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Copley RR, Buttin J, Arguel MJ, Williaume G, Lebrigand K, Barbry P, Hudson C, Yasuo H. Early transcriptional similarities between two distinct neural lineages during ascidian embryogenesis. Dev Biol 2024; 514:1-11. [PMID: 38878991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In chordates, the central nervous system arises from precursors that have distinct developmental and transcriptional trajectories. Anterior nervous systems are ontogenically associated with ectodermal lineages while posterior nervous systems are associated with mesoderm. Taking advantage of the well-documented cell lineage of ascidian embryos, we asked to what extent the transcriptional states of the different neural lineages become similar during the course of progressive lineage restriction. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses on hand-dissected neural precursor cells of the two distinct lineages, together with those of their sister cell lineages, with a high temporal resolution covering five successive cell cycles from the 16-cell to neural plate stages. A transcription factor binding site enrichment analysis of neural specific genes at the neural plate stage revealed limited evidence for shared transcriptional control between the two neural lineages, consistent with their different ontogenies. Nevertheless, PCA analysis and hierarchical clustering showed that, by neural plate stages, the two neural lineages cluster together. Consistent with this, we identified a set of genes enriched in both neural lineages at the neural plate stage, including miR-124, Celf3.a, Zic.r-b, and Ets1/2. Altogether, the current study has revealed genome-wide transcriptional dynamics of neural progenitor cells of two distinct developmental origins. Our scRNA-seq dataset is unique and provides a valuable resource for future analyses, enabling a precise temporal resolution of cell types not previously described from dissociated embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Copley
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7009, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
| | - Julia Buttin
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7009, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Marie-Jeanne Arguel
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, 06560, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Géraldine Williaume
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7009, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Kevin Lebrigand
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, 06560, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pascal Barbry
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, 06560, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Clare Hudson
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7009, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Hitoyoshi Yasuo
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7009, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
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2
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Saritas Erdogan S, Yilmaz AE, Kumbasar A. PIN1 is a novel interaction partner and a negative upstream regulator of the transcription factor NFIB. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 39245791 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
NFIB is a transcription factor of the Nuclear Factor One (NFI) family that is essential for embryonic development. Post-translational control of NFIB or its upstream regulators have not been well characterized. Here, we show that PIN1 binds NFIB in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, via its WW domain. PIN1 interacts with the well-conserved N-terminal domains of all NFIs. Moreover, PIN1 attenuates the transcriptional activity of NFIB; this attenuation requires substrate binding by PIN1 but not its isomerase activity. Paradoxically, we found stabilization of NFIB by PIN1. We propose that PIN1 represses NFIB function not by regulating its abundance but by inducing a conformational change. These results identify NFIB as a novel PIN1 target and posit a role for PIN1 in post-translational regulation of NFIB and other NFIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Erdal Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Asli Kumbasar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
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3
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Kharlamova A, Krivova Y, Proshchina A, Godovalova O, Otlyga D, Andreeva E, Shachina M, Grushetskaya E, Saveliev S. Spatial-temporal representation of the astroglial markers in the developing human cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02850-z. [PMID: 39153086 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Specific spatiotemporal patterns of the normal glial differentiation during human brain development have not been thoroughly studied. Immunomorphological studies on postmortem material have remained a basic method for human neurodevelopmental studies so far. The main problem for the immunohistochemical research of astrogliogenesis is that now there are no universal astrocyte markers, that characterize the whole mature astrocyte population or precursors at each stage of development. To define the general course of astrogliogenesis in the developing human cortex, 25 fetal autopsy samples at the stages from eight postconceptional weeks to birth were collected for the immunomorphological analysis. Spatiotemporal immunoreactivity patterns with the panel of markers (ALDH1L1, GFAP, S100, SOX9, and Olig-2), related to glial differentiation were described and compared. The early S100 + cell population of ventral origin was described as well. This S100 + cell distribution deviated from the SOX9-immunoreactivity pattern and was similar to the Olig-2 one. In the given material the dorsal gliogenic wave was characterized by ALDH1L1-, GFAP-, and S100-immunoreactivity manifestation in the dorsal proliferative niche at the end of the early fetal period. The time point of dorsal astrogliogenesis was agreed upon not later than the 17 GW stage. ALDH1L1 + , GFAP + , S100 + , and SOX9 + cell expansion patterns from the ventricular and subventricular zones to the intermediate zone, subplate, and cortical plate were described at the end of early fetal, middle, and late fetal periods. The ALDH1L1-, GFAP-, and S100-immunoreactivity patterns were shown to be not completely identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kharlamova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418.
| | - Yu Krivova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - A Proshchina
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - O Godovalova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - D Otlyga
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - E Andreeva
- Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pokrovka St., 22A, Moscow, Russia, 101000
- FGBEU APE Russian Medical Academy Continuous Professional Education, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, S.1, Moscow, Russia, 125993
| | - M Shachina
- Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pokrovka St., 22A, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - E Grushetskaya
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - S Saveliev
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418
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4
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Fu X, Mo S, Buendia A, Laurent A, Shao A, del Mar Alvarez-Torres M, Yu T, Tan J, Su J, Sagatelian R, Ferrando AA, Ciccia A, Lan Y, Owens DM, Palomero T, Xing EP, Rabadan R. GET: a foundation model of transcription across human cell types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.24.559168. [PMID: 39005360 PMCID: PMC11244937 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation, involving the complex interplay between regulatory sequences and proteins, directs all biological processes. Computational models of transcription lack generalizability to accurately extrapolate in unseen cell types and conditions. Here, we introduce GET, an interpretable foundation model designed to uncover regulatory grammars across 213 human fetal and adult cell types. Relying exclusively on chromatin accessibility data and sequence information, GET achieves experimental-level accuracy in predicting gene expression even in previously unseen cell types. GET showcases remarkable adaptability across new sequencing platforms and assays, enabling regulatory inference across a broad range of cell types and conditions, and uncovering universal and cell type specific transcription factor interaction networks. We evaluated its performance on prediction of regulatory activity, inference of regulatory elements and regulators, and identification of physical interactions between transcription factors. Specifically, we show GET outperforms current models in predicting lentivirus-based massive parallel reporter assay readout with reduced input data. In fetal erythroblasts, we identify distal (>1Mbp) regulatory regions that were missed by previous models. In B cells, we identified a lymphocyte-specific transcription factor-transcription factor interaction that explains the functional significance of a leukemia-risk predisposing germline mutation. In sum, we provide a generalizable and accurate model for transcription together with catalogs of gene regulation and transcription factor interactions, all with cell type specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shentong Mo
- Department of Machine Learning, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Alejandro Buendia
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anouchka Laurent
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anqi Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jimin Tan
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jiayu Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Adolfo A. Ferrando
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Lan
- Institute for AI Industry Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - David M. Owens
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Palomero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric P. Xing
- Department of Machine Learning, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Gauberg J, Moreno KB, Jayaraman K, Abumeri S, Jenkins S, Salazar AM, Meharena HS, Glasgow SM. Spinal motor neuron development and metabolism are transcriptionally regulated by Nuclear Factor IA. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600888. [PMID: 38979382 PMCID: PMC11230388 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Neural circuits governing all motor behaviors in vertebrates rely on the proper development of motor neurons and their precise targeting of limb muscles. Transcription factors are essential for motor neuron development, regulating their specification, migration, and axonal targeting. While transcriptional regulation of the early stages of motor neuron specification is well-established, much less is known about the role of transcription factors in the later stages of maturation and terminal arborization. Defining the molecular mechanisms of these later stages is critical for elucidating how motor circuits are constructed. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Nuclear Factor-IA (NFIA) is required for motor neuron positioning, axonal branching, and neuromuscular junction formation. Moreover, we find that NFIA is required for proper mitochondrial function and ATP production, providing a new and important link between transcription factors and metabolism during motor neuron development. Together, these findings underscore the critical role of NFIA in instructing the assembly of spinal circuits for movement.
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6
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Sheloukhova L, Watanabe H. Evolution of glial cells: a non-bilaterian perspective. Neural Dev 2024; 19:10. [PMID: 38907299 PMCID: PMC11193209 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-024-00184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervous systems of bilaterian animals generally consist of two cell types: neurons and glial cells. Despite accumulating data about the many important functions glial cells serve in bilaterian nervous systems, the evolutionary origin of this abundant cell type remains unclear. Current hypotheses regarding glial evolution are mostly based on data from model bilaterians. Non-bilaterian animals have been largely overlooked in glial studies and have been subjected only to morphological analysis. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of conservation of the bilateral gliogenic genetic repertoire of non-bilaterian phyla (Cnidaria, Placozoa, Ctenophora, and Porifera). We overview molecular and functional features of bilaterian glial cell types and discuss their possible evolutionary history. We then examine which glial features are present in non-bilaterians. Of these, cnidarians show the highest degree of gliogenic program conservation and may therefore be crucial to answer questions about glial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Sheloukhova
- Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0412, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0412, Japan.
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7
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Sagner A. Temporal patterning of the vertebrate developing neural tube. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102179. [PMID: 38490162 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The chronologically ordered generation of distinct cell types is essential for the establishment of neuronal diversity and the formation of neuronal circuits. Recently, single-cell transcriptomic analyses of various areas of the developing vertebrate nervous system have provided evidence for the existence of a shared temporal patterning program that partitions neurons based on the timing of neurogenesis. In this review, I summarize the findings that lead to the proposal of this shared temporal program before focusing on the developing spinal cord to discuss how temporal patterning in general and this program specifically contributes to the ordered formation of neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sagner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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8
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Balint V, Peric M, Dacic S, Stanisavljevic Ninkovic D, Marjanovic J, Popovic J, Stevanovic M, Lazic A. The Role of SOX2 and SOX9 Transcription Factors in the Reactivation-Related Functional Properties of NT2/D1-Derived Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:796. [PMID: 38672150 PMCID: PMC11048103 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the main homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, with the unique ability to transform from quiescent into a reactive state in response to pathological conditions by reacquiring some precursor properties. This process is known as reactive astrogliosis, a compensatory response that mediates tissue damage and recovery. Although it is well known that SOX transcription factors drive the expression of phenotype-specific genetic programs during neurodevelopment, their roles in mature astrocytes have not been studied extensively. We focused on the transcription factors SOX2 and SOX9, shown to be re-expressed in reactive astrocytes, in order to study the reactivation-related functional properties of astrocytes mediated by those proteins. We performed an initial screening of SOX2 and SOX9 expression after sensorimotor cortex ablation injury in rats and conducted gain-of-function studies in vitro using astrocytes derived from the human NT2/D1 cell line. Our results revealed the direct involvement of SOX2 in the reacquisition of proliferation in mature NT2/D1-derived astrocytes, while SOX9 overexpression increased migratory potential and glutamate uptake in these cells. Our results imply that modulation of SOX gene expression may change the functional properties of astrocytes, which holds promise for the discovery of potential therapeutic targets in the development of novel strategies for tissue regeneration and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Balint
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mina Peric
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Stanisavljevic Ninkovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Jelena Marjanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Lazic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.N.); (J.M.); (J.P.); (M.S.)
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9
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Kardian AS, Mack S. The Intersection of Epigenetic Alterations and Developmental State in Pediatric Ependymomas. Dev Neurosci 2024:000537694. [PMID: 38527429 DOI: 10.1159/000537694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ependymomas are the third most common brain cancer in children and have no targeted therapies. They are divided into at least 9 major subtypes based on molecular characteristics and major drivers and have few genetic mutations compared to the adult form of this disease, leading to investigation of other mechanisms. SUMMARY Epigenetic alterations such as transcriptional programs activated by oncofusion proteins and alterations in histone modifications play an important role in development of this disease. Evidence suggests these alterations interact with the developmental epigenetic programs in the cell of origin to initiate neoplastic transformation and later disease progression, perhaps by keeping a portion of tumor cells in a developmental, proliferative state. KEY MESSAGES To better understand this disease, research on its developmental origins and associated epigenetic states needs to be further pursued. This could lead to better treatments, which are currently lacking due to the difficult-to-drug nature of known drivers such as fusion proteins. Epigenetic and developmental states characteristic of these tumors may not just be potential therapeutic targets, but used as a tool to find new avenues of treatment.
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10
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Cornejo F, Franchini N, Cortés BI, Elgueta D, Cancino GI. Neural conditional ablation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Delta PTPRD impairs gliogenesis in the developing mouse brain cortex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357862. [PMID: 38487272 PMCID: PMC10937347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by alterations in the development of the cerebral cortex, including aberrant changes in the number and function of neural cells. Although neurogenesis is one of the most studied cellular processes in these pathologies, little evidence is known about glial development. Genetic association studies have identified several genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, variations in the PTPRD gene have been associated with numerous brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, restless leg syndrome, and schizophrenia. We previously demonstrated that constitutive loss of PTPRD expression induces significant alterations in cortical neurogenesis, promoting an increase in intermediate progenitors and neurons in mice. However, its role in gliogenesis has not been evaluated. To assess this, we developed a conditional knockout mouse model lacking PTPRD expression in telencephalon cells. Here, we found that the lack of PTPRD in the mouse cortex reduces glial precursors, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. According to our results, this decrease in gliogenesis resulted from a reduced number of radial glia cells at gliogenesis onset and a lower gliogenic potential in cortical neural precursors due to less activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and reduced expression of gliogenic genes. Our study shows PTPRD as a regulator of the glial/neuronal balance during cortical neurodevelopment and highlights the importance of studying glial development to understand the etiology of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cornejo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nayhara Franchini
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I. Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Elgueta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo I. Cancino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Sojka C, Sloan SA. Gliomas: a reflection of temporal gliogenic principles. Commun Biol 2024; 7:156. [PMID: 38321118 PMCID: PMC10847444 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The hijacking of early developmental programs is a canonical feature of gliomas where neoplastic cells resemble neurodevelopmental lineages and possess mechanisms of stem cell resilience. Given these parallels, uncovering how and when in developmental time gliomagenesis intersects with normal trajectories can greatly inform our understanding of tumor biology. Here, we review how elapsing time impacts the developmental principles of astrocyte (AS) and oligodendrocyte (OL) lineages, and how these same temporal programs are replicated, distorted, or circumvented in pathological settings such as gliomas. Additionally, we discuss how normal gliogenic processes can inform our understanding of the temporal progression of gliomagenesis, including when in developmental time gliomas originate, thrive, and can be pushed towards upon therapeutic coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Sojka
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven A Sloan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Mathur R, Wang Q, Schupp PG, Nikolic A, Hilz S, Hong C, Grishanina NR, Kwok D, Stevers NO, Jin Q, Youngblood MW, Stasiak LA, Hou Y, Wang J, Yamaguchi TN, Lafontaine M, Shai A, Smirnov IV, Solomon DA, Chang SM, Hervey-Jumper SL, Berger MS, Lupo JM, Okada H, Phillips JJ, Boutros PC, Gallo M, Oldham MC, Yue F, Costello JF. Glioblastoma evolution and heterogeneity from a 3D whole-tumor perspective. Cell 2024; 187:446-463.e16. [PMID: 38242087 PMCID: PMC10832360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Treatment failure for the lethal brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is attributed to intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor evolution. We utilized 3D neuronavigation during surgical resection to acquire samples representing the whole tumor mapped by 3D spatial coordinates. Integrative tissue and single-cell analysis revealed sources of genomic, epigenomic, and microenvironmental intratumoral heterogeneity and their spatial patterning. By distinguishing tumor-wide molecular features from those with regional specificity, we inferred GBM evolutionary trajectories from neurodevelopmental lineage origins and initiating events such as chromothripsis to emergence of genetic subclones and spatially restricted activation of differential tumor and microenvironmental programs in the core, periphery, and contrast-enhancing regions. Our work depicts GBM evolution and heterogeneity from a 3D whole-tumor perspective, highlights potential therapeutic targets that might circumvent heterogeneity-related failures, and establishes an interactive platform enabling 360° visualization and analysis of 3D spatial patterns for user-selected genes, programs, and other features across whole GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Mathur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick G Schupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ana Nikolic
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - Stephanie Hilz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chibo Hong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadia R Grishanina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Darwin Kwok
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas O Stevers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiushi Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark W Youngblood
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lena Ann Stasiak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ye Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Takafumi N Yamaguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angees, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Lafontaine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anny Shai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ivan V Smirnov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shawn L Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janine M Lupo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angees, CA, USA
| | - Marco Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael C Oldham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Baričević Z, Pongrac M, Ivaničić M, Hreščak H, Tomljanović I, Petrović A, Cojoc D, Mladinic M, Ban J. SOX2 and SOX9 Expression in Developing Postnatal Opossum ( Monodelphis domestica) Cortex. Biomolecules 2024; 14:70. [PMID: 38254670 PMCID: PMC10813269 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Central nervous system (CNS) development is characterized by dynamic changes in cell proliferation and differentiation. Key regulators of these transitions are the transcription factors such as SOX2 and SOX9. SOX2 is involved in the maintenance of progenitor cell state and neural stem cell multipotency, while SOX9, expressed in neurogenic niches, plays an important role in neuron/glia switch with predominant expression in astrocytes in the adult brain. (2) Methods: To validate SOX2 and SOX9 expression patterns in developing opossum (Monodelphis domestica) cortex, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the isotropic fractionator method on fixed cortical tissue from comparable postnatal ages, as well as dissociated primary neuronal cultures. (3) Results: Neurons positive for both neuronal (TUJ1 or NeuN) and stem cell (SOX2) markers were identified, and their presence was confirmed with all methods and postnatal age groups (P4-6, P6-18, and P30) analyzed. SOX9 showed exclusive staining in non-neuronal cells, and it was coexpressed with SOX2. (4) Conclusions: The persistence of SOX2 expression in developing cortical neurons of M. domestica during the first postnatal month implies the functional role of SOX2 during neuronal differentiation and maturation, which was not previously reported in opossums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinko Baričević
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Pongrac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Matea Ivaničić
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Helena Hreščak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Ivana Tomljanović
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonela Petrović
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Dan Cojoc
- CNR-IOM, Materials Foundry, National Research Council of Italy, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Miranda Mladinic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Jelena Ban
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.P.); (M.I.); (H.H.); (I.T.); (A.P.); (M.M.)
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14
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Xie Y, Harwell CC, Garcia ADR. Astrocyte Development in the Rodent. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 39:51-67. [PMID: 39190071 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-64839-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes have gained increasing recognition as key elements of a broad array of nervous system functions. These include essential roles in synapse formation and elimination, synaptic modulation, maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, energetic support, and neural repair after injury or disease of the nervous system. Nevertheless, our understanding of mechanisms underlying astrocyte development and maturation remains far behind that of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Early efforts to understand astrocyte development focused primarily on their specification from embryonic progenitors and the molecular mechanisms driving the switch from neuron to glial production. Considerably, less is known about postnatal stages of astrocyte development, the period during which they are predominantly generated and mature. Notably, this period is coincident with synapse formation and the emergence of nascent neural circuits. Thus, a greater understanding of astrocyte development is likely to shed new light on the formation and maturation of synapses and circuits. Here, we highlight key foundational principles of embryonic and postnatal astrocyte development, focusing largely on what is known from rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Denise R Garcia
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Frith TJR, Briscoe J, Boezio GLM. From signalling to form: the coordination of neural tube patterning. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 159:168-231. [PMID: 38729676 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate spinal cord involves the formation of the neural tube and the generation of multiple distinct cell types. The process starts during gastrulation, combining axial elongation with specification of neural cells and the formation of the neuroepithelium. Tissue movements produce the neural tube which is then exposed to signals that provide patterning information to neural progenitors. The intracellular response to these signals, via a gene regulatory network, governs the spatial and temporal differentiation of progenitors into specific cell types, facilitating the assembly of functional neuronal circuits. The interplay between the gene regulatory network, cell movement, and tissue mechanics generates the conserved neural tube pattern observed across species. In this review we offer an overview of the molecular and cellular processes governing the formation and patterning of the neural tube, highlighting how the remarkable complexity and precision of vertebrate nervous system arises. We argue that a multidisciplinary and multiscale understanding of the neural tube development, paired with the study of species-specific strategies, will be crucial to tackle the open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Briscoe
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Keeley PW, Trod S, Gamboa BN, Coffey PJ, Reese BE. Nfia Is Critical for AII Amacrine Cell Production: Selective Bipolar Cell Dependencies and Diminished ERG. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8367-8384. [PMID: 37775301 PMCID: PMC10711738 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1099-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor one (NFI) transcription factor genes Nfia, Nfib, and Nfix are all enriched in late-stage retinal progenitor cells, and their loss has been shown to retain these progenitors at the expense of later-generated retinal cell types. Whether they play any role in the specification of those later-generated fates is unknown, but the expression of one of these, Nfia, in a specific amacrine cell type may intimate such a role. Here, Nfia conditional knockout (Nfia-CKO) mice (both sexes) were assessed, finding a massive and largely selective absence of AII amacrine cells. There was, however, a partial reduction in type 2 cone bipolar cells (CBCs), being richly interconnected to AII cells. Counts of dying cells showed a significant increase in Nfia-CKO retinas at postnatal day (P)7, after AII cell numbers were already reduced but in advance of the loss of type 2 CBCs detected by P10. Those results suggest a role for Nfia in the specification of the AII amacrine cell fate and a dependency of the type 2 CBCs on them. Delaying the conditional loss of Nfia to the first postnatal week did not alter AII cell number nor differentiation, further suggesting that its role in AII cells is solely associated with their production. The physiological consequences of their loss were assessed using the ERG, finding the oscillatory potentials to be profoundly diminished. A slight reduction in the b-wave was also detected, attributed to an altered distribution of the terminals of rod bipolar cells, implicating a role of the AII amacrine cells in constraining their stratification.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The transcription factor NFIA is shown to play a critical role in the specification of a single type of retinal amacrine cell, the AII cell. Using an Nfia-conditional knockout mouse to eliminate this population of retinal neurons, we demonstrate two selective bipolar cell dependencies on the AII cells; the terminals of rod bipolar cells become mis-stratified in the inner plexiform layer, and one type of cone bipolar cell undergoes enhanced cell death. The physiological consequence of this loss of the AII cells was also assessed, finding the cells to be a major contributor to the oscillatory potentials in the electroretinogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Keeley
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
| | - Stephanie Trod
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
| | - Bruno N Gamboa
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
| | - Pete J Coffey
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
| | - Benjamin E Reese
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5060
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17
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Rowland ME, Jiang Y, Shafiq S, Ghahramani A, Pena-Ortiz MA, Dumeaux V, Bérubé NG. Systemic and intrinsic functions of ATRX in glial cell fate and CNS myelination in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7090. [PMID: 37925436 PMCID: PMC10625541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin, an extension of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane, wraps around axons to facilitate nerve conduction. Myelination is compromised in ATR-X intellectual disability syndrome patients, but the causes are unknown. We show that loss of ATRX leads to myelination deficits in male mice that are partially rectified upon systemic thyroxine administration. Targeted ATRX inactivation in either neurons or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) reveals OPC-intrinsic effects on myelination. OPCs lacking ATRX fail to differentiate along the oligodendrocyte lineage and acquire a more plastic state that favors astrocytic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. ATRX chromatin occupancy in OPCs greatly overlaps with that of the chromatin remodelers CHD7 and CHD8 as well as H3K27Ac, a mark of active enhancers. Overall, our data indicate that ATRX regulates the onset of myelination systemically via thyroxine, and by promoting OPC differentiation and suppressing astrogliogenesis. These functions of ATRX identified in mice could explain white matter pathogenesis observed in ATR-X syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rowland
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Division of Genetics & Development, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Jiang
- Children's Health Research Institute, Division of Genetics & Development, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarfraz Shafiq
- Children's Health Research Institute, Division of Genetics & Development, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alireza Ghahramani
- Children's Health Research Institute, Division of Genetics & Development, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Miguel A Pena-Ortiz
- Children's Health Research Institute, Division of Genetics & Development, London, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Dumeaux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie G Bérubé
- Children's Health Research Institute, Division of Genetics & Development, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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18
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Kong S, Chen TX, Jia XL, Cheng XL, Zeng ML, Liang JY, He XH, Yin J, Han S, Liu WH, Fan YT, Zhou T, Liu YM, Peng BW. Cell-specific NFIA upregulation promotes epileptogenesis by TRPV4-mediated astrocyte reactivity. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:247. [PMID: 37880726 PMCID: PMC10601220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit morphological and functional diversity in brain region-specific pattern. Functional alterations of reactive astrocytes are commonly present in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cases, meanwhile the neuroinflammation mediated by reactive astrocytes may advance the development of hippocampal epilepsy in animal models. Nuclear factor I-A (NFIA) may regulate astrocyte diversity in the adult brain. However, whether NFIA endows the astrocytes with regional specificity to be involved in epileptogenesis remains elusive. METHODS Here, we utilize an interference RNA targeting NFIA to explore the characteristics of NFIA expression and its role in astrocyte reactivity in a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced seizure model in vivo and in vitro. Combined with the employment of a HA-tagged plasmid overexpressing NFIA, we further investigate the precise mechanisms how NIFA facilitates epileptogenesis. RESULTS 4-AP-induced NFIA upregulation in hippocampal region is astrocyte-specific, and primarily promotes detrimental actions of reactive astrocyte. In line with this phenomenon, both NFIA and vanilloid transient receptor potential 4 (TRPV4) are upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes in human samples from the TLE surgical patients and mouse samples with intraperitoneal 4-AP. NFIA directly regulates mouse astrocytic TRPV4 expression while the quantity and the functional activity of TRPV4 are required for 4-AP-induced astrocyte reactivity and release of proinflammatory cytokines in the charge of NFIA upregulation. NFIA deficiency efficiently inhibits 4-AP-induced TRPV4 upregulation, weakens astrocytic calcium activity and specific astrocyte reactivity, thereby mitigating aberrant neuronal discharges and neuronal damage, and suppressing epileptic seizure. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover the critical role of NFIA in astrocyte reactivity and illustrate how epileptogenic brain injury initiates cell-specific signaling pathway to dictate the astrocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Kong
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao-Xiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Jia
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Lei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Liu Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Yi Liang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Hong Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Teng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, 430040, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Chen H, Zheng K, Qiu M, Yang J. Preparation of astrocytes by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and somatic cell transdifferentiation. Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:282-292. [PMID: 37789524 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes (ACs) are the most widely distributed cells in the mammalian central nervous system, which are essential for the function and homeostasis of nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates that ACs also participate in the development of many neurological diseases and repair after nerve injury. ACs cultured in vitro provide a cellular model for studying astrocytic development, function, and the pathogenesis of associated diseases. The preparation of primary ACs (pACs) faces many limitations, so it is important to obtain high-quality ACs by the differentiation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) or somatic cell transdifferentiation. Initially, researchers mainly tried to induce embryonic stem cells to differentiate into ACs via embryoid body (EB) and then turned to employ induced PSCs as seed cells to explore more simple and efficient directed differentiation strategies, and serum-free culture was delved to improve the quality of induced ACs. While exploring the induction of ACs by the overexpression of AC-specific transcription factors, researchers also began to investigate small molecule-mediated somatic cell transdifferentiation. Here, we provide an updated review on the research progresses in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjie Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Frazel PW, Labib D, Fisher T, Brosh R, Pirjanian N, Marchildon A, Boeke JD, Fossati V, Liddelow SA. Longitudinal scRNA-seq analysis in mouse and human informs optimization of rapid mouse astrocyte differentiation protocols. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1726-1738. [PMID: 37697111 PMCID: PMC10763608 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Macroglia (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) are required for normal development and function of the central nervous system, yet many questions remain about their emergence during the development of the brain and spinal cord. Here we used single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq/snRNA-seq) to analyze over 298,000 cells and nuclei during macroglia differentiation from mouse embryonic and human-induced pluripotent stem cells. We computationally identify candidate genes involved in the fate specification of glia in both species and report heterogeneous expression of astrocyte surface markers across differentiating cells. We then used our transcriptomic data to optimize a previous mouse astrocyte differentiation protocol, decreasing the overall protocol length and complexity. Finally, we used multi-omic, dual single-nuclei (sn)RNA-seq/snATAC-seq analysis to uncover potential genomic regulatory sites mediating glial differentiation. These datasets will enable future optimization of glial differentiation protocols and provide insight into human glial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Frazel
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - David Labib
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Theodore Fisher
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ran Brosh
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nicolette Pirjanian
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anne Marchildon
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Fossati
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
- Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
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21
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Sarrafha L, Neavin DR, Parfitt GM, Kruglikov IA, Whitney K, Reyes R, Coccia E, Kareva T, Goldman C, Tipon R, Croft G, Crary JF, Powell JE, Blanchard J, Ahfeldt T. Novel human pluripotent stem cell-derived hypothalamus organoids demonstrate cellular diversity. iScience 2023; 26:107525. [PMID: 37646018 PMCID: PMC10460991 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that plays an important role in regulating body functions and behaviors. There is a growing interest in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for modeling diseases that affect the hypothalamus. Here, we established an hPSC-derived hypothalamus organoid differentiation protocol to model the cellular diversity of this brain region. Using an hPSC line with a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-TdTomato reporter for dopaminergic neurons (DNs) and other TH-expressing cells, we interrogated DN-specific pathways and functions in electrophysiologically active hypothalamus organoids. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed diverse neuronal and non-neuronal cell types in mature hypothalamus organoids. We identified several molecularly distinct hypothalamic DN subtypes that demonstrated different developmental maturities. Our in vitro 3D hypothalamus differentiation protocol can be used to study the development of this critical brain structure and can be applied to disease modeling to generate novel therapeutic approaches for disorders centered around the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Sarrafha
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Drew R. Neavin
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gustavo M. Parfitt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Kristen Whitney
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Coccia
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tatyana Kareva
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Camille Goldman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Regine Tipon
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Gist Croft
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - John F. Crary
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joel Blanchard
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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22
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Changmeng Z, Hongfei W, Cheung MCH, Chan YS, Shea GKH. Revealing the developmental origin and lineage predilection of neural progenitors within human bone marrow via single-cell analysis: implications for regenerative medicine. Genome Med 2023; 15:66. [PMID: 37667405 PMCID: PMC10476295 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are an easily accessible and expandable progenitor population with the capacity to generate neural cell types in addition to mesoderm. Lineage tracing studies in transgenic animals have indicated Nestin + BMSCs to be descended from the truncal neural crest. Single-cell analysis provides a means to identify the developmental origin and identity of human BMSC-derived neural progenitors when lineage tracing remains infeasible. This is a prerequisite towards translational application. METHODS We attained transcriptomic profiles of embryonic long bone, adult human bone marrow, cultured BMSCs and BMSC-derived neurospheres. Integrated scRNAseq analysis was supplemented by characterization of cells during culture expansion and following provision of growth factors and signalling agonists to bias lineage. RESULTS Reconstructed pseudotime upon the integrated dataset indicated distinct neural and osteogenic differentiation trajectories. The starting state towards the neural differentiation trajectory consisted of Nestin + /MKI67 + BMSCs, which could also be diverted towards the osteogenic trajectory via a branch point. Nestin + /PDGFRA + BMSCs responded to neurosphere culture conditions to generate a subpopulation of cells with a neuronal phenotype according to marker expression and gene ontogeny analysis that occupied the end state along the neural differentiation trajectory. Reconstructed pseudotime also revealed an upregulation of BMP4 expression during culture of BMSC-neurospheres. This provided the rationale for culture supplementation with the BMP signalling agonist SB4, which directed progenitors to upregulate Pax6 and downregulate Nestin. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested BMSCs originating from truncal neural crest to be the source of cells within long bone marrow possessing neural differentiation potential. Unravelling the transcriptomic dynamics of BMSC-derived neural progenitors promises to enhance differentiation efficiency and safety towards clinical application in cell therapy and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Changmeng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wang Hongfei
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Martin Chi-Hang Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Graham Ka-Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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23
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Zhang L, Bordey A. Advances in glioma models using in vivo electroporation to highjack neurodevelopmental processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188951. [PMID: 37433417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent type of neurological malignancies. Despite decades of efforts in neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, glioma remains one of the most treatment-resistant brain tumors with unfavorable outcomes. Recent progresses in genomic and epigenetic profiling have revealed new concepts of genetic events involved in the etiology of gliomas in humans, meanwhile, revolutionary technologies in gene editing and delivery allows to code these genetic "events" in animals to genetically engineer glioma models. This approach models the initiation and progression of gliomas in a natural microenvironment with an intact immune system and facilitates probing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on recent advances in in vivo electroporation-based glioma modeling and outline the established genetically engineered glioma models (GEGMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Changde hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 818 Renmin Street, Wuling District, Changde, Hunan 415003, China; Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China; Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA.
| | - Angelique Bordey
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
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24
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Jovanovic VM, Weber C, Slamecka J, Ryu S, Chu PH, Sen C, Inman J, De Sousa JF, Barnaeva E, Hirst M, Galbraith D, Ormanoglu P, Jethmalani Y, Mercado JC, Michael S, Ward ME, Simeonov A, Voss TC, Tristan CA, Singeç I. A defined roadmap of radial glia and astrocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1701-1720. [PMID: 37451260 PMCID: PMC10444578 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gliogenesis remains poorly understood, and derivation of astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is inefficient and cumbersome. Here, we report controlled glial differentiation from hPSCs that bypasses neurogenesis, which otherwise precedes astrogliogenesis during brain development and in vitro differentiation. hPSCs were first differentiated into radial glial cells (RGCs) resembling resident RGCs of the fetal telencephalon, and modulation of specific cell signaling pathways resulted in direct and stepwise induction of key astroglial markers (NFIA, NFIB, SOX9, CD44, S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]). Transcriptomic and genome-wide epigenetic mapping and single-cell analysis confirmed RGC-to-astrocyte differentiation, obviating neurogenesis and the gliogenic switch. Detailed molecular and cellular characterization experiments uncovered new mechanisms and markers for human RGCs and astrocytes. In summary, establishment of a glia-exclusive neural lineage progression model serves as a unique serum-free platform of manufacturing large numbers of RGCs and astrocytes for neuroscience, disease modeling (e.g., Alexander disease), and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vukasin M Jovanovic
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Claire Weber
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Seungmi Ryu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Chaitali Sen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jason Inman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Juliana Ferreira De Sousa
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Pinar Ormanoglu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yogita Jethmalani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jennifer Colon Mercado
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ty C Voss
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Carlos A Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation, Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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25
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Baranes K, Hastings N, Rahman S, Poulin N, Tavares JM, Kuan W, Syed N, Kunz M, Blighe K, Belgard TG, Kotter MRN. Transcription factor combinations that define human astrocyte identity encode significant variation of maturity and function. Glia 2023; 71:1870-1889. [PMID: 37029764 PMCID: PMC10952910 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that cellular identity can be reduced to the distinct gene regulatory networks controlled by transcription factors (TFs). However, redundancy exists in these states as different combinations of TFs can induce broadly similar cell types. We previously demonstrated that by overcoming gene silencing, it is possible to deterministically reprogram human pluripotent stem cells directly into cell types of various lineages. In the present study we leverage the consistency and precision of our approach to explore four different TF combinations encoding astrocyte identity, based on previously published reports. Analysis of the resulting induced astrocytes (iAs) demonstrated that all four cassettes generate cells with the typical morphology of in vitro astrocytes, which expressed astrocyte-specific markers. The transcriptional profiles of all four iAs clustered tightly together and displayed similarities with mature human astrocytes, although maturity levels differed between cells. Importantly, we found that the TF cassettes induced iAs with distinct differences with regards to their cytokine response and calcium signaling. In vivo transplantation of selected iAs into immunocompromised rat brains demonstrated long term stability and integration. In conclusion, all four TF combinations were able to induce stable astrocyte-like cells that were morphologically similar but showed subtle differences with respect to their transcriptome. These subtle differences translated into distinct differences with regards to cell function, that could be related to maturation state and/or regional identity of the resulting cells. This insight opens an opportunity to precision-engineer cells to meet functional requirements, for example, in the context of therapeutic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koby Baranes
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Nataly Hastings
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Noah Poulin
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Joana M. Tavares
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Wei‐Li Kuan
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
| | - Najeeb Syed
- The Bioinformatics CROSanfordFlorida32771USA
| | - Meik Kunz
- The Bioinformatics CROSanfordFlorida32771USA
| | | | | | - Mark R. N. Kotter
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
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26
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Voss AJ, Lanjewar SN, Sampson MM, King A, Hill EJ, Sing A, Sojka C, Bhatia TN, Spangle JM, Sloan SA. Identification of ligand-receptor pairs that drive human astrocyte development. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1339-1351. [PMID: 37460808 PMCID: PMC11046429 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Extrinsic signaling between diverse cell types is crucial for nervous system development. Ligand binding is a key driver of developmental processes. Nevertheless, it remains a significant challenge to disentangle which and how extrinsic signals act cooperatively to affect changes in recipient cells. In the developing human brain, cortical progenitors transition from neurogenesis to gliogenesis in a stereotyped sequence that is in part influenced by extrinsic ligands. Here we used published transcriptomic data to identify and functionally test five ligand-receptor pairs that synergistically drive human astrogenesis. We validate the synergistic contributions of TGFβ2, NLGN1, TSLP, DKK1 and BMP4 ligands on astrocyte development in both hCOs and primary fetal tissue. We confirm that the cooperative capabilities of these five ligands are greater than their individual capacities. Additionally, we discovered that their combinatorial effects converge in part on the mTORC1 signaling pathway, resulting in transcriptomic and morphological features of astrocyte development. Our data-driven framework can leverage single-cell and bulk genomic data to generate and test functional hypotheses surrounding cell-cell communication regulating neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Voss
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samantha N Lanjewar
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maureen M Sampson
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexia King
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily J Hill
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anson Sing
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caitlin Sojka
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Spangle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven A Sloan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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27
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Nguyen TT, Camp CR, Doan JK, Traynelis SF, Sloan SA, Hall RA. GPR37L1 controls maturation and organization of cortical astrocytes during development. Glia 2023; 71:1921-1946. [PMID: 37029775 PMCID: PMC10315172 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte maturation is crucial to proper brain development and function. This maturation process includes the ramification of astrocytic morphology and the establishment of astrocytic domains. While this process has been well-studied, the mechanisms by which astrocyte maturation is initiated are not well understood. GPR37L1 is an astrocyte-specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is predominantly expressed in mature astrocytes and has been linked to the modulation of seizure susceptibility in both humans and mice. To investigate the role of GPR37L1 in astrocyte biology, RNA-seq analyses were performed on astrocytes immunopanned from P7 Gpr37L1-/- knockout (L1KO) mouse cortex and compared to those from wild-type (WT) mouse cortex. These RNA-seq studies revealed that pathways involved in central nervous system development were altered and that L1KO cortical astrocytes express lower amounts of mature astrocytic genes compared to WT astrocytes. Immunohistochemical studies of astrocytes from L1KO mouse brain revealed that these astrocytes exhibit overall shorter total process length, and are also less complex and spaced further apart from each other in the mouse cortex. This work sheds light on how GPR37L1 regulates cellular processes involved in the control of astrocyte biology and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad R. Camp
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Juleva K. Doan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Stephen F. Traynelis
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Steven A. Sloan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics
| | - Randy A. Hall
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
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28
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Lu R, Tang P, Zhang D, Lin S, Li H, Feng X, Sun M, Zhang H. SOX9/NFIA promotes human ovarian cancer metastasis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154602. [PMID: 37315400 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To our knowledge, Sex-determining Region Y box 9 (SOX9) has been in connection with a wide range of human cancers. Nevertheless, there remains uncertainty regarding SOX9's role in metastasizing ovarian cancer. In our study, SOX9 was investigated in relation to tumor metastasis in ovarian cancer as well as its potential molecular mechanisms. First, we exhibited an apparent higher expression of SOX9 in ovarian cancer tissues and cells than in normative ones, and the prognosis of patients whose SOX9 levels were high was markedly lower than that of patients whose SOX9 levels were low. Besides, highly expressed SOX9 was correlated with high grade serous carcinoma, poor tumor differentiation, high serum CA125 and lymph node metastasis. Second, SOX9 knockdown exhibited striking inhibition of the migration and invasive ability of ovarian cancer cells, whereas SOX9 overexpression had an inverse role. At the same time, SOX9 could promote ovarian cancer intraperitoneal metastasis in a nude mice in the vivo. In a similar way, SOX9 knockdown dramatically decreased the expression of nuclear factor I-A (NFIA), β-catenin as well as N-cadherin but had an increased in E-cadherin expression, as opposed to the results when SOX9 was overexpressed. Furthermore, NFIA silencing inhibited the expression of NFIA, β-catenin and N-cadherin, in the same way that E-cadherin expression was promoted. In conclusion, this study shows that SOX9 has a promotional effect on human ovarian cancer and that SOX9 promotes the metastasis of tumors by upregulating NFIA and activating on a Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. SOX9 could be a novel focus for earlier diagnosis, therapy and prospective evaluation in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004 Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No.60, Huaihai Road (S.), Huai'an 223002 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223003 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223003 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No.60, Huaihai Road (S.), Huai'an 223002 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No.60, Huaihai Road (S.), Huai'an 223002 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No.60, Huaihai Road (S.), Huai'an 223002 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meiling Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No.60, Huaihai Road (S.), Huai'an 223002 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004 Jiangsu Province, China.
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29
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Si S, Zhang X, Yu Y, Zhang X, Zhong X, Yuan J, Yang S, Li F. Structure and function analyses of the Mmd2 gene in pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Genet 2023; 14:1151193. [PMID: 37485334 PMCID: PMC10361620 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1151193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor 2 gene (Mmd2) encodes a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and plays a key role in growth and development. Our previous studies had found Mmd2 (Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor 2) is a new candidate gene for growth traits in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). For the purpose of understanding the underlying mechanism of LvMmd2 affecting the growth of shrimp, we analyzed the gene structure, phylogeny, expression profiles and RNA interference of this gene in L. vannamei. We found the LvMmd2 gene sequence was highly conserved in transmembrane regions, it was widely expressed in different tissues, with the highest expression level in the eye stalk. Knockdown LvMmd2 could significantly promote body length and body weight gain, suggesting it is a growth suppressor. Through transcriptome analysis we identified 422 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the dsMmd2 group and control group, among which 337 genes were upregulated in the dsMmd2 group, including numerous muscle-related genes and protein synthesis genes. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that growth, metabolism, and immune-related signal pathway had changed significantly. The above results greatly increase our understanding on the conservative structure and function of LvMmd2 gene, and provide potential application prospects in genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Si
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhong
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Life and Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Liu JA, Tam KW, Chen YL, Feng X, Chan CWL, Lo ALH, Wu KLK, Hui MN, Wu MH, Chan KKK, Cheung MPL, Cheung CW, Shum DKY, Chan YS, Cheung M. Transplanting Human Neural Stem Cells with ≈50% Reduction of SOX9 Gene Dosage Promotes Tissue Repair and Functional Recovery from Severe Spinal Cord Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205804. [PMID: 37296073 PMCID: PMC10369238 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are considered a major cell source for reconstructing damaged neural circuitry and enabling axonal regeneration. However, the microenvironment at the site of spinal cord injury (SCI) and inadequate intrinsic factors limit the therapeutic potential of transplanted NSCs. Here, it is shown that half dose of SOX9 in hPSCs-derived NSCs (hNSCs) results in robust neuronal differentiation bias toward motor neuron lineage. The enhanced neurogenic potency is partly attributed to the reduction of glycolysis. These neurogenic and metabolic properties retain after transplantation of hNSCs with reduced SOX9 expression in a contusive SCI rat model without the need for growth factor-enriched matrices. Importantly, the grafts exhibit excellent integration properties, predominantly differentiate into motor neurons, reduce glial scar matrix accumulation to facilitate long-distance axon growth and neuronal connectivity with the host as well as dramatically improve locomotor and somatosensory function in recipient animals. These results demonstrate that hNSCs with half SOX9 gene dosage can overcome extrinsic and intrinsic barriers, representing a powerful therapeutic potential for transplantation treatments for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aijia Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Neuroscience, Tat Chee Avenue, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Wai Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Long Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianglan Feng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy Wing Lam Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Tat Chee Avenue, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos Lok Hang Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Lap-Kei Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Ning Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Hoi Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Kwok-Keung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - May Pui Lai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daisy Kwok-Yan Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Cheng YT, Luna-Figueroa E, Woo J, Chen HC, Lee ZF, Harmanci AS, Deneen B. Inhibitory input directs astrocyte morphogenesis through glial GABA BR. Nature 2023; 617:369-376. [PMID: 37100909 PMCID: PMC10733939 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Communication between neurons and glia has an important role in establishing and maintaining higher-order brain function1. Astrocytes are endowed with complex morphologies, placing their peripheral processes in close proximity to neuronal synapses and directly contributing to their regulation of brain circuits2-4. Recent studies have shown that excitatory neuronal activity promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation5-7; whether inhibitory neurotransmission regulates astrocyte morphogenesis during development is unclear. Here we show that inhibitory neuron activity is necessary and sufficient for astrocyte morphogenesis. We found that input from inhibitory neurons functions through astrocytic GABAB receptor (GABABR) and that its deletion in astrocytes results in a loss of morphological complexity across a host of brain regions and disruption of circuit function. Expression of GABABR in developing astrocytes is regulated in a region-specific manner by SOX9 or NFIA and deletion of these transcription factors results in region-specific defects in astrocyte morphogenesis, which is conferred by interactions with transcription factors exhibiting region-restricted patterns of expression. Together, our studies identify input from inhibitory neurons and astrocytic GABABR as universal regulators of morphogenesis, while further revealing a combinatorial code of region-specific transcriptional dependencies for astrocyte development that is intertwined with activity-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Cheng
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estefania Luna-Figueroa
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chen
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer Cell Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhung-Fu Lee
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Development, Disease, Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akdes Serin Harmanci
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Cancer Cell Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Development, Disease, Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Wei Y, Li G, Feng J, Wu F, Zhao Z, Bao Z, Zhang W, Su X, Li J, Qi X, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Vega SF, Jakola AS, Sun Y, Carén H, Jiang T, Fan X. Stalled oligodendrocyte differentiation in IDH-mutant gliomas. Genome Med 2023; 15:24. [PMID: 37055795 PMCID: PMC10103394 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly 50% of adult gliomas harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. According to the 2021 WHO classification guideline, these gliomas are diagnosed as astrocytomas, harboring no 1p19q co-deletion, or oligodendrogliomas, harboring 1p19q co-deletion. Recent studies report that IDH-mutant gliomas share a common developmental hierarchy. However, the neural lineages and differentiation stages in IDH-mutant gliomas remain inadequately characterized. METHODS Using bulk transcriptomes and single-cell transcriptomes, we identified genes enriched in IDH-mutant gliomas with or without 1p19q co-deletion, we also assessed the expression pattern of stage-specific signatures and key regulators of oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation. We compared the expression of oligodendrocyte lineage stage-specific markers between quiescent and proliferating malignant single cells. The gene expression profiles were validated using RNAscope analysis and myelin staining and were further substantiated using data of DNA methylation and single-cell ATAC-seq. As a control, we assessed the expression pattern of astrocyte lineage markers. RESULTS Genes concordantly enriched in both subtypes of IDH-mutant gliomas are upregulated in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). Signatures of early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage and key regulators of OPC specification and maintenance are enriched in all IDH-mutant gliomas. In contrast, signature of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, myelination regulators, and myelin components are significantly down-regulated or absent in IDH-mutant gliomas. Further, single-cell transcriptomes of IDH-mutant gliomas are similar to OPC and differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte progenitors, but not to myelinating oligodendrocyte. Most IDH-mutant glioma cells are quiescent; quiescent cells and proliferating cells resemble the same differentiation stage of oligodendrocyte lineage. Mirroring the gene expression profiles along the oligodendrocyte lineage, analyses of DNA methylation and single-cell ATAC-seq data demonstrate that genes of myelination regulators and myelin components are hypermethylated and show inaccessible chromatin status, whereas regulators of OPC specification and maintenance are hypomethylated and show open chromatin status. Markers of astrocyte precursors are not enriched in IDH-mutant gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Our studies show that despite differences in clinical manifestation and genomic alterations, all IDH-mutant gliomas resemble early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage and are stalled in oligodendrocyte differentiation due to blocked myelination program. These findings provide a framework to accommodate biological features and therapy development for IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wei
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Xueling Qi
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zejun Duan
- Department of Pathology, San Bo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunqiu Zhang
- Center of Growth Metabolism & Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sandra Ferreyra Vega
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asgeir Store Jakola
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 41390, Sweden
| | - Yingyu Sun
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA), Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Department of Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, School of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA), Beijing, 100070, China.
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Deng J, Zhang J, Gao K, Zhou L, Jiang Y, Wang J, Wu Y. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoid of leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1049-1066. [PMID: 36650674 PMCID: PMC10018084 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM) is a rare autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy resulting from mutations in EIF2B1-5, which encode subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). Studies have found that eIF2B mutation has a certain influence on embryonic brain development. So far, the effect of the eIF2B mutations on the dynamic process of brain development is not fully understood yet. AIMS Three-dimensional brain organoid technology has promoted the study of human nervous system developmental diseases in recent years, providing a potential platform for elucidating the pathological mechanism of neurodevelopmental diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of eIF2B mutation on the differentiation and development of different nerve cells during dynamic brain development process using 3D brain organoids. RESULTS We constructed eIF2B mutant and wild-type brain organoid model with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). Compared with the wild type, the mutant brain organoids were significantly smaller, accompanied by increase in apoptosis, which might be resulted from overactivation of unfolded protein response (UPR). Neuronal development was delayed in early stage, but with normal superficial neuronal differentiation in later stage. eIF2B mutations resulted in immature astrocytes with increased expression of GFAPδ, nestin, and αB-crystallin, and there were increased oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, decreased mature oligodendrocytes, and sparse myelin in mutant cerebral organoids in the later stage. CONCLUSION we constructed the first eIF2B mutant cerebral organoids to explore the dynamic brain development process, which provides a platform for further research on the specific pathogenesis of VWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Markey KM, Saunders JC, Smuts J, von Reyn CR, Garcia ADR. Astrocyte development—More questions than answers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1063843. [PMID: 37051466 PMCID: PMC10083403 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1063843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The past 15–20 years has seen a remarkable shift in our understanding of astrocyte contributions to central nervous system (CNS) function. Astrocytes have emerged from the shadows of neuroscience and are now recognized as key elements in a broad array of CNS functions. Astrocytes comprise a substantial fraction of cells in the human CNS. Nevertheless, fundamental questions surrounding their basic biology remain poorly understood. While recent studies have revealed a diversity of essential roles in CNS function, from synapse formation and function to blood brain barrier maintenance, fundamental mechanisms of astrocyte development, including their expansion, migration, and maturation, remain to be elucidated. The coincident development of astrocytes and synapses highlights the need to better understand astrocyte development and will facilitate novel strategies for addressing neurodevelopmental and neurological dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of astrocyte development, focusing primarily on mammalian astrocytes and highlight outstanding questions that remain to be addressed. We also include an overview of Drosophila glial development, emphasizing astrocyte-like glia given their close anatomical and functional association with synapses. Drosophila offer an array of sophisticated molecular genetic tools and they remain a powerful model for elucidating fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms governing astrocyte development. Understanding the parallels and distinctions between astrocyte development in Drosophila and vertebrates will enable investigators to leverage the strengths of each model system to gain new insights into astrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Markey
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Jana Smuts
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Catherine R. von Reyn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A. Denise R. Garcia
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: A. Denise R. Garcia,
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35
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Cheng YT, Luna-Figueroa E, Woo J, Chen HC, Lee ZF, Harmanci AS, Deneen B. Inhibitory input directs astrocyte morphogenesis through glial GABA B R. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532493. [PMID: 36993256 PMCID: PMC10054985 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Communication between neurons and glia plays an important role in establishing and maintaining higher order brain function. Astrocytes are endowed with complex morphologies which places their peripheral processes in close proximity to neuronal synapses and directly contributes to their regulation of brain circuits. Recent studies have shown that excitatory neuronal activity promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation; whether inhibitory neurotransmission regulates astrocyte morphogenesis during development is unknown. Here we show that inhibitory neuron activity is necessary and sufficient for astrocyte morphogenesis. We found that input from inhibitory neurons functions through astrocytic GABA B R and that its deletion in astrocytes results in a loss of morphological complexity across a host of brain regions and disruption of circuit function. Expression of GABA B R in developing astrocytes is regulated in a region-specific manner by SOX9 or NFIA and deletion of these transcription factors results in region-specific defects in astrocyte morphogenesis, which is conferred by interactions with transcription factors exhibiting region-restricted patterns of expression. Together our studies identify input from inhibitory neurons and astrocytic GABA B R as universal regulators of morphogenesis, while further revealing a combinatorial code of region-specific transcriptional dependencies for astrocyte development that is intertwined with activity-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Cheng
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
| | - Estefania Luna-Figueroa
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chen
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Cancer Cell Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
| | - Zhung-Fu Lee
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Development, Disease, Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Akdes Serin Harmanci
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Development, Disease, Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Cancer Cell Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
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36
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Santo M, Rigoldi L, Falcone C, Tuccillo M, Calabrese M, Martínez-Cerdeño V, Mallamaci A. Spatial control of astrogenesis progression by cortical arealization genes. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3107-3123. [PMID: 35818636 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sizes of neuronal, astroglial and oligodendroglial complements forming the neonatal cerebral cortex largely depend on rates at which pallial stem cells give rise to lineage-committed progenitors and the latter ones progress to mature cell types. Here, we investigated the spatial articulation of pallial stem cells' (SCs) commitment to astrogenesis as well as the progression of committed astroglial progenitors (APs) to differentiated astrocytes, by clonal and kinetic profiling of pallial precursors. We found that caudal-medial (CM) SCs are more prone to astrogenesis than rostro-lateral (RL) ones, while RL-committed APs are more keen to proliferate than CM ones. Next, we assessed the control of these phenomena by 2 key transcription factor genes mastering regionalization of the early cortical primordium, Emx2 and Foxg1, via lentiviral somatic transgenesis, epistasis assays, and ad hoc rescue assays. We demonstrated that preferential CM SCs progression to astrogenesis is promoted by Emx2, mainly via Couptf1, Nfia, and Sox9 upregulation, while Foxg1 antagonizes such progression to some extent, likely via repression of Zbtb20. Finally, we showed that Foxg1 and Emx2 may be implicated-asymmetrically and antithetically-in shaping distinctive proliferative/differentiative behaviors displayed by APs in hippocampus and neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Santo
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Department of Neuroscience, SISSA, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Rigoldi
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Department of Neuroscience, SISSA, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carmen Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4400 V St, CA-95817 Sacramento, USA
| | - Mariacarmine Tuccillo
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Department of Neuroscience, SISSA, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Calabrese
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Department of Neuroscience, SISSA, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4400 V St, CA-95817 Sacramento, USA
| | - Antonello Mallamaci
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development, Department of Neuroscience, SISSA, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
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37
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Mukherjee P, Peng CY, McGuire T, Hwang JW, Puritz CH, Pathak N, Patino CA, Braun R, Kessler JA, Espinosa HD. Single cell transcriptomics reveals reduced stress response in stem cells manipulated using localized electric fields. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100601. [PMID: 37063248 PMCID: PMC10102005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane disruption using Bulk Electroporation (BEP) is a widely used non-viral method for delivering biomolecules into cells. Recently, its microfluidic counterpart, Localized Electroporation (LEP), has been successfully used for several applications ranging from reprogramming and engineering cells for therapeutic purposes to non-destructive sampling from live cells for temporal analysis. However, the side effects of these processes on gene expression, that can affect the physiology of sensitive stem cells are not well understood. Here, we use single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the effects of BEP and LEP on murine neural stem cell (NSC) gene expression. Our results indicate that unlike BEP, LEP does not lead to extensive cell death or activation of cell stress response pathways that may affect their long-term physiology. Additionally, our demonstrations show that LEP is suitable for multi-day delivery protocols as it enables better preservation of cell viability and integrity as compared to BEP.
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38
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Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Regulation of Neurodevelopment by miR-124. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3569-3583. [PMID: 36840845 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
miR-124 is a miRNA predominantly expressed in the nervous system and accounts for more than a quarter of the total miRNAs in the brain. It regulates neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, neuronal maturation, and synapse formation and is the most important miRNA in the brain. Furthermore, emerging evidence has suggested miR-124 may be associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the role of miR-124 in neurodevelopment and the underling mechanisms, and finally, we prospect the significance of miR-124 research to the field of neuroscience.
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Selcen I, Prentice E, Casaccia P. The epigenetic landscape of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:24-41. [PMID: 36740586 PMCID: PMC10085863 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic landscape of oligodendrocyte lineage cells refers to the cell-specific modifications of DNA, chromatin, and RNA that define a unique gene expression pattern of functionally specialized cells. Here, we focus on the epigenetic changes occurring as progenitors differentiate into myelin-forming cells and respond to the local environment. First, modifications of DNA, RNA, nucleosomal histones, key principles of chromatin organization, topologically associating domains, and local remodeling will be reviewed. Then, the relationship between epigenetic modulators and RNA processing will be explored. Finally, the reciprocal relationship between the epigenome as a determinant of the mechanical properties of cell nuclei and the target of mechanotransduction will be discussed. The overall goal is to provide an interpretative key on how epigenetic changes may account for the heterogeneity of the transcriptional profiles identified in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Selcen
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Prentice
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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40
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Reyes-Ortiz AM, Abud EM, Burns MS, Wu J, Hernandez SJ, McClure N, Wang KQ, Schulz CJ, Miramontes R, Lau A, Michael N, Miyoshi E, Van Vactor D, Reidling JC, Blurton-Jones M, Swarup V, Poon WW, Lim RG, Thompson LM. Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis of Huntington disease iPSC and mouse astrocytes implicates maturation and functional deficits. iScience 2023; 26:105732. [PMID: 36590162 PMCID: PMC9800269 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by expanded CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene that alters cellular homeostasis, particularly in the striatum and cortex. Astrocyte signaling that establishes and maintains neuronal functions are often altered under pathological conditions. We performed single-nuclei RNA-sequencing on human HD patient-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and on striatal and cortical tissue from R6/2 HD mice to investigate high-resolution HD astrocyte cell state transitions. We observed altered maturation and glutamate signaling in HD human and mouse astrocytes. Human HD astrocytes also showed upregulated actin-mediated signaling, suggesting that some states may be cell-autonomous and human specific. In both species, astrogliogenesis transcription factors may drive HD astrocyte maturation deficits, which are supported by rescued climbing deficits in HD drosophila with NFIA knockdown. Thus, dysregulated HD astrocyte states may induce dysfunctional astrocytic properties, in part due to maturation deficits influenced by astrogliogenesis transcription factor dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Reyes-Ortiz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Edsel M. Abud
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Mara S. Burns
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Sarah J. Hernandez
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Nicolette McClure
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Keona Q. Wang
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Corey J. Schulz
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Ricardo Miramontes
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Alice Lau
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Neethu Michael
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Emily Miyoshi
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - David Van Vactor
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John C. Reidling
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Wayne W. Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Ryan G. Lim
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Leslie M. Thompson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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41
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Lopez-Rodriguez D, Rohrbach A, Lanzillo M, Gervais M, Croizier S, Langlet F. Ontogeny of ependymoglial cells lining the third ventricle in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1073759. [PMID: 36686420 PMCID: PMC9849764 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1073759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During hypothalamic development, the germinative neuroepithelium gives birth to diverse neural cells that regulate numerous physiological functions in adulthood. Methods Here, we studied the ontogeny of ependymal cells in the mouse mediobasal hypothalamus using the BrdU approach and publicly available single-cell RNAseq datasets. Results We observed that while typical ependymal cells are mainly produced at E13, tanycyte birth depends on time and subtypes and lasts up to P8. Typical ependymocytes and β tanycytes are the first to arise at the top and bottom of the dorsoventral axis around E13, whereas α tanycytes emerge later in development, generating an outside-in dorsoventral gradient along the third ventricle. Additionally, α tanycyte generation displayed a rostral-to-caudal pattern. Finally, tanycytes mature progressively until they reach transcriptional maturity between P4 and P14. Discussion Altogether, this data shows that ependyma generation differs in time and distribution, highlighting the heterogeneity of the third ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Lanzillo
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manon Gervais
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Croizier
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Langlet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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42
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Abaffy T, Lu HY, Matsunami H. Sex steroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, and the effects on the mammalian olfactory system. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:19-42. [PMID: 36401093 PMCID: PMC9676892 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones influence olfactory-mediated social behaviors, and it is generally hypothesized that these effects result from circulating hormones and/or neurosteroids synthesized in the brain. However, it is unclear whether sex steroid hormones are synthesized in the olfactory epithelium or the olfactory bulb, and if they can modulate the activity of the olfactory sensory neurons. Here, we review important discoveries related to the metabolism of sex steroids in the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, along with potential areas of future research. We summarize current knowledge regarding the expression, neuroanatomical distribution, and biological activity of the steroidogenic enzymes, sex steroid receptors, and proteins that are important to the metabolism of these hormones and reflect on their potential to influence early olfactory processing. We also review evidence related to the effects of sex steroid hormones on the development and activity of olfactory sensory neurons. By better understanding how these hormones are metabolized and how they act both at the periphery and olfactory bulb level, we can better appreciate the complexity of the olfactory system and discover potential similarities and differences in early olfactory processing between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Abaffy
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Hsiu-Yi Lu
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Hiroaki Matsunami
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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43
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Cristobal CD, Lee HK. Development of myelinating glia: An overview. Glia 2022; 70:2237-2259. [PMID: 35785432 PMCID: PMC9561084 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myelin is essential to nervous system function, playing roles in saltatory conduction and trophic support. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) and Schwann cells (SCs) form myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems respectively and follow different developmental paths. OLs are neural stem-cell derived and follow an intrinsic developmental program resulting in a largely irreversible differentiation state. During embryonic development, OL precursor cells (OPCs) are produced in distinct waves originating from different locations in the central nervous system, with a subset developing into myelinating OLs. OPCs remain evenly distributed throughout life, providing a population of responsive, multifunctional cells with the capacity to remyelinate after injury. SCs derive from the neural crest, are highly dependent on extrinsic signals, and have plastic differentiation states. SC precursors (SCPs) are produced in early embryonic nerve structures and differentiate into multipotent immature SCs (iSCs), which initiate radial sorting and differentiate into myelinating and non-myelinating SCs. Differentiated SCs retain the capacity to radically change phenotypes in response to external signals, including becoming repair SCs, which drive peripheral regeneration. While several transcription factors and myelin components are common between OLs and SCs, their differentiation mechanisms are highly distinct, owing to their unique lineages and their respective environments. In addition, both OLs and SCs respond to neuronal activity and regulate nervous system output in reciprocal manners, possibly through different pathways. Here, we outline their basic developmental programs, mechanisms regulating their differentiation, and recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo D. Cristobal
- Integrative Program in Molecular and Biomedical SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Integrative Program in Molecular and Biomedical SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA,Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA,Department of NeuroscienceBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Age- and cell cycle-related expression patterns of transcription factors and cell cycle regulators in Müller glia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19584. [PMID: 36379991 PMCID: PMC9666513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Müller glia express transcription factors and cell cycle regulators essential for the function of retinal progenitors, indicating the latent neurogenic capacity; however, the role of these regulators remains unclear. To gain insights into the role of these regulators in Müller glia, we analyzed expression of transcription factors (Pax6, Vsx2 and Nfia) and cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1 and D3) in rodent Müller glia, focusing on their age- and cell cycle-related expression patterns. Expression of Pax6, Vsx2, Nfia and cyclin D3, but not cyclin D1, increased in Müller glia during development. Photoreceptor injury induced cell cycle-associated increase of Vsx2 and cyclin D1, but not Pax6, Nfia, and cyclin D3. In dissociated cultures, cell cycle-associated increase of Pax6 and Vsx2 was observed in Müller glia from P10 mice but not from P21 mice. Nfia levels were highly correlated with EdU incorporation suggesting their activation during S phase progression. Cyclin D1 and D3 were transiently upregulated in G1 phase but downregulated after S phase entry. Our findings revealed previously unknown links between cell cycle progression and regulator protein expression, which likely affect the cell fate decision of proliferating Müller glia.
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45
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von Knebel Doeberitz N, Paech D, Sturm D, Pusch S, Turcan S, Saunthararajah Y. Changing paradigms in oncology: Toward noncytotoxic treatments for advanced gliomas. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1431-1446. [PMID: 35603902 PMCID: PMC9474618 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glial-lineage malignancies (gliomas) recurrently mutate and/or delete the master regulators of apoptosis p53 and/or p16/CDKN2A, undermining apoptosis-intending (cytotoxic) treatments. By contrast to disrupted p53/p16, glioma cells are live-wired with the master transcription factor circuits that specify and drive glial lineage fates: these transcription factors activate early-glial and replication programs as expected, but fail in their other usual function of forcing onward glial lineage-maturation-late-glial genes have constitutively "closed" chromatin requiring chromatin-remodeling for activation-glioma-genesis disrupts several epigenetic components needed to perform this work, and simultaneously amplifies repressing epigenetic machinery instead. Pharmacologic inhibition of repressing epigenetic enzymes thus allows activation of late-glial genes and terminates glioma self-replication (self-replication = replication without lineage-maturation), independent of p53/p16/apoptosis. Lineage-specifying master transcription factors therefore contrast with p53/p16 in being enriched in self-replicating glioma cells, reveal a cause-effect relationship between aberrant epigenetic repression of late-lineage programs and malignant self-replication, and point to specific epigenetic targets for noncytotoxic glioma-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of RadiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of NeuroradiologyBonn University HospitalBonnGermany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology & ImmunologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of Pathology, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sevin Turcan
- Department of NeurologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology ResearchTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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Sharma V, Nehra S, Do LH, Ghosh A, Deshpande AJ, Singhal N. Biphasic cell cycle defect causes impaired neurogenesis in down syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:1007519. [PMID: 36313423 PMCID: PMC9596798 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired neurogenesis in Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by reduced neurons, increased glial cells, and delayed cortical lamination. However, the underlying cause for impaired neurogenesis in DS is not clear. Using both human and mouse iPSCs, we demonstrate that DS impaired neurogenesis is due to biphasic cell cycle dysregulation during the generation of neural progenitors from iPSCs named the “neurogenic stage” of neurogenesis. Upon neural induction, DS cells showed reduced proliferation during the early phase followed by increased proliferation in the late phase of the neurogenic stage compared to control cells. While reduced proliferation in the early phase causes reduced neural progenitor pool, increased proliferation in the late phase leads to delayed post mitotic neuron generation in DS. RNAseq analysis of late-phase DS progenitor cells revealed upregulation of S phase-promoting regulators, Notch, Wnt, Interferon pathways, and REST, and downregulation of several genes of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. NFIB and POU3F4, neurogenic genes activated by the interaction of PAX6 and the BAF complex, were downregulated in DS cells. ChIPseq analysis of late-phase neural progenitors revealed aberrant PAX6 binding with reduced promoter occupancy in DS cells. Together, these data indicate that impaired neurogenesis in DS is due to biphasic cell cycle dysregulation during the neurogenic stage of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Long H. Do
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anwesha Ghosh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Nishant Singhal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Nishant Singhal,
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Ming Z, Vining B, Bagheri-Fam S, Harley V. SOX9 in organogenesis: shared and unique transcriptional functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:522. [PMID: 36114905 PMCID: PMC9482574 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX9 is essential for the development of multiple organs including bone, testis, heart, lung, pancreas, intestine and nervous system. Mutations in the human SOX9 gene led to campomelic dysplasia, a haploinsufficiency disorder with several skeletal malformations frequently accompanied by 46, XY sex reversal. The mechanisms underlying the diverse SOX9 functions during organ development including its post-translational modifications, the availability of binding partners, and tissue-specific accessibility to target gene chromatin. Here we summarize the expression, activities, and downstream target genes of SOX9 in molecular genetic pathways essential for organ development, maintenance, and function. We also provide an insight into understanding the mechanisms that regulate the versatile roles of SOX9 in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ming
- Sex Development Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brittany Vining
- Sex Development Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Stefan Bagheri-Fam
- Sex Development Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Vincent Harley
- Sex Development Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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48
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Uzquiano A, Kedaigle AJ, Pigoni M, Paulsen B, Adiconis X, Kim K, Faits T, Nagaraja S, Antón-Bolaños N, Gerhardinger C, Tucewicz A, Murray E, Jin X, Buenrostro J, Chen F, Velasco S, Regev A, Levin JZ, Arlotta P. Proper acquisition of cell class identity in organoids allows definition of fate specification programs of the human cerebral cortex. Cell 2022; 185:3770-3788.e27. [PMID: 36179669 PMCID: PMC9990683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Realizing the full utility of brain organoids to study human development requires understanding whether organoids precisely replicate endogenous cellular and molecular events, particularly since acquisition of cell identity in organoids can be impaired by abnormal metabolic states. We present a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic, epigenetic, and spatial atlas of human cortical organoid development, comprising over 610,000 cells, from generation of neural progenitors through production of differentiated neuronal and glial subtypes. We show that processes of cellular diversification correlate closely to endogenous ones, irrespective of metabolic state, empowering the use of this atlas to study human fate specification. We define longitudinal molecular trajectories of cortical cell types during organoid development, identify genes with predicted human-specific roles in lineage establishment, and uncover early transcriptional diversity of human callosal neurons. The findings validate this comprehensive atlas of human corticogenesis in vitro as a resource to prime investigation into the mechanisms of human cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Uzquiano
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amanda J Kedaigle
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Martina Pigoni
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bruna Paulsen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xian Adiconis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kwanho Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Faits
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Surya Nagaraja
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Noelia Antón-Bolaños
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chiara Gerhardinger
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ashley Tucewicz
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan Murray
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jason Buenrostro
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Silvia Velasco
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joshua Z Levin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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49
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Scholz S, Lewis K, Saulich F, Endres M, Boehmerle W, Huehnchen P. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids as potential human model system for chemotherapy induced CNS toxicity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1006497. [PMID: 36188215 PMCID: PMC9520921 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1006497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxic phenomena are among the most common side effects of cytotoxic agents. The development of chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy (CIPN) is a well-recognized adverse reaction in the peripheral nervous system, while changes of cognitive functions (post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment (PCCI)) are more diffuse and have only recently drawn scientific interest. PCCI in patients most often displays as short-term memory loss, reduced multitasking ability or deficits in language. Not least, due to a lack of preclinical human model systems, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, and treatments are missing. We thus investigated whether induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids can serve as a human model system for the study of chemotherapy induced central nervous system toxicity. We robustly generated mature brain organoids from iPSC-derived neuronal precursor cells (NPC), which showed a typical composition with 1) dividing NPCs forming ventricle like structures 2) matured neurons and 3) supporting glial cells closer to the surface. Furthermore, upon stimulation the brain organoids showed functional signaling. When exposed to increasing concentrations of paclitaxel, a frequently used chemotherapy drug, we observed time dependent neurotoxicity with an EC50 of 153 nM, comparable to a published murine model system. Histological analysis after paclitaxel exposure demonstrated dose dependent apoptosis induction and reduced proliferation in the organoids with further Western blot analyses indicating the degradation of neuronal calcium sensor one protein (NCS-1) and activation of Caspase-3. We could also provide evidence that paclitaxel treatment negatively affects the pool of neuronal and astrocyte precursor cells as well as mature neurons. In summary our data suggests that human iPSC derived brain organoids are a promising preclinical model system to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying PCCI and to develop novel prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Scholz
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Karyn Lewis
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Saulich
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Boehmerle
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Boehmerle,
| | - Petra Huehnchen
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Boehmerle,
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Huang H, He W, Tang T, Qiu M. Immunological Markers for Central Nervous System Glia. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:379-392. [PMID: 36028641 PMCID: PMC10043115 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are composed of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. They contribute more than half of the total cells of the CNS, and are essential for neural development and functioning. Studies on the fate specification, differentiation, and functional diversification of glial cells mainly rely on the proper use of cell- or stage-specific molecular markers. However, as cellular markers often exhibit different specificity and sensitivity, careful consideration must be given prior to their application to avoid possible confusion. Here, we provide an updated overview of a list of well-established immunological markers for the labeling of central glia, and discuss the cell-type specificity and stage dependency of their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Wanjun He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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