Significant increases in susceptibility were found in multiple recurrent depression patients, which involved several brain regions (frontal lobes, temporal lobe structures, occipital lobes hippocampal regions, putamen, thalamus, cingulum, and cerebellum). Interestingly, no susceptibility changes after treatment compared to pre-treatment (all p>0.05) and no significant correlation between susceptibility and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were found. Besides, it was close to significance that those with a higher relapse frequency or a longer mean duration of single episode had a higher susceptibility in the putamen, thalamus, and hippocampus. Further studies showed susceptibility across the putamen (ρ2=0.27, p<0.001), thalamus (ρ2=0.21, p<0.001), and hippocampus (ρ2=0.19, p<0.001) were strongly correlated with total course of disease onset. CONCLUSION Brain iron deposition is related to the total course of disease onset, but not the severity of depression, which suggest that brain iron deposition may be a sign of brain damage in multiple recurrent depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Duan
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yuhang Xie
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiufang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoquan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nikparast F, Ganji Z, Zare H. Early differentiation of neurodegenerative diseases using the novel QSM technique: what is the biomarker of each disorder? BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:48. [PMID: 35902793 PMCID: PMC9336059 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During neurodegenerative diseases, the brain undergoes morphological and pathological changes; Iron deposits are one of the causes of pathological changes in the brain. The Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique, a type of magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction, is one of the newest diagnostic methods for iron deposits to detect changes in magnetic susceptibility. Numerous research projects have been conducted in this field. The purpose of writing this review article is to identify the first deep brain nuclei that undergo magnetic susceptibility changes during neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this article is to identify the brain nuclei that are prone to iron deposition in any specific disorder. In addition to the mentioned purpose, this paper proposes the optimal scan parameters and appropriate algorithms of each QSM reconstruction step by reviewing the results of different articles. As a result, The QSM technique can identify nuclei exposed to iron deposition in various neurodegenerative diseases. Also, the selection of scan parameters is different based on the sequence and purpose; an example of the parameters is placed in the tables. The BET toolbox in FSL, Laplacian-based phase-unwrapping process, the V_SHARP algorithm, and morphology-enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) method are the most widely used algorithms in various stages of QSM reconstruction. In this article, A review of the results of articles on the use of QSM technique to identify nuclei exposed to iron deposition in various neurodegenerative diseases was performed. Brain nuclei with the highest changes in iron deposition were identified as a biomarker for the identification of specific neurological diseases By studying recent articles, The best toolbox for each step of the QSM processing algorithm was introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Nikparast
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ganji
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Zare
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang Y, Gao H, Zheng W, Xu H. Current understanding of the interactions between metal ions and Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105824. [PMID: 35878744 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia in the elderly, is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no effective disease-modifying treatments to date. Studies have shown that an imbalance in brain metal ions, such as zinc, copper, and iron, is closely related to the onset and progression of AD. Many efforts have been made to understand metal-related mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for AD. Emerging evidence suggests that interactions of brain metal ions and apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, may be one of the mechanisms for neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the key points regarding how metal ions and ApoE contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. We further describe the interactions between metal ions and ApoE in the brain and propose that their interactions play an important role in neuropathological alterations and cognitive decline in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ni R, Chen Z, Deán-Ben XL, Voigt FF, Kirschenbaum D, Shi G, Villois A, Zhou Q, Crimi A, Arosio P, Nitsch RM, Nilsson KPR, Aguzzi A, Helmchen F, Klohs J, Razansky D. Multiscale optical and optoacoustic imaging of amyloid-β deposits in mice. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:1031-1044. [PMID: 35835994 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brains of rodents can be analysed by invasive intravital microscopy on a submillimetre scale, or via whole-brain images from modalities lacking the resolution or molecular specificity to accurately characterize Aβ pathologies. Here we show that large-field multifocal illumination fluorescence microscopy and panoramic volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography can be combined to longitudinally assess Aβ deposits in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. We used fluorescent Aβ-targeted probes (the luminescent conjugated oligothiophene HS-169 and the oxazine-derivative AOI987) to transcranially detect Aβ deposits in the cortex of APP/PS1 and arcAβ mice with single-plaque resolution (8 μm) and across the whole brain (including the hippocampus and the thalamus, which are inaccessible by conventional intravital microscopy) at sub-150 μm resolutions. Two-photon microscopy, light-sheet microscopy and immunohistochemistry of brain-tissue sections confirmed the specificity and regional distributions of the deposits. High-resolution multiscale optical and optoacoustic imaging of Aβ deposits across the entire brain in rodents thus facilitates the in vivo study of Aβ accumulation by brain region and by animal age and strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian F Voigt
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gloria Shi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Villois
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Crimi
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsspital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsspital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gu X, Lai D, Liu S, Chen K, Zhang P, Chen B, Huang G, Cheng X, Lu C. Hub Genes, Diagnostic Model, and Predicted Drugs Related to Iron Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:949083. [PMID: 35875800 PMCID: PMC9300955 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.949083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, remains unclear in terms of its underlying causative genes and effective therapeutic approaches. Meanwhile, abnormalities in iron metabolism have been demonstrated in patients and mouse models with AD. Therefore, this study sought to find hub genes based on iron metabolism that can influence the diagnosis and treatment of AD. First, gene expression profiles were downloaded from the GEO database, including non-demented (ND) controls and AD samples. Fourteen iron metabolism-related gene sets were downloaded from the MSigDB database, yielding 520 iron metabolism-related genes. The final nine hub genes associated with iron metabolism and AD were obtained by differential analysis and WGCNA in brain tissue samples from GSE132903. GO analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in two major biological processes, autophagy and iron metabolism. Through stepwise regression and logistic regression analyses, we selected four of these genes to construct a diagnostic model of AD. The model was validated in blood samples from GSE63061 and GSE85426, and the AUC values showed that the model had a relatively good diagnostic performance. In addition, the immune cell infiltration of the samples and the correlation of different immune factors with these hub genes were further explored. The results suggested that these genes may also play an important role in immunity to AD. Finally, eight drugs targeting these nine hub genes were retrieved from the DrugBank database, some of which were shown to be useful for the treatment of AD or other concomitant conditions, such as insomnia and agitation. In conclusion, this model is expected to guide the diagnosis of patients with AD by detecting the expression of several genes in the blood. These hub genes may also assist in understanding the development and drug treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Xuefeng Gu
| | - Donglin Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaijie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Gang Huang
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Xiaoqin Cheng
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changlian Lu
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Long HZ, Zhou ZW, Cheng Y, Luo HY, Li FJ, Xu SG, Gao LC. The Role of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease From the Perspective of Immune Inflammation and Iron Metabolism. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:888989. [PMID: 35847685 PMCID: PMC9284275 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.888989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of senile dementia, includes the complex pathogenesis of abnormal deposition of amyloid beta-protein (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and neuroimmune inflammatory. The neurodegenerative process of AD triggers microglial activation, and the overactivation of microglia produces a large number of neuroimmune inflammatory factors. Microglia dysfunction can lead to disturbances in iron metabolism and enhance iron-induced neuronal degeneration in AD, while elevated iron levels in brain areas affect microglia phenotype and function. In this manuscript, we firstly discuss the role of microglia in AD and then introduce the role of microglia in the immune-inflammatory pathology of AD. Their role in AD iron homeostasis is emphasized. Recent studies on microglia and ferroptosis in AD are also reviewed. It will help readers better understand the role of microglia in iron metabolism in AD, and provides a basis for better regulation of iron metabolism disorders in AD and the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhi Long
- School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuo-Guo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Li-Chen Gao
- School of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Chen Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Whitmore CA, Haynes JR, Behof WJ, Rosenberg AJ, Tantawy MN, Hachey BC, Wadzinski BE, Spiller BW, Peterson TE, Paffenroth KC, Harrison FE, Beelman RB, Wijesinghe P, Matsubara JA, Pham W. Longitudinal Consumption of Ergothioneine Reduces Oxidative Stress and Amyloid Plaques and Restores Glucose Metabolism in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060742. [PMID: 35745661 PMCID: PMC9228400 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ergothioneine (ERGO) is a unique antioxidant and a rare amino acid available in fungi and various bacteria but not in higher plants or animals. Substantial research data indicate that ERGO is a physiological antioxidant cytoprotectant. Different from other antioxidants that need to breach the blood-brain barrier to enter the brain parenchyma, a specialized transporter called OCTN1 has been identified for transporting ERGO to the brain. Purpose: To assess whether consumption of ERGO can prevent the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on young (4-month-old) 5XFAD mice. Methods and materials: Three cohorts of mice were tested in this study, including ERGO-treated 5XFAD, non-treated 5XFAD, and WT mice. After the therapy, the animals went through various behavioral experiments to assess cognition. Then, mice were scanned with PET imaging to evaluate the biomarkers associated with AD using [11C]PIB, [11C]ERGO, and [18F]FDG radioligands. At the end of imaging, the animals went through cardiac perfusion, and the brains were isolated for immunohistology. Results: Young (4-month-old) 5XFAD mice did not show a cognitive deficit, and thus, we observed modest improvement in the treated counterparts. In contrast, the response to therapy was clearly detected at the molecular level. Treating 5XFAD mice with ERGO resulted in reduced amyloid plaques, oxidative stress, and rescued glucose metabolism. Conclusions: Consumption of high amounts of ERGO benefits the brain. ERGO has the potential to prevent AD. This work also demonstrates the power of imaging technology to assess response during therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton A. Whitmore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Justin R. Haynes
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - William J. Behof
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adam J. Rosenberg
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mohammed N. Tantawy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brian C. Hachey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Brian E. Wadzinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37233, USA; (B.E.W.); (B.W.S.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Benjamin W. Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37233, USA; (B.E.W.); (B.W.S.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Todd E. Peterson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Krista C. Paffenroth
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37233, USA; (B.E.W.); (B.W.S.); (K.C.P.)
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Fiona E. Harrison
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Robert B. Beelman
- Department of Food Science, Center for Plant and Mushroom Foods for Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Printha Wijesinghe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada; (P.W.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada; (P.W.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang C, Martins-Bach AB, Alfaro-Almagro F, Douaud G, Klein JC, Llera A, Fiscone C, Bowtell R, Elliott LT, Smith SM, Tendler BC, Miller KL. Phenotypic and genetic associations of quantitative magnetic susceptibility in UK Biobank brain imaging. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:818-831. [PMID: 35606419 PMCID: PMC9174052 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A key aim in epidemiological neuroscience is identification of markers to assess brain health and monitor therapeutic interventions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures tissue magnetic susceptibility and has been shown to detect pathological changes in tissue iron, myelin and calcification. We present an open resource of QSM-based imaging measures of multiple brain structures in 35,273 individuals from the UK Biobank prospective epidemiological study. We identify statistically significant associations of 251 phenotypes with magnetic susceptibility that include body iron, disease, diet and alcohol consumption. Genome-wide associations relate magnetic susceptibility to 76 replicating clusters of genetic variants with biological functions involving iron, calcium, myelin and extracellular matrix. These patterns of associations include relationships that are unique to QSM, in particular being complementary to T2* signal decay time measures. These new imaging phenotypes are being integrated into the core UK Biobank measures provided to researchers worldwide, creating the potential to discover new, non-invasive markers of brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Aurea B Martins-Bach
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes C Klein
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alberto Llera
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Fiscone
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lloyd T Elliott
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin C Tendler
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bruno F, Malvaso A, Canterini S, Bruni AC. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:726. [PMID: 35740133 PMCID: PMC9220182 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most frequent type of dementia in elderly people. There are two major forms of the disease: sporadic (SAD)-whose causes are not completely understood-and familial (FAD)-with clear autosomal dominant inheritance. The two main hallmarks of AD are extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and intracellular deposits of the hyperphosphorylated form of the tau protein (P-tau). An ever-growing body of research supports the infectious hypothesis of sporadic forms of AD. Indeed, it has been documented that some pathogens, such as herpesviruses and certain bacterial species, are commonly present in AD patients, prompting recent clinical research to focus on the characterization of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in this pathology. The literature also demonstrates that Aβ can be considered itself as an AMP; thus, representing a type of innate immune defense peptide that protects the host against a variety of pathogens. Beyond Aβ, other proteins with antimicrobial activity, such as lactoferrin, defensins, cystatins, thymosin β4, LL37, histatin 1, and statherin have been shown to be involved in AD. Here, we summarized and discussed these findings and explored the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of AMPs in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy;
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University La Sapienza, 00158 Rome, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cerebral Iron Deposition in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050714. [PMID: 35625641 PMCID: PMC9138489 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cerebral iron regulation appears to have a role in aging and in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Possible unfavorable impacts of iron accumulation include reactive oxygen species generation, induction of ferroptosis, and acceleration of inflammatory changes. Whole-brain iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques allow the examination of macroscopic patterns of brain iron deposits in vivo, while modern analytical methods ex vivo enable the determination of metal-specific content inside individual cell-types, sometimes also within specific cellular compartments. The present review summarizes the whole brain, cellular, and subcellular patterns of iron accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases of genetic and sporadic origin. We also provide an update on mechanisms, biomarkers, and effects of brain iron accumulation in these disorders, focusing on recent publications. In Parkinson’s disease, Friedreich’s disease, and several disorders within the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation group, there is a focal siderosis, typically in regions with the most pronounced neuropathological changes. The second group of disorders including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shows iron accumulation in the globus pallidus, caudate, and putamen, and in specific cortical regions. Yet, other disorders such as aceruloplasminemia, neuroferritinopathy, or Wilson disease manifest with diffuse iron accumulation in the deep gray matter in a pattern comparable to or even more extensive than that observed during normal aging. On the microscopic level, brain iron deposits are present mostly in dystrophic microglia variably accompanied by iron-laden macrophages and in astrocytes, implicating a role of inflammatory changes and blood–brain barrier disturbance in iron accumulation. Options and potential benefits of iron reducing strategies in neurodegeneration are discussed. Future research investigating whether genetic predispositions play a role in brain Fe accumulation is necessary. If confirmed, the prevention of further brain Fe uptake in individuals at risk may be key for preventing neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
47
|
Jang J, Kang J, Nam Y. [Brain Iron Imaging in Aging and Cognitive Disorders: MRI Approaches]. TAEHAN YONGSANG UIHAKHOE CHI 2022; 83:527-537. [PMID: 36238502 PMCID: PMC9514519 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron has a vital role in the human body, including the central nervous system. Increased deposition of iron in the brain has been reported in aging and important neurodegenerative diseases. Owing to the unique magnetic resonance properties of iron, MRI has great potential for in vivo assessment of iron deposition, distribution, and non-invasive quantification. In this paper, we will review the MRI methods for iron assessment and their changes in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we will summarize the limitations of current approaches and introduce new areas and MRI methods for iron imaging that are expected in the future.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang Z, Cho J, Wang L, Liao C, Shin HG, Cao X, Lee J, Xu J, Zhang T, Ye H, Setsompop K, Liu H, Bilgic B. Blip up-down acquisition for spin- and gradient-echo imaging (BUDA-SAGE) with self-supervised denoising enables efficient T 2 , T 2 *, para- and dia-magnetic susceptibility mapping. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:633-650. [PMID: 35436357 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To rapidly obtain high resolution T2 , T2 *, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) source separation maps with whole-brain coverage and high geometric fidelity. METHODS We propose Blip Up-Down Acquisition for Spin And Gradient Echo imaging (BUDA-SAGE), an efficient EPI sequence for quantitative mapping. The acquisition includes multiple T2 *-, T2 '-, and T2 -weighted contrasts. We alternate the phase-encoding polarities across the interleaved shots in this multi-shot navigator-free acquisition. A field map estimated from interim reconstructions was incorporated into the joint multi-shot EPI reconstruction with a structured low rank constraint to eliminate distortion. A self-supervised neural network (NN), MR-Self2Self (MR-S2S), was used to perform denoising to boost SNR. Using Slider encoding allowed us to reach 1 mm isotropic resolution by performing super-resolution reconstruction on volumes acquired with 2 mm slice thickness. Quantitative T2 (=1/R2 ) and T2 * (=1/R2 *) maps were obtained using Bloch dictionary matching on the reconstructed echoes. QSM was estimated using nonlinear dipole inversion on the gradient echoes. Starting from the estimated R2 /R2 * maps, R2 ' information was derived and used in source separation QSM reconstruction, which provided additional para- and dia-magnetic susceptibility maps. RESULTS In vivo results demonstrate the ability of BUDA-SAGE to provide whole-brain, distortion-free, high-resolution, multi-contrast images and quantitative T2 /T2 * maps, as well as yielding para- and dia-magnetic susceptibility maps. Estimated quantitative maps showed comparable values to conventional mapping methods in phantom and in vivo measurements. CONCLUSION BUDA-SAGE acquisition with self-supervised denoising and Slider encoding enables rapid, distortion-free, whole-brain T2 /T2 * mapping at 1 mm isotropic resolution under 90 s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jaejin Cho
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Long Wang
- Subtle Medical Inc, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Congyu Liao
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyeong-Geol Shin
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaozhi Cao
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jongho Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Subtle Medical Inc, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nikparast F, Ganji Z, Danesh Doust M, Faraji R, Zare H. Brain pathological changes during neurodegenerative diseases and their identification methods: How does QSM perform in detecting this process? Insights Imaging 2022; 13:74. [PMID: 35416533 PMCID: PMC9008086 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of iron is essential for many biological processes in the body. But sometimes, for various reasons, the amount of iron deposition in different areas of the brain increases, which leads to problems related to the nervous system. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is one of the newest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based methods for assessing iron accumulation in target areas. This Narrative Review article aims to evaluate the performance of QSM compared to other methods of assessing iron deposition in the clinical field. Based on the results, we introduced related basic definitions, some neurodegenerative diseases, methods of examining iron deposition in these diseases, and their advantages and disadvantages. This article states that the QSM method can be introduced as a new, reliable, and non-invasive technique for clinical evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Nikparast
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ganji
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Danesh Doust
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Faraji
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Zare
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tang S, Zhang G, Liu X, Chen Z, He L. Application of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in the Assessment of Iron Content in Brain Regions in Normal Children. Curr Med Imaging 2022; 18:952-961. [PMID: 35339185 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220325090655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated brain iron content in a healthy pediatric population using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS From June 2018 to December 2019, healthy subjects aged 2-18 years old (200 males, 200 females) with no anatomical abnormalities were assessed. All of the children underwent 3D T1 anatomical MRIs in addition to the sequence scans of enhanced T2 star-weighted angiography (ESWAN). The ESWAN sequence images were obtained with software to attain quantitative susceptibility mapping of the entire brain. The magnetic susceptibility values in the same brain region were compared across different age groups. The magnetic susceptibility values expressed in the same age group were compared across sexes, brain sides, and brain regions. RESULTS The magnetic susceptibility value of each brain region increased with age, and the magnetic susceptibility value expressed by each brain region demonstrated a positive correlation with the children's age (r=0.63, P<0.05). No dramatic difference in magnetic susceptibility was observed between the brain's left side and right side in the children within the age range ≥2-<6; however, among the children within the age range ≥6-<18, the magnetic susceptibility values expressed by the left putamen nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra were higher than those expressed by the same regions on the right side (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Quantitative susceptibility mapping can be used to evaluate the content of iron in each brain region of normal children. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study protocol was registered at the Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR2000030656).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Tang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders
| | | | | | - Zhuo Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics
| | - Ling He
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders
| |
Collapse
|