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Meur S, Karati D. Fyn Kinase in Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04286-2. [PMID: 38890236 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates and neuronal damage in the brain, leads to a gradual decline in cognitive function and memory. As a complex neurodegenerative disorder, it involves disruptions in various biochemical pathways and neurotransmitter systems, contributing to the progressive loss of neurons and synaptic connections. The complexity of Alzheimer's signaling pathways complicates treatment, presenting a formidable challenge in the quest for effective therapeutic interventions. A member of the Src family of kinases (SFKs), Fyn, is a type of non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been linked to multiple essential CNS processes, such as myelination and synaptic transmission. Fyn is an appealing target for AD treatments because it is uniquely linked to the two major pathologies in AD by its interaction with tau, in addition to being activated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) through PrPC. Fyn mediates neurotoxicity and synaptic impairments caused by Aβ and is involved in regulating the process of Aβ synthesis.Additionally, the tau protein's tyrosine phosphorylation is induced by Fyn. Fyn is also a challenging target because of its widespread body expression and strong homology with other kinases of the Src family, which could cause unintentional off-target effects. This review emphasizes signaling pathways mediated by Fyn that govern neuronal development and plasticity while also summarizing the most noteworthy recent research relevant to Fyn kinase's function in the brain. Additionally, the therapeutic inhibition of Fyn kinase has been discussed, with a focus on the Fyn kinase inhibitors that are in clinical trials, which presents a fascinating opportunity for targeting Fyn kinase in the creation of possible therapeutic approaches for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Meur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India.
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Identification of rare missense mutations in the glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit genes in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:20-25. [PMID: 36617743 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors significantly regulate the synaptic transmission and functions of various synaptic receptors. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide mutations in the glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA type (GRIA) gene family, which is associated with schizophrenia. METHODS The exon regions of four genes (GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA3, and GRIA4) encoding glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type proteins were resequenced in 516 patients with schizophrenia. We analyzed the protein function of the identified rare mutants via immunoblotting. RESULTS A total of 24 coding variants were detected in the GRIA gene family, including six missense mutations, 17 synonymous mutations, and one frameshift insertion. Notably, three ultra-rare missense mutations (GRIA1p.V182A, GRIA2p.P123Q, and GRIA4p.Y491H) were not documented in the single nucleotide polymorphism database, gnomAD genomes, and 1517 healthy controls available from Taiwan BioBank. Immunoblotting revealed GRIA4p.Y491H mutant with altered protein expressions in cultured cells compared with the wild type. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that, in some patients affected by schizophrenia, the GRIA gene family harbors rare functional mutations, which support rare coding variants that could contribute to the genetic architecture of this illness. The in-vitro impacts of these rare pathological mutations on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia are worthy of future investigation.
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Tan SY, Jiang JX, Huang HX, Mo XP, Feng JR, Chen Y, Yang L, Long C. Neural mechanism underlies CYLD modulation of morphology and synaptic function of medium spiny neurons in dorsolateral striatum. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1107355. [PMID: 36846565 PMCID: PMC9945542 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD), an abundant protein in the postsynaptic density fraction, plays a crucial role in mediating the synaptic activity of the striatum, the precise molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, using a Cyld-knockout mouse model, we demonstrate that CYLD regulates dorsolateral striatum (DLS) neuronal morphology, firing activity, excitatory synaptic transmission, and plasticity of striatal medium spiny neurons via, likely, interaction with glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1) and glutamate receptor 2 (GluA2), two key subunits of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). CYLD deficiency reduces levels of GluA1 and GluA2 surface protein and increases K63-linked ubiquitination, resulting in functional impairments both in AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents and in AMPAR-dependent long-term depression. The results demonstrate a functional association of CYLD with AMPAR activity, which strengthens our understanding of the role of CYLD in striatal neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Tan
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Feng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Beopoulos A, Géa M, Fasano A, Iris F. RNA epitranscriptomics dysregulation: A major determinant for significantly increased risk of ASD pathogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1101422. [PMID: 36875672 PMCID: PMC9978375 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are perhaps the most severe, intractable and challenging child psychiatric disorders. They are complex, pervasive and highly heterogeneous and depend on multifactorial neurodevelopmental conditions. Although the pathogenesis of autism remains unclear, it revolves around altered neurodevelopmental patterns and their implications for brain function, although these cannot be specifically linked to symptoms. While these affect neuronal migration and connectivity, little is known about the processes that lead to the disruption of specific laminar excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits, a key feature of ASD. It is evident that ASD has multiple underlying causes and this multigenic condition has been considered to also dependent on epigenetic effects, although the exact nature of the factors that could be involved remains unclear. However, besides the possibility for differential epigenetic markings directly affecting the relative expression levels of individual genes or groups of genes, there are at least three mRNA epitranscriptomic mechanisms, which function cooperatively and could, in association with both genotypes and environmental conditions, alter spatiotemporal proteins expression patterns during brain development, at both quantitative and qualitative levels, in a tissue-specific, and context-dependent manner. As we have already postulated, sudden changes in environmental conditions, such as those conferred by maternal inflammation/immune activation, influence RNA epitranscriptomic mechanisms, with the combination of these processes altering fetal brain development. Herein, we explore the postulate whereby, in ASD pathogenesis, RNA epitranscriptomics might take precedence over epigenetic modifications. RNA epitranscriptomics affects real-time differential expression of receptor and channel proteins isoforms, playing a prominent role in central nervous system (CNS) development and functions, but also RNAi which, in turn, impact the spatiotemporal expression of receptors, channels and regulatory proteins irrespective of isoforms. Slight dysregulations in few early components of brain development, could, depending upon their extent, snowball into a huge variety of pathological cerebral alterations a few years after birth. This may very well explain the enormous genetic, neuropathological and symptomatic heterogeneities that are systematically associated with ASD and psychiatric disorders at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Géa
- Bio-Modeling Systems, Tour CIT, Paris, France
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Cho BR, Kim WY, Jang JK, Lee JW, Kim JH. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Is a Key Regulator in the Inhibitory Effects of Accumbal Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide 55-102 on Amphetamine-Induced Locomotor Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415633. [PMID: 36555273 PMCID: PMC9779470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microinjection of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide 55-102 into the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) core significantly attenuates psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity. However, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. We examined the phosphorylation levels of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1) in NAcc core tissues obtained 60 min after microinjection of CART peptide 55-102 into this site, followed by systemic injection of amphetamine (AMPH). Phosphorylation levels of Akt at Thr308 and GSK3β at Ser9 were decreased, while those of GluA1 at Ser845 were increased, by AMPH treatment. These effects returned to basal levels following treatment with CART peptide 55-102. Furthermore, the negative regulatory effects of the CART peptide on AMPH-induced changes in phosphorylation levels and locomotor activity were all abolished by pretreatment with the S9 peptide, an artificially synthesized indirect GSK3β activator. These results suggest that the CART peptide 55-102 in the NAcc core plays a negative regulatory role in AMPH-induced locomotor activity by normalizing the changes in phosphorylation levels of Akt-GSK3β, and subsequently GluA1 modified by AMPH at this site. The present findings are the first to reveal GSK3β as a key regulator of the inhibitory role of the CART peptide in psychomotor stimulant-induced locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Wha Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Kyong Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Bio-Pharm Solutions Co., Ltd., Suwon-si 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Lee
- Division of In Vitro Diagnostic Devices, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju-si 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Continuous Exposure to Alpha-Glycosyl Isoquercitrin from Gestation Ameliorates Disrupted Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rats Induced by Gestational Injection of Valproic Acid. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2278-2296. [PMID: 36094739 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the ameliorating effect of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ), an antioxidant, on disrupted hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder induced by prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure. Dams were intraperitoneally injected with 500 mg/kg VPA on gestational day 12. AGIQ was administered in the diet at 0.25 or 0.5% to dams from gestational day 13 until weaning at postnatal day (PND) 21 and then to pups until PND 63. At PND 21, VPA-exposed offspring showed decreased numbers of type-2a and type-3 neural progenitor cells (NPCs) among granule cell lineage subpopulations. AGIQ treatment at both doses rescued the reduction in type-3 NPCs. AGIQ upregulated Reln and Vldlr transcript levels in the DG at 0.5% and ≥ 0.25%, respectively, and increased the number of reelin+ interneurons in the DG hilus at 0.5%. AGIQ at 0.25% and/or 0.5% also upregulated Ntrk2, Cntf, Igf1, and Chrnb2. At PND 63, there were no changes in the granule cell lineage subpopulations in response to VPA or AGIQ. AGIQ at 0.25% increased the number of FOS+ granule cells, accompanied by Gria2 and Gria3 upregulation and increasing trend in the number of FOS+ granule cells at 0.5%. There was no definitive evidence of VPA-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus throughout postnatal life. These results indicate that AGIQ ameliorates the VPA-induced disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis at weaning involving reelin, BDNF-TrkB, CNTF, and IGF1 signaling, and enhances FOS-mediated synaptic plasticity in adulthood, potentially through AMPA-receptor upregulation. The ameliorating effects of AGIQ may involve direct interactions with neural signaling cascades rather than antioxidant capacity.
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Sun Y, Ma L, Chen J, Wang W, Peng S, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ju P. RNA-seq co-expression network analysis reveals anxiolytic behavior of mice with Efnb2 knockout in parvalbumin+ neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:118. [PMID: 34281570 PMCID: PMC8287822 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders, and the change in the activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered as the underlying pathological mechanism. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) inhibition contributes to the overall activity of the PFC. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the excitation-inhibition imbalance of PV+ neurons in the PFC is unknown. Efnb2 is a membrane-bound molecule that plays an important role in the nervous system through binding the Eph receptor. To investigate whether the loss of Efnb2 in PV+ affects anxiety, we examined the behavior of wild type and Efnb2 in PV+ neurons knockout (KO) mice. We monitored the defensive responses to aversive stimuli of elevated plus maze (EPM) and found that KO mice exhibited obvious fearless and anxiolytic behaviors. To further investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism, we performed RNA sequencing, analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and constructed the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The WGCNA identified 12 characteristic modules. Among them, the MEgreen module showed the most significant correlation with KO mice of EPM stimuli. The Gene Ontology enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that this was related to the distal axon, Ras signaling pathway and insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the whole-cell voltage clamp recordings also proved that Efnb2 gene knock-out could affect synaptic function. Together with the transcriptomic analysis of mice with Efnb2 knockout on PV+ neurons, our findings suggest that Efnb2 gene in the PV+ neuron of PFC may be a crucial factor for fear and anxiety, which provide an insight into anxiety pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Le Ma
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
- King’s Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Weidi Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shiyu Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200240 China
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Ge Y, Wang YT. GluA1-homomeric AMPA receptor in synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108708. [PMID: 34274350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is one of the fundamental processes that all brain functions are based on. Changes in the strength of synaptic transmission among neurons are crucial for information processing in the central nervous system. The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of the fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Rapid trafficking of AMPARs in and out of the postsynaptic membrane is proposed to be a major mechanism for synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory. Defects in the regulated AMPAR trafficking have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of certain psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies accumulated in the past 30 years have provided a detailed molecular insight on how the trafficking of AMPARs is modulated in a subunit-specific manner. In particular, emerging evidence supports that the regulated expression and trafficking of Ca2+-permeable, GluA1-homomeric subtype of AMPARs mediates diverse types of synaptic plasticity, thereby playing critical roles in brain function and dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of AMPAR subunit-specific trafficking, with a particular emphasis on the involvement of GluA1-homomeric receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Yu Tian Wang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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Fang YC, Hsieh JY, Vidyanti AN, Yang CH, Jan JS, Chang KW, Hu CJ, Tu YK. HDACi protects against vascular cognitive impairment from CCH injury via induction of BDNF-related AMPA receptor activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7418-7425. [PMID: 34216182 PMCID: PMC8335662 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed a hydroxamic acid‐based histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), compound 13, provides neuroprotection against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) both in vitro under oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions and in vivo under bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) conditions. Intriguingly, the protective effect of this HDACi is via H3K14 or H4K5 acetylation–mediated differential BDNF isoform activation. BDNF is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in development, synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory related with receptors or synaptic proteins. B6 mice underwent BCCAO and were randomized into 4 groups; a sham without BCCAO (sham), BCCAO mice injected with DMSO (DMSO), mice injected with HDACi‐compound 13 (compound 13) and mice injected with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). The cortex and hippocampus of mice were harvested at 3 months after BCCAO, and levels of BDNF, AMPA receptor and dopamine receptors (D1, D2 and D3) were studied using Western blotting analysis or immunohistochemistry. We found that the AMPA receptor plays a key role in the molecular mechanism of this process by modulating HDAC. This protective effect of HDACi may be through BDNF; therefore, activation of this downstream signalling molecule, for example by AMPA receptors, could be a therapeutic target or intervention applied under CCH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ching Fang
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Amelia Nur Vidyanti
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiun Jan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Wei Chang
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Kwang Tu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Cai WT, Han J, Kim WY, Kim JH. Immunohistochemical detection of GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptor in the rat nucleus accumbens following cocaine exposure. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:79-85. [PMID: 33361540 PMCID: PMC7756536 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are differentially regulated in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of the brain after cocaine exposure. However, these results are supported only by biochemical and electrophysiological methods, but have not been validated with immunohistochemistry. To overcome the restriction of antigen loss on the postsynaptic target molecules that occurs during perfusion-fixation, we adopted an immersion-fixation method that enabled us to immunohistochemically quantify the expression levels of the AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit in the NAcc. Interestingly, compared to saline exposure, cocaine significantly increased the immunofluorescence intensity of GluA1 in two sub-regions, the core and the shell, of the NAcc on withdrawal day 21 following cocaine exposure, which led to locomotor sensitization. Increases in GluA1 intensity were observed in both the extra-post synaptic density (PSD) and PSD areas in the two sub-regions of the NAcc. These results clearly indicate that AMPA receptor plasticity, as exemplified by GluA1, in the NAcc can be visually detected by immunohistochemistry and confocal imaging. These results expand our understanding of the molecular changes occurring in neuronal synapses by adding a new form of analysis to conventional biochemical and electrophysiological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ting Cai
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joonyeup Han
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wha Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Vaseghi S, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. How do stupendous cannabinoids modulate memory processing via affecting neurotransmitter systems? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:173-221. [PMID: 33171142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we wanted to review the role of cannabinoids in learning and memory in animal models, with respect to their interaction effects with six principal neurotransmitters involved in learning and memory including dopamine, glutamate, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), serotonin, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline. Cannabinoids induce a wide-range of unpredictable effects on cognitive functions, while their mechanisms are not fully understood. Cannabinoids in different brain regions and in interaction with different neurotransmitters, show diverse responses. Previous findings have shown that cannabinoids agonists and antagonists induce various unpredictable effects such as similar effect, paradoxical effect, or dualistic effect. It should not be forgotten that brain neurotransmitter systems can also play unpredictable roles in mediating cognitive functions. Thus, we aimed to review and discuss the effect of cannabinoids in interaction with neurotransmitters on learning and memory. In addition, we mentioned to the type of interactions between cannabinoids and neurotransmitter systems. We suggested that investigating the type of interactions is a critical neuropharmacological issue that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luo S, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Ma T, Shao W, Xiao C. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Agonist PSB-0777 Modulates Synaptic Proteins and AMPA Receptor Expression in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1159-1171. [PMID: 32448843 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulating synaptic formation and transmission is critical for the physiology and pathology of psychiatric disorders. The adenosine A2A receptor subtype has attracted widespread attention as a key regulator of neuropsychiatric activity, neuroprotection and injury. In this study, we systematically investigated the regulatory effects of a novel A2A receptor agonist, PSB-0777, on the expression of synaptic proteins and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors (AMPA receptors) at the cellular level in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After 30 min of high-dose PSB-0777 stimulation, the expression of Synapsin-1 (Syn-1), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and AMPA receptors and the number of synapses were rapidly and significantly increased in rat primary cortical neurons compared with the control. Sustained elevation was found in the low and medium-dose groups after 24 h and 3 d of treatment. In contrast, after stimulation with PSB-0777 for 3 consecutive days, the expression of Syn-1 was decreased, and PSD95, AMPA receptors and the number of synapses were no longer increased in the high-dose group. Our study focuses on the detailed and systematic regulation of synaptic proteins and AMPA receptors by an A2A receptor agonist, PSB-0777, which may result in both beneficial and detrimental effects on neurotransmission and neuroprotection and may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders related to A2A receptors. These experimental data may contribute to understanding of the mechanisms for neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of A2A receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tengfei Ma
- Yunnan University, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences
| | - Wenping Shao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Department of Medical Examination
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Zhao F, Wang Z, Liao Y, Wang G, Jin Y. Alterations of NMDA and AMPA receptors and their signaling apparatus in the hippocampus of mouse offspring induced by developmental arsenite exposure. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 44:777-788. [PMID: 31708534 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Loss of cognitive function due to arsenic exposure is a serious health concern in many parts of the world, including China. The present study aims to determine the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity and its consequent effect on downstream signaling pathways of mouse N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Drinking water containing 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg/L arsenite was provided each day to mother mice throughout gestation period until postnatal day (PND) 35 to expose the newborn mice to arsenite during early developmental period. The effect of arsenite in the expressions of different components of NMDAR (NR1, NR2A, NR2B) and AMPAR (GluR1, GluR2, GluR3), including calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and phosphorylated-CaMKII (p-CaMKII), at PND 7, 14, 21 and 35 was estimated and analyzed from the hippocampus of mice. A significant inhibition in the protein and mRNA expressions of NR1, NR2A, NR2B and GluR1 was observed in mice exposed to 50 mg/L arsenite since PND 7. Down regulation of GluR2 and GluR3 both at mRNA and protein levels was observed in mice exposed to 50 mg/L arsenite till PND 14. Moreover, both CaMKII as well as p-CaMKII expressions were significantly limited since PND 7 in 50 mg/L arsenite exposed mice group. Findings form this study suggested that the previously reported impairment in learning and memorizing abilities in later stage due to early life arsenite exposure is associated with the alterations of NMDARs, AMPARs, CaMKII and p-CaMKII expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghong Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Zijiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
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14
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Gao S, Zhang H, He J, Zheng H, Zhang P, Xu J, Shen Z, Zhao H, Wang F, Hu Z, Chen J. Neuronal HMGB1 in nucleus accumbens regulates cocaine reward memory. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12739. [PMID: 31056833 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine is a common abused drug that can induce abnormal synaptic and immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS). High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one kind of inflammatory molecules that is expressed both on neurons and immune cells. Previous studies of HMGB1 in the CNS have largely focused on immune function, and the role of HMGB1 in neurons and cocaine addiction remains unknown. Here, we show that cocaine exposure induced the translocation and release of HMGB1 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons. Gain and loss of HMGB1 in the NAc bidirectionally regulate cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. From the nucleus to the cytosol, HMGB1 binds to glutamate receptor subunits (GluA2/GluN2B) on the membrane, which regulates cocaine-induced synaptic adaptation and the formation of cocaine-related memory. These data unveil the role of HMGB1 in neurons and provide the evidence for the HMGB1 involvement in drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang‐Qi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain ResearchHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological DiseasesHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China Wuhan China
| | - Jin‐Gang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hui‐Ling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Pei‐Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zu‐Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Huan‐Huan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain ResearchHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- The Collaborative‐Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological DiseasesHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China Wuhan China
| | - Zhuang‐Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain ResearchHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological DiseasesHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China Wuhan China
| | - Jian‐Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain ResearchHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- The Collaborative‐Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological DiseasesHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China Wuhan China
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15
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Herzberg D, Strobel P, Müller H, Meneses C, Werner M, Bustamante H. Proteomic profiling of proteins in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in dairy cows with chronic lameness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228134. [PMID: 31990932 PMCID: PMC6986711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lameness affects bovine welfare and has a negative economic impact in dairy industry. Moreover, due to the translational gap between traditional pain models and new drugs development for treating chronic pain states, naturally occurring painful diseases could be a potential translational tool for chronic pain research. We therefore employed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to stablish the proteomic profile of the spinal cord samples from lumbar segments (L2-L4) of chronic lame dairy cows. Data were validated and quantified through software tool (Scaffold® v 4.0) using output data from two search engines (SEQUEST® and X-Tandem®). Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) analysis was performed to detect proteins interactions. LC-MS/MS identified a total amount of 177 proteins; of which 129 proteins were able to be quantified. Lame cows showed a strong upregulation of interacting proteins with chaperone and stress functions such as Hsp70 (p < 0.006), Hsc70 (p < 0.0079), Hsp90 (p < 0.015), STIP (p > 0.0018) and Grp78 (p <0.0068), and interacting proteins associated to glycolytic pathway such as; γ-enolase (p < 0.0095), α-enolase (p < 0.013) and hexokinase-1 (p < 0.028). It was not possible to establish a clear network of interaction in several upregulated proteins in lame cows. Non-interacting proteins were mainly associated to redox process and cytoskeletal organization. The most relevant down regulated protein in lame cows was myelin basic protein (MBP) (p < 0.02). Chronic inflammatory lameness in cows is associated to increased expression of stress proteins with chaperone, metabolism, redox and structural functions. A state of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) might explain the changes in protein expression in lame cows; however, further studies need to be performed in order to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herzberg
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail: (HB); (DH)
| | - Pablo Strobel
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Heine Müller
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Constanza Meneses
- Comparative Biomedical Science Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marianne Werner
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hedie Bustamante
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail: (HB); (DH)
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16
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Venezia AC, Hyer MM, Glasper ER, Roth SM, Quinlan EM. Acute forced exercise increases Bdnf IV mRNA and reduces exploratory behavior in C57BL/6J mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12617. [PMID: 31621198 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise has been shown to improve memory in humans. Potential mechanisms include increased Bdnf expression, noradrenergic activity and modification of glutamate receptors. Because mice are commonly used to study exercise and brain plasticity, it is important to explore how acute exercise impacts behavior in this model. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to three groups: control, moderate-intensity running, and high-intensity running. Control mice were placed on a stationary treadmill for 30 minutes and moderate- and high-intensity mice ran for 30 minutes at 12 and 15-17 m/min, respectively. Mice were sacrificed immediately after running and the hippocampus removed. Total Bdnf, Bdnf exon IV, and glutamate receptor subunits were quantified with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Total and phosphorylated GluR1 (Ser845 and Ser831) protein was quantified following immunoblotting. Utilizing the same protocol for control and high-intensity running, object location memory was examined in a separate cohort of mice. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the open field task (OFT) in a third cohort of mice that were separated into four groups: control-saline, control-DSP-4, acute exercise-saline, and acute exercise-DSP-4. DSP-4 was used to lesion the central noradrenergic system. We observed higher Bdnf IV mRNA in high-intensity runners compared to controls, but no effects of acute exercise on memory. In the OFT, runners traveled less distance and spent more time grooming than controls. DSP-4 did not attenuate the effects of exercise. A single bout of exercise increases Bdnf IV mRNA in an intensity-dependent manner; however, high-intensity running reduces exploratory behavior in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Venezia
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania
| | - Molly M Hyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Erica R Glasper
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Stephen M Roth
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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17
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Safadi AL, Wang T, Maria GD, Starr A, Delasobera BE, Mora CA, Tornatore C. Recurrent Thymoma-Associated Paraneoplastic Encephalitis Resulting From Multiple Antibodies: A Case Report. Neurohospitalist 2019; 10:139-142. [PMID: 32373279 DOI: 10.1177/1941874419880423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Few reports describe the clinical course and acute-care management of patients with recurrent multi-antibody paraneoplastic encephalitis. We describe a rare case of a patient having thymoma with multiple paraneoplastic syndromes who was found to have antibodies to α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) followed by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the setting of residual thymic tissue. He initially presented to the hospital with severe, rapidly progressive encephalitis with simultaneous antibodies to AMPA and voltage-gated potassium channel complex receptor. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed scattered white matter hyperintensities and an enhancing lesion adjacent to the left caudate. Computerized tomography showed an anterior mediastinal mass that was resected and revealed to be a thymoma. He was refractory to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose steroids, and plasmapheresis. He was then started on monthly cyclophosphamide. After 3 cyclophosphamide infusions, he began to show improvement in his alertness, ability to speak, and capacity to follow commands. One month later, he was readmitted to the hospital for new and unusual behavioral outbursts and agitation. He was found to have new anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in his cerebrospinal fluid in the setting of residual hyperplastic thymic tissue that required another resection. He was treated with rituximab and then cyclophosphamide (due to an infusion reaction with rituximab) with positive outcomes. The presence of multiple antibodies may be associated with poor prognosis, requiring prompt recognition and aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. New neurological symptoms should prompt a search for residual pathologic tissue or tumor recurrence causing new autoantibodies and additional paraneoplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Li Safadi
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gianluca Di Maria
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy Starr
- Department of Pathology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bronson E Delasobera
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carlos Alberto Mora
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carlo Tornatore
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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Khalil R, Karim AA, Khedr E, Moftah M, Moustafa AA. Dynamic Communications Between GABA A Switch, Local Connectivity, and Synapses During Cortical Development: A Computational Study. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:468. [PMID: 30618625 PMCID: PMC6304749 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors regulate cortical development, such as changes in local connectivity and the influences of dynamical synapses. In this study, we simulated various factors affecting the regulation of neural network activity during cortical development. Previous studies have shown that during early cortical development, the reversal potential of GABAA shifts from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing. Here we provide the first integrative computational model to simulate the combined effects of these factors in a unified framework (building on our prior work: Khalil et al., 2017a,b). In the current study, we extend our model to monitor firing activity in response to the excitatory action of GABAA. Precisely, we created a Spiking Neural Network model that included certain biophysical parameters for lateral connectivity (distance between adjacent neurons) and nearby local connectivity (complex connections involving those between neuronal groups). We simulated different network scenarios (for immature and mature conditions) based on these biophysical parameters. Then, we implemented two forms of Short-term synaptic plasticity (depression and facilitation). Each form has two distinct kinds according to its synaptic time constant value. Finally, in both sets of networks, we compared firing rate activity responses before and after simulating dynamical synapses. Based on simulation results, we found that the modulation effect of dynamical synapses for evaluating and shaping the firing activity of the neural network is strongly dependent on the physiological state of GABAA. Moreover, the STP mechanism acts differently in every network scenario, mirroring the crucial modulating roles of these critical parameters during cortical development. Clinical implications for pathological alterations of GABAergic signaling in neurological and psychiatric disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Khalil
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Karim
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eman Khedr
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marie Moftah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- MARCS Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Park SW, Mansur RB, Lee Y, Lee JH, Seo MK, Choi AJ, McIntyre RS, Lee JG. Liraglutide Activates mTORC1 Signaling and AMPA Receptors in Rat Hippocampal Neurons Under Toxic Conditions. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:756. [PMID: 30405339 PMCID: PMC6205986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether treatment with liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, would alter mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and/or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor activity under dexamethasone-induced toxic conditions. Western blot analyses were performed to assess changes in mTORC1-mediated proteins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and various synaptic proteins (PSD-95, synapsin I, and GluA1) in rat hippocampal cultures under toxic conditions induced by dexamethasone, which causes hippocampal cell death. Hippocampal dendritic outgrowth and spine formation were measured using immunostaining procedures. Dexamethasone significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of mTORC1 as well as its downstream proteins. However, treatment with liraglutide prevented these reductions and significantly increased BDNF expression. The increase in BDNF expression was completely blocked by rapamycin and 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX). Liraglutide also recovered dexamethasone-induced decreases in the total length of hippocampal dendrites and reductions in spine density in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the positive effects of liraglutide on neural plasticity were abolished by the blockade of mTORC1 signaling and AMPA receptors. Furthermore, liraglutide significantly increased the expression levels of PSD-95, synapsin I, and GluA1, whereas rapamycin and NBQX blocked these effects. The present study demonstrated that liraglutide activated mTORC1 signaling and AMPA receptor activity as well as increased dendritic outgrowth, spine density, and synaptic proteins under toxic conditions in rat primary hippocampal neurons. These findings suggest that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation by liraglutide may affect neuroplasticity through mTORC1 and AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jae-Hon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ah Jeong Choi
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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20
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Jin EJ, Kiral FR, Hiesinger PR. The where, what, and when of membrane protein degradation in neurons. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:283-297. [PMID: 28884504 PMCID: PMC5816708 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane protein turnover and degradation are required for the function and health of all cells. Neurons may live for the entire lifetime of an organism and are highly polarized cells with spatially segregated axonal and dendritic compartments. Both longevity and morphological complexity represent challenges for regulated membrane protein degradation. To investigate how neurons cope with these challenges, an increasing number of recent studies investigated local, cargo-specific protein sorting, and degradation at axon terminals and in dendritic processes. In this review, we explore the current answers to the ensuing questions of where, what, and when membrane proteins are degraded in neurons. © 2017 The Authors Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 283-297, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Jennifer Jin
- Division of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin14195 BerlinGermany
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA
| | - Ferdi Ridvan Kiral
- Division of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin14195 BerlinGermany
| | - Peter Robin Hiesinger
- Division of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin14195 BerlinGermany
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21
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Fernández-Montoya J, Avendaño C, Negredo P. The Glutamatergic System in Primary Somatosensory Neurons and Its Involvement in Sensory Input-Dependent Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010069. [PMID: 29280965 PMCID: PMC5796019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most common neurotransmitter in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Glutamate is present in all types of neurons in sensory ganglia, and is released not only from their peripheral and central axon terminals but also from their cell bodies. Consistently, these neurons express ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, as well as other molecules involved in the synthesis, transport and release of the neurotransmitter. Primary sensory neurons are the first neurons in the sensory channels, which receive information from the periphery, and are thus key players in the sensory transduction and in the transmission of this information to higher centers in the pathway. These neurons are tightly enclosed by satellite glial cells, which also express several ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and display increases in intracellular calcium accompanying the release of glutamate. One of the main interests in our group has been the study of the implication of the peripheral nervous system in sensory-dependent plasticity. Recently, we have provided novel evidence in favor of morphological changes in first- and second-order neurons of the trigeminal system after sustained alterations of the sensory input. Moreover, these anatomical changes are paralleled by several molecular changes, among which those related to glutamatergic neurotransmission are particularly relevant. In this review, we will describe the state of the art of the glutamatergic system in sensory ganglia and its involvement in input-dependent plasticity, a fundamental ground for advancing our knowledge of the neural mechanisms of learning and adaptation, reaction to injury, and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Montoya
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Avendaño
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Negredo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Motor Skills Training Enhances α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Subunit mRNA Expression in the Ipsilateral Sensorimotor Cortex and Striatum of Rats Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2232-2239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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23
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Du J, Price MP, Taugher RJ, Grigsby D, Ash JJ, Stark AC, Hossain Saad MZ, Singh K, Mandal J, Wemmie JA, Welsh MJ. Transient acidosis while retrieving a fear-related memory enhances its lability. eLife 2017; 6:e22564. [PMID: 28650315 PMCID: PMC5484615 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Attenuating the strength of fearful memories could benefit people disabled by memories of past trauma. Pavlovian conditioning experiments indicate that a retrieval cue can return a conditioned aversive memory to a labile state. However, means to enhance retrieval and render a memory more labile are unknown. We hypothesized that augmenting synaptic signaling during retrieval would increase memory lability. To enhance synaptic transmission, mice inhaled CO2 to induce an acidosis and activate acid sensing ion channels. Transient acidification increased the retrieval-induced lability of an aversive memory. The labile memory could then be weakened by an extinction protocol or strengthened by reconditioning. Coupling CO2 inhalation to retrieval increased activation of amygdala neurons bearing the memory trace and increased the synaptic exchange from Ca2+-impermeable to Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. The results suggest that transient acidosis during retrieval renders the memory of an aversive event more labile and suggest a strategy to modify debilitating memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Du
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, United States
| | - Margaret P Price
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Rebecca J Taugher
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Daniel Grigsby
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Jamison J Ash
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Austin C Stark
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | | | - Kritika Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, United States
| | - Juthika Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, United States
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
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24
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Goodwani S, Saternos H, Alasmari F, Sari Y. Metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors as potential targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:14-31. [PMID: 28242339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that dysfunctional glutamate neurotransmission is critical in the initiation and development of alcohol and drug dependence. Alcohol consumption induced downregulation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) as reported in previous studies from our laboratory. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, which acts via interactions with several glutamate receptors. Alcohol consumption interferes with the glutamatergic signal transmission by altering the functions of these receptors. Among the glutamate receptors involved in alcohol-drinking behavior are the metabotropic receptors such as mGluR1/5, mGluR2/3, and mGluR7, as well as the ionotropic receptors, NMDA and AMPA. Preclinical studies using agonists and antagonists implicate these glutamatergic receptors in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the neurocircuitry involving glutamate transmission in animals exposed to alcohol and further outline the role of metabotropic and ionotropic receptors in the regulation of alcohol-drinking behavior. This review provides ample information about the potential therapeutic role of glutamatergic receptors for the treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Goodwani
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Hannah Saternos
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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25
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Taylor DL, Tiwari AK, Lieberman JA, Potkin SG, Meltzer HY, Knight J, Remington G, Müller DJ, Kennedy JL. Pharmacogenetic Analysis of Functional Glutamate System Gene Variants and Clinical Response to Clozapine. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2016; 2:185-197. [PMID: 28277565 DOI: 10.1159/000449224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Altered glutamate neurotransmission is implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and the pharmacogenetics of response to clozapine (CLZ), which is the drug of choice for treatment-resistant SCZ. Response to antipsychotic therapy is highly variable, although twin studies suggest a genetic component. We investigated the association of 10 glutamate system gene variants with CLZ response using standard genotyping procedures. GRM2 (rs4067 and rs2518461), SLC1A2 (rs4354668, rs4534557, and rs2901534), SLC6A9 (rs12037805, rs1978195, and rs16831558), GRIA1 (rs2195450), and GAD1 (rs3749034) were typed in 163 European SCZ/schizoaffective disorder patients deemed resistant or intolerant to previous pharmacotherapy. Response was assessed following 6 months of CLZ monotherapy using change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. Categorical and continuous response variables were analyzed using χ2 tests and analysis of covariance, respectively. We report no significant associations following correction for multiple testing. Prior to correction, nominally significant associations were observed for SLC6A9, SLC1A2, GRM2, and GRIA1. Most notably, CC homozygotes of rs16831558 located in the glycine transporter 1 gene (SLC6A9) exhibited an allele dose-dependent improvement in positive symptoms compared to T allele carriers (puncorrected = 0.008, pcorrected = 0.08). To clarify the role of SLC6A9 in clinical response to antipsychotic medication, and CLZ in particular, this finding warrants further investigation in larger well-characterized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Taylor
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, N.Y, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Calif, USA
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Joanne Knight
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Lancaster Medical School and Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Gary Remington
- Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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26
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Mele M, Leal G, Duarte CB. Role of GABAAR trafficking in the plasticity of inhibitory synapses. J Neurochem 2016; 139:997-1018. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Mele
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Graciano Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos B. Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
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27
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Pougnet JT, Compans B, Martinez A, Choquet D, Hosy E, Boué-Grabot E. P2X-mediated AMPA receptor internalization and synaptic depression is controlled by two CaMKII phosphorylation sites on GluA1 in hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31836. [PMID: 27624155 PMCID: PMC5022001 DOI: 10.1038/srep31836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity at excitatory synapses can be induced either by synaptic release of glutamate or the release of gliotransmitters such as ATP. Recently, we showed that postsynaptic P2X2 receptors activated by ATP released from astrocytes downregulate synaptic AMPAR, providing a novel mechanism by which glial cells modulate synaptic activity. ATP- and lNMDA-induced depression in the CA1 region of the hippocampus are additive, suggesting distinct molecular pathways. AMPARs are homo-or hetero-tetramers composed of GluA1-A4. Here, we first show that P2X2-mediated AMPAR inhibition is dependent on the subunit composition of AMPAR. GluA3 homomers are insensitive and their presence in heteromers alters P2X-mediated inhibition. Using a mutational approach, we demonstrate that the two CaMKII phosphorylation sites S567 and S831 located in the cytoplasmic Loop1 and C-terminal tail of GluA1 subunits, respectively, are critical for P2X2-mediated AMPAR inhibition recorded from co-expressing Xenopus oocytes and removal of surface AMPAR at synapses of hippocampal neurons imaged by the super-resolution dSTORM technique. Finally, using phosphorylation site-specific antibodies, we show that P2X-induced depression in hippocampal slices produces a dephosphorylation of the GluA1 subunit at S567, contrary to NMDAR-mediated LTD. These findings indicate that GluA1 phosphorylation of S567 and S831 is critical for P2X2-mediated AMPAR internalization and ATP-driven synaptic depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan-Till Pougnet
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Compans
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Martinez
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420-US4 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Hosy
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Boué-Grabot
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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28
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Wu HF, Chen PS, Chen YJ, Lee CW, Chen IT, Lin HC. Alleviation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Depression via Regulation of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Pathway in the Amygdala of a Valproic Acid-Induced Animal Model of Autism. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5264-5276. [PMID: 27578017 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala plays crucial roles in socio-emotional behavior and cognition, both of which are abnormal in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Valproic acid (VPA)-exposed rat offspring have demonstrated ASD phenotypes and amygdala excitatory/inhibitory imbalance. However, the role of glutamatergic synapses in this imbalance remains unclear. In this study, we used a VPA-induced ASD-like model to assess glutamatergic synapse-dependent long-term depression (LTD) and depotentiation (DPT) in the amygdala. We first confirmed that the VPA-exposed offspring exhibited sociability deficits, anxiety, depression-like behavior, and abnormal nociception thresholds. Then, electrophysiological examination showed a significantly decreased paired-pulse ratio in the amygdala. In addition, both NMDA-dependent LTD and DPT were absent from the amygdala. Furthermore, we found that the levels of glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation and β-catenin were significantly higher in the amygdala of the experimental animals than in the controls. Local infusion of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin into the amygdala reversed the increased phosphorylation level and impaired social behavior. Taken together, the results suggested that NMDA receptor-related synaptic plasticity is dysfunctional in VPA-exposed offspring. In addition, GSK-3β in the amygdala is critical for synaptic plasticity at the glutamatergic synapses and is related to social behavior. Its role in the underlying mechanism of ASD merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Fang Wu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Lee
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - I-Tuan Chen
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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29
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Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Yang Y, Xu X, Wang W, Zhu B, Wang X. Expression of Glypican-4 in the brains of epileptic patients and epileptic animals and its effects on epileptic seizures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:241-246. [PMID: 27425250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glypican-4 (Gpc4) has been found to play an important role in enhancing miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). But, the relationship between Gpc4 and epilepsy is still a mystery. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of Gpc4 in patients with epilepsy and in a pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy. We also determined if altered Gpc4 expression resulted in increased susceptibility to seizures. Western blotting and immunofluorescent methods were utilized. Gpc4 was significantly increased in patients and epileptic rats induced by pilocarpine injection. According to behavioral studies, downregulation of Gpc4 by Gpc4 siRNA decreased spontaneous seizure frequency, while upregulation of Gpc4 by recombinant Gpc4 overexpression led to a converse result. These findings support the hypothesis that increased expression of Gpc4 in the brain is associated with epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanke Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fangshuo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Binglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China.
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30
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Fernandes D, Carvalho AL. Mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity in the excitatory synapse. J Neurochem 2016; 139:973-996. [PMID: 27241695 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain development, sensory information processing, and learning and memory processes depend on Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, and on the remodeling and pruning of synaptic connections. Neurons in networks implicated in these processes carry out their functions while facing constant perturbation; homeostatic responses are therefore required to maintain neuronal activity within functional ranges for proper brain function. Here, we will review in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating that several mechanisms underlie homeostatic plasticity of excitatory synapses, and identifying participant molecular players. Emerging evidence suggests a link between disrupted homeostatic synaptic plasticity and neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders. Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), induce long-lasting changes in synaptic strength, which can be destabilizing and drive activity to saturation. Conversely, homeostatic plasticity operates to compensate for prolonged activity changes, stabilizing neuronal firing within a dynamic physiological range. We review mechanisms underlying homeostatic plasticity, and address how neurons integrate distinct forms of plasticity for proper brain function. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Fernandes
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PDBEB-Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Interdisciplinary Research Institute (III-UC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Activation of PPARγ Ameliorates Spatial Cognitive Deficits through Restoring Expression of AMPA Receptors in Seipin Knock-Out Mice. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1242-53. [PMID: 26818512 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3280-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A characteristic phenotype of congenital generalized lipodystrophy 2 (CGL2) that is caused by loss-of-function of seipin gene is mental retardation. Here, we show that seipin deficiency in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells caused the reduction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Twelve-week-old systemic seipin knock-out mice and neuronal seipin knock-out (seipin-nKO) mice, but not adipose seipin knock-out mice, exhibited spatial cognitive deficits as assessed by the Morris water maze and Y-maze, which were ameliorated by the treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (rosi). In addition, seipin-nKO mice showed the synaptic dysfunction and the impairment of NMDA receptor-dependent LTP in hippocampal CA1 regions. The density of AMPA-induced current (IAMPA) in CA1 pyramidal cells and GluR1/GluR2 expression were significantly reduced in seipin-nKO mice, whereas the NMDA-induced current (INMDA) and NR1/NR2 expression were not altered. Rosi treatment in seipin-nKO mice could correct the decrease in expression and activity of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) and was accompanied by recovered synaptic function and LTP induction. Furthermore, hippocampal ERK2 and CREB phosphorylation in seipin-nKO mice were reduced and this could be rescued by rosi treatment. Rosi treatment in seipin-nKO mice elevated BDNF concentration. The MEK inhibitor U0126 blocked rosi-restored AMPAR expression and LTP induction in seipin-nKO mice, but the Trk family inhibitor K252a did not. These findings indicate that the neuronal seipin deficiency selectively suppresses AMPAR expression through reducing ERK-CREB activities, leading to the impairment of LTP and spatial memory, which can be rescued by PPARγ activation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Congenital generalized lipodystrophy 2 (CGL2), caused by loss-of-function mutation of seipin gene, is characterized by mental retardation. By the generation of systemic or neuronal seipin knock-out mice, the present study provides in vivo evidence that neuronal seipin deficiency causes deficits in spatial memory and hippocampal LTP induction. Neuronal seipin deficiency selectively suppresses AMPA receptor expression, ERK-CREB phosphorylation with the decline of PPARγ. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone can ameliorate spatial cognitive deficits and rescue the LTP induction in seipin knock-out mice by restoring AMPA receptor expression and ERK-CREB activities.
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32
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Role of Striatal-Enriched Tyrosine Phosphatase in Neuronal Function. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8136925. [PMID: 27190655 PMCID: PMC4844879 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8136925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is a CNS-enriched protein implicated in multiple neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. STEP regulates key signaling proteins required for synaptic strengthening as well as NMDA and AMPA receptor trafficking. Both high and low levels of STEP disrupt synaptic function and contribute to learning and behavioral deficits. High levels of STEP are present in human postmortem samples and animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia and in animal models of fragile X syndrome. Low levels of STEP activity are present in additional disorders that include ischemia, Huntington's chorea, alcohol abuse, and stress disorders. Thus the current model of STEP is that optimal levels are required for optimal synaptic function. Here we focus on the role of STEP in Alzheimer's disease and the mechanisms by which STEP activity is increased in this illness. Both genetic lowering of STEP levels and pharmacological inhibition of STEP activity in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease reverse the biochemical and cognitive abnormalities that are present. These findings suggest that STEP is an important point for modulation of proteins required for synaptic plasticity.
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33
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Chefdeville A, Honnorat J, Hampe CS, Desestret V. Neuronal central nervous system syndromes probably mediated by autoantibodies. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1535-52. [PMID: 26918657 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, a rapidly growing number of autoantibodies targeting neuronal cell-surface antigens have been identified in patients presenting with neurological symptoms. Targeted antigens include ionotropic receptors such as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor or the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, metabotropic receptors such as mGluR1 and mGluR5, and other synaptic proteins, some of them belonging to the voltage-gated potassium channel complex. Importantly, the cell-surface location of these antigens makes them vulnerable to direct antibody-mediated modulation. Some of these autoantibodies, generally targeting ionotropic channels or their partner proteins, define clinical syndromes resembling models of pharmacological or genetic disruption of the corresponding antigen, suggesting a direct pathogenic role of the associated autoantibodies. Moreover, the associated neurological symptoms are usually immunotherapy-responsive, further arguing for a pathogenic effect of the antibodies. Some studies have shown that some patients' antibodies may have structural and functional in vitro effects on the targeted antigens. Definite proof of the pathogenicity of these autoantibodies has been obtained for just a few through passive transfer experiments in animal models. In this review we present existing and converging evidence suggesting a pathogenic role of some autoantibodies directed against neuronal cell-surface antigens observed in patients with central nervous system disorders. We describe the main clinical symptoms characterizing the patients and discuss conflicting arguments regarding the pathogenicity of these antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Chefdeville
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, INSERM U1217/UMR CNRS 5310, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, INSERM U1217/UMR CNRS 5310, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, F-69677, Bron, France.,Department of Neurology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, F-69677, Bron, France
| | | | - Virginie Desestret
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, INSERM U1217/UMR CNRS 5310, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, F-69677, Bron, France.,Department of Neurology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, F-69677, Bron, France
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34
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Caudal D, Rame M, Jay TM, Godsil BP. Dynamic Regulation of AMPAR Phosphorylation In Vivo Following Acute Behavioral Stress. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1331-1342. [PMID: 26814839 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tuning of glutamatergic transmission is an essential mechanism for neuronal communication. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate fast synaptic transmission. The phosphorylation states of specific serine residues on the GluA1 and GluA2 AMPAR subunits are considered critical post-translational modifications that regulate AMPAR activity and subcellular trafficking. While behavioral stress, via stress hormones, exerts specific alterations on such glutamatergic processes, there have been conflicting data concerning the influence of stress on AMPAR phosphorylation in different brain regions, and the post-stress signaling mechanisms mediating these processes are not well delineated. Here, we examined the dynamics of phosphorylation at three AMPAR serine residues (ser831-GluA1, ser845-GluA1, and ser880-GluA2) in four brain regions [amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal hippocampus, and ventral hippocampus] of the rat during the hour following behavioral stress. We also tested the impact of post-stress corticosteroid receptor blockade on AMPAR phosphorylation. Both GluA1 subunit residues exhibited elevated phosphorylation after stress, yet post-stress administration of corticosteroid receptor antagonists curtailed these effects only at ser831-GluA1. In contrast, ser880-GluA2 displayed a time-dependent tendency for early decreased phosphorylation (that was selectively augmented by mifepristone treatment in the amygdala and mPFC of stressed animals) followed by increased phosphorylation later on. These findings show that the in vivo regulation of AMPAR phosphorylation after stress is a dynamic and subunit-specific process, and they provide support for the hypothesis that corticosteroid receptors have an ongoing role in the regulation of ser831-GluA1 phosphorylation during the post-stress interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Caudal
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S 894 Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rame
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S 894 Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse M Jay
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S 894 Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bill P Godsil
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S 894 Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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35
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Chang P, Augustin K, Boddum K, Williams S, Sun M, Terschak JA, Hardege JD, Chen PE, Walker MC, Williams RSB. Seizure control by decanoic acid through direct AMPA receptor inhibition. Brain 2015; 139:431-43. [PMID: 26608744 PMCID: PMC4805082 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
See Rogawski (doi:10.1093/awv369) for a scientific commentary on this article. The medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet is an established treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy that increases plasma levels of decanoic acid and ketones. Recently, decanoic acid has been shown to provide seizure control in vivo, yet its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we show that decanoic acid, but not the ketones β-hydroxybutryate or acetone, shows antiseizure activity in two acute ex vivo rat hippocampal slice models of epileptiform activity. To search for a mechanism of decanoic acid, we show it has a strong inhibitory effect on excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurotransmission in hippocampal slices. Using heterologous expression of excitatory ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA subunits in Xenopus oocytes, we show that this effect is through direct AMPA receptor inhibition, a target shared by a recently introduced epilepsy treatment perampanel. Decanoic acid acts as a non-competitive antagonist at therapeutically relevant concentrations, in a voltage- and subunit-dependent manner, and this is sufficient to explain its antiseizure effects. This inhibitory effect is likely to be caused by binding to sites on the M3 helix of the AMPA-GluA2 transmembrane domain; independent from the binding site of perampanel. Together our results indicate that the direct inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission by decanoic acid in the brain contributes to the anti-convulsant effect of the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pishan Chang
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Katrin Augustin
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kim Boddum
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sophie Williams
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Min Sun
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John A Terschak
- 3 School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Jörg D Hardege
- 3 School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Philip E Chen
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Matthew C Walker
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
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Gill LC, Gransee HM, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Functional recovery after cervical spinal cord injury: Role of neurotrophin and glutamatergic signaling in phrenic motoneurons. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 226:128-36. [PMID: 26506253 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts descending neural drive to phrenic motoneurons causing diaphragm muscle (DIAm) paralysis. Recent studies using a well-established model of SCI, unilateral spinal hemisection of the C2 segment of the cervical spinal cord (SH), provide novel information regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of functional recovery after SCI. Over time post-SH, gradual recovery of rhythmic ipsilateral DIAm activity occurs. Recovery of ipsilateral DIAm electromyogram (EMG) activity following SH is enhanced by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the region of the phrenic motoneuron pool. Delivery of exogenous BDNF either via intrathecal infusion or via mesenchymal stem cells engineered to release BDNF similarly enhance recovery. Conversely, recovery after SH is blunted by quenching endogenous BDNF with the fusion-protein TrkB-Fc in the region of the phrenic motoneuron pool or by selective inhibition of TrkB kinase activity using a chemical-genetic approach in TrkB(F616A) mice. Furthermore, the importance of BDNF signaling via TrkB receptors at phrenic motoneurons is highlighted by the blunting of recovery by siRNA-mediated downregulation of TrkB receptor expression in phrenic motoneurons and by the enhancement of recovery evident following virally-induced increases in TrkB expression specifically in phrenic motoneurons. BDNF/TrkB signaling regulates synaptic plasticity in various neuronal systems, including glutamatergic pathways. Glutamatergic neurotransmission constitutes the main inspiratory-related, excitatory drive to motoneurons, and following SH, spontaneous neuroplasticity is associated with increased expression of ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in phrenic motoneurons. Evidence for the role of BDNF/TrkB and glutamatergic signaling in recovery of DIAm activity following cervical SCI is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther C Gill
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, United States.
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GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors Regulate AMPA Receptor Traffic through Anchoring of the Synaptic Proteasome. J Neurosci 2015; 35:8462-79. [PMID: 26041915 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3567-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors play a central role in shaping the strength of synaptic connections throughout development and in mediating synaptic plasticity mechanisms that underlie some forms of learning and memory formation in the CNS. In the hippocampus and the neocortex, GluN1 is combined primarily with GluN2A and GluN2B, which are differentially expressed during development and confer distinct molecular and physiological properties to NMDA receptors. The contribution of each subunit to the synaptic traffic of NMDA receptors and therefore to their role during development and in synaptic plasticity is still controversial. We report a critical role for the GluN2B subunit in regulating NMDA receptor synaptic targeting. In the absence of GluN2B, the synaptic levels of AMPA receptors are increased and accompanied by decreased constitutive endocytosis of GluA1-AMPA receptor. We used quantitative proteomic analysis to identify changes in the composition of postsynaptic densities from GluN2B(-/-) mouse primary neuronal cultures and found altered levels of several ubiquitin proteasome system components, in particular decreased levels of proteasome subunits. Enhancing the proteasome activity with a novel proteasome activator restored the synaptic levels of AMPA receptors in GluN2B(-/-) neurons and their endocytosis, revealing that GluN2B-mediated anchoring of the synaptic proteasome is responsible for fine tuning AMPA receptor synaptic levels under basal conditions.
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Differential CaMKII regulation by voltage-gated calcium channels in the striatum. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:234-43. [PMID: 26255006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling regulates synaptic plasticity and many other functions in striatal medium spiny neurons to modulate basal ganglia function. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a major calcium-dependent signaling protein that couples calcium entry to diverse cellular changes. CaMKII activation results in autophosphorylation at Thr286 and sustained calcium-independent CaMKII activity after calcium signals dissipate. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating striatal CaMKII. To address this, mouse brain slices were treated with pharmacological modulators of calcium channels and punches of dorsal striatum were immunoblotted for CaMKII Thr286 autophosphorylation as an index of CaMKII activation. KCl depolarization increased levels of CaMKII autophosphorylation ~2-fold; this increase was blocked by an LTCC antagonist and was mimicked by treatment with pharmacological LTCC activators. The chelation of extracellular calcium robustly decreased basal CaMKII autophosphorylation within 5min and increased levels of total CaMKII in cytosolic fractions, in addition to decreasing the phosphorylation of CaMKII sites in the GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptors and the GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors. We also found that the maintenance of basal levels of CaMKII autophosphorylation requires low-voltage gated T-type calcium channels, but not LTCCs or R-type calcium channels. Our findings indicate that CaMKII activity is dynamically regulated by multiple calcium channels in the striatum thus coupling calcium entry to key downstream substrates.
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Rozas C, Carvallo C, Contreras D, Carreño M, Ugarte G, Delgado R, Zeise ML, Morales B. Methylphenidate amplifies long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus CA1 area involving the insertion of AMPA receptors by activation of β-adrenergic and D1/D5 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:15-27. [PMID: 26165920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin©) is widely used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and recently as a drug of abuse. Although the effect of MPH has been studied in brain regions such as striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus has received relatively little attention. It is known that MPH increases the TBS-dependent Long Term Potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still unknown. Using field potential recordings and western blot analysis in rat hippocampal slices of young rats, we found that acute application of MPH enhances LTP in CA3-CA1 synapses in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 73.44±6.32 nM. Using specific antagonists and paired-pulse facilitation protocols, we observed that the MPH-dependent increase of LTP involves not only β-adrenergic receptors activation but also post-synaptic D1/D5 dopamine receptors. The inhibition of PKA with PKI, suppressed the facilitation of LTP induced by MPH consistent with an involvement of the adenyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA dependent cascade downstream of the activation of D1/D5 receptors. In addition, samples of CA1 areas taken from slices potentiated with MPH presented an increase in the phosphorylation of the Ser845 residue of the GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors compared to control slices. This effect was reverted by SCH23390, antagonist of D1/D5 receptors, and PKI. Moreover, we found an increase of surface-associated functional AMPA receptors. We propose that MPH increases TBS-dependent LTP in CA3-CA1 synapses through a polysynaptic mechanism involving activation of β-adrenergic and D1/D5 dopaminergic receptors and promoting the trafficking and insertion of functional AMPA receptors to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rozas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - C Carvallo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - D Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M Carreño
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - G Ugarte
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - R Delgado
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M L Zeise
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - B Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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40
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Yu Y, Lü X, Ding F. microRNA regulatory mechanism by which PLLA aligned nanofibers influence PC12 cell differentiation. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:046010. [PMID: 26035737 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/046010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aligned nanofibers (AFs) are regarded as promising biomaterials in nerve tissue engineering. However, a full understanding of the biocompatibility of AFs at the molecular level is still challenging. Therefore, the present study focused on identifying the microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulatory mechanism by which poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) AFs influence PC12 cell differentiation. APPROACH Firstly, the effects of PLLA random nanofibers (RFs)/AFs and PLLA films (control) on the biological responses of PC12 cells that are associated with neuronal differentiation were examined. Then, SOLiD sequencing and cDNA microarray were employed to profile the expressions of miRNAs and mRNAs. The target genes of the misregulated miRNAs were predicted and compared with the mRNA profile data. Functions of the matched target genes (the intersection between the predicted target genes and the experimentally-determined, misregulated genes) were analyzed. MAIN RESULTS The results revealed that neurites spread in various directions in control and RF groups. In the AF group, most neurites extended in parallel with each other. The glucose consumption and lactic acid production in the RF and AF groups were higher than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, 42 and 94 miRNAs were significantly dysregulated in the RF and AF groups, respectively. By comparing the predicted target genes with the mRNA profile data, five and 87 matched target genes were found in the RF and AF groups, respectively. Three of the matched target genes in the AF group were found to be associated with neuronal differentiation, whereas none had this association in the RF group. The PLLA AFs induced the dysregulation of miRNAs that regulate many biological functions, including axonal guidance, lipid metabolism and long-term potentiation. In particular, two miRNA-matched target gene-biological function modules associated with neuronal differentiation were identified as follows: (1) miR-23b, miR-18a, miR-107 and miR-103 regulate the Rras2 and Nf1 gene and thereby, affect cytoskeleton regulation and MAPK pathway; (2) miR-92a, miR-339-5p, miR-25, miR-125a-5p, miR-351 and miR-19b co-regulate the Pafah1b1 gene, affecting PC12 cell migration and differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE This work demonstrates a bioinformatic approach to accomplish miRNA-mRNA profile integrative analysis and provides more insights for understanding the regulatory mechanism of miRNA in AFs affecting neuronal differentiation. These findings will be greatly beneficial for the application and design of AFs in nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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41
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Freudenberg F, Celikel T, Reif A. The role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in depression: central mediators of pathophysiology and antidepressant activity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:193-206. [PMID: 25783220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting more than 120 million people worldwide every year. Changes in monoaminergic transmitter release are suggested to take part in the pathophysiology of depression. However, more recent experimental evidence suggests that glutamatergic mechanisms might play a more central role in the development of this disorder. The importance of the glutamatergic system in depression was particularly highlighted by the discovery that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (particularly ketamine) exert relatively long-lasting antidepressant like effects with rapid onset. Importantly, the antidepressant-like effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, but also other antidepressants (both classical and novel), require activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Additionally, expression of AMPA receptors is altered in patients with depression. Moreover, preclinical evidence supports an important involvement of AMPA receptor-dependent signaling and plasticity in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Here we summarize work published on the involvement of AMPA receptors in depression and discuss a possible central role for AMPA receptors in the pathophysiology, course and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 AA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Jacob AL, Weinberg RJ. The organization of AMPA receptor subunits at the postsynaptic membrane. Hippocampus 2015; 25:798-812. [PMID: 25524891 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors are the principal mediators of excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system. The subunit composition of these tetrameric receptors helps to define their functional properties, and may also influence the synaptic trafficking implicated in long-term synaptic plasticity. However, the organization of AMPAR subunits within the synapse remains unclear. Here, we use postembedding immunogold electron microscopy to study the synaptic organization of AMPAR subunits in stratum radiatum of CA1 hippocampus in the adult rat. We find that GluA1 concentrates away from the center of the synapse, extending at least 25 nm beyond the synaptic specialization; in contrast, GluA3 is uniformly distributed along the synapse, and seldom extends beyond its lateral border. The fraction of extrasynaptic GluA1 is markedly higher in small than in large synapses; no such effect is seen for GluA3. These observations imply that different kinds of AMPARs are differently trafficked to and/or anchored at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Jacob
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard J Weinberg
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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43
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Pandey SP, Rai R, Gaur P, Prasad S. Development- and age-related alterations in the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 and its trafficking proteins in the hippocampus of male mouse brain. Biogerontology 2015; 16:317-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Weiler NC, Collman F, Vogelstein JT, Burns R, Smith SJ. Synaptic molecular imaging in spared and deprived columns of mouse barrel cortex with array tomography. Sci Data 2014; 1:140046. [PMID: 25977797 PMCID: PMC4411012 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A major question in neuroscience is how diverse subsets of synaptic connections in neural circuits are affected by experience dependent plasticity to form the basis for behavioral learning and memory. Differences in protein expression patterns at individual synapses could constitute a key to understanding both synaptic diversity and the effects of plasticity at different synapse populations. Our approach to this question leverages the immunohistochemical multiplexing capability of array tomography (ATomo) and the columnar organization of mouse barrel cortex to create a dataset comprising high resolution volumetric images of spared and deprived cortical whisker barrels stained for over a dozen synaptic molecules each. These dataset has been made available through the Open Connectome Project for interactive online viewing, and may also be downloaded for offline analysis using web, Matlab, and other interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Weiler
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Forrest Collman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA
| | - Joshua T Vogelstein
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Randal Burns
- Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Stephen J Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA
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45
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Narenji SA, Naghdi N, Azadmanesh K, Edalat R. 3α-diol administration decreases hippocampal PKA (II) mRNA expression and impairs Morris water maze performance in adult male rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 280:149-59. [PMID: 25451551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of testosterone and its metabolites on learning and memory has been the subject of many studies. This study used the Morris water maze task to investigate the effect of intra-hippocampal injection of 3α-diol (one of the metabolites of testosterone) on acquisition stage of spatial memory in adult male rats. During the experiment we observed that 3α-diol, significantly impaired Morris water maze performance in treated rat's compared with controls. Because signaling event mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) especially PKA (II) are critical for many neuronal functions such as learning and memory, the hippocampus was analyzed for mRNA expression of PKA (II) using TaqMan real time RT-PCR. The results indicated that the transcription levels of PKA (II) were significantly decreased in animals treated with 3α-diol compared with controls. Thus, the findings suggest that administration of 3α-diol in hippocampus of adult male rats impairs memory function, possibly via down-regulation of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasser Naghdi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Rosita Edalat
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran
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Ho VM, Dallalzadeh LO, Karathanasis N, Keles MF, Vangala S, Grogan T, Poirazi P, Martin KC. GluA2 mRNA distribution and regulation by miR-124 in hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 61:1-12. [PMID: 24784359 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA-type glutamate receptors mediate fast, excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and their concentrations at synapses are important determinants of synaptic strength. We investigated the post-transcriptional regulation of GluA2, the calcium-impermeable AMPA receptor subunit, by examining the subcellular distribution of its mRNA and evaluating its translational regulation by microRNA in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons. Using computational approaches, we identified a conserved microRNA-124 (miR-124) binding site in the 3'UTR of GluA2 and demonstrated that miR-124 regulated the translation of GluA2 mRNA reporters in a sequence-specific manner in luciferase assays. While we hypothesized that this regulation might occur in dendrites, our biochemical and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) data indicate that GluA2 mRNA does not localize to dendrites or synapses of mouse hippocampal neurons. In contrast, we detected significant concentrations of miR-124 in dendrites. Overexpression of miR-124 in dissociated neurons results in a 30% knockdown of GluA2 protein, as measured by immunoblot and quantitative immunocytochemistry, without producing any changes in GluA2 mRNA concentrations. While total GluA2 concentrations are reduced, we did not detect any changes in the concentration of synaptic GluA2. We conclude from these results that miR-124 interacts with GluA2 mRNA in the cell body to downregulate translation. Our data support a model in which GluA2 is translated in the cell body and subsequently transported to neuronal dendrites and synapses, and suggest that synaptic GluA2 concentrations are modified primarily by regulated protein trafficking rather than by regulated local translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Ho
- Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA
| | - Liane O Dallalzadeh
- Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA
| | - Nestoras Karathanasis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mehmet F Keles
- Interdepartmental Program for Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tristan Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kelsey C Martin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA; Integrated Center for Learning and Memory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA.
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47
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Gray EE, Guglietta R, Khakh BS, O'Dell TJ. Inhibitory interactions between phosphorylation sites in the C terminus of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptor GluA1 subunits. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14600-11. [PMID: 24706758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The C terminus of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 subunits contains several phosphorylation sites that regulate AMPAR activity and trafficking at excitatory synapses. Although many of these sites have been extensively studied, little is known about the signaling mechanisms regulating GluA1 phosphorylation at Thr-840. Here, we report that neuronal depolarization in hippocampal slices induces a calcium and protein phosphatase 1/2A-dependent dephosphorylation of GluA1 at Thr-840 and a nearby site at Ser-845. Despite these similarities, inhibitors of NMDA-type glutamate receptors and protein phosphatase 2B prevented depolarization-induced Ser-845 dephosphorylation but had no effect on Thr-840 dephosphorylation. Instead, depolarization-induced Thr-840 dephosphorylation was prevented by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels, indicating that distinct Ca(2+) sources converge to regulate GluA1 dephosphorylation at Thr-840 and Ser-845 in separable ways. Results from immunoprecipitation/depletion assays indicate that Thr-840 phosphorylation inhibits protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated increases in Ser-845 phosphorylation. Consistent with this, PKA-mediated increases in AMPAR currents, which are dependent on Ser-845 phosphorylation, were inhibited in HEK-293 cells expressing a Thr-840 phosphomimetic version of GluA1. Conversely, mimicking Ser-845 phosphorylation inhibited protein kinase C phosphorylation of Thr-840 in vitro, and PKA activation inhibited Thr-840 phosphorylation in hippocampal slices. Together, the regulation of Thr-840 and Ser-845 phosphorylation by distinct sources of Ca(2+) influx and the presence of inhibitory interactions between these sites highlight a novel mechanism for conditional regulation of AMPAR phosphorylation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Gray
- From the Department of Physiology and Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program for Neuroscience at UCLA, and
| | - Ryan Guglietta
- From the Department of Physiology and Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program for Neuroscience at UCLA, and
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- From the Department of Physiology and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Thomas J O'Dell
- From the Department of Physiology and UCLA Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, Los Angeles, California 90095
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48
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Random dispersion in excitatory synapse response. Cogn Neurodyn 2014; 8:327-34. [PMID: 25009674 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-014-9285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitatory synaptic function is subject to a huge amount of researches and fairly all the structural elements of the synapse are investigated to determine their specific contribution to the response. A model of an excitatory (hippocampal) synapse, based on time discretized Langevin equations (time-step = 40 fs), was introduced to describe the Brownian motion of Glutamate molecules (GLUTs) within the synaptic cleft and their binding to postsynaptic receptors. The binding has been computed by the introduction of a binding probability related to the hits of GLUTs on receptor binding sites. This model has been utilized in computer simulations aimed to describe the random dispersion of the synaptic response, evaluated from the dispersion of the peak amplitude of the excitatory post-synaptic current. The results of the simulation, presented here, have been used to find a reliable numerical quantity for the unknown value of the binding probability. Moreover, the same results have shown that the coefficient of variation decreases when the number of postsynaptic receptors increases, all the other parameters of the process being unchanged. Due to its possible relationships with the learning and memory, this last finding seems to furnish an important clue for understanding the basic mechanisms of the brain activity.
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Wang Y, Wei W, Song B, Wang Y, Dong J, Min H, Chen J. Developmental hypothyroxinemia caused by mild iodine deficiency leads to HFS-induced LTD in rat hippocampal CA1 region: involvement of AMPA receptor. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:348-57. [PMID: 24532248 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism induced by severe iodine deficiency (ID) during developmental period seriously damages the central nervous system function. In addition to developmental hypothyroidism induced by severe ID, developmental hypothyroxinemia induced by mild ID is potentially damaging for neurodevelopment and learning and memory in children. Wistar rats were treated with iodine-deficient diet or methimazole (MMZ) during pregnancy and lactation to induce developmental hypothyroxinemia or hypothyroidism in the present study. Pups were weaned on postnatal day (PN) 21 and used for electrophysiological recordings on PN80. It is generally accepted that long-term depression (LTD) is induced at low-frequency stimulation (LFS) in hippocampal CA1 region. Surprisingly, we observed developmental hypothyroxinemia as well as developmental hypothyroidism led to high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced LTD in hippocampal CA1 region. The abnormal HFS-induced LTD suggests not only developmental hypothyroidism but also developmental hypothyroxinemia impairs learning and memory. To explore the mechanisms responsible for the HFS-induced LTD, the phosphorylation status of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) was investigated. The results showed that developmental hypothyroxinemia as well as developmental hypothyroidism decreased the phosphorylation of AMPAR subunit glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) at serine 831 and serine 845 in hippocampal CA1 region. Neither developmental hypothyroxinemia nor developmental hypothyroidism altered the phosphorylation of AMPAR subunit glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) at serine 880. Increased levels of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) were also observed in hippocampal CA1 regions of pups subjected to developmental hypothyroxinemia or hypothyroidism. Taken together, our results suggest that the increased levels of PP1 caused by developmental hypothyroxinemia or hypothyroidism may account for the dephosphorylation of GluR1 at serine 831 and serine 845, which may contribute to HFS-induced LTD in hippocampal CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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Structural basis of PI(4,5)P2-dependent regulation of GluA1 by phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, alpha (PIP5K2A). Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1885-97. [PMID: 24389605 PMCID: PMC4159565 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors are the most important excitatory receptors in the central nervous system, and their impairment can lead to multiple neuronal diseases. Here, we show that glutamate-induced currents in oocytes expressing GluA1 are increased by coexpression of the schizophrenia-associated phosphoinositide kinase PIP5K2A. This effect was due to enhanced membrane abundance and was blunted by a point mutation (N251S) in PIP5K2A. An increase in GluA1 currents was also observed upon acute injection of PI(4,5)P2, the main product of PIP5K2A. By expression of wild-type and mutant PIP5K2A in human embryonic kidney cells, we were able to provide evidence of impaired kinase activity of the mutant PIP5K2A. We defined the region K813–K823 of GluA1 as critical for the PI(4,5)P2 effect by performing an alanine scan that suggested PI(4,5)P2 binding to this area. A PIP strip assay revealed PI(4,5)P2 binding to the C-terminal GluA1 peptide. The present observations disclose a novel mechanism in the regulation of GluA1.
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