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Li T, Li Y, Chen J, Nan M, Zhou X, Yang L, Xu W, Zhang C, Kong L. Hyperibone J exerts antidepressant effects by targeting ADK to inhibit microglial P2X7R/TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00298-4. [PMID: 39019111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antidepressant properties of Hypericum species are known. Hyperibone J, a principal component found in the flowers of Hypericum bellum, exhibited in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. However, the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of Hyperibone J remain to be elucidated. Adenosine kinase (ADK) is upregulated in epilepsy and depression and has been implicated in promoting neuroinflammation. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the impact of Hyperibone J on neuroinflammation-mediated depression and the mechanism underlying this impact. METHODS This study employed acute and chronic in vivo depression models and an in vitro LPS-induced depression model using BV-2 microglia. The in vivo antidepressant efficacy of Hyperibone J was assessed through behavioral assays. Techniques such as RNA-seq, western blot, qPCR and ELISA were utilized to elucidate the direct target and mechanism of action of Hyperibone J. RESULTS Compared with the model group, depression-like behaviors were significantly alleviated in the Hyperibone J group. Furthermore, Hyperibone J mitigated hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. RNA-seq suggested that Hyperibone J predominantly influenced inflammation-related pathways. In vitro experiments revealed that Hyperibone J reversed the LPS-induced overexpression and release of inflammatory factors. Network pharmacology and various molecular biology experiments revealed that the potential binding of Hyperibone J at the ASN-312 site of ADK diminished the stability and protein expression of ADK. Mechanistic studies revealed that Hyperibone J attenuated the ADK/ATP/P2X7R/Caspase-1-mediated maturation and release of IL-1β. The study also revealed a significant correlation between Tlr4 expression and depression-like behaviors in mice. Hyperibone J downregulated ADK, inhibiting Tlr4 transcription, which in turn reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB and the subsequent transcription of Nlrp3, Il-1b, Tnf, and Il-6. CONCLUSION Hyperibone J exerted antineuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects by binding to ADK in microglia, reducing its expression and thereby inhibiting the ATP/P2X7R/Caspase-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. This study provides experimental evidence for the therapeutic potential of Hypericum bellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinhu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Miaomiao Nan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Munk SHN, Merchut-Maya JM, Adelantado Rubio A, Hall A, Pappas G, Milletti G, Lee M, Johnsen LG, Guldberg P, Bartek J, Maya-Mendoza A. NAD + regulates nucleotide metabolism and genomic DNA replication. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1774-1786. [PMID: 37957325 PMCID: PMC10709141 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The intricate orchestration of enzymatic activities involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and preserving genomic integrity. As a co-enzyme, NAD+ plays a key role in regulating metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and Kreb's cycle. ADP-ribosyltransferases (PARPs) and sirtuins rely on NAD+ to mediate post-translational modifications of target proteins. The activation of PARP1 in response to DNA breaks leads to rapid depletion of cellular NAD+ compromising cell viability. Therefore, the levels of NAD+ must be tightly regulated. Here we show that exogenous NAD+, but not its precursors, has a direct effect on mitochondrial activity. Short-term incubation with NAD+ boosts Kreb's cycle and the electron transport chain and enhances pyrimidine biosynthesis. Extended incubation with NAD+ results in depletion of pyrimidines, accumulation of purines, activation of the replication stress response and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, a combination of NAD+ and 5-fluorouridine selectively kills cancer cells that rely on de novo pyrimidine synthesis. We propose an integrated model of how NAD+ regulates nucleotide metabolism, with relevance to healthspan, ageing and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arnaldur Hall
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Pappas
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Milletti
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - MyungHee Lee
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Per Guldberg
- Molecular Diagnostics Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Jafari Gandomani S, Soleimani M, Fayazmilani R. Evaluation of the c-Fos expression in the hippocampus after fatigue caused by one session of endurance exercise in pre-pubertal and adult rats. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37812039 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2269471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Central fatigue plays an important role in reducing endurance exercise activity during brain development. c-Fos gene expression in the hippocampus was examined as an indicator of neuronal activation after exhaustion. METHODS Eighteen pre-pubertal male rats at four weeks old and 18 adult rats at eight weeks were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C), Constant time exercise (CTEx), Endurance Exercise until Exhaustion (ExhEx), which started at two minutes and ended in 20 min, the main swimming test was performed with a weight equal to 5% of the bodyweight attached to the rats' tail as a single session in experimental groups and was recorded at the end of their time, while to evaluate the force loss, the Grip strength was measured before and after the activity. The brain activation rate was examined by c-Fos gene expression and Nissl staining in CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus of all groups. RESULTS Power grip and Nissl positive neurons in CA3 and DG have been significantly higher in pre-pubertal rats than in adults, both in the CTEx group (p = 0.04) and in the ExhEx group (p < 0.001). Also, real-time exhaustion in the pre-pubertal group was significantly longer than in adults. c-Fos gene expression was significantly reduced in adults' hippocampus in comparison to preadolescence (p < 0.01) and control (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These findings clarified that increased strength and longer fatigue in pre-puberal rats may lead to c-Fos gene expression and decreased neurons in the hippocampus. Perhaps this is a protective effect to suppress stress hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jafari Gandomani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Fayazmilani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Nguyen ATN, Tran QL, Baltos JA, McNeill SM, Nguyen DTN, May LT. Small molecule allosteric modulation of the adenosine A 1 receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184360. [PMID: 37435481 PMCID: PMC10331460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the target for approximately a third of FDA-approved small molecule drugs. The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), one of four adenosine GPCR subtypes, has important (patho)physiological roles in humans. A1R has well-established roles in the regulation of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, where it has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for a number of conditions, including cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, cognition, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain. A1R small molecule drugs, typically orthosteric ligands, have undergone clinical trials. To date, none have progressed into the clinic, predominantly due to dose-limiting unwanted effects. The development of A1R allosteric modulators that target a topographically distinct binding site represent a promising approach to overcome current limitations. Pharmacological parameters of allosteric ligands, including affinity, efficacy and cooperativity, can be optimized to regulate A1R activity with high subtype, spatial and temporal selectivity. This review aims to offer insights into the A1R as a potential therapeutic target and highlight recent advances in the structural understanding of A1R allosteric modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T. N. Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Quan L. Tran
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha M. McNeill
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diep T. N. Nguyen
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Neuroprotection of exercise: P2X4R and P2X7R regulate BDNF actions. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:297-303. [PMID: 35821455 PMCID: PMC9275535 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which acts as a transducer, is responsible for improving cerebral stroke, neuropathic pain, and depression. Exercise can alter extracellular nucleotide levels and purinergic receptors in central nervous system (CNS) structures. This inevitably activates or inhibits the expression of BDNF via purinergic receptors, particularly the P2X receptor (P2XR), to alleviate pathological progression. In addition, the significant involvement of sensitive P2X4R in mediating increased BDNF and p38-MAPK for intracerebral hemorrhage and pain hypersensitivity has been reported. Moreover, archetypal P2X7R blockade induces mouse antidepressant-like behavior and analgesia by BDNF release. This review summarizes BDNF-mediated neural effects via purinergic receptors, speculates that P2X4R and P2X7R could be priming molecules in exercise-mediated changes in BDNF, and provides strategies for the protective mechanism of exercise in neurogenic disease.
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Arida RM. Physical Exercise as a Strategy to Reduce Seizure Susceptibility. PHARMACORESISTANCE IN EPILEPSY 2023:453-477. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36526-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Yu WY, Yang QH, Wang XQ. The mechanism of exercise for pain management in Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1039302. [PMID: 36438185 PMCID: PMC9684336 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1039302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The research and clinical applications of exercise therapy to the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing. Pain is among the important symptoms affecting the daily motor function and quality of life of PD patients. This paper reviewed the progress of research on different exercise therapies for the management of pain caused by PD and described the role and mechanism of exercise therapy for pain relief. Aerobic exercise, strength exercise, and mind-body exercise play an effective role in pain management in PD patients. The pain suffered by PD patients is divided into central neuropathic, peripheral neuropathic, and nociceptive pain. Different types of pain may coexist with different mechanistic backgrounds and treatments. The analgesic mechanisms of exercise intervention in PD-induced pain include altered cortical excitability and synaptic plasticity, the attenuation of neuronal apoptosis, and dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic analgesic pathways, as well as the inhibition of oxidative stress. Current studies related to exercise interventions for PD-induced pain suffer from small sample sizes and inadequate research of analgesic mechanisms. The neurophysiological effects of exercise, such as neuroplasticity, attenuation of neuronal apoptosis, and dopaminergic analgesic pathway provide a sound biological mechanism for using exercise in pain management. However, large, well-designed randomized controlled trials with improved methods and reporting are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy for PD pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ye Yu
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Hao Yang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangtishang Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Neuronal gating of tactile input and sleep in 10-month-old infants at typical and elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14188. [PMID: 35986046 PMCID: PMC9391390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) emerge early in development, yet the origin remains unclear. Here, we characterise developmental trajectories in sleep onset latency (SOL) and night awakenings in infants at elevated likelihood (EL) for ASD (who have an older sibling with ASD) and infants at typical likelihood (TL) for ASD. Further, we test whether the ability to gate tactile input, using an EEG tactile suppression index (TSI), associates with variation in SOL and night awakenings. Parent-reported night awakenings and SOL from 124 infants (97 at EL for ASD) at 5, 10 and 14 months were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Compared to TL infants, infants at EL had significantly more awakenings and longer SOL at 10 and 14 months. The TSI predicted SOL concurrently at 10 months, independent of ASD likelihood status, but not longitudinally at 14 months. The TSI did not predict night awakenings concurrently or longitudinally. These results imply that infants at EL for ASD wake up more frequently during the night and take longer to fall asleep from 10 months of age. At 10 months, sensory gating predicts SOL, but not night awakenings, suggesting sensory gating differentially affects neural mechanisms of sleep initiation and maintenance.
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Lau PH, Carney AE, Marway OS, Carmona NE, Amestoy M, Carney CE. Investigating the Antidepressant Effects of CBT-I in Those with Major Depressive and Insomnia Disorders. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Selvanathan J, Tang NKY, Peng PWH, Chung F. Sleep and pain: relationship, mechanisms, and managing sleep disturbance in the chronic pain population. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2022; 60:27-34. [PMID: 35261343 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janannii Selvanathan
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole K Y Tang
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Philip W H Peng
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Chung
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Xu C, Gong Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. New advances in pharmacoresistant epilepsy towards precise management-from prognosis to treatments. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108026. [PMID: 34718071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy, one of the most severe neurological diseases, is characterized by abrupt recurrent seizures. Despite great progress in the development of antiseizure drugs (ASDs) based on diverse molecular targets, more than one third of epilepsy patients still show resistance to ASDs, a condition termed pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The management of pharmacoresistant epilepsy involves serious challenges. In the past decade, promising advances have been made in the use of interdisciplinary techniques involving biophysics, bioinformatics, biomaterials and biochemistry, which allow more precise prognosis and development of drug target for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Notably, novel experimental tools such as viral vector gene delivery, optogenetics and chemogenetics have provided a framework for promising approaches to the precise treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. In this review, historical achievements especially recent advances of the past decade in the prognosis and treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy from both clinical and laboratory settings are presented and summarized. We propose that the further development of novel experimental tools at cellular or molecular levels with both temporal and spatial precision are necessary to make improve the management and drug development for pharmacoresistant epilepsy in the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenglin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Roig M, Cristini J, Parwanta Z, Ayotte B, Rodrigues L, de Las Heras B, Nepveu JF, Huber R, Carrier J, Steib S, Youngstedt SD, Wright DL. Exercising the Sleepy-ing Brain: Exercise, Sleep, and Sleep Loss on Memory. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 50:38-48. [PMID: 34669627 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We examine the novel hypothesis that physical exercise and sleep have synergistic effects on memory. Exercise can trigger mechanisms that can create an optimal brain state during sleep to facilitate memory processing. The possibility that exercise could counteract the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on memory by protecting neuroplasticity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Roig
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, Laval, Canada. School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Integrative Program of Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Human Movement, Training and Active Aging Department, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Heidelberg University, Germany. College of Nursing and Health Innovation and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Aguiar AS, Speck AE, Canas PM, Cunha RA. Deletion of CD73 increases exercise power in mice. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:393-397. [PMID: 34216353 PMCID: PMC8254058 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase or CD73 is the main source of extracellular adenosine involved in the activation of adenosine A2A receptors, responsible for the ergogenic effects of caffeine. We now investigated the role of CD73 in exercise by comparing female wild-type (WT) and CD73 knockout (KO) mice in a treadmill-graded test to evaluate running power, oxygen uptake (V̇O2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) - the gold standards characterizing physical performance. Spontaneous locomotion in the open field and submaximal running power and V̇O2 in the treadmill were similar between CD73-KO and WT mice; V̇O2max also demonstrated equivalent aerobic power, but CD73-KO mice displayed a 43.7 ± 4.2% larger critical power (large effect size, P < 0.05) and 3.8 ± 0.4% increase of maximum RER (small effect size, P < 0.05). Thus, KO of CD73 was ergogenic; i.e., it increased physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderbal S Aguiar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Biology of Exercise Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, , Santa Catarina, 88905-120, Brazil.
| | - Ana Elisa Speck
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Biology of Exercise Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, , Santa Catarina, 88905-120, Brazil
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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Barzroodi Pour M, Bayat M, Navazesh A, Soleimani M, Karimzadeh F. Exercise Improved the Anti-Epileptic Effect of Carbamazepine through GABA Enhancement in Epileptic Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2112-2130. [PMID: 34008120 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant drug that usually is used for the treatment of seizures. The anti-epileptic and the anti-epileptogenic effect of exercise has been reported, as well. This study was aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of combined therapy of exercise and CBZ in epileptic rats, as well as the alternation of the GABA pathway as a possible involved mechanism. The seizure was induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection. Animals were divided into sham, seizure, exercise (EX), CBZ (25, 50 and 75), EX + CBZ (25, 50 and 75). Treadmill forced running for 30 min has been considered as the exercise 5 days per week for four weeks. CBZ was injected in doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, half an hour before seizure induction and 5 h after doing exercise in the animals forced to exercise. Seizure severity reduced and latency increased in the EX + CBZ (25) and EX + CBZ (50) groups compared to the seizure group. The distribution of GAD65 in both hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas increased in the EX + CBZ (75) group. GABAA receptor α1 was up-regulated in the CA3 area of the EX + CBZ (75) group. The distribution of GAD65 in the cortical area increased in EX, EX + CBZ (50), CBZ (75) and EX + CBZ (75) groups. GABAA receptor α1 was up-regulated in the neocortex of EX + CBZ (50), CBZ (75) and EX + CBZ (75) groups. Our findings suggested that exercise has improved the efficacy of CBZ and reduced the anti-epileptic dose. The enhancement of GABA signaling might be involved in the synergistic effect of exercise and CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Barzroodi Pour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Bayat
- Department of Anatomy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azam Navazesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Karimzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Beamer E, Lacey A, Alves M, Conte G, Tian F, de Diego-Garcia L, Khalil M, Rosenow F, Delanty N, Dale N, El-Naggar H, Henshall DC, Engel T. Elevated blood purine levels as a biomarker of seizures and epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:817-828. [PMID: 33599287 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a major unmet need for a molecular biomarker of seizures or epilepsy that lends itself to fast, affordable detection in an easy-to-use point-of-care device. Purines such as adenosine triphosphate and adenosine are potent neuromodulators released during excessive neuronal activity that are also present in biofluids. Their biomarker potential for seizures and epilepsy in peripheral blood has, however, not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether blood purine nucleoside measurements can serve as a biomarker for the recent occurrence of seizures and to support the diagnosis of epilepsy. METHODS Blood purine concentrations were measured via a point-of-care diagnostic technology based on the summated electrochemical detection of adenosine and adenosine breakdown products (inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine; SMARTChip). Measurements of blood purine concentrations were carried out using samples from mice subjected to intra-amygdala kainic acid-induced status epilepticus and in video-electroencephalogram (EEG)-monitored adult patients with epilepsy. RESULTS In mice, blood purine concentrations were rapidly increased approximately two- to threefold after status epilepticus (2.32 ± .40 µmol·L-1 [control] vs. 8.93 ± 1.03 µmol·L-1 [after status epilepticus]), and levels correlated with seizure burden and postseizure neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Blood purine concentrations were also elevated in patients with video-EEG-diagnosed epilepsy (2.39 ± .34 µmol·L-1 [control, n = 13] vs. 4.35 ± .38 µmol·L-1 [epilepsy, n = 26]). SIGNIFICANCE Our data provide proof of concept that the measurement of blood purine concentrations may offer a rapid, low-volume bedside test to support the diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Beamer
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Austin Lacey
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giorgia Conte
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Faming Tian
- Sarissa Biomedical, Coventry, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Laura de Diego-Garcia
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohamed Khalil
- Neurological Services, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Marburg, Germany.,Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt on the Main, Germany
| | - Norman Delanty
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Neurological Services, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Dale
- Sarissa Biomedical, Coventry, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hany El-Naggar
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,Neurological Services, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Taillard J, Sagaspe P, Philip P, Bioulac S. Sleep timing, chronotype and social jetlag: Impact on cognitive abilities and psychiatric disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Kim DE, Roberts TJ, Moon C. Relationships among types of activity engagement and insomnia symptoms among older adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:87. [PMID: 33516192 PMCID: PMC7847011 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing awareness exists that lack of activity engagement is associated with insomnia symptoms. However, the majority of studies have focused on the association between a single type of activity engagement and insomnia symptoms. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Health and Retirement Study examining the relationships among different types of activity engagement and insomnia symptoms among older adults. The sample for this study included 3321 older adults who responded to survey modules on activity engagement and insomnia symptoms in 2016. Activity engagement was measured using items for three types of activities (i.e., social, cognitive, and physical) validated in this study. Insomnia symptoms were measured using four items (i.e., difficulty of falling asleep, waking up during the night, waking up too early, and feeling rested). Independent t-tests were conducted to identify the differences in insomnia symptoms according to activity engagement level. Regressions were conducted to examine the associations among three types of activity engagement and insomnia symptoms after adjusting for covariates such as demographics, chronic disease, activities of daily living difficulty, cognitive function, sleep disorder, loneliness, and caregiving. Results The respondents in the high-level social, cognitive, and physical activity engagement groups were found to show fewer insomnia symptoms. Furthermore, higher social (β = − 0.04, p = 0.040) and cognitive (β = − 0.06, p = 0.007) activity engagements were associated with fewer insomnia symptoms even after adjusting for other types of activity engagement and all covariates. Conclusions This study suggests that older adults with higher social and cognitive activity engagements may be likely to have fewer insomnia symptoms. Based on these results, future research is needed to develop multi-component intervention programs that can encourage older adults to engage in these activities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02042-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Kim
- College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tonya J Roberts
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chooza Moon
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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18
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Pereira DC, Fonseca FDS, Elsangedy HM. What is the effect of vigorous exercise on the brain? MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420210000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Tan X, van Egmond LT, Cedernaes J, Benedict C. The role of exercise-induced peripheral factors in sleep regulation. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101096. [PMID: 33045432 PMCID: PMC7585947 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrently disrupted sleep is a widespread phenomenon in our society. This is worrisome as chronically impaired sleep increases the risk of numerous diseases that place a heavy burden on health services worldwide, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, depression, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. Therefore, strategies mitigating the current societal sleep crisis are needed. SCOPE OF REVIEW Observational and interventional studies have found that regular moderate to intensive exercise is associated with better subjective and objective sleep in humans, with and without pre-existing sleep disturbances. Here, we summarize recent findings from clinical studies in humans and animal experiments suggesting that molecules that are expressed, produced, and released by the skeletal muscle in response to exercise may contribute to the sleep-improving effects of exercise. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Exercise-induced skeletal muscle recruitment increases blood concentrations of signaling molecules, such as the myokine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has been shown to increase the depth of sleep in animals. As reviewed herein, BDNF and other muscle-induced factors are likely to contribute to the sleep-promoting effects of exercise. Despite progress in the field, however, several fundamental questions remain. For example, one central question concerns the optimal time window for exercise to promote sleep. It is also unknown whether the production of muscle-induced peripheral factors promoting sleep is altered by acute and chronic sleep disturbances, which has become increasingly common in the modern 24/7 lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Arida RM. Physical exercise and seizure activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165979. [PMID: 32980461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic therapies have been extensively investigated for epilepsy prevention and treatment. This review gives an overview of the promising contribution of the ketogenic diet, a complementary treatment, on the intestinal microbiota to reduce seizure susceptibility. Next, the relevance of physical exercise is extensively addressed as a complementary therapy to reduce seizure susceptibility, and thereby impact beneficially on the epilepsy condition. In this context, particular attention is given to the potential risks and benefits of physical exercise, possible precipitant factors related to exercise and proposed mechanisms by which exercise can reduce seizures, and its antiepileptogenic effects. Finally, this review points to emerging evidence of exercise reducing comorbidities from epilepsy and improving the quality of life of people with epilepsy. Based on evidence from current literature, physical or sport activities represent a potential non-pharmacological intervention that can be integrated with conventional therapy for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Negele L, Flexeder C, Koletzko S, Bauer CP, von Berg A, Berdel D, Schikowski T, Standl M, Peters A, Schulz H. Association between objectively assessed physical activity and sleep quality in adolescence. Results from the GINIplus and LISA studies. Sleep Med 2020; 72:65-74. [PMID: 32554326 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Population-based studies on the association of objectively assessed physical activity (PA) with sleep among adolescents are rare. We examined this association by applying accelerometry and accounting for the day-by-day variability. METHODS Accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X) were worn for one week by 1223 participants during the 15-year follow-up of the German birth cohorts (German infant study on the Influence of Nutrition Intervention plus air pollution and genetics on allergy development, GINIplus) and (Influence of Lifestyle factors on the development of the Immune System and Allergies in East and West Germany, LISA) to measure PA and sleep. PA was categorised into sedentary, lifestyle and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) referring to Sasaki and Romanzini. Sleep was analysed according to the algorithm developed by Sadeh. Sleep quality was represented by sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL) and time awake per hour after sleep onset (TAPH). Sleep and activity were additionally reported by diaries. Linear and generalized mixed-effects-models with logit-link with subject specific random intercepts were used stratified by sex and adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Physical activity appears to be associated only with sleep quality the following night. Among female participants, SE improved (β = 0.12 [95% CI = (0.05; 0.18)]) per 10 minutes increase of MVPA. SOL decreased (OR = 0.83 [95% CI = (0.69; 0.99)]) among male participants with at least 60 min of MVPA per day. Engaging in leisure sport MVPA was associated with higher SE among female (β = 0.70 [95% CI = (0.22; 1.17)]) and male participants (β = 0.76 [95% CI = (0.18; 1.34)]). Also, TAPH among female (β = -0.37 [95% CI = (-0.65; -0.09)]) and SOL among male subjects (OR = 0.70 [95% CI = (0.57; 0.85)]) decreased. Increasing lifestyle activity was related to longer SOL among female (OR = 1.36 [95% CI = (1.15; 1.62)]) and male subjects (OR = 1.32 [95% CI = (1.10; 1.58)]). CONCLUSIONS In this large population-based sample of German adolescents MVPA and leisure sport improved short term sleep quality, supporting regular PA in adolescents for their health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Negele
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Carl-Peter Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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22
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Saidi O, Rochette E, Bovet M, Merlin E, Duché P. Acute intense exercise improves sleep and decreases next morning consumption of energy-dense food in adolescent girls with obesity and evening chronotype. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12613. [PMID: 32020733 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adolescence and obesity are related to impaired sleep duration and quality, exercise was admitted as a nonpharmacological treatment for sleep and better control of energy balance. OBJECTIVES To investigate the acute effects of intense exercise on sleep and subsequent dietary intake. METHODS Sixteen adolescent girls with obesity (age 13.7 ± 1.1 years, weight 82.7 ± 10.2 kg, body mass index (BMI) 30.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2 , fat mass (FM) 39.2 ± 3.1%, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 8.6 ± 2.8, paediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS) 19.6 ± 5.9) took part in two experimental sessions in a random order: Control (CTL) and Exercise (EX). The two sessions were identical except for a continuous ergocycle exercise bout lasting 40 minutes and performed at 70% VO2max at the end of the morning of EX. Energy expenditure and sleep were measured by accelerometry and next-morning dietary intake in an ad libitum meal. RESULTS Higher sleep duration (P < 0.03) and quality (decreased WASO: P < 0.02; increased SE%: P < 0.02) were observed in EX compared with CTL. This was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in caloric intake (-78 kcal) and a significant decrease in food energy density (P < 0.04), fat, and sugar consumption (respectively, P < 0.02 and P < 0.05) the following morning. CONCLUSIONS Acute exercise efficaciously increased sleep duration and quality, resulting in a decrease in subsequent energy-dense food consumption in adolescent girls with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pédiatrie, Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé (IAPS), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Mathieu Bovet
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Merlin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pédiatrie, Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratoire Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé (IAPS), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
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23
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Saidi O, Davenne D, Lehorgne C, Duché P. Effects of timing of moderate exercise in the evening on sleep and subsequent dietary intake in lean, young, healthy adults: randomized crossover study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1551-1562. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Lusardi TA, Lytle NK, Gebril HM, Boison D. Effects of Preinjury and Postinjury Exposure to Caffeine in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2020; 10:12-24. [PMID: 32181443 PMCID: PMC7071069 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lethal apnea is a significant cause of acute mortality following a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is associated with a surge of adenosine, which also suppresses respiratory function in the brainstem. Methods and Materials: This study examined the acute and chronic effects of caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, on acute mortality and morbidity after fluid percussion injury. Results: We demonstrate that, regardless of preinjury caffeine exposure, an acute bolus of caffeine given immediately following the injury dosedependently prevented lethal apnea and has no detrimental effects on motor performance following sublethal injuries. Finally, we demonstrate that chronic caffeine treatment after injury, but not caffeine withdrawal, impairs recovery of motor function. Conclusions: Preexposure of the injured brain to caffeine does not have a major impact on acute and delayed outcome parameters; more importantly, a single acute dose of caffeine after the injury can prevent lethal apnea regardless of chronic caffeine preexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A. Lusardi
- School of Medicine Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, LRI, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nikki K. Lytle
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, LRI, Portland, Oregon
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Hoda M. Gebril
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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25
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Exercise-Induced Adaptations to the Mouse Striatal Adenosine System. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:5859098. [PMID: 32399024 PMCID: PMC7204111 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5859098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine acts as a key regulator of striatum activity, in part, through the antagonistic modulation of dopamine activity. Exercise can increase adenosine activity in the brain, which may impair dopaminergic functions in the striatum. Therefore, long-term repeated bouts of exercise may subsequently generate plasticity in striatal adenosine systems in a manner that promotes dopaminergic activity. This study investigated the effects of long-term voluntary wheel running on adenosine 1 (A1R), adenosine 2A (A2AR), dopamine 1 (D1R), and dopamine 2 (D2R) receptor protein expression in adult mouse dorsal and ventral striatum structures using immunohistochemistry. In addition, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) protein expression was examined after wheel running, as ENT1 regulates the bidirectional flux of adenosine between intra- and extracellular space. The results suggest that eight weeks of running wheel access spared age-related increases of A1R and A2AR protein concentrations across the dorsal and ventral striatal structures. Wheel running mildly reduced ENT1 protein levels in ventral striatum subregions. Moreover, wheel running mildly increased D2R protein density within striatal subregions in the dorsal medial striatum, nucleus accumbens core, and the nucleus accumbens shell. However, D1R protein expression in the striatum was unchanged by wheel running. These data suggest that exercise promotes adaptations to striatal adenosine systems. Exercise-reduced A1R and A2AR and exercise-increased D2R protein levels may contribute to improved dopaminergic signaling in the striatum. These findings may have implications for cognitive and behavioral processes, as well as motor and psychiatric diseases that involve the striatum.
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Martin K, Meeusen R, Thompson KG, Keegan R, Rattray B. Mental Fatigue Impairs Endurance Performance: A Physiological Explanation. Sports Med 2019; 48:2041-2051. [PMID: 29923147 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mental fatigue reflects a change in psychobiological state, caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. It has been well documented that mental fatigue impairs cognitive performance; however, more recently, it has been demonstrated that endurance performance is also impaired by mental fatigue. The mechanism behind the detrimental effect of mental fatigue on endurance performance is poorly understood. Variables traditionally believed to limit endurance performance, such as heart rate, lactate accumulation and neuromuscular function, are unaffected by mental fatigue. Rather, it has been suggested that the negative impact of mental fatigue on endurance performance is primarily mediated by the greater perception of effort experienced by mentally fatigued participants. Pageaux et al. (Eur J Appl Physiol 114(5):1095-1105, 2014) first proposed that prolonged performance of a demanding cognitive task increases cerebral adenosine accumulation and that this accumulation may lead to the higher perception of effort experienced during subsequent endurance performance. This theoretical review looks at evidence to support and extend this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Martin
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Human Performance Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin G Thompson
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Keegan
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ben Rattray
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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27
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Alves DGL, Rocha SG, Andrade EV, Mendes AZ, Cunha ÂGJ. The positive impact of physical activity on the reduction of anxiety scores: a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:434-440. [PMID: 30994844 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.3.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare anxiety scores between physical activity practitioners and sedentary, men and women and to relate them to physical activity frequency and age. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 256 regular aerobic physical activity practitioners was compared to a sample of 256 sedentary individuals (control group). Anxiety scores were quantified by Anxiety Inventory Spielberger State-Trait (STAI). The scores of the groups were compared using the Student t-test and chi-square test for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. The correlation between scores of different variables was performed using the Pearson test. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the average anxiety scores (p <0.001) and the chi-square test proved there is a higher prevalence of severe anxiety (p <0.001) in the sedentary group. Age did not correlate with worse anxiety scores (p <0.05). Comparing by gender, women had a higher prevalence of intense anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who engage in regular physical activity have lower levels of anxiety, and both sexes are benefited with the anxiolytic potential of physical activity. Therefore, this study proved that the Roman poet Juvenal was right, and his expression "Mens sana in corpore sano," could also be interpreted in the opposite direction, i.e., a healthy body correlates with a healthy mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Gonçalves Lima Alves
- Academics in the Medical Program of the Metropolitan Institute of Higher Education/IMES - Univaço, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Sílvia Gabrielli Rocha
- Academics in the Medical Program of the Metropolitan Institute of Higher Education/IMES - Univaço, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Evandro Vitor Andrade
- Academics in the Medical Program of the Metropolitan Institute of Higher Education/IMES - Univaço, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Augusto Zbonik Mendes
- Academics in the Medical Program of the Metropolitan Institute of Higher Education/IMES - Univaço, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ângelo Geraldo José Cunha
- Professor of the Medical Program of the Metropolitan Institute of Higher Education/IMES - Univaço, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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28
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Moreno JP, Crowley SJ, Alfano CA, Hannay KM, Thompson D, Baranowski T. Potential circadian and circannual rhythm contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:25. [PMID: 30845969 PMCID: PMC6404311 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Children gain weight at an accelerated rate during summer, contributing to increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in elementary-school children (i.e., approximately 5 to 11 years old in the US). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 14:100, 2017 explained these changes with the "Structured Days Hypothesis" suggesting that environmental changes in structure between the school year and the summer months result in behavioral changes that ultimately lead to accelerated weight gain. The present article explores an alternative explanation, the circadian clock, including the effects of circannual changes and social demands (i.e., social timing resulting from societal demands such as school or work schedules), and implications for seasonal patterns of weight gain. We provide a model for understanding the role circadian and circannual rhythms may play in the development of child obesity, a framework for examining the intersection of behavioral and biological causes of obesity, and encouragement for future research into bio-behavioral causes of obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennette P. Moreno
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Stephanie J. Crowley
- Biological Rhythm Research Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Candice A. Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston (SACH), Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kevin M. Hannay
- Department of Mathematics, Schreiner University, Kerrville, TX USA
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Baranowski T, Motil KJ, Moreno JP. Multi-etiological Perspective on Child Obesity Prevention. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 8:10.1007/s13668-019-0256-3. [PMID: 30649714 PMCID: PMC6635107 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The simple energy balance model of obesity is inconsistent with the available findings on obesity etiology, prevention, and treatment. Yet, the most commonly stated causes of pediatric obesity are predicated on this model. A more comprehensive biological model is needed upon which to base behavioral interventions aimed at obesity prevention. In this light, alternative etiologies are little investigated and thereby poorly understood. RECENT FINDINGS Three candidate alternate etiologies are briefly presented: infectobesity, the gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms. Behavioral child obesity preventive investigators need to collaborate with biological colleagues to more intensively analyze the behavioral aspects of these etiologies and to generate innovative procedures for preventing a multi-etiological problem, e.g., group risk analysis, triaging for likely causes of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Kathleen J Motil
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennette P Moreno
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Attenuation of pentylenetrazole-induced acute status epilepticus in rats by adenosine involves inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Neuroreport 2018; 28:1016-1021. [PMID: 28902712 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) has been characterized as an endogenous anticonvulsant and alternative therapeutic drug, but its mechanism is not entirely clear. This study aimed to examine the relationship of ADO with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a Wistar rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute status epilepticus. ADO (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before PTZ (55-65 mg/kg) treatment, and Western blot assays and immunohistochemistry were performed 3 h after the onset of acute status epilepticus to detect phospho-TOR and the downstream target of mTOR, phospho-S6. The expression of these phosphoproteins in the hippocampus was significantly increased in PTZ-treated rats, but this increase was attenuated by the addition of ADO. To further verify a role for ADO in attenuating mTOR activity, we also evaluated its ability to suppress mTOR activity in normal rats that were not treated with PTZ. Our results suggest that ADO suppresses mTOR and S6 phosphorylation in normal rats and that this suppression can be reversed by the application of Compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase, which functions as an upstream suppressor of the mTOR pathway. Thus, our results provide a novel antiepileptic mechanism for ADO in suppressing mTOR pathway activation upon PTZ-induced acute status epilepticus.
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Martínez-Domínguez SJ, Lajusticia H, Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR. The effect of programmed exercise over anxiety symptoms in midlife and older women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Climacteric 2018; 21:123-131. [PMID: 29309207 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1415321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to clarify the effect of programmed exercise over mild-to-moderate anxiety symptoms (ASs) in midlife and older women. A structured search of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scielo, and the US, UK and Australian Clinical Trials databases (from inception through July 27, 2017) was performed, with no language restriction using the following terms: 'anxiety', 'anxiety symptoms', 'exercise', 'physical activity', 'menopause', and 'randomized controlled trial' (RCTs) in mid-aged and older women. We assessed RCTs that compared the effect of exercise for at least 6 weeks versus no intervention over ASs as outcome (as defined by trial authors). Exercise was classified according to duration as 'mid-term exercise intervention' (MTEI; for 12 weeks to 4 months), and 'long-term exercise intervention' (LTEI; for 6-14 months). Mean ± standard deviations of changes for ASs, as assessed with different questionnaires, were extracted to calculate Hedges' g and then used as effect size for meta-analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of ASs after intervention were pooled using a random-effects model. Ten publications were included for analysis related to 1463 midlife and older women (minimum age 54.2 ± 3.5 and maximum age 77.6 ± 5.4 years). Eight MTEIs were associated with a significant reduction of ASs (SMD = -0.42; 95% CI -0.81 to -0.02) as compared to controls. There was no reduction of ASs in seven LTEIs (SMD = -0.03; 95% CI -0.18 to 0.13). It can be concluded that MTEIs of low-to-moderate intensity seem to improve mild-moderate ASs in midlife and older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Martínez-Domínguez
- a Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Zaragoza & Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS) , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - H Lajusticia
- a Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Zaragoza & Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS) , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - P Chedraui
- b Institute of Biomedicine, Research Area for Women's Health, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil , Guayaquil , Ecuador.,c Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Católica 'Nuestra Señora de la Asunción' , Asunción , Paraguay
| | - F R Pérez-López
- a Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Zaragoza & Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS) , Zaragoza , Spain.,d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Lozano-Blesa University Hospital , Zaragoza , Spain
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Moreno CL, Mobbs CV. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying lifespan and age-related effects of dietary restriction and the ketogenic diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:33-40. [PMID: 27884781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging constitutes the central risk factor for major diseases including many forms of cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. The aging process is characterized by both global and tissue-specific changes in gene expression across taxonomically diverse species. While aging has historically been thought to entail cell-autonomous, even stochastic changes, recent evidence suggests that modulation of this process can be hierarchal, wherein manipulations of nutrient-sensing neurons (e.g., in the hypothalamus) produce peripheral effects that may modulate the aging process itself. The most robust intervention extending lifespan, plausibly impinging on the aging process, involves different modalities of dietary restriction (DR). Lifespan extension by DR is associated with broad protection against diseases (natural and engineered). Here we review potential epigenetic processes that may link lifespan to age-related diseases, particularly in the context of DR and (other) ketogenic diets, focusing on brain and hypothalamic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar L Moreno
- Department of Neurology, 1470 Madison Ave., 9-119, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles V Mobbs
- Departments of Neuroscience, Endocrinology, and Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., 9-119, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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de Lima C, Arida RM, Andersen ML, Polesel DN, de Alvarenga TAF, Vancini RL, Matos G, Tufik S. Effects of acute physical exercise in the light phase of sleep in rats with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2017; 136:54-61. [PMID: 28772197 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the influence of an acute exercise session on sleep pattern in rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control (C); acute exercise (EX); epilepsy (E) and epilepsy acute exercise (EEX). Two sleep electrocorticography recordings were performed during the light phase [baseline and day 2 (after the acute physical exercise session)]. After baseline recording, the exercise groups (EX and EEX) were submitted to an exercise session on a motor-driven treadmill at 12m/min for 30min. Twelve hours later, the rats were submitted to the second sleep recording. RESULTS At baseline, the E group showed a higher wakefulness and a lower Total sleep time, Slow Wave Sleep and REM sleep compared with the C group. After acute exercise, there was an increase in Total sleep time and Slow Wave Sleep and a decrease of wakefulness in EEX (+11.10%, +20.29% and -11.25%, respectively) and EX (+5.20%, +11.60% and -8.12%, respectively) groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acute physical exercise positively impacts the sleep pattern of rats with TLE, inducing a more consolidated sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano de Lima
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Matos
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Dworak M, Kim T, McCarley RW, Basheer R. Creatine supplementation reduces sleep need and homeostatic sleep pressure in rats. J Sleep Res 2017; 26:377-385. [PMID: 28397310 PMCID: PMC5435551 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep has been postulated to promote brain energy restoration. It is as yet unknown if increasing the energy availability within the brain reduces sleep need. The guanidine amino acid creatine (Cr) is a well-known energy booster in cellular energy homeostasis. Oral Cr-monohydrate supplementation (CS) increases exercise performance and has been shown to have substantial effects on cognitive performance, neuroprotection and circadian rhythms. The effect of CS on cellular high-energy molecules and sleep-wake behaviour is unclear. Here, we examined the sleep-wake behaviour and brain energy metabolism before and after 4-week-long oral administration of CS in the rat. CS decreased total sleep time and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep significantly during the light (inactive) but not during the dark (active) period. NREM sleep and NREM delta activity were decreased significantly in CS rats after 6 h of sleep deprivation. Biochemical analysis of brain energy metabolites showed a tendency to increase in phosphocreatine after CS, while cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level decreased. Microdialysis analysis showed that the sleep deprivation-induced increase in extracellular adenosine was attenuated after CS. These results suggest that CS reduces sleep need and homeostatic sleep pressure in rats, thereby indicating its potential in the treatment of sleep-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dworak
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Tae Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Robert W. McCarley
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Radhika Basheer
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, USA
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Mochcovitch MD, Deslandes AC, Freire RC, Garcia RF, Nardi AE. The effects of regular physical activity on anxiety symptoms in healthy older adults: a systematic review. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2017; 38:255-61. [PMID: 27579597 PMCID: PMC7194273 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Anxiety symptoms are common in older adults with or without anxiety disorders. Pharmacological options may be limited for these patients. Alternative treatments, such as physical activity (PA), are often indicated, although few trials have evaluated their efficacy. The aim of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of regular PA on improving anxiety symptoms in older adults without anxiety disorders. Potential neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and oxidative mechanisms, as well as cognitive factors to explain these effects are also discussed. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies, as well as case series including healthy previously sedentary older adults. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published in English, with no set time limits. Results: Eight studies evaluating the effect of PA on anxiety symptoms in healthy older adults were included in this review. In all studies, regular and supervised PA was directly related to decreased anxiety symptoms in older individuals. Conclusion: Regular PA may be effective for improving anxiety symptoms in older adults. More studies are needed to identify the ideal PA modality, frequency, duration, and intensity for optimizing the positive effects of exercise on anxiety in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Mochcovitch
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Deslandes
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael C Freire
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Garcia
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rouleau CR, Toivonen K, Aggarwal S, Arena R, Campbell TS. The association between insomnia symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in patients who complete outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Sleep Med 2017; 32:201-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Świątkiewicz M, Fiedorowicz M, Orzeł J, Wełniak-Kamińska M, Bogorodzki P, Langfort J, Grieb P. Increases in Brain 1H-MR Glutamine and Glutamate Signals Following Acute Exhaustive Endurance Exercise in the Rat. Front Physiol 2017; 8:19. [PMID: 28197103 PMCID: PMC5281557 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in ultra-high magnetic field can be used for non-invasive quantitative assessment of brain glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) in vivo. Glu, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is efficiently recycled between synapses and presynaptic terminals through Glu-Gln cycle which involves glutamine synthase confined to astrocytes, and uses 60–80% of energy in the resting human and rat brain. During voluntary or involuntary exercise many brain areas are significantly activated, which certainly intensifies Glu-Gln cycle. However, studies on the effects of exercise on 1H-MRS Glu and/or Gln signals from the brain provided divergent results. The present study on rats was performed to determine changes in 1H-MRS signals from three brain regions engaged in motor activity consequential to forced acute exercise to exhaustion. Method: After habituation to treadmill running, rats were subjected to acute treadmill exercise continued to exhaustion. Each animal participating in the study was subject to two identical imaging sessions performed under light isoflurane anesthesia, prior to, and following the exercise bout. In control experiments, two imaging sessions separated by the period of rest instead of exercise were performed. 1H-NMR spectra were recorded from the cerebellum, striatum, and hippocampus using a 7T small animal MR scanner. Results: Following exhaustive exercise statistically significant increases in the Gln and Glx signals were found in all three locations, whereas increases in the Glu signal were found in the cerebellum and hippocampus. In control experiments, no changes in 1H-MRS signals were found. Conclusion: Increase in glutamine signals from the brain areas engaged in motor activity may reflect a disequilibrium caused by increased turnover in the glutamate-glutamine cycle and a delay in the return of glutamine from astrocytes to neurons. Increased turnover of Glu-Gln cycle may be a result of functional activation caused by forced endurance exercise; the increased rate of ammonia detoxification may also contribute. Increases in glutamate in the cerebellum and hippocampus are suggestive of an anaplerotic increase in glutamate synthesis due to exercise-related stimulation of brain glucose uptake. The disequilibrium in the glutamate-glutamine cycle in brain areas activated during exercise may be a significant contributor to the central fatigue phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Świątkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Orzeł
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland; Faculty of Electronics, Warsaw University of TechnologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Wełniak-Kamińska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bogorodzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland; Faculty of Electronics, Warsaw University of TechnologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Józef Langfort
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
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Allen NE, Moloney N, van Vliet V, Canning CG. The Rationale for Exercise in the Management of Pain in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:229-39. [PMID: 25649828 PMCID: PMC4923748 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-140508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a distressing non-motor symptom experienced by up to 85% of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet it is often untreated. This pain is likely to be influenced by many factors, including the disease process, PD impairments as well as co-existing musculoskeletal and/or neuropathic pain conditions. Expert opinion recommends that exercise is included as one component of pain management programs; however, the effect of exercise on pain in this population is unclear. This review presents evidence describing the potential influence of exercise on the pain-related pathophysiological processes present in PD. Emerging evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that exercise might contribute to neuroplasticity and neuro-restoration by increasing brain neurotrophic factors, synaptic strength and angiogenesis, as well as stimulating neurogenesis and improving metabolism and the immune response. These changes may be beneficial in improving the central processing of pain. There is also evidence that exercise can activate both the dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic pain inhibitory pathways, suggesting that exercise may help to modulate the experience of pain in PD. Whilst clinical data on the effects of exercise for pain relief in people with PD are scarce, and are urgently needed, preliminary guidelines are presented for exercise prescription for the management of central neuropathic, peripheral neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Allen
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Carlin JL, Tosh DK, Xiao C, Piñol RA, Chen Z, Salvemini D, Gavrilova O, Jacobson KA, Reitman ML. Peripheral Adenosine A3 Receptor Activation Causes Regulated Hypothermia in Mice That Is Dependent on Central Histamine H1 Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:474-82. [PMID: 26606937 PMCID: PMC4746492 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine can induce hypothermia, as previously demonstrated for adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) agonists. Here we use the potent, specific A3AR agonists MRS5698, MRS5841, and MRS5980 to show that adenosine also induces hypothermia via the A3AR. The hypothermic effect of A3AR agonists is independent of A1AR activation, as the effect was fully intact in mice lacking A1AR but abolished in mice lacking A3AR. A3AR agonist-induced hypothermia was attenuated by mast cell granule depletion, demonstrating that the A3AR hypothermia is mediated, at least in part, via mast cells. Central agonist dosing had no clear hypothermic effect, whereas peripheral dosing of a non-brain-penetrant agonist caused hypothermia, suggesting that peripheral A3AR-expressing cells drive the hypothermia. Mast cells release histamine, and blocking central histamine H1 (but not H2 or H4) receptors prevented the hypothermia. The hypothermia was preceded by hypometabolism and mice with hypothermia preferred a cooler environmental temperature, demonstrating that the hypothermic state is a coordinated physiologic response with a reduced body temperature set point. Importantly, hypothermia is not required for the analgesic effects of A3AR agonists, which occur with lower agonist doses. These results support a mechanistic model for hypothermia in which A3AR agonists act on peripheral mast cells, causing histamine release, which stimulates central histamine H1 receptors to induce hypothermia. This mechanism suggests that A3AR agonists will probably not be useful for clinical induction of hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lea Carlin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
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Boison D, Aronica E. Comorbidities in Neurology: Is adenosine the common link? Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:18-34. [PMID: 25979489 PMCID: PMC4537378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities in Neurology represent a major conceptual and therapeutic challenge. For example, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a syndrome comprised of epileptic seizures and comorbid symptoms including memory and psychiatric impairment, depression, and sleep dysfunction. Similarly, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are accompanied by various degrees of memory dysfunction. Patients with AD have an increased likelihood for seizures, whereas all four conditions share certain aspects of psychosis, depression, and sleep dysfunction. This remarkable overlap suggests common pathophysiological mechanisms, which include synaptic dysfunction and synaptotoxicity, as well as glial activation and astrogliosis. Astrogliosis is linked to synapse function via the tripartite synapse, but astrocytes also control the availability of gliotransmitters and adenosine. Here we will specifically focus on the 'adenosine hypothesis of comorbidities' implying that astrocyte activation, via overexpression of adenosine kinase (ADK), induces a deficiency in the homeostatic tone of adenosine. We present evidence from patient-derived samples showing astrogliosis and overexpression of ADK as common pathological hallmark of epilepsy, AD, PD, and ALS. We discuss a transgenic 'comorbidity model', in which brain-wide overexpression of ADK and resulting adenosine deficiency produces a comorbid spectrum of seizures, altered dopaminergic function, attentional impairment, and deficits in cognitive domains and sleep regulation. We conclude that dysfunction of adenosine signaling is common in neurological conditions, that adenosine dysfunction can explain co-morbid phenotypes, and that therapeutic adenosine augmentation might be effective for the treatment of comorbid symptoms in multiple neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Boison
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen (SEIN) Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
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Suppiah HT, Low CY, Chia M. Effects of sports training on sleep characteristics of Asian adolescent athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1026673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Plante DT, Trksak GH, Jensen JE, Penetar DM, Ravichandran C, Riedner BA, Tartarini WL, Dorsey CM, Renshaw PF, Lukas SE, Harper DG. Gray matter-specific changes in brain bioenergetics after acute sleep deprivation: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 4 Tesla. Sleep 2014; 37:1919-27. [PMID: 25325507 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES A principal function of sleep may be restoration of brain energy metabolism caused by the energetic demands of wakefulness. Because energetic demands in the brain are greater in gray than white matter, this study used linear mixed-effects models to examine tissue-type specific changes in high-energy phosphates derived using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) after sleep deprivation and recovery sleep. DESIGN Experimental laboratory study. SETTING Outpatient neuroimaging center at a private psychiatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 32 MRS scans performed in eight healthy individuals (mean age 35 y; range 23-51 y). INTERVENTIONS Phosphocreatine (PCr) and β-nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) were measured using 31P MRS three dimensional-chemical shift imaging at high field (4 Tesla) after a baseline night of sleep, acute sleep deprivation (SD), and 2 nights of recovery sleep. Novel linear mixed-effects models were constructed using spectral and tissue segmentation data to examine changes in bioenergetics in gray and white matter. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS PCr increased in gray matter after 2 nights of recovery sleep relative to SD with no significant changes in white matter. Exploratory analyses also demonstrated that increases in PCr were associated with increases in electroencephalographic slow wave activity during recovery sleep. No significant changes in β-NTP were observed. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that sleep deprivation and subsequent recovery-induced changes in high-energy phosphates primarily occur in gray matter, and increases in PCr after recovery sleep may be related to sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Plante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - George H Trksak
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Lab, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Sleep Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J Eric Jensen
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David M Penetar
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Lab, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Sleep Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caitlin Ravichandran
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA: Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Brady A Riedner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | | | - Cynthia M Dorsey
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Sleep Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott E Lukas
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Lab, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Sleep Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David G Harper
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA: Geriatric Psychiatry Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
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Clark PJ, Ghasem PR, Mika A, Day HE, Herrera JJ, Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Wheel running alters patterns of uncontrollable stress-induced cfos mRNA expression in rat dorsal striatum direct and indirect pathways: A possible role for plasticity in adenosine receptors. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:252-63. [PMID: 25017571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that adenosine is a major regulator of striatum activity, in part, through the antagonistic modulation of dopaminergic function. Exercise can influence adenosine and dopamine activity, which may subsequently promote plasticity in striatum adenosine and dopamine systems. Such changes could alter activity of medium spiny neurons and impact striatum function. The purpose of this study was twofold. The first was to characterize the effect of long-term wheel running on adenosine 1 (A1R), adenosine 2A (A2AR), dopamine 1 (D1R), and dopamine 2 (D2R) receptor mRNA expression in adult rat dorsal and ventral striatum structures using in situ hybridization. The second was to determine if changes to adenosine and dopamine receptor mRNA from running are associated with altered cfos mRNA induction in dynorphin- (direct pathway) and enkephalin- (indirect pathway) expressing neurons of the dorsal striatum following stress exposure. We report that chronic running, as well as acute uncontrollable stress, reduced A1R and A2AR mRNA levels in the dorsal and ventral striatum. Running also modestly elevated D2R mRNA levels in striatum regions. Finally, stress-induced cfos was potentiated in dynorphin and attenuated in enkephalin expressing neurons of running rats. These data suggest striatum adenosine and dopamine systems are targets for neuroplasticity from exercise, which may contribute to changes in direct and indirect pathway activity. These findings may have implications for striatum mediated motor and cognitive processes, as well as exercise facilitated stress-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Clark
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
| | - Parsa R Ghasem
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Agnieszka Mika
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Heidi E Day
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Jonathan J Herrera
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin N Greenwood
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
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Sleepiness phenomics: Modeling individual differences in subjective sleepiness profiles. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:150-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Irish LA, Kline CE, Rothenberger SD, Krafty RT, Buysse DJ, Kravitz HM, Bromberger JT, Zheng H, Hall MH. A 24-hour approach to the study of health behaviors: temporal relationships between waking health behaviors and sleep. Ann Behav Med 2014; 47:189-97. [PMID: 24043549 PMCID: PMC3956705 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-013-9533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sleep is often associated with waking health behaviors (WHB) such as alcohol consumption, caffeine use, smoking, and exercise, the causal direction of these relationships is unclear. PURPOSE The present study used time series data to examine the temporal dynamics of WHB and sleep characteristics in participants of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Sleep Study. METHODS Three hundred three women completed daily assessments of WHB and wore wrist actigraphs to measure sleep characteristics for the duration of the study (mean = 29.42 days, SD = 6.71). RESULTS Vector autoregressive modeling revealed that weekly patterns of sleep and WHB best predicted subsequent sleep and WHB suggesting that the associations between WHB and sleep persist beyond their immediate influence. Some WHB predicted some subsequent sleep characteristics, but sleep did not predict subsequent WHB. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings provide insight into the temporal dynamics of 24-h behaviors and encourage consideration of both sleep and WHB in health promotion and behavior change efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A. Irish
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christopher E. Kline
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Howard M. Kravitz
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Joyce T. Bromberger
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Huiyong Zheng
- University of Michigan, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Martica H. Hall
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
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Fulcher BD, Phillips AJK, Postnova S, Robinson PA. A physiologically based model of orexinergic stabilization of sleep and wake. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91982. [PMID: 24651580 PMCID: PMC3961294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The orexinergic neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (Orx) are essential for regulating sleep-wake dynamics, and their loss causes narcolepsy, a disorder characterized by severe instability of sleep and wake states. However, the mechanisms through which Orx stabilize sleep and wake are not well understood. In this work, an explanation of the stabilizing effects of Orx is presented using a quantitative model of important physiological connections between Orx and the sleep-wake switch. In addition to Orx and the sleep-wake switch, which is composed of mutually inhibitory wake-active monoaminergic neurons in brainstem and hypothalamus (MA) and the sleep-active ventrolateral preoptic neurons of the hypothalamus (VLPO), the model also includes the circadian and homeostatic sleep drives. It is shown that Orx stabilizes prolonged waking episodes via its excitatory input to MA and by relaying a circadian input to MA, thus sustaining MA firing activity during the circadian day. During sleep, both Orx and MA are inhibited by the VLPO, and the subsequent reduction in Orx input to the MA indirectly stabilizes sustained sleep episodes. Simulating a loss of Orx, the model produces dynamics resembling narcolepsy, including frequent transitions between states, reduced waking arousal levels, and a normal daily amount of total sleep. The model predicts a change in sleep timing with differences in orexin levels, with higher orexin levels delaying the normal sleep episode, suggesting that individual differences in Orx signaling may contribute to chronotype. Dynamics resembling sleep inertia also emerge from the model as a gradual sleep-to-wake transition on a timescale that varies with that of Orx dynamics. The quantitative, physiologically based model developed in this work thus provides a new explanation of how Orx stabilizes prolonged episodes of sleep and wake, and makes a range of experimentally testable predictions, including a role for Orx in chronotype and sleep inertia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben D. Fulcher
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew J. K. Phillips
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Postnova
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A. Robinson
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cooperative Research Center for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Boison D. Role of adenosine in status epilepticus: a potential new target? Epilepsia 2013; 54 Suppl 6:20-2. [PMID: 24001064 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic bioenergetic network regulator adenosine is an endogenous anticonvulsant of the brain that plays critical roles in seizure termination and postictal refractoriness. Adenosine homeostasis in the adult brain is largely under the control of metabolic clearance through adenosine kinase (ADK), expressed predominantly in astrocytes. The role of adenosine in status epilepticus (SE) appears to be a double-edged sword. We demonstrated that the severity of an SE clearly depends on the expression levels of ADK. A genetic knockdown of ADK prevented SE in a mouse model, whereas transgenic overexpression of the enzyme aggravated the SE. Therefore, ADK inhibition or adenosine augmentation might be a therapeutic strategy to terminate or attenuate an SE. On the other hand, SE triggers a surge of endogenous adenosine, which may initiate secondary events leading to epileptogenesis. Two new findings point into this direction: (1) Elevated adenosine triggers changes in the epigenome; and (2) SE triggers transient changes in ADK expression, which have been linked to neurogenesis. Although the ADK/adenosine system is an attractive target for the attenuation of an SE, the same system may also trigger downstream events related to epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Boison
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, 1225 NE 2nd Ave, Portland, OR 97232, U.S.A.
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Sahu S, Kauser H, Ray K, Kishore K, Kumar S, Panjwani U. Caffeine and modafinil promote adult neuronal cell proliferation during 48h of total sleep deprivation in rat dentate gyrus. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:470-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zu X, Zhang Z, Xiong G, Liao T, Qiao Y, Li Y, Geng S, Li X. Sedative effects of Arachis hypogaea L. stem and leaf extracts on sleep-deprived rats. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:601-605. [PMID: 24137234 PMCID: PMC3786996 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachis hypogaea L. stem and leaf extracts (AHSLE) are reputed to aid sleep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sedative effects of AHSLE on sleep-deprived (SD) rats and the effect on energy system pathways. Furthermore, we analyzed the essential oil components of Arachis hypogaea L. stems and leaves (AHSL) to explain the sedative effects. AHSLE were obtained by extracting AHSL twice with water at 98°C for 3 h. Animal experiments were performed in the Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan, and the levels of neurotransmitters were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The essential oil of the AHSL was obtained by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Following treatment with AHSLE, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels of the SD rats increased, which is a different effect from that previously observed in freely behaving rats. Adenosine (Ad) were not elevated by AHSLE uniformly throughout the brain, but accumulated in site-specific and time-prolonged manners. Following GC-MS analysis of the AHSL essential oil, a total of 37 compounds were identified; the major components were linalool (16.17%, which has sedative-like activity), n-hexadecanoic acid (16.42%), and 1-octen-3-ol (8.48%; a product of linalool decomposition). AHSLE affect the target neurotransmitters related to the rat circadian rhythms in specific brain regions, suggesting that AHSLE have the potential to increase sleep during the SD phase, and the sedative effects of AHSLE may be due to high levels of linalool and its decomposition products. AHSLE are potentially useful as sedatives or sleep aids in hypnotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zu
- Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
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