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Wang H, Feng N, Liu C, Xie Y, Zhou Z, Zhao H, Xiao G, Yang D. Inhibition of CSPG-PTPσ Activates Autophagy Flux and Lysosome Fusion, Aids Axon and Synaptic Reorganization in Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04304-3. [PMID: 38900368 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and proteoglycan receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) play a critical role in the pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI). CSPGs can be induced by autophagy inhibition in astrocyte. However, CSPG's impact on autophagy and its role in SCI is still unknown. We investigate intracellular sigma peptide (ISP) targeting PTPσ, its effects on autophagy, and synaptic reorganization in SCI. We found that ISP increased the level of autophagosome marker LC3B-II/I and decreased autophagosome degradation marker p62 in SCI, suggesting activated autophagy flux. ISP restored autophagosome-lysosome fusion-related protein syntaxin 17 (STX17) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), indicating activated autophagosome-lysosome fusion. ISP increased pre-synaptic marker synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) expression and improved excitatory synapse marker vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) and SYN in SCI, suggesting improved synaptic reorganization. ISP promoted axon marker neurofilament and growth-related GAP-43 expression in SCI. ISP rescued a preserved number of motor neurons and improved neurobehavioral recovery after SCI. Our study extended the CSPG-PTPσ inhibition role in activating autophagy flux, axon and synaptic reorganization, and functional recovery in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Structure and Function in Sports System, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Naibo Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Structure and Function in Sports System, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chungeng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Structure and Function in Sports System, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yongheng Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Structure and Function in Sports System, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zipeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Haosen Zhao
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Structure and Function in Sports System, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Szíber Z, Drouet A, Mondin M, Levet F, Thoumine O. Neuroligin-1 dependent phosphotyrosine signaling in excitatory synapse differentiation. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1359067. [PMID: 38813439 PMCID: PMC11133670 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1359067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The synaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-1 (NLGN1) is involved in the differentiation of excitatory synapses, but the precise underlying molecular mechanisms are still debated. Here, we explored the role of NLGN1 tyrosine phosphorylation in this process, focusing on a subset of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), namely FGFR1 and Trks, that were previously described to phosphorylate NLGN1 at a unique intracellular residue (Y782). Methods We used pharmacological inhibitors and genetic manipulation of those RTKs in dissociated hippocampal neurons, followed by biochemical measurement of NLGN1 phosphorylation and immunocytochemical staining of excitatory synaptic scaffolds. Results This study shows that: (i) the accumulation of PSD-95 at de novo NLGN1 clusters induced by neurexin crosslinking is reduced by FGFR and Trk inhibitors; (ii) the increase in PSD-95 puncta caused by NLGN1 over-expression is impaired by FGFR and Trk inhibitors; (iii) TrkB activation by BDNF increases NLGN1 phosphorylation; and (iv) TrkB knock-down impairs the increase of PSD-95 puncta caused by NLGN1 over-expression, an effect which is not seen with the NLGN1 Y782A mutant. Discussion Together, our data identify TrkB as one of the major RTKs responsible for NLGN1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and reveal that TrkB activity is necessary for the synaptogenic effects of NLGN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Szíber
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adèle Drouet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Magali Mondin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420, US 4, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florian Levet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420, US 4, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
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Verpoort B, de Wit J. Cell Adhesion Molecule Signaling at the Synapse: Beyond the Scaffold. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041501. [PMID: 38316556 PMCID: PMC11065171 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Synapses are specialized intercellular junctions connecting pre- and postsynaptic neurons into functional neural circuits. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) constitute key players in synapse development that engage in homo- or heterophilic interactions across the synaptic cleft. Decades of research have identified numerous synaptic CAMs, mapped their trans-synaptic interactions, and determined their role in orchestrating synaptic connectivity. However, surprisingly little is known about the molecular mechanisms that translate trans-synaptic adhesion into the assembly of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Here, we provide an overview of the intracellular signaling pathways that are engaged by synaptic CAMs and highlight outstanding issues to be addressed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Verpoort
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Tan JW, An JJ, Deane H, Xu H, Liao GY, Xu B. Neurotrophin-3 from the dentate gyrus supports postsynaptic sites of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses and hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1192-1204. [PMID: 38212372 PMCID: PMC11176039 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
At the center of the hippocampal tri-synaptic loop are synapses formed between mossy fiber (MF) terminals from granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) and proximal dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons. However, the molecular mechanism regulating the development and function of these synapses is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that neurotrophin-3 (NT3) was expressed in nearly all mature granule cells but not CA3 cells. We selectively deleted the NT3-encoding Ntf3 gene in the DG during the first two postnatal weeks to generate a Ntf3 conditional knockout (Ntf3-cKO). Ntf3-cKO mice of both sexes had normal hippocampal cytoarchitecture but displayed impairments in contextual memory, spatial reference memory, and nest building. Furthermore, male Ntf3-cKO mice exhibited anxiety-like behaviors, whereas female Ntf3-cKO showed some mild depressive symptoms. As MF-CA3 synapses are essential for encoding of contextual memory, we examined synaptic transmission at these synapses using ex vivo electrophysiological recordings. We found that Ntf3-cKO mice had impaired basal synaptic transmission due to deficits in excitatory postsynaptic currents mediated by AMPA receptors but normal presynaptic function and intrinsic excitability of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Consistent with this selective postsynaptic deficit, Ntf3-cKO mice had fewer and smaller thorny excrescences on proximal apical dendrites of CA3 neurons and lower GluR1 levels in the stratum lucidum area where MF-CA3 synapses reside but normal MF terminals, compared with control mice. Thus, our study indicates that NT3 expressed in the dentate gyrus is crucial for the postsynaptic structure and function of MF-CA3 synapses and hippocampal-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Juan Ji An
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Hannah Deane
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Haifei Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Guey-Ying Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Baoji Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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Marcó de la Cruz B, Campos J, Molinaro A, Xie X, Jin G, Wei Z, Acuna C, Sterky FH. Liprin-α proteins are master regulators of human presynapse assembly. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:629-642. [PMID: 38472649 PMCID: PMC11001580 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The formation of mammalian synapses entails the precise alignment of presynaptic release sites with postsynaptic receptors but how nascent cell-cell contacts translate into assembly of presynaptic specializations remains unclear. Guided by pioneering work in invertebrates, we hypothesized that in mammalian synapses, liprin-α proteins directly link trans-synaptic initial contacts to downstream steps. Here we show that, in human neurons lacking all four liprin-α isoforms, nascent synaptic contacts are formed but recruitment of active zone components and accumulation of synaptic vesicles is blocked, resulting in 'empty' boutons and loss of synaptic transmission. Interactions with presynaptic cell adhesion molecules of either the LAR-RPTP family or neurexins via CASK are required to localize liprin-α to nascent synaptic sites. Liprin-α subsequently recruits presynaptic components via a direct interaction with ELKS proteins. Thus, assembly of human presynaptic terminals is governed by a hierarchical sequence of events in which the recruitment of liprin-α proteins by presynaptic cell adhesion molecules is a critical initial step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Marcó de la Cruz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joaquín Campos
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Foundation, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Molinaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xingqiao Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaowei Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Claudio Acuna
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Foundation, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fredrik H Sterky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Chofflet N, Naito Y, Pastore AJ, Padmanabhan N, Nguyen PT, Poitras C, Feller B, Yi N, Van Prooijen J, Khaled H, Coulombe B, Clapcote SJ, Bourgault S, Siddiqui TJ, Rudenko G, Takahashi H. Structural and functional characterization of the IgSF21-neurexin2α complex and its related signaling pathways in the regulation of inhibitory synapse organization. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1371145. [PMID: 38571813 PMCID: PMC10989685 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1371145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevailing model behind synapse development and specificity is that a multitude of adhesion molecules engage in transsynaptic interactions to induce pre- and postsynaptic assembly. How these extracellular interactions translate into intracellular signal transduction for synaptic assembly remains unclear. Here, we focus on a synapse organizing complex formed by immunoglobulin superfamily member 21 (IgSF21) and neurexin2α (Nrxn2α) that regulates GABAergic synapse development in the mouse brain. We reveal that the interaction between presynaptic Nrxn2α and postsynaptic IgSF21 is a high-affinity receptor-ligand interaction and identify a binding interface in the IgSF21-Nrxn2α complex. Despite being expressed in both dendritic and somatic regions, IgSF21 preferentially regulates dendritic GABAergic presynaptic differentiation whereas another canonical Nrxn ligand, neuroligin2 (Nlgn2), primarily regulates perisomatic presynaptic differentiation. To explore mechanisms that could underlie this compartment specificity, we targeted multiple signaling pathways pharmacologically while monitoring the synaptogenic activity of IgSF21 and Nlgn2. Interestingly, both IgSF21 and Nlgn2 require c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated signaling, whereas Nlgn2, but not IgSF21, additionally requires CaMKII and Src kinase activity. JNK inhibition diminished de novo presynaptic differentiation without affecting the maintenance of formed synapses. We further found that Nrxn2α knockout brains exhibit altered synaptic JNK activity in a sex-specific fashion, suggesting functional linkage between Nrxns and JNK. Thus, our study elucidates the structural and functional relationship of IgSF21 with Nrxn2α and distinct signaling pathways for IgSF21-Nrxn2α and Nlgn2-Nrxn synaptic organizing complexes in vitro. We therefore propose a revised hypothesis that Nrxns act as molecular hubs to specify synaptic properties not only through their multiple extracellular ligands but also through distinct intracellular signaling pathways of these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chofflet
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yusuke Naito
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anthony John Pastore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nirmala Padmanabhan
- PrairieNeuro Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Phuong Trang Nguyen
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Poitras
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Feller
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nayoung Yi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeremie Van Prooijen
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Husam Khaled
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Coulombe
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven J. Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tabrez J. Siddiqui
- PrairieNeuro Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gabby Rudenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Yang L, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang X, Wang S, Li K, Wei M, Zhang C. Establishment of transgenic fluorescent mice for labeling synapses and screening synaptogenic adhesion molecules. eLife 2024; 13:e81884. [PMID: 38450720 PMCID: PMC10948142 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapse is the fundamental structure for neurons to transmit information between cells. The proper synapse formation is crucial for developing neural circuits and cognitive functions of the brain. The aberrant synapse formation has been proved to cause many neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are thought to play a major role in achieving mechanistic cell-cell recognition and initiating synapse formation via trans-synaptic interactions. Due to the diversity of synapses in different brain areas, circuits and neurons, although many synaptic CAMs, such as Neurexins (NRXNs), Neuroligins (NLGNs), Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (SynCAMs), Leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins (LRRTMs), and SLIT and NTRK-like protein (SLITRKs) have been identified as synaptogenic molecules, how these molecules determine specific synapse formation and whether other molecules driving synapse formation remain undiscovered are unclear. Here, to provide a tool for synapse labeling and synaptic CAMs screening by artificial synapse formation (ASF) assay, we generated synaptotagmin-1-tdTomato (Syt1-tdTomato) transgenic mice by inserting the tdTomato-fused synaptotagmin-1 coding sequence into the genome of C57BL/6J mice. In the brain of Syt1-tdTomato transgenic mice, the tdTomato-fused synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1-tdTomato) signals were widely observed in different areas and overlapped with synapsin-1, a widely-used synaptic marker. In the olfactory bulb, the SYT1-tdTomato signals are highly enriched in the glomerulus. In the cultured hippocampal neurons, the SYT1-tdTomato signals showed colocalization with several synaptic markers. Compared to the wild-type (WT) mouse neurons, cultured hippocampal neurons from Syt1-tdTomato transgenic mice presented normal synaptic neurotransmission. In ASF assays, neurons from Syt1-tdTomato transgenic mice could form synaptic connections with HEK293T cells expressing NLGN2, LRRTM2, and SLITRK2 without immunostaining. Therefore, our work suggested that the Syt1-tdTomato transgenic mice with the ability to label synapses by tdTomato, and it will be a convenient tool for screening synaptogenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanning Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ke Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mengping Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
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8
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Wang R, Li T, Diao S, Chen C. Inhibition of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes functional recovery on a rodent model of preterm hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114564. [PMID: 37806512 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm white matter injury (WMI) is the most common brain injury in preterm infants and is associated with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) was discovered as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) receptor that played roles in inhibiting myelin regeneration in spinal injury, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and stroke models. However, the role of PTPσ in perinatal WMI is not well understood. AIMS This study examines the effect of PTPσ inhibition on neurodevelopmental outcomes, myelination, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of preterm WMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modified Rice-Vannucci model was performed on postnatal day 3 (P3) C57BL/6 mice. Intracellular Sigma Peptide (ISP) or vehicle was administrated subcutaneously one hour after injury for an additional 14 consecutive days. A battery of behavioral tests was performed to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of ISP on neurobehavioral deficit. Real time qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to assess white matter development. qPCR and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype. RESULTS The expression of PTPσ was increased after preterm WMI. ISP improved short-term neurological outcomes and ameliorated long-term motor and cognitive function of mice after preterm WMI. ISP promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation, maturation, myelination, and improved microstructure of myelin after preterm WMI. Furthermore, ISP administration fostered a beneficial inflammatory response in the acute phase after preterm WMI, inhibited the infiltration of peripheral macrophages, and promoted anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia/macrophages. CONCLUSION PTPσ inhibition can ameliorate neurofunctional deficit, promote white matter development, modulate neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype after preterm WMI. Thus, ISP administration may be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes of perinatal WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Sihao Diao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, China.
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Young RL, Price SM, Schumer M, Wang S, Cummings ME. Individual variation in preference behavior in sailfin fish refines the neurotranscriptomic pathway for mate preference. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10323. [PMID: 37492456 PMCID: PMC10363800 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interactions can drive distinct gene expression profiles which may vary by social context. Here we use female sailfin molly fish (Poecilia latipinna) to identify genomic profiles associated with preference behavior in distinct social contexts: male interactions (mate choice) versus female interactions (shoaling partner preference). We measured the behavior of 15 females interacting in a non-contact environment with either two males or two females for 30 min followed by whole-brain transcriptomic profiling by RNA sequencing. We profiled females that exhibited high levels of social affiliation and great variation in preference behavior to identify an order of magnitude more differentially expressed genes associated with behavioral variation than by differences in social context. Using a linear model (limma), we took advantage of the individual variation in preference behavior to identify unique gene sets that exhibited distinct correlational patterns of expression with preference behavior in each social context. By combining limma and weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) approaches we identified a refined set of 401 genes robustly associated with mate preference that is independent of shoaling partner preference or general social affiliation. While our refined gene set confirmed neural plasticity pathways involvement in moderating female preference behavior, we also identified a significant proportion of discovered that our preference-associated genes were enriched for 'immune system' gene ontology categories. We hypothesize that the association between mate preference and transcriptomic immune function is driven by the less well-known role of these genes in neural plasticity which is likely involved in higher-order learning and processing during mate choice decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Young
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of TexasAustinTexasUSA
| | - Sarah M. Price
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of TexasAustinTexasUSA
| | - Molly Schumer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Silu Wang
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of TexasAustinTexasUSA
- Present address:
Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Lu H, Zuo L, Roddick KM, Zhang P, Oku S, Garden J, Ge Y, Bellefontaine M, Delhaye M, Brown RE, Craig AM. Alternative splicing and heparan sulfation converge on neurexin-1 to control glutamatergic transmission and autism-related behaviors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112714. [PMID: 37384525 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurexin synaptic organizing proteins are central to a genetic risk pathway in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurexins also exemplify molecular diversity in the brain, with over a thousand alternatively spliced forms and further structural heterogeneity contributed by heparan sulfate glycan modification. Yet, interactions between these modes of post-transcriptional and post-translational modification have not been studied. We reveal that these regulatory modes converge on neurexin-1 splice site 5 (S5): the S5 insert increases the number of heparan sulfate chains. This is associated with reduced neurexin-1 protein level and reduced glutamatergic neurotransmitter release. Exclusion of neurexin-1 S5 in mice boosts neurotransmission without altering the AMPA/NMDA ratio and shifts communication and repetitive behavior away from phenotypes associated with autism spectrum disorders. Thus, neurexin-1 S5 acts as a synaptic rheostat to impact behavior through the intersection of RNA processing and glycobiology. These findings position NRXN1 S5 as a potential therapeutic target to restore function in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Long Zuo
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kyle M Roddick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Oku
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jessica Garden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yuan Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Michael Bellefontaine
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mathias Delhaye
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
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11
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Feller B, Fallon A, Luo W, Nguyen PT, Shlaifer I, Lee AK, Chofflet N, Yi N, Khaled H, Karkout S, Bourgault S, Durcan TM, Takahashi H. α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils Bind to β-Neurexins and Impair β-Neurexin-Mediated Presynaptic Organization. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071083. [PMID: 37048156 PMCID: PMC10093570 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies form a group of neurodegenerative diseases defined by the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Abnormal accumulation and spreading of α-syn aggregates lead to synapse dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Yet, little is known about the synaptic mechanisms underlying the α-syn pathology. Here we identified β-isoforms of neurexins (β-NRXs) as presynaptic organizing proteins that interact with α-syn preformed fibrils (α-syn PFFs), toxic α-syn aggregates, but not α-syn monomers. Our cell surface protein binding assays and surface plasmon resonance assays reveal that α-syn PFFs bind directly to β-NRXs through their N-terminal histidine-rich domain (HRD) at the nanomolar range (KD: ~500 nM monomer equivalent). Furthermore, our artificial synapse formation assays show that α-syn PFFs diminish excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic organization induced by a specific isoform of neuroligin 1 that binds only β-NRXs, but not α-isoforms of neurexins. Thus, our data suggest that α-syn PFFs interact with β-NRXs to inhibit β-NRX-mediated presynaptic organization, providing novel molecular insight into how α-syn PFFs induce synaptic pathology in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Feller
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Aurélie Fallon
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Wen Luo
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Phuong Trang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Irina Shlaifer
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alfred Kihoon Lee
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chofflet
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Nayoung Yi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Husam Khaled
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Samer Karkout
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Durcan
- The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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12
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Lee AK, Yi N, Khaled H, Feller B, Takahashi H. SorCS1 inhibits amyloid-β binding to neurexin and rescues amyloid-β-induced synaptic pathology. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201681. [PMID: 36697254 PMCID: PMC9880023 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), toxic peptide aggregates found in Alzheimer's disease, cause synapse pathology. AβOs interact with neurexins (NRXs), key synaptic organizers, and this interaction dampens normal trafficking and function of NRXs. Axonal trafficking of NRX is in part regulated by its interaction with SorCS1, a protein sorting receptor, but the impact of SorCS1 regulation of NRXs in Aβ pathology was previously unstudied. Here, we show competition between the SorCS1 ectodomain and AβOs for β-NRX binding and rescue effects of the SorCS1b isoform on AβO-induced synaptic pathology. Like AβOs, the SorCS1 ectodomain binds to NRX1β through the histidine-rich domain of NRX1β, and the SorCS1 ectodomain and AβOs compete for NRX1β binding. In cultured hippocampal neurons, SorCS1b colocalizes with NRX1β on the axon surface, and axonal expression of SorCS1b rescues AβO-induced impairment of NRX-mediated presynaptic organization and presynaptic vesicle recycling and AβO-induced structural defects in excitatory synapses. Thus, our data suggest a role for SorCS1 in the rescue of AβO-induced NRX dysfunction and synaptic pathology, providing the basis for a novel potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Kihoon Lee
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nayoung Yi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Husam Khaled
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benjamin Feller
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Lee H, Chofflet N, Liu J, Fan S, Lu Z, Resua Rojas M, Penndorf P, Bailey AO, Russell WK, Machius M, Ren G, Takahashi H, Rudenko G. Designer molecules of the synaptic organizer MDGA1 reveal 3D conformational control of biological function. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104586. [PMID: 36889589 PMCID: PMC10131064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MDGAs (MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors) are synaptic cell surface molecules that regulate the formation of trans-synaptic bridges between neurexins (NRXNs) and neuroligins (NLGNs), which promote synaptic development. Mutations in MDGAs are implicated in various neuropsychiatric diseases. MDGAs bind NLGNs in cis on the postsynaptic membrane and physically block NLGNs from binding to NRXNs. In crystal structures, the six immunoglobulin (Ig) and single fibronectin III domains of MDGA1 reveal a striking compact, triangular shape, both alone and in complex with NLGNs. Whether this unusual domain arrangement is required for biological function or other arrangements occur with different functional outcomes is unknown. Here, we show that WT MDGA1 can adopt both compact and extended 3D conformations that bind NLGN2. Designer mutants targeting strategic molecular elbows in MDGA1 alter the distribution of 3D conformations while leaving the binding affinity between soluble ectodomains of MDGA1 and NLGN2 intact. In contrast, in a cellular context, these mutants result in unique combinations of functional consequences, including altered binding to NLGN2, decreased capacity to conceal NLGN2 from NRXN1β, and/or suppressed NLGN2-mediated inhibitory presynaptic differentiation, despite the mutations being located far from the MDGA1-NLGN2 interaction site. Thus, the 3D conformation of the entire MDGA1 ectodomain appears critical for its function, and its NLGN-binding site on Ig1-Ig2 is not independent of the rest of the molecule. As a result, global 3D conformational changes to the MDGA1 ectodomain via strategic elbows may form a molecular mechanism to regulate MDGA1 action within the synaptic cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Lee
- Deptartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Chofflet
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianfang Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shanghua Fan
- Deptartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhuoyang Lu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martin Resua Rojas
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Penndorf
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aaron O Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mischa Machius
- Deptartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gang Ren
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Gabby Rudenko
- Deptartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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14
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Zou H, Wang JY, Ma GM, Xu MM, Luo F, Zhang L, Wang WY. The function of FUS in neurodevelopment revealed by the brain and spinal cord organoids. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103771. [PMID: 36064132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise control of proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors is crucial for the development of the central nervous system. Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is an RNA-binding protein pathogenetically linked to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) disease, yet the function of FUS on neurodevelopment is remained to be defined. Here we report a pivotal role of FUS in regulating the human cortical brain and spinal cord development via the human iPSCs-derived organoids. We found that depletion of FUS via CRISPR/CAS9 leads to an enhancement of neural proliferation and differentiation in cortical brain-organoids, but intriguingly an impairment of these phenotypes in spinal cord-organoids. In addition, FUS binds to the mRNA of a Trk tyrosine kinase receptor of neurotrophin-3 (Ntrk3) and regulates the expression of the different isoforms of Ntrk3 in a tissue-specific manner. Finally, alleviated Ntrk3 level via shRNA rescued the effects of FUS-knockout on the development of the brain- and spinal cord-organoids, suggesting that Ntrk3 is involved in FUS-regulated organoids developmental changes. Our findings uncovered the role of FUS in the neurodevelopment of the human CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Ying Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guo-Ming Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei-Mei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Obstetrics Department, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hua-Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Animal Center of Zoology, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming medical University, Kunming, China.
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15
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Neurexin-β Mediates the Synaptogenic Activity of Amyloid Precursor Protein. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8936-8947. [PMID: 36261284 PMCID: PMC9732828 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0511-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid precursor protein (APP) has physiological roles in synapse development and function. APP induces presynaptic differentiation when presented to axons, but the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that APP binds neurexin to mediate this synaptogenic activity. APP specifically binds β not α neurexins modulated by splice site 4. Binding to neurexin heparan sulfate glycan and LNS protein domains is required for high-affinity interaction and for full-length APP to recruit axonal neurexin. The synaptogenic activity of APP is abolished by triple knockdown of neurexins in hippocampal neurons pooled from male and female rats. Based on these and previous results, our model is that a dendritic-axonal trans dimer of full-length APP binds to axonal neurexin-β to promote synaptic differentiation and function. Furthermore, soluble sAPPs also bind neurexin-β and inhibit its interaction with neuroligin-1, raising the possibility that disruption of neurexin function by altered levels of full-length APP and its cleavage products may contribute to early synaptic deficits in Alzheimer's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The prevailing model for the basis of Alzheimer's disease is the amyloid cascade triggered by altered cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP also has physiological roles at the synapse, but the molecular basis for its synaptic functions is not well understood. Here, we show that APP binds the presynaptic organizing protein neurexin-β and that neurexin is essential for the synaptogenic activity of APP. Furthermore, soluble APP forms generated by APP cleavage also bind neurexin-β and can block interaction with transmembrane synaptogenic ligands of neurexin. These findings reveal a role for neurexin-APP interaction in synapse development and raise the possibility that disruptions of neurexin function may contribute to synaptic and cognitive deficits in the critical early stage of Alzheimer's disease.
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16
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Kim J, Wulschner LEG, Oh WC, Ko J. Trans
‐synaptic mechanisms orchestrated by mammalian synaptic cell adhesion molecules. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200134. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity DGIST Daegu Korea
| | | | - Won Chan Oh
- Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain Sciences Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity DGIST Daegu Korea
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17
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Mei R, Ai M, Pang R, Xia D, Chen L, Zhong L. The Role of SliTrk5 in Central Nervous System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4678026. [PMID: 35872846 PMCID: PMC9303146 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4678026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
SLIT and NTRK-like protein-5 (SliTrk5) is one of the six members of SliTrk protein family, which is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), regulating and participating in many essential steps of central nervous system development, including axon and dendritic growth, neuron differentiation, and synaptogenesis. SliTrk5, as a neuron transmembrane protein, contains two important conservative domains consisting of leucine repeats (LRRs) located at the amino terminal in the extracellular region and tyrosine residues (Tyr) located at the carboxyl terminal in the intracellular domains. These special structures make SliTrk5 play an important role in the pathological process of the CNS. A large number of studies have shown that SliTrk5 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, such as obsessive-compulsive-disorder (OCD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), glioma, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Targeting SliTrk5 is expected to become a new target for the treatment of CNS diseases, promoting the functional recovery of CNS. The purpose of this article is to review the current research progression of the role of SliTrk5 in CNS and its potential mechanisms in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Linming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Rong Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, China
| | - Mingda Ai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Ruijing Pang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Di Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
- Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, China
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18
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Ateaque S, Merkouris S, Wyatt S, Allen ND, Xie J, DiStefano PS, Lindsay RM, Barde YA. Selective activation and down-regulation of Trk receptors by neurotrophins in human neurons co-expressing TrkB and TrkC. J Neurochem 2022; 161:463-477. [PMID: 35536742 PMCID: PMC9321069 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, most neurons co-express TrkB and TrkC, the tyrosine kinase receptors for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3). As NT3 can also activate TrkB, it has been difficult to understand how NT3 and TrkC can exert unique roles in the assembly of neuronal circuits. Using neurons differentiated from human embryonic stem cells expressing both TrkB and TrkC, we compared Trk activation by BDNF and NT3. To avoid the complications resulting from TrkB activation by NT3, we also generated neurons from stem cells engineered to lack TrkB. We found that NT3 activates TrkC at concentrations lower than those of BDNF needed to activate TrkB. Downstream of Trk activation, the changes in gene expression caused by TrkC activation were found to be similar to those resulting from TrkB activation by BDNF, including a number of genes involved in synaptic plasticity. At high NT3 concentrations, receptor selectivity was lost as a result of TrkB activation. In addition, TrkC was down-regulated, as was also the case with TrkB at high BDNF concentrations. By contrast, receptor selectivity as well as reactivation were preserved when neurons were exposed to low neurotrophin concentrations. These results indicate that the selectivity of NT3/TrkC signalling can be explained by the ability of NT3 to activate TrkC at concentrations lower than those needed to activate TrkB. They also suggest that in a therapeutic perspective, the dosage of Trk receptor agonists will need to be taken into account if prolonged receptor activation is to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ateaque
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | | | - Sean Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | | | - Jia Xie
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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19
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Cornejo F, Cortés BI, Findlay GM, Cancino GI. LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659951. [PMID: 34966732 PMCID: PMC8711739 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases are major regulators of signal transduction and they are involved in key cellular mechanisms such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. Here we focus on one class of protein phosphatases, the type IIA Receptor-type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs), or LAR-RPTP subfamily. In the last decade, LAR-RPTPs have been demonstrated to have great importance in neurobiology, from neurodevelopment to brain disorders. In vertebrates, the LAR-RPTP subfamily is composed of three members: PTPRF (LAR), PTPRD (PTPδ) and PTPRS (PTPσ), and all participate in several brain functions. In this review we describe the structure and proteolytic processing of the LAR-RPTP subfamily, their alternative splicing and enzymatic regulation. Also, we review the role of the LAR-RPTP subfamily in neural function such as dendrite and axon growth and guidance, synapse formation and differentiation, their participation in synaptic activity, and in brain development, discussing controversial findings and commenting on the most recent studies in the field. Finally, we discuss the clinical outcomes of LAR-RPTP mutations, which are associated with several brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cornejo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Greg M Findlay
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo I Cancino
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Zaldumbide L, Mosteiro L, López-Almaraz R, García de Andoin N, Aguirre P, Emaldi M, Torices L, López JI, Pulido R. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Neuroblastoma: Emerging Roles as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:811297. [PMID: 34957126 PMCID: PMC8692838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.811297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer intimately related with early development and differentiation of neuroendocrine cells, and constitutes one of the pediatric cancers with higher incidence and mortality. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are key regulators of cell growth and differentiation by their direct effect on tyrosine dephosphorylation of specific protein substrates, exerting major functions in the modulation of intracellular signaling during neuron development in response to external cues driving cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We review here the current knowledge on the role of PTPs in neuroblastoma cell growth, survival, and differentiation. The potential of PTPs as biomarkers and molecular targets for inhibition in neuroblastoma therapies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier, ; Rafael Pulido,
| | - Laura Zaldumbide
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Lorena Mosteiro
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Aguirre
- Department of Pathology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maite Emaldi
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Leire Torices
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José I. López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- *Correspondence: Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier, ; Rafael Pulido,
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21
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Lesnikova A, Casarotto P, Moliner R, Fred SM, Biojone C, Castrén E. Perineuronal Net Receptor PTPσ Regulates Retention of Memories. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:672475. [PMID: 34366821 PMCID: PMC8339997 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.672475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) have an important physiological role in the retention of learning by restricting cognitive flexibility. Their deposition peaks after developmental periods of intensive learning, usually in late childhood, and they help in long-term preservation of newly acquired skills and information. Modulation of PNN function by various techniques enhances plasticity and regulates the retention of memories, which may be beneficial when memory persistence entails negative symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we investigated the role of PTPσ [receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, a phosphatase that is activated by binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) from PNNs] in retention of memories using Novel Object Recognition and Fear Conditioning models. We observed that mice haploinsufficient for PTPRS gene (PTPσ+/–), although having improved short-term object recognition memory, display impaired long-term memory in both Novel Object Recognition and Fear Conditioning paradigm, as compared to WT littermates. However, PTPσ+/– mice did not show any differences in behavioral tests that do not heavily rely on cognitive flexibility, such as Elevated Plus Maze, Open Field, Marble Burying, and Forced Swimming Test. Since PTPσ has been shown to interact with and dephosphorylate TRKB, we investigated activation of this receptor and its downstream pathways in limbic areas known to be associated with memory. We found that phosphorylation of TRKB and PLCγ are increased in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdaloid complex of PTPσ+/– mice, but other TRKB-mediated signaling pathways are not affected. Our data suggest that PTPσ downregulation promotes TRKB phosphorylation in different brain areas, improves short-term memory performance but disrupts long-term memory retention in the tested animal models. Inhibition of PTPσ or disruption of PNN-PTPσ-TRKB complex might be a potential target for disorders where negative modulation of the acquired memories can be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Plinio Casarotto
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael Moliner
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Senem Merve Fred
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Gong Y, Abudureyimu S, Kadomatsu K, Sakamoto K. Identification of PTPRσ-interacting proteins by proximity-labelling assay. J Biochem 2021; 169:187-194. [PMID: 33313879 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are type-I transmembrane proteins and involved in various biological and pathological processes. Their functions are supposed to be exerted through tyrosine dephosphorylation of their specific substrates. However, our comprehensive understanding of specific substrates or interacting proteins for RPTPs is poor. PTPRσ belongs to class 2a RPTP family, dephosphorylates cortactin, and leads to autophagy flux disruption and axonal regeneration inhibition in response to its ligand chondroitin sulphate. Here, we applied proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) assay, a proximity-labelling assay, to PTPRσ and reproducibly identified the 99 candidates as interactors for PTPRσ including already-known interactors such as Liprin-α and Trio. Of note, cortactin was also listed up in our assay. Our results suggest that the BioID assay is a powerful and reliable tool to identify RPTP-interacting proteins including its specific substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shaniya Abudureyimu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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23
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Type IIa RPTPs and Glycans: Roles in Axon Regeneration and Synaptogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115524. [PMID: 34073798 PMCID: PMC8197235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type IIa receptor tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) play pivotal roles in neuronal network formation. It is emerging that the interactions of RPTPs with glycans, i.e., chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS), are critical for their functions. We highlight here the significance of these interactions in axon regeneration and synaptogenesis. For example, PTPσ, a member of type IIa RPTPs, on axon terminals is monomerized and activated by the extracellular CS deposited in neural injuries, dephosphorylates cortactin, disrupts autophagy flux, and consequently inhibits axon regeneration. In contrast, HS induces PTPσ oligomerization, suppresses PTPσ phosphatase activity, and promotes axon regeneration. PTPσ also serves as an organizer of excitatory synapses. PTPσ and neurexin bind one another on presynapses and further bind to postsynaptic leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein 4 (LRRTM4). Neurexin is now known as a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), and its HS is essential for the binding between these three molecules. Another HSPG, glypican 4, binds to presynaptic PTPσ and postsynaptic LRRTM4 in an HS-dependent manner. Type IIa RPTPs are also involved in the formation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses by heterophilic binding to a variety of postsynaptic partners. We also discuss the important issue of possible mechanisms coordinating axon extension and synapse formation.
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24
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Multiple signaling pathways are essential for synapse formation induced by synaptic adhesion molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2000173118. [PMID: 33431662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000173118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the cellular signals that organize synapse formation. To explore what signaling pathways may be involved, we employed heterologous synapse formation assays in which a synaptic adhesion molecule expressed in a nonneuronal cell induces pre- or postsynaptic specializations in cocultured neurons. We found that interfering pharmacologically with microtubules or actin filaments impaired heterologous synapse formation, whereas blocking protein synthesis had no effect. Unexpectedly, pharmacological inhibition of c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), protein kinase-A (PKA), or AKT kinases also suppressed heterologous synapse formation, while inhibition of other tested signaling pathways-such as MAP kinases or protein kinase C-did not alter heterologous synapse formation. JNK and PKA inhibitors suppressed formation of both pre- and postsynaptic specializations, whereas AKT inhibitors impaired formation of post- but not presynaptic specializations. To independently test whether heterologous synapse formation depends on AKT signaling, we targeted PTEN, an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and thereby prevents AKT kinase activation, to postsynaptic sites by fusing PTEN to Homer1. Targeting PTEN to postsynaptic specializations impaired heterologous postsynaptic synapse formation induced by presynaptic adhesion molecules, such as neurexins and additionally decreased excitatory synapse function in cultured neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that heterologous synapse formation is driven via a multifaceted and multistage kinase network, with diverse signals organizing pre- and postsynaptic specializations.
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25
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Li G, Zhang B, Sun JH, Shi LY, Huang MY, Huang LJ, Lin ZJ, Lin QY, Lai BQ, Ma YH, Jiang B, Ding Y, Zhang HB, Li MX, Zhu P, Wang YQ, Zeng X, Zeng YS. An NT-3-releasing bioscaffold supports the formation of TrkC-modified neural stem cell-derived neural network tissue with efficacy in repairing spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3766-3781. [PMID: 33898877 PMCID: PMC8044869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying neurogenesis during embryonic spinal cord development involves a specific ligand/receptor interaction, which may be help guide neuroengineering to boost stem cell-based neural regeneration for the structural and functional repair of spinal cord injury. Herein, we hypothesized that supplying spinal cord defects with an exogenous neural network in the NT-3/fibroin-coated gelatin sponge (NF-GS) scaffold might improve tissue repair efficacy. To test this, we engineered tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC)-modified neural stem cell (NSC)-derived neural network tissue with robust viability within an NF-GS scaffold. When NSCs were genetically modified to overexpress TrkC, the NT-3 receptor, a functional neuronal population dominated the neural network tissue. The pro-regenerative niche allowed the long-term survival and phenotypic maintenance of the donor neural network tissue for up to 8 weeks in the injured spinal cord. Additionally, host nerve fibers regenerated into the graft, making synaptic connections with the donor neurons. Accordingly, motor function recovery was significantly improved in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) that received TrkC-modified NSC-derived neural network tissue transplantation. Together, the results suggested that transplantation of the neural network tissue formed in the 3D bioactive scaffold may represent a valuable approach to study and develop therapies for SCI. A NT-3 sustained-release scaffold confers a microenvironment partially simulating the developmental spinal cord. The NT-3 microenvironment boosts neuronal differentiation of TrkC-modified NSCs by interactions between ligand and receptor. TrkC-NSCs is self-organized into a neural network tissue with typical neural excitability in 3D bioactive scaffold in vitro. The grafted neural network tissue can survive and maintain neural property, and improve motor function of paralyzed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Meng-Yao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zi-Jing Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Bi-Qin Lai
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miao-Xin Li
- Laboratory of Precision Medical Genomics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Wang
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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26
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Emperador-Melero J, de Nola G, Kaeser PS. Intact synapse structure and function after combined knockout of PTPδ, PTPσ, and LAR. eLife 2021; 10:e66638. [PMID: 33656439 PMCID: PMC7963474 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been proposed that leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are cell-adhesion proteins that control synapse assembly. Their synaptic nanoscale localization, however, is not established, and synapse fine structure after knockout of the three vertebrate LAR-RPTPs (PTPδ, PTPσ, and LAR) has not been tested. Here, superresolution microscopy reveals that PTPδ localizes to the synaptic cleft precisely apposed to postsynaptic scaffolds of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. We next assessed synapse structure in newly generated triple-conditional-knockout mice for PTPδ, PTPσ, and LAR, complementing a recent independent study of synapse function after LAR-RPTP ablation (Sclip and Südhof, 2020). While mild effects on synaptic vesicle clustering and active zone architecture were detected, synapse numbers and their overall structure were unaffected, membrane anchoring of the active zone persisted, and vesicle docking and release were normal. Hence, despite their localization at synaptic appositions, LAR-RPTPs are dispensable for presynapse structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni de Nola
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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27
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Montoliu-Gaya L, Tietze D, Kaminski D, Mirgorodskaya E, Tietze AA, Sterky FH. CA10 regulates neurexin heparan sulfate addition via a direct binding in the secretory pathway. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51349. [PMID: 33586859 PMCID: PMC8024894 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurexins are presynaptic adhesion molecules that shape the molecular composition of synapses. Diversification of neurexins in numerous isoforms is believed to confer synapse-specific properties by engaging with distinct ligands. For example, a subset of neurexin molecules carry a heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan that controls ligand binding, but how this post-translational modification is controlled is not known. Here, we observe that CA10, a ligand to neurexin in the secretory pathway, regulates neurexin-HS formation. CA10 is exclusively found on non-HS neurexin and CA10 expressed in neurons is sufficient to suppress HS addition and attenuate ligand binding and synapse formation induced by ligands known to recruit HS. This effect is mediated by a direct interaction in the secretory pathway that blocks the primary step of HS biosynthesis: xylosylation of the serine residue. NMR reveals that CA10 engages residues on either side of the serine that can be HS-modified, suggesting that CA10 sterically blocks xylosyltransferase access in Golgi. These results suggest a mechanism for the regulation of HS on neurexins and exemplify a new mechanism to regulate site-specific glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Tietze
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Debora Kaminski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alesia A Tietze
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik H Sterky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Kamimura K, Maeda N. Glypicans and Heparan Sulfate in Synaptic Development, Neural Plasticity, and Neurological Disorders. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:595596. [PMID: 33679334 PMCID: PMC7928303 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.595596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, which bear long polysaccharides called heparan sulfate (HS) attached to the core proteins. HSPGs interact with a variety of ligand proteins through the HS chains, and mutations in HSPG-related genes influence many biological processes and cause various diseases. In particular, recent findings from vertebrate and invertebrate studies have raised the importance of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HSPGs, glypicans, as central players in the development and functions of synapses. Glypicans are important components of the synapse-organizing protein complexes and serve as ligands for leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins (LRRTMs), leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) family receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), and G-protein-coupled receptor 158 (GPR158), regulating synapse formation. Many of these interactions are mediated by the HS chains of glypicans. Neurexins (Nrxs) are also synthesized as HSPGs and bind to some ligands in common with glypicans through HS chains. Therefore, glypicans and Nrxs may act competitively at the synapses. Furthermore, glypicans regulate the postsynaptic expression levels of ionotropic glutamate receptors, controlling the electrophysiological properties and non-canonical BMP signaling of synapses. Dysfunctions of glypicans lead to failures in neuronal network formation, malfunction of synapses, and abnormal behaviors that are characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent human genetics revealed that glypicans and HS are associated with autism spectrum disorder, neuroticism, and schizophrenia. In this review, we introduce the studies showing the roles of glypicans and HS in synapse formation, neural plasticity, and neurological disorders, especially focusing on the mouse and Drosophila as potential models for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kamimura
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Maeda
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
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29
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Lesnikova A, Casarotto PC, Fred SM, Voipio M, Winkel F, Steinzeig A, Antila H, Umemori J, Biojone C, Castrén E. Chondroitinase and Antidepressants Promote Plasticity by Releasing TRKB from Dephosphorylating Control of PTPσ in Parvalbumin Neurons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:972-980. [PMID: 33293360 PMCID: PMC7880295 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2228-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are an extracellular matrix structure rich in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which preferentially encase parvalbumin-containing (PV+) interneurons. PNNs restrict cortical network plasticity but the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. We found that reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex induced by chondroitinase ABC (chABC)-mediated PNN removal requires intact signaling by the neurotrophin receptor TRKB in PV+ neurons. Additionally, we demonstrate that chABC increases TRKB phosphorylation (pTRKB), while PNN component aggrecan attenuates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced pTRKB in cortical neurons in culture. We further found that protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ, PTPRS), receptor for CSPGs, interacts with TRKB and restricts TRKB phosphorylation. PTPσ deletion increases phosphorylation of TRKB in vitro and in vivo in male and female mice, and juvenile-like plasticity is retained in the visual cortex of adult PTPσ-deficient mice (PTPσ+/-). The antidepressant drug fluoxetine, which is known to promote TRKB phosphorylation and reopen critical period-like plasticity in the adult brain, disrupts the interaction between TRKB and PTPσ by binding to the transmembrane domain of TRKB. We propose that both chABC and fluoxetine reopen critical period-like plasticity in the adult visual cortex by promoting TRKB signaling in PV+ neurons through inhibition of TRKB dephosphorylation by the PTPσ-CSPG complex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Critical period-like plasticity can be reactivated in the adult visual cortex through disruption of perineuronal nets (PNNs) by chondroitinase treatment, or by chronic antidepressant treatment. We now show that the effects of both chondroitinase and fluoxetine are mediated by the neurotrophin receptor TRKB in parvalbumin-containing (PV+) interneurons. We found that chondroitinase-induced visual cortical plasticity is dependent on TRKB in PV+ neurons. Protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ, PTPRS), a receptor for PNNs, interacts with TRKB and inhibits its phosphorylation, and chondroitinase treatment or deletion of PTPσ increases TRKB phosphorylation. Antidepressant fluoxetine disrupts the interaction between TRKB and PTPσ, thereby increasing TRKB phosphorylation. Thus, juvenile-like plasticity induced by both chondroitinase and antidepressant treatment is mediated by TRKB activation in PV+ interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Lesnikova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | | | - Senem Merve Fred
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Mikko Voipio
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Frederike Winkel
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Anna Steinzeig
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Hanna Antila
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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30
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Kim HY, Um JW, Ko J. Proper synaptic adhesion signaling in the control of neural circuit architecture and brain function. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 200:101983. [PMID: 33422662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules are critical for governing various stages of synapse development and specifying neural circuit properties via the formation of multifarious signaling pathways. Recent studies have pinpointed the putative roles of trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules in mediating various cognitive functions. Here, we review the literature on the roles of a diverse group of central synaptic organizers, including neurexins (Nrxns), leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs), and their associated binding proteins, in regulating properties of specific type of synapses and neural circuits. In addition, we highlight the findings that aberrant synaptic adhesion signaling leads to alterations in the structures, transmission, and plasticity of specific synapses across diverse brain areas. These results seem to suggest that proper trans-synaptic signaling pathways by Nrxns, LAR-RPTPs, and their interacting network is likely to constitute central molecular complexes that form the basis for cognitive functions, and that these complexes are heterogeneously and complexly disrupted in many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
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31
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Takeo YH, Shuster SA, Jiang L, Hu MC, Luginbuhl DJ, Rülicke T, Contreras X, Hippenmeyer S, Wagner MJ, Ganguli S, Luo L. GluD2- and Cbln1-mediated competitive interactions shape the dendritic arbors of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Neuron 2020; 109:629-644.e8. [PMID: 33352118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The synaptotrophic hypothesis posits that synapse formation stabilizes dendritic branches, but this hypothesis has not been causally tested in vivo in the mammalian brain. The presynaptic ligand cerebellin-1 (Cbln1) and postsynaptic receptor GluD2 mediate synaptogenesis between granule cells and Purkinje cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Here we show that sparse but not global knockout of GluD2 causes under-elaboration of Purkinje cell dendrites in the deep molecular layer and overelaboration in the superficial molecular layer. Developmental, overexpression, structure-function, and genetic epistasis analyses indicate that these dendrite morphogenesis defects result from a deficit in Cbln1/GluD2-dependent competitive interactions. A generative model of dendrite growth based on competitive synaptogenesis largely recapitulates GluD2 sparse and global knockout phenotypes. Our results support the synaptotrophic hypothesis at initial stages of dendrite development, suggest a second mode in which cumulative synapse formation inhibits further dendrite growth, and highlight the importance of competition in dendrite morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari H Takeo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Andrew Shuster
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linnie Jiang
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miley C Hu
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David J Luginbuhl
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ximena Contreras
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mark J Wagner
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Surya Ganguli
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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32
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Fukai S, Yoshida T. Roles of type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases as synaptic organizers. FEBS J 2020; 288:6913-6926. [PMID: 33301645 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons establish circuits for brain functions such as cognition, emotion, learning, and memory. Their connections are mediated by synapses, which are specialized cell-cell adhesions responsible for neuronal signal transmission. During neurodevelopment, synapse formation is triggered by interactions of cell adhesion molecules termed synaptic organizers or synapse organizers. Type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (IIa RPTPs; also known as leukocyte common antigen-related receptor tyrosine phosphatases or LAR-RPTPs) play important roles in axon guidance and neurite extension, and also serve as presynaptic organizers. IIa RPTPs transsynaptically interact with multiple sets of postsynaptic organizers, mostly in a splicing-dependent fashion. Here, we review and update research progress on IIa RPTPs, particularly regarding their functional roles in vivo demonstrated using conditional knockout approach and structural insights into their extracellular and intracellular molecular interactions revealed by crystallography and other biophysical techniques. Future directions in the research field of IIa RPTPs are also discussed, including recent findings of the molecular assembly mechanism underlying the formation of synapse-specific nanostructures essential for synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Fukai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
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33
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Brahimi F, Galan A, Jmaeff S, Barcelona PF, De Jay N, Dejgaard K, Young JC, Kleinman CL, Thomas DY, Saragovi HU. Alternative Splicing of a Receptor Intracellular Domain Yields Different Ectodomain Conformations, Enabling Isoform-Selective Functional Ligands. iScience 2020; 23:101447. [PMID: 32829283 PMCID: PMC7452315 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Events at a receptor ectodomain affect the intracellular domain conformation, activating signal transduction (out-to-in conformational effects). We investigated the reverse direction (in-to-out) where the intracellular domain may impact on ectodomain conformation. The primary sequences of naturally occurring TrkC receptor isoforms (TrkC-FL and TrkC.T1) only differ at the intracellular domain. However, owing to their differential association with Protein Disulfide Isomerase the isoforms have different disulfide bonding and conformations at the ectodomain. Conformations were exploited to develop artificial ligands, mAbs, and small molecules, with isoform-specific binding and biased activation. Consistent, the physiological ligands NT-3 and PTP-sigma bind both isoforms, but NT-3 activates all signaling pathways, whereas PTP-sigma activates biased signals. Our data support an "in-to-out" model controlling receptor ectodomain conformation, a strategy that enables heterogeneity in receptors, ligands, and bioactivity. These concepts may be extended to the many wild-type or oncogenic receptors with known isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Brahimi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte St. Catherine, E-535, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alba Galan
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte St. Catherine, E-535, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sean Jmaeff
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte St. Catherine, E-535, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pablo F. Barcelona
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte St. Catherine, E-535, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicolas De Jay
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte St. Catherine, E-535, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kurt Dejgaard
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason C. Young
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia L. Kleinman
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte St. Catherine, E-535, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Y. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H. Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte St. Catherine, E-535, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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34
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Oku S, Feng H, Connor S, Toledo A, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Thoumine O, Zhang C, Craig AM. Alternative splicing at neuroligin site A regulates glycan interaction and synaptogenic activity. eLife 2020; 9:58668. [PMID: 32915137 PMCID: PMC7486126 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating cell surface synaptic organizing complexes that control the properties of connections in brain circuits are poorly understood. Alternative splicing regulates the prototypical synaptic organizing complex, neuroligin-neurexin. In contrast to the well-studied neuroligin splice site B, little is known about splice site A. We discovered that inclusion of the positively charged A1 insert in mouse neuroligin-1 increases its binding to heparan sulphate, a modification on neurexin. The A1 insert increases neurexin recruitment, presynaptic differentiation, and synaptic transmission mediated by neuroligin-1. We propose that the A1 insert could be a target for alleviating the consequences of deleterious NLGN1/3 mutations, supported by assays with the autism-linked neuroligin-1-P89L mutant. An enrichment of neuroligin-1 A1 in GABAergic neuron types suggests a role in synchrony of cortical circuits. Altogether, these data reveal an unusual mode by which neuroligin splicing controls synapse development through protein-glycan interaction and identify it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Oku
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Huijuan Feng
- Departments of Systems Biology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Steven Connor
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea Toledo
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience UMR 5297, CNRS and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Peng Zhang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yue Zhang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience UMR 5297, CNRS and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Chaolin Zhang
- Departments of Systems Biology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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35
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Lee AK, Khaled H, Chofflet N, Takahashi H. Synaptic Organizers in Alzheimer's Disease: A Classification Based on Amyloid-β Sensitivity. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:281. [PMID: 32982693 PMCID: PMC7492772 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic pathology is one of the major hallmarks observed from the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to cognitive and memory impairment characteristic of AD patients. Synaptic connectivity and specificity are regulated by multiple trans-bindings between pre- and post-synaptic organizers, the complex of which exerts synaptogenic activity. Neurexins (NRXs) and Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are the major presynaptic organizers promoting synaptogenesis through their distinct binding to a wide array of postsynaptic organizers. Recent studies have shown that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), a major detrimental molecule in AD, interact with NRXs and neuroligin-1, an NRX-binding postsynaptic organizer, to cause synaptic impairment. On the other hand, LAR-RPTPs and their postsynaptic binding partners have no interaction with AβOs, and their synaptogenic activity is maintained even in the presence of AβOs. Here, we review the current evidence regarding the involvement of synaptic organizers in AD, with a focus on Aβ synaptic pathology, to propose a new classification where NRX-based and LAR-RPTP-based synaptic organizing complexes are classified into Aβ-sensitive and Aβ-insensitive synaptic organizers, respectively. We further discuss how their different Aβ sensitivity is involved in Aβ vulnerability and tolerance of synapses for exploring potential therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Kihoon Lee
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Husam Khaled
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chofflet
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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36
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Abstract
Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) belongs to a family of growth factors called neurotrophins whose actions are centered in the nervous system. NT-3 is structurally related to other neurotrophins like brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The expression of NT-3 starts with the onset of neurogenesis and continues throughout life. A wealth of information links NT-3 to the growth, differentiation, and survival of hippocampal cells as well as sympathetic and sensory neurons. These studies have described the distribution of NT-3 and its receptors throughout development and in the mature nervous system. Prior works has begun to cell-type specific impact of NT-3 as well as identify the signaling pathways involved. However, much less is known about how NT-3 regulates synaptic transmission. This chapter focuses role of NT-3 in the modulation of synaptic transmission.
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37
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Han KA, Lee HY, Lim D, Shin J, Yoon TH, Liu X, Um JW, Choi SY, Ko J. Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase delta is not essential for synapse maintenance or transmission at hippocampal synapses. Mol Brain 2020; 13:94. [PMID: 32552840 PMCID: PMC7301452 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (LAR-RPTP) family, comprising PTPσ, PTPδ and LAR, are key hubs for presynaptic assembly and differentiation in vertebrate neurons. However, roles of individual LAR-RPTP members have not been investigated using member-specific conditional knockout mice. Here, we show that loss of PTPδ had no overt effect on synapse development in mouse cultured hippocampal neurons. Moreover, loss of PTPδ in presynaptic CA1 hippocampal neurons did not influence neurotransmitter release in subicular pyramidal neurons, suggesting that PTPδ is not critical for presynaptic function in vivo. Our results demonstrate that PTPδ is not essential for synapse maintenance or transmission, at least in the mouse hippocampus, and underscore the importance of using sophisticated genetic approaches to confirm the roles of synaptic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.,Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Dongseok Lim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Jungsu Shin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Taek Han Yoon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.,Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
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38
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Microexons: at the nexus of nervous system development, behaviour and autism spectrum disorder. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 65:22-33. [PMID: 32535349 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and characterization of a network of highly conserved neuronal microexons has provided fundamental new insight into mechanisms underlying nervous system development and function, as well as an important basis for pathway convergence in autism spectrum disorder. In the past few years, considerable progress has been made in comprehensively determining the repertoires of factors that control neuronal microexons. These results have illuminated molecular mechanisms that activate the splicing of microexons, including those that control gene expression programs critical for neurogenesis, as well as synaptic protein translation and neuronal activity. Remarkably, individual disruption of specific microexons in these pathways results in autism-like phenotypes and cognitive impairment in mice. This review discusses these findings and their implications for delivering new therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.
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39
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Han KA, Lee HY, Lim D, Shin J, Yoon TH, Lee C, Rhee JS, Liu X, Um JW, Choi SY, Ko J. PTPσ Controls Presynaptic Organization of Neurotransmitter Release Machinery at Excitatory Synapses. iScience 2020; 23:101203. [PMID: 32516721 PMCID: PMC7284068 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are evolutionarily conserved presynaptic organizers. The synaptic role of vertebrate LAR-RPTPs in vivo, however, remains unclear. In the current study, we analyzed the synaptic role of PTPσ using newly generated, single conditional knockout (cKO) mice targeting PTPσ. We found that the number of synapses was reduced in PTPσ cKO cultured neurons in association with impaired excitatory synaptic transmission, abnormal vesicle localization, and abnormal synaptic ultrastructure. Strikingly, loss of presynaptic PTPσ reduced neurotransmitter release prominently at excitatory synapses, concomitant with drastic reductions in excitatory innervations onto postsynaptic target areas in vivo. Furthermore, loss of presynaptic PTPσ in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons had no impact on postsynaptic glutamate receptor responses in subicular pyramidal neurons. Postsynaptic PTPσ deletion had no effect on excitatory synaptic strength. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PTPσ is a bona fide presynaptic adhesion molecule that controls neurotransmitter release and excitatory inputs. Conditional PTPσ KO produces specifically impaired presynaptic functions Presynaptic PTPσ regulates glutamate release efficiency Presynaptic PTPσ does not transsynaptically regulate postsynaptic receptor responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dongseok Lim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jungsu Shin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Taek Han Yoon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chooungku Lee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jeong-Seop Rhee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea.
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40
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Park H, Choi Y, Jung H, Kim S, Lee S, Han H, Kweon H, Kang S, Sim WS, Koopmans F, Yang E, Kim H, Smit AB, Bae YC, Kim E. Splice-dependent trans-synaptic PTPδ-IL1RAPL1 interaction regulates synapse formation and non-REM sleep. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104150. [PMID: 32347567 PMCID: PMC7265247 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing regulates trans‐synaptic adhesions and synapse development, but supporting in vivo evidence is limited. PTPδ, a receptor tyrosine phosphatase adhering to multiple synaptic adhesion molecules, is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders; however, its in vivo functions remain unclear. Here, we show that PTPδ is mainly present at excitatory presynaptic sites by endogenous PTPδ tagging. Global PTPδ deletion in mice leads to input‐specific decreases in excitatory synapse development and strength. This involves tyrosine dephosphorylation and synaptic loss of IL1RAPL1, a postsynaptic partner of PTPδ requiring the PTPδ‐meA splice insert for binding. Importantly, PTPδ‐mutant mice lacking the PTPδ‐meA insert, and thus lacking the PTPδ interaction with IL1RAPL1 but not other postsynaptic partners, recapitulate biochemical and synaptic phenotypes of global PTPδ‐mutant mice. Behaviorally, both global and meA‐specific PTPδ‐mutant mice display abnormal sleep behavior and non‐REM rhythms. Therefore, alternative splicing in PTPδ regulates excitatory synapse development and sleep by modulating a specific trans‐synaptic adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haram Park
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Choi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwajin Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seoyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyemin Han
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hanseul Kweon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Woong Seob Sim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Frank Koopmans
- Department of Functional Genomics, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University and UMC Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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41
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Rodemer W, Zhang G, Sinitsa I, Hu J, Jin LQ, Li S, Selzer ME. PTPσ Knockdown in Lampreys Impairs Reticulospinal Axon Regeneration and Neuronal Survival After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:61. [PMID: 32265663 PMCID: PMC7096546 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in persistent functional deficits due to the lack of axon regeneration within the mammalian CNS. After SCI, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) inhibit axon regrowth via putative interactions with the LAR-family protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTPσ and LAR, localized on the injured axon tips. Unlike mammals, the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, robustly recovers locomotion after complete spinal cord transection (TX). Behavioral recovery is accompanied by heterogeneous yet predictable anatomical regeneration of the lamprey's reticulospinal (RS) system. The identified RS neurons can be categorized as "good" or "bad" regenerators based on the likelihood that their axons will regenerate. Those neurons that fail to regenerate their axons undergo a delayed form of caspase-mediated cell death. Previously, this lab reported that lamprey PTPσ mRNA is selectively expressed in "bad regenerator" RS neurons, preceding SCI-induced caspase activation. Consequently, we hypothesized that PTPσ deletion would reduce retrograde cell death and promote axon regeneration. Using antisense morpholino oligomers (MOs), we knocked down PTPσ expression after TX and assessed the effects on axon regeneration, caspase activation, intracellular signaling, and behavioral recovery. Unexpectedly, PTPσ knockdown significantly impaired RS axon regeneration at 10 weeks post-TX, primarily due to reduced long-term neuron survival. Interestingly, cell loss was not preceded by an increase in caspase or p53 activation. Behavioral recovery was largely unaffected, although PTPσ knockdowns showed mild deficits in the recovery of swimming distance and latency to immobility during open field swim assays. Although the mechanism underlying the cell death following TX and PTPσ knockdown remains unknown, this study suggests that PTPσ is not a net negative regulator of long tract axon regeneration in lampreys.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Rodemer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Isabelle Sinitsa
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianli Hu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li-qing Jin
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael E. Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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42
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Kim K, Shin W, Kang M, Lee S, Kim D, Kang R, Jung Y, Cho Y, Yang E, Kim H, Bae YC, Kim E. Presynaptic PTPσ regulates postsynaptic NMDA receptor function through direct adhesion-independent mechanisms. eLife 2020; 9:54224. [PMID: 32142410 PMCID: PMC7069723 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic adhesion molecules regulate synapse development and function. However, whether and how presynaptic adhesion molecules regulate postsynaptic NMDAR function remains largely unclear. Presynaptic LAR family receptor tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) regulate synapse development through mechanisms that include trans-synaptic adhesion; however, whether they regulate postsynaptic receptor functions remains unknown. Here we report that presynaptic PTPσ, a LAR-RPTP, enhances postsynaptic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) currents and NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. This regulation does not involve trans-synaptic adhesions of PTPσ, suggesting that the cytoplasmic domains of PTPσ, known to have tyrosine phosphatase activity and mediate protein-protein interactions, are important. In line with this, phosphotyrosine levels of presynaptic proteins, including neurexin-1, are strongly increased in PTPσ-mutant mice. Behaviorally, PTPσ-dependent NMDAR regulation is important for social and reward-related novelty recognition. These results suggest that presynaptic PTPσ regulates postsynaptic NMDAR function through trans-synaptic and direct adhesion-independent mechanisms and novelty recognition in social and reward contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungdeok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeonghwa Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yisul Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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43
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Tran AP, Warren PM, Silver J. Regulation of autophagy by inhibitory CSPG interactions with receptor PTPσ and its impact on plasticity and regeneration after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113276. [PMID: 32145250 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), extracellular matrix molecules that increase dramatically following a variety of CNS injuries or diseases, have long been known for their potent capacity to curtail cell migrations as well as axon regeneration and sprouting. The inhibition can be conferred through binding to their major cognate receptor, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Sigma (PTPσ). However, the precise mechanisms downstream of receptor binding that mediate growth inhibition have remained elusive. Recently, CSPGs/PTPσ interactions were found to regulate autophagic flux at the axon growth cone by dampening the autophagosome-lysosomal fusion step. Because of the intense interest in autophagic phenomena in the regulation of a wide variety of critical cellular functions, we summarize here what is currently known about dysregulation of autophagy following spinal cord injury, and highlight this critical new mechanism underlying axon regeneration failure. Furthermore, we review how CSPGs/PTPσ interactions influence plasticity through autophagic regulation and how PTPσ serves as a switch to execute either axon outgrowth or synaptogenesis. This has exciting implications for the role CSPGs play not only in axon regeneration failure after spinal cord injury, but also in neurodegenerative diseases where, again, inhibitory CSPGs are upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Phuong Tran
- Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Integrative Center for Brain Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Philippa Mary Warren
- King's College London, Regeneration Group, The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - Jerry Silver
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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44
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Structural insights into selective interaction between type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases and Liprin-α. Nat Commun 2020; 11:649. [PMID: 32005855 PMCID: PMC6994669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapse formation is induced by transsynaptic interaction of neuronal cell-adhesion molecules termed synaptic organizers. Type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (IIa RPTPs) function as presynaptic organizers. The cytoplasmic domain of IIa RPTPs consists of two phosphatase domains, and the membrane-distal one (D2) is essential for synapse formation. Liprin-α, which is an active zone protein critical for synapse formation, interacts with D2 via its C-terminal domain composed of three tandem sterile alpha motifs (tSAM). Structural mechanisms of this critical interaction for synapse formation remain elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of the complex between mouse PTPδ D2 and Liprin-α3 tSAM at 1.91 Å resolution. PTPδ D2 interacts with the N-terminal helix and the first and second SAMs (SAM1 and SAM2, respectively) of Liprin-α3. Structure-based mutational analyses in vitro and in cellulo demonstrate that the interactions with Liprin-α SAM1 and SAM2 are essential for the binding and synaptogenic activity.
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45
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Roppongi RT, Dhume SH, Padmanabhan N, Silwal P, Zahra N, Karimi B, Bomkamp C, Patil CS, Champagne-Jorgensen K, Twilley RE, Zhang P, Jackson MF, Siddiqui TJ. LRRTMs Organize Synapses through Differential Engagement of Neurexin and PTPσ. Neuron 2020; 106:108-125.e12. [PMID: 31995730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Presynaptic neurexins (Nrxs) and type IIa receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) organize synapses through a network of postsynaptic ligands. We show that leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins (LRRTMs) differentially engage the protein domains of Nrx but require its heparan sulfate (HS) modification to induce presynaptic differentiation. Binding to the HS of Nrx is sufficient for LRRTM3 and LRRTM4 to induce synaptogenesis. We identify mammalian Nrx1γ as a potent synapse organizer and reveal LRRTM4 as its postsynaptic ligand. Mice expressing a mutant form of LRRTM4 that cannot bind to HS show structural and functional deficits at dentate gyrus excitatory synapses. Through the HS of Nrx, LRRTMs also recruit PTPσ to induce presynaptic differentiation but function to varying degrees in its absence. PTPσ forms a robust complex with Nrx, revealing an unexpected interaction between the two presynaptic hubs. These findings underscore the complex interplay of synapse organizers in specifying the molecular logic of a neural circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko T Roppongi
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shreya H Dhume
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Nirmala Padmanabhan
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Prabhisha Silwal
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Nazmeena Zahra
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Benyamin Karimi
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Claire Bomkamp
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B, Canada
| | - Chetan S Patil
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Kevin Champagne-Jorgensen
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Rebecca E Twilley
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B, Canada
| | - Michael F Jackson
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Tabrez J Siddiqui
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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46
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Sclip A, Südhof TC. LAR receptor phospho-tyrosine phosphatases regulate NMDA-receptor responses. eLife 2020; 9:53406. [PMID: 31985401 PMCID: PMC6984820 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LAR-type receptor phosphotyrosine-phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are presynaptic adhesion molecules that interact trans-synaptically with multitudinous postsynaptic adhesion molecules, including SliTrks, SALMs, and TrkC. Via these interactions, LAR-RPTPs are thought to function as synaptogenic wiring molecules that promote neural circuit formation by mediating the establishment of synapses. To test the synaptogenic functions of LAR-RPTPs, we conditionally deleted the genes encoding all three LAR-RPTPs, singly or in combination, in mice before synapse formation. Strikingly, deletion of LAR-RPTPs had no effect on synaptic connectivity in cultured neurons or in vivo, but impaired NMDA-receptor-mediated responses. Deletion of LAR-RPTPs decreased NMDA-receptor-mediated responses by a trans-synaptic mechanism. In cultured neurons, deletion of all LAR-RPTPs led to a reduction in synaptic NMDA-receptor EPSCs, without changing the subunit composition or the protein levels of NMDA-receptors. In vivo, deletion of all LAR-RPTPs in the hippocampus at birth also did not alter synaptic connectivity as measured via AMPA-receptor-mediated synaptic responses at Schaffer-collateral synapses monitored in juvenile mice, but again decreased NMDA-receptor mediated synaptic transmission. Thus, LAR-RPTPs are not essential for synapse formation, but control synapse properties by regulating postsynaptic NMDA-receptors via a trans-synaptic mechanism that likely involves binding to one or multiple postsynaptic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sclip
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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47
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Wang W, Jia Y, Pham DT, Palmer LC, Jung KM, Cox CD, Rumbaugh G, Piomelli D, Gall CM, Lynch G. Atypical Endocannabinoid Signaling Initiates a New Form of Memory-Related Plasticity at a Cortical Input to Hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2253-2266. [PMID: 28520937 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECBs) depress transmitter release at sites throughout the brain. Here, we describe another form of ECB signaling that triggers a novel form of long-term potentiation (LTP) localized to the lateral perforant path (LPP) which conveys semantic information from cortex to hippocampus. Two cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) signaling cascades were identified in hippocampus. The first is pregnenolone sensitive, targets vesicular protein Munc18-1 and depresses transmitter release; this cascade is engaged by CB1Rs in Schaffer-Commissural afferents to CA1 but not in the LPP, and it does not contribute to LTP. The second cascade is pregnenolone insensitive and LPP specific; it entails co-operative CB1R/β1-integrin signaling to effect synaptic potentiation via stable enhancement of transmitter release. The latter cascade is engaged during LPP-dependent learning. These results link atypical ECB signaling to the encoding of a fundamental component of episodic memory and suggest a novel route whereby endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids affect cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yousheng Jia
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Danielle T Pham
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Linda C Palmer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Conor D Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gavin Rumbaugh
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery and Development, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christine M Gall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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48
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Lee H, Shin W, Kim K, Lee S, Lee EJ, Kim J, Kweon H, Lee E, Park H, Kang M, Yang E, Kim H, Kim E. NGL-3 in the regulation of brain development, Akt/GSK3b signaling, long-term depression, and locomotive and cognitive behaviors. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2005326. [PMID: 31166939 PMCID: PMC6550391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrin-G ligand-3 (NGL-3) is a postsynaptic adhesion molecule known to directly interact with the excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and trans-synaptically with leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) family receptor tyrosine phosphatases to regulate presynaptic differentiation. Although NGL-3 has been implicated in the regulation of excitatory synapse development by in vitro studies, whether it regulates synapse development or function, or any other features of brain development and function, is not known. Here, we report that mice lacking NGL-3 (Ngl3−/− mice) show markedly suppressed normal brain development and postnatal survival and growth. A change of the genetic background of mice from pure to hybrid minimized these developmental effects but modestly suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampus without affecting synapse development, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor (AMPAR)-mediated basal transmission, and presynaptic release. Intriguingly, long-term depression (LTD) was near-completely abolished in Ngl3−/− mice, and the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway, known to suppress LTD, was abnormally enhanced. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of Akt, but not activation of NMDARs, normalized the suppressed LTD in Ngl3−/− mice, suggesting that Akt hyperactivity suppresses LTD. Ngl3−/− mice displayed several behavioral abnormalities, including hyperactivity, anxiolytic-like behavior, impaired spatial memory, and enhanced seizure susceptibility. Among them, the hyperactivity was rapidly improved by pharmacological NMDAR activation. These results suggest that NGL-3 regulates brain development, Akt/GSK3β signaling, LTD, and locomotive and cognitive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hanseul Kweon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunee Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haram Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Muwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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49
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Bomkamp C, Padmanabhan N, Karimi B, Ge Y, Chao JT, Loewen CJR, Siddiqui TJ, Craig AM. Mechanisms of PTPσ-Mediated Presynaptic Differentiation. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:17. [PMID: 31191292 PMCID: PMC6540616 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of synapses between neurons depends in part on binding between axonal and dendritic cell surface synaptic organizing proteins, which recruit components of the developing presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations. One of these presynaptic organizing molecules is protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ). Although the protein domains involved in adhesion between PTPσ and its postsynaptic binding partners are known, the mechanisms by which it signals into the presynaptic neuron to recruit synaptic vesicles and other necessary components for regulated transmitter release are not well understood. One attractive candidate to mediate this function is liprin-α, a scaffolding protein with well-established roles at the synapse. We systematically mutated residues of the PTPσ intracellular region (ICR) and used the yeast dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein complementation assay to screen for disrupted interactions between these mutant forms of PTPσ and its various binding partners. Using a molecular replacement strategy, we show that disrupting the interaction between PTPσ and liprin-α, but not between PTPσ and itself or another binding partner, caskin, abolishes presynaptic differentiation. Furthermore, phosphatase activity of PTPσ and binding to extracellular heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are dispensable for presynaptic induction. Previous reports have suggested that binding between PTPσ and liprin-α is mediated by the PTPσ membrane-distal phosphatase-like domain. However, we provide evidence here that both of the PTPσ phosphatase-like domains mediate binding to liprin-α and are required for PTPσ-mediated presynaptic differentiation. These findings further our understanding of the mechanistic basis by which PTPσ acts as a presynaptic organizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bomkamp
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nirmala Padmanabhan
- Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benyamin Karimi
- Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yuan Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jesse T Chao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher J R Loewen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tabrez J Siddiqui
- Health Sciences Centre, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Chamma I, Sainlos M, Thoumine O. Biophysical mechanisms underlying the membrane trafficking of synaptic adhesion molecules. Neuropharmacology 2019; 169:107555. [PMID: 30831159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion proteins play crucial roles at synapses, not only by providing a physical trans-synaptic linkage between axonal and dendritic membranes, but also by connecting to functional elements including the pre-synaptic neurotransmitter release machinery and post-synaptic receptors. To mediate these functions, adhesion proteins must be organized on the neuronal surface in a precise and controlled manner. Recent studies have started to describe the mobility, nanoscale organization, and turnover rate of key synaptic adhesion molecules including cadherins, neurexins, neuroligins, SynCAMs, and LRRTMs, and show that some of these proteins are highly mobile in the plasma membrane while others are confined at sub-synaptic compartments, providing evidence for different regulatory pathways. In this review article, we provide a biophysical view of the diffusional trapping of adhesion molecules at synapses, involving both extracellular and intracellular protein interactions. We review the methodology underlying these measurements, including biomimetic systems with purified adhesion proteins, means to perturb protein expression or function, single molecule imaging in cultured neurons, and analytical models to interpret the data. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Mobility and trafficking of neuronal membrane proteins'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Chamma
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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