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Murofushi T, Goto F, Ushio M. Habituation disorders in auditory middle latency response of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness patients. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1366420. [PMID: 38510380 PMCID: PMC10951051 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1366420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To study habituation disorders in auditory middle latency response (AMLR) to repetitive stimuli of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) patients. Subjects Twenty-eight PPPD (10 men and 18 women, mean 59.5 years of age, 26-81 years of age) were enrolled. For comparison, data of 13 definite vestibular migraine (VM) patients (3 men, 10 women, mean age 45.5), 13 definite unilateral Meniere's disease (MD) patients (2 men, 11 women, mean age 50.6), and 8 healthy control (HC) subjects (2 men, 6 women, mean age 37.1) in the previous study were utilized. Methods The electrodes were placed on the vertex and the spinal process of the fifth cervical vertebra. Clicks (0.1 msec, 70 dB nHL) were binaurally presented and averaged (800 times). Averaged responses were divided into 4 sets (S1 to S4) according to the temporal order. As peaks, Na, and Pa were identified, and relative Na-Pa amplitudes in S2-S4 to S1 were analyzed. Results The mean relative amplitude of PPPD patients showed lack of habituation (potentiation) as shown in VM patients, although the extent of potentiation was weaker than VM. Comparison of relative S4 amplitudes showed significant differences among the 4 groups (p = 0.0013 one-way ANOVA), Multiple comparison revealed significant differences between PPPD and MD (p = 0.0337 Dunnet's test). Conclusion PPPD patients showed lack of habituation (potentiation) of Na-Pa amplitude in AMLR to repetitive stimuli. Lack of habituation (potentiation) might be associated with sensory processing disorders in PPPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Murofushi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Goto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Munetaka Ushio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan
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Dazzi L, Sanna F, Talani G, Bassareo V, Biggio F, Follesa P, Pisu MG, Porcu P, Puliga R, Quartu M, Serra M, Serra MP, Sanna E, Acquas E. Binge-like administration of alcohol mixed to energy drinks to male adolescent rats severely impacts on mesocortical dopaminergic function in adulthood: A behavioral, neurochemical and electrophysiological study. Neuropharmacology 2024; 243:109786. [PMID: 37952712 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that the practice of consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (ED) (AMED) in a binge drinking pattern is significantly diffusing among the adolescent population. This behavior, aimed at increasing the intake of alcohol, raises serious concerns about its long-term effects. Epidemiological studies suggest that AMED consumption might increase vulnerability to alcohol abuse and have a gating effect on the use of illicit drugs. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in the modulation of the reinforcing effects of alcohol and of impulsive behavior and plays a key role in the development of addiction. In our study, we used a binge-like protocol of administration of alcohol, ED, or AMED in male adolescent rats, to mimic the binge-like intake behavior observed in humans, in order to evaluate whether these treatments could differentially affect the function of mesocortical dopaminergic neurons in adulthood. We did so by measuring: i) physiological sensorimotor gating; ii) voluntary alcohol consumption and dopamine transmission before, during, and after presentation of alcohol; iii) electrophysiological activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons and their sensitivity to a challenge with alcohol. Our results indicate that exposure to alcohol, ED, or AMED during adolescence induces differential adaptive changes in the function of mesocortical dopaminergic neurons and, in particular, that AMED exposure decreases their sensitivity to external stimuli, possibly laying the foundation for the altered behaviors observed in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talani
- Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council (C.N.R.) of Italy, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina Bassareo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Biggio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Follesa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Pisu
- Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council (C.N.R.) of Italy, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Porcu
- Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council (C.N.R.) of Italy, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Puliga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Serra
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council (C.N.R.) of Italy, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Elio Acquas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, SS 554 - bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Heinrichs-Graham E, Walker EA, Lee WH, Benavente AA, McCreery RW. Somatosensory gating is related to behavioral and verbal outcomes in children with mild-to-severe hearing loss. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:5228-5237. [PMID: 36310092 PMCID: PMC10151872 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a process by which the brain filters out redundant information to preserve neural resources for behaviorally relevant stimuli. Although studies have shown alterations in auditory and visual processing in children who are hard-of-hearing (CHH) relative to children with normal hearing (CNH), it is unclear whether these alterations extend to the somatosensory domain, and how aberrations in sensory processing affect sensory gating. In this study, CHH and CNH were presented with a paired-pulse median nerve stimulation during magnetoencephalography. Stimulus-related gamma neural activity was imaged and virtual time series from peak somatosensory responses were extracted. We found significant effects of both stimulus and group, as well as a significant group-by-stimulus interaction. CHH showed a larger response to stimulation overall, as well as greater differences in gamma power from the first to the second stimulus. However, when looking at the ratio rather than the absolute difference in power, CHH showed comparable gating to CNH. In addition, smaller gating ratios were correlated with better classroom behavior and verbal ability in CHH, but not CNH. Taken together, these data underscore the importance of considering how CHH experience their multisensory environment when interpreting outcomes and designing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Cognitive and Sensory Imaging Laboratory, Institute for Human Neuroscience, Department of Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital (BTNRH), 14090 Mother Teresa Ln., Omaha, NE 68010, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Walker
- Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Wai Hon Lee
- Cognitive and Sensory Imaging Laboratory, Institute for Human Neuroscience, Department of Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital (BTNRH), 14090 Mother Teresa Ln., Omaha, NE 68010, United States
| | - Amanda A Benavente
- Cognitive and Sensory Imaging Laboratory, Institute for Human Neuroscience, Department of Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital (BTNRH), 14090 Mother Teresa Ln., Omaha, NE 68010, United States
| | - Ryan W McCreery
- Audibility, Perception, and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Research, BTNRH, 555 N. 30th St., Omaha, NE 68131, United States
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4
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Wang S, Li Z, Wang X, Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Li Y, Wang C, Qin L. Cortical and thalamic modulation of auditory gating in the posterior parietal cortex of awake mice. Cereb Cortex 2023:7032934. [PMID: 36757182 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory gating (AG) is an adaptive mechanism for filtering out redundant acoustic stimuli to protect the brain against information overload. AG deficits have been found in many mental illnesses, including schizophrenia (SZ). However, the neural correlates of AG remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) shows an intermediate level of AG in auditory thalamocortical circuits, with a laminar profile in which the strongest AG is in the granular layer. Furthermore, AG of the PPC was decreased and increased by optogenetic inactivation of the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and auditory cortex (AC), respectively. Optogenetically activating the axons from the MD and AC drove neural activities in the PPC without an obvious AG. These results indicated that AG in the PPC is determined by the integrated signal streams from the MD and AC in a bottom-up manner. We also found that a mouse model of SZ (postnatal administration of noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) presented an AG deficit in the PPC, which may be inherited from the dysfunction of MD. Together, our findings reveal a neural circuit underlying the generation of AG in the PPC and its involvement in the AG deficit of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingna Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital), No.33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110067, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110122, People's Republic of China
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Ten-Blanco M, Pereda-Pérez I, Izquierdo-Luengo C, Berrendero F. CB2 cannabinoid receptor expression is increased in 129S1/SvImJ mice: behavioral consequences. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:975020. [PMID: 36081934 PMCID: PMC9445237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.975020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Inbred mouse strains, including the 129S1/SvImJ (S1), constitute important models to study the influence of genetic factors in these conditions. S1 mice displayed anxiogenic-like behavior, impaired fear extinction, and increased prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle reflex compared to C57BL/6J (BL6) mice. Given the role played by the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in these responses, we evaluated the expression of the ECS components in different brain regions in S1 mice. Gene expression levels of the cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R) and the endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes varied depending on the brain region evaluated. Notably, CB2R expression markedly increased in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in S1 mice. Moreover, CB2R blockade with SR144528 partially rescued the anxiogenic phenotype in S1 mice, while CB2R activation with JWH133 potentiated the deficits in fear extinction and the PPI of startle reflex in this mouse strain. These data suggest that CB2R is involved in the behavioral alterations observed in S1 mice and underline the importance of this cannabinoid receptor subtype in the regulation of certain central nervous system disorders.
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Arif Y, Wiesman AI, Christopher-Hayes NJ, Wilson TW. Aberrant inhibitory processing in the somatosensory cortices of cannabis-users. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:1356-1364. [PMID: 34694190 PMCID: PMC9659470 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a major exogenous psychoactive agent, which acts as a partial agonist on cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. THC is known to inhibit presynaptic neurotransmission and has been repeatedly linked to acute decrements in cognitive function across multiple domains. Previous electrophysiological studies of sensory gating have shown specific deficits in inhibitory processing in cannabis-users, but to date these findings have been limited to the auditory cortices, and the degree to which these aberrations extend to other brain regions remains largely unknown. METHODS We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a paired-pulse somatosensory stimulation paradigm to probe inhibitory processing in 29 cannabis-users (i.e. at least four times per month) and 41 demographically matched non-user controls. MEG responses to each stimulation were imaged in both the oscillatory and time domain, and voxel time-series data were extracted to quantify the dynamics of sensory gating, oscillatory gamma activity, evoked responses, and spontaneous neural activity. RESULTS We observed robust somatosensory responses following both stimulations, which were used to compute sensory gating ratios. Cannabis-users exhibited significantly impaired gating relative to non-users in somatosensory cortices, as well as decreased spontaneous neural activity. In contrast, oscillatory gamma activity did not appear to be affected by cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS We observed impaired gating of redundant somatosensory information and altered spontaneous activity in the same cortical tissue in cannabis-users compared to non-users. These data suggest that cannabis use is associated with a decline in the brain's ability to properly filter repetitive information and impairments in cortical inhibitory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasra Arif
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I. Wiesman
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Somatosensory Gating Responses Are Associated with Prognosis in Patients with Migraine. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020166. [PMID: 33525379 PMCID: PMC7911087 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating, a habituation-related but more basic protective mechanism against brain sensory overload, is altered in patients with migraine and linked to headache severity. This study investigated whether somatosensory (SI) gating responses determined 3-months treatment outcomes in patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). A 306-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) with paired-pulse stimulation paradigm was used to record their neuromagnetic responses. To calculate the peak amplitude and latency and compute the gating ratios (second vs. first amplitude), the first and second responses to the paired stimuli from the primary somatosensory cortex were obtained. All patients were assigned to subgroups labeled good or poor according to their headache frequency at baseline compared with at the third month of treatment. The gating ratio in the CM group (n = 37) was significantly different between those identified as good and poor (p = 0.009). In the EM group (n = 30), the latency in the second response differed by treatment outcomes (p = 0.007). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the areas under the curve for the CM and EM groups were 0.737 and 0.761, respectively. Somatosensory gating responses were associated with treatment outcomes in patients with migraine; future studies with large patient samples are warranted.
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Chen WT, Hsiao FJ, Wang SJ. Brain Excitability in Tension-Type Headache: a Separate Entity from Migraine? Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021; 24:82. [PMID: 33415543 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tension-type headache is often regarded as the "normal" headache due to its high prevalence and mild disability in contrast with migraine. Clinically, both headaches are common comorbidities to each other. To date there has been many studies linked migraine to a brain excitability disorder. This review summarized earlier studies on brain excitability of TTH and discuss if TTH is a separate clinical entity from migraine as suggested by the diagnostic criteria. RECENT FINDINGS A recent magnetoencephalographic study from our group enrolled patients with "strict-criteria" TTH (i.e., absence of any migraine characteristics and associated symptoms) to compare the somatosensory excitability with patients with migraine and controls. This study provided evidence that TTH and migraine differ in excitability profiles and the measurement of preactivation excitability was able to discriminate TTH from migraine. Earlier studies on brain excitability of TTH yielded negative findings or a common change shared with migraine. Future studies using strict diagnostic criteria to avoid the unwanted interference from migraine comorbidity may help decipher the "true" pathophysiology of TTH, which may pave the way to a TTH-specific brain signature and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ta Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2 Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2 Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang J, Yu W, Gao Q, Ju C, Wang K. Prefrontal inhibition of neuronal K v 7 channels enhances prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex and resistance to hypofrontality. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4720-4733. [PMID: 32839968 PMCID: PMC7520443 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in the cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, characterized by deficient neurotransmission known as NMDA receptor hypofrontality. Thus, enhancing prefrontal activity may alleviate hypofrontality‐induced cognitive deficits. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of forebrain‐specific suppression or pharmacological inhibition of native Kv7/KCNQ/M‐current on glutamatergic hypofrontality induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801. Experimental Approach The forebrain‐specific inhibition of native M‐current was generated by transgenic expression, in mice, of a dominant‐negative pore mutant G279S of Kv7.2/KCNQ2 channels that suppresses channel function. A mouse model of cognitive impairment was established by single i.p. injection of 0.1 mg·kg−1 MK‐801. Mouse models of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex and Y‐maze spontaneous alternation test were used for evaluation of cognitive behaviour. Hippocampal brain slice recordings of LTP were used to assess synaptic plasticity. Hippocampus and cortex were dissected for detecting protein expression using western blot analysis. Key Results Genetic suppression of Kv7 channel function in the forebrain or pharmacological inhibition of Kv7 channels by the specific blocker XE991 enhanced PPI and also alleviated MK‐801 induced cognitive decline. XE991 also attenuated MK‐801‐induced LTP deficits and increased basal synaptic transmissions. Western blot analysis revealed that inhibiting Kv7 channels resulted in elevation of pAkt1 and pGSK‐3β expressions in both hippocampus and cortex. Conclusions and Implications Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Kv7 channels alleviated PPI and cognitive deficits. Mechanistically, inhibition of Kv7 channels promotes synaptic transmission and activates Akt1/GSK‐3β signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanxia Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Murofushi T, Goto F, Tsubota M. Vestibular Migraine Patients Show Lack of Habituation in Auditory Middle Latency Responses to Repetitive Stimuli: Comparison With Meniere's Disease Patients. Front Neurol 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 32153487 PMCID: PMC7044244 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare habituation in auditory middle latency response (AMLR) to repetitive stimuli of vestibular migraine (VM) patients with Meniere's disease (MD) patients and healthy controls (HC) and to assess usefulness of AMLR for diagnosis of VM. Subjects: Thirteen unilateral definite MD patients (2 men, 11 women, mean age 50.6), 13 definite VM patients (3 men, 10 women, mean age 45.5), and 8 HC subjects (2 men, 6 women, mean age 37.1) were enrolled. Methods: The electrodes were placed on the vertex and the spinal process of the fifth cervical vertebra. Binaural click stimulation (0.1 ms, 70 dBnHL) was presented. A total of 800 responses were averaged. Averaged responses were divided into four sets (S1 to S4) according to the temporal order. No, Po, Na, and Pa were identified, and amplitudes and latencies were measured. Results: Concerning latencies, HC subjects showed a tendency of shorter latencies. However, there was no clear effect of repetitive stimulation. Concerning No-Po amplitudes, no significant differences were observed. Raw amplitudes of Na-Pa showed statistically significant differences in S1 and S2 among the groups (p < 0.01 one-way ANOVA). Differences were shown in MD vs. VM and HC vs. VM in S1 (smaller in VM) (p < 0.01 Bonferroni's test) and in MD vs. VM in S2 (smaller in VM) (p < 0.01 Bonferroni test). Relative amplitudes of Na-Pa to S1 showed statistically significant differences in S4 (p < 0.01 one-way ANOVA). Differences were shown in MD vs. VM and HC vs. VM (larger in VM) (p < 0.01 Bonferroni's test). Differences of Na-Pa amplitudes in S2 to S4 from Na-Pa amplitude in S1 were significant in S4 of VM patients (Dunnett's test). Conclusions: VM patients showed lack of habituation (potentiation) of Na-Pa amplitude in AMLR to repetitive stimuli while MD patients and HC subjects showed habituation. Observation of lack of habituation has high diagnostic accuracy for differential diagnosis of VM from MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Murofushi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University School of Medicine Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Goto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masahito Tsubota
- Department of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University School of Medicine Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
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Riemer M. Delusions of control in schizophrenia: Resistant to the mind's best trick? Schizophr Res 2018; 197:98-103. [PMID: 29208423 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The existence of a free will is fiercely debated in neuroscience and philosophy. The debate has great impact on society and our self-understanding as human beings. Behavioral and electrophysiological data have challenged the intuitive assumption that human behavior is the result of conscious intentions. This notion has important implications for delusions of control in schizophrenia, where patients experience bodily movements as not being controlled by themselves. Current theories explain control delusions as a deficit to perceive certain aspects of motor control, but many findings are inconsistent with this idea. Here, an alternative view is proposed: Control delusions might be triggered by an even more veridical perception of the temporal order of intentions and actions. This hypothesis is supported by evidence that (a) conscious intentions in healthy subjects are often based on retrospective inferences, (b) temporal recalibrations of conscious percepts occur in healthy subjects and are disturbed in schizophrenia and (c) basic perceptual functions of schizophrenic patients are less influenced by expectations and therefore they can sometimes be closer to physical reality than those of healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Riemer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Aging & Cognition Research Group, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Qi R, Li J, Wu X, Geng X, Chen N, Yu H. Effects of Ketamine on Basal Gamma Band Oscillation and Sensory Gating in Prefrontal Cortex of Awake Rats. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:457-464. [PMID: 29380249 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma band oscillation (GBO) and sensory gating (SG) are associated with many cognitive functions. Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that (1) ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low- and high-dose groups; (2) auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and (3) changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xujun Wu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Nanhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Hualin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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13
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Comparison of somatosensory cortex excitability between migraine and “strict-criteria” tension-type headache: a magnetoencephalographic study. Pain 2018; 159:793-803. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Hsiao FJ, Chen WT, Lin YY. Association between stimulus-evoked somatosensory inhibition and movement-related sensorimotor oscillation: A magnetoencephalographic study. Neurosci Lett 2017; 664:74-78. [PMID: 29128631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the somatosensory and motor cortices is understood; however, their functional relationship remains elusive. To elucidate the association between somatosensory and sensorimotor functions, this study investigated the correlation between somatosensory activities in response to paired-pulse stimulation and sensorimotor oscillations during self-paced finger movement in 18 healthy male subjects by using a magnetoencephalographic recording. The main finding was that stimulus-evoked somatosensory gating activities were significantly correlated with movement-related sensorimotor oscillatory responses. Specifically, the gating ratios of somatosensory N20m were related to the power changes of sensorimotor beta event-related desynchronization (ERD) (p=0.003) and event-related synchronization (ERS) (p=0.05). In conclusion, we confirmed that the inhibition of stimulus-evoked somatosensory responses is associated with the oscillatory characteristics of movement-related sensorimotor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ta Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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D'Addario C, Micale V, Di Bartolomeo M, Stark T, Pucci M, Sulcova A, Palazzo M, Babinska Z, Cremaschi L, Drago F, Carlo Altamura A, Maccarrone M, Dell'Osso B. A preliminary study of endocannabinoid system regulation in psychosis: Distinct alterations of CNR1 promoter DNA methylation in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:132-140. [PMID: 28108228 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in psychosis vulnerability. We here evaluated the transcriptional regulation of ECS components in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from subjects suffering from bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, focusing in particular on the effects of DNA methylation. We observed selective alterations of DNA methylation at the promoter of CNR1, the gene coding for the type-1 cannabinoid receptor, in schizophrenic patients (N=25) with no changes in any other disorder. We confirmed the regulation of CNR1 in a well-validated animal model of schizophrenia, induced by prenatal methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate exposure (N=7 per group) where we found, in the prefrontal cortex, a significant increase in CNR1 expression and a consistent reduction in DNA methylation at specific CpG sites of gene promoter. Overall, our findings suggest a selective dysregulation of ECS in psychosis, and highlight the evaluation of CNR1 DNA methylation levels in PBMCs as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- CEITEC/Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Tibor Stark
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Mariacarlotta Palazzo
- Centro Sant'Ambrogio, Ordine Ospedaliero San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Italy
| | - Zuzana Babinska
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Cremaschi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford University, CA, USA.
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16
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Hsiao FJ, Wang SJ, Lin YY, Fuh JL, Ko YC, Wang PN, Chen WT. Somatosensory gating is altered and associated with migraine chronification: A magnetoencephalographic study. Cephalalgia 2017; 38:744-753. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102417712718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Brain excitability is changed in migraine but not fully characterized yet. This study explored if somatosensory gating is altered in migraine and linked to migraine chronification. Methods Paired electrical stimuli were delivered to the left index fingers of 21 patients with migraine without aura (MO), 22 patients with chronic migraine (CM), and 36 controls. The first and second responses to the paired stimuli were obtained from the contralateral primary (cSI), contralateral secondary (cSII) and ipsilateral secondary (iSII) somatosensory cortices to compute the gating ratios (second vs. first response strengths). Results The first and second cSI responses and gating ratios differed in all groups ( p < 0.05); the responses were typically smaller in the MO and CM groups. The cSI gating ratio increased as a continuum across controls (0.73 ± 0.04, p < 0.001), MO (0.83 ± 0.04) to CM (0.97 ± 0.06) and was higher in CM vs. controls ( p < 0.001). When MO and CM were combined, cSI gating ratio was associated with headache frequency (r = 0.418, p = 0.005). Paired responses and gating ratios of cSII and iSII did not differ among the groups. Conclusions Somatosensory gating is altered in migraine and associated with headache chronification. Further studies must clarify if this abnormal sensory modulation is a true gating deficit independent of low preexcitation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Ko
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ta Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Lupica CR, Hu Y, Devinsky O, Hoffman AF. Cannabinoids as hippocampal network administrators. Neuropharmacology 2017; 124:25-37. [PMID: 28392266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extensive pioneering studies performed in the hippocampus have greatly contributed to our knowledge of an endogenous cannabinoid system comprised of the molecular machinery necessary to process endocannabinoid lipid messengers and their associated cannabinoid receptors. Moreover, a foundation of knowledge regarding the function of hippocampal circuits, and its role in supporting synaptic plasticity has facilitated our understanding of the roles cannabinoids play in the diverse behaviors in which the hippocampus participates, in both normal and pathological states. In this review, we present an historical overview of research pertaining to the hippocampal cannabinoid system to provide context in which to understand the participation of the hippocampus in cognition, behavior, and epilepsy. We also examine potential roles for the hippocampal formation in mediating dysfunctional behavior, and assert that these phenomena reflect disordered physiological activity within the hippocampus and its interactions with other brain regions after exposure to synthetic cannabinoids, and the phytocannabinoids found in marijuana, such as Δ9-THC and cannabidiol. In this regard, we examine contemporary hypotheses concerning the hippocampal endocannabinoid system's participation in psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and examine cannabinoid-sensitive cellular mechanisms contributing to coherent network oscillations as potential contributors to these disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "A New Dawn in Cannabinoid Neurobiology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Lupica
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Electrophysiology Research Section, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yuhan Hu
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Alexander F Hoffman
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Electrophysiology Research Section, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Mismatch Negativity and P50 Sensory Gating in Abstinent Former Cannabis Users. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6526437. [PMID: 27019754 PMCID: PMC4785272 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6526437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged heavy exposure to cannabis is associated with impaired cognition and brain functional and structural alterations. We recently reported attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) and altered P50 sensory gating in chronic cannabis users. This study investigated the extent of brain functional recovery (indexed by MMN and P50) in chronic users after cessation of use. Eighteen ex-users (median 13.5 years prior regular use; median 3.5 years abstinence) and 18 nonusers completed (1) a multifeature oddball task with duration, frequency, and intensity deviants and (2) a P50 paired-click paradigm. Trend level smaller duration MMN amplitude and larger P50 ratios (indicative of poorer sensory gating) were observed in ex-users compared to controls. Poorer P50 gating correlated with prior duration of cannabis use. Duration of abstinence was positively correlated with duration MMN amplitude, even after controlling for age and duration of cannabis use. Impaired sensory gating and attenuated MMN amplitude tended to persist in ex-users after prolonged cessation of use, suggesting a lack of full recovery. An association with prolonged duration of prior cannabis use may indicate persistent cannabis-related alterations to P50 sensory gating. Greater reductions in MMN amplitude with increasing abstinence (positive correlation) may be related to either self-medication or an accelerated aging process.
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19
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Boyce WT. Differential Susceptibility of the Developing Brain to Contextual Adversity and Stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:142-62. [PMID: 26391599 PMCID: PMC4677150 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A swiftly growing volume of literature, comprising both human and animal studies and employing both observational and experimental designs, has documented striking individual differences in neurobiological sensitivities to environmental circumstances within subgroups of study samples. This differential susceptibility to social and physical environments operates bidirectionally, in both adverse and beneficial contexts, and results in a minority subpopulation with remarkably poor or unusually positive trajectories of health and development, contingent upon the character of environmental conditions. Differences in contextual susceptibility appear to emerge in early development, as the interactive and adaptive product of genetic and environmental attributes. This paper surveys what is currently known of the mechanisms or mediators of differential susceptibility, at the levels of temperament and behavior, physiological systems, brain circuitry and neuronal function, and genetic and epigenetic variation. It concludes with the assertion that differential susceptibility is inherently grounded within processes of biological moderation, the complexities of which are at present only partially understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Thomas Boyce
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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20
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Impey D, El-Marj N, Parks A, Choueiry J, Fisher D, Knott VJ. Mismatch negativity in tobacco-naïve cannabis users and its alteration with acute nicotine administration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 136:73-81. [PMID: 26188167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cannabis use may interact with factors, such as age of onset of cannabis use, family history, and genetic factors, to elicit schizophrenia (SZ)-like symptoms, including sensory and cognitive deficits. However, evidence of a relationship between cannabis use and cognitive impairment is confounded by concomitant use of tobacco. The objective of this study was to compare tobacco-naïve cannabis users with individuals without a history of tobacco/cannabis use on the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP), a neural measure of auditory deviance detection which is diminished in SZ. An exploratory arm of the study, conducted within a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled design, examined the acute effects of nicotine gum (6mg) on MMN in cannabis users. MMN was recorded in response to 5 deviant stimuli within an optimal MMN paradigm in 44 healthy, non-tobacco smoking volunteers aged 18-26. Cannabis users (n=21) started smoking cannabis prior to age 17, at least 1 joint per month. To examine the effects of chronicity, users were grouped into relatively heavy long-term (HLT; n=11) users and light short-term (LST; n=10) users. Impaired deviance detection was shown in cannabis users vs. nonusers as reflected by a smaller MMN to duration deviants. Chronicity of use was also associated with MMN alterations, as HLTs displayed a reduced duration and gap MMN vs. LSTs. Compared with placebo, nicotine treatment enhanced select MMN deviants in cannabis user subgroups. As deficits associated with early and persistent cannabis use are similar to those seen in SZ, these dose-dependant disturbances in early sensory processing with cannabis use may be one cognitive pathway which mediates an increased risk for SZ in vulnerable youth, and be influenced by concurrent cigarette smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Impey
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Nicole El-Marj
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Parks
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Verner J Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Qi R, Li M, Ma Y, Chen N. State-dependent changes in auditory sensory gating in different cortical areas in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126684. [PMID: 25928147 PMCID: PMC4415925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a process in which the brain’s response to a repetitive stimulus is attenuated; it is thought to contribute to information processing by enabling organisms to filter extraneous sensory inputs from the environment. To date, sensory gating has typically been used to determine whether brain function is impaired, such as in individuals with schizophrenia or addiction. In healthy subjects, sensory gating is sensitive to a subject’s behavioral state, such as acute stress and attention. The cortical response to sensory stimulation significantly decreases during sleep; however, information processing continues throughout sleep, and an auditory evoked potential (AEP) can be elicited by sound. It is not known whether sensory gating changes during sleep. Sleep is a non-uniform process in the whole brain with regional differences in neural activities. Thus, another question arises concerning whether sensory gating changes are uniform in different brain areas from waking to sleep. To address these questions, we used the sound stimuli of a Conditioning-testing paradigm to examine sensory gating during waking, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and Non-REM (NREM) sleep in different cortical areas in rats. We demonstrated the following: 1. Auditory sensory gating was affected by vigilant states in the frontal and parietal areas but not in the occipital areas. 2. Auditory sensory gating decreased in NREM sleep but not REM sleep from waking in the frontal and parietal areas. 3. The decreased sensory gating in the frontal and parietal areas during NREM sleep was the result of a significant increase in the test sound amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Minghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yuanye Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (NC); (YM)
| | - Nanhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (NC); (YM)
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22
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Inhibition of endocannabinoid neuronal uptake and hydrolysis as strategies for developing anxiolytic drugs. Behav Pharmacol 2014; 25:425-33. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Levin R, Peres FF, Almeida V, Calzavara MB, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JAS, Abílio VC. Effects of cannabinoid drugs on the deficit of prepulse inhibition of startle in an animal model of schizophrenia: the SHR strain. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:10. [PMID: 24567721 PMCID: PMC3915876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and neurobiological findings suggest that the cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system may be implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. We described that the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) strain presents a schizophrenia behavioral phenotype that is specifically attenuated by antipsychotic drugs, and potentiated by proschizophrenia manipulations. Based on these findings, we have suggested this strain as an animal model of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the deficit of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle, the main paradigm used to study sensorimotor gating impairment related to schizophrenia, presented by the SHR strain. The following drugs were used: (1) WIN55212,2 (cannabinoid agonist), (2) rimonabant (CB1 antagonist), (3) AM404 (anandamide uptake inhibitor), and (4) cannabidiol (CBD; indirect CB1/CB2 receptor antagonist, among other effects). Wistar rats (WRs) and SHRs were treated with vehicle (VEH) or different doses of WIN55212 (0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg), rimonabant (0.75, 1.5, or 3 mg/kg), AM404 (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg), or CBD (15, 30, or 60 mg/kg). VEH-treated SHRs showed a decreased PPI when compared to WRs. This PPI deficit was reversed by 1 mg/kg WIN and 30 mg/kg CBD. Conversely, 0.75 mg/kg rimonabant decreased PPI in SHR strain, whereas AM404 did not modify it. Our results reinforce the role of the endocannabinoid system in the sensorimotor gating impairment related to schizophrenia, and point to cannabinoid drugs as potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociãncias Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F. Peres
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociãncias Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociãncias Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana B. Calzavara
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociãncias Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W. Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E. C. Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S. Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C. Abílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociãncias Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Broyd SJ, Greenwood LM, Croft RJ, Dalecki A, Todd J, Michie PT, Johnstone SJ, Solowij N. Chronic effects of cannabis on sensory gating. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 89:381-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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