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Matthews LG, Puryear CB, Correia SS, Srinivasan S, Belfort GM, Pan MK, Kuo SH. T-type calcium channels as therapeutic targets in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:462-483. [PMID: 36738196 PMCID: PMC10109288 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal action potential firing patterns are key components of healthy brain function. Importantly, restoring dysregulated neuronal firing patterns has the potential to be a promising strategy in the development of novel therapeutics for disorders of the central nervous system. Here, we review the pathophysiology of essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, the two most common movement disorders, with a focus on mechanisms underlying the genesis of abnormal firing patterns in the implicated neural circuits. Aberrant burst firing of neurons in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical and basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits contribute to the clinical symptoms of essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, respectively, and T-type calcium channels play a key role in regulating this activity in both the disorders. Accordingly, modulating T-type calcium channel activity has received attention as a potentially promising therapeutic approach to normalize abnormal burst firing in these diseases. In this review, we explore the evidence supporting the theory that T-type calcium channel blockers can ameliorate the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, furthering the case for clinical investigation of these compounds. We conclude with key considerations for future investigational efforts, providing a critical framework for the development of much needed agents capable of targeting the dysfunctional circuitry underlying movement disorders such as essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey B Puryear
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Boston, Massachusetts, 02110, USA
| | | | - Sharan Srinivasan
- Praxis Precision Medicines, Boston, Massachusetts, 02110, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | | | - Ming-Kai Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Cerebellar Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, 64041, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, USA.,Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, USA
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2
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Skarmeta NP, Katzmann GC, Valdés C, Gaedechens D, Montini FC. Tardive Oromandibular Dystonia Induced by Trazodone: A Clinical Case and Management from the Perspective of the Dental Specialist. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100680. [PMID: 36287949 PMCID: PMC9607571 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardive Oromandibular Dystonia is an iatrogenic drug-induced movement form of extrapyramidal symptoms associated primarily with chronic consumption of dopamine receptor blocking agents. Tardive symptoms attributable to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants are far less prevalent. CLINICAL CASE The authors will present a clinical case and management, from the dental specialist perspective, of a 55-year-old female patient who developed tardive oromandibular dystonia induced by Trazodone prescribed for sleep insomnia. CONCLUSIONS Trazodone-induced oromandibular dystonia is extremely rare. Early identification and assessment of tardive symptoms are imperative for successful treatment. Trazodone should be prescribed with caution in patients taking other medications with the potential to cause tardive syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás P. Skarmeta
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Hospital del Salvador, Providencia 7500922, Chile
- OPH Clinic, Vitacura 7630000, Chile
| | - Giannina C. Katzmann
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Hospital del Salvador, Providencia 7500922, Chile
| | - Constanza Valdés
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | | | - Francisca C. Montini
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2618-1372
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3
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T-Type Calcium Channels: A Mixed Blessing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179894. [PMID: 36077291 PMCID: PMC9456242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of T-type calcium channels is well established in excitable cells, where they preside over action potential generation, automaticity, and firing. They also contribute to intracellular calcium signaling, cell cycle progression, and cell fate; and, in this sense, they emerge as key regulators also in non-excitable cells. In particular, their expression may be considered a prognostic factor in cancer. Almost all cancer cells express T-type calcium channels to the point that it has been considered a pharmacological target; but, as the drugs used to reduce their expression are not completely selective, several complications develop, especially within the heart. T-type calcium channels are also involved in a specific side effect of several anticancer agents, that act on microtubule transport, increase the expression of the channel, and, thus, the excitability of sensory neurons, and make the patient more sensitive to pain. This review puts into context the relevance of T-type calcium channels in cancer and in chemotherapy side effects, considering also the cardiotoxicity induced by new classes of antineoplastic molecules.
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Ding J, Zhang Y, Cui X, Zhao C, Zhang S. Development of a Novel Analytical Method for Determining Trazodone in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Mass Spectrometry Coupled With Automatic 2-Dimensional Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer Coupler 9500 and Its Application to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:465-473. [PMID: 34469419 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trazodone (TZD) is a tetracyclic serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor that is used as a second-generation phenylpiperazine antidepressant. However, the plasma concentrations of TZD have shown individual variations in clinical practice. Quantification of TZD plasma concentrations may be an effective and valuable method to balance the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions. This study aimed to establish a novel liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay for measuring TZD concentrations in human plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). METHODS After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, LC-MS quantification of TZD was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with chromatographic separation using a mobile phase of MeOH and 0.1% formic acid in water. This method validation intends to investigate specificity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability according to United states food and drug administration guidelines. RESULTS This method showed good selectivity because no interfering peaks were observed in the plasma samples during the 2-minute run time. The range of the calibration curve was 1-3000 ng/mL. The detection and quantification limits were 0.3 and 1 ng/mL, respectively. The intraday and interday accuracies were 96.5%-103.4%, with precision relative SD% values of <5%, except for the limit of quality. The mean TZD recovery from human plasma was 95.4%-104.5%. Finally, this method was successfully applied to TDM in 20 patients. The TZD plasma concentrations of the patients ranged between 21.5 and 2267.3 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS A novel analytical method was established to measure TZD by LC-MS coupled with an automatic 2-dimensional liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer coupler 9500 (LC-MS/MS-Mate 9500), which is superior to the ordinary LC-MS system in separation, transport, anti-interference, sensitivity, and quantitative analysis stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, P.R. China; and
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical (Mental Health), Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, P.R. China; and
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical (Mental Health), Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Cui
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, P.R. China; and
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical (Mental Health), Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, P.R. China; and
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical (Mental Health), Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Suo Zhang
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, P.R. China; and
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical (Mental Health), Xi'an, P.R. China
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5
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Jiang Y, Patton MH, Zakharenko SS. A Case for Thalamic Mechanisms of Schizophrenia: Perspective From Modeling 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:769969. [PMID: 34955759 PMCID: PMC8693383 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.769969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic psychiatric disorder that devastates the lives of millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by a constellation of symptoms, ranging from cognitive deficits, to social withdrawal, to hallucinations. Despite decades of research, our understanding of the neurobiology of the disease, specifically the neural circuits underlying schizophrenia symptoms, is still in the early stages. Consequently, the development of therapies continues to be stagnant, and overall prognosis is poor. The main obstacle to improving the treatment of schizophrenia is its multicausal, polygenic etiology, which is difficult to model. Clinical observations and the emergence of preclinical models of rare but well-defined genomic lesions that confer substantial risk of schizophrenia (e.g., 22q11.2 microdeletion) have highlighted the role of the thalamus in the disease. Here we review the literature on the molecular, cellular, and circuitry findings in schizophrenia and discuss the leading theories in the field, which point to abnormalities within the thalamus as potential pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia. We posit that synaptic dysfunction and oscillatory abnormalities in neural circuits involving projections from and within the thalamus, with a focus on the thalamocortical circuits, may underlie the psychotic (and possibly other) symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stanislav S. Zakharenko
- Division of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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Shacham T, Patel C, Lederkremer GZ. PERK Pathway and Neurodegenerative Disease: To Inhibit or to Activate? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030354. [PMID: 33652720 PMCID: PMC7996871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the extension of life span in recent decades, there is an increasing burden of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, for which effective treatments are lacking. Neurodegenerative diseases include the widespread Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), the less frequent Huntington’s disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and also rare early-onset diseases linked to mutations that cause protein aggregation or loss of function in genes that maintain protein homeostasis. The difficulties in applying gene therapy approaches to tackle these diseases is drawing increasing attention to strategies that aim to inhibit cellular toxicity and restore homeostasis by intervening in cellular pathways. These include the unfolded protein response (UPR), activated in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a cellular affliction that is shared by these diseases. Special focus is turned to the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway of the UPR as a target for intervention. However, the complexity of the pathway and its ability to promote cell survival or death, depending on ER stress resolution, has led to some confusion in conflicting studies. Both inhibition and activation of the PERK pathway have been reported to be beneficial in disease models, although there are also some reports where they are counterproductive. Although with the current knowledge a definitive answer cannot be given on whether it is better to activate or to inhibit the pathway, the most encouraging strategies appear to rely on boosting some steps without compromising downstream recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Shacham
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chaitanya Patel
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gerardo Z. Lederkremer
- Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (T.S.); (C.P.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-640-9239
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7
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Visualisation of cholesterol and ganglioside GM1 in zebrafish models of Niemann-Pick type C disease and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome using light sheet microscopy. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:565-578. [PMID: 33079236 PMCID: PMC7609433 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are the most common cause of neurodegeneration in children. They are characterised at the cellular level by the accumulation of storage material within lysosomes. There are very limited therapeutic options, and the search for novel therapies has been hampered as few good small animal models are available. Here, we describe the use of light sheet microscopy to assess lipid storage in drug and morpholino induced zebrafish models of two diseases of cholesterol homeostasis with lysosomal dysfunction: First, Niemann–Pick type C disease (NPC), caused by mutations in the lysosomal transmembrane protein NPC1, characterised by intralysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and several other lipids. Second, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS), caused by mutations in 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, which catalyses the last step of cholesterol biosynthesis and is characterised by intralysosomal accumulation of dietary cholesterol. This is the first description of a zebrafish SLOS model. We find that zebrafish accurately model lysosomal storage and disease-specific phenotypes in both diseases. Increased cholesterol and ganglioside GM1 were observed in sections taken from NPC model fish, and decreased cholesterol in SLOS model fish, but these are of limited value as resolution is poor, and accurate anatomical comparisons difficult. Using light sheet microscopy, we were able to observe lipid changes in much greater detail and identified an unexpected accumulation of ganglioside GM1 in SLOS model fish. Our data demonstrate, for the first time in zebrafish, the immense potential that light sheet microscopy has in aiding the resolution of studies involving lysosomal and lipid disorders.
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8
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Kadota Y, Hori H, Takayama M, Okabe C, Ohara N. Tardive dystonia improved with discontinuation of trazodone in an elderly schizophrenia patient: a case report. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2020; 19:23. [PMID: 32265999 PMCID: PMC7114810 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardive dystonia associated with antidepressant use is rare and often under-recognized. We had an experience with trazodone, which is used for delirium and insomnia prescribed in general hospital, inducing tardive dystonia. CASE PRESENTATION A 61-year-old Japanese woman had been treated for schizophrenia. She was moved to general hospital because of consciousness disturbance. She was prescribed trazodone (25 mg/day) for delirium and insomnia. After she was discharged, she returned to the psychiatric hospital with tardive dystonia. Her dystonia symptoms improved with 3 days of discontinuing trazodone. CONCLUSION In the present case, long-term use of trazodone induced tardive dystonia. Discontinuing trazodone rapidly improved tardive dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kadota
- Minamigaoka Hospital, 3-13-1 Imamachi, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8030862 Japan
| | - Hikaru Hori
- Minamigaoka Hospital, 3-13-1 Imamachi, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8030862 Japan.,2Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8078555 Japan
| | - Michiko Takayama
- Minamigaoka Hospital, 3-13-1 Imamachi, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8030862 Japan
| | - Chikako Okabe
- Minamigaoka Hospital, 3-13-1 Imamachi, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8030862 Japan
| | - Naotoshi Ohara
- Minamigaoka Hospital, 3-13-1 Imamachi, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8030862 Japan
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9
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Belinskaia DA, Belinskaia MA, Barygin OI, Vanchakova NP, Shestakova NN. Psychotropic Drugs for the Management of Chronic Pain and Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020099. [PMID: 31238561 PMCID: PMC6631469 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations have shown that patients with chronic neuropathic pain or itch exhibit symptoms of increased anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Such patients need corrective therapy with antidepressants, antipsychotics or anticonvulsants. It is known that some psychotropic drugs are also effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain and pruritus syndromes due to interaction with the secondary molecular targets. Our own clinical studies have identified antipruritic and/or analgesic efficacy of the following compounds: tianeptine (atypical tricyclic antidepressant), citalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), mianserin (tetracyclic antidepressant), carbamazepine (anticonvulsant), trazodone (serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor), and chlorprothixene (antipsychotic). Venlafaxine (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) is known to have an analgesic effect too. The mechanism of such effect of these drugs is not fully understood. Herein we review and correlate the literature data on analgesic/antipruritic activity with pharmacological profile of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Mariia A Belinskaia
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Oleg I Barygin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Nina P Vanchakova
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, First Pavlov State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia.
| | - Natalia N Shestakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
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10
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Atli O, Kilic V, Baysal M, Kilic G, Gormus G, Ucarcan S, Korkut B, Ilgin S. Assessment of trazodone-induced cardiotoxicity after repeated doses in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:45-55. [PMID: 29774748 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118769717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trazodone (TRZ) is an antidepressant drug commonly used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Although some studies demonstrated the adverse effects of TRZ related to cardiovascular system, the conflicting results were observed in these studies. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the cardiac adverse effects of TRZ in rats at repeated doses in our study. In accordance with this purpose, TRZ was administered orally to rats at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg doses for 28 days. Electrocardiogram records, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-myoglobin band, cardiac troponin-T (cTn-T) levels, DNA damage in cardiomyocytes, and histologic view of heart tissues were evaluated. In addition, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured to determine the oxidative status of cardiac tissue after TRZ administration. Heart rate was decreased, PR interval was prolonged, and QRS and T amplitudes were decreased in 20 mg/kg TRZ-administered group compared to the control group. Serum AST and cTn-T levels were significantly increased in 10 and 20 mg/kg TRZ-administered rats with respect to control rats. DNA damage was significantly increased in these groups. Additionally, degenerative histopathologic findings were observed in TRZ-administered groups. Although there was no difference in MDA levels between groups, GSH levels were significantly decreased in 10 and 20 mg/kg TRZ-administered groups compared to the control group. Our results have shown that TRZ induced cardiotoxicity in rats dose-dependently. It is assumed that oxidative stress related to GSH depletion may be accompanied by these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Atli
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - V Kilic
- 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - M Baysal
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - G Kilic
- 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - G Gormus
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - S Ucarcan
- 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - B Korkut
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - S Ilgin
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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11
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Synthetic strategy with representation on mechanistic pathway for the therapeutic applications of dihydroquinazolinones. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:596-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Raoul Khouzam
- Employee Behavioral Health Dartmouth, Hitchcock Medical Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Behavioral Health Bureau, Monterey County Department of Health, Salinas, CA, USA
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13
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Gangarossa G, Laffray S, Bourinet E, Valjent E. T-type calcium channel Cav3.2 deficient mice show elevated anxiety, impaired memory and reduced sensitivity to psychostimulants. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:92. [PMID: 24672455 PMCID: PMC3957728 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fine-tuning of neuronal excitability relies on a tight control of Ca2+ homeostasis. The low voltage-activated (LVA) T-type calcium channels (Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 isoforms) play a critical role in regulating these processes. Despite their wide expression throughout the central nervous system, the implication of T-type Cav3.2 isoform in brain functions is still poorly characterized. Here, we investigate the effect of genetic ablation of this isoform in affective disorders, including anxiety, cognitive functions as well as sensitivity to drugs of abuse. Using a wide range of behavioral assays we show that genetic ablation of the cacna1h gene results in an anxiety-like phenotype, whereas novelty-induced locomotor activity is unaffected. Deletion of the T-type channel Cav3.2 also triggers impairment of hippocampus-dependent recognition memories. Acute and sensitized hyperlocomotion induced by d-amphetamine and cocaine are dramatically reduced in T-type Cav3.2 deficient mice. In addition, the administration of the T-type blocker TTA-A2 prevented the expression of locomotor sensitization observed in wildtype mice. In conclusion, our data reveal that physiological activity of this specific Ca2+ channel is required for affective and cognitive behaviors. Moreover, our work highlights the interest of T-type channel blockers as therapeutic strategies to reverse drug-associated alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR-5203, Montpellier, France ; INSERM U661, Montpellier, France ; Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2 UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Laffray
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR-5203, Montpellier, France ; INSERM U661, Montpellier, France ; Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2 UMR-5203, Montpellier, France ; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR-5203, Montpellier, France ; INSERM U661, Montpellier, France ; Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2 UMR-5203, Montpellier, France ; Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR-5203, Montpellier, France ; INSERM U661, Montpellier, France ; Universités de Montpellier 1 and 2 UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
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14
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Kopecky BJ, Liang R, Bao J. T-type calcium channel blockers as neuroprotective agents. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:757-65. [PMID: 24563219 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are expressed in many diverse tissues, including neuronal, cardiovascular, and endocrine. T-type calcium channels are known to play roles in the development, maintenance, and repair of these tissues but have also been implicated in disease when not properly regulated. Calcium channel blockers have been developed to treat various diseases and their use clinically is widespread due to both their efficacy as well as their safety. Aside from their established clinical applications, recent studies have suggested neuroprotective effects of T-type calcium channel blockers. Many of the current T-type calcium channel blockers could act on other molecular targets besides T-type calcium channels making it uncertain whether their neuroprotective effects are solely due to blocking of T-type calcium channels. In this review, we discuss these drugs as well as newly developed chemical compounds that are designed to be more selective for T-type calcium channels. We review in vitro and in vivo evidence of neuroprotective effects by these T-type calcium channel blockers. We conclude by discussing possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects by T-type calcium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Kopecky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Aging, Washington University School of Medicine, 4560 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Mittur A. Trazodone: properties and utility in multiple disorders. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 4:181-96. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Chae YJ, Choi JS, Hahn SJ. Inhibition of Kv4.3 potassium channels by trazodone. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:711-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Limpitikul W, Christoforou N, Thompson SA, Gearhart JD, Tung L, Lipke EA. Influence of Electromechanical Activity on Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2010; 1:179-193. [PMID: 29057018 PMCID: PMC5647137 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-010-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During differentiation, mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CMs) receive electromechanical cues from spontaneous beating. Therefore, promoting electromechanical activity via electrical pacing or suppressing it by drug treatment might affect the cellular functional development. Electrical pacing was applied to confluent monolayers of mESC-CMs during late-stage differentiation (days 16-18). Alternatively, spontaneous contraction was suppressed by (a) blocking ion currents with CsCl (HCN channel), trazodone (T-type Ca2+ channel), or both CsCl and trazodone on days 11-18; or (b) applying blebbistatin (excitation-contraction uncoupler) on days 11-14. Electrophysiological properties and gene expression were examined on day 19 and 18, respectively. Optical mapping revealed no significant difference in conduction velocity (CV)in paced vs. non-pacedmonolayers, nor were there significant changes in gene expression of connexin-43, Na-Ca exchanger (NCX), or myosin heavy chain (MHC). However, CV variability among differentiation batches and CV heterogeneity within individual monolayers were significantly lower in paced mESC-CMs. Alternatively, while the four drug treatments suppressed contraction with varying degrees (up to complete inhibition), there was no significant difference in CV for any of the treatments compared with controls. Trazodone treatment significantly reduced CV variability as compared to controls, whereas CsCl treatment significantly reduced CV heterogeneity. Distinct changes in gene expression of connexin-43, MHC, HCNl, Cav3.1/3.2 were not observed. Electrical pacing, but not suppression of spontaneous contraction, during late-stage differentiation reduces the intrinsic variability of CV among differentiation batches and across individual monolayers, which can be beneficial in the application of ESCs for myocardial tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawan Limpitikul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Susan A. Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John D. Gearhart
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Kraus RL, Li Y, Gregan Y, Gotter AL, Uebele VN, Fox SV, Doran SM, Barrow JC, Yang ZQ, Reger TS, Koblan KS, Renger JJ. In vitro characterization of T-type calcium channel antagonist TTA-A2 and in vivo effects on arousal in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:409-17. [PMID: 20682849 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels have been implicated in many behaviorally important neurophysiological processes, and altered channel activity has been linked to the pathophysiology of neurological disorders such as insomnia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, and pain. We have previously identified a number of potent and selective T-type channel antagonists (Barrow et al., 2007; Shipe et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008). Here we describe the properties of the antagonist TTA-A2 [2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-N-((1R)-1-{5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxo]-pyridin-2-yl}ethyl)acetamide], assessed in patch-clamp experiments. TTA-A2 blocks T-type channels (Ca(v)3.1, 3.2, 3.3) voltage dependently and with high potency (IC(50) ∼100 nM). Stimulation at 3 Hz revealed additional use dependence of inhibition. A hyperpolarized shift of the channel availability curve and delayed channel recovery from inactivation suggest that the compound preferentially interacts with and stabilizes inactivated channels. The compound showed a ∼300-fold selectivity for Ca(v)3 channels over high-voltage activated calcium channels. Inhibitory effects on native T-type currents were confirmed in brain slice recordings from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the subthalamic nucleus. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vivo T-type channel inhibition by TTA-A2 suppresses active wake and promotes slow-wave sleep in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking both Ca(v)3.1 and Ca(v)3.3, suggesting the selective effect of TTA-A2 on recurrent thalamocortical network activity. The discovery of the potent and selective T-type channel antagonist TTA-A2 has enabled us to study the in vivo effects of pharmacological T-channel inhibition on arousal in mice, and it will help to explore the validity of these channels as potential drug targets for sleep-related and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Kraus
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Marazziti D, Consoli G, Golia F, Baroni S, Masala I, Carlini M, Catena Dell'osso M. Trazodone effects on [H]-paroxetine and alpha(2)-adrenoreceptors in platelets of patients with major depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2010; 6:255-9. [PMID: 20520789 PMCID: PMC2877607 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s9279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trazodone is an antidepressant which behaves as a selective 5-HT(2) antagonist and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor. The lack of information on its effects in vivo prompted us to evaluate alpha(2)-adrenoceptors by means of the specific binding of [(3)H]-rauwolscine, and the 5-HT transporter (SERT) by means of the binding of [(3)H]-paroxetine ([(3)H]-Par), in platelets of depressed patients, before and after one month of treatment with trazodone (75-300 mg/day). Twenty-five outpatients of both sexes with a diagnosis of major depression, as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV, were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by means of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: the total score (mean +/- SD) was 20 +/- 6 at baseline (t(0)) and 7 +/- 4 after one month of treatment (t(1)). Platelet membranes, [(3)H]- rauwolscine and [(3)H]-Par bindings were carried out according to standardized protocols. The results showed that the B(max) values of [(3)H]-Par were statistically lower at t(1) than at t(0) (733 +/- 30 vs 1471 +/- 99, P < 0.001), while the K(d) and the [(3)H]-rauwolscine binding parameters remained unchanged. The findings of this study suggest that in vivo trazodone modifies the number of the SERT proteins and that, perhaps, most of its antidepressant properties are related to this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Aton SJ, Seibt J, Dumoulin MC, Coleman T, Shiraishi M, Frank MG. The sedating antidepressant trazodone impairs sleep-dependent cortical plasticity. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6078. [PMID: 19568418 PMCID: PMC2699540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent findings indicate that certain classes of hypnotics that target GABAA receptors impair sleep-dependent brain plasticity. However, the effects of hypnotics acting at monoamine receptors (e.g., the antidepressant trazodone) on this process are unknown. We therefore assessed the effects of commonly-prescribed medications for the treatment of insomnia (trazodone and the non-benzodiazepine GABAA receptor agonists zaleplon and eszopiclone) in a canonical model of sleep-dependent, in vivo synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex (V1) known as ocular dominance plasticity. Methodology/Principal Findings After a 6-h baseline period of sleep/wake polysomnographic recording, cats underwent 6 h of continuous waking combined with monocular deprivation (MD) to trigger synaptic remodeling. Cats subsequently received an i.p. injection of either vehicle, trazodone (10 mg/kg), zaleplon (10 mg/kg), or eszopiclone (1–10 mg/kg), and were allowed an 8-h period of post-MD sleep before ocular dominance plasticity was assessed. We found that while zaleplon and eszopiclone had profound effects on sleeping cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, only trazodone (which did not alter EEG activity) significantly impaired sleep-dependent consolidation of ocular dominance plasticity. This was associated with deficits in both the normal depression of V1 neuronal responses to deprived-eye stimulation, and potentiation of responses to non-deprived eye stimulation, which accompany ocular dominance plasticity. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our data suggest that the monoamine receptors targeted by trazodone play an important role in sleep-dependent consolidation of synaptic plasticity. They also demonstrate that changes in sleep architecture are not necessarily reliable predictors of how hypnotics affect sleep-dependent neural functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Aton
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julie Seibt
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle C. Dumoulin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tammi Coleman
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mia Shiraishi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Morales R, Riss M, Wang L, Gavín R, Del Río JA, Alcubilla R, Claverol-Tinturé E. Integrating multi-unit electrophysiology and plastic culture dishes for network neuroscience. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1896-1905. [PMID: 18941691 DOI: 10.1039/b802165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological characterisation of cultured neurons is of paramount importance for drug discovery, safety pharmacology and basic research in the neurosciences. Technologies offering low cost, low technical complexity and potential for scalability towards high-throughput electrophysiology on in vitro neurons would be advantageous, in particular for screening purposes. Here we describe a plastic culture substrate supporting low-complexity multi-unit loose-patch recording and stimulation of developing networks while retaining manufacturability compatible with low-cost and large-scale production. Our hybrid polydimethylsilane (PDMS)-on-polystyrene structures include chambers (6 mm in diameter) and microchannels (25 microm x 3.7 microm x 1 mm) serving as substrate-embedded recording pipettes. Somas are plated and retained in the chambers due to geometrical constraints and their processes grow along the microchannels, effectively establishing a loose-patch configuration without human intervention. We demonstrate that off-the-shelf voltage-clamp, current-clamp and extracellular amplifiers can be used to record and stimulate multi-unit activity with the aid of our dishes. Spikes up to 50 pA in voltage-clamp and 300 microV in current-clamp modes are recorded in sparse and bursting activity patterns characteristic of 1 week-old hippocampal cultures. Moreover, spike sorting employing principal component analysis (PCA) confirms that single microchannels support the recording of multiple neurons. Overall, this work suggests a strategy to endow conventional culture plasticware with added functionality to enable cost-efficient network electrophysiology.
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Lin CC, Lin PY, Lee Y, Chang YY, Chen CH. Tardive dystonia and tardive sensory syndrome related to trazodone: a case report. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1609-10. [PMID: 18562067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Patel BN, Sharma N, Sanyal M, Shrivastav PS. High throughput and sensitive determination of trazodone and its primary metabolite, m-chlorophenylpiperazine, in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 871:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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