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Chen Z, Deng X, Shi C, Jing H, Tian Y, Zhong J, Chen G, Xu Y, Luo Y, Zhu Y. GLP-1R-positive neurons in the lateral septum mediate the anorectic and weight-lowering effects of liraglutide in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178239. [PMID: 39225090 PMCID: PMC11364389 DOI: 10.1172/jci178239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, is approved for obesity treatment, but the specific neuronal sites that contribute to its therapeutic effects remain elusive. Here, we show that GLP-1 receptor-positive (GLP-1R-positive) neurons in the lateral septum (LSGLP-1R) play a critical role in mediating the anorectic and weight-loss effects of liraglutide. LSGLP-1R neurons were robustly activated by liraglutide, and chemogenetic activation of these neurons dramatically suppressed feeding. Targeted knockdown of GLP-1 receptors within the LS, but not in the hypothalamus, substantially attenuated liraglutide's ability to inhibit feeding and lower body weight. The activity of LSGLP-1R neurons rapidly decreased during naturalistic feeding episodes, while synaptic inactivation of LSGLP-1R neurons diminished the anorexic effects triggered by liraglutide. Together, these findings offer critical insights into the functional role of LSGLP-1R neurons in the physiological regulation of energy homeostasis and delineate their instrumental role in mediating the pharmacological efficacy of liraglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuijie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyang Jing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaowei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Hunan Province People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Lengsfeld S, Probst L, Emara Y, Werlen L, Vogt DR, Bathelt C, Baur F, Caviezel B, Vukajlovic T, Fischer M, Winzeler B. Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on sexuality in healthy men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. EBioMedicine 2024; 107:105284. [PMID: 39232425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reward-regulatory properties of GLP-1 are attracting increasing interest. Animal studies show that GLP-1 receptor agonists not only reduce consumption of addictive substances, but also influence sexual behaviour. We aimed to investigate the effect of dulaglutide versus placebo on sexual desire in humans. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, healthy eugonadal men of normal weight, aged 18-50 years with active and satisfactory sex lifes were (1:1) randomly allocated to dulaglutide or placebo for four weeks. We assessed sexual desire (Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire [MGH-SFQ]), hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH]) and sperm parameters. Changes in these parameters were compared under dulaglutide versus placebo using paired t-tests. FINDINGS 24 out of 26 randomised participants completed the study (13 participants randomised to dulaglutide first and 13 to placebo first). No change in the MGH-SFQ was observed after four weeks of dulaglutide versus placebo (estimated difference 0.58 [95% CI -0.83 to 2.00], p-value = 0.402). Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (estimated differences: total testosterone (nmol/l) 0.9 [95% CI -1.5 to 3.3], FSH (IU/l) -0.2 [95% CI -0.3 to 0.0] and LH (IU/l) -0.8 [95% CI -1.5 to 0.0]) as well as sperm parameters all remained in the normal range without significant differences between the treatments. No severe adverse events occurred. INTERPRETATION In this study of healthy men, we found no evidence of negative impacts of a four-week treatment with the widely used GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on sexual desire, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones or sperm parameters. FUNDING Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P3_193206), Gottfried and Julia Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation, Goldschmidt-Jacobson Foundation, Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Lengsfeld
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leila Probst
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yara Emara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Werlen
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deborah R Vogt
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cemile Bathelt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Baur
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brida Caviezel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Vukajlovic
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Fischer
- Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology (RME), Women's Health Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Vogesenstrasse 134, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Winzeler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 8/12, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Bruns Vi N, Tressler EH, Vendruscolo LF, Leggio L, Farokhnia M. IUPHAR review - Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and substance use disorders: An emerging pharmacotherapeutic target. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107312. [PMID: 39032839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic relapsing disease with high morbidity and mortality. Treatments for addiction include pharmacological and psychosocial interventions; however, currently available medications are limited in number and efficacy. The glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) system is emerging as a potential novel pharmacotherapeutic target for alcohol and other substance use disorders (ASUDs). In this review, we summarize and discuss the wealth of available evidence from testing GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist medications in preclinical models and humans with ASUDs, possible mechanisms underlying the impact of GLP-1R agonists on alcohol/substance use, gaps in knowledge, and future directions. Most of the research with GLP-1R agonists has been conducted in relation to alcohol use; psychostimulants, opioids, and nicotine have also been investigated. Preclinical evidence suggests that GLP-1R agonists reduce alcohol/substance use and other related outcomes. The main proposed mechanisms are related to reward processing, stress, and cognitive function, as well as broader mechanisms related to satiety, changes in gastric motility, and glucose homeostasis. More in-depth mechanistic studies are warranted. Clinical studies have been limited and their findings have been less conclusive; however, most support the safety and potential efficacy of GLP-1R agonists in ASUD treatment. Identifying preferred compounds, as well as possible subgroups who are most responsive to GLP-1R agonists are some of the key research questions to translate the promising preclinical data into clinical settings. Several clinical trials are underway to test GLP-1R agonists in people with ASUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaus Bruns Vi
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Tressler
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Stress & Addiction Neuroscience Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Huang KP, Acosta AA, Ghidewon MY, McKnight AD, Almeida MS, Nyema NT, Hanchak ND, Patel N, Gbenou YSK, Adriaenssens AE, Bolding KA, Alhadeff AL. Dissociable hindbrain GLP1R circuits for satiety and aversion. Nature 2024; 632:585-593. [PMID: 38987598 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The most successful obesity therapeutics, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists, cause aversive responses such as nausea and vomiting1,2, effects that may contribute to their efficacy. Here, we investigated the brain circuits that link satiety to aversion, and unexpectedly discovered that the neural circuits mediating these effects are functionally separable. Systematic investigation across drug-accessible GLP1R populations revealed that only hindbrain neurons are required for the efficacy of GLP1-based obesity drugs. In vivo two-photon imaging of hindbrain GLP1R neurons demonstrated that most neurons are tuned to either nutritive or aversive stimuli, but not both. Furthermore, simultaneous imaging of hindbrain subregions indicated that area postrema (AP) GLP1R neurons are broadly responsive, whereas nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) GLP1R neurons are biased towards nutritive stimuli. Strikingly, separate manipulation of these populations demonstrated that activation of NTSGLP1R neurons triggers satiety in the absence of aversion, whereas activation of APGLP1R neurons triggers strong aversion with food intake reduction. Anatomical and behavioural analyses revealed that NTSGLP1R and APGLP1R neurons send projections to different downstream brain regions to drive satiety and aversion, respectively. Importantly, GLP1R agonists reduce food intake even when the aversion pathway is inhibited. Overall, these findings highlight NTSGLP1R neurons as a population that could be selectively targeted to promote weight loss while avoiding the adverse side effects that limit treatment adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Misgana Y Ghidewon
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron D McKnight
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nisha Patel
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alice E Adriaenssens
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin A Bolding
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amber L Alhadeff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Dahir NS, Gui Y, Wu Y, Sweeney PR, Rouault AA, Williams SY, Gimenez LE, Sawyer TK, Joy ST, Mapp AK, Cone RD. Subthreshold activation of the melanocortin system causes generalized sensitization to anorectic agents in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178250. [PMID: 39007271 PMCID: PMC11245150 DOI: 10.1172/jci178250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) regulates GABA release from agouti-related protein (AgRP) nerve terminals and thus tonically suppresses multiple circuits involved in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Here, we examined the role of the MC3R and the melanocortin system in regulating the response to various anorexigenic agents. The genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of the MC3R, or subthreshold doses of an MC4R agonist, improved the dose responsiveness to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonists, as assayed by inhibition of food intake and weight loss. An enhanced anorectic response to the acute satiety factors peptide YY (PYY3-36) and cholecystokinin (CCK) and the long-term adipostatic factor leptin demonstrated that increased sensitivity to anorectic agents was a generalized result of MC3R antagonism. We observed enhanced neuronal activation in multiple hypothalamic nuclei using Fos IHC following low-dose liraglutide in MC3R-KO mice (Mc3r-/-), supporting the hypothesis that the MC3R is a negative regulator of circuits that control multiple aspects of feeding behavior. The enhanced anorectic response in Mc3r-/- mice after administration of GLP1 analogs was also independent of the incretin effects and malaise induced by GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) analogs, suggesting that MC3R antagonists or MC4R agonists may have value in enhancing the dose-response range of obesity therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Appetite Depressants/pharmacology
- Cholecystokinin/metabolism
- Eating/drug effects
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Leptin/metabolism
- Liraglutide/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Peptide YY/metabolism
- Peptide YY/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/agonists
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/agonists
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima S. Dahir
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Yijun Gui
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanan Wu
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick R. Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alix A.J. Rouault
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna K. Mapp
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Chemistry, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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6
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Herman RJ, Schmidt HD. Targeting GLP-1 receptors to reduce nicotine use disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114565. [PMID: 38663460 PMCID: PMC11128349 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use disorder (NUD) remains a leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. Unfortunately, current FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation have limited efficacy and are associated with high rates of relapse. One major barrier to long-term smoking abstinence is body weight gain during withdrawal. Nicotine withdrawal-induced body weight gain can also lead to development of chronic disease states like obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is critical to identify novel pharmacotherapies for NUD that decrease relapse and nicotine withdrawal symptoms including body weight gain. Recent studies demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate voluntary nicotine taking and seeking and prevent withdrawal-induced hyperphagia and body weight gain. Emerging evidence also suggests that GLP-1R agonists improve cognitive deficits, as well as depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, which contribute to smoking relapse during withdrawal. While further studies are necessary to fully characterize the effects of GLP-1R agonists on NUD and understand the mechanisms by which GLP-1R agonists decrease nicotine withdrawal-mediated behaviors, the current literature supports GLP-1R-based approaches to treating NUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae J Herman
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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7
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Sun X, Yang D, Li Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Yi T. Identification and utility exploration of a highly potent and long-acting bullfrog GLP-1 analogue in GLP-1 and amylin combination therapy. Peptides 2024; 177:171203. [PMID: 38582303 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the efficacy of an innovative therapeutic approach that combines GLP-1 and amylin analogues for weight reduction. Focusing on GLP-1 analogues from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), we designed ten bGLP-1 analogues with various modifications. Among them, bGLP-10 showed high potency in binding and activating GLP-1 receptors, with superior albumin affinity. In diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice fed a high-fat diet, bGLP-10 demonstrated significant superiority over semaglutide in reducing blood sugar and food intake at a dose of 10 nmol/kg (P < 0.001). Notably, in a chronic study involving DIO mice, the combination of bGLP-10 with the amylin analogue cagrilintide led to a more substantial weight loss (-38.4%, P < 0.001) compared to either the semaglutide-cagrilintide combination (-23.0%) or cagrilintide (-5.7%), bGLP-10 (-16.1%), and semaglutide (-10.9%) alone. Furthermore, the bGLP-10 and cagrilintide combination exhibited superior glucose control and liver lipid management compared to the semaglutide-cagrilintide combination (P < 0.001). These results highlight bGLP-10's potential in GLP-1 and amylin-based therapies and suggest exploring more GLP-1 analogues from natural sources for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, PR China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, No. 18 Zhongshan Second Road, Youjiang, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, PR China.
| | - Tingzhuang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Research on Prevention and Control of High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi/Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, PR China.
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8
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Merkel R, Hernandez N, Weir V, Zhang Y, Rich MT, Crist RC, Reiner BC, Schmidt HD. An endogenous GLP-1 circuit engages VTA GABA neurons to regulate mesolimbic dopamine neurons and attenuate cocaine seeking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599574. [PMID: 38979354 PMCID: PMC11230186 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies show that systemic administration of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist is sufficient to attenuate the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, an animal model of relapse. However, the neural mechanisms mediating these effects and the role of endogenous central GLP-1 signaling in cocaine seeking remain unknown. Here, we show that voluntary cocaine taking decreased plasma GLP-1 levels in rats and that chemogenetic activation of GLP-1-producing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that project to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) decreased cocaine reinstatement. Single nuclei transcriptomics and FISH studies revealed GLP-1Rs are expressed primarily on GABA neurons in the VTA. Using in vivo fiber photometry, we found that the efficacy of a systemic GLP-1R agonist to attenuate cocaine seeking was associated with increased activity of VTA GABA neurons and decreased activity of VTA dopamine neurons. Together, these findings suggest that targeting central GLP-1 circuits may be an effective strategy toward reducing cocaine relapse and highlight a novel functional role of GABAergic GLP-1R-expressing midbrain neurons in drug seeking.
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9
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Marchi D, Cerepaka C, Garman L, Williams WR. A Retrospective Analysis of Liraglutide (GLP-1 Agonist) Use in a Chinchilla ( Chinchilla lanigera) Model of Auditory Blast Injury. Comp Med 2024; 74:179-185. [PMID: 38649263 PMCID: PMC11267444 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-23-000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Chinchillas are a relatively novel research model compared with other rodent species. They require special considerations when it comes to their husbandry and daily care. Chinchillas tend to be shy animals that are well adapted to masking clinical signs of illness. These characteristics can make them a difficult species to maintain in a research setting. The authors' institution has maintained chinchillas and established standardized daily animal care procedures for them. Chinchillas are most commonly used for auditory research. They are often used to study the mechanism of different induced auditory conditions or injuries as well as exploration for potential alleviating treatments. Often, tested therapeutics have demonstrated potentially beneficial effects but have not been applied in the specific condition or injury of interest. The development of new applications for therapeutics can lead to groundbreaking discoveries, but testing of new therapeutic applications is often initially performed in an animal model without knowing how the therapeutic will behave in the species. During testing, unexpected adverse events may manifest that require more focused monitoring and supportive care. This scenario occurred when adverse effects were observed in a chinchilla blast-injury model after receiving an acylated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. The study involved evaluation of this therapeutic over an extended amount of time after inducing a controlled pressurized blast-injury followed by multiple repeated hearing tests under anesthesia. Chinchillas enrolled in the study exhibited several clinical signs including weight loss, lethargy, labored breathing, neurologic abnormalities, decreased appetite or decreased fecal output, and otitis. Five primary abnormalities were reported on pathology: aspiration pneumonia, hepatic steatosis, right ventricular dilation, pancreatitis, and tubulointerstitial nephritis. Initially abnormal clinical signs, early mortality rates, and pathology were attributed to multiple anesthetic events. However, a retrospective analysis evaluating the association of different study variable exposures in a stratified comparison demonstrated that the early mortality rates were actually associated with the therapeutic drug given for the first time in this species. In this study, we describe the detailed findings of the retrospective analysis and explore different strategies that can be incorporated to maintain good animal welfare and decrease early animal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidra Marchi
- Division of Comparative Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Clarissa Cerepaka
- Division of Comparative Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Lori Garman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wendy R Williams
- Division of Comparative Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
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DiBrog AM, Kern KA, Demieri E, Mietlicki-Baase EG. The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA-543613 reduces food intake in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 237:173723. [PMID: 38331049 PMCID: PMC11332425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent disease, but effective treatment options remain limited. Agonists of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) promote negative energy balance in mice, but these effects are not well-studied in rats. We tested the hypothesis that central administration of the α7nAChR agonist PHA-543613 (PHA) would decrease food intake and body weight in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) PHA administration in chow-fed rats produced a suppression of energy intake and weight gain over 24 h. Next, to evaluate effects of ICV PHA on palatable food intake, rats were maintained on a choice diet of rodent chow and 45 % high fat diet (HFD); under these conditions, ICV PHA produced no significant changes in energy intake from either food, or body weight gain, in the 24 h post-injection. However, when given a choice of chow or a higher-fat 60 % HFD, ICV PHA reduced intake of 60 % HFD, but not chow; body weight gain was also suppressed. Further experiments evaluating conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) and pica in response to ICV PHA suggested that the suppressive food intake and body weight effects after ICV injection of PHA were not due to nausea/malaise. Finally, an operant conditioning study showed that responding on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement for high-fat food pellets decreased after ICV PHA. Collectively, these studies show that PHA reduces energy intake under some but not all dietary conditions. Importantly, central PHA decreases both food intake as well as motivation for highly palatable, energy dense foods in rats without inducing nausea/malaise, suggesting that the α7nAChR could be a viable target for developing treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne M DiBrog
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Katherine A Kern
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Emily Demieri
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Mietlicki-Baase
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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11
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Hansen HH, Pors S, Andersen MW, Vyberg M, Nøhr-Meldgaard J, Nielsen MH, Oró D, Madsen MR, Lewinska M, Møllerhøj MB, Madsen AN, Feigh M. Semaglutide reduces tumor burden in the GAN diet-induced obese and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH-HCC with advanced fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23056. [PMID: 38155202 PMCID: PMC10754821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging as a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, it is not resolved if compounds in late-stage clinical development for NASH may have additional therapeutic benefits in NASH-driven HCC (NASH-HCC). Here, we profiled monotherapy with semaglutide (glucagon-like-receptor-1 receptor agonist) and lanifibranor (pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist) in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NASH-HCC. Disease progression was characterized in male C57BL/6 J mice fed the GAN (Gubra Amylin NASH) diet high in fat, fructose and cholesterol for 12-72 weeks (n = 15 per group). Other GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice fed the GAN diet for 54 weeks and with biopsy-confirmed NASH (NAFLD Activity Score ≥ 5) and advanced fibrosis (stage F3) received vehicle (n = 16), semaglutide (30 nmol/kg, s.c., n = 15), or lanifibranor (30 mg/kg, p.o., n = 15) once daily for 14 weeks. GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice demonstrated progressive NASH, fibrosis and HCC burden. Tumors presented with histological and molecular signatures of poor prognostic HCC. Consistent with clinical trial outcomes in NASH patients, both lanifibranor and semaglutide improved NASH while only lanifibranor reduced fibrosis in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice. Notably, only semaglutide reduced tumor burden in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice. In conclusion, the GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mouse is a clinical translational model of NASH-HCC. Semaglutide improves both NASH and tumor burden in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice, highlighting the suitability of this preclinical model for profiling novel drug therapies targeting NASH-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Pors
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Vyberg
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Denise Oró
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Feigh
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
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12
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Dahir NS, Gui Y, Wu Y, Sweeney PR, Williams SY, Gimenez LE, Sawyer TK, Joy ST, Mapp AK, Cone RD. Inhibition of the melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) causes generalized sensitization to anorectic agents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570114. [PMID: 38106197 PMCID: PMC10723368 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) acts presynaptically to regulate GABA release from agouti-related protein (AgRP) nerve terminals and thus may be a negative regulator of multiple circuits involved in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Here, we examined the role of MC3R in regulating the response to various anorexigenic agents. Our findings reveal that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of MC3R improves the dose responsiveness to Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonists, as assayed by inhibition of food intake and weight loss. An enhanced anorectic response to other agents, including the acute satiety factors peptide YY (PYY3-36) and cholecystokinin (CCK) and the long-term adipostatic factor, leptin, demonstrated that increased sensitivity to anorectic agents is a generalized result of MC3R antagonism. Enhanced neuronal activation in multiple nuclei, including ARH, VMH, and DMH, was observed using Fos immunohistochemistry following low-dose liraglutide in MC3R knockout mice (Mc3r-/-), supporting the hypothesis that the MC3R is a negative regulator of circuits regulating multiple aspects of feeding behavior. The enhanced anorectic response in Mc3r -/- mice after administration of GLP1 analogs was also independent of the incretin effects and malaise induced by GLP1R analogs, suggesting that MC3R antagonists may have value in enhancing the dose-response range of obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima S. Dahir
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yijun Gui
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yanan Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Patrick R. Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | | | - Luis E. Gimenez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tomi K. Sawyer
- Courage Therapeutics, 64 Homer Street, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, United States
| | - Stephen T. Joy
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anna K. Mapp
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Chemistry, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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13
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Caffrey A, Lavecchia E, Merkel R, Zhang Y, Chichura KS, Hayes MR, Doyle RP, Schmidt HD. PYY 3-36 infused systemically or directly into the VTA attenuates fentanyl seeking in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109686. [PMID: 37572954 PMCID: PMC10528880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
More effective treatments for fentanyl use disorder are urgently needed. An emerging literature indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate voluntary opioid taking and seeking in rodents. However, GLP-1R agonists produce adverse malaise-like effects that may limit patient compliance. Recently, we developed a dual agonist of GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs) that attenuates fentanyl taking and seeking at doses that do not produce malaise-like effects in opioid-experienced rats. Whether activating Y2Rs alone is sufficient to reduce opioid taking and seeking, however, is not known. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the Y2R ligand PYY3-36 to reduce fentanyl self-administration and the reinstatement of fentanyl-seeking behavior, a model of relapse in humans. Male rats were allowed to self-administer fentanyl (2.5 μg/kg, i.v.) for 21 days on a fixed-ratio 5 (FR5) schedule of reinforcement. Rats were then pretreated with vehicle or PYY3-36 (50 μg/kg s.c.; 0.1 and 1.0 μg/100 nL intra-VTA) prior to fentanyl self-administration test sessions. There were no effects of systemic or intra-VTA PYY3-36 on intravenous fentanyl self-administration. Opioid taking was then extinguished. Prior to subsequent reinstatement test sessions, rats were pretreated with vehicle or PYY3-36 (50 μg/kg s.c.; 0.1 and 1.0 μg/100 nL intra-VTA). Both systemic and intra-VTA administration of PYY3-36 attenuated fentanyl reinstatement in male rats at doses that did not affect food intake or produce adverse malaise-like effects. These findings indicate that Y2R agonism alone is sufficient to decrease fentanyl-seeking behavior during abstinence in opioid-experienced rats and further support strategies aimed at targeting Y2Rs for treating opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caffrey
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - E Lavecchia
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R Merkel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - K S Chichura
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA
| | - M R Hayes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - H D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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14
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Fortin SM, Chen JC, Petticord MC, Ragozzino FJ, Peters JH, Hayes MR. The locus coeruleus contributes to the anorectic, nausea, and autonomic physiological effects of glucagon-like peptide-1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0980. [PMID: 37729419 PMCID: PMC10511187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the therapeutic potential and reducing the side effects of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists used to treat obesity require complete characterization of the central mechanisms that mediate both the food intake-suppressive and illness-like effects of GLP-1R signaling. Our studies, in the rat, demonstrate that GLP-1Rs in the locus coeruleus (LC) are pharmacologically and physiologically relevant for food intake control. Furthermore, agonism of LC GLP-1Rs induces illness-like behaviors, and antagonism of LC GLP-1Rs can attenuate GLP-1R-mediated nausea. Electrophysiological and behavioral pharmacology data support a role for LC GLP-1Rs expressed on presynaptic glutamatergic terminals in the control of feeding and malaise. Collectively, our work establishes the LC as a site of action for GLP-1 signaling and extends our understanding of the GLP-1 signaling mechanism necessary for the development of improved obesity pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Fortin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jack C. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marisa C. Petticord
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Forrest J. Ragozzino
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - James H. Peters
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Chuong V, Farokhnia M, Khom S, Pince CL, Elvig SK, Vlkolinsky R, Marchette RC, Koob GF, Roberto M, Vendruscolo LF, Leggio L. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue semaglutide reduces alcohol drinking and modulates central GABA neurotransmission. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170671. [PMID: 37192005 PMCID: PMC10371247 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system is involved in the neurobiology of addictive behaviors, and GLP-1 analogues may be used for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we examined the effects of semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analogue, on biobehavioral correlates of alcohol use in rodents. A drinking-in-the-dark procedure was used to test the effects of semaglutide on binge-like drinking in male and female mice. We also tested the effects of semaglutide on binge-like and dependence-induced alcohol drinking in male and female rats, as well as acute effects of semaglutide on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) from central amygdala (CeA) and infralimbic cortex (ILC) neurons. Semaglutide dose-dependently reduced binge-like alcohol drinking in mice; a similar effect was observed on the intake of other caloric/noncaloric solutions. Semaglutide also reduced binge-like and dependence-induced alcohol drinking in rats. Semaglutide increased sIPSC frequency in CeA and ILC neurons from alcohol-naive rats, suggesting enhanced GABA release, but had no overall effect on GABA transmission in alcohol-dependent rats. In conclusion, the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide decreased alcohol intake across different drinking models and species and modulated central GABA neurotransmission, providing support for clinical testing of semaglutide as a potentially novel pharmacotherapy for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Chuong
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR), NIH, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR), NIH, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire L. Pince
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR), NIH, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie K. Elvig
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, NIDA IRP and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR), NIH, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Aranäs C, Edvardsson CE, Shevchouk OT, Zhang Q, Witley S, Blid Sköldheden S, Zentveld L, Vallöf D, Tufvesson-Alm M, Jerlhag E. Semaglutide reduces alcohol intake and relapse-like drinking in male and female rats. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104642. [PMID: 37295046 PMCID: PMC10363436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have been found to reduce alcohol drinking in rodents and overweight patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the probability of low semaglutide doses, an agonist with higher potency and affinity for GLP-1R, to attenuate alcohol-related responses in rodents and the underlying neuronal mechanisms is unknown. METHODS In the intermittent access model, we examined the ability of semaglutide to decrease alcohol intake and block relapse-like drinking, as well as imaging the binding of fluorescently marked semaglutide to nucleus accumbens (NAc) in both male and female rats. The suppressive effect of semaglutide on alcohol-induced locomotor stimulation and in vivo dopamine release in NAc was tested in male mice. We evaluated effect of semaglutide on the in vivo release of dopamine metabolites (DOPAC and HVA) and gene expression of enzymes metabolising dopamine (MAOA and COMT) in male mice. FINDINGS In male and female rats, acute and repeated semaglutide administration reduced alcohol intake and prevented relapse-like drinking. Moreover, fluorescently labelled semaglutide was detected in NAc of alcohol-drinking male and female rats. Further, semaglutide attenuated the ability of alcohol to cause hyperlocomotion and to elevate dopamine in NAc in male mice. As further shown in male mice, semaglutide enhanced DOPAC and HVA in NAc when alcohol was onboard and increased the gene expression of COMT and MAOA. INTERPRETATION Altogether, this indicates that semaglutide reduces alcohol drinking behaviours, possibly via a reduction in alcohol-induced reward and NAc dependent mechanisms. As semaglutide also decreased body weight of alcohol-drinking rats of both sexes, upcoming clinical studies should test the plausibility that semaglutide reduces alcohol intake and body weight in overweight AUD patients. FUNDING Swedish Research Council (2019-01676), LUA/ALF (723941) from the Sahlgrenska University Hospital and the Swedish brain foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajsa Aranäs
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian E Edvardsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olesya T Shevchouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah Witley
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Blid Sköldheden
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lindsay Zentveld
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Vallöf
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Tufvesson-Alm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Cawthon CR, Blonde GD, Nisi AV, Bloomston HM, Krubitski B, le Roux CW, Spector AC. Chronic Semaglutide Treatment in Rats Leads to Daily Excessive Concentration-Dependent Sucrose Intake. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad074. [PMID: 37388574 PMCID: PMC10306276 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist semaglutide (SEMA) produces 15% weight loss when chronically administered to humans with obesity. Methods In 2 separate experiments, rats received daily injections of either vehicle (VEH) or SEMA starting at 7 µg/kg body weight (BW) and increasing over 10 days to the maintenance dose (70 µg/kg-BW), emulating clinical dose escalation strategies. Results During dose escalation and maintenance, SEMA rats reduced chow intake and bodyweight. Experiment 2 meal pattern analysis revealed that meal size, not number, mediated these SEMA-induced changes in chow intake. This suggests SEMA affects neural processes controlling meal termination and not meal initiation. Two-bottle preference tests (vs water) began after 10 to 16 days of maintenance dosing. Rats received either an ascending sucrose concentration series (0.03-1.0 M) and 1 fat solution (Experiment 1) or a 4% and 24% sucrose solution in a crossover design (Experiment 2). At lower sucrose concentrations, SEMA-treated rats in both experiments drank sometimes >2× the volume consumed by VEH controls; at higher sucrose concentrations (and 10% fat), intake was similar between treatment groups. Energy intake of SEMA rats became similar to VEH rats. This was unexpected because GLP-1R agonism is thought to decrease the reward and/or increase the satiating potency of palatable foods. Despite sucrose-driven increases in both groups, a significant bodyweight difference between SEMA- and VEH-treated rats remained. Conclusion The basis of the SEMA-induced overconsumption of sucrose at lower concentrations relative to VEH controls remains unclear, but the effects of chronic SEMA treatment on energy intake and BW appear to depend on the caloric sources available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Cawthon
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ginger D Blonde
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - A Valentina Nisi
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Haley M Bloomston
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Belle Krubitski
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Center, Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 C1P1, Ireland
| | - Alan C Spector
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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18
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Jerlhag E. The therapeutic potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 for persons with addictions based on findings from preclinical and clinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1063033. [PMID: 37063267 PMCID: PMC10097922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1063033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the multifaceted mechanisms underlying alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been partially defined, the neurobiological complexity of this disorder is yet to be unraveled. One of the systems that have gained attention in recent times is the gut–brain axis. Although numerous peptides participate in this axis, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a central role. GLP-1 is a crucial anorexigenic peptide, with potent abilities to reduce food intake and body weight. The physiological complexity of GLP-1 entails glucose homeostasis, gastrointestinal motility, and the release of insulin and glucagon. As reviewed in this study, acute or repeated treatment with GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists decreases alcohol consumption in rodents. Moreover, the abilities of alcohol to promote hyperlocomotion, dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, and reward in the conditioned place preference paradigm are all suppressed by GLP-1R ligands. Moreover, activation of GLP-1R suppresses the motivation to consume alcohol, alcohol-seeking behaviors, and relapse drinking in male rodents. Similarly, abstinence symptoms experienced during alcohol withdrawal are attenuated by activation of the GLP-1 pathway. On a similar note, the activation of GLP-1 receptors within areas of the brain that are processing reward modulates these alcohol-related responses. Another area that is crucial for this ability is the nucleus of the solitary tract, which is where GLP-1 is produced and from which GLP-1-containing neurons project to areas of reward. These findings may have clinical relevance as AUD is associated with polymorphisms in GLP-1-related genes. Although a GLP-1R agonist does not alter alcohol intake in AUD patients, it reduces this consumption in a sub-population of obese AUD individuals. Given the uncertainty of this outcome, additional clinical studies of obese AUD patients should explore the effects of the GLP-1R agonists on alcohol intake and body weight. Furthermore, GLP-1 receptors modulate the behavioral and neurochemical responses to addictive drugs. Taken together, these preclinical and clinical findings imply that the GLP-1 pathway plays a role in the complex mechanisms regulating alcohol and drug consumption patterns, unveiling a novel aspect of addiction medicine.
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Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Mazur A, Chudek J, Kos-Kudła B, Markuszewski L, Dudek D, Major P, Małczak P, Tarnowski W, Jaworski P, Tomiak E. Obesity in Adults: Position Statement of Polish Association for the Study on Obesity, Polish Association of Endocrinology, Polish Association of Cardiodiabetology, Polish Psychiatric Association, Section of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery of the Association of Polish Surgeons, and the College of Family Physicians in Poland. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071641. [PMID: 37049479 PMCID: PMC10097178 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in adults and its complications are among the most important problems of public health. The search was conducted by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases from January 2010 to December 2022 for English language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from all over the world. Six main topics were defined in the joint consensus statement of the Polish Association for the Study on Obesity, the Polish Association of Endocrinology, the Polish Association of Cardio-diabetology, the Polish Psychiatric Association, the Section of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery of the Society of Polish Surgeons, and the College of Family Physicians in Poland: (1) the definition, causes and diagnosis of obesity; (2) treatment of obesity; (3) treatment of main complications of obesity; (4) bariatric surgery and its limitations; (5) the role of primary care in diagnostics and treatment of obesity and barriers; and (6) recommendations for general practitioners, regional authorities and the Ministry of Health. This statement outlines the role of an individual and the adequate approach to the treatment of obesity: overcoming obstacles in the treatment of obesity by primary health care. The approach to the treatment of obesity in patients with its most common complications is also discussed. Attention was drawn to the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and considering the needs of patients in increasing the long-term effectiveness of obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Leszek Markuszewski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Humanities and Technology in Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Małczak
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Wiesław Tarnowski
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Orłowski Hospital, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Jaworski
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Orłowski Hospital, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Tomiak
- The College of Family Physicians in Poland, 00-209 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Ozer I, Slezak A, Sirohi P, Li X, Zakharov N, Yao Y, Everitt JI, Spasojevic I, Craig SL, Collier JH, Campbell JE, D'Alessio DA, Chilkoti A. An injectable PEG-like conjugate forms a subcutaneous depot and enables sustained delivery of a peptide drug. Biomaterials 2023; 294:121985. [PMID: 36630826 PMCID: PMC10918641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many biologics have a short plasma half-life, and their conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used to solve this problem. However, the improvement in the plasma half-life of PEGylated drugs' is at an asymptote because the development of branched PEG has only had a modest impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Here, we developed an injectable PEG-like conjugate that forms a subcutaneous depot for the sustained delivery of biologics. The PEG-like conjugate consists of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) conjugated to exendin, a peptide drug used in the clinic to treat type 2 diabetes. The depot-forming exendin-POEGMA conjugate showed greater efficacy than a PEG conjugate of exendin as well as Bydureon, a clinically approved sustained-release formulation of exendin. The injectable depot-forming exendin-POEGMA conjugate did not elicit an immune response against the polymer, so that it remained effective and safe for long-term management of type 2 diabetes upon chronic administration. In contrast, the PEG conjugate induced an anti-PEG immune response, leading to early clearance and loss of efficacy upon repeat dosing. The exendin-POEGMA depot also showed superior long-term efficacy compared to Bydureon. Collectively, these results suggest that an injectable POEGMA conjugate of biologic drugs that forms a drug depot under the skin, providing favorable pharmacokinetic properties and sustained efficacy while remaining non-immunogenic, offers significant advantages over other commonly used drug delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Slezak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parul Sirohi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikita Zakharov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yunxin Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Duke School of Medicine, Department of Medicine-Oncology, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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21
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Gaspar RS, Delafiori J, Zuccoli G, Carregari VC, Prado TP, Morari J, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Solon CS, Catharino RR, Araujo EP, Martins-de-Souza D, Velloso LA. Exogenous succinate impacts mouse brown adipose tissue mitochondrial proteome and potentiates body mass reduction induced by liraglutide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E226-E240. [PMID: 36724126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00231.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading noncommunicable diseases in the world. Despite intense efforts to develop strategies to prevent and treat obesity, its prevalence continues to rise worldwide. A recent study has shown that the tricarboxylic acid intermediate succinate increases body energy expenditure by promoting brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through the activation of uncoupling protein-1; this has generated interest surrounding its potential usefulness as an approach to treat obesity. It is currently unknown how succinate impacts brown adipose tissue protein expression, and how exogenous succinate impacts body mass reduction promoted by a drug approved to treat human obesity, the glucagon-like-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide. In the first part of this study, we used bottom-up shotgun proteomics to determine the acute impact of exogenous succinate on the brown adipose tissue. We show that succinate rapidly affects the expression of 177 brown adipose tissue proteins, which are mostly associated with mitochondrial structure and function. In the second part of this study, we performed a short-term preclinical pharmacological intervention, treating diet-induced obese mice with a combination of exogenous succinate and liraglutide. We show that the combination was more efficient than liraglutide alone in promoting body mass reduction, food energy efficiency reduction, food intake reduction, and an increase in body temperature. Using serum metabolomics analysis, we showed that succinate, but not liraglutide, promoted a significant increase in the blood levels of several medium and long-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, exogenous succinate promotes rapid changes in brown adipose tissue mitochondrial proteins, and when used in association with liraglutide, increases body mass reduction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exogenous succinate induces major changes in brown adipose tissue protein expression affecting particularly mitochondrial respiration and structural proteins. When given exogenously in drinking water, succinate mitigates body mass gain in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity; in addition, when given in association with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, succinate increases body mass reduction promoted by liraglutide alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Gaspar
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeany Delafiori
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Thais P Prado
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carina S Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Catharino
- INNOVARE Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Asker M, Krieger JP, Liles A, Tinsley IC, Borner T, Maric I, Doebley S, Furst CD, Börchers S, Longo F, Bhat YR, De Jonghe BC, Hayes MR, Doyle RP, Skibicka KP. Peripherally restricted oxytocin is sufficient to reduce food intake and motivation, while CNS entry is required for locomotor and taste avoidance effects. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:856-877. [PMID: 36495318 PMCID: PMC9987651 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxytocin (OT) has a well-established role in reproductive behaviours; however, it recently emerged as an important regulator of energy homeostasis. In addition to central nervous system (CNS), OT is found in the plasma and OT receptors (OT-R) are found in peripheral tissues relevant to energy balance regulation. Here, we aim to determine whether peripheral OT-R activation is sufficient to alter energy intake and expenditure. METHODS AND RESULTS We first show that systemic OT potently reduced food intake and food-motivated behaviour for a high-fat reward in male and female rats. As it is plausible that peripherally, intraperitoneally (IP) injected OT crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to produce some of the metabolic effects within the CNS, we screened, with a novel fluorescently labelled-OT (fAF546-OT, Roxy), for the presence of IP-injected Roxy in CNS tissue relevant to feeding control and compared such with BBB-impermeable fluorescent OT-B12 (fCy5-OT-B12; BRoxy). While Roxy did penetrate the CNS, BRoxy did not. To evaluate the behavioural and thermoregulatory impact of exclusive activation of peripheral OT-R, we generated a novel BBB-impermeable OT (OT-B12 ), with equipotent binding at OT-R in vitro. In vivo, IP-injected OT and OT-B12 were equipotent at food intake suppression in rats of both sexes, suggesting that peripheral OT acts on peripheral OT-R to reduce feeding behaviour. Importantly, OT induced a potent conditioned taste avoidance, indistinguishable from that induced by LiCl, when applied peripherally. Remarkably, and in contrast to OT, OT-B12 did not induce any conditioned taste avoidance. Limiting the CNS entry of OT also resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of emesis in male shrews. While both OT and OT-B12 proved to have similar effects on body temperature, only OT resulted in home-cage locomotor depression. CONCLUSIONS Together our data indicate that limiting systemic OT CNS penetrance preserves the anorexic effects of the peptide and reduces the clinically undesired side effects of OT: emesis, taste avoidance and locomotor depression. Thus, therapeutic targeting of peripheral OT-R may be a viable strategy to achieve appetite suppression with better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asker
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for molecular and translational medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amber Liles
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ian C Tinsley
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tito Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivana Maric
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Doebley
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Daniel Furst
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stina Börchers
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for molecular and translational medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Longo
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yashaswini R Bhat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for molecular and translational medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Zhang L, Zhang W, Tian X. The pleiotropic of GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in central nervous system diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:473-491. [PMID: 33941038 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1924707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is a multifunctional polypeptide throughout the lifespan via activating Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R).GLP-1 can affect food ingestion, enhance the secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets induced by glucose and be utilized to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).But, accumulating evidences from the decades suggest that activation GLP-1R can not only regulate the blood glucose, but also sustain the homeostasis of intracellular environment and protect neuron from various damaged responses such as oxidative stress, inflammation, excitotoxicity, ischemia and so on. And more and more pre-clinical and clinical studies identified that GLP-1 and its analogues may play a significant role in improving multiple central nervous system (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, mental disorders, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, chronic pain, addictive disorders, other diseases neurological complications and so on. In order to better reveal the relationship between GLP-1/GLP-1R axis and the growth, development and survival of neurons, herein, this review is aimed to summarize the multi-function of GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- LongQing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - XueBi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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24
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Shin Y, Kim B, Kim W. Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Effect of Herbal Medicines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3395. [PMID: 36501434 PMCID: PMC9736559 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat various types of cancers. However, its side effects, most commonly nausea and vomiting, limit its widespread use. Although various drugs, such as ondansetron and aprepitant, are used to alleviate these side effects, their efficacy is still debated. This review aims to summarize the results of 14 studies on the effects of seven single herbal extracts, one multiple herbal extract, and one ginger sub-component (i.e., [6]-gingerol) on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. The results of the included studies were subdivided into four categories: kaolin consumption, retching and vomiting, food intake, and weight loss. Most studies used rodents, whereas four studies used minks or pigeons. The doses of cisplatin used in the studies varied from 3 mg/kg to 7.5 mg/kg, and only a single injection was used. Nine studies analyzed the mechanisms of action of herbal medicines and assessed the involvement of neurotransmitters, cytokines, enzymes, and various hematological parameters. Although further research is needed, this review suggests herbal medicine as a viable treatment option for cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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25
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DiBrog AM, Kern KA, Mukherjee A, Przybysz JT, Mietlicki-Baase EG. The alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 does not affect food intake in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173444. [PMID: 35944617 PMCID: PMC10577676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent disease, but effective treatments remain limited. Agonists of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) promote negative energy balance in mice, but these effects are not well-studied in rats. We tested the hypothesis that the α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 would decrease food intake and body weight in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Contrary to our hypothesis, acute systemic administration of GTS-21 produced no significant effects on chow or high-fat diet (HFD) intake. Acute intracerebroventricular (ICV) GTS-21 also had no impact on chow intake, and actually increased body weight at the highest dose tested. Previous studies suggest that GTS-21 engages the food intake-suppressive glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system in mice. As there are known species differences in GLP-1 physiology between mice and rats, we tested the ability of GTS-21 to elicit GLP-1 secretion in rats. Our results showed that plasma levels of total GLP-1 in rats were not significantly altered by peripheral GTS-21 injection. These results represent an advance in understanding how α7nAChR activation impacts energy balance control in rodents and suggest that there may be important differences between rats and mice in the ability of GTS-21/α7nAChR activation to increase secretion of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne M DiBrog
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Katherine A Kern
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, United States of America
| | | | - Johnathan T Przybysz
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth G Mietlicki-Baase
- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, United States of America; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, United States of America.
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26
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Olszewski PK, Noble EE, Paiva L, Ueta Y, Blevins JE. Oxytocin as a potential pharmacological tool to combat obesity. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13106. [PMID: 35192207 PMCID: PMC9372234 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has emerged as an important anorexigen in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. It has been shown that the release of OT and activation of hypothalamic OT neurons coincide with food ingestion. Its effects on feeding have largely been attributed to limiting meal size through interactions in key regulatory brain regions governing the homeostatic control of food intake such as the hypothalamus and hindbrain in addition to key feeding reward areas such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. Furthermore, the magnitude of an anorexigenic response to OT and feeding-related activation of the brain OT circuit are modified by the composition and flavor of a diet, as well as by a social context in which a meal is consumed. OT is particularly effective in reducing consumption of carbohydrates and sweet tastants. Pharmacologic, genetic, and pair-feeding studies indicate that OT-elicited weight loss cannot be fully explained by reductions of food intake and that the overall impact of OT on energy balance is also partly a result of OT-elicited changes in lipolysis, energy expenditure, and glucose regulation. Peripheral administration of OT mimics many of its effects when it is given into the central nervous system, raising the questions of whether and to what extent circulating OT acts through peripheral OT receptors to regulate energy balance. Although OT has been found to elicit weight loss in female mice, recent studies have indicated that sex and estrous cycle may impact oxytocinergic modulation of food intake. Despite the overall promising basic research data, attempts to use OT in the clinical setting to combat obesity and overeating have generated somewhat mixed results. The focus of this mini-review is to briefly summarize the role of OT in feeding and metabolism, address gaps and inconsistencies in our knowledge, and discuss some of the limitations to the potential use of chronic OT that should help guide future research on OT as a tailor-made anti-obesity therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel K Olszewski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Waikato, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Luis Paiva
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - James E Blevins
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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27
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Bai L, Sivakumar N, Yu S, Mesgarzadeh S, Ding T, Ly T, Corpuz TV, Grove JCR, Jarvie BC, Knight ZA. Enteroendocrine cell types that drive food reward and aversion. eLife 2022; 11:74964. [PMID: 35913117 PMCID: PMC9363118 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals must learn through experience which foods are nutritious and should be consumed, and which are toxic and should be avoided. Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are the principal chemosensors in the GI tract, but investigation of their role in behavior has been limited by the difficulty of selectively targeting these cells in vivo. Here, we describe an intersectional genetic approach for manipulating EEC subtypes in behaving mice. We show that multiple EEC subtypes inhibit food intake but have different effects on learning. Conditioned flavor preference is driven by release of cholecystokinin whereas conditioned taste aversion is mediated by serotonin and substance P. These positive and negative valence signals are transmitted by vagal and spinal afferents, respectively. These findings establish a cellular basis for how chemosensing in the gut drives learning about food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nilla Sivakumar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Shenliang Yu
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sheyda Mesgarzadeh
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Tom Ding
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Truong Ly
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Timothy V Corpuz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - James C R Grove
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Brooke C Jarvie
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Zachary A Knight
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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28
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Nephroprotective Effects of Semaglutide as Mono- and Combination Treatment with Lisinopril in a Mouse Model of Hypertension-Accelerated Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071661. [PMID: 35884965 PMCID: PMC9313388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension are critical risk factors for development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Emerging evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients. Here, we characterized the effect of the long-acting GLP-1R agonist semaglutide alone and in combination with an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) in a model of hypertension-accelerated, advanced DKD facilitated by adeno-associated virus-mediated renin overexpression (ReninAAV) in uninephrectomized (UNx) female diabetic db/db mice. Methods: Female db/db mice received a single intravenous injection of ReninAAV 1 week prior to UNx. Six weeks post-nephrectomy, db/db UNx-ReninAAV mice were administered (q.d.) vehicle, semaglutide (30 nmol/kg, s.c.) or semaglutide (30 nmol/kg, s.c.) + lisinopril (30 mg/kg, p.o.) for 11 weeks. Endpoints included blood pressure, plasma/urine biochemistry, kidney histopathology and RNA sequencing. Results: Vehicle-dosed db/db UNx-ReninAAV mice developed hallmarks of DKD characterized by severe albuminuria and advanced glomerulosclerosis. Semaglutide robustly reduced hyperglycemia, hypertension and albuminuria concurrent with notable improvements in glomerulosclerosis severity, podocyte filtration slit density, urine/renal kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels and gene expression markers of inflammation and fibrogenesis in db/db UNx-ReninAAV mice. Co-administration of lisinopril further ameliorated hypertension and glomerulosclerosis. Conclusions: Semaglutide improves disease hallmarks in the db/db UNx-ReninAAV mouse model of advanced DKD. Further benefits on renal outcomes were obtained by adjunctive antihypertensive standard of care. Collectively, our study supports the development of semaglutide for management of DKD.
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29
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Cheng W, Gordian D, Ludwig MQ, Pers TH, Seeley RJ, Myers MG. Hindbrain circuits in the control of eating behaviour and energy balance. Nat Metab 2022; 4:826-835. [PMID: 35879458 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Body weight and adiposity represent biologically controlled parameters that are influenced by a combination of genetic, developmental and environmental variables. Although the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in matching caloric intake with energy expenditure to achieve a stable body weight, it is now recognized that neuronal circuits in the hindbrain not only serve to produce nausea and to terminate feeding in response to food consumption or during pathological states, but also contribute to the long-term control of body weight. Additionally, recent work has identified hindbrain neurons that are capable of suppressing food intake without producing aversive responses like those associated with nausea. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the hindbrain neurons that control feeding, particularly those located in the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarius. We frame this information in the context of new atlases of hindbrain neuronal populations and develop a model of the hindbrain circuits that control food intake and energy balance, suggesting important areas for additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Desiree Gordian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mette Q Ludwig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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30
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Emetic Response to T-2 Toxin Correspond to Secretion of Glucagon-like Peptide-17–36 Amide and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060389. [PMID: 35737050 PMCID: PMC9228683 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-2 toxin, a major secondary metabolite of Fusarium Gramineae, is considered a great risk to humans and animals due to its toxicity, such as inducing emesis. The mechanism of emesis is a complex signal involving an imbalance of hormones and neurotransmitters, as well as activity of visceral afferent neurons. The T-2 toxin has been proven to induce emesis and possess the capacity to elevate expressions of intestinal hormones glucagon-like peptide-17–36 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), both of which are important emetic factors. In addition, the activation of calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are engaged in intestinal hormone release. However, it is unknown whether hormones GLP-1 and GIP mediate T-2 toxin-induced emetic response through activating CaSR and TRP channels. To further assess the mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced emesis, we studied the hypothesis that T-2 toxin-caused emetic response and intestinal hormones GLP-1 and GIP released in mink are associated with activating calcium transduction. Following oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection T-2 toxin, emetic responses were observed in a dose-dependent manner, which notably corresponded to the secretion of GLP-1 and GIP, and were suppressed by pretreatment with respective antagonist Exending9–39 and Pro3GIP. Additional research found that NPS-2143 (NPS) and ruthenium red (RR), respective antagonists of CaSR and TRP channels, dramatically inhibited both T-2 toxin-induced emesis response and the expression of plasma GLP-1 and GIP. According to these data, we observed that T-2 toxin-induced emetic response corresponds to secretion of GLP-1 and GIP via calcium transduction.
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31
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Zhu C, Li H, Kong X, Wang Y, Sun T, Wang F. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist on Cocaine Use Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819470. [PMID: 35300299 PMCID: PMC8921771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health challenge with a high relapse rate and lack of effective pharmacotherapies; therefore, there is a substantial need to identify novel medications to treat this epidemic. Since the advent of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors (GLP-1Rs) agonists (GLP-1RAs), their potential has been extensively explored and expanded. In this review, we first summarized the biological effects of GLP-1, GLP-1Rs, and GLP-1RAs. Subsequently, the recent literature examining the behavioral effects and the possible pharmacological mechanisms of GLP-1RAs on CUD was reviewed. Increasing preclinical evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs are promising in regulating dopamine release, dopamine transporter (DAT) surface expression and function, mesolimbic reward system and GABAergic neurons, and maladaptive behaviors in animal models of self-administration and conditioned place preference. In addition, the emerging role of GLP-1RAs in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines was reported. These findings indicate that GLP-1RAs perform essential functions in the modulation of cocaine-seeking and cocaine-taking behaviors likely through multifaceted mechanisms. Although the current preclinical evidence provides convincing evidence to support GLP-1RA as a promising pharmacotherapy for CUD, other questions concerning clinical availability, impact and specific mechanisms remain to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuerui Kong
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Douton JE, Horvath N, Mills-Huffnagle S, Nyland JE, Hajnal A, Grigson PS. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, reduces heroin self-administration and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13117. [PMID: 34802173 PMCID: PMC10825889 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by the uncontrolled use of a substance. Due to its relapsing nature, addiction is difficult to treat, as individuals can relapse following even long periods of abstinence and, it is during this time, that they are most vulnerable to overdose. In America, opioid overdose has been increasing for decades, making finding new treatments to help patients remain abstinent and prevent overdose deaths imperative. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have shown promise in reducing motivated behaviours for drugs of abuse. In this study, we test the effectiveness of the GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide (LIR), in reducing heroin addiction-like behaviour, and the potential side effects associated with the treatment. We show that daily treatment with LIR (0.1 mg/kg sc) increases the latency to take heroin, reduces heroin self-administration, prevents escalation of heroin self-administration and reduces drug-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats. A 1-h pretreatment time, however, was too short to reduce cue-induced seeking in our study. Moreover, we showed that, while LIR (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg sc) supported conditioned taste avoidance of a LIR-paired saccharin cue, it did not elicit intake of the antiemetic kaolin in heroin-naïve or heroin-experienced rats. Further, 0.1 mg/kg LIR did not produce great disruptions in food intake or body weight. Overall, the data show that LIR is effective in reducing heroin taking and heroin seeking at doses that do not cause malaise and have a modest effect on food intake and body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin E Douton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nelli Horvath
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara Mills-Huffnagle
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer E Nyland
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andras Hajnal
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia S Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Møllerhøj MB, Veidal SS, Thrane KT, Oró D, Overgaard A, Salinas CG, Madsen MR, Pfisterer L, Vyberg M, Simon E, Broermann A, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Feigh M, Hansen HH. Hepatoprotective effects of semaglutide, lanifibranor and dietary intervention in the GAN diet‐induced obese and biopsy‐confirmed mouse model of NASH. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1167-1186. [PMID: 35143711 PMCID: PMC9099137 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has emerged as a major challenge for public health because of high global prevalence and lack of evidence‐based therapies. Most animal models of NASH lack sufficient validation regarding disease progression and pharmacological treatment. The Gubra‐Amylin NASH (GAN) diet‐induced obese (DIO) mouse demonstrate clinical translatability with respect to disease etiology and hallmarks of NASH. This study aimed to evaluate disease progression and responsiveness to clinically effective interventions in GAN DIO‐NASH mice. Disease phenotyping was performed in male C57BL/6J mice fed the GAN diet high in fat, fructose, and cholesterol for 28–88 weeks. GAN DIO‐NASH mice with biopsy‐confirmed NASH and fibrosis received low‐caloric dietary intervention, semaglutide (30 nmol/kg/day, s.c.) or lanifibranor (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Within‐subject change in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Activity Score (NAS) and fibrosis stage was evaluated using automated deep learning‐based image analysis. GAN DIO‐NASH mice showed clear and reproducible progression in NASH, fibrosis stage, and tumor burden with high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Consistent with clinical trial outcomes, semaglutide and lanifibranor improved NAS, whereas only lanifibranor induced regression in the fibrosis stage. Dietary intervention also demonstrated substantial benefits on metabolic outcomes and liver histology. Differential therapeutic efficacy of semaglutide, lanifibranor, and dietary intervention was supported by quantitative histology, RNA sequencing, and blood/liver biochemistry. In conclusion, the GAN DIO‐NASH mouse model recapitulates various histological stages of NASH and faithfully reproduces histological efficacy profiles of compounds in advanced clinical development for NASH. Collectively, these features highlight the utility of GAN DIO‐NASH mice in preclinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise Oró
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK‐2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Larissa Pfisterer
- Boehringer‐Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss Germany
| | - Mogens Vyberg
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer‐Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss Germany
| | - Andre Broermann
- Boehringer‐Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss Germany
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK‐2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | - Jacob Jelsing
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK‐2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | - Michael Feigh
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK‐2970 Hørsholm Denmark
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Tufvesson-Alm M, Shevchouk OT, Jerlhag E. Insight into the role of the gut-brain axis in alcohol-related responses: Emphasis on GLP-1, amylin, and ghrelin. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1092828. [PMID: 36699502 PMCID: PMC9868418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) contributes substantially to global morbidity and mortality. Given the heterogenicity of this brain disease, available pharmacological treatments only display efficacy in sub-set of individuals. The need for additional treatment options is thus substantial and is the goal of preclinical studies unraveling neurobiological mechanisms underlying AUD. Although these neurobiological processes are complex and numerous, one system gaining recent attention is the gut-brain axis. Peptides of the gut-brain axis include anorexigenic peptide like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and amylin as well as the orexigenic peptide ghrelin. In animal models, agonists of the GLP-1 or amylin receptor and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) antagonists reduce alcohol drinking, relapse drinking, and alcohol-seeking. Moreover, these three gut-brain peptides modulate alcohol-related responses (behavioral and neurochemical) in rodents, suggesting that the alcohol reduction may involve a suppression of alcohol's rewarding properties. Brain areas participating in the ability of these gut-brain peptides to reduce alcohol-mediated behaviors/neurochemistry involve those important for reward. Human studies support these preclinical studies as polymorphisms of the genes encoding for GLP-1 receptor or the ghrelin pathway are associated with AUD. Moreover, a GLP-1 receptor agonist decreases alcohol drinking in overweight patients with AUD and an inverse GHSR agonist reduces alcohol craving. Although preclinical and clinical studies reveal an interaction between the gut-brain axis and AUD, additional studies should explore this in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Tufvesson-Alm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olesya T Shevchouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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35
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Wharton S, Calanna S, Davies M, Dicker D, Goldman B, Lingvay I, Mosenzon O, Rubino DM, Thomsen M, Wadden TA, Pedersen SD. Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:94-105. [PMID: 34514682 PMCID: PMC9293236 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) with once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity and their contribution to weight loss (WL). MATERIALS AND METHODS AE analyses pooled data from the Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People With Obesity (STEP) 1-3 trials for participants randomized to 68 weeks of semaglutide 2.4 mg (n = 2117) or placebo (n = 1262). WL was analysed by presence/absence of GI AEs. Mediation analysis estimated WL effects mediated by and unrelated to GI AEs. GI tolerability with semaglutide 2.4 mg maintenance and cessation after dose escalation was evaluated using STEP 4 data among 803 participants tolerating 20 weeks of semaglutide run-in. RESULTS GI AEs were more common with semaglutide 2.4 mg than placebo, with most frequently nausea (43.9% vs. 16.1% of participants), diarrhoea (29.7% vs. 15.9%), vomiting (24.5% vs. 6.3%) and constipation (24.2% vs. 11.1%). Most GI AEs with semaglutide were non-serious (99.5% of AEs), mild-to-moderate (98.1%), transient and occurred most frequently during/shortly after dose escalation. Few semaglutide-treated participants (4.3%) permanently discontinued treatment for GI AEs. In STEP 1-3, mean WL with semaglutide 2.4 mg was similar in participants without (9.6%-17.1%) versus with GI AEs (11.4%-17.7%). Consistent with this observation, mediation analysis found that GI AEs contributed little to semaglutide-induced WL: of the additional 7.6%-14.4% WL with semaglutide versus placebo, <1 percentage point was mediated by GI AEs. In STEP 4, semaglutide 2.4 mg maintenance was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS GI AEs were more common with semaglutide 2.4 mg than placebo, but typically mild-to-moderate and transient. Semaglutide-induced WL was largely independent of GI AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Wharton
- York University, McMaster University and Wharton Weight Management ClinicTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Melanie Davies
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research CentreLeicesterUK
| | - Dror Dicker
- Internal Medicine Department & Obesity Clinic, Hasharon Hospital‐Rabin Medical Center, Petach‐Tikva, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Ildiko Lingvay
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Population and Data SciencesUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Ofri Mosenzon
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center; Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Domenica M. Rubino
- Washington Center for Weight Management and ResearchArlingtonVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sue D. Pedersen
- C‐ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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36
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Borner T, Geisler CE, Fortin SM, Cosgrove R, Alsina-Fernandez J, Dogra M, Doebley S, Sanchez-Navarro MJ, Leon RM, Gaisinsky J, White A, Bamezai A, Ghidewon MY, Grill HJ, Crist RC, Reiner BC, Ai M, Samms RJ, De Jonghe BC, Hayes MR. GIP Receptor Agonism Attenuates GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Nausea and Emesis in Preclinical Models. Diabetes 2021; 70:2545-2553. [PMID: 34380697 PMCID: PMC8564411 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists decrease body weight and improve glycemic control in obesity and diabetes. Patient compliance and maximal efficacy of GLP-1 therapeutics are limited by adverse side effects, including nausea and emesis. In three different species (i.e., mice, rats, and musk shrews), we show that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) signaling blocks emesis and attenuates illness behaviors elicited by GLP-1R activation, while maintaining reduced food intake, body weight loss, and improved glucose tolerance. The area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius (AP/NTS) of the hindbrain are required for food intake and body weight suppression by GLP-1R ligands and processing of emetic stimuli. Using single-nuclei RNA sequencing, we identified the cellular phenotypes of AP/NTS cells expressing GIPR and GLP-1R on distinct populations of inhibitory and excitatory neurons, with the greatest expression of GIPR in γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons. This work suggests that combinatorial pharmaceutical targeting of GLP-1R and GIPR will increase efficacy in treating obesity and diabetes by reducing nausea and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Borner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Samantha M Fortin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard Cosgrove
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Mridula Dogra
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah Doebley
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Rosa M Leon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jane Gaisinsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Arianna White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ankur Bamezai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Harvey J Grill
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin C Reiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Minrong Ai
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ricardo J Samms
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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A novel approach to treating opioid use disorders: Dual agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors and neuropeptide Y 2 receptors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1169-1179. [PMID: 34715149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The widespread misuse of opioids and opioid use disorder (OUD) together constitute a major public health crisis in the United States. The greatest challenge for successfully treating OUD is preventing relapse. Unfortunately, there are few FDA-approved medications to treat OUD and, while effective, these pharmacotherapies are limited by high relapse rates. Thus, there is a critical need for conceptually new approaches to developing novel medications to treat OUD. Here, we review an emerging preclinical literature that suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists could be re-purposed for treating OUD. Potential limitations of this approach are also discussed along with an alternative strategy that involves simultaneously targeting and activating GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs) in the brain using a novel monomeric dual agonist peptide. Recent studies indicate that this combinatorial pharmacotherapy approach attenuates voluntary fentanyl taking and seeking in rats without producing adverse effects associated with GLP-1R agonist monotherapy alone. While future studies are required to comprehensively determine the behavioral effects of GLP-1R agonists and dual agonists of GLP-1Rs and Y2Rs in rodent models of OUD, these provocative preclinical findings highlight a potential new GLP-1R-based approach to preventing relapse in humans with OUD.
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Quast DR, Nauck MA, Schenker N, Menge BA, Kapitza C, Meier JJ. Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:2344-2353. [PMID: 34189834 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To clarify the distinct effects of a long-acting (liraglutide) and a short-acting (lixisenatide) glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) on macronutrient intake, gastrointestinal side effects and pancreas function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks. Appetite, satiety, macronutrient intake, gastrointestinal symptoms and variables related to pancreatic function and gastric emptying were assessed at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS Both GLP-1 RAs reduced macronutrient intake similarly. Weight loss and appetite reduction were not related to the delay in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects (P > .05). Lipase increased significantly with liraglutide treatment (by 18.3 ± 4.1 U/L; P = .0001), but not with lixisenatide (-1.8 ± 2.4 U/L; P = .46). Faecal elastase and serum ß-carotin levels (indicators for exocrine pancreas function) improved in both groups (P < .05). Changes in lipase activities did not correlate with gastrointestinal symptoms (P > .05 for each variable). CONCLUSIONS Both GLP-1 RAs comparably affected body weight, energy and macronutrient intake. Both treatments were associated with indicators of improved exocrine pancreas function. Reductions in appetite and body weight as a result of treatment with short- or long-acting GLP-1 RAs are not driven by changes in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Quast
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael A Nauck
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Schenker
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn A Menge
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Juris J Meier
- Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetes, Augusta Clinic Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Bethea M, Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Sandoval DA. Preproglucagon Products and Their Respective Roles Regulating Insulin Secretion. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6329397. [PMID: 34318874 PMCID: PMC8375443 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically, intracellular function and metabolic adaptation within the α-cell has been understudied, with most of the attention being placed on the insulin-producing β-cells due to their role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there is a growing interest in understanding the function of other endocrine cell types within the islet and their paracrine role in regulating insulin secretion. For example, there is greater appreciation for α-cell products and their contributions to overall glucose homeostasis. Several recent studies have addressed a paracrine role for α-cell-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in regulating glucose homeostasis and responses to metabolic stress. Further, other studies have demonstrated the ability of glucagon to impact insulin secretion by acting through the GLP-1 receptor. These studies challenge the central dogma surrounding α-cell biology describing glucagon's primary role in glucose counterregulation to one where glucagon is critical in regulating both hyper- and hypoglycemic responses. Herein, this review will update the current understanding of the role of glucagon and α-cell-derived GLP-1, placing emphasis on their roles in regulating glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, and β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maigen Bethea
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Darleen A Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Correspondence: Darleen A. Sandoval, PhD, University of Colorado Anschut, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes,12801 E 17th Ave. Research Complex 1 South 7th Floor, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. E-mail:
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40
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Klausen MK, Thomsen M, Wortwein G, Fink-Jensen A. The role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in addictive disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:625-641. [PMID: 34532853 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-, alcohol- and tobacco use disorders are a global burden affecting millions of people. Despite decades of research, treatment options are sparse or missing, and relapse rates are high. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released in the small intestines, promotes blood glucose homeostasis, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite. GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, have received attention as a potential anti-addiction treatment. Studies in rodents and non-human primates have demonstrated a reduction in intake of alcohol and drugs of abuse, and clinical trials have been initiated to investigate whether the preclinical findings can be translated to patients. This review will give an overview of current findings and discuss the possible mechanisms of action. We suggest that effects of GLP-1 in alcohol- and substance use disorder is mediated centrally, at least partly through dopamine signalling, but precise mechanisms are still to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Kruse Klausen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitta Wortwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Hayes MR, Borner T, De Jonghe BC. The Role of GIP in the Regulation of GLP-1 Satiety and Nausea. Diabetes 2021; 70:1956-1961. [PMID: 34176783 PMCID: PMC8576421 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is best known for its role as an incretin hormone in control of blood glucose concentrations. As a classic satiation signal, however, the literature illustrates a mixed picture of GIP involvement with an at best weak anorectic response profile being reported for GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling. Not surprisingly, the pursuit of exploiting the GIP system as a therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity has fallen behind that of the other gastrointestinal-derived incretin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). However, recent discoveries highlighted here support potential therapeutic advantages of combinatorial therapies targeting GIP and GLP-1 systems together, with perhaps the most surprising finding that GIPR agonism may have antiemetic properties. As nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of all existing GLP-1 pharmacotherapies, the ability for GIP agonism to reduce GLP-1-induced illness behaviors but retain (if not enhance) weight loss and glycemic control may offer a new era in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tito Borner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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42
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Samms RJ, Sloop KW, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Adriaenssens AE. GIPR Function in the Central Nervous System: Implications and Novel Perspectives for GIP-Based Therapies in Treating Metabolic Disorders. Diabetes 2021; 70:1938-1944. [PMID: 34176786 PMCID: PMC8576420 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, pharmaceutical engineering of unimolecular agents has revealed the therapeutic potential of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) agonism. From this work, one of the most intriguing findings is that engagement of GIPR enhances the weight loss profile of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based therapeutics. Consequently, this pharmacological approach, in combination with novel Gipr mouse models, has provided evidence indicating that activation of GIPR in certain areas of the brain that regulate energy balance is required for the synergistic weight loss of dual GIPR and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism. This has led to significant interest in understanding how GIPR activity in the brain functions to reduce caloric intake, induce negative energy balance, and drive weight loss. Herein, we review key findings in this field and provide a novel perspective explaining how GIP may act in the brain to affect energy balance both alone and in concert with GLP-1R agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Samms
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kyle W Sloop
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Alice E Adriaenssens
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K.
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43
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Bandyopadhyay I, Dave S, Rai A, Nampoothiri M, Chamallamudi MR, Kumar N. Oral semaglutide in the management of type 2 DM: Clinical status and comparative analysis. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:311-327. [PMID: 34468297 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210901125420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the incretin system, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that inhibits the release of glucagon and regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. In type 2 diabetes, correcting the impaired incretin system using GLP-1 agonist is a well-defined therapeutic strategy. OBJECTIVES This review article aims to discuss the mechanism of action, key regulatory events, clinical trials for glycaemic control and comparative analysis of semaglutide with the second-line antidiabetic drugs. DESCRIPTION Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP 1) receptor agonist with enhanced glycaemic control in diabetes patients. In 2019, USFDA approved the first oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide to be administered as a once-daily tablet. Further, recent studies highlight the ability of semaglutide to improve the glycaemic control in obese patients with a reduction in body weight. Still, in clinical practice, in type 2 DM treatment paradigm the impact of oral semaglutide remains unidentified. This review article discusses the mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, key regulatory events, and clinical trials regarding glycaemic control. CONCLUSION The review highlights the comparative analysis of semaglutide with the existing second-line drugs for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by stressing on its benefits and adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilora Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunny Dave
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Amita Rai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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44
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Borner T, Tinsley IC, Doyle RP, Hayes MR, De Jonghe BC. GLP-1 in diabetes care: Can glycemic control be achieved without nausea and vomiting? Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:542-556. [PMID: 34363224 PMCID: PMC8810668 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduced less than two decades ago, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) rapidly re-shaped the field of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) care by providing glycemic control in tandem with weight loss. However, FDA-approved GLP-1RAs are often accompanied by nausea and emesis, and in some lean T2DM patients, by undesired anorexia. Importantly, the hypophagic and emetic effects of GLP-1RAs are caused by central GLP-1R activation. This review summarizes two different approaches to mitigate the incidence/severity of nausea and emesis related to GLP-1RAs: conjugation with vitamin B12, or related corrin-ring containing compounds ("corrination"), and development of dual-agonists of the GLP-1R with glucose dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Such approaches could lead to the generation of GLP-1RAs with improved therapeutic efficacy thus, decreasing treatment attrition, increasing patient compliance, and extending treatment to a broader population of T2DM patients. The data reviewed show that it is possible to pharmacologically separate emetic effects of GLP-1RAs from glucoregulatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ian C Tinsley
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States.,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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45
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Milano W, De Biasio V, Di Munzio W, Foggia G, Capasso A. Obesity: The New Global Epidemic Pharmacological Treatment, Opportunities and Limits for Personalized Therapy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1232-1243. [PMID: 32410565 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200515112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in global obesity rates over the past three decades has been remarkable, a true epidemic, both in developed and in developing countries. The projections, based on current trends, suggest an increase in the prevalence of obesity at 60% in adult men, 40% in adult women and 25% in children in 2050. Given the limitations of lifestyle and surgery interventions bariatric, drug therapy approaches for the treatment of obesity, therefore become important options. AIM The purpose of this review is a review of the literature, based on research on MEDLINE until 2019, on the possible pharmacological options in the treatment of obesity. RESULTS Currently, the FDA has approved several molecules for the treatment of obesity, both in monotherapy and in combination. Pharmacological monotherapies focus mainly on a single protein target and include orlistat, lorcaserin and liraglutide while the combination molecules propose a multitarget approach and include phentermine/topiramate and naltrexone/bupropion. All the approved drugs showed, in the different studies, a weight reduction of at least 5%, compared to placebo, in 52 weeks of observation. Phentermine-topiramate and liraglutide have been associated with the highest probability of at least 5% weight loss. Liraglutide and naltrexone-bupropion had the lowest rates of therapy discontinuation due to adverse events. CONCLUSION The drugs, associated with the standard diet and/or exercise protocols, represent a good therapeutic opportunity to allow not only weight loss but also to reduce the risk of developing diseases caused by obesity, particularly cardiovascular diseases, and to maintain the set objectives over time. However, future research on the pharmacological treatment of obesity should encourage greater personalization of therapy, given the differences in safety, efficacy and response to therapy, in the different subpopulations of patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Milano
- Simple Departmental Operative Unit (U.O.S.D.), Eating Disorder Unit, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria De Biasio
- Simple Departmental Operative Unit (U.O.S.D.), Eating Disorder Unit, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Napoli, Italy
| | - Walter Di Munzio
- Simple Departmental Operative Unit (U.O.S.D.), Eating Disorder Unit, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Foggia
- Simple Departmental Operative Unit (U.O.S.D.), Eating Disorder Unit, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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46
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Hernandez NS, Weir VR, Ragnini K, Merkel R, Zhang Y, Mace K, Rich MT, Pierce RC, Schmidt HD. GLP-1 receptor signaling in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus attenuates cocaine seeking by activating GABAergic circuits that project to the VTA. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4394-4408. [PMID: 33257815 PMCID: PMC8164646 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An emerging preclinical literature suggests that targeting central glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) may represent a novel approach to treating cocaine use disorder. However, the exact neural circuits and cell types that mediate the suppressive effects of GLP-1R agonists on cocaine-seeking behavior are largely unknown. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) expresses GLP-1Rs and functions as a neuroanatomical hub connecting the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the primary source of central GLP-1, with midbrain and forebrain nuclei known to regulate cocaine-seeking behavior. The goal of this study was to characterize the role of LDTg GLP-1R-expressing neurons and their projections to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, an animal model of relapse. Here, we showed that administration of the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4) directly into the LDTg significantly attenuated cocaine seeking at a dose that did not affect sucrose seeking, ad libitum food intake, or body weight. In addition, our studies revealed that selectively activating NTS-to-LDTg circuits attenuated cocaine seeking via a GLP-1R-dependent mechanism. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that GLP-1Rs are expressed primarily on GABAergic neurons in the LDTg and that the efficacy of Ex-4 to reduce cocaine seeking depends, in part, on activation of LDTg-to-VTA GABAergic projections. Taken together, these studies identify a central mechanism by which Ex-4 attenuates cocaine seeking and highlight GABAergic GLP-1R-expressing circuits in the midbrain as important anti-craving pathways in regulating cocaine craving-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Hernandez
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vanessa R. Weir
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kael Ragnini
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Riley Merkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kyla Mace
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Phildelphia, PA 19104
| | - Matthew T. Rich
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - R. Christopher Pierce
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Heath D. Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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47
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Zhang Y, Rahematpura S, Ragnini KH, Moreno A, Stecyk KS, Kahng MW, Milliken BT, Hayes MR, Doyle RP, Schmidt HD. A novel dual agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors and neuropeptide Y2 receptors attenuates fentanyl taking and seeking in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108599. [PMID: 33965397 PMCID: PMC8217212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There has been a dramatic increase in illicit fentanyl use in the United States over the last decade. In 2018, more than 31,000 overdose deaths involved fentanyl or fentanyl analogs, highlighting an urgent need to identify effective treatments for fentanyl use disorder. An emerging literature shows that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists attenuate the reinforcing efficacy of drugs of abuse. However, the effects of GLP-1R agonists on fentanyl-mediated behaviors are unknown. The first goal of this study was to determine if the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 reduced fentanyl self-administration and the reinstatement of fentanyl-seeking behavior, an animal model of relapse, in rats. We found that systemic exendin-4 attenuated fentanyl taking and seeking at doses that also produced malaise-like effects in rats. To overcome these adverse effects and enhance the clinical potential of GLP-1R agonists, we recently developed a novel dual agonist of GLP-1Rs and neuropeptide Y2 receptors (Y2Rs), GEP44, that does not produce nausea-like behavior in drug-naïve rats or emesis in drug-naïve shrews. The second goal of this study was to determine if GEP44 reduced fentanyl self-administration and reinstatement with fewer adverse effects compared to exendin-4 alone. In contrast to exendin-4, GEP44 attenuated opioid taking and seeking at a dose that did not suppress food intake or produce adverse malaise-like effects in fentanyl-experienced rats. Taken together, these findings indicate a novel role for GLP-1Rs and Y2Rs in fentanyl reinforcement and highlight a potential new therapeutic approach to treating opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Suditi Rahematpura
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kael H Ragnini
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Moreno
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kamryn S Stecyk
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michelle W Kahng
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medicinal University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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48
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Borner T, Workinger JL, Tinsley IC, Fortin SM, Stein LM, Chepurny OG, Holz GG, Wierzba AJ, Gryko D, Nexø E, Shaulson ED, Bamezai A, Da Silva VAR, De Jonghe BC, Hayes MR, Doyle RP. Corrination of a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Glycemic Control without Emesis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107768. [PMID: 32553160 PMCID: PMC7376604 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus often produce nausea, vomiting, and in some patients, undesired anorexia. Notably, these behavioral effects are caused by direct central GLP-1R activation. Herein, we describe the creation of a GLP-1R agonist conjugate with modified brain penetrance that enhances GLP-1R-mediated glycemic control without inducing vomiting. Covalent attachment of the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (Ex4) to dicyanocobinamide (Cbi), a corrin ring containing precursor of vitamin B12, produces a "corrinated" Ex4 construct (Cbi-Ex4). Data collected in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus), an emetic mammal, reveal beneficial effects of Cbi-Ex4 relative to Ex4, as evidenced by improvements in glycemic responses in glucose tolerance tests and a profound reduction of emetic events. Our findings highlight the potential for clinical use of Cbi-Ex4 for millions of patients seeking improved glycemic control without common side effects (e.g., emesis) characteristic of current GLP-1 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ian C Tinsley
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Samantha M Fortin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ebba Nexø
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Evan D Shaulson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ankur Bamezai
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valentina A Rodriguez Da Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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49
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GDF15 Induces an Aversive Visceral Malaise State that Drives Anorexia and Weight Loss. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107543. [PMID: 32320650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anorectic and weight-suppressive effects of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) are attracting considerable attention for treating obesity. Current experiments in rats investigate whether GDF15 induces an aversive visceral malaise-based state that mediates its acute anorectic effect and, through aversion conditioning, exerts longer-term anorexia. Visceral malaise, conditioned affective food responses (taste reactivity), gastric emptying (GE), food intake, and body weight are evaluated after acute and chronic systemic dosing of GDF15 or long-acting Fc-GDF15. Pica, a marker of visceral malaise, is present at all anorectic GDF15 doses. Moreover, malaise induced by GDF15 does not decline over time, suggesting the lack of an improved tolerance after prolonged exposure. One association between GDF15 and novel food conditions a disgust/aversive response that persists beyond GDF15 acute action. Delayed GE is not a requirement for GDF15-induced anorexia. Clinical studies are required to evaluate whether GDF15's aversive-state-based anorexia will be contraindicated as an obesity treatment.
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50
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Williams DL. The diverse effects of brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors on ingestive behaviour. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:571-583. [PMID: 33990944 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is well known as a gut hormone and also acts as a neuropeptide, produced in a discrete population of caudal brainstem neurons that project widely throughout the brain. GLP-1 receptors are expressed in many brain areas of relevance to energy balance, and stimulation of these receptors at many of these sites potently suppresses food intake. This review surveys the current evidence for effects mediated by GLP-1 receptors on feeding behaviour at a wide array of brain sites and discusses behavioural and neurophysiological mechanisms for the effects identified thus far. Taken together, it is clear that GLP-1 receptor activity in the brain can influence feeding by diverse means, including mediation of gastrointestinal satiation and/or satiety signalling, suppression of motivation for food reward, induction of nausea and mediation of restraint stress-induced hypophagia, but many questions about the organization of this system remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Williams
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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