1
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Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Munguba H, Levitz J. Emerging modes of regulation of neuromodulatory G protein-coupled receptors. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:635-650. [PMID: 38862331 PMCID: PMC11324403 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
In the nervous system, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) control neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and, ultimately, behavior through spatiotemporally precise initiation of a variety of signaling pathways. However, despite their critical importance, there is incomplete understanding of how these receptors are regulated to tune their signaling to specific neurophysiological contexts. A deeper mechanistic picture of neuromodulatory GPCR function is needed to fully decipher their biological roles and effectively harness them for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we highlight recent progress in identifying novel modes of regulation of neuromodulatory GPCRs, including G protein- and receptor-targeting mechanisms, receptor-receptor crosstalk, and unique features that emerge in the context of chemical synapses. These emerging principles of neuromodulatory GPCR tuning raise critical questions to be tackled at the molecular, cellular, synaptic, and neural circuit levels in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hermany Munguba
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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2
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Tanaka K, Chen M, Prendergast A, Zhuang Z, Nasiri A, Joshi D, Hintzen J, Chung M, Kumar A, Mani A, Koleske A, Crawford J, Nicoli S, Schwartz MA. Latrophilin-2 mediates fluid shear stress mechanotransduction at endothelial junctions. EMBO J 2024; 43:3175-3191. [PMID: 38886581 PMCID: PMC11294477 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress from blood flow are crucial for vascular development, function, and disease. A complex of PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), and Plexin D1 located at cell-cell junctions mediates many of these events. However, available evidence suggests that another mechanosensor upstream of PECAM-1 initiates signaling. Hypothesizing that GPCR and Gα proteins may serve this role, we performed siRNA screening of Gα subunits and found that Gαi2 and Gαq/11 are required for activation of the junctional complex. We then developed a new activation assay, which showed that these G proteins are activated by flow. We next mapped the Gα residues required for activation and developed an affinity purification method that used this information to identify latrophilin-2 (Lphn2/ADGRL2) as the upstream GPCR. Latrophilin-2 is required for all PECAM-1 downstream events tested. In both mice and zebrafish, latrophilin-2 is required for flow-dependent angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Furthermore, endothelial-specific knockout demonstrates that latrophilin plays a role in flow-dependent artery remodeling. Human genetic data reveal a correlation between the latrophilin-2-encoding Adgrl2 gene and cardiovascular disease. Together, these results define a pathway that connects latrophilin-dependent G protein activation to subsequent endothelial signaling, vascular physiology, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Minghao Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Zhenwu Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ali Nasiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Divyesh Joshi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jared Hintzen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Minhwan Chung
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Anthony Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Philibert CE, Garcia-Marcos M. Smooth operator(s): dialing up and down neurotransmitter responses by G-protein regulators. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00140-5. [PMID: 39054106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential mediators of neuromodulation and prominent pharmacological targets. While activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gαβɣ) by GPCRs is essential in this process, much less is known about the postreceptor mechanisms that influence G-protein activity. Neurons express G-protein regulators that shape the amplitude and kinetics of GPCR-mediated synaptic responses. Although many of these operate by directly altering how G-proteins handle guanine-nucleotides enzymatically, recent discoveries have revealed alternative mechanisms by which GPCR-stimulated G-protein responses are modulated at the synapse. In this review, we cover the molecular basis for, and consequences of, the action of two G-protein regulators that do not affect the enzymatic activity of G-proteins directly: Gα inhibitory interacting protein (GINIP), which binds active Gα subunits, and potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 12 (KCTD12), which binds active Gβγ subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine E Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Reynders A, Anissa Jhumka Z, Gaillard S, Mantilleri A, Malapert P, Magalon K, Etzerodt A, Salio C, Ugolini S, Castets F, Saurin AJ, Serino M, Hoeffel G, Moqrich A. Gut microbiota promotes pain chronicity in Myosin1A deficient male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:750-766. [PMID: 38710336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a heavily debilitating condition and a huge socio-economic burden, with no efficient treatment. Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of nervous system's health and disease states. Yet, its contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic somatic pain remains poorly documented. Here, we report that male but not female mice lacking Myosin1a (KO) raised under single genotype housing conditions (KO-SGH) are predisposed to develop chronic pain in response to a peripheral tissue injury. We further underscore the potential of MYO1A loss-of-function to alter the composition of the gut microbiota and uncover a functional connection between the vulnerability to chronic pain and the dysbiotic gut microbiota of KO-SGH males. As such, parental antibiotic treatment modifies gut microbiota composition and completely rescues the injury-induced pain chronicity in male KO-SGH offspring. Furthermore, in KO-SGH males, this dysbiosis is accompanied by a transcriptomic activation signature in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) macrophage compartment, in response to tissue injury. We identify CD206+CD163- and CD206+CD163+ as the main subsets of DRG resident macrophages and show that both are long-lived and self-maintained and exhibit the capacity to monitor the vasculature. Consistently, in vivo depletion of DRG macrophages rescues KO-SGH males from injury-induced chronic pain underscoring a deleterious role for DRG macrophages in a Myo1a-loss-of function context. Together, our findings reveal gene-sex-microbiota interactions in determining the predisposition to injury-induced chronic pain and point-out DRG macrophages as potential effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reynders
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | - Z Anissa Jhumka
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Annabelle Mantilleri
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Malapert
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Magalon
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, INSER, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Francis Castets
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Hoeffel
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, INSER, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Aziz Moqrich
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France.
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5
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Tanaka K, Chen M, Prendergast A, Zhuang Z, Nasiri A, Joshi D, Hintzen J, Chung M, Kumar A, Mani A, Koleske A, Crawford J, Nicoli S, Schwartz MA. Latrophilin-2 mediates fluid shear stress mechanotransduction at endothelial junctions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598386. [PMID: 38915515 PMCID: PMC11195282 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress from blood flow are crucial for vascular development, function and disease. A complex of PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and PlexinD1 located at cell-cell junctions mediates many of these events. But available evidence suggests that another mechanosensor upstream of PECAM-1 initiates signaling. Hypothesizing that GPCR and Gα proteins may serve this role, we performed siRNA screening of Gα subunits and found that Gαi2 and Gαq/11 are required for activation of the junctional complex. We then developed a new activation assay, which showed that these G proteins are activated by flow. We next mapped the Gα residues required for activation and developed an affinity purification method that used this information to identify latrophilin-2 (Lphn-2/ADGRL2) as the upstream GPCR. Latrophilin-2 is required for all PECAM-1 downstream events tested. In both mice and zebrafish, latrophilin-2 is required for flow-dependent angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Furthermore, endothelial specific knockout demonstrates that latrophilin plays a role in flow-dependent artery remodeling. Human genetic data reveal a correlation between the latrophilin-2-encoding Adgrl2 gene and cardiovascular disease. Together, these results define a pathway that connects latrophilin-dependent G protein activation to subsequent endothelial signaling, vascular physiology and disease.
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6
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Malapert P, Robert G, Brunet E, Chemin J, Bourinet E, Moqrich A. A novel Na v1.8-FLPo driver mouse for intersectional genetics to uncover the functional significance of primary sensory neuron diversity. iScience 2024; 27:109396. [PMID: 38510134 PMCID: PMC10952036 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent development of single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing has highlighted the extraordinary diversity of dorsal root ganglia neurons. However, the few available genetic tools limit our understanding of the functional significance of this heterogeneity. We generated a new mouse line expressing the flippase recombinase from the scn10a locus. By crossing Nav1.8Ires-FLPo mice with the AdvillinCre and RC::FL-hM3Dq mouse lines in an intersectional genetics approach, we were able to obtain somatodendritic expression of hM3Dq-mCherry selectively in the Nav1.8 lineage. The bath application of clozapine N-oxide triggered strong calcium responses selectively in mCherry+ neurons. The intraplantar injection of CNO caused robust flinching, shaking, and biting responses accompanied by strong cFos activation in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord. The Nav1.8Ires-FLPo mouse model will be a valuable tool for extending our understanding of the in vivo functional specialization of neuronal subsets of the Nav1.8 lineage for which inducible Cre lines are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Malapert
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Brunet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Chemin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Aziz Moqrich
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, Marseille, France
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7
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Deng L, Gillis JE, Chiu IM, Kaplan DH. Sensory neurons: An integrated component of innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:815-831. [PMID: 38599172 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The sensory nervous system possesses the ability to integrate exogenous threats and endogenous signals to mediate downstream effector functions. Sensory neurons have been shown to activate or suppress host defense and immunity against pathogens, depending on the tissue and disease state. Through this lens, pro- and anti-inflammatory neuroimmune effector functions can be interpreted as evolutionary adaptations by host or pathogen. Here, we discuss recent and impactful examples of neuroimmune circuitry that regulate tissue homeostasis, autoinflammation, and host defense. Apparently paradoxical or conflicting reports in the literature also highlight the complexity of neuroimmune interactions that may depend on tissue- and microbe-specific cues. These findings expand our understanding of the nuanced mechanisms and the greater context of sensory neurons in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacob E Gillis
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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8
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Luebbers A, Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Zhou M, Eyles SJ, Levitz J, Garcia-Marcos M. Dissecting the molecular basis for the modulation of neurotransmitter GPCR signaling by GINIP. Structure 2024; 32:47-59.e7. [PMID: 37989308 PMCID: PMC10872408 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) stimulated by neurotransmitters are critical for neuromodulation. Much less is known about how heterotrimeric G-protein (Gαβγ) regulation after receptor-mediated activation contributes to neuromodulation. Recent evidence indicates that the neuronal protein GINIP shapes GPCR inhibitory neuromodulation via a unique mechanism of G-protein regulation that controls pain and seizure susceptibility. However, the molecular basis of this mechanism remains ill-defined because the structural determinants of GINIP responsible for binding and regulating G proteins are not known. Here, we combined hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, computational structure predictions, biochemistry, and cell-based biophysical assays to demonstrate an effector-like binding mode of GINIP to Gαi. Specific amino acids of GINIP's PHD domain first loop are essential for G-protein binding and subsequent regulation of Gαi-GTP and Gβγ signaling upon neurotransmitter GPCR stimulation. In summary, these findings shed light onto the molecular basis for a post-receptor mechanism of G-protein regulation that fine-tunes inhibitory neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Myles Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen J Eyles
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10064, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Kapolka NJ, Roth BL. Built-in functional selectivity in neurons is mediated by the neuronal protein, GINIP. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2392-2394. [PMID: 37478823 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Park et al.1 comprehensively profile how neurons utilize the Gα inhibitory interacting protein, GINIP, to modulate neurotransmission at a systems level through bias of downstream G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Kapolka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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10
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Park JC, Luebbers A, Dao M, Semeano A, Nguyen AM, Papakonstantinou MP, Broselid S, Yano H, Martemyanov KA, Garcia-Marcos M. Fine-tuning GPCR-mediated neuromodulation by biasing signaling through different G protein subunits. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2540-2558.e12. [PMID: 37390816 PMCID: PMC10527995 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate neuromodulation through the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ). Classical models depict that G protein activation leads to a one-to-one formation of Gα-GTP and Gβγ species. Each of these species propagates signaling by independently acting on effectors, but the mechanisms by which response fidelity is ensured by coordinating Gα and Gβγ responses remain unknown. Here, we reveal a paradigm of G protein regulation whereby the neuronal protein GINIP (Gα inhibitory interacting protein) biases inhibitory GPCR responses to favor Gβγ over Gα signaling. Tight binding of GINIP to Gαi-GTP precludes its association with effectors (adenylyl cyclase) and, simultaneously, with regulator-of-G-protein-signaling (RGS) proteins that accelerate deactivation. As a consequence, Gαi-GTP signaling is dampened, whereas Gβγ signaling is enhanced. We show that this mechanism is essential to prevent the imbalances of neurotransmission that underlie increased seizure susceptibility in mice. Our findings reveal an additional layer of regulation within a quintessential mechanism of signal transduction that sets the tone of neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maria Dao
- U.F. Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ana Semeano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anh Minh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria P Papakonstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stefan Broselid
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Pandey M, Zhang JH, Adikaram PR, Kittock C, Lue N, Awe A, Degner K, Jacob N, Staples J, Thomas R, Kohnen AB, Ganesan S, Kabat J, Chen CK, Simonds WF. Specific regulation of mechanical nociception by Gβ5 involves GABA-B receptors. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e134685. [PMID: 37219953 PMCID: PMC10371342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain sensation is conveyed by primary nociceptors, a subset of sensory afferent neurons. The intracellular regulation of the primary nociceptive signal is an area of active study. We report here the discovery of a Gβ5-dependent regulatory pathway within mechanical nociceptors that restrains antinociceptive input from metabotropic GABA-B receptors. In mice with conditional knockout (cKO) of the gene that encodes Gβ5 (Gnb5) targeted to peripheral sensory neurons, we demonstrate the impairment of mechanical, thermal, and chemical nociception. We further report the specific loss of mechanical nociception in Rgs7-Cre+/- Gnb5fl/fl mice but not in Rgs9-Cre+/- Gnb5fl/fl mice, suggesting that Gβ5 might specifically regulate mechanical pain in regulator of G protein signaling 7-positive (Rgs7+) cells. Additionally, Gβ5-dependent and Rgs7-associated mechanical nociception is dependent upon GABA-B receptor signaling since both were abolished by treatment with a GABA-B receptor antagonist and since cKO of Gβ5 from sensory cells or from Rgs7+ cells potentiated the analgesic effects of GABA-B agonists. Following activation by the G protein-coupled receptor Mrgprd agonist β-alanine, enhanced sensitivity to inhibition by baclofen was observed in primary cultures of Rgs7+ sensory neurons harvested from Rgs7-Cre+/- Gnb5fl/fl mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the targeted inhibition of Gβ5 function in Rgs7+ sensory neurons might provide specific relief for mechanical allodynia, including that contributing to chronic neuropathic pain, without reliance on exogenous opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mritunjay Pandey
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Poorni R. Adikaram
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claire Kittock
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole Lue
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Awe
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine Degner
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nirmal Jacob
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenna Staples
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison B. Kohnen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ching-Kang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - William F. Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Feuillet V, Ugolini S, Reynders A. Differential regulation of cutaneous immunity by sensory neuron subsets. Trends Neurosci 2023:S0166-2236(23)00128-5. [PMID: 37277277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems have classically been studied as separate entities, but there is now mounting evidence for bidirectional communication between them in various organs, including the skin. The skin is an epithelial tissue with important sensory and immune functions. The skin is highly innervated with specialized subclasses of primary sensory neurons (PSNs) that can be in contact with skin-resident innate and adaptive immune cells. Neuroimmune crosstalk in the skin, through interactions of PSNs with the immune system, has been shown to regulate host cutaneous defense, inflammation, and tissue repair. Here, we review current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this crosstalk, as depicted via mouse model studies. We highlight the ways in which different immune challenges engage specialized subsets of PSNs to produce mediators acting on immune cell subsets and modulating their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Feuillet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Ana Reynders
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
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13
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Luebbers A, Zhou M, Eyles SJ, Garcia-Marcos M. Dissecting the molecular basis for the modulation of neurotransmitter GPCR signaling by GINIP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537566. [PMID: 37131787 PMCID: PMC10153262 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gαβγ) by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) stimulated by neurotransmitters is a key mechanism underlying neuromodulation. Much less is known about how G-protein regulation after receptor-mediated activation contributes to neuromodulation. Recent evidence indicates that the neuronal protein GINIP shapes GPCR inhibitory neuromodulation via a unique mechanism of G-protein regulation that controls neurological processes like pain and seizure susceptibility. However, the molecular basis of this mechanism remains ill-defined because the structural determinants of GINIP responsible for binding Gαi subunits and regulating G-protein signaling are not known. Here, we combined hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass-spectrometry, protein folding predictions, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays, and biochemical experiments to identify the first loop of the PHD domain of GINIP as an obligatory requirement for Gαi binding. Surprisingly, our results support a model in which GINIP undergoes a long-range conformational change to accommodate Gαi binding to this loop. Using cell-based assays, we demonstrate that specific amino acids in the first loop of the PHD domain are essential for the regulation of Gαi-GTP and free Gβγ signaling upon neurotransmitter GPCR stimulation. In summary, these findings shed light onto the molecular basis for a post-receptor mechanism of G-protein regulation that fine-tunes inhibitory neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Myles Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen J Eyles
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Breitinger U, Breitinger HG. Excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling in inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain. Mol Med 2023; 29:53. [PMID: 37069517 PMCID: PMC10111846 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain, although unpleasant, is an essential warning mechanism against injury and damage of the organism. An intricate network of specialised sensors and transmission systems contributes to reception, transmission and central sensitization of pain. Here, we briefly introduce some of the main aspects of pain signal transmission, including nociceptors and nociceptive signals, mechanisms of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and the situation of diabetes-associated neuropathic pain. The role of glia-astrocytes, microglia, satellite glia cells-and their specific channels, transporters and signaling pathways is described. A focus is on the contribution of inhibitory synaptic signaling to nociception and a possible role of glycine receptors in glucose-mediated analgesia and treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy. Inhibitory receptors such as GABAA- and glycine receptors are important contributors to nociceptive signaling; their contribution to altered pain sensation in diabetes may be of clinical relevance, and they could be promising therapeutic targets towards the development of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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15
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Huzard D, Martin M, Maingret F, Chemin J, Jeanneteau F, Mery PF, Fossat P, Bourinet E, François A. The impact of C-tactile low-threshold mechanoreceptors on affective touch and social interactions in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo7566. [PMID: 35767616 PMCID: PMC9242590 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Affective touch is necessary for proper neurodevelopment and sociability. However, it remains unclear how the neurons innervating the skin detect affective and social behaviors. The C low-threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs), a specific population of somatosensory neurons in mice, appear particularly well suited, physiologically and anatomically, to perceive affective and social touch. However, their contribution to sociability has not been resolved yet. Our observations revealed that C-LTMR functional deficiency induced social isolation and reduced tactile interactions in adulthood. Conversely, transient increase in C-LTMR excitability in adults, using chemogenetics, was rewarding, promoted touch-seeking behaviors, and had prosocial influences on group dynamics. This work provides the first empirical evidence that specific peripheral inputs alone can drive complex social behaviors. It demonstrates the existence of a specialized neuronal circuit, originating in the skin, wired to promote interactions with other individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Huzard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Miquel Martin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - François Maingret
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Chemin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Freddy Jeanneteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-François Mery
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Fossat
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Amaury François
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Zhu S, Hu X, Bennett S, Mai Y, Xu J. Molecular Structure, Expression and Role of TAFA4 and its Receptor FPR1 in the Spinal Cord. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:911414. [PMID: 35712659 PMCID: PMC9194834 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.911414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TAFA chemokine like family member 4 (TAFA4, also named FAM19A4) is a member of the TAFA chemokine like ligand or FAM19A family, which includes TAFA1, TAFA2, TAFA3, TAFA4, and TAFA5 (or FAM19A1, FAM19A2, FAM19A3, FAM19A4, and FAM19A5). They are also referred to as neurokines and are involved in the regulation of a diverse range of cellular processes, including chemotaxis of macrophages, phagocytosis, and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). TAFA4 is a marker of C-low-threshold mechanoreceptors and is expressed predominantly in nociceptors, such as dorsal root ganglia (DRG). TAFA4 has been implicated in the sensory perception of pain in the spinal cord. Mice with deficiency of TAFA4 demonstrate altered excitability in lamina IIi neurons in DRG in addition to increased mechanical and chemical nociception following inflammation or injury. As a secreted protein, TAFA4 binds to cell surface receptor formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), a G protein-coupled receptor to mediate the chemoattraction of macrophages, phagocytosis, and the inflammatory profile of macrophages. It also interacts with cell surface neurexin to mediate signalling across the synapse. Further understanding the mechanisms by which this conserved protein family regulates diverse biological processes such as in neuronal functions, inflammation, and tissue fibrosis will help to design therapeutic targets for the treatment of TAFA related diseases such as spinal cord injury and neuro-inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Molecular Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Molecular Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuliang Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuliang Mai, ; Jiake Xu,
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Molecular Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yuliang Mai, ; Jiake Xu,
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17
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Hoffmann T, Klemm F, I Kichko T, Sauer SK, Kistner K, Riedl B, Raboisson P, Luo L, Babes A, Kocher L, Carli G, Fischer MJM, Reeh PW. The formalin test does not probe inflammatory pain but excitotoxicity in rodent skin. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15194. [PMID: 35340127 PMCID: PMC8957662 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The most widely used formalin test to screen antinociceptive drug candidates is still apostrophized as targeting inflammatory pain, in spite of strong opposing evidence published. In our rat skin-nerve preparation ex vivo, recording from all classes of sensory single-fibers (n = 32), 30 units were transiently excited by formaldehyde concentrations 1-100 mM applied to receptive fields (RFs) for 3 min, C and Aδ-fibers being more sensitive (1-30 mM) than Aβ-fibers. From 30 mM on, ~1% of the concentration usually injected in vivo, all RFs were defunctionalized and conduction in an isolated sciatic nerve preparation was irreversibly blocked. Thus, formaldehyde, generated a state of 'anesthesia dolorosa' in the RFs in so far as after a quiescent interphase all fibers with unmyelinated terminals developed a second phase of vigorous discharge activity which correlated well in time course and magnitude with published pain-related behaviors. Sural nerve filament recordings in vivo confirmed that higher formalin concentrations (> 42 mM) have to be injected to the skin to induce this second phase of discharge. Patch-clamp and calcium-imaging confirmed TRPA1 as the primary transducer of formaldehyde (10 mM) effects on mouse sensory neurons. However, stimulated CGRP release from isolated skin of TRPA1+/+ and TRPA1-/- mice showed a convergence of the saturating concentration-response curves at 100 mM formaldehyde, which did not occur with nerve and trachea preparations. Finally, skin-nerve recordings from C and Aδ-fibers of TRPA1-/- mice revealed a massive reduction in formaldehyde (30 mM)-evoked discharge. However, the remaining activity was still biphasic, thus confirming additional unspecific excitotoxic actions of the fixative that diffuses along still excitable axons as previously published. The multiplicity of formaldehyde's actions requires extensive discussion and literature review, leading to a fundamental reevaluation of the formalin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hoffmann
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Florian Klemm
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tatjana I Kichko
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Susanne K Sauer
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Katrin Kistner
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Bernhard Riedl
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | | | - Lei Luo
- AstraZeneca, CNS and Pain Innovative Medicines UnitSödertäljeSweden
| | - Alexandru Babes
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Laurence Kocher
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Laboratoire de PhysiologieCentre Hospitalier Lyon SudFaculté de MédecineUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Giancarlo Carli
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Department of PhysiologyUniversità degli Studi di SienaSienaItaly
| | - Michael J. M. Fischer
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Center of Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Peter W. Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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18
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19
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Abstract
A substantial fraction of the human population suffers from chronic pain states, which often cannot be sufficiently treated with existing drugs. This calls for alternative targets and strategies for the development of novel analgesics. There is substantial evidence that the G protein-coupled GABAB receptor is involved in the processing of pain signals and thus has long been considered a valuable target for the generation of analgesics to treat chronic pain. In this review, the contribution of GABAB receptors to the generation and modulation of pain signals, their involvement in chronic pain states as well as their target suitability for the development of novel analgesics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Benke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Carozzi VA, Salio C, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Ciglieri E, Ferrini F. 2D <em>vs</em> 3D morphological analysis of dorsal root ganglia in health and painful neuropathy. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34664808 PMCID: PMC8547168 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) are clusters of sensory neurons that transmit the sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system, and satellite glial cells (SGCs), their supporting trophic cells. Sensory neurons are pseudounipolar neurons with a heterogeneous neurochemistry reflecting their functional features. DRGs, not protected by the blood brain barrier, are vulnerable to stress and damage of different origin (i.e., toxic, mechanical, metabolic, genetic) that can involve sensory neurons, SGCs or, considering their intimate intercommunication, both cell populations. DRG damage, primary or secondary to nerve damage, produces a sensory peripheral neuropathy, characterized by neurophysiological abnormalities, numbness, paraesthesia and dysesthesia, tingling and burning sensations and neuropathic pain. DRG stress can be morphologically detected by light and electron microscope analysis with alterations in cell size (swelling/atrophy) and in different subcellular compartments (i.e., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus) of neurons and/or SGCs. In addition, neurochemical changes can be used to portray abnormalities of neurons and SGC. Conventional immunostaining, i.e., immunohistochemical detection of specific molecules in tissue slices, can be employed to detect, localize and quantify particular markers of damage in neurons (i.e., nuclear expression of ATF3) or SGCs (i.e., increased expression of GFAP), markers of apoptosis (i.e., caspases), markers of mitochondrial suffering and oxidative stress (i.e., 8-OHdG), markers of tissue inflammation (i.e., CD68 for macrophage infiltration) etc. However classical (2D) methods of immunostaining disrupt the overall organization of the DRG, thus resulting in the loss of some crucial information. Whole-mount (3D) methods have been recently developed to investigate DRG morphology and neurochemistry without tissue slicing, giving the opportunity to study the intimate relationship between SGCs and sensory neurons in health and disease. Here, we aim to compare classical (2D) vs whole-mount (3D) approaches to highlight “pros” and “cons” of the two methodologies when analysing neuropathy-induced alterations in DRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Alda Carozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB).
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO).
| | | | | | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO).
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21
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Hoeffel G, Debroas G, Roger A, Rossignol R, Gouilly J, Laprie C, Chasson L, Barbon PV, Balsamo A, Reynders A, Moqrich A, Ugolini S. Sensory neuron-derived TAFA4 promotes macrophage tissue repair functions. Nature 2021; 594:94-99. [PMID: 34012116 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a defence response to tissue damage that requires tight regulation in order to prevent impaired healing. Tissue-resident macrophages have a key role in tissue repair1, but the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate the balance between inflammatory and pro-repair macrophage responses during healing remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate a major role for sensory neurons in promoting the tissue-repair function of macrophages. In a sunburn-like model of skin damage in mice, the conditional ablation of sensory neurons expressing the Gαi-interacting protein (GINIP) results in defective tissue regeneration and in dermal fibrosis. Elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed a crucial role for the neuropeptide TAFA4, which is produced in the skin by C-low threshold mechanoreceptors-a subset of GINIP+ neurons. TAFA4 modulates the inflammatory profile of macrophages directly in vitro. In vivo studies in Tafa4-deficient mice revealed that TAFA4 promotes the production of IL-10 by dermal macrophages after UV-induced skin damage. This TAFA4-IL-10 axis also ensures the survival and maintenance of IL-10+TIM4+ dermal macrophages, reducing skin inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. These results reveal a neuroimmune regulatory pathway driven by the neuropeptide TAFA4 that promotes the anti-inflammatory functions of macrophages and prevents fibrosis after tissue damage, and could lead to new therapeutic perspectives for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hoeffel
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Guilhaume Debroas
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Anais Roger
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Rafaelle Rossignol
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jordi Gouilly
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Laprie
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Vincent Barbon
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Anaïs Balsamo
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Reynders
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IBDM, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Aziz Moqrich
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IBDM, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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22
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Loss of bhlha9 Impairs Thermotaxis and Formalin-Evoked Pain in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner. Cell Rep 2021; 30:602-610.e6. [PMID: 31968239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
C-LTMRs are known to convey affective aspects of touch and to modulate injury-induced pain in humans and mice. However, a role for these neurons in temperature sensation has been suggested, but not fully demonstrated. Here, we report that deletion of C-low-threshold mechanoreceptor (C-LTMR)-expressed bhlha9 causes impaired thermotaxis behavior and exacerbated formalin-evoked pain in male, but not female, mice. Positive modulators of GABAA receptors failed to relieve inflammatory formalin pain and failed to decrease the frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) selectively in bhlha9 knockout (KO) males. This could be explained by a drastic change in the GABA content of lamina II inner inhibitory interneurons contacting C-LTMR central terminals. Finally, C-LTMR-specific deep RNA sequencing revealed more genes differentially expressed in male than in female bhlha9 KO C-LTMRs. Our data consolidate the role of C-LTMRs in modulation of formalin pain and provide in vivo evidence of their role in the discriminative aspects of temperature sensation.
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23
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Numakura Y, Uemura R, Tanaka M, Izawa T, Yamate J, Kuramoto T, Kaneko T, Mashimo T, Yamamoto T, Serikawa T, Kuwamura M. PHF24 is expressed in the inhibitory interneurons in rats. Exp Anim 2021; 70:137-143. [PMID: 33115988 PMCID: PMC7887615 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noda epileptic rat (NER) is a mutant model for epilepsy that exhibits spontaneous generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Epileptogenesis of NER remains to be elucidated; but it is detected an insertion of an endogenous retrovirus sequence in intron 2 of the PHD finger protein 24 (Phf24) gene, encoding Gαi-interacting protein (GINIP). Phf24 is a strong candidate gene for epileptogenesis in NER. PHF24 modulates GABAB signaling through interacting with Gαi protein. To clarify the epileptogenesis of NER, we investigated a distribution of PHF24-expressing cells in the central nerve system (CNS). While broad expression of PHF24 was observed in the CNS, characteristic expression was noted in the periglomerular layer of the olfactory bulb and the lamina II of the spinal cord in the control rats. These cells showed co-expression with calbindin or calretinin, inhibitory interneuron markers. In the olfactory bulb, 15.6% and 41.2% of PHF24-positive neurons co-expressed calbindin and calretinin, respectively. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that PHF24 was located in the presynaptic terminals, synaptic membranes and cytoplasmic matrix of neuronal soma. Our data suggested PHF24 is expressed in the inhibitory interneurons and may play important roles in modulation of the GABAB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Numakura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Ourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Risa Uemura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Ourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Ourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Ourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Ourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-35 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tadao Serikawa
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Ourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Mechanisms and Regulation of Neuronal GABA B Receptor-Dependent Signaling. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 52:39-79. [PMID: 32808092 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABRs) are broadly expressed throughout the central nervous system where they play an important role in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. GABABRs are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate slow and sustained inhibitory actions via modulation of several downstream effector enzymes and ion channels. GABABRs are obligate heterodimers that associate with diverse arrays of proteins to form modular complexes that carry out distinct physiological functions. GABABR-dependent signaling is fine-tuned and regulated through a multitude of mechanisms that are relevant to physiological and pathophysiological states. This review summarizes the current knowledge on GABABR signal transduction and discusses key factors that influence the strength and sensitivity of GABABR-dependent signaling in neurons.
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Neurochemical and Ultrastructural Characterization of Unmyelinated Non-peptidergic C-Nociceptors and C-Low Threshold Mechanoreceptors Projecting to Lamina II of the Mouse Spinal Cord. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:247-262. [PMID: 32306148 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
C-nociceptors (C-Ncs) and non-nociceptive C-low threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs) are two subpopulations of small unmyelinated non-peptidergic C-type neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) with central projections displaying a specific pattern of termination in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Although these two subpopulations exist in several animals, remarkable neurochemical differences occur between mammals, particularly rat/humans from one side and mouse from the other. Mouse is widely investigated by transcriptomics. Therefore, we here studied the immunocytochemistry of murine C-type DRG neurons and their central terminals in spinal lamina II at light and electron microscopic levels. We used a panel of markers for peptidergic (CGRP), non-peptidergic (IB4), nociceptive (TRPV1), non-nociceptive (VGLUT3) C-type neurons and two strains of transgenic mice: the TAFA4Venus knock-in mouse to localize the TAFA4+ C-LTMRs, and a genetically engineered ginip mouse that allows an inducible and tissue-specific ablation of the DRG neurons expressing GINIP, a key modulator of GABABR-mediated analgesia. We confirmed that IB4 and TAFA4 did not coexist in small non-peptidergic C-type DRG neurons and separately tagged the C-Ncs and the C-LTMRs. We then showed that TRPV1 was expressed in only about 7% of the IB4+ non-peptidergic C-Ncs and their type Ia glomerular terminals within lamina II. Notably, the selective ablation of GINIP did not affect these neurons, whereas it reduced IB4 labeling in the medial part of lamina II and the density of C-LTMRs glomerular terminals to about one half throughout the entire lamina. We discuss the significance of these findings for interspecies differences and functional relevance.
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TACAN Is an Ion Channel Involved in Sensing Mechanical Pain. Cell 2020; 180:956-967.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Cohen Y, Hausken K, Bonfil Y, Gutnick M, Levavi-Sivan B. Spexin and a Novel Cichlid-Specific Spexin Paralog Both Inhibit FSH and LH Through a Specific Galanin Receptor (Galr2b) in Tilapia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:71. [PMID: 32153508 PMCID: PMC7044129 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a 14 amino acid peptide hormone that has pleiotropic functions across vertebrates, one of which is involvement in the brain-pituitary-gonad axis of fish. SPX(1) has been identified in each class of vertebrates, and a second SPX (named SPX2) has been found in some non-mammalian species. We have cloned two spexin paralogs, designated as Spx1a and Spx1b, from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that have varying tissue distribution patterns. Spx1b is a novel peptide only identified in cichlid fish, and is more closely related to Spx1 than Spx2 homologs as supported by phylogenetic, synteny, and functional analyses. Kisspeptin, Spx, and galanin (Gal) peptides and their corresponding kiss receptors and Gal receptors (Galrs), respectively, are evolutionarily related. Cloning of six tilapia Galrs (Galr1a, Galr1b, Galr2a, Galr2b, Galr type 1, and Galr type 2) and subsequent in vitro second-messenger reporter assays for Gαs, Gαq, and Gαi suggests that Gal and Spx activate Galr1a/Galr2a and Galr2b, respectively. A decrease in plasma follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations was observed with injections of Spx1a or Spx1b in vivo. Additionally, application of Spx1a and Spx1b to pituitary slices decreased the firing rate of LH cells, suggesting that the peptides can act directly at the level of the pituitary. These data collectively suggest an inhibitory mechanism of action against the secretion of gonadotropins for a traditional and a novel spexin paralog in cichlid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Krist Hausken
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Bonfil
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Gutnick
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Berta Levavi-Sivan
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5-HT 2A receptor-dependent phosphorylation of mGlu 2 receptor at Serine 843 promotes mGlu 2 receptor-operated G i/o signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1610-1626. [PMID: 29858599 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT2A and glutamate mGlu2 receptors continue to attract particular attention, given their implication in psychosis associated with schizophrenia and the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics and a new class of antipsychotics, respectively. A large body of evidence indicates a functional crosstalk between both receptors in the brain, but the underlying mechanisms are not entirely elucidated. Here, we have explored the influence of 5-HT2A receptor upon the phosphorylation pattern of mGlu2 receptor in light of the importance of specific phosphorylation events in regulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling and physiological outcomes. Among the five mGlu2 receptor-phosphorylated residues identified in HEK-293 cells, the phosphorylation of Ser843 was enhanced upon mGlu2 receptor stimulation by the orthosteric agonist LY379268 only in cells co-expressing the 5-HT2A receptor. Likewise, administration of LY379268 increased mGlu2 receptor phosphorylation at Ser843 in prefrontal cortex of wild-type mice but not 5-HT2A-/- mice. Exposure of HEK-293 cells co-expressing mGlu2 and 5-HT2A receptors to 5-HT also increased Ser843 phosphorylation state to a magnitude similar to that measured in LY379268-treated cells. In both HEK-293 cells and prefrontal cortex, Ser843 phosphorylation elicited by 5-HT2A receptor stimulation was prevented by the mGlu2 receptor antagonist LY341495, while the LY379268-induced effect was abolished by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907. Mutation of Ser843 into alanine strongly reduced Gi/o signaling elicited by mGlu2 or 5-HT2A receptor stimulation in cells co-expressing both receptors. Collectively, these findings identify mGlu2 receptor phosphorylation at Ser843 as a key molecular event that underlies the functional crosstalk between both receptors.
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RGS4 Maintains Chronic Pain Symptoms in Rodent Models. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8291-8304. [PMID: 31308097 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3154-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) is a potent modulator of G-protein-coupled receptor signal transduction that is expressed throughout the pain matrix. Here, we use genetic mouse models to demonstrate a role of RGS4 in the maintenance of chronic pain states in male and female mice. Using paradigms of peripheral inflammation and nerve injury, we show that the prevention of RGS4 action leads to recovery from mechanical and cold allodynia and increases the motivation for wheel running. Similarly, RGS4KO eliminates the duration of nocifensive behavior in the second phase of the formalin assay. Using the Complete Freud's Adjuvant (CFA) model of hindpaw inflammation we also demonstrate that downregulation of RGS4 in the adult ventral posterolateral thalamic nuclei promotes recovery from mechanical and cold allodynia. RNA sequencing analysis of thalamus (THL) from RGS4WT and RGS4KO mice points to many signal transduction modulators and transcription factors that are uniquely regulated in CFA-treated RGS4WT cohorts. Ingenuity pathway analysis suggests that several components of glutamatergic signaling are differentially affected by CFA treatment between RGS4WT and RGS4KO groups. Notably, Western blot analysis shows increased expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 in THL synaptosomes of RGS4KO mice at time points at which they recover from mechanical allodynia. Overall, our study provides information on a novel intracellular pathway that contributes to the maintenance of chronic pain states and points to RGS4 as a potential therapeutic target.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is an imminent need for safe and efficient chronic pain medications. Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) is a multifunctional signal transduction protein, widely expressed in the pain matrix. Here, we demonstrate that RGS4 plays a prominent role in the maintenance of chronic pain symptoms in male and female mice. Using genetically modified mice, we show a dynamic role of RGS4 in recovery from symptoms of sensory hypersensitivity deriving from hindpaw inflammation or hindlimb nerve injury. We also demonstrate an important role of RGS4 actions in gene expression patterns induced by chronic pain states in the mouse thalamus. Our findings provide novel insight into mechanisms associated with the maintenance of chronic pain states and demonstrate that interventions in RGS4 activity promote recovery from sensory hypersensitivity symptoms.
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Martineau FS, Fournier L, Buhler E, Watrin F, Sargolini F, Manent JB, Poucet B, Represa A. Spared cognitive and behavioral functions prior to epilepsy onset in a rat model of subcortical band heterotopia. Brain Res 2019; 1711:146-155. [PMID: 30689978 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), also known as doublecortex syndrome, is a malformation of cortical development resulting from mutations in the doublecortin gene (DCX). It is characterized by a lack of migration of cortical neurons that accumulate in the white matter forming a heterotopic band. Patients with SBH may present mild to moderate intellectual disability as well as epilepsy. The SBH condition can be modeled in rats by in utero knockdown (KD) of Dcx. The affected cells form an SBH reminiscent of that observed in human patients and the animals develop a chronic epileptic condition in adulthood. Here, we investigated if the presence of a SBH is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment in juvenile Dcx-KD rats, before the onset of epilepsy. Using a wide range of behavioral tests, we found that the presence of SBH did not appear to affect motor control or somatosensory processing. In addition, cognitive abilities such as learning, short-term and long-term memory, were normal in pre-epileptic Dcx-KD rats. We suggest that the SBH presence is not sufficient to impair these behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauriane Fournier
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Francesca Sargolini
- LNC - Fédération de recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR7291, Marseille 13331 CEDEX 03, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Bruno Poucet
- LNC - Fédération de recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR7291, Marseille 13331 CEDEX 03, France
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France.
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Serikawa T, Kunisawa N, Shimizu S, Kato M, Alves Iha H, Kinboshi M, Nishikawa H, Shirakawa Y, Voigt B, Nakanishi S, Kuramoto T, Kaneko T, Yamamoto T, Mashimo T, Sasa M, Ohno Y. Increased seizure sensitivity, emotional defects and cognitive impairment in PHD finger protein 24 (Phf24)-null rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111922. [PMID: 31039378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phf24 is known as Gαi-interacting protein (GINIP) and is associated with the GABAB receptor. To study the function of Phf24 protein in the central nervous system (CNS), we have newly developed Phf24-null rats and investigated their behavioral phenotypes, especially changes in seizure sensitivity, emotional responses and cognitive functions. Phf24-null rats did not exhibit any spontaneous seizures. However, they showed a higher sensitivity to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)- or pilocarpine-induced convulsive seizures. Phf24-null rats also showed an elevated susceptibility to kindling development with repeated PTZ treatments, suggesting that Phf24 acts as an inhibitory modulator in epileptogenesis. Although young Phf24-null rats showed normal gross behaviors, elevated spontaneous locomotor activity, especially in terms of the circadian dark period, emotional hyper-reactivity, reduced anxiety behaviors in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, and cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze test were explicitly observed at older age (20-week-old). The present results suggest that Phf24 is essential for proper functioning of the CNS, especially in preventing epileptogenesis and controlling emotional and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Serikawa
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kunisawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Higor Alves Iha
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Masato Kinboshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | | | | | - Birger Voigt
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakanishi
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Fuculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Genome Editing Research and Development Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiro Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Bechakra M, Nieuwenhoff MD, van Rosmalen J, Groeneveld GJ, Scheltens-de Boer M, Sonneveld P, van Doorn PA, de Zeeuw CI, Jongen JL. Clinical, electrophysiological, and cutaneous innervation changes in patients with bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy reveal insight into mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918797042. [PMID: 30152246 PMCID: PMC6113731 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918797042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib is a mainstay of therapy for multiple myeloma, frequently complicated by painful neuropathy. The objective of this study was to describe clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological changes of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BiPN) in detail and to correlate pathological changes with pain descriptors. Clinical data, nerve conduction studies, and lower leg skin biopsies were collected from 22 BiPN patients. Skin sections were immunostained using anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antibodies. Cumulative bortezomib dose and clinical assessment scales indicated light-moderate sensory neuropathy. Pain intensity >4 (numerical rating scale) was present in 77% of the patients. Median pain intensity and overall McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) sum scores indicated moderate to severe neuropathic pain. Sural nerve sensory nerve action potentials were abnormal in 86%, while intraepidermal nerve fiber densities of PGP9.5 and CGRP were not significantly different from healthy controls. However, subepidermal nerve fiber density (SENFD) of PGP9.5 was significantly decreased and the axonal swelling ratio, a predictor of neuropathy, and upper dermis nerve fiber density (UDNFD) of PGP9.5, presumably representing sprouting of parasympathetic fibers, were significantly increased in BiPN patients. Finally, significant correlations between UDNFD of PGP9.5 versus the evaluative Pain Rating Index (PRI) and number of words count (NWC) of the MPQ, and significant inverse correlations between SENFD/UDNFD of CGRP versus the sensory-discriminative MPQ PRI/NWC were found. BiPN is a sensory neuropathy, in which neuropathic pain is the most striking clinical finding. Bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain may be driven by sprouting of parasympathetic fibers in the upper dermis and impaired regeneration of CGRP fibers in the subepidermal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bechakra
- 1 Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska D Nieuwenhoff
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,4 Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Pieter Sonneveld
- 7 Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Chris I de Zeeuw
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,8 Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts & Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Lm Jongen
- 1 Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Demethylation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 151 Promoter Facilitates the Binding of Krüppel-Like Factor 5 and Enhances Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury in Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10535-10551. [PMID: 30373770 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0702-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors are considered to be cell-surface sensors of extracellular signals, thereby having a crucial role in signal transduction and being the most fruitful targets for drug discovery. G-protein-coupled receptor 151 (GPR151) was reported to be expressed specifically in the habenular area. Here we report the expression and the epigenetic regulation of GRP151 in the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and the contribution of GPR151 to neuropathic pain in male mice. SNL dramatically increased GPR151 expression in spinal neurons. GPR151 mutation or spinal inhibition by shRNA alleviated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Interestingly, the CpG island in the GPR151 gene promoter region was demethylated, the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was decreased, and the binding of DNMT3b with GPR151 promoter was reduced after SNL. Overexpression of DNMT3b in the spinal cord decreased GPR151 expression and attenuated SNL-induced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a transcriptional factor of the KLF family, was upregulated in spinal neurons, and the binding affinity of KLF5 with GPR151 promoter was increased after SNL. Inhibition of KLF5 reduced GPR151 expression and attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity. Further mRNA microarray analysis revealed that mutation of GPR151 reduced the expression of a variety of pain-related genes in response to SNL, especially mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated genes. This study reveals that GPR151, increased by DNA demethylation and the enhanced interaction with KLF5, contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain via increasing MAPK pathway-related gene expression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets of various clinically approved drugs. Here we report that SNL increased GPR151 expression in the spinal cord, and mutation or inhibition of GPR151 alleviated SNL-induced neuropathic pain. In addition, SNL downregulated the expression of DNMT3b, which caused demethylation of GPR151 gene promoter, facilitated the binding of transcriptional factor KLF5 with the GPR151 promoter, and further increased GPR151 expression in spinal neurons. The increased GPR151 may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain via activating MAPK signaling and increasing pain-related gene expression. Our study reveals an epigenetic mechanism underlying GPR151 expression and suggests that targeting GPR151 may offer a new strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Dameni S, Janzadeh A, Yousefifard M, Nasirinezhad F. The effect of intrathecal injection of irisin on pain threshold and expression rate of GABAB receptors in peripheral neuropathic pain model. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 91:17-26. [PMID: 29501523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and aim: Irisin is a new myokine that is secreted by myocytes during exercise, and plays a role in creating the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism. Considering the benefits of exercise in reducing pain, this study was carried out to determine the probable effect of irisin on neuropathic pain in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in male rats. METHODS To induce neuropathic pain CCI model was used. Animals were divided into groups of control, CCI, sham, CCI + vehicle, and CCI + irisin. Animals that had undergone CCI were divided into 6 groups and each received a different intrathecal dose of irisin (30, 10, 3, 1, 0.3, and 0.1 μg/kg) via intrathecal administration. To evaluate the chronic effect of irisin, its effective dose was injected for 14 days in another group of animals. At the end of the experiment, animals were ranscardially perfused and their spinal cord tissue was prepared for immunohistochemical and hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS The results showed that in acute intrathecal injection of irisin, 1 μg/kg dose has the highest analgesic effect compared to other doses. Nevertheless, in chronic administration of irisin with 1 μg/kg dose, no analgesic effect was detected. In addition, irisin administration could not increase the expression level of GABAB1 and B2 or prevent the decline in the number of neurons. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study showed that acute administration of Irisin increases the pain threshold, but the chronic injection of resin does not have an effect on pain reduction and the expression of GABA receptors and it seems that this peptide is not a proper replacement for exercise in patients with neuropathic pain, who cannot exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Dameni
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Janzadeh
- Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Identification of Candidate Genes for Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures in Noda Epileptic Rat. Behav Genet 2017; 47:609-619. [PMID: 28936718 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Noda epileptic rat (NER) exhibits generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). A genetic linkage analysis identified two GTCS-associated loci, Ner1 on Chr 1 and Ner3 on Chr 5. The wild-type Ner1 and Ner3 alleles suppressed GTCS when combined in double-locus congenic lines, but not when present in single-locus congenic lines. Global expression analysis revealed that cholecystokinin B receptor (Cckbr) and suppressor of tumorigenicity 5 (St5), which map within Ner1, and PHD finger protein 24 (Phf24), which maps within Ner3, were significantly downregulated in NER. De novo BAC sequencing detected an insertion of an endogenous retrovirus sequence in intron 2 of the Phf24 gene in the NER genome, and PHF24 protein was almost absent in the NER brain. Phf24 encodes a Gαi-interacting protein involved in GABAB receptor signaling pathway. Based on these findings, we conclude that Cckbr, St5, and Phf24 are strong candidate genes for GTCS in NER.
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36
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Fung T, Asiri YI, Wall R, Schwarz SKW, Puil E, MacLeod BA. Variations of isovaline structure related to activity in the formalin foot assay in mice. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1203-1213. [PMID: 28432424 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Current centrally acting analgesics such as opioids are associated with adverse effects that limit their use and threaten patient safety. Isovaline is a novel prototype analgesic that produces peripheral antinociception in several pain models with little or no effect on the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to establish a preliminary structure-activity relationship for isovaline derivatives by assaying efficacy in the formalin foot assay and central adverse effect profile in mice. Selected compounds were tested using the formalin foot assay to determine efficacy in reducing formalin-induced behaviors. Of the compounds tested, R-isovaline, S-isovaline, and 1-amino-1-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid reduced nocifensive behavior in phase II of the assay. These effects occurred without affecting performance on the rotarod, indicating that the reduction in nocifensive behaviors was not due to sedation or motor incoordination. Modifications to isovaline that increased its steric size without a cyclobutane ring formation produced compounds with no activity in the formalin foot assay. These findings indicate that the conformational stability of isovaline or the ability to form a cyclobutane ring is necessary for activity in the formalin foot assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Fung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hugill Anesthesia Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yahya I Asiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hugill Anesthesia Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Richard Wall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hugill Anesthesia Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephan K W Schwarz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hugill Anesthesia Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Providence Health Care/St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ernest Puil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hugill Anesthesia Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bernard A MacLeod
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hugill Anesthesia Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Liljencrantz J, Strigo I, Ellingsen DM, Krämer HH, Lundblad LC, Nagi SS, Leknes S, Olausson H. Slow brushing reduces heat pain in humans. Eur J Pain 2017; 21:1173-1185. [PMID: 28263013 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-tactile (CT) afferents are unmyelinated low-threshold mechanoreceptors optimized for signalling affective, gentle touch. In three separate psychophysical experiments, we examined the contribution of CT afferents to pain modulation. METHODS In total, 44 healthy volunteers experienced heat pain and CT optimal (slow brushing) and CT sub-optimal (fast brushing or vibration) stimuli. Three different experimental paradigms were used: Concurrent application of heat pain and tactile (slow brushing or vibration) stimulation; Slow brushing, applied for variable duration and intervals, preceding heat pain; Slow versus fast brushing preceding heat pain. RESULTS Slow brushing was effective in reducing pain, whereas fast brushing or vibration was not. The reduction in pain was significant not only when the CT optimal touch was applied simultaneously with the painful stimulus but also when the two stimuli were separated in time. For subsequent stimulation, the pain reduction was more pronounced for a shorter time interval between brushing and pain. Likewise, the effect was more robust when pain was preceded by a longer duration of brush stimulation. Strong CT-related pain reduction was associated with low anxiety and high calmness scores obtained by a state anxiety questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Slow brushing - optimal for CT activation - is effective in reducing pain from cutaneous heating. The precise mechanisms for the pain relief are as yet unknown but possible mechanisms include inhibition of nociceptive projection neurons at the level of the dorsal horn as well as analgesia through cortical mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE Slow brushing stimuli - optimal for activation of C-tactile fibres - can reduce pain from cutaneous heating. No such effect was seen with fast brushing or vibration. These observations indicate the role of C-tactile fibres in pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liljencrantz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Strigo
- VA San Francisco Healthcare System, USA.,University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - D M Ellingsen
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - H H Krämer
- Department of Neurology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - L C Lundblad
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S S Nagi
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Sweden.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - S Leknes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - H Olausson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Sweden
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Genetic ablation of GINIP-expressing primary sensory neurons strongly impairs Formalin-evoked pain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43493. [PMID: 28240741 PMCID: PMC5378905 DOI: 10.1038/srep43493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory neurons are heterogeneous by myriad of molecular criteria. However, the functional significance of this remarkable heterogeneity is just emerging. We precedently described the GINIP+ neurons as a new subpopulation of non peptidergic C-fibers encompassing the free nerve ending cutaneous MRGPRD+ neurons and C-LTMRs. Using our recently generated ginip mouse model, we have been able to selectively ablate the GINIP+ neurons and assess their functional role in the somatosensation. We found that ablation of GINIP+ neurons affected neither the molecular contents nor the central projections of the spared neurons. GINIP-DTR mice exhibited impaired sensation to gentle mechanical stimuli applied to their hairy skin and had normal responses to noxious mechanical stimuli applied to their glabrous skin, under acute and injury-induced conditions. Importantly, loss of GINIP+ neurons significantly altered formalin-evoked first pain and drastically suppressed the second pain response. Given that MRGPRD+ neurons have been shown to be dispensable for formalin-evoked pain, our study suggest that C-LTMRs play a critical role in the modulation of formalin-evoked pain.
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Pin JP, Bettler B. Organization and functions of mGlu and GABAB receptor complexes. Nature 2016; 540:60-68. [DOI: 10.1038/nature20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Liu Z, Wang F, Fischer G, Hogan QH, Yu H. Peripheral nerve injury induces loss of nociceptive neuron-specific Gαi-interacting protein in neuropathic pain rat. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916646380. [PMID: 27145804 PMCID: PMC4956147 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916646380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gαi-interacting protein (GINIP) is expressed specifically in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and functions in modulation of peripheral gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GBR). Genetic deletion of GINIP leads to impaired responsiveness to GBR agonist-mediated analgesia in rodent. It is, however, not defined whether nerve injury changes GINIP expression. RESULTS Immunolabeling with validated antibody revealed GINIP expression in ~40% of total lumbar DRG neurons in normal adult rats. GINIP immunoreactivity was detected in ~80% of IB4-positive (nonpeptidergic) and ~30% of CGRP-positive (peptidergic) neurons. GINIP immunoreactivity in the spinal cord dorsal horn was colabeled with IB4 and partially with CGRP. In addition, GINIP was expressed in DRG neurons immunopositive for GBR1, GBR2, Gαi(s), and Gαo and was also extensively colabeled with multiple nociceptive neuronal markers, including Trpv1, NaV1.7, CaV2.2α1b, CaV3.2α1b, TrkA, and Trek2. Peripheral nerve injury by L5 spinal nerve ligation significantly decreased the proportion of GINIP immunoreactivity-positive neurons from 40 ± 8.4% to 0.8 ± 0.1% (p < 0.01, mean ± SD, four weeks after spinal nerve ligation) and the total GINIP protein to 1.3% ± 0.04% of its basal level (p < 0.01, n = 6 animals in each group, two weeks after spinal nerve ligation) in the ipsilateral L5 DRGs. CONCLUSION Our results show that GINIP is predominantly expressed by small nonpeptidergic nociceptive neurons and that nerve injury triggers loss of GINIP expression. Signal transduction roles of GINIP may be diverse as it colabeled with various subgroups of nociceptive neurons. Future studies may investigate details of the signaling mechanism engaged by GINIP, as well as the pathophysiological significance of lost expression of GINIP in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Department of Physiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gregory Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Dogra S, Sona C, Kumar A, Yadav PN. Epigenetic regulation of G protein coupled receptor signaling and its implications in psychiatric disorders. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:226-39. [PMID: 27046448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) act as a relay center through which extracellular signals, in the form of neurotransmitters or therapeutics, are converted into an intracellular response, which ultimately shapes the overall response at the tissue and behavioral level. Remarkably in similar ways, epigenetic mechanisms also modulate the expression pattern of a large number of genes in response to the dynamic environment inside and outside of the body, and consequently overall response. Emerging evidences from the pharmacogenomics and preclinical studies clearly suggest that these two distinct mechanisms criss-cross each other in several neurological disorders. At one hand such cross-talks between two distinct mechanisms make disease etiology more challenging to understand, while on the other hand if dealt appropriately, such situations might provide an opportunity to find novel druggable target and strategy for the treatment of complex diseases. In this review article, we have summarized and highlighted the main findings that tie epigenetic mechanisms to GPCR mediated signaling in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including depression, addiction and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dogra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Chandan Sona
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Shaikh S, Nagi SS, McGlone F, Mahns DA. Psychophysical Investigations into the Role of Low-Threshold C Fibres in Non-Painful Affective Processing and Pain Modulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138299. [PMID: 26372601 PMCID: PMC4570804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that C low-threshold mechanoreceptors (CLTMRs) contribute to touch-evoked pain (allodynia) during experimental muscle pain. Conversely, in absence of ongoing pain, the activation of CLTMRs has been shown to correlate with a diffuse sensation of pleasant touch. In this study, we evaluated (1) the primary afferent fibre types contributing to positive (pleasant) and negative (unpleasant) affective touch and (2) the effects of tactile stimuli on tonic muscle pain by varying affective attributes and frequency parameters. Psychophysical observations were made in 10 healthy participants. Two types of test stimuli were applied: stroking stimulus using velvet or sandpaper at speeds of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 cm/s; focal vibrotactile stimulus at low (20 Hz) or high (200 Hz) frequency. These stimuli were applied in the normal condition (i.e. no experimental pain) and following the induction of muscle pain by infusing hypertonic saline (5%) into the tibialis anterior muscle. These observations were repeated following the conduction block of myelinated fibres by compression of sciatic nerve. In absence of muscle pain, all participants reliably linked velvet-stroking to pleasantness and sandpaper-stroking to unpleasantness (no pain). Likewise, low-frequency vibration was linked to pleasantness and high-frequency vibration to unpleasantness. During muscle pain, the application of previously pleasant stimuli resulted in overall pain relief, whereas the application of previously unpleasant stimuli resulted in overall pain intensification. These effects were significant, reproducible and persisted following the blockade of myelinated fibres. Taken together, these findings suggest the role of low-threshold C fibres in affective and pain processing. Furthermore, these observations suggest that temporal coding need not be limited to discriminative aspects of tactile processing, but may contribute to affective attributes, which in turn predispose individual responses towards excitatory or inhibitory modulation of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Shaikh
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Saad S. Nagi
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Francis McGlone
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Mahns
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Cav3.2-expressing low-threshold C fibres in human hairy skin contribute to cold allodynia—a non-TRPV1- and non-TRPM8-dependent phenomenon. Pain 2015; 156:1566-1575. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Reynders A, Moqrich A. Analysis of cutaneous MRGPRD free nerve endings and C-LTMRs transcriptomes by RNA-sequencing. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:132-5. [PMID: 26484241 PMCID: PMC4583636 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest sensory organ that is densely innervated by highly specialized sensory neurons allowing the detection of a wide range of stimulations including light touch, temperature, itch and pain. Our knowledge of the sets of genes instructing the functional specialization of sensory neurons is just emerging. In a previous study, we have identified a new Gαi inhibitory interacting protein (GINIP) that marks two distinct subsets of skin-innervating sensory neurons conveying noxious and pleasant touch: the MRGPRD-expressing C-fibers specialized in noxious touch and the TH+/TAFA4+/V-GLUT3+ C-Low Threshold MechanoReceptors (C-LTMRs), part of neurons processing pleasant touch. In the recent study published by Reynders et al. (2015), we took advantage of GINIPmCherry mouse model in combination with Isolectin B4 (IB4) cell surface labeling and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). We successfully purified MRGPRD+, C-LTMRs and a heterogeneous population of sensory neurons and subjected their RNA contents RNA-deep sequencing (RNA-seq). The subsequent RNA-seq experiment led to the generation of unique sets of data representative of pure transcriptome profiles of each subset. As a result of this pioneering approach, we established the combinatorial expression of the sets of genes that could dictate the functional specializations of MRGPRD+ neurons and C-LTMRs. Herein we provide details regarding the experimental design, the quality controls and statistical analysis of the data deposited at Gene Expression Omnibus under the accession number GSE64091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reynders
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Aziz Moqrich
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Yadav R, Yan X, Maixner DW, Gao M, Weng HR. Blocking the GABA transporter GAT-1 ameliorates spinal GABAergic disinhibition and neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. J Neurochem 2015; 133:857-69. [PMID: 25827582 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for treating carcinomas. Patients receiving paclitaxel often develop neuropathic pain and have a reduced quality of life which hinders the use of this life-saving drug. In this study, we determined the role of GABA transporters in the genesis of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain using behavioral tests, electrophysiology, and biochemical techniques. We found that tonic GABA receptor activities in the spinal dorsal horn were reduced in rats with neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. In normal controls, tonic GABA receptor activities were mainly controlled by the GABA transporter GAT-1 but not GAT-3. In the spinal dorsal horn, GAT-1 was expressed at presynaptic terminals and astrocytes while GAT-3 was only expressed in astrocytes. In rats with paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, the protein expression of GAT-1 was increased while GAT-3 was decreased. This was concurrently associated with an increase in global GABA uptake. The paclitaxel-induced attenuation of GABAergic tonic inhibition was ameliorated by blocking GAT-1 but not GAT-3 transporters. Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain was significantly attenuated by the intrathecal injection of a GAT-1 inhibitor. These findings suggest that targeting GAT-1 transporters for reversing disinhibition in the spinal dorsal horn may be a useful approach for treating paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Patients receiving paclitaxel for cancer therapy often develop neuropathic pain and have a reduced quality of life. In this study, we demonstrated that animals treated with paclitaxel develop neuropathic pain, have enhancements of GABA transporter-1 protein expression and global GABA uptake, as well as suppression of GABAergic tonic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn. Pharmacological inhibition of GABA transporter-1 ameliorates the paclitaxel-induced suppression of GABAergic tonic inhibition and neuropathic pain. Thus, targeting GAT-1 transporters for reversing GABAergic disinhibition in the spinal dorsal horn could be a useful approach for treating paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xisheng Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dylan W Maixner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Reynders A, Mantilleri A, Malapert P, Rialle S, Nidelet S, Laffray S, Beurrier C, Bourinet E, Moqrich A. Transcriptional Profiling of Cutaneous MRGPRD Free Nerve Endings and C-LTMRs. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1007-1019. [PMID: 25683706 PMCID: PMC4542317 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous C-unmyelinated MRGPRD+ free nerve endings and C-LTMRs innervating hair follicles convey two opposite aspects of touch sensation: a sensation of pain and a sensation of pleasant touch. The molecular mechanisms underlying these diametrically opposite functions are unknown. Here, we used a mouse model that genetically marks C-LTMRs and MRGPRD+ neurons in combination with fluorescent cell surface labeling, flow cytometry, and RNA deep-sequencing technology (RNA-seq). Cluster analysis of RNA-seq profiles of the purified neuronal subsets revealed 486 and 549 genes differentially expressed in MRGPRD-expressing neurons and C-LTMRs, respectively. We validated 48 MRGPD- and 68 C-LTMRs-enriched genes using a triple-staining approach, and the Cav3.3 channel, found to be exclusively expressed in C-LTMRs, was validated using electrophysiology. Our study greatly expands the molecular characterization of C-LTMRs and suggests that this particular population of neurons shares some molecular features with Aβ and Aδ low-threshold mechanoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reynders
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Annabelle Mantilleri
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Pascale Malapert
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Stéphanie Rialle
- Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR 5203, CNRS, U1191, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Sabine Nidelet
- Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR 5203, CNRS, U1191, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Sophie Laffray
- Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR 5203, CNRS, U1191, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Corinne Beurrier
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR 5203, CNRS, U1191, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
| | - Aziz Moqrich
- Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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