1
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Neuhäusel TS, Gerevich Z. Sex-specific effects of subchronic NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 treatment on hippocampal gamma oscillations. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1425323. [PMID: 39170673 PMCID: PMC11335629 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1425323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists are widely used to pharmacologically model schizophrenia and have been recently established in the treatment of treatment-resistant major depression demonstrating that the pharmacology of this substance class is complex. Cortical gamma oscillations, a rhythmic neuronal activity associated with cognitive processes, are increased in schizophrenia and deteriorated in depressive disorders and are increasingly used as biomarker in these neuropsychiatric diseases. The opposite use of NMDA receptor antagonists in schizophrenia and depression raises the question how their effects are in accordance with the observed disease pathophysiology and if these effects show a consequent sex-specificity. In this study in rats, we investigated the effects of subchronic (14 days) intraperitoneal injections of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 at a subanesthetic daily dose of 0.2 mg/kg on the behavioral phenotype of adult female and male rats and on pharmacologically induced gamma oscillations measured ex vivo from the hippocampus. We found that MK-801 treatment leads to impaired recognition memory in the novel object recognition test, increased stereotypic behavior and reduced grooming, predominantly in female rats. MK-801 also increased the peak power of hippocampal gamma oscillations induced by kainate or acetylcholine only in female rats, without affecting the peak frequency of the oscillations. The findings indicate that blockade of NMDA receptors enhances gamma oscillations predominantly in female rats and this effect is associated with behavioral changes in females. The results are in accordance with clinical electrophysiological findings and highlight the importance of hippocampal gamma oscillations as a biomarker in schizophrenia and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltan Gerevich
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Hayes SH, Patel SV, Arora P, Zhao L, Schormans AL, Whitehead SN, Allman BL. Neurophysiological, structural, and molecular alterations in the prefrontal and auditory cortices following noise-induced hearing loss. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106619. [PMID: 39079581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that hearing loss can lead to widespread plasticity within the central auditory pathway, which is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of audiological conditions such as tinnitus and hyperacusis. Emerging evidence suggests that hearing loss can also result in plasticity within brain regions involved in higher-level cognitive functioning like the prefrontal cortex; findings which may underlie the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment documented in epidemiological studies. Using the 40-Hz auditory steady state response to assess sound-evoked gamma oscillations, we previously showed that noise-induced hearing loss results in impaired gamma phase coherence within the prefrontal but not the auditory cortex. To determine whether region-specific structural or molecular changes accompany this differential plasticity following hearing loss, in the present study we utilized Golgi-Cox staining to assess dendritic organization and synaptic density, as well as Western blotting to measure changes in synaptic signaling proteins in these cortical regions. We show that following noise exposure, impaired gamma phase coherence within the prefrontal cortex is accompanied by alterations in pyramidal cell dendritic morphology and decreased expression of proteins involved in GABAergic (GAD65) and glutamatergic (NR2B) neurotransmission; findings that were not observed in the auditory cortex, where gamma phase coherence remained unchanged post-noise exposure. In contrast to the noise-induced effects we observed in the prefrontal cortex, plasticity in the auditory cortex was characterized by an increase in NR2B suggesting increased excitability, as well as increases in the synaptic proteins PSD95 and synaptophysin within the auditory cortex. Overall, our results highlight the disparate effect of noise-induced hearing loss on auditory and higher-level brain regions as well as potential structural and molecular mechanisms by which hearing loss may contribute to impaired cognitive and sensory functions mediated by the prefrontal and auditory cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Hayes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 629, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Salonee V Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Parinita Arora
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ashley L Schormans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Brian L Allman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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3
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Black T, Jenkins BW, Laprairie RB, Howland JG. Therapeutic potential of gamma entrainment using sensory stimulation for cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105681. [PMID: 38641090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with significant morbidity. Treatment options that address the spectrum of symptoms are limited, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory Stimulation (GENUS) is an emerging treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders that uses sensory stimulation to entrain impaired oscillatory network activity and restore brain function. Aberrant oscillatory activity often underlies the symptoms experienced by patients with schizophrenia. We propose that GENUS has therapeutic potential for schizophrenia. This paper reviews the current status of schizophrenia treatment and explores the use of sensory stimulation as an adjunctive treatment, specifically through gamma entrainment. Impaired gamma frequency entrainment is observed in patients, particularly in response to auditory and visual stimuli. Thus, sensory stimulation, such as music listening, may have therapeutic potential for individuals with schizophrenia. GENUS holds novel therapeutic potential to improve the lives of individuals with schizophrenia, but further research is required to determine the efficacy of GENUS, optimize its delivery and therapeutic window, and develop strategies for its implementation in specific patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallan Black
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Bryan W Jenkins
- Division of Behavioral Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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4
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de la Salle S, Choueiry J, Payumo M, Devlin M, Noel C, Abozmal A, Hyde M, Baysarowich R, Duncan B, Knott V. Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Alters Auditory Steady-State Oscillatory Rhythms and Their Cross-Frequency Couplings. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024; 55:329-339. [PMID: 37306065 PMCID: PMC11020127 DOI: 10.1177/15500594231179679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Auditory cortical plasticity deficits in schizophrenia are evidenced with electroencephalographic (EEG)-derived biomarkers, including the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Aiming to understand the underlying oscillatory mechanisms contributing to the 40-Hz ASSR, we examined its response to transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied bilaterally to the temporal lobe of 23 healthy participants. Although not responding to gamma tACS, the 40-Hz ASSR was modulated by theta tACS (vs sham tACS), with reductions in gamma power and phase locking being accompanied by increases in theta-gamma phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling. Results reveal that oscillatory changes induced by frequency-tuned tACS may be one approach for targeting and modulating auditory plasticity in normal and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara de la Salle
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joëlle Choueiry
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Payumo
- School of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matt Devlin
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chelsea Noel
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Abozmal
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Hyde
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Renée Baysarowich
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brittany Duncan
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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5
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Gautam D, Raza MU, Miyakoshi M, Molina JL, Joshi YB, Clayson PE, Light GA, Swerdlow NR, Sivarao DV. Click-train evoked steady state harmonic response as a novel pharmacodynamic biomarker of cortical oscillatory synchrony. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109707. [PMID: 37673332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensory networks naturally entrain to rhythmic stimuli like a click train delivered at a particular frequency. Such synchronization is integral to information processing, can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and is an accessible index of neural network function. Click trains evoke neural entrainment not only at the driving frequency (F), referred to as the auditory steady state response (ASSR), but also at its higher multiples called the steady state harmonic response (SSHR). Since harmonics play an important and non-redundant role in acoustic information processing, we hypothesized that SSHR may differ from ASSR in presentation and pharmacological sensitivity. In female SD rats, a 2 s-long train stimulus was used to evoke ASSR at 20 Hz and its SSHR at 40, 60 and 80 Hz, recorded from a prefrontal epidural electrode. Narrow band evoked responses were evident at all frequencies; signal power was strongest at 20 Hz while phase synchrony was strongest at 80 Hz. SSHR at 40 Hz took the longest time (∼180 ms from stimulus onset) to establish synchrony. The NMDA antagonist MK801 (0.025-0.1 mg/kg) did not consistently affect 20 Hz ASSR phase synchrony but robustly and dose-dependently attenuated synchrony of all SSHR. Evoked power was attenuated by MK801 at 20 Hz ASSR and 40 Hz SSHR only. Thus, presentation as well as pharmacological sensitivity distinguished SSHR from ASSR, making them non-redundant markers of cortical network function. SSHR is a novel and promising translational biomarker of cortical oscillatory dynamics that may have important applications in CNS drug development and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - M Miyakoshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J L Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y B Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P E Clayson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA.
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6
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Al-youzbaki MU, Schormans AL, Allman BL. Past and present experience shifts audiovisual temporal perception in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1287587. [PMID: 37908200 PMCID: PMC10613659 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1287587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our brains have a propensity to integrate closely-timed auditory and visual stimuli into a unified percept; a phenomenon that is highly malleable based on prior sensory experiences, and is known to be altered in clinical populations. While the neural correlates of audiovisual temporal perception have been investigated using neuroimaging and electroencephalography techniques in humans, animal research will be required to uncover the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Prior to conducting such mechanistic studies, it is important to first confirm the translational potential of any prospective animal model. Thus, in the present study, we conducted a series of experiments to determine if rats show the hallmarks of audiovisual temporal perception observed in neurotypical humans, and whether the rat behavioral paradigms could reveal when they experienced perceptual disruptions akin to those observed in neurodevelopmental disorders. After training rats to perform a temporal order judgment (TOJ) or synchrony judgment (SJ) task, we found that the rats' perception was malleable based on their past and present sensory experiences. More specifically, passive exposure to asynchronous audiovisual stimulation in the minutes prior to behavioral testing caused the rats' perception to predictably shift in the direction of the leading stimulus; findings which represent the first time that this form of audiovisual perceptual malleability has been reported in non-human subjects. Furthermore, rats performing the TOJ task also showed evidence of rapid recalibration, in which their audiovisual temporal perception on the current trial was predictably influenced by the timing lag between the auditory and visual stimuli in the preceding trial. Finally, by manipulating either experimental testing parameters or altering the rats' neurochemistry with a systemic injection of MK-801, we showed that the TOJ and SJ tasks could identify when the rats had difficulty judging the timing of audiovisual stimuli. These findings confirm that the behavioral paradigms are indeed suitable for future testing of rats with perceptual disruptions in audiovisual processing. Overall, our collective results highlight that rats represent an excellent animal model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the acuity and malleability of audiovisual temporal perception, as they showcase the perceptual hallmarks commonly observed in humans.
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7
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Ummear Raza M, Gautam D, Rorie D, Sivarao DV. Differential Effects of Clozapine and Haloperidol on the 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response-mediated Phase Resetting in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Female Sprague Dawley Rat. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:581-591. [PMID: 36691888 PMCID: PMC10154723 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural synchrony at gamma frequency (~40 Hz) is important for information processing and is disrupted in schizophrenia. From a drug development perspective, molecules that can improve local gamma synchrony are promising candidates for therapeutic development. HYPOTHESIS Given their differentiated clinical profile, clozapine, and haloperidol may have distinct effects on local gamma synchrony engendered by 40 Hz click trains, the so-called auditory steady-state response (ASSR). STUDY DESIGN Clozapine and haloperidol at doses known to mimic clinically relevant D2 receptor occupancy were evaluated using the ASSR in separate cohorts of female SD rats. RESULTS Clozapine (2.5-10 mg/kg, sc) robustly increased intertrial phase coherence (ITC), across all doses. Evoked response increased but less consistently. Background gamma activity, unrelated to the stimulus, showed a reduction at all doses. Closer scrutiny of the data indicated that clozapine accelerated gamma phase resetting. Thus, clozapine augmented auditory information processing in the gamma frequency range by reducing the background gamma, accelerating the gamma phase resetting and improving phase precision and signal power. Modest improvements in ITC were seen with Haloperidol (0.08 and 0.24 mg/kg, sc) without accelerating phase resetting. Evoked power was unaffected while background gamma was reduced at high doses only, which also caused catalepsy. CONCLUSIONS Using click-train evoked gamma synchrony as an index of local neural network function, we provide a plausible neurophysiological basis for the superior and differentiated profile of clozapine. These observations may provide a neurophysiological template for identifying new drug candidates with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Dakota Rorie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
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8
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Jasinskyte U, Buisas R, Griskova-Bulanova I, Guzulaitis R. Auditory steady-state responses in the auditory cortex of mice during estrus cycle. Brain Res 2023; 1810:148376. [PMID: 37121427 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Auditory-steady state responses (ASSRs) disclose brain's potency to oscillate and have been suggested to serve as biomarkers in various psychiatric disorders. GABAergic neurotransmission, a critical component for brain oscillations, is heavily influenced by sex hormones. In line, the severity of symptoms in psychiatric disorders is linked to changes in sex hormones during menstrual cycle. However, how these sex hormones affect ASSRs remain largely unknown. This was addressed by performing chronic recordings of ASSRs in mice while monitoring its estrus cycle. Here, the stability of ASSRs during long term recordings were validated and showed good reliability. 40 Hz ASSRs showed changes throughout estrus cycle where it decreased in metestrus phase compared to diestrus phase. In contrast, other frequency ASSRs did not show significant changes throughout estrus cycle. Taken together, our findings illustrate that the estrus cycle can influence the generation of ASSRs and the phase of the estrus cycle should be taken into consideration when ASSRs are recorded in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urte Jasinskyte
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Buisas
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
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9
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de la Salle S, Shah U, Hyde M, Baysarowich R, Aidelbaum R, Choueiry J, Knott V. Synchronized Auditory Gamma Response to Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and its Inter-Individual Variation in Healthy Humans. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:472-483. [PMID: 35491558 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221098285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, a disorder associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, auditory cortical plasticity deficits have been indexed by the synchronized electroencephalographic (EEG) auditory steady-state gamma-band (40-Hz) response (ASSR) and the early auditory evoked gamma-band response (aeGBR), both considered to be target engagement biomarkers for NMDAR function, and potentially amenable to treatment by NMDAR modulators. As transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is likely dependent on NMDAR neurotransmission, this preliminary study, conducted in 30 healthy volunteers, assessed the off-line effects of prefrontal anodal tDCS and sham (placebo) treatment on 40-Hz ASSR and aeGBR. Anodal tDCS failed to alter aeGBR but increased both 40-Hz ASSR power, as measured by event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP), and phase locking, as measured by inter-trial phase consistency (ITPC). Inter-individual differences in tDCS-induced increases in ERSP were negatively related to baseline ERSPs. These findings provide tentative support for further study of tDCS as a potential NMDAR neuromodulatory intervention for synchronized auditory gamma response deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara de la Salle
- 580059The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Urusa Shah
- Neuroscience, 6339Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Hyde
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Renee Baysarowich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Aidelbaum
- School of Psychology, 6339Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joëlle Choueiry
- 580059The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- 580059The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience, 6339Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, 6339Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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10
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Janz P, Nicolas MJ, Redondo RL, Valencia M.
GABA
B
R
activation partially normalizes acute
NMDAR
hypofunction oscillatory abnormalities but fails to rescue sensory processing deficits. J Neurochem 2022; 161:417-434. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Maria Jesus Nicolas
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080 Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080 Pamplona Spain
| | - Roger L. Redondo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Miguel Valencia
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080 Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080 Pamplona Spain
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11
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Adams RA, Pinotsis D, Tsirlis K, Unruh L, Mahajan A, Horas AM, Convertino L, Summerfelt A, Sampath H, Du XM, Kochunov P, Ji JL, Repovs G, Murray JD, Friston KJ, Hong LE, Anticevic A. Computational Modeling of Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Paradigms Indicates a Consistent Loss of Pyramidal Cell Synaptic Gain in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:202-215. [PMID: 34598786 PMCID: PMC8654393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diminished synaptic gain-the sensitivity of postsynaptic responses to neural inputs-may be a fundamental synaptic pathology in schizophrenia. Evidence for this is indirect, however. Furthermore, it is unclear whether pyramidal cells or interneurons (or both) are affected, or how these deficits relate to symptoms. METHODS People with schizophrenia diagnoses (PScz) (n = 108), their relatives (n = 57), and control subjects (n = 107) underwent 3 electroencephalography (EEG) paradigms-resting, mismatch negativity, and 40-Hz auditory steady-state response-and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dynamic causal modeling was used to quantify synaptic connectivity in cortical microcircuits. RESULTS Classic group differences in EEG features between PScz and control subjects were replicated, including increased theta and other spectral changes (resting EEG), reduced mismatch negativity, and reduced 40-Hz power. Across all 4 paradigms, characteristic PScz data features were all best explained by models with greater self-inhibition (decreased synaptic gain) in pyramidal cells. Furthermore, disinhibition in auditory areas predicted abnormal auditory perception (and positive symptoms) in PScz in 3 paradigms. CONCLUSIONS First, characteristic EEG changes in PScz in 3 classic paradigms are all attributable to the same underlying parameter change: greater self-inhibition in pyramidal cells. Second, psychotic symptoms in PScz relate to disinhibition in neural circuits. These findings are more commensurate with the hypothesis that in PScz, a primary loss of synaptic gain on pyramidal cells is then compensated by interneuron downregulation (rather than the converse). They further suggest that psychotic symptoms relate to this secondary downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Adams
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Dimitris Pinotsis
- Centre for Mathematical Neuroscience and Psychology and Department of Psychology, City University of London, London, United Kingdom; Picower Institute for Learning & Memory and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantinos Tsirlis
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonhardt Unruh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aashna Mahajan
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Montero Horas
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Artificial Intelligence, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Convertino
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hemalatha Sampath
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoming Michael Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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12
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Li Y, Wang X, Li Z, Chen J, Qin L. Effect of locomotion on the auditory steady state response of head-fixed mice. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:362-372. [PMID: 32901530 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1814409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Electroencephalographic (EEG) examinations of the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) can non-invasively probe cortical function to generate the gamma-band (40 Hz) oscillation, which is increasingly applied to the neurophysiological studies on the rodent models of psychiatric disorders. Though, it has been well established that the brain activities are significantly modulated by the behavioural state (such as locomotion), how the ASSR is affected remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the effect of locomotion by recording local field potential (LFP) evoked by 40-Hz click-train from multiple brain areas: auditory cortex (AC), medial geniculate body (MGB), hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), in head-fixed mice free to run on a treadmill. Comparisons were conducted on the LFPs during spontaneous movement and stationary conditions. RESULTS We found that in both the auditory (AC and MGB) and non-auditory areas (HP and PFC), locomotion reduced the initial negative deflection of LFP (early response during 0-100 ms from stimulus onset), and had no significant effect on the ASSR phase-locking to the late stimulus (100-500 ms). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that different neural mechanisms contribute to the early response and ASSR, and the ASSR is a more robust biomarker to investigate the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhuo Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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13
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Neklyudova AK, Portnova GV, Rebreikina AB, Voinova VY, Vorsanova SG, Iourov IY, Sysoeva OV. 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) as a Biomarker of Genetic Defects in the SHANK3 Gene: A Case Report of 15-Year-Old Girl with a Rare Partial SHANK3 Duplication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041898. [PMID: 33673024 PMCID: PMC7917917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SHANK3 encodes a scaffold protein involved in postsynaptic receptor density in glutamatergic synapses, including those in the parvalbumin (PV)+ inhibitory neurons—the key players in the generation of sensory gamma oscillations, such as 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR). However, 40-Hz ASSR was not studied in relation to SHANK3 functioning. Here, we present a 15-year-old girl (SH01) with previously unreported duplication of the first seven exons of the SHANK3 gene (22q13.33). SH01’s electroencephalogram (EEG) during 40-Hz click trains of 500 ms duration binaurally presented with inter-trial intervals of 500–800 ms were compared with those from typically developing children (n = 32). SH01 was diagnosed with mild mental retardation and learning disabilities (F70.88), dysgraphia, dyslexia, and smaller vocabulary than typically developing (TD) peers. Her clinical phenotype resembled the phenotype of previously described patients with 22q13.33 microduplications (≈30 reported so far). SH01 had mild autistic symptoms but below the threshold for ASD diagnosis and microcephaly. No seizures or MRI abnormalities were reported. While SH01 had relatively preserved auditory event-related potential (ERP) with slightly attenuated P1, her 40-Hz ASSR was totally absent significantly deviating from TD’s ASSR. The absence of 40-Hz ASSR in patients with microduplication, which affected the SHANK3 gene, indicates deficient temporal resolution of the auditory system, which might underlie language problems and represent a neurophysiological biomarker of SHANK3 abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K. Neklyudova
- Laboratory of Human Higher Nervous Activity, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.N.); (G.V.P.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Galina V. Portnova
- Laboratory of Human Higher Nervous Activity, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.N.); (G.V.P.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Anna B. Rebreikina
- Laboratory of Human Higher Nervous Activity, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.N.); (G.V.P.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Victoria Yu Voinova
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov, Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.V.); (S.G.V.); (I.Y.I.)
- Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Vorsanova
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov, Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.V.); (S.G.V.); (I.Y.I.)
- Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Y. Iourov
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov, Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.V.); (S.G.V.); (I.Y.I.)
- Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Sysoeva
- Laboratory of Human Higher Nervous Activity, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.N.); (G.V.P.); (A.B.R.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wieczerzak KB, Patel SV, MacNeil H, Scott KE, Schormans AL, Hayes SH, Herrmann B, Allman BL. Differential Plasticity in Auditory and Prefrontal Cortices, and Cognitive-Behavioral Deficits Following Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Neuroscience 2020; 455:1-18. [PMID: 33246065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to loud noise causes hearing loss and neural plasticity throughout the auditory pathway. Recent studies have identified that non-auditory regions, such as the hippocampus, are also susceptible to noise exposure; however, the electrophysiological and behavioral consequences of noise-induced hearing loss on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are unclear. Using chronically-implanted electrodes in awake rats, we investigated neural plasticity in the auditory and prefrontal cortices in the days following noise exposure via metrics associated with spontaneous neural oscillations and the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Noise exposure did not alter the profile of spontaneous oscillations in either of the cortices, yet it caused a differential plasticity in the sound-evoked activity, which was characterized by enhanced event-related potentials (ERPs) in the auditory cortex (i.e., central gain), and decreased inter-trial coherence (ITC) of the 40-Hz ASSR within the PFC. Moreover, phase synchrony between auditory and prefrontal cortices was decreased post-exposure, suggesting a reduction in functional connectivity. Cognitive-behavioral testing using the Morris water maze and a series of lever-pressing tasks revealed that noise exposure impaired spatial learning and reference memory, as well as stimulus-response habit learning, whereas cognitive flexibility tasks requiring set-shifting and reversal learning appeared unaffected. Collectively, our findings identify the complex and region-specific cortical plasticity associated with noise-induced hearing loss, and highlight the varying degrees of susceptibility of non-auditory, cognitive tasks of learning, memory and executive function to noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna B Wieczerzak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Salonee V Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Hannah MacNeil
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kaela E Scott
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ashley L Schormans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sarah H Hayes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Björn Herrmann
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Brian L Allman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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15
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Javitt DC, Siegel SJ, Spencer KM, Mathalon DH, Hong LE, Martinez A, Ehlers CL, Abbas AI, Teichert T, Lakatos P, Womelsdorf T. A roadmap for development of neuro-oscillations as translational biomarkers for treatment development in neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1411-1422. [PMID: 32375159 PMCID: PMC7360555 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
New treatment development for psychiatric disorders depends critically upon the development of physiological measures that can accurately translate between preclinical animal models and clinical human studies. Such measures can be used both as stratification biomarkers to define pathophysiologically homogeneous patient populations and as target engagement biomarkers to verify similarity of effects across preclinical and clinical intervention. Traditional "time-domain" event-related potentials (ERP) have been used translationally to date but are limited by the significant differences in timing and distribution across rodent, monkey and human studies. By contrast, neuro-oscillatory responses, analyzed within the "time-frequency" domain, are relatively preserved across species permitting more precise translational comparisons. Moreover, neuro-oscillatory responses are increasingly being mapped to local circuit mechanisms and may be useful for investigating effects of both pharmacological and neuromodulatory interventions on excitatory/inhibitory balance. The present paper provides a roadmap for development of neuro-oscillatory responses as translational biomarkers in neuropsychiatric treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10954, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kevin M Spencer
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- VA San Francisco Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10954, USA
| | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Atheir I Abbas
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tobias Teichert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Peter Lakatos
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10954, USA
| | - Thilo Womelsdorf
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
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16
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Kikuchi T. Is Memantine Effective as an NMDA-Receptor Antagonist in Adjunctive Therapy for Schizophrenia? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081134. [PMID: 32751985 PMCID: PMC7466074 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Memantine, an n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist approved for treating Alzheimer's disease, has a good safety profile and is increasingly being studied for possible use in a variety of non-dementia psychiatric disorders. There is an abundance of basic and clinical data that support the hypothesis that NMDA receptor hypofunction contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, there are numerous randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials showing that add-on treatment with memantine improves negative and cognitive symptoms, particularly the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, indicating that memantine as adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia helps to ameliorate negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. It remains unclear why memantine does not show undesirable central nervous system (CNS) side effects in humans unlike other NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine and ketamine. However, the answer could lie in the fact that it would appear that memantine works as a low-affinity, fast off-rate, voltage-dependent, and uncompetitive antagonist with preferential inhibition of extrasynaptic receptors. It is reasonable to assume that the effects of memantine as adjunctive therapy on negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may derive primarily, if not totally, from its NMDA receptor antagonist activity at NMDA receptors including extrasynaptic receptors in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kikuchi
- New Drug Research Division, Pharmaceutical Business Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
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17
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Yamazaki M, Honda S, Tamaki K, Irie M, Mihara T. Effects of (+)-bicuculline, a GABAa receptor antagonist, on auditory steady state response in free-moving rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236363. [PMID: 32706815 PMCID: PMC7380603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are states in which the electrical activity of the brain reacts steadily to repeated auditory stimuli. They are known to be useful for testing the functional integrity of neural circuits in the cortex, as well as for their capacity to generate synchronous activity in both human and animal models. Furthermore, abnormal gamma oscillations on ASSR are typically observed in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Changes in neural synchrony may reflect aberrations in cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission. However, GABA’s impact and effects related to ASSR are still unclear. Here, we examined the effect of a GABAa receptor antagonist, (+)-bicuculline, on ASSR in free-moving rats. (+)-Bicuculline (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg, sc) markedly and dose-dependently reduced ASSR signals, consistent with current hypotheses. In particular, (+)-bicuculline significantly reduced event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) at 2 and 4 mg/kg between 10 and 30 minutes post-dose. Further, bicuculline (2 and 4 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently increased baseline gamma power. Furthermore, the occurrence of convulsions was consistent with the drug’s pharmacokinetics. For example, high doses of (+)-bicuculline such as those greater than 880 ng/g in the brain induced convulsion. Additionally, time-dependent changes in ERSP with (+)-bicuculline were observed in accordance with drug concentration. This study partially unraveled the contribution of GABAa receptor signals to the generation of ASSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sokichi Honda
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tamaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Megumi Irie
- Analysis & Pharmacokinetics Research Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuma Mihara
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Tada M, Kirihara K, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Usui K, Uka T, Komatsu M, Kunii N, Araki T, Kasai K. Gamma-Band Auditory Steady-State Response as a Neurophysiological Marker for Excitation and Inhibition Balance: A Review for Understanding Schizophrenia and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:234-243. [PMID: 31402699 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419868872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Altered gamma oscillations have attracted considerable attention as an index of the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) has been the most robust probe of abnormal gamma oscillatory dynamics in schizophrenia. Here, we review recent ASSR studies in patients with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Preclinical ASSR research, which has contributed to the elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology of these diseases, is also discussed. The developmental trajectory of the ASSR has been explored and may show signs of the maturation and disruption of E/I balance in adolescence. Animal model studies have shown that synaptic interactions between parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and pyramidal neurons contribute to the regulation of E/I balance, which is related to the generation of gamma oscillation. Therefore, ASSR alteration may be a significant electrophysiological finding related to the E/I imbalance in neuropsychiatric disorders, which is a cross-disease feature and may reflect clinical staging. Future studies regarding ASSR generation, especially in nonhuman primate models, will advance our understanding of the brain circuit and the molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Fujioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Usui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Misako Komatsu
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Translational neurophysiological biomarkers of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor dysfunction in serine racemase knockout mice. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2020; 2. [PMID: 34308374 PMCID: PMC8301266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glutamatergic function are well established in schizophrenia (Sz), but new treatment development is hampered by the lack of translational pathophysiological and target engagement biomarkers as well as by the lack of animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiological features of Sz. Here, we evaluated the rodent auditory steady state response (ASSR) and long-latency auditory event-related potential (aERP) as potential translational markers. These biomarkers were assessed for their sensitivity to both the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) and to knock-out (KO) of Serine Racemase (SR), which is known to lead to Sz-like alterations in function of parvalbumin (PV)-type cortical interneurons. PCP led to significant increases of ASSR that were further increased in SRKO−/−, consistent with PV interneuron effects. Similar effects were observed in mice with selective NMDAR KO on PV interneurons. By contrast, PCP but not SRKO reduced the amplitude of the rodent analog of the human N1 potential. Overall, these findings support use of rodent ASSR and long-latency aERP, along with previously described measures such as mismatch negativity (MMN), as translational biomarkers, and support SRKO mice as a potential rodent model for PV interneuron dysfunction in Sz.
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20
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Honda S, Matsumoto M, Tajinda K, Mihara T. Enhancing Clinical Trials Through Synergistic Gamma Power Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:537. [PMID: 32587536 PMCID: PMC7299152 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the etiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders remains unknown, increasing evidence suggests that aberrant sensory processing plays a central role. For this class of disorders, which are characterized by affective, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms, electroencephalography remains the dominant tool for providing insight into the physiological and molecular underpinnings of the disease state and predicting the effectiveness of investigational new drugs. Within the spectrum of electrical activity present in the CNS, high-frequency oscillations in the gamma band are frequently altered in these patient populations. Measurement of gamma oscillation can be further classified into baseline and evoked, each of which offers a specific commentary on disease state. Baseline gamma analysis provides a surrogate of pharmacodynamics and predicting the time course effects of clinical candidate drugs, while alterations in evoked (time-locked) gamma power may serve as a disease biomarker and have utility in assessing patient response to new drugs. Together, these techniques offer complimentary methods of analysis for discrete realms of clinical and translational medicine. In terms of drug development, comprehensive analysis containing aspects of both baseline and evoked gamma oscillations may prove more useful in establishing better workflow and more accurate criteria for the testing of investigational new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokichi Honda
- Neuroscience, La Jolla Laboratory, Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mitsuyuki Matsumoto
- Neuroscience, La Jolla Laboratory, Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Katsunori Tajinda
- Neuroscience, La Jolla Laboratory, Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Takuma Mihara
- Candidate Discovery Research Labs, DDR, Astellas Pharm Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
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21
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Kozono N, Honda S, Tada M, Kirihara K, Zhao Z, Jinde S, Uka T, Yamada H, Matsumoto M, Kasai K, Mihara T. Auditory Steady State Response; nature and utility as a translational science tool. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8454. [PMID: 31186500 PMCID: PMC6560088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) has been used to detect auditory processing deficits in patients with psychiatric disorders. However, the methodology of ASSR recording from the brain surface has not been standardized in preclinical studies, limiting its use as a translational biomarker. The sites of maximal ASSR in humans are the vertex and/or middle frontal area, although it has been suggested that the auditory cortex is the source of the ASSR. We constructed and validated novel methods for ASSR recording using a switchable pedestal which allows ASSR recording alternatively from temporal or parietal cortex with a wide range of frequencies in freely moving rats. We further evaluated ASSR as a translational tool by assessing the effect of ketamine. The ASSR measured at parietal cortex did not show clear event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) or inter-trial coherence (ITC) in any frequency bands or a change with ketamine. In contrast, the ASSR at temporal cortex showed clear ERSP and ITC where 40 Hz was maximal in both gamma-band frequencies. Ketamine exerted a biphasic effect in ERSP at gamma bands. These findings suggest that temporal cortex recording with a wide frequency range is a robust methodology to detect ASSR, potentially enabling application as a translational biomarker in psychiatric and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kozono
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Sokichi Honda
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Zhilei Zhao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Jinde
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Matsumoto
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuma Mihara
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs., Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
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Schuelert N, Dorner‐Ciossek C, Brendel M, Rosenbrock H. A comprehensive analysis of auditory event-related potentials and network oscillations in an NMDA receptor antagonist mouse model using a novel wireless recording technology. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13782. [PMID: 30155997 PMCID: PMC6113138 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that impaired sensory processing significantly contributes to cognitive deficits found in schizophrenia. Electroencephalography (EEG) has become an important preclinical and clinical technique to investigate the underlying mechanisms of neurophysiological dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders. Patients with schizophrenia show marked deficits in auditory event-related potentials (ERP), the detection of deviant auditory stimuli (mismatch negativity, MMN), the generation and synchronization of 40 Hz gamma oscillations in response to steady-state auditory stimulation (ASSR) and reduced auditory-evoked oscillation in the gamma range. Due to a novel data-logging technology (Neurologger, TSE Systems), it is now possible to record wireless EEG data in awake, free-moving small rodents without any restrictions due to size of the device or attached cables. Recently, a new version of the Neurologger was released with improved performance to record time-locked event-related EEG signals. In this study, we were able to show in mice that pharmacological intervention with the NMDA receptor antagonists Ketamine and MK-801 can impair a comprehensive selection of EEG/ERP readouts (ERP N1 amplitude, 40 Hz ASSR, basal and evoked gamma oscillation, MMN) and therefore mimic the EEG deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia. Our data support the translational value of NMDA receptor antagonists as a model for preclinical evaluation of sensory processing deficits relevant to schizophrenia. Further, the new Neurologger system is a suitable device for wireless recording of clinically relevant EEG biomarkers in freely moving mice and a robust translational tool to investigate novel therapeutic approaches regarding sensory processing deficits related to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Schuelert
- CNS Diseases Research GermanyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Cornelia Dorner‐Ciossek
- CNS Diseases Research GermanyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Michael Brendel
- Biostatistics and Data SciencesBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Holger Rosenbrock
- CNS Diseases Research GermanyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der RissGermany
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Harms L, Fulham WR, Todd J, Meehan C, Schall U, Hodgson DM, Michie PT. Late deviance detection in rats is reduced, while early deviance detection is augmented by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Schizophr Res 2018; 191:43-50. [PMID: 28385587 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most robust electrophysiological features of schizophrenia is reduced mismatch negativity, a component of the event related potential (ERP) induced by rare and unexpected stimuli in an otherwise regular pattern. Emerging evidence suggests that mismatch negativity (MMN) is not the only ERP index of deviance detection in the mammalian brain and that sensitivity to deviant sounds in a regular background can be observed at earlier latencies in both the human and rodent brain. Pharmacological studies in humans and rodents have previously found that MMN reductions similar to those seen in schizophrenia can be elicited by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism, an observation in agreement with the hypothesised role of NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia pathogenesis. However, it is not known how NMDA receptor antagonism affects early deviance detection responses. Here, we show that NMDA antagonism impacts both early and late deviance detection responses. By recording EEG in awake, freely-moving rats in a drug-free condition and after varying doses of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, we found the hypothesised reduction of deviance detection for a late, negative potential (N55). However, the amplitude of an early component, P13, as well as deviance detection evident in the same component, were increased by NMDA receptor antagonism. These findings indicate that late deviance detection in rats is similar to human MMN, but the surprising effect of MK-801 in increasing ERP amplitudes as well as deviance detection at earlier latencies suggests that future studies in humans should examine ERPs over early latencies in schizophrenia and after NMDA antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Harms
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - W R Fulham
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Todd
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - C Meehan
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - U Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - D M Hodgson
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - P T Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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24
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Legget KT, Hild AK, Steinmetz SE, Simon ST, Rojas DC. MEG and EEG demonstrate similar test-retest reliability of the 40Hz auditory steady-state response. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 114:16-23. [PMID: 28161286 PMCID: PMC5348916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is increasingly being used as a biomarker in neuropsychiatric disorders, but research investigating the test-retest reliability of this measure is needed. We previously reported ASSR reliability, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), to 40Hz amplitude-modulated white noise and click train stimuli. The purpose of the current study was to (a) assess the reliability of the MEG-measured ASSR to 40Hz amplitude-modulated white noise and click train stimuli, and (b) compare test-retest reliability between MEG and EEG measures of ASSR, which has not previously been investigated. Additionally, impact of stimulus parameter choice on reliability was assessed, by comparing responses to white noise and click train stimuli. Test-retest reliability, across sessions approximately one week apart, was assessed in 17 healthy adults. On each study day, participants completed two passive listening tasks (white noise and click train stimuli) during separate MEG and EEG recordings. Between-session correlations for evoked power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) were assessed following source-space projection. Overall, the MEG-measured ASSR was significantly correlated between sessions (p<0.05, FDR corrected), suggesting acceptable test-retest reliability. Results suggest greater response reproducibility for ITPC compared to evoked responses and for click train compared to white noise stimuli, although further study is warranted. No significant differences in reliability were observed between MEG and EEG measures, suggesting they are similarly reliable. This work supports use of the ASSR as a biomarker in clinical interventions with repeated measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina T Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Allison K Hild
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sarah E Steinmetz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Steven T Simon
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Donald C Rojas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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25
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40 Hz Auditory Steady-State Response Is a Pharmacodynamic Biomarker for Cortical NMDA Receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2232-40. [PMID: 26837462 PMCID: PMC4946051 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients exhibit dysfunctional gamma oscillations in response to simple auditory stimuli or more complex cognitive tasks, a phenomenon explained by reduced NMDA transmission within inhibitory/excitatory cortical networks. Indeed, a simple steady-state auditory click stimulation paradigm at gamma frequency (~40 Hz) has been reproducibly shown to reduce entrainment as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) in patients. However, some investigators have reported increased phase locking factor (PLF) and power in response to 40 Hz auditory stimulus in patients. Interestingly, preclinical literature also reflects this contradiction. We investigated whether a graded deficiency in NMDA transmission can account for such disparate findings by administering subanesthetic ketamine (1-30 mg/kg, i.v.) or vehicle to conscious rats (n=12) and testing their EEG entrainment to 40 Hz click stimuli at various time points (~7-62 min after treatment). In separate cohorts, we examined in vivo NMDA channel occupancy and tissue exposure to contextualize ketamine effects. We report a robust inverse relationship between PLF and NMDA occupancy 7 min after dosing. Moreover, ketamine could produce inhibition or disinhibition of the 40 Hz response in a temporally dynamic manner. These results provide for the first time empirical data to understand how cortical NMDA transmission deficit may lead to opposite modulation of the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Importantly, our findings posit that 40 Hz ASSR is a pharmacodynamic biomarker for cortical NMDA function that is also robustly translatable. Besides schizophrenia, such a functional biomarker may be of value to neuropsychiatric disorders like bipolar and autism spectrum where 40 Hz ASSR deficits have been documented.
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Cholinergic modulation of auditory steady-state response in the auditory cortex of the freely moving rat. Neuroscience 2016; 324:29-39. [PMID: 26964684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As disturbance in auditory steady-state response (ASSR) has been consistently found in many neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, there is considerable interest in the development of translational rat models to elucidate the underlying neural and neurochemical mechanisms involved in ASSR. This is the first study to investigate the effects of the non-selective muscarinic antagonist scopolamine and the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil (also in combination with scopolamine) on ASSR. We recorded the local field potentials through the chronic microelectrodes implanted in the auditory cortex of freely moving rat. ASSRs were recorded in response to auditory stimuli delivered over a range of frequencies (10-80 Hz) and averaged over 60 trials. We found that a single dose of scopolamine produced a temporal attenuation in response to auditory stimuli; the most attenuation occurred at 40 Hz. Time-frequency analysis revealed deficits in both power and phase-locking to 40 Hz. Donepezil augmented 40-Hz steady-state power and phase-locking. Scopolamine combined with donepezil had an enhanced effect on the phase-locking, but not power of ASSR. These changes induced by cholinergic drugs suggest an involvement of muscarinic neurotransmission in auditory processing and provide a rodent model investigating the neurochemical mechanism of neurophysiological deficits seen in patients.
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27
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Rass O, Ahn WY, O'Donnell BF. Resting-state EEG, impulsiveness, and personality in daily and nondaily smokers. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:409-418. [PMID: 26051750 PMCID: PMC4644505 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resting EEG is sensitive to transient, acute effects of nicotine administration and abstinence, but the chronic effects of smoking on EEG are poorly characterized. This study measures the resting EEG profile of chronic smokers in a non-deprived, non-peak state to test whether differences in smoking behavior and personality traits affect pharmaco-EEG response. METHODS Resting EEG, impulsiveness, and personality measures were collected from daily smokers (n=22), nondaily smokers (n=31), and non-smokers (n=30). RESULTS Daily smokers had reduced resting delta and alpha EEG power and higher impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) compared to nondaily smokers and non-smokers. Both daily and nondaily smokers discounted delayed rewards more steeply, reported lower conscientiousness (NEO-FFI), and reported greater disinhibition and experience seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale) than non-smokers. Nondaily smokers reported greater sensory hedonia than nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Altered resting EEG power in daily smokers demonstrates differences in neural signaling that correlated with greater smoking behavior and dependence. Although nondaily smokers share some characteristics with daily smokers that may predict smoking initiation and maintenance, they differ on measures of impulsiveness and resting EEG power. SIGNIFICANCE Resting EEG in non-deprived chronic smokers provides a standard for comparison to peak and trough nicotine states and may serve as a biomarker for nicotine dependence, relapse risk, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rass
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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28
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John D, Berg DK. Long-lasting changes in neural networks to compensate for altered nicotinic input. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:418-424. [PMID: 26206188 PMCID: PMC4600434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system must balance excitatory and inhibitory input to constrain network activity levels within a proper dynamic range. This is a demanding requirement during development, when networks form and throughout adulthood as networks respond to constantly changing environments. Defects in the ability to sustain a proper balance of excitatory and inhibitory activity are characteristic of numerous neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and autism. A variety of homeostatic mechanisms appear to be critical for balancing excitatory and inhibitory activity in a network. These are operative at the level of individual neurons, regulating their excitability by adjusting the numbers and types of ion channels, and at the level of synaptic connections, determining the relative numbers of excitatory versus inhibitory connections a neuron receives. Nicotinic cholinergic signaling is well positioned to contribute at both levels because it appears early in development, extends across much of the nervous system, and modulates transmission at many kinds of synapses. Further, it is known to influence the ratio of excitatory-to-inhibitory synapses formed on neurons during development. GABAergic inhibitory neurons are likely to be key for maintaining network homeostasis (limiting excitatory output), and nicotinic signaling is known to prominently regulate the activity of several GABAergic neuronal subtypes. But how nicotinic signaling achieves this and how networks may compensate for the loss of such input are important questions remaining unanswered. These issues are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle John
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, United States; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, United States
| | - Darwin K Berg
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, United States; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, United States.
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29
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Javitt DC, Sweet RA. Auditory dysfunction in schizophrenia: integrating clinical and basic features. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:535-50. [PMID: 26289573 PMCID: PMC4692466 DOI: 10.1038/nrn4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder that is associated with persistent psychosocial disability in affected individuals. Although studies of schizophrenia have traditionally focused on deficits in higher-order processes such as working memory and executive function, there is an increasing realization that, in this disorder, deficits can be found throughout the cortex and are manifest even at the level of early sensory processing. These deficits are highly amenable to translational investigation and represent potential novel targets for clinical intervention. Deficits, moreover, have been linked to specific structural abnormalities in post-mortem auditory cortex tissue from individuals with schizophrenia, providing unique insights into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 21, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Research Office Building (151R), University Drive C, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240, USA
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30
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Leishman E, O’Donnell BF, Millward JB, Vohs JL, Rass O, Krishnan GP, Bolbecker AR, Morzorati SL. Phencyclidine Disrupts the Auditory Steady State Response in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134979. [PMID: 26258486 PMCID: PMC4530939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is usually reduced in schizophrenia (SZ), particularly to 40 Hz stimulation. The gamma frequency ASSR deficit has been attributed to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction. We tested whether the NMDAR antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), produced similar ASSR deficits in rats. EEG was recorded from awake rats via intracranial electrodes overlaying the auditory cortex and at the vertex of the skull. ASSRs to click trains were recorded at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 55 Hz and measured by ASSR Mean Power (MP) and Phase Locking Factor (PLF). In Experiment 1, the effect of different subcutaneous doses of PCP (1.0, 2.5 and 4.0 mg/kg) on the ASSR in 12 rats was assessed. In Experiment 2, ASSRs were compared in PCP treated rats and control rats at baseline, after acute injection (5 mg/kg), following two weeks of subchronic, continuous administration (5 mg/kg/day), and one week after drug cessation. Acute administration of PCP increased PLF and MP at frequencies of stimulation below 50 Hz, and decreased responses at higher frequencies at the auditory cortex site. Acute administration had a less pronounced effect at the vertex site, with a reduction of either PLF or MP observed at frequencies above 20 Hz. Acute effects increased in magnitude with higher doses of PCP. Consistent effects were not observed after subchronic PCP administration. These data indicate that acute administration of PCP, a NMDAR antagonist, produces an increase in ASSR synchrony and power at low frequencies of stimulation and a reduction of high frequency (> 40 Hz) ASSR activity in rats. Subchronic, continuous administration of PCP, on the other hand, has little impact on ASSRs. Thus, while ASSRs are highly sensitive to NMDAR antagonists, their translational utility as a cross-species biomarker for NMDAR hypofunction in SZ and other disorders may be dependent on dose and schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Brian F. O’Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James B. Millward
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Jenifer L. Vohs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Olga Rass
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Giri P. Krishnan
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. Morzorati
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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Stimulus train duration but not attention moderates γ-band entrainment abnormalities in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 165:97-102. [PMID: 25868936 PMCID: PMC5538018 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of auditory steady-state responses (aSSRs) non-invasively probe gamma-band (40-Hz) oscillatory capacity in sensory cortex with high signal-to-noise ratio. Consistent reports of reduced 40-Hz aSSRs in persons with schizophrenia (SZ) indicate its potential as an efficient biomarker for the disease, but studies have been limited to passive or indirect listening contexts with stereotypically short (500ms) stimulus trains. An inability to modulate sensorineural processing in accord with behavioral goals or within the sensory environmental context may represent a fundamental deficit in SZ, but whether and how this deficit relates to reduced aSSRs is unknown. We systematically varied stimulus duration and attentional contexts to further mature the 40-Hz aSSR as biomarker for future translational or mechanistic studies. Eighteen SZ and 18 healthy subjects (H) were presented binaural pure-tones with or without sinusoidal amplitude modulation at 40-Hz. Stimulus duration (500-ms or 1500-ms) and attention (via a button press task) were varied across 4 separate blocks. Evoked potentials recorded with dense-array EEGs were analyzed in the time-frequency domain. SZ displayed reduced 40-Hz aSSRs to typical stimulation parameters, replicating previous findings. In H, aSSRs were reduced when stimuli were presented in longer trains and were slightly enhanced by attention. Only the former modulation was impaired in SZ and correlated with sensory discrimination performance. Thus, gamma-band aSSRs are modulated by both attentional and stimulus duration contexts, but only modulations related to physical stimulus properties are abnormal in SZ, supporting its status as a biomarker of psychotic perceptual disturbance involving non-attentional sensori-cortical circuits.
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32
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Sivarao DV. The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response: a selective biomarker for cortical NMDA function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:27-36. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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Sullivan EM, Timi P, Hong LE, O'Donnell P. Effects of NMDA and GABA-A Receptor Antagonism on Auditory Steady-State Synchronization in Awake Behaving Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu118. [PMID: 25556198 PMCID: PMC4540097 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The auditory steady-state response, which measures the ability of neural ensembles to entrain to rhythmic auditory stimuli, has been used in human electroencephalogram studies to assess sensory processing and electrical oscillatory deficits. Patients with schizophrenia show a deficit in auditory steady-state response at 40 Hz, and therefore this may be a useful biomarker to study this disorder. METHODS We used auditory steady-state response recordings from the primary auditory cortex, hippocampus, and vertex electroencephalogram sites in awake behaving rats to determine whether pharmacological impairment of excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission mimics auditory steady-state response abnormalities in schizophrenia. RESULTS We found the most robust response to auditory stimuli in the primary auditory cortex, in line with previous studies suggesting this region is the primary generator of the auditory steady-state response in humans. Acute MK-801 (0.1mg/kg i.p.) increased primary auditory cortex intertrial coherence during auditory steady-state response at 20 and 40 Hz. Chronic MK-801 (21-day exposure at this daily dose) had no significant effect on 40-Hz auditory steady-state response. Furthermore, we found no effect of acute or chronic picrotoxin (a GABA-A antagonist) on intertrial coherence. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that acute N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism increases synchronous activity in the primary auditory cortex in a frequency-specific manner, supporting the widely held view that acute N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonism augments gamma oscillations. Thus, rodent auditory steady-state response could be a valuable method to study the cortical ability to support synchronous activity at specific frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Drs Sullivan and O'Donnell, Ms Timi), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Hong and O'Donnell), and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (Dr Hong), Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Current affiliation: Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc, Cambridge, MA (Dr O'Donnell)
| | - Patricia Timi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Drs Sullivan and O'Donnell, Ms Timi), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Hong and O'Donnell), and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (Dr Hong), Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Current affiliation: Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc, Cambridge, MA (Dr O'Donnell)
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Drs Sullivan and O'Donnell, Ms Timi), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Hong and O'Donnell), and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (Dr Hong), Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Current affiliation: Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc, Cambridge, MA (Dr O'Donnell)
| | - Patricio O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Drs Sullivan and O'Donnell, Ms Timi), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Hong and O'Donnell), and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (Dr Hong), Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Current affiliation: Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc, Cambridge, MA (Dr O'Donnell).
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34
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Phillips KG, Uhlhaas PJ. Neural oscillations as a translational tool in schizophrenia research: rationale, paradigms and challenges. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:155-68. [PMID: 25567552 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114562093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillations have received recently a great deal of interest in schizophrenia research because of the possibility to integrate findings from non-invasive electro/magnetoencephalographical recordings with pre-clinical research, which could potentially lead to the identification of pathophysiological mechanisms and novel treatment targets. In the current paper, we review the potential as well as the challenges of this approach by summarizing findings on alterations in rhythmic activity from both animal models and human data which have implicated dysfunctional neural oscillations in the explanation of cognitive deficits and certain clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. Specifically, we will focus on findings that have examined neural oscillations during 1) perceptual processing, 2) working memory and executive processes and 3) spontaneous activity. The importance of the development of paradigms suitable for human and animal models is discussed as well as the search for mechanistic explanation for oscillatory dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Phillips
- Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Stone DB, Coffman BA, Bustillo JR, Aine CJ, Stephen JM. Multisensory stimuli elicit altered oscillatory brain responses at gamma frequencies in patients with schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:788. [PMID: 25414652 PMCID: PMC4220133 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in auditory and visual unisensory responses are well documented in patients with schizophrenia; however, potential abnormalities elicited from multisensory audio-visual stimuli are less understood. Further, schizophrenia patients have shown abnormal patterns in task-related and task-independent oscillatory brain activity, particularly in the gamma frequency band. We examined oscillatory responses to basic unisensory and multisensory stimuli in schizophrenia patients (N = 46) and healthy controls (N = 57) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Time-frequency decomposition was performed to determine regions of significant changes in gamma band power by group in response to unisensory and multisensory stimuli relative to baseline levels. Results showed significant behavioral differences between groups in response to unisensory and multisensory stimuli. In addition, time-frequency analysis revealed significant decreases and increases in gamma-band power in schizophrenia patients relative to healthy controls, which emerged both early and late over both sensory and frontal regions in response to unisensory and multisensory stimuli. Unisensory gamma-band power predicted multisensory gamma-band power differently by group. Furthermore, gamma-band power in these regions predicted performance in select measures of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) test battery differently by group. These results reveal a unique pattern of task-related gamma-band power in schizophrenia patients relative to controls that may indicate reduced inhibition in combination with impaired oscillatory mechanisms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Stone
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Brian A Coffman
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Department of Psychology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM, USA
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cheryl J Aine
- Department of Radiology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Demars MP, Morishita H. Cortical parvalbumin and somatostatin GABA neurons express distinct endogenous modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Mol Brain 2014; 7:75. [PMID: 25359633 PMCID: PMC4228157 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition from GABAergic interneurons in brain circuits is a critical component of cognitive function. This inhibition is regulated through a diverse network of neuromodulation. A number of recent studies suggest that one of the major regulators of interneuron function is nicotinic acetylcholinergic transmission and dysregulation of both systems is common in psychiatric conditions. However, how nicotinic modulation impacts specific subpopulations of diverse GABAergic interneurons remains in question. One potential way of conferring specificity to the convergence of GABAergic and nicotinic signaling is through the expression of a unique family of nicotinic acetycholine receptor modulators, the Lynx family. The present study sought to identify members of the Lynx family enriched in cortical interneurons and to elucidate subpopulations of GABAergic neurons that express unique nicotinic modulators. RESULTS We utilize double fluorescence in situ hybridization to examine the interneuronal expression of the Lynx family in adult mouse visual cortex. We find that two of the Lynx family members, Lynx1 and Lypd6, are enriched in interneuron populations in cortex. Nearly all parvalbumin interneurons express Lynx1 but we did not detect Lypd6 in this population. Conversely, in somatostatin interneurons Lypd6 was found in a subset localized to deep cortical layers but no somatostatin neurons show detectable levels of Lynx1. Using a combination of genetic and viral manipulations we further show that a subpopulation of deep-layer cortico-cortical long-range somatostatin neurons also express Lypd6. CONCLUSIONS This work shows that distinct subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons express unique Lynx family members. The pattern of expression of Lynx family members within interneurons places them in a unique position to potentially regulate the convergence of GABAergic and nicotinic systems, dysfunction of which are characteristic of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Demars
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Hirofumi Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Hoon Lee J, Min Lee S, Jin Byeon H, Sook Hong J, Suk Park K, Lee SH. CNT/PDMS-based canal-typed ear electrodes for inconspicuous EEG recording. J Neural Eng 2014; 11:046014. [PMID: 24963747 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/4/046014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring systems typically require cumbersome electrodes that must be pasted on a scalp, making a private recording of an EEG in a public place difficult. We have developed a small, user friendly, biocompatible electrode with a good appearance for inconspicuous EEG monitoring. APPROACH We fabricated carbon nanotube polydimethylsiloxane (CNT/PDMS)-based canal-type ear electrodes (CEE) for EEG recording. These electrodes have an additional function, triggering sound stimulation like earphones and recording EEG simultaneously for auditory brain-computer interface (BCI). The electrode performance was evaluated by a standard EEG measurement paradigm, including the detection of alpha rhythms and measurements of N100 auditory evoked potential (AEP), steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) and auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Furthermore, the bio- and skin-compatibility of CNT/PDMS were tested. MAIN RESULTS All feasibility studies were successfully recorded with the fabricated electrodes, and the biocompatibility of CNT/PDMS was also proved. SIGNIFICANCE These electrodes could be used to monitor EEG clinically, in ubiquitous health care and in brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Hoon Lee
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-100, Korea
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