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Prakash SS, Mayo JP, Ray S. Dissociation of attentional state and behavioral outcome using local field potentials. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.05.552102. [PMID: 37609148 PMCID: PMC10441331 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.05.552102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Successful behavior depends on attentional state and other factors related to decision-making, which may modulate neuronal activity differently. Here, we investigated whether attentional state and behavioral outcome (i.e., whether a target is detected or missed) are distinguishable using the power and phase of local field potential (LFP) recorded bilaterally from area V4 of monkeys performing a cued visual attention task. To link each trial's outcome to pairwise measures of attention that are typically averaged across trials, we used several methods to obtain single-trial estimates of spike count correlation and phase consistency. Surprisingly, while attentional location was best discriminated using gamma and high-gamma power, behavioral outcome was best discriminated by alpha power and steady-state visually evoked potential. Power outperformed absolute phase in attentional/behavioral discriminability, although single-trial gamma phase consistency provided reasonably high attentional discriminability. Our results suggest a dissociation between the neuronal mechanisms that regulate attentional focus and behavioral outcome.
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2
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Spyropoulos G, Schneider M, van Kempen J, Gieselmann MA, Thiele A, Vinck M. Distinct feedforward and feedback pathways for cell-type specific attention effects. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00281-2. [PMID: 38759641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Selective attention is thought to depend on enhanced firing activity in extrastriate areas. Theories suggest that this enhancement depends on selective inter-areal communication via gamma (30-80 Hz) phase-locking. To test this, we simultaneously recorded from different cell types and cortical layers of macaque V1 and V4. We find that while V1-V4 gamma phase-locking between local field potentials increases with attention, the V1 gamma rhythm does not engage V4 excitatory-neurons, but only fast-spiking interneurons in L4 of V4. By contrast, attention enhances V4 spike-rates in both excitatory and inhibitory cells, most strongly in L2/3. The rate increase in L2/3 of V4 precedes V1 in time. These findings suggest enhanced signal transmission with attention does not depend on inter-areal gamma phase-locking and show that the endogenous gamma rhythm has cell-type- and layer-specific effects on downstream target areas. Similar findings were made in the mouse visual system, based on opto-tagging of identified interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Spyropoulos
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marius Schneider
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jochem van Kempen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Alexander Thiele
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Liu F, Zheng H, Ma S, Zhang W, Liu X, Chua Y, Shi L, Zhao R. Advancing brain-inspired computing with hybrid neural networks. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae066. [PMID: 38577666 PMCID: PMC10989656 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-inspired computing, drawing inspiration from the fundamental structure and information-processing mechanisms of the human brain, has gained significant momentum in recent years. It has emerged as a research paradigm centered on brain-computer dual-driven and multi-network integration. One noteworthy instance of this paradigm is the hybrid neural network (HNN), which integrates computer-science-oriented artificial neural networks (ANNs) with neuroscience-oriented spiking neural networks (SNNs). HNNs exhibit distinct advantages in various intelligent tasks, including perception, cognition and learning. This paper presents a comprehensive review of HNNs with an emphasis on their origin, concepts, biological perspective, construction framework and supporting systems. Furthermore, insights and suggestions for potential research directions are provided aiming to propel the advancement of the HNN paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqiang Liu
- Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Tsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co. Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired Computing, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Tsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co. Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired Computing, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Songchen Ma
- Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Tsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co. Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired Computing, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weihao Zhang
- Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Tsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co. Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired Computing, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Tsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co. Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired Computing, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yansong Chua
- Neuromorphic Computing Laboratory, China Nanhu Academy of Electronics and Information Technology, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Luping Shi
- Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Tsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co. Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired Computing, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Tsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co. Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired Computing, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Kang JU, Mooshagian E, Snyder LH. Functional organization of posterior parietal cortex circuitry based on inferred information flow. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114028. [PMID: 38581681 PMCID: PMC11090617 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies infer the role of neurons by asking what information can be decoded from their activity or by observing the consequences of perturbing their activity. An alternative approach is to consider information flow between neurons. We applied this approach to the parietal reach region (PRR) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in posterior parietal cortex. Two complementary methods imply that across a range of reaching tasks, information flows primarily from PRR to LIP. This indicates that during a coordinated reach task, LIP has minimal influence on PRR and rules out the idea that LIP forms a general purpose spatial processing hub for action and cognition. Instead, we conclude that PRR and LIP operate in parallel to plan arm and eye movements, respectively, with asymmetric interactions that likely support eye-hand coordination. Similar methods can be applied to other areas to infer their functional relationships based on inferred information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Uk Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Eric Mooshagian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lawrence H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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5
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Lemercier CE, Krieger P, Manahan-Vaughan D. Dynamic modulation of mouse thalamocortical visual activity by salient sounds. iScience 2024; 27:109364. [PMID: 38523779 PMCID: PMC10959669 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual responses of the primary visual cortex (V1) are altered by sound. Sound-driven behavioral arousal suggests that, in addition to direct inputs from the primary auditory cortex (A1), multiple other sources may shape V1 responses to sound. Here, we show in anesthetized mice that sound (white noise, ≥70dB) drives a biphasic modulation of V1 visually driven gamma-band activity, comprising fast-transient inhibitory and slow, prolonged excitatory (A1-independent) arousal-driven components. An analogous yet quicker modulation of the visual response also occurred earlier in the visual pathway, at the level of the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), where sound transiently inhibited the early phasic visual response and subsequently induced a prolonged increase in tonic spiking activity and gamma rhythmicity. Our results demonstrate that sound-driven modulations of visual activity are not exclusive to V1 and suggest that thalamocortical inputs from the dLGN to V1 contribute to shaping V1 visual response to sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément E. Lemercier
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrik Krieger
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Lundqvist M, Miller EK, Nordmark J, Liljefors J, Herman P. Beta: bursts of cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2024:S1364-6613(24)00077-9. [PMID: 38658218 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Beta oscillations are linked to the control of goal-directed processing of sensory information and the timing of motor output. Recent evidence demonstrates they are not sustained but organized into intermittent high-power bursts mediating timely functional inhibition. This implies there is a considerable moment-to-moment variation in the neural dynamics supporting cognition. Beta bursts thus offer new opportunities for studying how sensory inputs are selectively processed, reshaped by inhibitory cognitive operations and ultimately result in motor actions. Recent method advances reveal diversity in beta bursts that provide deeper insights into their function and the underlying neural circuit activity motifs. We propose that brain-wide, spatiotemporal patterns of beta bursting reflect various cognitive operations and that their dynamics reveal nonlinear aspects of cortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Lundqvist
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; The Picower Institute for Learning & Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Earl K Miller
- The Picower Institute for Learning & Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonatan Nordmark
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Liljefors
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pawel Herman
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Digital Futures, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Ocklenburg S, Guo ZV. Cross-hemispheric communication: Insights on lateralized brain functions. Neuron 2024; 112:1222-1234. [PMID: 38458199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
On the surface, the two hemispheres of vertebrate brains look almost perfectly symmetrical, but several motor, sensory, and cognitive systems show a deeply lateralized organization. Importantly, the two hemispheres are connected by various commissures, white matter tracts that cross the brain's midline and enable cross-hemispheric communication. Cross-hemispheric communication has been suggested to play an important role in the emergence of lateralized brain functions. Here, we review current advances in understanding cross-hemispheric communication that have been made using modern neuroscientific tools in rodents and other model species, such as genetic labeling, large-scale recordings of neuronal activity, spatiotemporally precise perturbation, and quantitative behavior analyses. These findings suggest that the emergence of lateralized brain functions cannot be fully explained by largely static factors such as genetic variation and differences in structural brain asymmetries. In addition, learning-dependent asymmetric interactions between the left and right hemispheres shape lateralized brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Zengcai V Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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8
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Fang Z, Sack AT, Leunissen I. The phase of tACS-entrained pre-SMA beta oscillations modulates motor inhibition. Neuroimage 2024; 290:120572. [PMID: 38490584 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control has been linked to beta oscillations in the fronto-basal ganglia network. Here we aim to investigate the functional role of the phase of this oscillatory beta rhythm for successful motor inhibition. We applied 20 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) while presenting stop signals at 4 (Experiment 1) and 8 (Experiment 2) equidistant phases of the tACS entrained beta oscillations. Participants showed better inhibitory performance when stop signals were presented at the trough of the beta oscillation whereas their inhibitory control performance decreased with stop signals being presented at the oscillatory beta peak. These results are consistent with the communication through coherence theory, in which postsynaptic effects are thought to be greater when an input arrives at an optimal phase within the oscillatory cycle of the target neuronal population. The current study provides mechanistic insights into the neural communication principles underlying successful motor inhibition and may have implications for phase-specific interventions aimed at treating inhibitory control disorders such as PD or OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229EV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229EV, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Leunissen
- Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229EV, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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9
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Ruikes TR, Fiorilli J, Lim J, Huis In 't Veld G, Bosman C, Pennartz CMA. Theta Phase Entrainment of Single-Cell Spiking in Rat Somatosensory Barrel Cortex and Secondary Visual Cortex Is Enhanced during Multisensory Discrimination Behavior. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0180-23.2024. [PMID: 38621992 PMCID: PMC11055653 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0180-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase entrainment of cells by theta oscillations is thought to globally coordinate the activity of cell assemblies across different structures, such as the hippocampus and neocortex. This coordination is likely required for optimal processing of sensory input during recognition and decision-making processes. In quadruple-area ensemble recordings from male rats engaged in a multisensory discrimination task, we investigated phase entrainment of cells by theta oscillations in areas along the corticohippocampal hierarchy: somatosensory barrel cortex (S1BF), secondary visual cortex (V2L), perirhinal cortex (PER), and dorsal hippocampus (dHC). Rats discriminated between two 3D objects presented in tactile-only, visual-only, or both tactile and visual modalities. During task engagement, S1BF, V2L, PER, and dHC LFP signals showed coherent theta-band activity. We found phase entrainment of single-cell spiking activity to locally recorded as well as hippocampal theta activity in S1BF, V2L, PER, and dHC. While phase entrainment of hippocampal spikes to local theta oscillations occurred during sustained epochs of task trials and was nonselective for behavior and modality, somatosensory and visual cortical cells were only phase entrained during stimulus presentation, mainly in their preferred modality (S1BF, tactile; V2L, visual), with subsets of cells selectively phase-entrained during cross-modal stimulus presentation (S1BF: visual; V2L: tactile). This effect could not be explained by modulations of firing rate or theta amplitude. Thus, hippocampal cells are phase entrained during prolonged epochs, while sensory and perirhinal neurons are selectively entrained during sensory stimulus presentation, providing a brief time window for coordination of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs R Ruikes
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Fiorilli
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Lim
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Huis In 't Veld
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Conrado Bosman
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel M A Pennartz
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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Vissani M, Bush A, Lipski WJ, Fischer P, Neudorfer C, Holt LL, Fiez JA, Turner RS, Richardson RM. Spatiotemporally-specific cortical-subthalamic coupling differentiates aspects of speech performance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.18.562969. [PMID: 37905141 PMCID: PMC10614892 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Speech provides a rich context for exploring human cortical-basal ganglia circuit function, but direct intracranial recordings are rare. We recorded electrocorticographic signals in the cortex synchronously with single units in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a basal ganglia node that receives direct input from widespread cortical regions, while participants performed a syllable repetition task during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. We discovered that STN neurons exhibited spike-phase coupling (SPC) events with distinct combinations of frequency, location, and timing that indexed specific aspects of speech. The strength of SPC to posterior perisylvian cortex predicted phoneme production accuracy, while that of SPC to perirolandic cortex predicted time taken for articulation Thus, STN-cortical interactions are coordinated via transient bursts of behavior-specific synchronization that involves multiple neuronal populations and timescales. These results both suggest mechanisms that support auditory-sensorimotor integration during speech and explain why firing-rate based models are insufficient for explaining basal ganglia circuit behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vissani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alan Bush
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Witold J. Lipski
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Petra Fischer
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, BS8 1TD Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lori L. Holt
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Julie A. Fiez
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, PA, USA
| | - Robert S. Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - R. Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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11
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Hönigsperger C, Storm JF, Arena A. Laminar evoked responses in mouse somatosensory cortex suggest a special role for deep layers in cortical complexity. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:752-770. [PMID: 37586411 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that consciousness is closely related to the complexity of the brain. The perturbational complexity index (PCI) has been used in humans and rodents to distinguish conscious from unconscious states based on the global cortical responses (recorded by electroencephalography, EEG) to local cortical stimulation (CS). However, it is unclear how different cortical layers respond to CS and contribute to the resulting intra- and inter-areal cortical connectivity and PCI. A detailed investigation of the local dynamics is needed to understand the basis for PCI. We hypothesized that the complexity level of global cortical responses (PCI) correlates with layer-specific activity and connectivity. We tested this idea by measuring global cortical dynamics and layer-specific activity in the somatosensory cortex (S1) of mice, combining cortical electrical stimulation in deep motor cortex, global electrocorticography (ECoG) and local laminar recordings from layers 1-6 in S1, during wakefulness and general anaesthesia (sevoflurane). We found that the transition from wake to sevoflurane anaesthesia correlated with a drop in both the global and local PCI (PCIst ) values (complexity). This was accompanied by a local decrease in neural firing rate, spike-field coherence and long-range functional connectivity specific to deep layers (L5, L6). Our results suggest that deep cortical layers are mechanistically important for changes in PCI and thereby for changes in the state of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan F Storm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandro Arena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Douchamps V, di Volo M, Torcini A, Battaglia D, Goutagny R. Gamma oscillatory complexity conveys behavioral information in hippocampal networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1849. [PMID: 38418832 PMCID: PMC10902292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex exhibit rich oscillatory patterns critical for cognitive functions. In the hippocampal region CA1, specific gamma-frequency oscillations, timed at different phases of the ongoing theta rhythm, are hypothesized to facilitate the integration of information from varied sources and contribute to distinct cognitive processes. Here, we show that gamma elements -a multidimensional characterization of transient gamma oscillatory episodes- occur at any frequency or phase relative to the ongoing theta rhythm across all CA1 layers in male mice. Despite their low power and stochastic-like nature, individual gamma elements still carry behavior-related information and computational modeling suggests that they reflect neuronal firing. Our findings challenge the idea of rigid gamma sub-bands, showing that behavior shapes ensembles of irregular gamma elements that evolve with learning and depend on hippocampal layers. Widespread gamma diversity, beyond randomness, may thus reflect complexity, likely functional but invisible to classic average-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Douchamps
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matteo di Volo
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, Bron, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation (LPTM), CNRS, UMR 8089, 95302, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Alessandro Torcini
- CY Cergy Paris Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation (LPTM), CNRS, UMR 8089, 95302, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Demian Battaglia
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France.
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), INSERM, UMR 1106, Marseille, France.
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.
| | - Romain Goutagny
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), CNRS, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France.
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13
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Nie JZ, Flint RD, Prakash P, Hsieh JK, Mugler EM, Tate MC, Rosenow JM, Slutzky MW. High-Gamma Activity Is Coupled to Low-Gamma Oscillations in Precentral Cortices and Modulates with Movement and Speech. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0163-23.2023. [PMID: 38242691 PMCID: PMC10867721 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0163-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Planning and executing motor behaviors requires coordinated neural activity among multiple cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. Phase-amplitude coupling between the high-gamma band amplitude and the phase of low frequency oscillations (theta, alpha, beta) has been proposed to reflect neural communication, as has synchronization of low-gamma oscillations. However, coupling between low-gamma and high-gamma bands has not been investigated. Here, we measured phase-amplitude coupling between low- and high-gamma in monkeys performing a reaching task and in humans either performing finger-flexion or word-reading tasks. We found significant coupling between low-gamma phase and high-gamma amplitude in multiple sensorimotor and premotor cortices of both species during all tasks. This coupling modulated with the onset of movement. These findings suggest that interactions between the low and high gamma bands are markers of network dynamics related to movement and speech generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Z Nie
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62794, Illinois
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
| | - Robert D Flint
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
| | - Prashanth Prakash
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
| | - Jason K Hsieh
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emily M Mugler
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
| | - Matthew C Tate
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
| | - Joshua M Rosenow
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago 60611, Illinois
| | - Marc W Slutzky
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago 60611, Illinois
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston 60201, Illinois
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14
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Katsanevaki C, Bastos AM, Cagnan H, Bosman CA, Friston KJ, Fries P. Attentional effects on local V1 microcircuits explain selective V1-V4 communication. Neuroimage 2023; 281:120375. [PMID: 37714390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective attention implements preferential routing of attended stimuli, likely through increasing the influence of the respective synaptic inputs on higher-area neurons. As the inputs of competing stimuli converge onto postsynaptic neurons, presynaptic circuits might offer the best target for attentional top-down influences. If those influences enabled presynaptic circuits to selectively entrain postsynaptic neurons, this might explain selective routing. Indeed, when two visual stimuli induce two gamma rhythms in V1, only the gamma induced by the attended stimulus entrains gamma in V4. Here, we modelled induced responses with a Dynamic Causal Model for Cross-Spectral Densities and found that selective entrainment can be explained by attentional modulation of intrinsic V1 connections. Specifically, local inhibition was decreased in the granular input layer and increased in the supragranular output layer of the V1 circuit that processed the attended stimulus. Thus, presynaptic attentional influences and ensuing entrainment were sufficient to mediate selective routing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christini Katsanevaki
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt 60528, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Neural Circuits, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
| | - André M Bastos
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt 60528, Germany; Department of Psychology and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Hayriye Cagnan
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Conrado A Bosman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, the Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Karl J Friston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Pascal Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt 60528, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Neural Circuits, Frankfurt 60438, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, the Netherlands
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15
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Parto-Dezfouli M, Vezoli J, Bosman CA, Fries P. Enhanced behavioral performance through interareal gamma and beta synchronization. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113249. [PMID: 37837620 PMCID: PMC10679823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functioning requires coordination between brain areas. Between visual areas, feedforward gamma synchronization improves behavioral performance. Here, we investigate whether similar principles hold across brain regions and frequency bands, using simultaneous electrocorticographic recordings from 15 areas of two macaque monkeys during performance of a selective attention task. Short behavioral reaction times (RTs), suggesting efficient interareal communication, occurred when occipital areas V1, V2, V4, and DP showed gamma synchronization, and fronto-central areas S1, 5, F1, F2, and F4 showed beta synchronization. For both area clusters and corresponding frequency bands, deviations from the typically observed phase relations increased RTs. Across clusters and frequency bands, good phase relations occurred in a correlated manner specifically when they processed the behaviorally relevant stimulus. Furthermore, the fronto-central cluster exerted a beta-band influence onto the occipital cluster whose strength predicted short RTs. These results suggest that local gamma and beta synchronization and their inter-regional coordination jointly improve behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Parto-Dezfouli
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julien Vezoli
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Conrado Arturo Bosman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Wang J, Azimi H, Zhao Y, Kaeser M, Vaca Sánchez P, Vazquez-Guardado A, Rogers JA, Harvey M, Rainer G. Optogenetic activation of visual thalamus generates artificial visual percepts. eLife 2023; 12:e90431. [PMID: 37791662 PMCID: PMC10593406 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a retinotopic relay center where visual inputs from the retina are processed and relayed to the visual cortex, has been proposed as a potential target for artificial vision. At present, it is unknown whether optogenetic LGN stimulation is sufficient to elicit behaviorally relevant percepts, and the properties of LGN neural responses relevant for artificial vision have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that tree shrews pretrained on a visual detection task can detect optogenetic LGN activation using an AAV2-CamKIIα-ChR2 construct and readily generalize from visual to optogenetic detection. Simultaneous recordings of LGN spiking activity and primary visual cortex (V1) local field potentials (LFPs) during optogenetic LGN stimulation show that LGN neurons reliably follow optogenetic stimulation at frequencies up to 60 Hz and uncovered a striking phase locking between the V1 LFP and the evoked spiking activity in LGN. These phase relationships were maintained over a broad range of LGN stimulation frequencies, up to 80 Hz, with spike field coherence values favoring higher frequencies, indicating the ability to relay temporally precise information to V1 using light activation of the LGN. Finally, V1 LFP responses showed sensitivity values to LGN optogenetic activation that were similar to the animal's behavioral performance. Taken together, our findings confirm the LGN as a potential target for visual prosthetics in a highly visual mammal closely related to primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hamid Azimi
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Yilei Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Melanie Kaeser
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | | | | | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Michael Harvey
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Department of Medicine, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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17
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Griffiths BJ, Jensen O. Gamma oscillations and episodic memory. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:832-846. [PMID: 37550159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced gamma oscillatory activity (30-80 Hz) accompanies the successful formation and retrieval of episodic memories. While this co-occurrence is well documented, the mechanistic contributions of gamma oscillatory activity to episodic memory remain unclear. Here, we review how gamma oscillatory activity may facilitate spike timing-dependent plasticity, neural communication, and sequence encoding/retrieval, thereby ensuring the successful formation and/or retrieval of an episodic memory. Based on the evidence reviewed, we propose that multiple, distinct forms of gamma oscillation can be found within the canonical gamma band, each of which has a complementary role in the neural processes listed above. Further exploration of these theories using causal manipulations may be key to elucidating the relevance of gamma oscillatory activity to episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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18
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Krishnakumaran R, Ray S. Temporal characteristics of gamma rhythm constrain properties of noise in an inhibition-stabilized network model. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10108-10121. [PMID: 37492002 PMCID: PMC10502791 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma rhythm refers to oscillatory neural activity between 30 and 80 Hz, induced in visual cortex by stimuli such as iso-luminant hues or gratings. The power and peak frequency of gamma depend on the properties of the stimulus such as size and contrast. Gamma waveform is typically arch-shaped, with narrow troughs and broad peaks, and can be replicated in a self-oscillating Wilson-Cowan (WC) model operating in an appropriate regime. However, oscillations in this model are infinitely long, unlike physiological gamma that occurs in short bursts. Further, unlike the model, gamma is faster after stimulus onset and slows down over time. Here, we first characterized gamma burst duration in local field potential data recorded from two monkeys as they viewed full screen iso-luminant hues. We then added different types of noise in the inputs to the WC model and tested how that affected duration and temporal dynamics of gamma. While the model failed with the often-used Poisson noise, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise applied to both the excitatory and the inhibitory populations replicated the duration and slowing of gamma and replicated the shape and stimulus dependencies. Thus, the temporal dynamics of gamma oscillations put constraints on the type and properties of underlying neural noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Krishnakumaran
- IISc Mathematics Initiative, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman road, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Supratim Ray
- IISc Mathematics Initiative, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman road, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman road, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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19
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Xiong YS, Donoghue JA, Lundqvist M, Mahnke M, Major AJ, Brown EN, Miller EK, Bastos AM. Propofol-mediated loss of consciousness disrupts predictive routing and local field phase modulation of neural activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.02.555990. [PMID: 37732234 PMCID: PMC10508719 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.02.555990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Predictive coding is a fundamental function of the cortex. The predictive routing model proposes a neurophysiological implementation for predictive coding. Predictions are fed back from deep-layer cortex via alpha/beta (8-30Hz) oscillations. They inhibit the gamma (40-100Hz) and spiking that feed sensory inputs forward. Unpredicted inputs arrive in circuits unprepared by alpha/beta, resulting in enhanced gamma and spiking. To test the predictive routing model and its role in consciousness, we collected data from intracranial recordings of macaque monkeys during passive presentation of auditory oddballs (e.g., AAAAB) before and after propofol-mediated loss of consciousness (LOC). In line with the predictive routing model, alpha/beta oscillations in the awake state served to inhibit the processing of predictable stimuli. Propofol-mediated LOC eliminated alpha/beta modulation by a predictable stimulus in sensory cortex and alpha/beta coherence between sensory and frontal areas. As a result, oddball stimuli evoked enhanced gamma power, late (> 200 ms from stimulus onset) period spiking, and superficial layer sinks in sensory cortex. Therefore, auditory cortex was in a disinhibited state during propofol-mediated LOC. However, despite these enhanced feedforward responses in auditory cortex, there was a loss of differential spiking to oddballs in higher order cortex. This may be a consequence of a loss of within-area and inter-area spike-field coupling in the alpha/beta and gamma frequency bands. These results provide strong constraints for current theories of consciousness. Significance statement Neurophysiology studies have found alpha/beta oscillations (8-30Hz), gamma oscillations (40-100Hz), and spiking activity during cognition. Alpha/beta power has an inverse relationship with gamma power/spiking. This inverse relationship suggests that gamma/spiking are under the inhibitory control of alpha/beta. The predictive routing model hypothesizes that alpha/beta oscillations selectively inhibit (and thereby control) cortical activity that is predictable. We tested whether this inhibitory control is a signature of consciousness. We used multi-area neurophysiology recordings in monkeys presented with tone sequences that varied in predictability. We recorded brain activity as the anesthetic propofol was administered to manipulate consciousness. Compared to conscious processing, propofol-mediated unconsciousness disrupted alpha/beta inhibitory control during predictive processing. This led to a disinhibition of gamma/spiking, consistent with the predictive routing model.
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20
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Anand S, Cho H, Adamek M, Burton H, Moran D, Leuthardt E, Brunner P. High gamma coherence between task-responsive sensory-motor cortical regions in a motor reaction-time task. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:628-639. [PMID: 37584101 PMCID: PMC10648945 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00172.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical activity at high gamma frequencies (70-170 Hz) is thought to reflect the activity of small cortical ensembles. For example, high gamma activity (often quantified by spectral power) can increase in sensory-motor cortex in response to sensory stimuli or movement. On the other hand, synchrony of neural activity between cortical areas (often quantified by coherence) has been hypothesized as an important mechanism for inter-areal communication, thereby serving functional roles in cognition and behavior. Currently, high gamma activity has primarily been studied as a local amplitude phenomenon. We investigated the synchronization of high gamma activity within sensory-motor cortex and the extent to which underlying high gamma activity can explain coherence during motor tasks. We characterized high gamma coherence in sensory-motor networks and the relationship between coherence and power by analyzing electrocorticography (ECoG) data from human subjects as they performed a motor response to sensory cues. We found greatly increased high gamma coherence during the motor response compared with the sensory cue. High gamma power poorly predicted high gamma coherence, but the two shared a similar time course. However, high gamma coherence persisted longer than high gamma power. The results of this study suggest that high gamma coherence is a physiologically distinct phenomenon during a sensory-motor task, the emergence of which may require active task participation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor action after auditory stimulus elicits high gamma responses in sensory-motor and auditory cortex, respectively. We show that high gamma coherence reliably and greatly increased during motor response, but not after auditory stimulus. Underlying high gamma power could not explain high gamma coherence. Our results indicate that high gamma coherence is a physiologically distinct sensory-motor phenomenon that may serve as an indicator of increased synaptic communication on short timescales (∼1 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hohyun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Markus Adamek
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Harold Burton
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Daniel Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Eric Leuthardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States
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21
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Brown JA, Clancy KJ, Chen C, Zeng Y, Qin S, Ding M, Li W. Transcranial stimulation of alpha oscillations modulates brain state dynamics in sustained attention. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.27.542583. [PMID: 37398325 PMCID: PMC10312462 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.27.542583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The brain operates an advanced complex system to support mental activities. Cognition is thought to emerge from dynamic states of the complex brain system, which are organized spatially through large-scale neural networks and temporally via neural synchrony. However, specific mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure. Applying high-definition alpha-frequency transcranial alternating-current stimulation (HD α-tACS) in a continuous performance task (CPT) during functional resonance imaging (fMRI), we causally elucidate these major organizational architectures in a key cognitive operation-sustained attention. We demonstrated that α-tACS enhanced both electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power and sustained attention, in a correlated fashion. Akin to temporal fluctuations inherent in sustained attention, our hidden Markov modeling (HMM) of fMRI timeseries uncovered several recurrent, dynamic brain states, which were organized through a few major neural networks and regulated by the alpha oscillation. Specifically, during sustain attention, α-tACS regulated the temporal dynamics of the brain states by suppressing a Task-Negative state (characterized by activation of the default mode network/DMN) and Distraction state (with activation of the ventral attention and visual networks). These findings thus linked dynamic states of major neural networks and alpha oscillations, providing important insights into systems-level mechanisms of attention. They also highlight the efficacy of non-invasive oscillatory neuromodulation in probing the functioning of the complex brain system and encourage future clinical applications to improve neural systems health and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Brown
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Kevin J. Clancy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Chaowen Chen
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
- Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Yimeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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22
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Quansah Amissah R, Albeely AM, Bragg EM, Perreault ML, Doucette WT, Khokhar JY. A Simple, Lightweight, and Low-Cost Customizable Multielectrode Array for Local Field Potential Recordings. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0212-23.2023. [PMID: 37643859 PMCID: PMC10467017 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0212-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Local field potential (LFP) recording is a valuable method for assessing brain systems communication. Multiple methods have been developed to collect LFP data to study the rhythmic activity of the brain. These methods range from the use of single or bundled metal electrodes to electrode arrays that can target multiple brain regions. Although these electrodes are efficient in collecting LFP activity, they can be expensive, difficult to build, and less adaptable to different applications, which may include targeting multiple brain regions simultaneously. Here, the building process for a 16-channel customizable multielectrode array (CMEA) that can be used to collect LFP data from different brain regions simultaneously in rats is described. These CMEA electrode arrays are lightweight (<1 g), take little time to build (<1 h), and are affordable ($15 Canadian). The CMEA can also be modified to record single-unit and multiunit activity in addition to LFP activity using both wired and wireless neural data acquisition systems. Moreover, these CMEAs can be used to explore neural activity (LFP and single-unit/multiunit activity) in preliminary studies, before purchasing more expensive electrodes for targeted studies. Together, these characteristics make the described CMEA a competitive alternative to the commercially available multielectrode arrays for its simplicity, low cost, and efficiency in collecting LFP data in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Quansah Amissah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Abdalla M Albeely
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elise M Bragg
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1404
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Wilder T Doucette
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1404
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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23
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Abbasi O, Steingräber N, Chalas N, Kluger DS, Gross J. Spatiotemporal dynamics characterise spectral connectivity profiles of continuous speaking and listening. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002178. [PMID: 37478152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech production and perception are fundamental processes of human cognition that both rely on intricate processing mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Here, we study these processes by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to comprehensively map connectivity of regional brain activity within the brain and to the speech envelope during continuous speaking and listening. Our results reveal not only a partly shared neural substrate for both processes but also a dissociation in space, delay, and frequency. Neural activity in motor and frontal areas is coupled to succeeding speech in delta band (1 to 3 Hz), whereas coupling in the theta range follows speech in temporal areas during speaking. Neural connectivity results showed a separation of bottom-up and top-down signalling in distinct frequency bands during speaking. Here, we show that frequency-specific connectivity channels for bottom-up and top-down signalling support continuous speaking and listening. These findings further shed light on the complex interplay between different brain regions involved in speech production and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Abbasi
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Steingräber
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos Chalas
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel S Kluger
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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24
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de Vries SEJ, Siegle JH, Koch C. Sharing neurophysiology data from the Allen Brain Observatory. eLife 2023; 12:e85550. [PMID: 37432073 PMCID: PMC10335829 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nullius in verba ('trust no one'), chosen as the motto of the Royal Society in 1660, implies that independently verifiable observations-rather than authoritative claims-are a defining feature of empirical science. As the complexity of modern scientific instrumentation has made exact replications prohibitive, sharing data is now essential for ensuring the trustworthiness of one's findings. While embraced in spirit by many, in practice open data sharing remains the exception in contemporary systems neuroscience. Here, we take stock of the Allen Brain Observatory, an effort to share data and metadata associated with surveys of neuronal activity in the visual system of laboratory mice. Data from these surveys have been used to produce new discoveries, to validate computational algorithms, and as a benchmark for comparison with other data, resulting in over 100 publications and preprints to date. We distill some of the lessons learned about open surveys and data reuse, including remaining barriers to data sharing and what might be done to address these.
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25
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Dowdall JR, Schneider M, Vinck M. Attentional modulation of inter-areal coherence explained by frequency shifts. Neuroimage 2023:120256. [PMID: 37392809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-areal coherence has been hypothesized as a mechanism for inter-areal communication. Indeed, empirical studies have observed an increase in inter-areal coherence with attention. Yet, the mechanisms underlying changes in coherence remain largely unknown. Both attention and stimulus salience are associated with shifts in the peak frequency of gamma oscillations in V1, which suggests that the frequency of oscillations may play a role in facilitating changes in inter-areal communication and coherence. In this study, we used computational modeling to investigate how the peak frequency of a sender influences inter-areal coherence. We show that changes in the magnitude of coherence are largely determined by the peak frequency of the sender. However, the pattern of coherence depends on the intrinsic properties of the receiver, specifically whether the receiver integrates or resonates with its synaptic inputs. Because resonant receivers are frequency-selective, resonance has been proposed as a mechanism for selective communication. However, the pattern of coherence changes produced by a resonant receiver is inconsistent with empirical studies. By contrast, an integrator receiver does produce the pattern of coherence with frequency shifts in the sender observed in empirical studies. These results indicate that coherence can be a misleading measure of inter-areal interactions. This led us to develop a new measure of inter-areal interactions, which we refer to as Explained Power. We show that Explained Power maps directly to the signal transmitted by the sender filtered by the receiver, and thus provides a method to quantify the true signals transmitted between the sender and receiver. Together, these findings provide a model of changes in inter-areal coherence and Granger-causality as a result of frequency shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Robert Dowdall
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Marius Schneider
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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26
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Klaver LMF, Brinkhof LP, Sikkens T, Casado-Román L, Williams AG, van Mourik-Donga L, Mejías JF, Pennartz CMA, Bosman CA. Spontaneous variations in arousal modulate subsequent visual processing and local field potential dynamics in the ferret during quiet wakefulness. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:7564-7581. [PMID: 36935096 PMCID: PMC10267643 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral states affect neuronal responses throughout the cortex and influence visual processing. Quiet wakefulness (QW) is a behavioral state during which subjects are quiescent but awake and connected to the environment. Here, we examined the effects of pre-stimulus arousal variability on post-stimulus neural activity in the primary visual cortex and posterior parietal cortex in awake ferrets, using pupil diameter as an indicator of arousal. We observed that the power of stimuli-induced alpha (8-12 Hz) decreases when the arousal level increases. The peak of alpha power shifts depending on arousal. High arousal increases inter- and intra-areal coherence. Using a simplified model of laminar circuits, we show that this connectivity pattern is compatible with feedback signals targeting infragranular layers in area posterior parietal cortex and supragranular layers in V1. During high arousal, neurons in V1 displayed higher firing rates at their preferred orientations. Broad-spiking cells in V1 are entrained to high-frequency oscillations (>80 Hz), whereas narrow-spiking neurons are phase-locked to low- (12-18 Hz) and high-frequency (>80 Hz) rhythms. These results indicate that the variability and sensitivity of post-stimulus cortical responses and coherence depend on the pre-stimulus behavioral state and account for the neuronal response variability observed during repeated stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne M F Klaver
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte P Brinkhof
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Sikkens
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Casado-Román
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex G Williams
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Mourik-Donga
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge F Mejías
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Program Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel M A Pennartz
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Program Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conrado A Bosman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Program Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Rodriguez-Larios J, Haegens S. Genuine beta bursts in human working memory: controlling for the influence of lower-frequency rhythms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542448. [PMID: 37292960 PMCID: PMC10245977 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human working memory is associated with significant modulations in oscillatory brain activity. However, the functional role of brain rhythms at different frequencies is still debated. Modulations in the beta frequency range (15-40 Hz) are especially difficult to interpret because they could be artifactually produced by (more prominent) oscillations in lower frequencies that show non-sinusoidal properties. In this study, we investigate beta oscillations during working memory while controlling for the possible influence of lower frequency rhythms. We collected electroencephalography (EEG) data in 31 participants who performed a spatial working-memory task with two levels of cognitive load. In order to rule out the possibility that observed beta activity was affected by non-sinusoidalities of lower frequency rhythms, we developed an algorithm that detects transient beta oscillations that do not coincide with more prominent lower frequency rhythms in time and space. Using this algorithm, we show that the amplitude and duration of beta bursts decrease with memory load and during memory manipulation, while their peak frequency and rate increase. In addition, interindividual differences in performance were significantly associated with beta burst rates. Together, our results show that beta rhythms are functionally modulated during working memory and that these changes cannot be attributed to lower frequency rhythms with non-sinusoidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Rodriguez-Larios
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA, NY 10032
- Div. of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA, NY 10032
| | - Saskia Haegens
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA, NY 10032
- Div. of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA, NY 10032
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 6525 EN
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28
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Schneider M, Tzanou A, Uran C, Vinck M. Cell-type-specific propagation of visual flicker. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112492. [PMID: 37195864 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic flicker stimulation has gained interest as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases and as a method for frequency tagging neural activity. Yet, little is known about the way in which flicker-induced synchronization propagates across cortical levels and impacts different cell types. Here, we use Neuropixels to record from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the primary visual cortex (V1), and CA1 in mice while presenting visual flicker stimuli. LGN neurons show strong phase locking up to 40 Hz, whereas phase locking is substantially weaker in V1 and is absent in CA1. Laminar analyses reveal an attenuation of phase locking at 40 Hz for each processing stage. Gamma-rhythmic flicker predominantly entrains fast-spiking interneurons. Optotagging experiments show that these neurons correspond to either parvalbumin (PV+) or narrow-waveform somatostatin (Sst+) neurons. A computational model can explain the observed differences based on the neurons' capacitative low-pass filtering properties. In summary, the propagation of synchronized activity and its effect on distinct cell types strongly depend on its frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schneider
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Athanasia Tzanou
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cem Uran
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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29
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Kang JU. Motion Processing and Categorical Decisions in Medial Superior Temporal and Lateral Intraparietal Areas. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3392-3393. [PMID: 37164641 PMCID: PMC10184726 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0180-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Uk Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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30
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Cho KKA, Shi J, Phensy AJ, Turner ML, Sohal VS. Long-range inhibition synchronizes and updates prefrontal task activity. Nature 2023; 617:548-554. [PMID: 37100905 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Changes in patterns of activity within the medial prefrontal cortex enable rodents, non-human primates and humans to update their behaviour to adapt to changes in the environment-for example, during cognitive tasks1-5. Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex are important for learning new strategies during a rule-shift task6-8, but the circuit interactions that switch prefrontal network dynamics from maintaining to updating task-related patterns of activity remain unknown. Here we describe a mechanism that links parvalbumin-expressing neurons, a new callosal inhibitory connection, and changes in task representations. Whereas nonspecifically inhibiting all callosal projections does not prevent mice from learning rule shifts or disrupt the evolution of activity patterns, selectively inhibiting only callosal projections of parvalbumin-expressing neurons impairs rule-shift learning, desynchronizes the gamma-frequency activity that is necessary for learning8 and suppresses the reorganization of prefrontal activity patterns that normally accompanies rule-shift learning. This dissociation reveals how callosal parvalbumin-expressing projections switch the operating mode of prefrontal circuits from maintenance to updating by transmitting gamma synchrony and gating the ability of other callosal inputs to maintain previously established neural representations. Thus, callosal projections originating from parvalbumin-expressing neurons represent a key circuit locus for understanding and correcting the deficits in behavioural flexibility and gamma synchrony that have been implicated in schizophrenia and related conditions9,10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen K A Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127-CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.
| | - Jingcheng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aarron J Phensy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marc L Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vikaas S Sohal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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31
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Kovács P, Tóth B, Honbolygó F, Szalárdy O, Kohári A, Mády K, Magyari L, Winkler I. Speech prosody supports speaker selection and auditory stream segregation in a multi-talker situation. Brain Res 2023; 1805:148246. [PMID: 36657631 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To process speech in a multi-talker environment, listeners need to segregate the mixture of incoming speech streams and focus their attention on one of them. Potentially, speech prosody could aid the segregation of different speakers, the selection of the desired speech stream, and detecting targets within the attended stream. For testing these issues, we recorded behavioral responses and extracted event-related potentials and functional brain networks from electroencephalographic signals recorded while participants listened to two concurrent speech streams, performing a lexical detection and a recognition memory task in parallel. Prosody manipulation was applied to the attended speech stream in one group of participants and to the ignored speech stream in another group. Naturally recorded speech stimuli were either intact, synthetically F0-flattened, or prosodically suppressed by the speaker. Results show that prosody - especially the parsing cues mediated by speech rate - facilitates stream selection, while playing a smaller role in auditory stream segmentation and target detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kovács
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Tóth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Honbolygó
- Brain Imaging Center, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Szalárdy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungary; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Kohári
- Research Group of Phonetics, Institute for General and Hungarian Linguistics, Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, Hungary
| | - Katalin Mády
- Research Group of Phonetics, Institute for General and Hungarian Linguistics, Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, Hungary
| | - Lilla Magyari
- Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Reading Education and Research, Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - István Winkler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungary
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32
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Vinck M, Uran C, Spyropoulos G, Onorato I, Broggini AC, Schneider M, Canales-Johnson A. Principles of large-scale neural interactions. Neuron 2023; 111:987-1002. [PMID: 37023720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
What mechanisms underlie flexible inter-areal communication in the cortex? We consider four mechanisms for temporal coordination and their contributions to communication: (1) Oscillatory synchronization (communication-through-coherence); (2) communication-through-resonance; (3) non-linear integration; and (4) linear signal transmission (coherence-through-communication). We discuss major challenges for communication-through-coherence based on layer- and cell-type-specific analyses of spike phase-locking, heterogeneity of dynamics across networks and states, and computational models for selective communication. We argue that resonance and non-linear integration are viable alternative mechanisms that facilitate computation and selective communication in recurrent networks. Finally, we consider communication in relation to cortical hierarchy and critically examine the hypothesis that feedforward and feedback communication use fast (gamma) and slow (alpha/beta) frequencies, respectively. Instead, we propose that feedforward propagation of prediction errors relies on the non-linear amplification of aperiodic transients, whereas gamma and beta rhythms represent rhythmic equilibrium states that facilitate sustained and efficient information encoding and amplification of short-range feedback via resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vinck
- Ernst Struengmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cem Uran
- Ernst Struengmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Spyropoulos
- Ernst Struengmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irene Onorato
- Ernst Struengmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Clara Broggini
- Ernst Struengmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marius Schneider
- Ernst Struengmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andres Canales-Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB Cambridge, UK; Centro de Investigacion en Neuropsicologia y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Catolica del Maule, 3480122 Talca, Chile.
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33
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Fernandez-Ruiz A, Sirota A, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Dupret D. Over and above frequency: Gamma oscillations as units of neural circuit operations. Neuron 2023; 111:936-953. [PMID: 37023717 PMCID: PMC7614431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations (∼30-150 Hz) are widespread correlates of neural circuit functions. These network activity patterns have been described across multiple animal species, brain structures, and behaviors, and are usually identified based on their spectral peak frequency. Yet, despite intensive investigation, whether gamma oscillations implement causal mechanisms of specific brain functions or represent a general dynamic mode of neural circuit operation remains unclear. In this perspective, we review recent advances in the study of gamma oscillations toward a deeper understanding of their cellular mechanisms, neural pathways, and functional roles. We discuss that a given gamma rhythm does not per se implement any specific cognitive function but rather constitutes an activity motif reporting the cellular substrates, communication channels, and computational operations underlying information processing in its generating brain circuit. Accordingly, we propose shifting the attention from a frequency-based to a circuit-level definition of gamma oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Sirota
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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34
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Roelfsema PR. Solving the binding problem: Assemblies form when neurons enhance their firing rate-they don't need to oscillate or synchronize. Neuron 2023; 111:1003-1019. [PMID: 37023707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
When we look at an image, its features are represented in our visual system in a highly distributed manner, calling for a mechanism that binds them into coherent object representations. There have been different proposals for the neuronal mechanisms that can mediate binding. One hypothesis is that binding is achieved by oscillations that synchronize neurons representing features of the same perceptual object. This view allows separate communication channels between different brain areas. Another hypothesis is that binding of features that are represented in different brain regions occurs when the neurons in these areas that respond to the same object simultaneously enhance their firing rate, which would correspond to directing object-based attention to these features. This review summarizes evidence in favor of and against these two hypotheses, examining the neuronal correlates of binding and assessing the time course of perceptual grouping. I conclude that enhanced neuronal firing rates bind features into coherent object representations, whereas oscillations and synchrony are unrelated to binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter R Roelfsema
- Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Visual Brain Therapy, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France.
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35
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Shin D, Peelman K, Lien AD, Del Rosario J, Haider B. Narrowband gamma oscillations propagate and synchronize throughout the mouse thalamocortical visual system. Neuron 2023; 111:1076-1085.e8. [PMID: 37023711 PMCID: PMC10112544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Oscillations of neural activity permeate sensory systems. In the visual system, broadband gamma oscillations (30-80 Hz) are thought to act as a communication mechanism underlying perception. However, these oscillations show widely varying frequency and phase, providing constraints for coordinating spike timing across areas. Here, we examined Allen Brain Observatory data and performed causal experiments to show that narrowband gamma (NBG) oscillations (50-70 Hz) propagate and synchronize throughout the awake mouse visual system. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons fired precisely relative to NBG phase in primary visual cortex (V1) and multiple higher visual areas (HVAs). NBG neurons across areas showed a higher likelihood of functional connectivity and stronger visual responses; remarkably, NBG neurons in LGN, preferring bright (ON) versus dark (OFF), fired at distinct NBG phases aligned across the cortical hierarchy. NBG oscillations may thus serve to coordinate spike timing across brain areas and facilitate communication of distinct visual features during perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Shin
- Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Bioengineering, UCSF - UC Berkeley Joint PhD Program, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kayla Peelman
- Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony D Lien
- Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Del Rosario
- Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bilal Haider
- Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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36
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Murphy E. ROSE: A Neurocomputational Architecture for Syntax. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2303.08877v1. [PMID: 36994166 PMCID: PMC10055479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive model of natural language processing in the brain must accommodate four components: representations, operations, structures and encoding. It further requires a principled account of how these different components mechanistically, and causally, relate to each another. While previous models have isolated regions of interest for structure-building and lexical access, and have utilized specific neural recording measures to expose possible signatures of syntax, many gaps remain with respect to bridging distinct scales of analysis that map onto these four components. By expanding existing accounts of how neural oscillations can index various linguistic processes, this article proposes a neurocomputational architecture for syntax, termed the ROSE model (Representation, Operation, Structure, Encoding). Under ROSE, the basic data structures of syntax are atomic features, types of mental representations (R), and are coded at the single-unit and ensemble level. Elementary computations (O) that transform these units into manipulable objects accessible to subsequent structure-building levels are coded via high frequency broadband γ activity. Low frequency synchronization and cross-frequency coupling code for recursive categorial inferences (S). Distinct forms of low frequency coupling and phase-amplitude coupling (δ-θ coupling via pSTS-IFG; θ-γ coupling via IFG to conceptual hubs in lateral and ventral temporal cortex) then encode these structures onto distinct workspaces (E). Causally connecting R to O is spike-phase/LFP coupling; connecting O to S is phase-amplitude coupling; connecting S to E is a system of frontotemporal traveling oscillations; connecting E back to lower levels is low-frequency phase resetting of spike-LFP coupling. This compositional neural code has important implications for algorithmic accounts, since it makes concrete predictions for the appropriate level of study for psycholinguistic parsing models. ROSE is reliant on neurophysiologically plausible mechanisms, is supported at all four levels by a range of recent empirical research, and provides an anatomically precise and falsifiable grounding for the basic property of natural language syntax: hierarchical, recursive structure-building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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37
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Parto-Dezfouli M, Vezoli J, Bosman CA, Fries P. Enhanced Behavioral Performance through Interareal Gamma and Beta Synchronization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531093. [PMID: 36945499 PMCID: PMC10028832 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive functioning requires coordination between brain areas. Between visual areas, feedforward gamma synchronization improves behavioral performance. Here, we investigate whether similar principles hold across brain regions and frequency bands, using simultaneous local field potential recordings from 15 areas during performance of a selective attention task. Short behavioral reaction times (RTs), an index of efficient interareal communication, occurred when occipital areas V1, V2, V4, DP showed gamma synchronization, and fronto-central areas S1, 5, F1, F2, F4 showed beta synchronization. For both area clusters and corresponding frequency bands, deviations from the typically observed phase relations increased RTs. Across clusters and frequency bands, good phase relations occurred in a correlated manner specifically when they processed the behaviorally relevant stimulus. Furthermore, the fronto-central cluster exerted a beta-band influence onto the occipital cluster whose strength predicted short RTs. These results suggest that local gamma and beta synchronization and their inter-regional coordination jointly improve behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Parto-Dezfouli
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julien Vezoli
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Conrado Arturo Bosman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pascal Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, Netherlands
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38
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Dowdall JR, Vinck M. Coherence fails to reliably capture inter-areal interactions in bidirectional neural systems with transmission delays. Neuroimage 2023; 271:119998. [PMID: 36863546 PMCID: PMC7614400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately measuring and quantifying the underlying interactions between brain areas is crucial for understanding the flow of information in the brain. Of particular interest in the field of electrophysiology is the analysis and characterization of the spectral properties of these interactions. Coherence and Granger-Geweke causality are well-established, commonly used methods for quantifying inter-areal interactions, and are thought to reflect the strength of inter-areal interactions. Here we show that the application of both methods to bidirectional systems with transmission delays is problematic, especially for coherence. Under certain circumstances, coherence can be completely abolished despite there being a true underlying interaction. This problem occurs due to interference caused in the computation of coherence, and is an artifact of the method. We motivate an understanding of the problem through computational modelling and numerical simulations. In addition, we have developed two methods that can recover the true bidirectional interactions in the presence of transmission delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Robert Dowdall
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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39
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Nie JZ, Flint RD, Prakash P, Hsieh JK, Mugler EM, Tate MC, Rosenow JM, Slutzky MW. High-gamma activity is coupled to low-gamma oscillations in precentral cortices and modulates with movement and speech. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528325. [PMID: 36824850 PMCID: PMC9949043 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Planning and executing motor behaviors requires coordinated neural activity among multiple cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. Phase-amplitude coupling between the high-gamma band amplitude and the phase of low frequency oscillations (theta, alpha, beta) has been proposed to reflect neural communication, as has synchronization of low-gamma oscillations. However, coupling between low-gamma and high-gamma bands has not been investigated. Here, we measured phase-amplitude coupling between low- and high-gamma in monkeys performing a reaching task and in humans either performing finger movements or speaking words aloud. We found significant coupling between low-gamma phase and high-gamma amplitude in multiple sensorimotor and premotor cortices of both species during all tasks. This coupling modulated with the onset of movement. These findings suggest that interactions between the low and high gamma bands are markers of network dynamics related to movement and speech generation.
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40
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Veit J, Handy G, Mossing DP, Doiron B, Adesnik H. Cortical VIP neurons locally control the gain but globally control the coherence of gamma band rhythms. Neuron 2023; 111:405-417.e5. [PMID: 36384143 PMCID: PMC9898108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gamma band synchronization can facilitate local and long-range neural communication. In the primary visual cortex, visual stimulus properties within a specific location determine local synchronization strength, while the match of stimulus properties between distant locations controls long-range synchronization. The neural basis for the differential control of local and global gamma band synchronization is unknown. Combining electrophysiology, optogenetics, and computational modeling, we found that VIP disinhibitory interneurons in mouse cortex linearly scale gamma power locally without changing its stimulus tuning. Conversely, they suppress long-range synchronization when two regions process non-matched stimuli, tuning gamma coherence globally. Modeling shows that like-to-like connectivity across space and specific VIP→SST inhibition capture these opposing effects. VIP neurons thus differentially impact local and global properties of gamma rhythms depending on visual stimulus statistics. They may thereby construct gamma-band filters for spatially extended but continuous image features, such as contours, facilitating the downstream generation of coherent visual percepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Veit
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Gregory Handy
- Departments of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel P Mossing
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brent Doiron
- Departments of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hillel Adesnik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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41
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Madadi Asl M, Valizadeh A, Tass PA. Decoupling of interacting neuronal populations by time-shifted stimulation through spike-timing-dependent plasticity. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010853. [PMID: 36724144 PMCID: PMC9891531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptic organization of the brain is constantly modified by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. In several neurological disorders, abnormal neuronal activity and pathological synaptic connectivity may significantly impair normal brain function. Reorganization of neuronal circuits by therapeutic stimulation has the potential to restore normal brain dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests that the temporal stimulation pattern crucially determines the long-lasting therapeutic effects of stimulation. Here, we tested whether a specific pattern of brain stimulation can enable the suppression of pathologically strong inter-population synaptic connectivity through spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). More specifically, we tested how introducing a time shift between stimuli delivered to two interacting populations of neurons can effectively decouple them. To that end, we first used a tractable model, i.e., two bidirectionally coupled leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, to theoretically analyze the optimal range of stimulation frequency and time shift for decoupling. We then extended our results to two reciprocally connected neuronal populations (modules) where inter-population delayed connections were modified by STDP. As predicted by the theoretical results, appropriately time-shifted stimulation causes a decoupling of the two-module system through STDP, i.e., by unlearning pathologically strong synaptic interactions between the two populations. Based on the overall topology of the connections, the decoupling of the two modules, in turn, causes a desynchronization of the populations that outlasts the cessation of stimulation. Decoupling effects of the time-shifted stimulation can be realized by time-shifted burst stimulation as well as time-shifted continuous simulation. Our results provide insight into the further optimization of a variety of multichannel stimulation protocols aiming at a therapeutic reshaping of diseased brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Madadi Asl
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Valizadeh
- Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Peter A. Tass
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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42
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Influence of claustrum on cortex varies by area, layer, and cell type. Neuron 2023; 111:275-290.e5. [PMID: 36368317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The claustrum is a small subcortical structure with widespread connections to disparate regions of the cortex. However, the impact of the claustrum on cortical activity is not fully understood, particularly beyond frontal areas. Here, using optogenetics and multi-regional Neuropixels recordings from over 15,000 cortical neurons in awake mice, we demonstrate that the effect of claustrum input to the cortex differs depending on brain area, layer, and cell type. Brief claustrum stimulation, producing approximately 1 spike per claustrum neuron, affects many fast spiking (FS; putative inhibitory) but relatively fewer regular-spiking (RS; putative excitatory) cortical neurons and leads to a modest decrease in population activity in frontal cortical areas. Prolonged claustrum stimulation affects many more cortical neurons and can increase or decrease spiking activity. More excitation occurs in posterior regions and superficial layers, while inhibition predominates in frontal regions and deeper layers. These findings suggest that claustro-cortical circuits are organized into functional modules.
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43
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González J, Cavelli M, Mondino A, Castro-Zaballa S, Brankačk J, Draguhn A, Torterolo P, Tort ABL. Breathing modulates gamma synchronization across species. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:49-63. [PMID: 36190562 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nasal respiration influences brain dynamics by phase-entraining neural oscillations at the same frequency as the breathing rate and by phase-modulating the activity of faster gamma rhythms. Despite being widely reported, we still do not understand the functional roles of respiration-entrained oscillations. A common hypothesis is that these rhythms aid long-range communication and provide a privileged window for synchronization. Here we tested this hypothesis by analyzing electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings in mice, rats, and cats during the different sleep-wake states. We found that the respiration phase modulates the amplitude of cortical gamma oscillations in the three species, although the modulated gamma frequency bands differed with faster oscillations (90-130 Hz) in mice, intermediate frequencies (60-100 Hz) in rats, and slower activity (30-60 Hz) in cats. In addition, our results also show that respiration modulates olfactory bulb-frontal cortex synchronization in the gamma range, in which each breathing cycle evokes (following a delay) a transient time window of increased gamma synchrony. Long-range gamma synchrony modulation occurs during quiet and active wake states but decreases during sleep. Thus, our results suggest that respiration-entrained brain rhythms orchestrate communication in awake mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078, Brazil.
| | - Matias Cavelli
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA
| | - Alejandra Mondino
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Castro-Zaballa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jurij Brankačk
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriano B L Tort
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078, Brazil.
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44
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Higley MJ, Cardin JA. Spatiotemporal dynamics in large-scale cortical networks. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 77:102627. [PMID: 36115252 PMCID: PMC10618958 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigating links between nervous system function and behavior requires monitoring neuronal activity at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Here, we summarize recent progress in applying two distinct but complementary approaches to the study of network dynamics in the neocortex. Mesoscopic calcium imaging allows simultaneous monitoring of activity across most of the cortex at moderate spatiotemporal resolution. Electrophysiological recordings provide extremely high temporal resolution of neural signals at multiple targeted locations. A number of recent studies have used these tools to reveal novel patterns of activity across distributed cortical subnetworks. This growing body of work strongly supports the hypothesis that the dynamic coordination of spatially distinct regions is a fundamental aspect of cortical function that supports cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Higley
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica A Cardin
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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45
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Khodagholy D, Ferrero JJ, Park J, Zhao Z, Gelinas JN. Large-scale, closed-loop interrogation of neural circuits underlying cognition. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:968-983. [PMID: 36404457 PMCID: PMC10437206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive functions are increasingly understood to involve coordinated activity patterns between multiple brain regions, and their disruption by neuropsychiatric disorders is similarly complex. Closed-loop neurostimulation can directly modulate neural signals with temporal and spatial precision. How to leverage such an approach to effectively identify and target distributed neural networks implicated in mediating cognition remains unclear. We review current conceptual and technical advances in this area, proposing that devices that enable large-scale acquisition, integrated processing, and multiregion, arbitrary waveform stimulation will be critical for mechanistically driven manipulation of cognitive processes in physiological and pathological brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Jose J Ferrero
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 W 168(th) St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaehyo Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zifang Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 W 168(th) St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer N Gelinas
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 W 168(th) St., New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA..
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46
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Bel-Bahar TS, Khan AA, Shaik RB, Parvaz MA. A scoping review of electroencephalographic (EEG) markers for tracking neurophysiological changes and predicting outcomes in substance use disorder treatment. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:995534. [PMID: 36325430 PMCID: PMC9619053 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.995534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) constitute a growing global health crisis, yet many limitations and challenges exist in SUD treatment research, including the lack of objective brain-based markers for tracking treatment outcomes. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neurophysiological technique for measuring brain activity, and although much is known about EEG activity in acute and chronic substance use, knowledge regarding EEG in relation to abstinence and treatment outcomes is sparse. We performed a scoping review of longitudinal and pre-post treatment EEG studies that explored putative changes in brain function associated with abstinence and/or treatment in individuals with SUD. Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified studies published between January 2000 and March 2022 from online databases. Search keywords included EEG, addictive substances (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine), and treatment related terms (e.g., abstinence, relapse). Selected studies used EEG at least at one time point as a predictor of abstinence or other treatment-related outcomes; or examined pre- vs. post-SUD intervention (brain stimulation, pharmacological, behavioral) EEG effects. Studies were also rated on the risk of bias and quality using validated instruments. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. More consistent findings included lower oddball P3 and higher resting beta at baseline predicting negative outcomes, and abstinence-mediated longitudinal decrease in cue-elicited P3 amplitude and resting beta power. Other findings included abstinence or treatment-related changes in late positive potential (LPP) and N2 amplitudes, as well as in delta and theta power. Existing studies were heterogeneous and limited in terms of specific substances of interest, brief times for follow-ups, and inconsistent or sparse results. Encouragingly, in this limited but maturing literature, many studies demonstrated partial associations of EEG markers with abstinence, treatment outcomes, or pre-post treatment-effects. Studies were generally of good quality in terms of risk of bias. More EEG studies are warranted to better understand abstinence- or treatment-mediated neural changes or to predict SUD treatment outcomes. Future research can benefit from prospective large-sample cohorts and the use of standardized methods such as task batteries. EEG markers elucidating the temporal dynamics of changes in brain function related to abstinence and/or treatment may enable evidence-based planning for more effective and targeted treatments, potentially pre-empting relapse or minimizing negative lifespan effects of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik S. Bel-Bahar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anam A. Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Riaz B. Shaik
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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47
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Wagatsuma N, Nobukawa S, Fukai T. A microcircuit model involving parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide inhibitory interneurons for the modulation of neuronal oscillation during visual processing. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4459-4477. [PMID: 36130096 PMCID: PMC10110453 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various subtypes of inhibitory interneurons contact one another to organize cortical networks. Most cortical inhibitory interneurons express 1 of 3 genes: parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM), or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). This diversity of inhibition allows the flexible regulation of neuronal responses within and between cortical areas. However, the exact roles of these interneuron subtypes and of excitatory pyramidal (Pyr) neurons in regulating neuronal network activity and establishing perception (via interactions between feedforward sensory and feedback attentional signals) remain largely unknown. To explore the regulatory roles of distinct neuronal types in cortical computation, we developed a computational microcircuit model with biologically plausible visual cortex layers 2/3 that combined Pyr neurons and the 3 inhibitory interneuron subtypes to generate network activity. In simulations with our model, inhibitory signals from PV and SOM neurons preferentially induced neuronal firing at gamma (30-80 Hz) and beta (20-30 Hz) frequencies, respectively, in agreement with observed physiological results. Furthermore, our model indicated that rapid inhibition from VIP to SOM subtypes underlies marked attentional modulation for low-gamma frequency (30-50 Hz) in Pyr neuron responses. Our results suggest the distinct but cooperative roles of inhibitory interneuron subtypes in the establishment of visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Wagatsuma
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Sou Nobukawa
- Department of Computer Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan.,Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukai
- Neural Coding and Brain Computing Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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48
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Sharf T, van der Molen T, Glasauer SMK, Guzman E, Buccino AP, Luna G, Cheng Z, Audouard M, Ranasinghe KG, Kudo K, Nagarajan SS, Tovar KR, Petzold LR, Hierlemann A, Hansma PK, Kosik KS. Functional neuronal circuitry and oscillatory dynamics in human brain organoids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4403. [PMID: 35906223 PMCID: PMC9338020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain organoids replicate much of the cellular diversity and developmental anatomy of the human brain. However, the physiology of neuronal circuits within organoids remains under-explored. With high-density CMOS microelectrode arrays and shank electrodes, we captured spontaneous extracellular activity from brain organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We inferred functional connectivity from spike timing, revealing a large number of weak connections within a skeleton of significantly fewer strong connections. A benzodiazepine increased the uniformity of firing patterns and decreased the relative fraction of weakly connected edges. Our analysis of the local field potential demonstrate that brain organoids contain neuronal assemblies of sufficient size and functional connectivity to co-activate and generate field potentials from their collective transmembrane currents that phase-lock to spiking activity. These results point to the potential of brain organoids for the study of neuropsychiatric diseases, drug action, and the effects of external stimuli upon neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Sharf
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA. .,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Tjitse van der Molen
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Stella M K Glasauer
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alessio P Buccino
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Morgane Audouard
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kiwamu Kudo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth R Tovar
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Linda R Petzold
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul K Hansma
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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49
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Totty MS, Maren S. Neural Oscillations in Aversively Motivated Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:936036. [PMID: 35846784 PMCID: PMC9284508 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.936036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear and anxiety-based disorders are highly debilitating and among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. These disorders are associated with abnormal network oscillations in the brain, yet a comprehensive understanding of the role of network oscillations in the regulation of aversively motivated behavior is lacking. In this review, we examine the oscillatory correlates of fear and anxiety with a particular focus on rhythms in the theta and gamma-range. First, we describe neural oscillations and their link to neural function by detailing the role of well-studied theta and gamma rhythms to spatial and memory functions of the hippocampus. We then describe how theta and gamma oscillations act to synchronize brain structures to guide adaptive fear and anxiety-like behavior. In short, that hippocampal network oscillations act to integrate spatial information with motivationally salient information from the amygdala during states of anxiety before routing this information via theta oscillations to appropriate target regions, such as the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, theta and gamma oscillations develop in the amygdala and neocortical areas during the encoding of fear memories, and interregional synchronization reflects the retrieval of both recent and remotely encoded fear memories. Finally, we argue that the thalamic nucleus reuniens represents a key node synchronizing prefrontal-hippocampal theta dynamics for the retrieval of episodic extinction memories in the hippocampus.
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Ray S. Spike-Gamma Phase Relationship in the Visual Cortex. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2022; 8:361-381. [PMID: 35667158 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100419-104530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations (30-70 Hz) have been hypothesized to play a role in cortical function. Most of the proposed mechanisms involve rhythmic modulation of neuronal excitability at gamma frequencies, leading to modulation of spike timing relative to the rhythm. I first show that the gamma band could be more privileged than other frequencies in observing spike-field interactions even in the absence of genuine gamma rhythmicity and discuss several biases in spike-gamma phase estimation. I then discuss the expected spike-gamma phase according to several hypotheses. Inconsistent with the phase-coding hypothesis (but not with others), the spike-gamma phase does not change with changes in stimulus intensity or attentional state, with spikes preferentially occurring 2-4 ms before the trough, but with substantial variability. However, this phase relationship is expected even when gamma is a byproduct of excitatory-inhibitory interactions. Given that gamma occurs in short bursts, I argue that the debate over the role of gamma is a matter of semantics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 8 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Ray
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012;
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